WO2022137689A1 - 電源装置 - Google Patents
電源装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022137689A1 WO2022137689A1 PCT/JP2021/035287 JP2021035287W WO2022137689A1 WO 2022137689 A1 WO2022137689 A1 WO 2022137689A1 JP 2021035287 W JP2021035287 W JP 2021035287W WO 2022137689 A1 WO2022137689 A1 WO 2022137689A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power supply
- voltage
- battery pack
- circuit
- discharge
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 nickel hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/16—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
- H02J7/24—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02J7/243—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with on/off action
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply device.
- the uninterruptible power supply has a power supply device that supplies power from a precharged secondary battery to the load device, and when the power supply from the external power source to the load device is stopped due to a power failure or the like, the load device is not stopped. Supply power.
- the secondary battery of the uninterruptible power supply is charged with the electric power supplied from the external power source during normal operation.
- an alkaline secondary battery such as a nickel hydrogen secondary battery is known.
- alkaline secondary batteries need to be charged at a voltage higher than the outputable voltage.
- an uninterruptible power supply it is common to always connect a battery to a power line that supplies power to the load device. Therefore, the terminal voltage of the battery is restricted by the outputable voltage, that is, the voltage of the load device even during charging, and is not fully charged. As a result, the amount of power that can be discharged is lower than the original battery capacity.
- the uninterruptible power supply supplies power from the battery to the load device when a power failure occurs, it is essential to detect the power failure state, connect the switch to the connected state, and connect the battery to the power supply line.
- the output voltage of the battery becomes higher than the upper limit of the allowable voltage of the load device immediately after full charge, and the battery is temporarily connected to the load device. May be in a state where it cannot be done.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of switching a power source that efficiently controls electric power in a power control device in which an external power supply and a power storage device are connected to one load device.
- the switch connection signal is transmitted after making various judgments, and it takes time to switch the switch connection state. Therefore, the load device may stop before the battery supplies power to the load device. There is.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to charge an alkaline secondary battery to a fully charged state to secure an amount of electric power that can be discharged, and to detect the occurrence of a power failure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power supply device capable of instantaneously starting discharging from an alkaline secondary battery to a load device.
- the embodiments of the power supply device of the present disclosure include a power supply line for supplying power from an external power source to the load device, and a battery unit connected to the power supply line and connected in parallel with the external power supply, wherein the battery unit has a charging voltage.
- the battery pack has a voltage higher than the voltage of the external power supply, the buck-boost circuit that boosts the voltage of the external power supply to the charging voltage of the battery pack, the charging circuit that charges the battery pack with the charging voltage, and the voltage drop of the external power supply. It is equipped with a discharge circuit that detects and discharges from the battery pack to the load device through the power supply line, and a control circuit that controls the charging circuit and the discharge circuit.
- the discharge circuit is connected in series between the battery pack and the power supply line.
- the first discharge switch has a first discharge switch and a second discharge switch, the first discharge switch is switched on / off by receiving a changeover signal from the control circuit, and the second discharge switch is an external power supply without passing through the control circuit. It has the feature that it can be switched on / off directly based on the voltage.
- the alkaline secondary battery is charged to a fully charged state to secure the amount of electric power that can be discharged, and the occurrence of a power failure is detected to instantly discharge the alkaline secondary battery to the load device.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a part of the power supply device of one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart when the power supply device of one embodiment is operated as an uninterruptible power supply.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment.
- the power supply device 1 includes a power supply line 4 that supplies electric power from the external power supply 2 to the load device 3.
- a battery unit 10 is connected to the power supply line 4, and the battery unit 10 is connected in parallel with the external power supply 2. With this configuration, it is possible to supply electric power from the external power source 2 to the load device 3 normally, and to supply electric power from the battery unit 10 to the load device 3 when the supply from the external power source 2 is stopped.
- the input / output terminals 5 may be provided in the battery unit 10, and power may be supplied between the power supply line 4 and the battery unit 10 through the input / output terminals 5.
- the battery unit 10 includes a first battery pack 11, a buck-boost circuit 12, a first charging circuit 13, a first discharging circuit 14, and a control circuit 15.
- the external power supply 2 can charge the first battery pack 11 through the power supply line 4. Further, the first battery pack 11 can supply electric power to the load device 3 by discharging to the power supply line 4.
- the first charging circuit 13 and the first discharging circuit 14 are connected in parallel between the power supply line 4 and the first battery pack 11.
- a buck-boost circuit 12 is further connected in series between the power supply line 4 and the first charging circuit 13.
- the control circuit 15 constantly keeps track of the internal state of the battery unit 10 based on the voltage and input / output current of the power supply line 4, the voltage, current, temperature, and other necessary information when the first battery pack 11 is charged and discharged. While monitoring, the operation of the buck-boost circuit 12, the first charging circuit 13, and the first discharging circuit 14 is controlled.
- the battery unit 10 includes a second battery pack 21, a second charging circuit 23, and a second discharging circuit 24.
- the external power supply 2 can charge the second battery pack 21 through the power supply line 4.
- the second battery pack 21 can supply electric power to the load device 3 by discharging to the power supply line 4.
- the second battery pack 21 and the first battery pack 11 are connected in parallel to the power supply line 4, and discharge to the power supply line 4 is performed from either the first battery pack 11 or the second battery pack 21. , Or both can be done at the same time.
- a second charging circuit 23 and a second discharging circuit 24 are connected in parallel between the power supply line 4 and the second battery pack 21.
- a buck-boost circuit 12 is further connected in series between the power supply line 4 and the second charging circuit 23.
- the control circuit 15 constantly monitors the internal status of the battery unit 10 based on the voltage and input / output current of the power supply line 4, the voltage, current, temperature, and other necessary information when the second battery pack 21 is charged and discharged. At the same time, the operation of the second charging circuit 23 and the second discharging circuit 24 is controlled.
- the power supply to the power supply line 4 is performed by switching between the external power supply 2 and one or both of the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21. Therefore, the supply voltage from the external power supply 2 and the output voltage from the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21 are set to be about the same.
- the charging voltage of the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21 composed of the secondary battery needs to be higher than the output voltage at the time of discharging. Therefore, when charging the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21, the voltage supplied from the external power supply 2 to the power supply line 4 is applied to the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21 by using the step-up / down circuit 12. Boosts to the charging voltage of.
- the first charging circuit 13 charges the first battery pack 11 with the boosted voltage.
- the second charging circuit 23 charges the second battery pack 21 with the boosted voltage.
- the first discharge circuit 14 detects a stoppage of power supply from the external power supply 2, that is, a voltage drop in the power supply line 4, connects the first battery pack 11 to the power supply line 4, and supplies power to the load device 3. Can be supplied.
- the second discharge circuit 24 detects that the power supply from the external power supply 2 is stopped, that is, the voltage drop of the power supply line 4, connects the second battery pack 21 to the power supply line 4, and connects the second battery pack 21 to the load device 3. It can supply power.
- the buck-boost circuit 12 is composed of, for example, a DC / DC converter, and boosts the voltage Vin supplied from the external power supply 2 to the charging voltage V1 for charging the first battery pack 11.
- the first charging circuit 13 includes a first charging switch 19 and a diode element D11 that limits the current direction. At the time of charging, the first charging switch 19 is turned on, and the charging voltage V1 supplied from the buck-boost circuit 12 is applied to the first battery pack 11. When charging is not performed, the first charging switch 19 is turned off, and the path from the power supply line 4 via the first charging circuit 13 to the first battery pack 11 is opened.
- the second charging circuit 23 includes a second charging switch 29 and a diode element D12 that limits the current direction.
- the second charging switch 29 is turned on, and the charging voltage V1 supplied from the buck-boost circuit 12 is applied to the second battery pack 21.
- the second charging switch 29 is turned off, and the path from the power supply line 4 via the second charging circuit 23 to the second battery pack 21 is opened.
- the first discharge circuit 14 has a first discharge switch 16 and a second discharge switch 17, which, together with a diode element D21 limiting the current direction, are between the first battery pack 11 and the power supply line 4. They are connected in series. Therefore, when both the first discharge switch 16 and the second discharge switch 17 are in the ON state, the first battery pack 11 is connected to the power supply line 4, and power is supplied from the first battery pack 11 to the load device 3. ..
- the first discharge switch 16 is switched on / off by receiving a switching signal from the control circuit 15.
- the second discharge switch 17 is directly switched on / off based on the voltage of the power supply line 4 without passing through the control circuit 15.
- the second discharge switch 17 detects that the voltage of the power supply line 4 drops below a predetermined voltage, that is, the external power supply 2 is in a power failure state, and is switched on.
- the second discharge circuit 24 has a third discharge switch 26 and a fourth discharge switch 27, which, together with a diode element D22 limiting the current direction, are between the first battery pack 11 and the power supply line 4. They are connected in series. Therefore, when both the third discharge switch 26 and the fourth discharge switch 27 are in the ON state, the second battery pack 21 is connected to the power supply line 4, and power is supplied from the second battery pack 21 to the load device 3. ..
- the third discharge switch 26 is switched on / off by receiving a switching signal from the control circuit 15.
- the fourth discharge switch 27 is directly switched on / off based on the voltage of the external power supply 2 without passing through the control circuit 15.
- the fourth discharge switch 27 detects when the voltage of the power supply line 4 drops below a predetermined voltage, that is, the external power supply 2 is in a power failure state, and is switched on.
- a switch is connected in parallel to the diode element D21, and when discharging from the first battery pack 11, this switch is turned on to short-circuit between the terminals of the diode element D21, so that the forward voltage of the diode element D21 is obtained. It is possible to avoid a drop in the supply voltage to the power supply line 4 due to the drop.
- a switch is connected in parallel to the diode element D22, and when discharging from the second battery pack 21, this switch is turned on to short-circuit the terminals of the diode element D22 in order of the diode element D22. It is possible to avoid a drop in the supply voltage to the power supply line 4 due to a voltage drop in the direction.
- the control circuit 15 controls the on / off switching of these switches.
- the control circuit 15 monitors the first output voltage Vbat1 of the first battery pack 11 and holds the first discharge switch 16 in the on state when the first output voltage Vbat1 of the first battery pack 11 is in the dischargeable range. By doing so, the battery unit 10 is in a dischargeable state. Further, when the first output voltage Vbat1 is out of the dischargeable range, the first discharge switch 16 can be held in the off state to put the battery unit 10 in the discharge prohibition state.
- control circuit 15 monitors the second output voltage Vbat2 of the second battery pack 21 and turns on the third discharge switch 26 when the second output voltage Vbat2 of the second battery pack 21 is in the dischargeable range. By holding the battery unit 10 in the state, the battery unit 10 can be discharged. Further, when the second output voltage Vbat2 is out of the dischargeable range, the third discharge switch 26 can be held in the off state to put the battery unit 10 in the discharge prohibition state.
- the dischargeable range is the operable voltage range of the load device 3.
- the lower limit of the voltage is defined by the discharge end voltage of the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21.
- the discharge end voltage is generally defined as a lower limit value of the discharge voltage that enables safe discharge in a secondary battery without damaging the internal structure of the battery.
- a nickel-metal hydride battery can be used as the secondary battery constituting the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21.
- the nickel-metal hydride battery has a wide output voltage range, and when the discharge end voltage of the battery is set as the lower limit of the operable voltage range of the load device 3, the first output voltage Vbat1 and the second output voltage Vbat2 immediately after full charge are set. It may be higher than the upper limit of the allowable operating voltage of the load device 3. In this case, in order to avoid damage to the load device 3 due to the application of an overvoltage, the upper limit of the dischargeable range of the battery unit 10 is defined by the upper limit of the allowable voltage of the load device 3.
- the first battery pack 11 is even after the first battery pack 11 reaches full charge.
- the first discharge switch 16 can be continuously turned off until the first output voltage Vbat1 of the above is lowered to the operation allowable voltage range of the load device 3, and the discharge prohibited state of the battery unit 10 can be maintained.
- the first voltage drop circuit 18 can be installed between the second discharge switch 17 of the first discharge circuit 14 and the power supply line 4. In this case, the voltage output from the battery unit 10 to the power supply line 4 is lower than the actual first output voltage Vbat1 of the first battery pack 11 by a predetermined voltage by the first voltage drop circuit 18. By inserting this drop circuit, the upper limit of the dischargeable range of the battery unit 10 can be increased by a predetermined voltage to be lowered by the first voltage drop circuit 18. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the period during which the battery unit 10 is prohibited from discharging after the first battery pack 11 is fully charged.
- the first voltage drop circuit 18 can be configured by connecting a diode element in the forward direction from the first battery pack 11 toward the power supply line 4. For example, when a PN junction type diode is used, the voltage drops according to the built-in potential of the diode. This voltage drop is approximately 0.6V to 0.7V. In this configuration, the value at which the voltage drops can be adjusted by the number of diodes connected in series. Further, a switch is connected in parallel to the diode element of the first voltage drop circuit 18, and when the voltage drop function is not used, the switch can be turned on to short-circuit the terminals of the diode element.
- the second battery pack 21 when the second output voltage Vbat2 immediately after full charge is higher than the upper limit of the allowable operating voltage of the load device 3, even after the second battery pack 21 reaches full charge, the second battery pack 21 The discharge prohibition state of the battery unit 10 can be maintained by continuing the off state of the third discharge switch 26 until the second output voltage Vbat 2 drops to the operation allowable voltage range of the load device 3.
- a second voltage drop circuit 28 can be installed between the fourth discharge switch 27 of the second discharge circuit 24 and the power supply line 4.
- the voltage output from the battery unit 10 to the power supply line 4 is lowered by a predetermined voltage by the second voltage drop circuit 28 than the actual second output voltage Vbat2 of the second battery pack 21.
- the upper limit of the dischargeable range of the battery unit 10 can be increased by a predetermined voltage to be lowered by the second voltage drop circuit 28. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the period during which the battery unit 10 is prohibited from discharging after the second battery pack 21 is fully charged.
- the second voltage drop circuit 28 can be configured by connecting the diode element in the forward direction from the second battery pack 21 toward the power supply line 4. For example, when a PN junction type diode is used, the voltage drops according to the built-in potential of the diode. This voltage drop is approximately 0.6V to 0.7V. In this configuration, the value at which the voltage drops can be adjusted by the number of diodes connected in series. Further, a switch is connected in parallel to the diode element of the second voltage drop circuit 28, and when the voltage drop function is not used, the switch can be turned on to short-circuit the terminals of the diode element.
- first voltage drop circuit 18 and the second voltage drop circuit 28 may be configured by a field effect transistor. Further, it may be configured by a well-known voltage dividing circuit composed of a resistance element.
- the first discharge switch 16 of the first discharge circuit 14 when the first battery pack 11 is charged, the first discharge switch 16 of the first discharge circuit 14 is held in an off state, and the first battery pack 11 is connected to the power supply line 4. The discharge path to reach is open. Further, when the second battery pack 21 is charged, the third discharge switch 26 of the second discharge circuit 24 is held in the off state, and the discharge path from the second battery pack 21 to the power supply line 4 is opened.
- the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21 can be charged to a fully charged state without the charging voltage being restricted by the set voltage of the power supply line 4. As a result, it is possible to secure the amount of discharge power corresponding to the battery capacity of each of the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21.
- the battery unit 10 is held in the dischargeable state by holding the first discharge switch 16 in the on state.
- the drive circuit 20 instantly responds to the voltage drop to switch the second discharge switch 17 to the on state, and immediately discharges from the first battery pack 11 to the power supply line 4. Then, power is supplied to the load device 3.
- the battery unit 10 is held in the dischargeable state by holding the third discharge switch 26 in the on state.
- the drive circuit 20 instantly responds to the voltage drop to switch the fourth discharge switch 27 to the on state, and immediately discharges from the second battery pack 21 to the power supply line 4. Then, power is supplied to the load device 3.
- the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21 are charged to a fully charged state to secure the amount of electric power that can be discharged, and at the same time, the occurrence of a power failure is detected and the first is instantly performed. 1 It is possible to provide a power supply device 1 capable of initiating discharge from the battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21 to the load device 3.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a detailed circuit diagram of the first charging circuit 13 and the first discharging circuit 14.
- the first charging switch 19 of the first charging circuit 13 is composed of an insulated gate type field effect transistor CQ1.
- the first charging switch 19 of the first charging circuit 13 is turned on when charging the first battery pack 11, and is fixed to the off state otherwise.
- the buck-boost circuit 12 When charging the first battery pack 11, first, the buck-boost circuit 12 is activated to output the charging voltage required for charging. Then, a charge permission signal is supplied from the CQ2 terminal of the control circuit 15 to the gate electrode of the first charge switch 19, and the first charge switch 19 is switched to the on state. Therefore, the charging voltage output from the buck-boost circuit 12 is applied to the first battery pack 11, and charging is started.
- the first charging circuit 13 may have a resistance element R connected in series. By setting the circuit constant of the first charging circuit 13 including the resistance element R, the charging current can be defined and constant current charging can be performed.
- a charge prohibition signal is supplied from the CQ2 terminal of the control circuit 15 to the gate electrode of the first charge switch 19, so that the first charge switch 19 is activated. It is switched to the off state, and the application of the charging voltage to the first battery pack 11 is stopped.
- the completion of charging can be determined, for example, by monitoring the terminal voltage of the first battery pack 11.
- Each of the first discharge switch 16 and the second discharge switch 17 of the first discharge circuit 14 may be composed of insulated gate type field effect transistors DQ1 and DQ2.
- the gate electrode of the first discharge switch 16 is driven by a switching signal supplied from the DQ1 terminal of the control circuit 15.
- the control circuit 15 constantly monitors various parameters such as the output voltage and temperature of the first battery pack 11.
- the first output voltage Vbat1 of the first battery pack 11 is in the dischargeable range, that is, when the load device 3 is in the operable voltage range
- the first discharge switch 16 is turned on from the DQ1 terminal of the control circuit 15.
- a signal is supplied and the first discharge switch 16 is held in the on state.
- the first output voltage Vbat1 is out of the dischargeable range, that is, when the load device 3 is out of the operable voltage range
- a signal for turning off the first discharge switch 16 is sent from the DQ1 terminal of the control circuit 15. Supplyed, the first discharge switch 16 is held in the off state.
- a drive circuit 20 that operates in response to a voltage supplied from the external power supply 2 to the power supply line 4 is connected to the gate electrode of the second discharge switch 17.
- the second discharge switch 17 is held in the off state while the power is supplied from the external power source 2 at a predetermined voltage.
- the drive circuit 20 detects a voltage drop of the external power supply 2, that is, a voltage drop of the power supply line 4, the drive circuit 20 responds instantaneously to switch the gate electrode of the second discharge switch 17 to the on state.
- the first charging circuit 13 and the first discharging circuit 14 can be configured by the circuit diagram shown in FIG. Further, although omitted in FIG. 2, the second charging circuit 23 and the second discharging circuit 24 also have the same circuit operation as the first charging circuit 13 and the first discharging circuit 14, respectively. Can be done.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing an example of a charging / discharging procedure when the power supply device 1 of one embodiment is operated as an uninterruptible power supply.
- the first discharge switch 16 is SW1
- the second discharge switch 17 is SW2
- the third discharge switch 26 is SW3
- the fourth discharge switch 27 is SW4
- the first charge switch 19 is SW5
- the second charge switch 29 is. It is described as SW6.
- the dischargeable state means a state in which the power of the load device 3 can be immediately supplied from the battery unit via the power supply line 4 when the power supply from the external power supply 2 is stopped. Therefore, in the dischargeable state, the first discharge switch 16: SW1 and the third discharge switch 26: SW3 are held in the on state, respectively.
- both the second discharge switch 17: SW2 and the fourth discharge switch 27: SW4 are in a power failure detection waiting state.
- the notation of ON / OFF in FIG. 3 means that the external power supply 2 is kept in the OFF state while operating, and when the external power supply 2 fails, that is, the voltage of the power supply line 4 falls below a predetermined voltage. It indicates that it switches to the on state when it detects.
- both the second discharge switch 17: SW2 and the fourth discharge switch 27: SW4 are always in a power failure detection waiting state in order to perform uninterruptible operation, but there is a special reason.
- Charging is continued, for example, when the second output voltage Vbat2 of the second battery pack 21 reaches the upper limit of the operable voltage of the load device 3 (at the time of T1), some switches are switched.
- the second battery pack 21 is not fully charged, but the second charging switch 29: SW6 is switched to the off state and charging is temporarily stopped. Since the third discharge switch 26: SW3 of the second discharge circuit 24 is in the ON state and the fourth discharge switch 27: SW4 is still in the power failure detection waiting state, the dischargeable state is maintained.
- the fourth discharge switch 27: SW4 of the second discharge circuit 24 of the second battery pack 21 detects the voltage drop of the power supply line 4 and instantly switches to the on state. , Power is supplied from the second battery pack 21 to the power supply line 4 via the second discharge circuit 24, and the operation of the load device 3 is continued.
- the uninterruptible operation of the power supply device 1 can be realized by always holding the second battery pack 21 in the dischargeable state while the first battery pack 11 is in the discharge prohibited state.
- the first voltage drop circuit 18 can be used in the operation of this section.
- the first voltage drop circuit 18 can supply the power supply line 4 by lowering the voltage of the first output voltage Vbat1 of the first battery pack 11, for example. Therefore, even if the first output voltage Vbat1 exceeds the upper limit of the operable voltage of the load device 3, if the excess amount is within the voltage drop range in the first voltage drop circuit 18, the first voltage drop circuit 18 is available.
- 1 Discharge switch 16 With the SW1 turned on, the dischargeable state of the first battery pack 11 can be continued.
- the first charge switch 19: SW5 is switched to the off state to stop charging.
- each switch of the second battery pack 21 continues to be in a dischargeable state without being switched.
- the first output voltage Vbat1 gradually decreases due to self-discharge.
- a load circuit may be provided inside the first battery pack 11 for discharging. By discharging through the load circuit, it is possible to accelerate the decrease of the first output voltage Vbat1 of the first battery pack 11 and reduce it within the operable range of the load device 3 at an early stage.
- the first battery pack 11 is already in a dischargeable state
- the second battery pack 21 can start charging the second battery pack 21 by switching the second charging switch 29: SW6 to the on state at an arbitrary timing. be.
- the second charging switch 29: SW6 of the second charging circuit 23 is switched to the on state to start charging the second battery pack 21.
- the third discharge switch 26: SW3 of the second discharge circuit 24 is turned on while the second output voltage Vbat2 of the second battery pack 21 is within the operable range of the load device 3. As it is, the second battery pack 21 may continue to be in a dischargeable state.
- the second output voltage Vbat2 of the second battery pack 21 exceeds the upper limit of the operable voltage of the load device 3 even if the voltage is dropped by the second voltage drop circuit 28, so that the second discharge circuit
- the third discharge switch 26 of 24: SW3 is turned off and the second battery pack 21 is put into a discharge prohibition state.
- the operation of the first battery pack 11 in this section is the same as the operation of the second battery pack 21 in the sections T2 to T3, and the operation of the second battery pack 21 in this section is the operation of the first battery pack 21 in the sections T2 to T3. It is the same as the operation of 11.
- the two battery packs that is, the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 21 are connected in parallel and operated in a complementary manner, and one of them is always in a dischargeable state, so that there is no complete uninterruptible power. It is possible to provide a power supply device 1 capable of power failure operation.
- a nickel hydrogen battery may be used as the secondary battery.
- a general nickel-metal hydride battery requires at least about 1.6V as a charging voltage, and the output voltage immediately after being fully charged is about 1.5V to 1.55V.
- the voltage drops sharply, and by discharging a small part of the battery capacity, the voltage drops to about 1.2 V, which is the nominal voltage.
- the discharge is continued while maintaining the voltage around 1.2V, which is the nominal voltage, and the voltage drops sharply when the capacity of the battery decreases.
- approximately 1.0 V is specified as the discharge end voltage, and it is necessary to stop the discharge at that voltage.
- the battery unit 10 of the power supply device 1 of the present disclosure for example, a 48V lead-acid battery device can be used.
- the nominal voltage becomes 48 V, and the output voltage at the time of discharge can be made compatible between the lead-acid battery and the nickel-metal hydride battery.
- the charging voltage of the 48V lead-acid battery device is, for example, 54.4V. Therefore, the upper limit of the supply voltage of the power supply line 4 is about 54.4V.
- the charging voltage of 40 series nickel-metal hydride batteries needs to be about 64V.
- the buck-boost circuit 12 of the present disclosure can charge 40 series of nickel-metal hydride batteries to a fully charged state by boosting the charging voltage of 54.4V, which is suitable for lead-acid batteries, to 64V.
- the output voltage of 40 series nickel-metal hydride batteries immediately after full charge is about 60V-62V.
- the voltage of the power supply line 4 is usually 54.4V, and when the upper limit is set to, for example, about 56V-57V, the output voltage immediately after full charge of the 40 series nickel-metal hydride batteries is the upper limit of the power supply line 4. That is, the upper limit of the allowable voltage of the load device 3 is exceeded. Therefore, in that state, power cannot be supplied from the battery to the power supply line 4.
- the first discharge circuit 14 of the present disclosure prohibits the supply of electric power from the first battery pack 11 to the power supply line 4 when the load device 3 is out of the operable voltage range. : Has SW1. Therefore, while the output voltage of the 40 series nickel-metal hydride batteries exceeds the upper limit of the power supply line 4, it is possible to control so that the power is not supplied from the first battery pack 11 to the power supply line 4.
- the power supply device 1 of the present disclosure can be made compatible with the battery unit made of a lead storage battery device and the battery unit made of a nickel hydrogen secondary battery.
- the lead-acid battery device is not limited to the 48V system, and for example, a battery unit made of a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery that is similarly compatible with the 24V system and the 12V system can be configured.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
停止中の電源装置1では、第1電池パック11および第2電池パック21に電源が接続されておらず、自己放電により充電量が低下している。したがって、電源投入時には、第1電池パック11の第1充電スイッチ19:SW5をオン状態にして第1電池パック11の充電を行い、並行して第2電池パック21の第2充電スイッチ29:SW6をオン状態にして第2電池パック21の充電も行う。
T1の時点で、第2充電スイッチ29:SW6がオフ状態に切り替えられ第2電池パック21の充電が停止される。一方、第1電池パック11の充電は継続される。そして、第1出力電圧Vbat1が負荷装置3の動作可能な電圧の上限値を超えているため、第1放電スイッチ16:SW1をオフ状態に切り替えて、第1電池パック11を放電禁止状態に変更する。
T2の時点では、第1電圧降下回路18を使用して電圧を下げても、第1電池パック11の第1出力電圧Vbat1が負荷装置3の動作可能な電圧の上限値を上回るため、第1放電スイッチ16:SW1をオフ状態に切り替えて、第1電池パック11を放電禁止状態にしなければならない。一方、第2電池パック21の第3放電スイッチ26:SW3は、この区間においても引き続きオン状態であり、第2電池パック21は継続して放電可能状態である。
T3の時点で、第1電池パック11の第1電池パック11の充電は停止したものの、第1電池パック11の第1出力電圧Vbat1が負荷装置3の動作可能な電圧の上限値を超えているため、第1放電回路14の第1放電スイッチ16:SW1はオフ状態を維持して、放電禁止状態が継続される。第1電池パック11の放電禁止状態が継続されるため、もう一方の第2電池パック21の第3放電スイッチ26:SW3のオフ状態も維持され、放電可能状態を継続する。
T4~T6の区間では、T1~T2の区間と同様に、第1電圧降下回路18を使用することで、第1電池パック11の第1出力電圧Vbat1を負荷装置3の動作可能な範囲内まで電圧を低下させ得る。したがって、第1放電回路14の第1放電スイッチ16:SW1をオン状態に切り替えて、第1電池パック11を放電可能状態に切り替えてよい。
T6の時点から、第2電池パック21の第2出力電圧Vbat2が、負荷装置3の動作可能な電圧の上限値を上回るため、第2電圧降下回路28を使用しない場合は、第2放電回路24の第3放電スイッチ26:SW3をオフ状態に切り替えて、第2電池パック21を放電禁止状態にする。第2電圧降下回路28を使用する場合は、第3放電スイッチ26:SW3をオフ状態に切り替えるタイミングを、T7の時点まで延期可能である。T7を越えると、第2電池パック21の第2出力電圧Vbat2が、第2電圧降下回路28により電圧降下しても、負荷装置3の動作可能な電圧の上限値を上回るので、第2放電回路24の第3放電スイッチ26:SW3をオフ状態にして第2電池パック21を放電禁止状態にする。
この区間の第1電池パック11の動作は、区間T2~T3~T4~T6の第2電池パック21と同一であり、この区間の第2電池パック21の動作は、区間T2~T3~T4~T6の第1電池パック11と同一である。
本開示では、2次電池として、例えば、ニッケル水素電池を使用し得る。一般的なニッケル水素電池は、充電電圧として少なくとも約1.6Vが必要であり、満充電直後の出力電圧は概ね1.5V~1.55V程度である。そして、満充電状態から放電を開始した直後は急激に電圧が低下し、電池容量のごく一部を放電することで公称電圧である1.2V程度まで低下する。それ以降は、公称電圧である1.2V付近の電圧を維持しながら放電を継続し、電池の容量が少なくなると急激に電圧が低下する。そして、過放電による電池の損傷を回避するために、概ね1.0Vが放電終止電圧として規定されており、その電圧で、放電を停止させる必要がある。
2 外部電源
3 負荷装置
4 電源ライン
5 入出力端子
10 電池ユニット
11 第1電池パック
12 昇降圧回路
13 第1充電回路
14 第1放電回路
15 制御回路
16 第1放電スイッチ
17 第2放電スイッチ
18 第1電圧降下回路
19 第1充電スイッチ
20 駆動回路
21 第2電池パック
23 第2充電回路
24 第2放電回路
26 第3放電スイッチ
27 第4放電スイッチ
28 第2電圧降下回路
29 第2充電スイッチ
V1 充電電圧
Vin 電圧
Vbat1 第1出力電圧
Vbat2 第2出力電圧
Claims (13)
- 外部電源から負荷装置へ電力を供給する電源ラインと、前記電源ラインに接続され、前記外部電源と並列接続される電池ユニットと、を含む電源装置であって、
前記電池ユニットは、充電電圧が前記外部電源の電圧よりも高い電圧である電池パックと、前記外部電源の電圧を前記電池パックの前記充電電圧まで昇圧する昇降圧回路と、前記充電電圧で前記電池パックを充電する充電回路と、前記外部電源の電圧降下を検出して前記電源ラインを通じて前記電池パックから前記負荷装置へ放電する放電回路と、前記充電回路および前記放電回路を制御する制御回路と、を備え、
前記放電回路は、前記電池パックと前記電源ラインの間に直列に接続された第1放電スイッチおよび第2放電スイッチを有し、前記第1放電スイッチは前記制御回路から切り替え信号を受信することでオン/オフが切り替えられ、前記第2放電スイッチは前記制御回路を通さずに前記外部電源の前記電圧に基づいて直接オン/オフが切り替えられる、電源装置。 - 前記第2放電スイッチは、前記外部電源の前記電圧が所定の電圧以下に降下したときにオンに切り替わる、請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記制御回路は、前記電池パックの出力電圧を監視し、前記電池パックの前記出力電圧が放電可能範囲にあるときは前記第1放電スイッチをオン状態とすることで前記電池ユニットを放電可能状態とし、前記出力電圧が前記放電可能範囲から外れているときは前記第1放電スイッチをオフ状態とすることで前記電池ユニットを放電禁止状態とする、請求項1または2に記載の電源装置。
- 前記電池パックの前記出力電圧の前記放電可能範囲の下限値が前記電池パックの放電終止電圧で画定され、前記放電可能範囲の上限値が前記負荷装置の許容電圧の上限値で画定される、請求項3に記載の電源装置。
- 前記電池パックの満充電状態の出力電圧は、前記負荷装置の前記許容電圧の上限値よりも高い、請求項4に記載の電源装置。
- 前記制御回路は、前記電池パックを満充電状態まで充電し、前記満充電状態まで達した後、前記電池パックの出力電圧が前記放電可能範囲に低下するまでの間は、前記第1放電スイッチをオフ状態として前記電池ユニットの前記放電禁止状態を維持する、前記請求項3から5までのいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
- 前記放電回路は、前記電源ラインと前記第2放電スイッチとの間に接続された電圧降下回路を更に有し、前記電圧降下回路は、前記電池パックの出力電圧を所定の電圧だけ低下させて前記電源ラインに出力する、請求項3から6までのいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
- 前記電圧降下回路は、ダイオードまたはトランジスタにより構成される、請求項7に記載の電源装置。
- 前記電圧降下回路は、抵抗素子により構成される、請求項7に記載の電源装置。
- 前記放電可能範囲の上限値は、前記電圧降下回路により低下する前記所定の電圧の分だけ高くなる、請求項7から9までのいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
- 前記第1放電スイッチおよび前記第2放電スイッチの各々は絶縁ゲート型電界効果トランジスタからなり、前記第1放電スイッチのゲート電極は前記制御回路からの前記切り替え信号で駆動され、前記第2放電スイッチのゲート電極は前記外部電源の電圧降下に瞬時に応答する駆動回路により駆動される、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
- 前記電池ユニットは、前記電源ラインに前記電池パックと並列に接続された第2電池パックと、前記充電電圧で前記第2電池パックを充電する第2充電回路と、前記外部電源の電圧降下を検出して前記電源ラインを通じて前記第2電池パックから前記負荷装置へ放電する第2放電回路と、をさらに備え、
前記第2充電回路および前記第2放電回路は前記制御回路により制御され、
前記第2放電回路は、前記第2電池パックと前記電源ラインの間に直列に接続された第3放電スイッチおよび第4放電スイッチを有し、前記第3放電スイッチは前記制御回路から切り替え信号を受信することでオン/オフが切り替えられ、前記第4放電スイッチは前記制御回路を通さずに前記外部電源の前記電圧に基づいて直接オン/オフが切り替えられる、請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記電池パックおよび前記第2電池パックの少なくとも一方は、放電可能状態である、請求項12に記載の電源装置。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/268,507 US20240055886A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-09-27 | Power supply device |
CA3205665A CA3205665A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-09-27 | Power supply device |
EP21909847.2A EP4266539A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-09-27 | Power supply device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020-210903 | 2020-12-21 | ||
JP2020210903A JP2022097773A (ja) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | 電源装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022137689A1 true WO2022137689A1 (ja) | 2022-06-30 |
Family
ID=82157467
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2021/035287 WO2022137689A1 (ja) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-09-27 | 電源装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240055886A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4266539A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2022097773A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3205665A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022137689A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006223050A (ja) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-24 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 電力供給システム |
JP2014057393A (ja) | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-27 | Toshiba Corp | 電力制御装置 |
JP2016010250A (ja) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-01-18 | Fdk株式会社 | 無停電電源装置 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-21 JP JP2020210903A patent/JP2022097773A/ja active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-09-27 CA CA3205665A patent/CA3205665A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-27 WO PCT/JP2021/035287 patent/WO2022137689A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-09-27 EP EP21909847.2A patent/EP4266539A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-27 US US18/268,507 patent/US20240055886A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006223050A (ja) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-24 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 電力供給システム |
JP2014057393A (ja) | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-27 | Toshiba Corp | 電力制御装置 |
JP2016010250A (ja) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-01-18 | Fdk株式会社 | 無停電電源装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20240055886A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
JP2022097773A (ja) | 2022-07-01 |
CA3205665A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
EP4266539A1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110365090B (zh) | 冗余电源*** | |
JP3364836B2 (ja) | 電圧イコライザ装置およびその方法 | |
US10404095B2 (en) | Uninterruptible power supply unit | |
CN110011368B (zh) | 蓄电元件保护装置、蓄电装置及蓄电元件保护方法 | |
US20090251100A1 (en) | Stackable battery module | |
EP2367261A2 (en) | Direct-current power source apparatus | |
US20120146610A1 (en) | