WO2022152339A1 - Procédé d'extraction de signal et dispositif pour sa mise en œuvre - Google Patents

Procédé d'extraction de signal et dispositif pour sa mise en œuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022152339A1
WO2022152339A1 PCT/CZ2022/000002 CZ2022000002W WO2022152339A1 WO 2022152339 A1 WO2022152339 A1 WO 2022152339A1 CZ 2022000002 W CZ2022000002 W CZ 2022000002W WO 2022152339 A1 WO2022152339 A1 WO 2022152339A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
data
blocks
partial discharge
frequency
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Application number
PCT/CZ2022/000002
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English (en)
Inventor
Bedřich Beneš
Roman MEGO
Ladislav ŠŤASTNÝ
Original Assignee
Modemtec S.R.O.
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Publication date
Application filed by Modemtec S.R.O. filed Critical Modemtec S.R.O.
Priority to HU2400029A priority Critical patent/HUP2400029A1/hu
Publication of WO2022152339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022152339A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/346—Testing of armature or field windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of signal extraction, specifically to a method of narrowband extraction of a partial discharge signal from a background noise, and to a device for its implementation.
  • the good condition of the insulation of electrical circuits is a basic condition for their proper function.
  • the condition of the insulation is threatened by various factors, such as chemical, electrical or production imperfections.
  • the end state of the insulation is an electric field breakdown and this breakdown is always built up of partial discharges, no matter what impairment of the state of the insulation is created by whichever degradation mechanism, for example degradation of the insulation due to inhomogeneities in production of the insulation, the formation of so-called cavities.
  • This property is the basic approach to differentiate from other sources of interference and to detect partial discharges. Due to its similarity to Dirac’s discharge, the partial discharge behaves very similarly, spreading over all frequency bands, with the only deviation being that with increasing frequency value there is a slight attenuation of this value.
  • the basic idea is therefore that the sources of interference occur mainly in certain bands only and not in the entire frequency spectrum.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for extracting a partial discharge signal which will give highly reliable and accurate results, with a device which will have to be used for its operation being simple and therefore inexpensive, which will allow for its mass application.
  • a method of signal extraction in particular a method of narrowband extraction of a partial discharge signal from background noises, characterised by that firstly, by the partial discharge sensor, is removed a broad-spectrum analog signal (a), which is located on the object to be monitored, which is divided by frequency filters into analog signals (b, c) with a different frequency range, and subsequently these analog signals (b, c) are digitised in a digitising means into data signals (d, e), which are subsequently processed in such a way that the magnitude of the partial discharge and its location in the fundamental harmonic sinusoidal voltage is determined.
  • a broad-spectrum analog signal
  • the monitored object may be a power system in which partial discharges may occur, such as power lines, cables, transformers, and the like.
  • the broad spectrum analog signal (a) is filtered in a low-pass frequency filter to a signal (a) with a frequency in the range of 10 to 1000 Hz, and subsequently this signal (b) is digitised in the digitising means into a data signal (d). which contains data information about the signal (b) passing through the low-pass frequency filter, and further this data signal (d) is synchronised by a rotary counter.
  • the broad spectrum analog signal (a) is filtered in a high pass frequency filter to a signal (c) with a frequency higher than 100 kHz, and subsequently this signal (c) is digitised in the digitising means into a data signal (e) which contains data information about the signal (c) passing through the high pass frequency filter.
  • the data signal (e) output from the digitising means simultaneously enters at least two frequency bands at the same time, each of the frequency bands being set to a different range of pass frequencies and the other frequencies being suppressed by this frequency bandwidth, and in addition the data signals (f) output from the frequency band passes enter envelope blocks, which from the data signals (f) form data envelope files (a) which contain a numerical value which is the maximum value in the given band, which is the maximum value of the measured signal in data envelope files (a) and further enter correction blocks, in which the conversion of measured data to the value of discharge (pC) is performed with respect to the impedance of the measured system, and further the corrected data envelope files (a) enter the comparison blocks, in which the current envelope value, which is the maximum value for the given band, is compared with the set value, and from the comparison blocks is output data information (x), whether the background value has been exceeded in the respective frequency phase pass and thus that another signal is present, or whether another background value has been exceeded, and therefore no further signal is present, with the
  • the limits of the frequency band passes of these passes are adjustable and are spread gradually over the entire frequency band.
