WO2022145061A1 - 鋼材 - Google Patents
鋼材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022145061A1 WO2022145061A1 PCT/JP2021/014738 JP2021014738W WO2022145061A1 WO 2022145061 A1 WO2022145061 A1 WO 2022145061A1 JP 2021014738 W JP2021014738 W JP 2021014738W WO 2022145061 A1 WO2022145061 A1 WO 2022145061A1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 62
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 59
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 that is Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
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- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention relates to steel materials.
- Patent Document 1 by further coexisting B in addition to Nb, the recrystallization temperature of austenite is increased by 50 ° C. or more and the hardenability is significantly improved, and the values expected from the Nb and B single system are obtained. It is taught that the improvement of the strength / toughness balance is extremely large in comparison.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe that Nb is an element effective for refining austenite crystal grains at high temperatures because it raises the recrystallization temperature.
- Patent Document 4 describes that a small amount of Nb suppresses the recrystallization of austenite and contributes to the miniaturization of the metal structure.
- Niobium (Nb) is known to be an element effective in suppressing recrystallization, but it is also an element that contributes to improvement of hardenability and strengthening of precipitation. Therefore, if the content of Nb is increased in order to obtain a higher recrystallization suppressing effect, the strength of the obtained steel material may become too high, or the toughness may decrease in connection therewith. Therefore, in the present technical field, for steel materials containing elements other than Nb, which have the same or higher recrystallization suppressing effect as Nb, depending on the application in which the steel material is used and the characteristics required in the application. There is a need.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a steel material having an improved recrystallization suppressing effect or an improved recrystallization suppressing effect due to a novel configuration. To provide.
- the present inventors have investigated an element capable of suppressing or delaying the recrystallization of austenite crystal grains.
- the present inventors suppress or delay recrystallization by increasing the amount of the specific element dissolved in the steel, and the temperature at which recrystallization starts (hereinafter, simply "recrystallization start temperature”).
- recrystallization start temperature the temperature at which recrystallization starts
- the steel materials that have achieved the above objectives are as follows. (1) By mass%, C: 0.001 to 1.000%, Si: 0.01-3.00%, Mn: 0.10 to 4.50%, P: 0.300% or less, S: 0.0300% or less, Al: 0.001-5.000%, N: 0.2000% or less, O: 0.0100% or less, Pr: 0 to 0.8000%, Sm: 0 to 0.8000%, Eu: 0 to 0.8000%, Gd: 0 to 0.8000%, Tb: 0 to 0.8000%, Dy: 0 to 0 .8000%, Ho: 0 to 0.8000%, Er: 0 to 0.8000%, Tm: 0 to 0.8000%, Yb: 0 to 0.8000%, Lu: 0 to 0.8000%, and Sc: At least one X element selected from the group consisting of 0 to 0.8000%, Nb: 0-3.000%, Ti: 0 to 0.500%, Ta: 0 to 0.500%, V: 0 to 1.00%
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is based on mass%.
- C 0.001 to 1.000%, Si: 0.01-3.00%, Mn: 0.10 to 4.50%, P: 0.300% or less, S: 0.0300% or less, Al: 0.001-5.000%, N: 0.2000% or less, O: 0.0100% or less, Pr: 0 to 0.8000%, Sm: 0 to 0.8000%, Eu: 0 to 0.8000%, Gd: 0 to 0.8000%, Tb: 0 to 0.8000%, Dy: 0 to 0 .8000%, Ho: 0 to 0.8000%, Er: 0 to 0.8000%, Tm: 0 to 0.8000%, Yb: 0 to 0.8000%, Lu: 0 to 0.8000%, and Sc: At least one X element selected from the group consisting of 0 to 0.8000%, Nb: 0-3.000%, Ti: 0 to 0.500%, Ta: 0 to 0.500%, V:
- the rolling temperature is high at this time, the Fe atoms move by themselves so as to eliminate the deformation zone and the ledge, and try to return from the disturbed unstable state to a stable crystal in which the Fe atoms are neatly arranged. This is a phenomenon called recrystallization.
- the rolling temperature is low (for example, when it is less than about 800 ° C.), Fe atoms cannot move, so that hot rolling is performed while leaving ledges and deformation bands at grain boundaries and many places in the grain. Will end.
- the metallographic structure transforms from austenite to ferrite, and such transformation generally occurs from a place where the arrangement of Fe atoms in austenite is disturbed. Therefore, when austenite is recrystallized during hot rolling, the arrangement of Fe atoms is disturbed only at the grain boundaries, so that new ferrite crystals can only be generated from the austenite grain boundaries. ..
- hot rolling is performed at a low temperature of less than about 800 ° C., it becomes possible to generate a large number of new ferrite crystals from ledges and deformation bands existing in many places of austenite.
- the present inventors have investigated an element that can suppress or delay the recrystallization of austenite crystal grains.
- the present inventors have identified specific elements that are solid-solved in steel, that is, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Sc elements (hereinafter referred to as Sc.
- the amount of "element X" is within a predetermined range, taking into account the relationship between the inclusions formed by these elements in the steel, more specifically the oxides, nitrides and sulfides of these elements.
- the recrystallization of the austenite crystal grains can be suppressed or delayed. It has been found that the recrystallization start temperature can be shifted to the high temperature side due to the suppression or delay of recrystallization. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a steel material in which recrystallization is remarkably suppressed even when hot rolling, particularly finish rolling, is performed at a relatively high temperature, thereby improving productivity and improving productivity. It is possible to miniaturize the metal structure in the finally obtained steel material. As a result, it is possible to improve the properties related to the miniaturization of the metal structure, for example, toughness, and to reduce the manufacturing cost of the steel material and shorten the manufacturing process.
- the above element X adheres to lattice defects such as dislocations introduced into steel during hot rolling.
- recrystallization is suppressed by inhibiting the rearrangement of the dislocations to move to a stable arrangement.
- all of the above X elements have a larger atomic radius than Nb used in the prior art, dislocations are caused by fixing elements having such a relatively large atomic radius to lattice defects such as dislocations.
- the inhibitory effect such as rearrangement of the above is enhanced, and as a result, at least the same or higher recrystallizing inhibitory effect can be achieved as compared with the conventional steel material using Nb. Therefore, in the present invention, it is extremely important to dissolve a large amount of such an element having a relatively large atomic radius in the steel.
- the solid solution amount of the X element in consideration of such inclusions is calculated as the effective amount of the X element by the above formula 1 which will be described in detail later, and the effective amount is within a predetermined range, that is, By setting it to 0.0003% or more, it is possible to achieve a higher recrystallization suppressing effect.
- the element X in the present invention easily combines with O, N and S to form inclusions as described above, and therefore it is generally difficult to secure a predetermined solid solution amount in steel. Due to such circumstances, the recrystallization suppressing effect of the X element has not been known so far. However, recent advances in refining technology have made it possible to reduce the content of elements such as O, N, and S, which are generally present in steel as impurities, to extremely low levels. It was possible to realize a solid solution within a predetermined range of the X element. Therefore, the recrystallization inhibitory effect caused by the solid solution of the X element has been clarified for the first time by the present inventors, and is extremely surprising and surprising.
- Carbon (C) is an element necessary for stabilizing hardness and / or ensuring strength. In order to sufficiently obtain these effects, the C content is 0.001% or more. The C content may be 0.005% or more, 0.010% or more, or 0.020% or more. On the other hand, if C is excessively contained, toughness, bendability and / or weldability may decrease. Therefore, the C content is 1.000% or less. The C content may be 0.800% or less, 0.600% or less, or 0.500% or less.
- Si is a deoxidizing element and is an element that also contributes to the improvement of strength. In order to sufficiently obtain these effects, the Si content is 0.01% or more. The Si content may be 0.05% or more, 0.10% or more, or 0.30% or more. On the other hand, if Si is excessively contained, the toughness may be lowered or surface quality defects called scale defects may occur. Therefore, the Si content is 3.00% or less. The Si content may be 2.00% or less, 1.00% or less, or 0.60% or less.
- Manganese (Mn) is an element effective for improving hardenability and / or strength, and is also an effective austenite stabilizing element. In order to sufficiently obtain these effects, the Mn content is 0.10% or more. The Mn content may be 0.50% or more, 0.70% or more, or 1.00% or more. On the other hand, if Mn is excessively contained, MnS harmful to toughness may be generated or the oxidation resistance may be lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is 4.50% or less. The Mn content may be 4.00% or less, 3.50% or less, or 3.00% or less.
- Phosphorus (P) is an element mixed in the manufacturing process.
- the P content may be 0%.
- the P content may be 0.0001% or more, 0.0005% or more, 0.001% or more, 0.003% or more, or 0.005% or more.
- the P content may be 0.007% or more from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- the P content is 0.300% or less.
- the P content may be 0.100% or less, 0.030% or less, or 0.010% or less.
- S 0.0300% or less
- Sulfur (S) is an element mixed in the manufacturing process, and is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing inclusions formed with the X element according to the embodiment of the present invention, so that the S content is 0%. There may be. However, in order to reduce the S content to less than 0.0001%, it takes time for refining, which leads to a decrease in productivity. Therefore, the S content may be 0.0001% or more, 0.0005% or more, or 0.0010% or more. On the other hand, if S is excessively contained, the effective amount of the X element may decrease and the toughness may decrease. Therefore, the S content is 0.0300% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.0100% or less, more preferably 0.0050% or less, and most preferably 0.0030% or less.
- Aluminum (Al) is a deoxidizing element and is also an effective element for improving corrosion resistance and / or heat resistance.
- the Al content is 0.001% or more.
- the Al content may be 0.010% or more, 0.100% or more, or 0.200% or more.
- the Al content may be 1.000% or more, 2.000% or more, or 3.000% or more.
- the Al content is 5.000% or less.
- the Al content may be 4.500% or less, 4000% or less, or 3.500% or less.
- the Al content may be 1.500% or less, 1.000% or less, or 0.300% or less.
- N Nitrogen (N) is an element mixed in the manufacturing process, and is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing inclusions formed with the X element according to the embodiment of the present invention, so that the N content is 0%. There may be. However, in order to reduce the N content to less than 0.0001%, it takes time for refining, which leads to a decrease in productivity. Therefore, the N content may be 0.0001% or more, 0.0005% or more, or 0.0010% or more. On the other hand, N is also an element effective for stabilizing austenite, and may be intentionally contained if necessary. In this case, the N content is preferably 0.0100% or more, and may be 0.0200% or more and 0.0500% or more.
- the N content is 0.2000% or less.
- the N content may be 0.1500% or less, 0.1000% or less, or 0.0800% or less.
- Oxygen (O) is an element mixed in the manufacturing process, and is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing inclusions formed with the X element according to the embodiment of the present invention, so that the O content is 0%. There may be. However, in order to reduce the O content to less than 0.0001%, it takes time for refining, which leads to a decrease in productivity. Therefore, the O content may be 0.0001% or more, 0.0005% or more, or 0.0010% or more. On the other hand, if O is excessively contained, coarse inclusions may be formed, the effective amount of the X element may be lowered, and the formability and / or toughness of the steel material may be lowered. Therefore, the O content is 0.0100% or less. The O content may be 0.0080% or less, 0.0060% or less, or 0.0040% or less.
- Dy 0 to 0.8000%
- Ho 0 to 0.8000%
- Er 0 to 0.8000%
- Tm 0 to 0.8000%
- Yb 0 to 0.8000%
- Lu 0 to 0.8000%
- Sc 0 to 0.8000%
- Pr placeodim
- Sm samarium
- Eu europium
- Gd gadrinium
- Tb terbium
- Dy dysprosium
- the X element may be used alone or in any specific combination of two or more of the above elements. Further, the element X may be present in an amount satisfying Equation 1, which will be described in detail later, and the lower limit thereof is not particularly limited. However, for example, the content of each X element or the total content may be 0.0010% or more, preferably 0.0050% or more, more preferably 0.0150% or more, and even more. It is preferably 0.0300% or more, and most preferably 0.0500% or more. On the other hand, even if the X element is excessively contained, the effect is saturated, and therefore, if the X element is contained in the steel material more than necessary, the manufacturing cost may increase.
- each X element is 0.8000% or less, for example, 0.7000% or less, 0.6000% or less, 0.5000% or less, 0.4000% or less, or 0.3000% or less. May be good.
- the total content of element X is 9.6000% or less, for example, 6.00% or less, 5.0000% or less, 4.00% or less, 2.0000% or less, 1.0000% or less or 0. It may be 5000% or less.
- the steel material may contain one or more of the following optional elements, if necessary.
- the steel material has Nb: 0 to 3.000%, Ti: 0 to 0.500%, Ta: 0 to 0.500%, V: 0 to 1.00%, Cu: 0 to 3.00%, Ni: 0 to 60.00%, Cr: 0 to 30.00%, Mo: 0 to 5.00%, W: 0 to 2.00%, B: 0 to 0.0200%, Co: 0 to 3 It may contain one or more of 0.00%, Be: 0 to 0.050%, and Ag: 0 to 0.500%.
- the steel materials include Zr: 0 to 0.5000%, Hf: 0 to 0.5000%, Ca: 0 to 0.0500%, Mg: 0 to 0.0500%, and La, Ce, Nd, Pm and At least one of Y: One or more of 0 to 0.5000% in total may be contained. Further, the steel material may contain one or two of Sn: 0 to 0.300% and Sb: 0 to 0.300%. The steel materials are Te: 0 to 0.100%, Se: 0 to 0.100%, As: 0 to 0.050%, Bi: 0 to 0.500%, and Pb: 0 to 0.500%. One or more of them may be contained. Hereinafter, these optional elements will be described in detail.
- Niobium (Nb) is an element that contributes to strengthening precipitation and suppressing recrystallization.
- the Nb content may be 0%, but in order to obtain these effects, the Nb content is preferably 0.003% or more.
- the Nb content may be 0.005% or more or 0.010% or more.
- the Nb content may be 1.000% or more or 1.500% or more from the viewpoint of sufficiently strengthening precipitation.
- the Nb content is 3.000% or less.
- the Nb content may be 2.800% or less, 2.500% or less, or 2.000% or less.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.100% or less, 0.080% or less, 0.050% or less, or 0.030. It may be less than or equal to%.
- Titanium (Ti) is an element that contributes to improving the strength of steel materials by strengthening precipitation.
- the Ti content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Ti content is preferably 0.005% or more.
- the Ti content may be 0.010% or more, 0.050% or more, or 0.080% or more.
- the Ti content is 0.500% or less.
- the Ti content may be 0.300% or less, 0.200% or less, or 0.100% or less.
- Tantalum (Ta) is an element effective in controlling the morphology of carbides and increasing their strength.
- the Ta content may be 0%, but in order to obtain these effects, the Ta content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Ta content may be 0.005% or more, 0.010% or more, or 0.050% or more.
- the Ta content is 0.500% or less.
- the Ta content may be 0.300% or less, 0.100% or less, or 0.080% or less.
- Vanadium (V) is an element that contributes to improving the strength of steel materials by strengthening precipitation.
- the V content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the V content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the V content may be 0.01% or more, 0.02% or more, 0.05% or more, or 0.10% or more.
- the V content is 1.00% or less.
- the V content may be 0.80% or less, 0.60% or less, or 0.50% or less.
- Copper (Cu) is an element that contributes to the improvement of strength and / or corrosion resistance.
- the Cu content may be 0%, but in order to obtain these effects, the Cu content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Cu content may be 0.01% or more, 0.10% or more, 0.15% or more, 0.20% or more, or 0.30% or more.
- the Cu content is 3.00% or less.
- the Cu content may be 2.00% or less, 1.50% or less, 1.00% or less, or 0.50% or less.
- Nickel (Ni) is an element that contributes to the improvement of strength and / or heat resistance, and is also an effective austenite stabilizing element.
- the Ni content may be 0%, but in order to obtain these effects, the Ni content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Ni content may be 0.01% or more, 0.10% or more, 0.50% or more, 0.70% or more, 1.00% or more, or 3.00% or more.
- the Ni content may be 30.00% or more, 35.00% or more, or 40.00% or more.
- the deformation resistance during hot working increases in addition to the increase in alloy cost, which may increase the equipment load.
- the Ni content is 60.00% or less.
- the Ni content may be 55.00% or less or 50.00% or less.
- the Ni content is 15.00% or less, 10.00% or less, 6.00% or less, or 4.00% or less. You may.
- Chromium (Cr) is an element that contributes to the improvement of strength and / or corrosion resistance.
- the Cr content may be 0%, but in order to obtain these effects, the Cr content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Cr content may be 0.01% or more, 0.05% or more, 0.10% or more, or 0.50% or more.
- the Cr content may be 10.00% or more, 12.00% or more, or 15.00% or more.
- the Cr content is 30.00% or less.
- the Cr content may be 28.00% or less, 25.00% or less, or 20.00% or less.
- the Cr content may be 10.00% or less, 9.00% or less, or 7.50% or less.
- Molybdenum is an element that enhances the hardenability of steel and contributes to the improvement of strength, and is also an element that contributes to the improvement of corrosion resistance.
- the Mo content may be 0%, but in order to obtain these effects, the Mo content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Mo content may be 0.01% or more, 0.02% or more, 0.50% or more, or 1.00% or more.
- Mo content is 5.00% or less.
- the Mo content may be 4.50% or less, 4.00% or less, 3.00 or less, or 1.50% or less.
- Tungsten is an element that enhances the hardenability of steel and contributes to the improvement of strength.
- the W content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the W content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the W content may be 0.01% or more, 0.02% or more, 0.05% or more, 0.10% or more, or 0.50% or more.
- the W content is 2.00% or less.
- the W content may be 1.80% or less, 1.50% or less, or 1.00% or less.
- B is an element that contributes to the improvement of strength.
- the B content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the B content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the B content may be 0.0003% or more, 0.0005% or more, or 0.0007% or more.
- the B content is 0.0200% or less.
- the B content may be 0.0100% or less, 0.0050% or less, 0.0030% or less, or 0.0020% or less.
- Co is an element that contributes to the improvement of hardenability and / or heat resistance.
- the Co content may be 0%, but in order to obtain these effects, the Co content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Co content may be 0.01% or more, 0.02% or more, 0.05% or more, 0.10% or more, or 0.50% or more.
- the Co content is 3.00% or less.
- the Co content may be 2.50% or less, 2.00% or less, 1.50% or less, or 0.80% or less.
- Beryllium (Be) is an element effective for increasing the strength of the base metal and refining the structure.
- the Be content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Be content is preferably 0.0003% or more.
- the Be content may be 0.0005% or more, 0.001% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- the Be content is 0.050% or less.
- the Be content may be 0.040% or less, 0.030% or less, or 0.020% or less.
- Silver (Ag) is an element effective for increasing the strength of the base material and refining the structure.
- the Ag content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Ag content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Ag content may be 0.010% or more, 0.020% or more, 0.030% or more, or 0.050% or more.
- the Ag content is 0.500% or less.
- the Ag content may be 0.400% or less, 0.300% or less, or 0.200% or less.
- Zirconium (Zr) is an element that can control the morphology of sulfides.
- the Zr content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Zr content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the Zr content is 0.5000% or less.
- Hafnium (Hf) is an element that can control the morphology of sulfides.
- the Hf content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Hf content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the Hf content is 0.5000% or less.
- Ca 0-0.0500%
- Ca is an element that can control the morphology of sulfides.
- the Ca content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Ca content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the Ca content is 0.0500% or less.
- Magnesium (Mg) is an element that can control the morphology of sulfides.
- the Mg content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Mg content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the Mg content may be greater than 0.0015%, greater than 0.0016%, greater than or equal to 0.0018% or greater than or equal to 0.0020%.
- the Mg content is 0.0500% or less.
- the Mg content may be 0.0400% or less, 0.0300% or less, or 0.0200% or less.
- La, Ce, Nd, Pm and Y 0 to 0.5000% in total
- Lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm) and yttrium (Y) are elements that can control the morphology of sulfides, similar to Ca and Mg.
- the total content of at least one of La, Ce, Nd, Pm and Y may be 0%, but is preferably 0.0001% or more in order to obtain such an effect.
- the total content of at least one of La, Ce, Nd, Pm and Y may be 0.0002% or more, 0.0003% or more or 0.0004% or more.
- the total content of at least one of La, Ce, Nd, Pm and Y is 0.5000% or less, even if it is 0.4000% or less, 0.3000% or less or 0.2000% or less. good.
- Tin (Sn) is an element effective for improving corrosion resistance.
- the Sn content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Sn content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Sn content may be 0.010% or more, 0.020% or more, 0.030% or more, or 0.050% or more.
- the Sn content is 0.300% or less.
- the Sn content may be 0.250% or less, 0.200% or less, or 0.150% or less.
- Antimony (Sb) is an element effective for improving corrosion resistance like Sn, and the effect can be increased by including it in combination with Sn.
- the Sb content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the effect of improving the corrosion resistance, the Sb content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Sb content may be 0.010% or more, 0.020% or more, 0.030% or more, or 0.050% or more.
- excessive content of Sb may lead to a decrease in toughness, particularly low temperature toughness. Therefore, the Sb content is 0.300% or less.
- the Sb content may be 0.250% or less, 0.200% or less, or 0.150% or less.
- Tellurium is an element effective for improving the machinability of steel because it forms a low melting point compound with Mn, S and the like to enhance the lubricating effect.
- the Te content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Te content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Te content may be 0.010% or more, 0.020% or more, 0.030% or more, or 0.040% or more.
- the Te content is 0.100% or less.
- the Te content may be 0.090% or less, 0.080% or less, or 0.070% or less.
- Selenium (Se) is an effective element for improving the machinability of steel because the selenium produced in the steel changes the shear-plastic deformation of the work material and the chips are easily crushed. ..
- the Se content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Se content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Se content may be 0.010% or more, 0.020% or more, 0.030% or more, or 0.040% or more.
- the Se content is 0.100% or less.
- the Se content may be 0.090% or less, 0.080% or less, or 0.070% or less.
- Arsenic (As) is an element effective in improving the machinability of steel.
- the As content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the As content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the As content may be 0.005% or more or 0.010% or more.
- the As content is 0.050% or less.
- the As content may be 0.040% or less, 0.030% or less, or 0.020% or less.
- Bismuth (Bi) is an element effective in improving the machinability of steel.
- the Bi content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Bi content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Bi content may be 0.010% or more, 0.020% or more, 0.030% or more, or 0.050% or more.
- the Bi content is 0.500% or less.
- the Bi content may be 0.400% or less, 0.300% or less, or 0.200% or less.
- Pb 0 to 0.500%
- Lead (Pb) is an element effective for improving the machinability of steel because it melts when the temperature rises due to cutting and promotes the growth of cracks.
- the Pb content may be 0%, but in order to obtain such an effect, the Pb content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Pb content may be 0.010% or more, 0.020% or more, 0.030% or more, or 0.050% or more.
- the Pb content is 0.500% or less.
- the Pb content may be 0.400% or less, 0.300% or less, or 0.200% or less.
- the balance other than the above elements consists of Fe and impurities.
- Impurities are components that are mixed in by various factors in the manufacturing process, including raw materials such as ore and scrap, when steel materials are industrially manufactured.
- the effective amount of the X element consisting of Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Sc can be determined by the left side of the following formula 1. , And its value shall satisfy the following equation 1. 0.40 [Pr] +0.37 [Sm] +0.37 [Eu] +0.36 [Gd] +0.35 [Tb] +0.34 [Dy] +0.34 [Ho] +0.33 [Er] +0.
- the effective amount of the X element By making the effective amount of the X element satisfy the above formula 1, the amount of these elements existing in the solid solution state in the steel can be increased, so that the recrystallization of the austenite crystal grains is suppressed. Alternatively, it can be delayed, and the recrystallization start temperature can be shifted to the higher temperature side due to such suppression or delay of recrystallization. More specifically, these X elements (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “X”) are combined with O (oxygen), N (nitrogen) and S (sulfur) present in the steel to form an oxide (X 2 O). 3 ), tend to form inclusions consisting of nitrides (XN) and sulfides (XS).
- the amount of element X present in the steel in a solid solution state without forming inclusions is determined. Need to increase.
- the solid solution amount of the X element in the steel is obtained by subtracting the maximum amount that can be consumed to form inclusions (oxides, nitrides and sulfides) from the amount of the X element contained in the steel. It is possible to make an approximation. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the solid solution amount of the X element estimated in this way is the amount of the X element effective for suppressing the recrystallization of the austenite crystal grains (that is, the "effective amount of the X element”. ), And specifically, it is defined by the following formula A.
- Effective amount of element X [atomic%] ⁇ (M [Fe] / M [X] ) x [X]-(M [Fe] / M [O] ) x [O] x 2 / 3- (M [ ] Fe] / M [N] ) x [N]-(M [Fe] / M [S] ) x [S] ... Equation A
- X represents each X element of Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Sc
- M [X] is the atomic weight of the X element, M [Fe].
- M [O] is the atomic weight of O
- M [N] is the atomic weight of N
- M [S] is the atomic weight of S
- [X], [O], [N] and [S] are.
- Each is the content [mass%] of the corresponding element, and is 0 when the element is not contained.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention contains various alloying elements, the steel material as a whole is almost composed of Fe or is an optional element.
- the steel material is almost composed of Ni and / or Cr in addition to Fe. Is.
- the atomic weights of Ni and Cr are equivalent to the atomic weights of Fe.
- each X element of Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Sc.
- the atomic% of is obtained by multiplying the content [mass%] of each X element by the ratio of the atomic weight of Fe to the atomic weight of each X element, that is, (M [Fe] / M [X] ) ⁇ . It can be calculated by [X].
- Effective amount of element X [atomic%] ⁇ (M [Fe] / M [X] ) x [X]-(M [Fe] / M [O] ) x [O] x 2 / 3- (M [ ] Fe] / M [N] ) x [N]-(M [Fe] / M [S] ) x [S] ... Equation A
- the atomic weights of Fe, O, N and S and each X element are Fe: 55.845, O: 15.9994, N: 14.0069, S: 32.068, Pr: 140.908, Sm, respectively. : 150.36, Eu: 151.964, Gd: 157.25, Tb: 158.925, Dy: 162.500, Ho: 164.930, Er: 167.259, Tm: 168.934, Yb: 173 .045, Lu: 174.967, Sc: 44.9559. Therefore, by substituting the atomic weight of each element into the above formula A and arranging it, the effective amount of the element X in terms of atomic% can be approximately expressed by the following formula B.
- Effective amount 0.40 [Pr] +0.37 [Sm] +0.37 [Eu] +0.36 [Gd] +0.35 [Tb] +0.34 [Dy] +0.34 [Ho] +0.33 [Er] ] +0.33 [Tm] +0.32 [Yb] +0.32 [Lu] +1.24 [Sc] -2.33 [O] -3.99 [N] -1.74 [S] ... B
- [O], [N], and [S] are the content [mass%] of each element, and are 0 when the element is not contained.
- the effective amount of the X element determined by the above formula B is 0.0003% or more, that is, the following formula 1 is satisfied. .. 0.40 [Pr] +0.37 [Sm] +0.37 [Eu] +0.36 [Gd] +0.35 [Tb] +0.34 [Dy] +0.34 [Ho] +0.33 [Er] +0. 33 [Tm] +0.32 [Yb] +0.32 [Lu] +1.24 [Sc] -2.33 [O] -3.99 [N] -1.74 [S] ⁇ 0.0003 ...
- the effective amount of the X element may be, for example, 0.0005% or more or 0.0007% or more, preferably 0.0010% or more, more preferably 0.0015% or more, still more preferably 0.0030%.
- the above is most preferably 0.0050% or more or 0.0100% or more.
- the upper limit of the effective amount of the X element is not particularly limited, but even if the effective amount of the X element is excessively increased, the effect is saturated and the manufacturing cost increases (alloy cost due to the increase in the content of the X element).
- the effective amount of element X is preferably 2.000% or less, for example, 1.8000% or less, 1.5000% or less, 1.2000% or less, 1.000% or less, or 0.8000% or less. You may.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention may be any steel material and is not particularly limited.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is, for example, a steel material before exhibiting the recrystallization suppressing effect, for example, slabs, billets, blooms which are steel materials before hot rolling, and a steel material after exhibiting the recrystallization suppressing effect.
- it includes a steel material after hot rolling.
- the steel material after hot rolling is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, thick steel plates, thin steel plates, steel bars, wire rods, shaped steels, steel pipes, and the like.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art, depending on the form of the final product and the like.
- the manufacturing method includes a step generally applied when manufacturing the thick steel plate, for example, a step of casting a slab having the chemical composition described above, and casting.
- a step of hot rolling the slab including a step of finish rolling ending at a temperature lower than the recrystallization start temperature, and a step of cooling the obtained rolled material, and an appropriate heat treatment step as necessary. It may further include a tempering step and the like.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable for applying a thermal processing control process (TMCP) that combines controlled rolling and accelerated cooling.
- TMCP thermal processing control process
- the manufacturing method includes a step generally applied when manufacturing the thin steel plate, for example, a step of casting a slab having the chemical composition described above, and casting.
- a step of hot rolling a slab including a finish rolling that ends at a temperature lower than the recrystallization start temperature, a step of cooling and winding the obtained rolled material, and a cold rolling step if necessary.
- the baking step and the like may be further included.
- a step generally applied when manufacturing steel bars and other steel materials is included, and for example, a steelmaking process for forming a molten steel having the chemical composition described above is formed. A process of casting slabs, billets, blooms, etc.
- molten steel having various chemical compositions was melted using a vacuum melting furnace, and an ingot of about 50 kg was manufactured by a lump formation method.
- the chemical compositions obtained by analyzing the samples collected from each of the obtained ingots are as shown in Table 1 below.
- a compression processing test was carried out using a cylindrical test material ( ⁇ 8 mm ⁇ height 12 mm) obtained from the ingot, and the recrystallization suppressing effect of the steel material was obtained based on the softening rate calculated from the result of the test. evaluated.
- Comparative Examples 84 to 91 the effective amount of the X element composed of Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Sc was low, which is sufficient. The effect of suppressing recrystallization could not be shown. More specifically, in Comparative Example 84, since the element X was not contained, a sufficient recrystallization suppressing effect could not be exhibited. Further, in Comparative Examples 85 to 91, although the X element was contained, the content thereof was small in the relative relationship with O, N and / or S, in other words, O, N and O, N and O with respect to the X element.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is, for example, a steel material before hot rolling, such as slab, billet, bloom, or a steel material after hot rolling.
- Steel materials after hot rolling include, for example, thick steel plates used for bridges, construction, shipbuilding, pressure vessels, etc., thin steel plates used for automobiles, home appliances, etc., as well as steel bars, wire rods, and shaped steel. , And steel pipes and the like.
- the steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to these materials, the steel material can be manufactured without impairing the productivity due to the recrystallization suppressing effect, and the metal structure in the steel material is miniaturized. Therefore, it is possible to remarkably improve the properties related to the miniaturization of such a metal structure, for example, toughness.
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Abstract
Description
(1)質量%で、
C:0.001~1.000%、
Si:0.01~3.00%、
Mn:0.10~4.50%、
P:0.300%以下、
S:0.0300%以下、
Al:0.001~5.000%、
N:0.2000%以下、
O:0.0100%以下、
Pr:0~0.8000%、Sm:0~0.8000%、Eu:0~0.8000%、Gd:0~0.8000%、Tb:0~0.8000%、Dy:0~0.8000%、Ho:0~0.8000%、Er:0~0.8000%、Tm:0~0.8000%、Yb:0~0.8000%、Lu:0~0.8000%、及びSc:0~0.8000%からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のX元素、
Nb:0~3.000%、
Ti:0~0.500%、
Ta:0~0.500%、
V:0~1.00%、
Cu:0~3.00%、
Ni:0~60.00%、
Cr:0~30.00%、
Mo:0~5.00%、
W:0~2.00%、
B:0~0.0200%、
Co:0~3.00%、
Be:0~0.050%、
Ag:0~0.500%、
Zr:0~0.5000%、
Hf:0~0.5000%、
Ca:0~0.0500%、
Mg:0~0.0500%、
La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種:合計で0~0.5000%、
Sn:0~0.300%、
Sb:0~0.300%、
Te:0~0.100%、
Se:0~0.100%、
As:0~0.050%、
Bi:0~0.500%、
Pb:0~0.500%、並びに
残部:Fe及び不純物からなり、
下記式1を満たす化学組成を有する、鋼材。
0.40[Pr]+0.37[Sm]+0.37[Eu]+0.36[Gd]+0.35[Tb]+0.34[Dy]+0.34[Ho]+0.33[Er]+0.33[Tm]+0.32[Yb]+0.32[Lu]+1.24[Sc]-2.33[O]-3.99[N]-1.74[S] ≧ 0.0003 ・・・式1
ここで、[Pr]、[Sm]、[Eu]、[Gd]、[Tb]、[Dy]、[Ho]、[Er]、[Tm]、[Yb]、[Lu]、[Sc]、[O]、[N]、及び[S]は、各元素の含有量[質量%]であり、元素を含有しない場合は0である。
(2)前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Nb:0.003~3.000%、
Ti:0.005~0.500%、
Ta:0.001~0.500%、
V:0.001~1.00%、
Cu:0.001~3.00%、
Ni:0.001~60.00%、
Cr:0.001~30.00%、
Mo:0.001~5.00%、
W:0.001~2.00%、
B:0.0001~0.0200%、
Co:0.001~3.00%、
Be:0.0003~0.050%、
Ag:0.001~0.500%、
Zr:0.0001~0.5000%、
Hf:0.0001~0.5000%、
Ca:0.0001~0.0500%、
Mg:0.0001~0.0500%、
La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種:合計で0.0001~0.5000%、
Sn:0.001~0.300%、
Sb:0.001~0.300%、
Te:0.001~0.100%、
Se:0.001~0.100%、
As:0.001~0.050%、
Bi:0.001~0.500%、並びに
Pb:0.001~0.500%
のうち1種又は2種以上を含む、上記(1)に記載の鋼材。
本発明の実施形態に係る鋼材は、質量%で、
C:0.001~1.000%、
Si:0.01~3.00%、
Mn:0.10~4.50%、
P:0.300%以下、
S:0.0300%以下、
Al:0.001~5.000%、
N:0.2000%以下、
O:0.0100%以下、
Pr:0~0.8000%、Sm:0~0.8000%、Eu:0~0.8000%、Gd:0~0.8000%、Tb:0~0.8000%、Dy:0~0.8000%、Ho:0~0.8000%、Er:0~0.8000%、Tm:0~0.8000%、Yb:0~0.8000%、Lu:0~0.8000%、及びSc:0~0.8000%からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のX元素、
Nb:0~3.000%、
Ti:0~0.500%、
Ta:0~0.500%、
V:0~1.00%、
Cu:0~3.00%、
Ni:0~60.00%、
Cr:0~30.00%、
Mo:0~5.00%、
W:0~2.00%、
B:0~0.0200%、
Co:0~3.00%、
Be:0~0.050%、
Ag:0~0.500%、
Zr:0~0.5000%、
Hf:0~0.5000%、
Ca:0~0.0500%、
Mg:0~0.0500%、
La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種:合計で0~0.5000%、
Sn:0~0.300%、
Sb:0~0.300%、
Te:0~0.100%、
Se:0~0.100%、
As:0~0.050%、
Bi:0~0.500%、
Pb:0~0.500%、並びに
残部:Fe及び不純物からなり、
下記式1を満たす化学組成を有することを特徴としている。
0.40[Pr]+0.37[Sm]+0.37[Eu]+0.36[Gd]+0.35[Tb]+0.34[Dy]+0.34[Ho]+0.33[Er]+0.33[Tm]+0.32[Yb]+0.32[Lu]+1.24[Sc]-2.33[O]-3.99[N]-1.74[S] ≧ 0.0003 ・・・式1
ここで、[Pr]、[Sm]、[Eu]、[Gd]、[Tb]、[Dy]、[Ho]、[Er]、[Tm]、[Yb]、[Lu]、[Sc]、[O]、[N]、及び[S]は、各元素の含有量[質量%]であり、元素を含有しない場合は0である。
炭素(C)は、硬さの安定化及び/又は強度の確保に必要な元素である。これらの効果を十分に得るために、C含有量は0.001%以上である。C含有量は0.005%以上、0.010%以上又は0.020%以上であってもよい。一方で、Cを過度に含有すると、靭性、曲げ性及び/又は溶接性が低下する場合がある。したがって、C含有量は1.000%以下である。C含有量は0.800%以下、0.600%以下又は0.500%以下であってもよい。
ケイ素(Si)は脱酸元素であり、強度の向上にも寄与する元素である。これらの効果を十分に得るために、Si含有量は0.01%以上である。Si含有量は0.05%以上、0.10%以上又は0.30%以上であってもよい。一方で、Siを過度に含有すると、靭性が低下したり、スケール疵と呼ばれる表面品質不良を発生したりする場合がある。したがって、Si含有量は3.00%以下である。Si含有量は2.00%以下、1.00%以下又は0.60%以下であってもよい。
マンガン(Mn)は、焼入れ性及び/又は強度の向上に有効な元素であり、有効なオーステナイト安定化元素でもある。これらの効果を十分に得るために、Mn含有量は0.10%以上である。Mn含有量は0.50%以上、0.70%以上又は1.00%以上であってもよい。一方で、Mnを過度に含有すると、靭性に有害なMnSが生成したり、耐酸化性を低下させたりする場合がある。したがって、Mn含有量は4.50%以下である。Mn含有量は4.00%以下、3.50%以下又は3.00%以下であってもよい。
リン(P)は製造工程で混入する元素である。P含有量は0%であってもよい。しかしながら、P含有量を0.0001%未満に低減するためには精錬に時間を要し、生産性の低下を招く。したがって、P含有量は0.0001%以上、0.0005%以上、0.001%以上、0.003%以上、又は、0.005%以上であってもよい。P含有量は、製造コストの観点から、0.007%以上であってもよい。一方で、Pを過度に含有すると、鋼材の加工性及び/又は靭性が低下する場合がある。したがって、P含有量は0.300%以下である。P含有量は0.100%以下、0.030%以下又は0.010%以下であってもよい。
硫黄(S)は製造工程で混入する元素であり、本発明の実施形態に係るX元素との間で形成される介在物を低減する観点からは少ないほど好ましく、よってS含有量は0%であってもよい。しかしながら、S含有量を0.0001%未満に低減するためには精錬に時間を要し、生産性の低下を招く。したがって、S含有量は0.0001%以上、0.0005%以上又は0.0010%以上であってもよい。一方で、Sを過度に含有すると、X元素の有効量が低下するとともに、靭性が低下する場合がある。したがって、S含有量は0.0300%以下である。S含有量は好ましくは0.0100%以下、より好ましくは0.0050%以下、最も好ましくは0.0030%以下である。
アルミニウム(Al)は、脱酸元素であり、耐食性及び/又は耐熱性を向上させるのに有効な元素でもある。これらの効果を得るために、Al含有量は0.001%以上である。Al含有量は0.010%以上、0.100%以上又は0.200%以上であってもよい。とりわけ、耐熱性を十分に向上させる観点からは、Al含有量は1.000%以上、2.000%以上又は3.000%以上であってもよい。一方で、Alを過度に含有すると、粗大な介在物が生成して靭性を低下させたり、製造過程で割れなどのトラブルが発生したり、及び/又は耐疲労特性を低下させたりする場合がある。したがって、Al含有量は5.000%以下である。Al含有量は4.500%以下、4.000%以下又は3.500%以下であってもよい。とりわけ、靭性の低下を抑制するという観点からは、Al含有量は1.500%以下、1.000%以下又は0.300%以下であってもよい。
窒素(N)は製造工程で混入する元素であり、本発明の実施形態に係るX元素との間で形成される介在物を低減する観点からは少ないほど好ましく、よってN含有量は0%であってもよい。しかしながら、N含有量を0.0001%未満に低減するためには精錬に時間を要し、生産性の低下を招く。したがって、N含有量は0.0001%以上、0.0005%以上又は0.0010%以上であってもよい。一方で、Nはオーステナイトの安定化に有効な元素でもあり、必要に応じて意図的に含有させてもよい。この場合には、N含有量は0.0100%以上であることが好ましく、0.0200%以上、0.0500%以上であってもよい。しかしながら、Nを過度に含有すると、X元素の有効量が低下するとともに、靭性が低下する場合がある。したがって、N含有量は0.2000%以下である。N含有量は0.1500%以下、0.1000%以下又は0.0800%以下であってもよい。
酸素(O)は製造工程で混入する元素であり、本発明の実施形態に係るX元素との間で形成される介在物を低減する観点からは少ないほど好ましく、よってO含有量は0%であってもよい。しかしながら、O含有量を0.0001%未満に低減するためには精錬に時間を要し、生産性の低下を招く。したがって、O含有量は0.0001%以上、0.0005%以上又は0.0010%以上であってもよい。一方で、Oを過度に含有すると、粗大な介在物が形成され、X元素の有効量が低下するとともに、鋼材の成形性及び/又は靭性が低下する場合がある。したがって、O含有量は0.0100%以下である。O含有量は0.0080%以下、0.0060%以下又は0.0040%以下であってもよい。
本発明の実施形態に係るX元素は、Pr:0~0.8000%、Sm:0~0.8000%、Eu:0~0.8000%、Gd:0~0.8000%、Tb:0~0.8000%、Dy:0~0.8000%、Ho:0~0.8000%、Er:0~0.8000%、Tm:0~0.8000%、Yb:0~0.8000%、Lu:0~0.8000%、及びSc:0~0.8000%であり、プラセオジム(Pr)、サマリウム(Sm)、ユウロピウム(Eu)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、テルビウム(Tb)、ジスプロシウム(Dy)、ホルミウム(Ho)、エルビウム(Er)、ツリウム(Tm)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、ルテチウム(Lu)、及びスカンジウム(Sc)はオーステナイト中に固溶状態で存在することにより再結晶抑制効果を発現することができる。当該再結晶抑制効果を発現することで、比較的高い温度で熱間圧延、特には仕上げ圧延を行った場合においても、最終的に得られる鋼材中の金属組織を微細化することができるため、例えばシャルピー衝撃特性などによって評価される靭性を向上させるとともに、生産性を大幅に改善することが可能となる。
ニオブ(Nb)は、析出強化及び再結晶の抑制等に寄与する元素である。Nb含有量は0%であってもよいが、これらの効果を得るためには、Nb含有量は0.003%以上であることが好ましい。例えば、Nb含有量は0.005%以上又は0.010%以上であってもよい。とりわけ、析出強化を十分に図る観点からは、Nb含有量は1.000%以上又は1.500%以上であってもよい。一方で、Nbを過度に含有すると、効果が飽和し、加工性及び/又は靭性を低下させる場合がある。したがって、Nb含有量は3.000%以下である。Nb含有量は2.800%以下、2.500%以下又は2.000%以下であってもよい。とりわけ、溶接熱影響部(HAZ)の靭性低下を抑制するという観点からは、Nb含有量は0.100%以下であることが好ましく、0.080%以下、0.050%以下又は0.030%以下であってもよい。
チタン(Ti)は、析出強化等により鋼材の強度向上に寄与する元素である。Ti含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Ti含有量は0.005%以上であることが好ましい。Ti含有量は0.010%以上、0.050%以上又は0.080%以上であってもよい。一方で、Tiを過度に含有すると、多量の析出物が生成して靭性を低下させる場合がある。したがって、Ti含有量は0.500%以下である。Ti含有量は0.300%以下、0.200%以下又は0.100%以下であってもよい。
タンタル(Ta)は、炭化物の形態制御と強度の増加に有効な元素である。Ta含有量は0%であってもよいが、これらの効果を得るためには、Ta含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Ta含有量は0.005%以上、0.010%以上又は0.050%以上であってもよい。一方で、Taを過度に含有すると、微細なTa炭化物が多数析出し、鋼材の過度な強度上昇を招き、結果として延性の低下及び冷間加工性を低下させる場合がある。したがって、Ta含有量は0.500%以下である。Ta含有量は、0.300%以下、0.100%以下又は0.080%以下であってもよい。
バナジウム(V)は、析出強化等により鋼材の強度向上に寄与する元素である。V含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、V含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。V含有量は0.01%以上、0.02%以上、0.05%以上又は0.10%以上であってもよい。一方で、Vを過度に含有すると、多量の析出物が生成して靭性を低下させる場合がある。したがって、V含有量は1.00%以下である。V含有量は0.80%以下、0.60%以下又は0.50%以下であってもよい。
銅(Cu)は強度及び/又は耐食性の向上に寄与する元素である。Cu含有量は0%であってもよいが、これらの効果を得るためには、Cu含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Cu含有量は0.01%以上、0.10%以上、0.15%以上、0.20%以上又は0.30%以上であってもよい。一方で、Cuを過度に含有すると、靭性や溶接性の劣化を招く場合がある。したがって、Cu含有量は3.00%以下である。Cu含有量は2.00%以下、1.50%以下、1.00%以下又は0.50%以下であってもよい。
ニッケル(Ni)は強度及び/又は耐熱性の向上に寄与する元素であり、有効なオーステナイト安定化元素でもある。Ni含有量は0%であってもよいが、これらの効果を得るためには、Ni含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Ni含有量は0.01%以上、0.10%以上、0.50%以上、0.70%以上、1.00%以上又は3.00%以上であってもよい。とりわけ、耐熱性を十分に向上させる観点からは、Ni含有量は30.00%以上、35.00%以上又は40.00%以上であってもよい。一方で、Niを過度に含有すると、合金コストの増加に加えて熱間加工時の変形抵抗が増大し、設備負荷が大きくなる場合がある。したがって、Ni含有量は60.00%以下である。Ni含有量は55.00%以下又は50.00%以下であってもよい。とりわけ、経済性の観点及び/又は溶接性の低下を抑制するという観点からは、Ni含有量は15.00%以下、10.00%以下、6.00%以下又は4.00%以下であってもよい。
クロム(Cr)は強度及び/又は耐食性の向上に寄与する元素である。Cr含有量は0%であってもよいが、これらの効果を得るためには、Cr含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Cr含有量は0.01%以上、0.05%以上、0.10%以上又は0.50%以上であってもよい。とりわけ、耐食性を十分に向上させる観点からは、Cr含有量は10.00%以上、12.00%以上又は15.00%以上であってもよい。一方で、Crを過度に含有すると、合金コストの増加に加えて靭性が低下する場合がある。したがって、Cr含有量は30.00%以下である。Cr含有量は28.00%以下、25.00%以下又は20.00%以下であってもよい。とりわけ、溶接性及び/又は加工性の低下を抑制するという観点からは、Cr含有量は10.00%以下、9.00%以下又は7.50%以下であってもよい。
モリブデン(Mo)は鋼の焼入れ性を高め、強度の向上に寄与する元素であり、耐食性の向上にも寄与する元素である。Mo含有量は0%であってもよいが、これらの効果を得るためには、Mo含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Mo含有量は0.01%以上、0.02%以上、0.50%以上又は1.00%以上であってもよい。一方で、Moを過度に含有すると、熱間加工時の変形抵抗が増大し、設備負荷が大きくなる場合がある。したがって、Mo含有量は5.00%以下である。Mo含有量は4.50%以下、4.00%以下、3.00以下又は1.50%以下であってもよい。
タングステン(W)は鋼の焼入れ性を高め、強度の向上に寄与する元素である。W含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、W含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。W含有量は0.01%以上、0.02%以上、0.05%以上、0.10%以上又は0.50%以上であってもよい。一方で、Wを過度に含有すると、延性や溶接性が低下する場合がある。したがって、W含有量は2.00%以下である。W含有量は1.80%以下、1.50%以下又は1.00%以下であってもよい。
ホウ素(B)は強度の向上に寄与する元素である。B含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、B含有量は0.0001%以上であることが好ましい。B含有量は0.0003%以上、0.0005%以上又は0.0007%以上であってもよい。一方で、Bを過度に含有すると、靭性及び/又は溶接性が低下する場合がある。したがって、B含有量は0.0200%以下である。B含有量は0.0100%以下、0.0050%以下、0.0030%以下又は0.0020%以下であってもよい。
コバルト(Co)は焼入れ性及び/又は耐熱性の向上に寄与する元素である。Co含有量は0%であってもよいが、これらの効果を得るためには、Co含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Co含有量は0.01%以上、0.02%以上、0.05%以上、0.10%以上又は0.50%以上であってもよい。一方で、Coを過度に含有すると、熱間加工性が低下する場合があり、原料コストの増加にも繋がる。したがって、Co含有量は3.00%以下である。Co含有量は2.50%以下、2.00%以下、1.50%以下又は0.80%以下であってもよい。
ベリリウム(Be)は、母材の強度の上昇及び組織の微細化に有効な元素である。Be含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Be含有量は0.0003%以上であることが好ましい。Be含有量は0.0005%以上、0.001%以上又は0.010%以上であってもよい。一方で、Beを過度に含有すると、成形性が低下する場合がある。したがって、Be含有量は0.050%以下である。Be含有量は0.040%以下、0.030%以下又は0.020%以下であってもよい。
銀(Ag)は、母材の強度の上昇及び組織の微細化に有効な元素である。Ag含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Ag含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Ag含有量は0.010%以上、0.020%以上、0.030%以上又は0.050%以上であってもよい。一方で、Agを過度に含有すると、成形性が低下する場合がある。したがって、Ag含有量は0.500%以下である。Ag含有量は0.400%以下、0.300%以下又は0.200%以下であってもよい。
ジルコニウム(Zr)は、硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Zr含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Zr含有量は0.0001%以上であることが好ましい。一方で、Zrを過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、それゆえZrを必要以上に鋼材中に含有させることは製造コストの上昇を招く虞がある。したがって、Zr含有量は0.5000%以下である。
ハフニウム(Hf)は、硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Hf含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Hf含有量は0.0001%以上であることが好ましい。一方で、Hfを過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、それゆえHfを必要以上に鋼材中に含有させることは製造コストの上昇を招く虞がある。したがって、Hf含有量は0.5000%以下である。
カルシウム(Ca)は、硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Ca含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Ca含有量は0.0001%以上であることが好ましい。一方で、Caを過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、それゆえCaを必要以上に鋼材中に含有させることは製造コストの上昇を招く虞がある。したがって、Ca含有量は0.0500%以下である。
マグネシウム(Mg)は、硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Mg含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Mg含有量は0.0001%以上であることが好ましい。Mg含有量は0.0015%超、0.0016%以上、0.0018%以上又は0.0020%以上であってもよい。一方で、Mgを過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、粗大な介在物の形成に起因して冷間成形性及び/又は靭性が低下する場合がある。したがって、Mg含有量は0.0500%以下である。Mg含有量は0.0400%以下、0.0300%以下又は0.0200%以下であってもよい。
ランタン(La)、セリウム(Ce)、ネオジム(Nd)、プロメチウム(Pm)及びイットリウム(Y)は、Ca及びMgと同様に硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種の含有量の合計は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには0.0001%以上であることが好ましい。La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種の含有量の合計は0.0002%以上、0.0003%以上又は0.0004%以上であってもよい。一方で、これらの元素を過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、粗大な酸化物等が形成して冷間成形性が低下する場合がある。したがって、La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種の含有量の合計は0.5000%以下であり、0.4000%以下、0.3000%以下又は0.2000%以下であってもよい。
錫(Sn)は耐食性の向上に有効な元素である。Sn含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Sn含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Sn含有量は0.010%以上、0.020%以上、0.030%以上又は0.050%以上であってもよい。一方で、Snを過度に含有すると、靭性、特には低温靭性の低下を招く場合がある。したがって、Sn含有量は0.300%以下である。Sn含有量は0.250%以下、0.200%以下又は0.150%以下であってもよい。
アンチモン(Sb)は、Snと同様に耐食性の向上に有効な元素であり、特にSnと複合して含有させることにより効果を増大させることができる。Sb含有量は0%であってもよいが、耐食性向上の効果を得るためには、Sb含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Sb含有量は0.010%以上、0.020%以上、0.030%以上又は0.050%以上であってもよい。一方で、Sbを過度に含有すると、靭性、特には低温靭性の低下を招く場合がある。したがって、Sb含有量は0.300%以下である。Sb含有量は0.250%以下、0.200%以下又は0.150%以下であってもよい。
テルル(Te)は、MnやSなどと低融点化合物を形成して潤滑効果を高めるため、鋼の被削性を改善するのに有効な元素である。Te含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Te含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Te含有量は0.010%以上、0.020%以上、0.030%以上又は0.040%以上であってもよい。一方で、Teを過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、合金コストの増加を招く。したがって、Te含有量は0.100%以下である。Te含有量は0.090%以下、0.080%以下又は0.070%以下であってもよい。
セレン(Se)は、鋼中に生成するセレン化物が被削材のせん断塑性変形に変化を与え、切りくずが破砕されやすくなるため、鋼の被削性を改善するのに有効な元素である。Se含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Se含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Se含有量は0.010%以上、0.020%以上、0.030%以上又は0.040%以上であってもよい。一方で、Seを過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、合金コストの増加を招く。したがって、Se含有量は0.100%以下である。Se含有量は0.090%以下、0.080%以下又は0.070%以下であってもよい。
ヒ素(As)は、鋼の被削性を改善するのに有効な元素である。As含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、As含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。As含有量は0.005%以上又は0.010%以上であってもよい。一方で、Asを過度に含有すると、熱間加工性が低下する場合がある。したがって、As含有量は0.050%以下である。As含有量は0.040%以下、0.030%以下又は0.020%以下であってもよい。
ビスマス(Bi)は、鋼の被削性を改善するのに有効な元素である。Bi含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Bi含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Bi含有量は0.010%以上、0.020%以上、0.030%以上又は0.050%以上であってもよい。一方で、Biを過度に含有しても効果が飽和し、合金コストの増加を招く。したがって、Bi含有量は0.500%以下である。Bi含有量は0.400%以下、0.300%以下又は0.200%以下であってもよい。
鉛(Pb)は、切削による温度上昇で溶融してクラックの進展を促進するため、鋼の被削性を改善するのに有効な元素である。Pb含有量は0%であってもよいが、このような効果を得るためには、Pb含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Pb含有量は0.010%以上、0.020%以上、0.030%以上又は0.050%以上であってもよい。一方で、Pbを過度に含有すると、熱間加工性が低下する場合がある。したがって、Pb含有量は0.500%以下である。Pb含有量は0.400%以下、0.300%以下又は0.200%以下であってもよい。
本発明の実施形態によれば、Pr、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、及びScからなるX元素の有効量は、下記式1の左辺によって求められ、そしてその値は下記式1を満たすようにする。
0.40[Pr]+0.37[Sm]+0.37[Eu]+0.36[Gd]+0.35[Tb]+0.34[Dy]+0.34[Ho]+0.33[Er]+0.33[Tm]+0.32[Yb]+0.32[Lu]+1.24[Sc]-2.33[O]-3.99[N]-1.74[S] ≧ 0.0003 ・・・式1
ここで、[Pr]、[Sm]、[Eu]、[Gd]、[Tb]、[Dy]、[Ho]、[Er]、[Tm]、[Yb]、[Lu]、[Sc]、[O]、[N]、及び[S]は、各元素の含有量[質量%]であり、元素を含有しない場合は0である。
X元素の有効量[原子%]=Σ(M[Fe]/M[X])×[X]-(M[Fe]/M[O])×[O]×2/3-(M[Fe]/M[N])×[N]-(M[Fe]/M[S])×[S] ・・・式A
ここで、XはPr、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、及びScの各X元素を表し、M[X]はX元素の原子量、M[Fe]はFeの原子量、M[O]はOの原子量、M[N]はNの原子量、M[S]はSの原子量を表し、[X]、[O]、[N]及び[S]は、それぞれ対応する元素の含有量[質量%]であり、元素を含有しない場合は0である。
X元素の有効量[原子%]=Σ(M[Fe]/M[X])×[X]-(M[Fe]/M[O])×[O]×2/3-(M[Fe]/M[N])×[N]-(M[Fe]/M[S])×[S] ・・・式A
有効量=0.40[Pr]+0.37[Sm]+0.37[Eu]+0.36[Gd]+0.35[Tb]+0.34[Dy]+0.34[Ho]+0.33[Er]+0.33[Tm]+0.32[Yb]+0.32[Lu]+1.24[Sc]-2.33[O]-3.99[N]-1.74[S] ・・・式B
ここで、[Pr]、[Sm]、[Eu]、[Gd]、[Tb]、[Dy]、[Ho]、[Er]、[Tm]、[Yb]、[Lu]、[Sc]、[O]、[N]、及び[S]は、各元素の含有量[質量%]であり、元素を含有しない場合は0である。
0.40[Pr]+0.37[Sm]+0.37[Eu]+0.36[Gd]+0.35[Tb]+0.34[Dy]+0.34[Ho]+0.33[Er]+0.33[Tm]+0.32[Yb]+0.32[Lu]+1.24[Sc]-2.33[O]-3.99[N]-1.74[S] ≧ 0.0003 ・・・式1
X元素の有効量は、例えば0.0005%以上又は0.0007%以上であってもよく、好ましくは0.0010%以上、より好ましくは0.0015%以上、さらにより好ましくは0.0030%以上、最も好ましくは0.0050%以上又は0.0100%以上である。また、上記式1からも明らかなように、当該有効量を安定的に確保するためには、鋼中のO、N及びSの含有量を極力低減することが好ましい。ここで、X元素の有効量の上限は特に限定されないが、当該X元素の有効量を過度に増加させても効果が飽和するとともに、製造コストの上昇(X元素の含有量増加に伴う合金コストの上昇及び/又はO、N及びSに関する精錬コストの上昇)を招くことになり必ずしも好ましくない。したがって、X元素の有効量は好ましくは2.0000%以下であり、例えば1.8000%以下、1.5000%以下、1.2000%以下、1.0000%以下又は0.8000%以下であってもよい。
Xs=(σm-σ2)/(σm-σ1)
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、
C:0.001~1.000%、
Si:0.01~3.00%、
Mn:0.10~4.50%、
P:0.300%以下、
S:0.0300%以下、
Al:0.001~5.000%、
N:0.2000%以下、
O:0.0100%以下、
Pr:0~0.8000%、Sm:0~0.8000%、Eu:0~0.8000%、Gd:0~0.8000%、Tb:0~0.8000%、Dy:0~0.8000%、Ho:0~0.8000%、Er:0~0.8000%、Tm:0~0.8000%、Yb:0~0.8000%、Lu:0~0.8000%、及びSc:0~0.8000%からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のX元素、
Nb:0~3.000%、
Ti:0~0.500%、
Ta:0~0.500%、
V:0~1.00%、
Cu:0~3.00%、
Ni:0~60.00%、
Cr:0~30.00%、
Mo:0~5.00%、
W:0~2.00%、
B:0~0.0200%、
Co:0~3.00%、
Be:0~0.050%、
Ag:0~0.500%、
Zr:0~0.5000%、
Hf:0~0.5000%、
Ca:0~0.0500%、
Mg:0~0.0500%、
La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種:合計で0~0.5000%、
Sn:0~0.300%、
Sb:0~0.300%、
Te:0~0.100%、
Se:0~0.100%、
As:0~0.050%、
Bi:0~0.500%、
Pb:0~0.500%、並びに
残部:Fe及び不純物からなり、
下記式1を満たす化学組成を有する、鋼材。
0.40[Pr]+0.37[Sm]+0.37[Eu]+0.36[Gd]+0.35[Tb]+0.34[Dy]+0.34[Ho]+0.33[Er]+0.33[Tm]+0.32[Yb]+0.32[Lu]+1.24[Sc]-2.33[O]-3.99[N]-1.74[S] ≧ 0.0003 ・・・式1
ここで、[Pr]、[Sm]、[Eu]、[Gd]、[Tb]、[Dy]、[Ho]、[Er]、[Tm]、[Yb]、[Lu]、[Sc]、[O]、[N]、及び[S]は、各元素の含有量[質量%]であり、元素を含有しない場合は0である。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Nb:0.003~3.000%、
Ti:0.005~0.500%、
Ta:0.001~0.500%、
V:0.001~1.00%、
Cu:0.001~3.00%、
Ni:0.001~60.00%、
Cr:0.001~30.00%、
Mo:0.001~5.00%、
W:0.001~2.00%、
B:0.0001~0.0200%、
Co:0.001~3.00%、
Be:0.0003~0.050%、及び
Ag:0.001~0.500%
のうち1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の鋼材。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Zr:0.0001~0.5000%、
Hf:0.0001~0.5000%、
Ca:0.0001~0.0500%、
Mg:0.0001~0.0500%、並びに
La、Ce、Nd、Pm及びYの少なくとも1種:合計で0.0001~0.5000%
のうち1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の鋼材。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Sn:0.001~0.300%、及び
Sb:0.001~0.300%
のうち1種又は2種を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の鋼材。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Te:0.001~0.100%、
Se:0.001~0.100%、
As:0.001~0.050%、
Bi:0.001~0.500%、及び
Pb:0.001~0.500%
のうち1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の鋼材。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21914923.4A EP4269642A4 (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-07 | STEEL MATERIAL |
KR1020237020768A KR20230110325A (ko) | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-07 | 강재 |
JP2022572887A JPWO2022145061A1 (ja) | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-07 | |
CN202180087857.XA CN116745450A (zh) | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-07 | 钢材 |
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WO2024075761A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-06 | 2024-04-11 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
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CN117418167B (zh) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-06-04 | 江苏康耐特精密机械有限公司 | 一种高洁净精密金属材料及其制备方法 |
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JPS63235431A (ja) | 1987-03-24 | 1988-09-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | 強度、靭性に優れ音響異方性の小さい鋼板の製造法 |
JPS63235430A (ja) | 1987-03-24 | 1988-09-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | 靭性、溶接性に優れた調質高張力鋼材の製造法 |
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- 2021-04-07 KR KR1020237020768A patent/KR20230110325A/ko unknown
- 2021-04-07 WO PCT/JP2021/014738 patent/WO2022145061A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-04-07 CN CN202180087857.XA patent/CN116745450A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-07 EP EP21914923.4A patent/EP4269642A4/en active Pending
- 2021-04-07 JP JP2022572887A patent/JPWO2022145061A1/ja active Pending
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Cited By (2)
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WO2024075761A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-06 | 2024-04-11 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
JP7486013B1 (ja) | 2022-10-06 | 2024-05-17 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 二相ステンレス鋼材 |
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JPWO2022145061A1 (ja) | 2022-07-07 |
EP4269642A4 (en) | 2024-06-19 |
KR20230110325A (ko) | 2023-07-21 |
EP4269642A1 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
CN116745450A (zh) | 2023-09-12 |
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