  • the advantage is that data processing can take place in parallel on all channels, which reduces hardware requirements. Otherwise, if the data were processed sequentially, ie gradually, it would be necessary to use very powerful hardware so that everything could be evaluated quickly and the result not be distorted.
  • the data information (x) output from the individual comparison blocks is led into a block of logical sums of compared values, where if all the values of the individual data information (x) are active, the output is a logical sum which is the data information (y) which is also active.
  • the corrected data envelope files (a) are output from the correction blocks to the evaluation blocks at the same time, and data information (y) from the logical product block are entered into the evaluation blocks at the same time, with each of the evaluation blocks evaluating the background noise values, and if the background noise values are exceeded, the discharge value (pC) is passed to the calculation block, in which the resulting discharge magnitude is determined, which is the highest discharge value (pC) from the values supplied from the individual evaluation blocks.
  • the evaluation blocks are blocks searching for the maximum values from the data envelope (a) output from the correction blocks. In essence, this means that it is monitored whether the background noise values are exceeded in all bands. If they are exceeded in all bands, this monitored signal is declared as the just-measured partial discharge, and because it is necessary to know its magnitude, the highest value is monitored, which is declared as the magnitude of the just-measured partial discharge.
  • the synchronised data signal (d) further enters the discharge monitoring block, into which simultaneously, the data information (y) output from the block of the logical sum of the compared values enter, and based on the logical decision of the block which evaluated the presence of the partial discharge, the location of the partial discharge in the fundamental harmonic sinusoidal voltage is deducted.
  • the data signal (d) is an 8-bit data signal (d).
  • the advantage being that the data width of the 8-bit data signal is sufficient for this processing, while the respective integrated circuit is cheaper.
  • the data signal (e) is to advantage a 16-bit data signal (e).
  • the advantage being that the 16-bit data signal allows the entire signal width to be covered, while a lower bit converter would introduce inaccuracy into its processing.
  • the partial discharge sensor is placed on an artificial signal source having an exactly defined partial discharge-like signal waveform with the partial discharge sensor additionally removing the broad-spectrum analog signal (a) and being performed by passing through the calibration evaluation chain.
  • Carrying out calibration is important because the measurement of the partial discharge input sensor is loaded with impedance, such as a connected cable that is different for different measurements on different devices.
  • the artificial signal source has a very similar course to the partial discharges for which we know their magnitude. Because we know what discharge is being transmitted from the artificial signal source, so for a measured value that comes out of the measuring chain after processing, we assign the value of the discharge of the transmitted artificial signal source.
  • a signal extraction device specifically a device for narrowband partial discharge signal extraction from a background noise, characterised by that it consists of a partial discharge sensor located on a monitored object which is connected to frequency filters with a different frequency range, with the frequency filters being further connected to a digitising means.
  • the advantage of this device is that it can prepare a data signal so that it can be processed relatively easily and cheaply.
  • the frequency filters with different frequency ranges are a low pass frequency filter for passing frequencies in the range of 10 to 1000 Hz, and a high pass frequency filter for passing frequencies higher than 100 kHz.
  • the low-pass frequency filter is connected to a digitising means which is connected to a rotary counter.
  • the high-pass frequency filter is connected to a digitising means which is connected to at least two frequency bandpass filters with a different range of pass frequencies which are connected to envelope blocks which are connected to correction blocks which are connected to comparison blocks, the individual comparison blocks being connected to a logical sum block of the compared values, and at the same time the correction blocks are connected to evaluation blocks which are connected to the logical sum block, with the evaluation blocks being simultaneously connected to the calculation block.
  • the circular counter is to advantage connected to a discharge monitoring block which is simultaneously connected to a logical sum block of the values for comparison.
  • the main advantage of the signal extraction method and the device for its implementation, according to the invention, is that it is possible to easily and cheaply determine the state of the insulation of the measured object.
  • the measurement takes place continuously for at least one period of fundamental harmonic sinusoidal voltage. During the measurement, individual partial discharges are captured, as well as their value and also at what stage the fundamental harmonics occurred.
  • Another advantage is that it is possible to process the data stream for the implementation of the signal extraction method due to the parallel use of gate arrays, i.e. at the same time, respectively step by step at clock rate. This technology makes it possible to process even a high data flow at low prices of the basic product.
  • the device that will have to be used to operate the signal extraction method will be simple and therefore inexpensive, which will allow its mass implementation.
  • fig.1 shows a schematic connection of the individual parts of the device for realising a partial discharge signal extraction method
  • fig. 2 shows a graph of an input of a wide spectrum analog signal containing a partial discharge
  • fig. 3 shows graphically on the PRPD diagram the output information
  • fig. 4 shows on the graph a summary overview of the processing within individual bandpass filters
  • fig. 5 shows on a graph the sequences on which envelope curves are formed.
  • the partial discharge sensor 1 located on an artificial signal source having a precisely defined signal flow similar to the partial discharge, furthermore, the partial discharge sensor 1 picks out the artificial broad-spectrum analog signal (a) and a calibration is performed by passing through the following evaluation chain.
  • the partial discharge sensor located on the monitored object picks out a real broad-spectrum analog signal (a), which is divided by frequency filters 2,3 into analog signals (b, c) with a different frequency range.
  • the input real broad-spectrum analog signal (a) (fig. 2) has a significant pulse from the partial discharge, which is marked by a strong resemblance to the theoretical Dirak pulse.
  • the broad-spectrum analog signal (a) contains the fundamental harmonic frequency of the electrical voltage (namely 50 Hz), and further analog waveforms that produce a partial discharge as well as interference, which may include, for example, various transmissions captured by the object being monitored, which acts as an antenna.
  • the wide-spectrum analog signal (a) is filtered in a low-pass frequency filter 2, which removes a spectrum of higher frequency signals, to a signal (a) with a frequency in the range of 10 to 1000 Hz, and this signal (b) is further digitised in the first digitising means 4 , which is an analog-to-digital converter, into a data signal (d), which is an 8- bit data signal (d) which contains data information about the signal (b) passing through the low-pass frequency filter 2, and further this data signal (d) is synchronised by a circular counter 18 in such a way that the circular counter 18 resets it to zero at each zero crossing, more precisely at each passing at the origin of the basic sinusoidal . voltage.
  • the length of the basic period of the sinusoidal supply voltage signal (20 ms) is defined.
  • the circular counter has a length of 360 increments, being therefore calculated up to 360, so each value thus has a value of one degree of the sinusoid.
  • the whole sine wave is divided into individual degrees and at the moment of evaluation of the partial discharge the device asks what is the current value of the circular counter and assigns this value to the partial discharge.
  • the wide-spectrum analog signal (a) is filtered in a high-pass frequency filter 3, which removes a spectrum of lower frequency signals, into a signal (c) with a frequency higher than 100 kHz, and subsequently this signal (c) is digitised in the second digitising means 5, into a data signal (e), which is a 16-bit data signal (e), which contains data information about the signal (c) passing through the high-pass frequency filter 3.
  • the data signal (e) output from the second digitising means 5 simultaneously enters into at least eight frequency bandpass filters 8.1 - 8.n.
  • n 8
  • each of the frequency bandpass filters 8.1 8.n being set to a different range of transmitted frequencies, in such a way that the individual pass-through frequencies have a size of 200kHz, 300kHz, 400kHz, 500kHz, 600kHz, 700kHz, 800kHz and 900kHz, with the proviso that the bandwidth is ⁇ 4.5 kHz.
  • FIG. 4 is shown a summary of processing in individual bandpass filters.
  • the upper diagram is the input signal, the other diagrams are for individual bandpass filters, while the signal level after processing in individual bandpass filters can be seen here.
  • the proviso for processing applies that a limit value is set in each individual bandpass, which may be different for each bandpass, depending on the primary setting after calibration. And if this signal level limit is exceeded, postprocessing occurs.
  • the proviso for processing is that all levels of signals processed in individual band passes exceed these limits.
  • the data signals (f) output from the frequency bandpass filters 8.1 - 8.n enter envelope blocks 9.1 - 9.n, which form, from the data signals (f) data envelope files (a), which contain a numerical value, which is the maximum value in a given band.
  • the data envelope files (a) enter the correction blocks 10.1 - 10,n, in which is carried out the conversion of the measured data into the discharge value (pC) with respect to the impedance of the measured system, and the corrected data envelope files (a) enter into the comparison blocks. 11 ,1 - 11,n, in which the current envelope value is compared with the set value, while from the comparison blocks 11.1 - 11.n is output data information (x), whether the background value was exceeded in the respective frequency phase pass 8.1 - 8.n and thus that another signal is present or that the background value has not been exceeded, and thus that no further signal is present, the background value for the individual comparison blocks
  • the data information (x) output from the individual comparison blocks 11 ,1 - 11.n is further led into the block 16 of the logical sum of the compared values, and if all values of the individual data information (x) are active, the output is the logical sum which is data information (y). which is also active.
  • the corrected data envelope files (a) simultaneously enter the evaluation blocks 12.1 - 12.n, and into the evaluation blocks
  • the synchronised data signal (d) further enters the discharge monitoring block 19, into which the data information (y) output from the logical sum block 16 enters simultaneously, whereas, based on the logical decision of block 16, which evaluated the presence of the partial discharge, the location of the partial discharge is deducted in the fundamental harmonic sinusoidal voltage.
  • the output of the above signal extraction method is the magnitude of the partial discharge and its location in the fundamental harmonic sinusoid of the voltage. These values are passed on to subsequent graphical evaluation, during which is monitored both the frequency of discharges and their magnitude, as well as where the discharge occurred on the basic sinusoid voltage.
  • the output information has the character of a PRPD diagram (fig. 3), where individual partial discharges are recorded on the basic sinusoid of the voltage derived from the basic frequency of the network at the moments of the detected partial discharges. From the density and location of the cluster of partial discharges, various analyses can be performed, because the discharges have their own characteristics, particularly where they are located on that sinusoid. These values are monitored for a time of measurement, for example, 1 to 2 seconds, i.e. 50 to 100 periods of the basic sinusoidal course of voltage. From the data distribution it can be determined what type of discharges it is.
  • the device for narrowband extraction of a partial discharge signal from a background noise comprises a partial discharge sensor 1 located on the monitored object, which is connected to a low-pass frequency filter 2, to pass frequencies in the range of 10 to 1000 Hz, and a high-pass frequency filter 3, to pass frequencies higher than 100 kHz, with these frequency filters 2,3 being further connected to the digitising means 4,5.
  • the low-pass frequency filter 2 is connected to the digitising means 4, which is connected to a rotary counter 18.
  • the rotary counter 18 is connected to the discharge monitoring block 19, which is simultaneously connected to the block 16 of the logical sum of the compared values.
  • the signal extraction method and the device for its implementation according to the invention can particularly be used for narrowband extraction of a partial discharge signal from a background noise.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Est décrit un procédé d'extraction de signal, plus particulièrement un procédé d'extraction de signal de décharge partielle à bande étroite dans un bruit de fond, selon lequel un capteur de décharge partielle (1) situé sur un objet surveillé capture d'abord un signal analogique à large spectre (a) qui est, par des filtres de fréquence (2,3), divisé en signaux analogiques (b, c) ayant un éventail de fréquences différent, lesdits signaux analogiques (b, c) étant ensuite numérisés dans des moyens de numérisation (4,5) en signaux de données (d, e), qui sont traités ensuite de telle sorte que l'amplitude de la décharge partielle est déterminée conjointement avec son emplacement dans la tension sinusoïdale harmonique fondamentale. Un dispositif d'extraction de signal, plus particulièrement un dispositif d'extraction de signal de décharge partielle à bande étroite dans un bruit de fond, comprend un capteur de décharge partielle (1) situé sur un objet surveillé connecté à des filtres de fréquence (2,3) ayant un éventail de fréquences différent, les filtres de fréquence (2,3) étant en outre connectés à des moyens de numérisation (4,5).
PCT/CZ2022/000002 2021-01-18 2022-01-14 Procédé d'extraction de signal et dispositif pour sa mise en œuvre WO2022152339A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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HU2400029A HUP2400029A1 (hu) 2021-06-19 2022-06-17 Automatikus kommunikációs rendszer emelkedõ hõmérséklet helyi elnyomására vagy tûz oltására az áramforráshoz csatlakoztatott elektromos berendezésekben

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CZ2021-20A CZ309279B6 (cs) 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 Způsob extrakce signálu a zařízení k jeho provádění
CZPV2021-20 2021-01-18

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CN106353649A (zh) 2016-09-18 2017-01-25 广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局 一种基于提升小波变换的局部放电信号去噪方法
CN110907770A (zh) 2019-11-28 2020-03-24 深圳供电局有限公司 局部放电脉冲特征提取方法、装置、计算机设备和介质

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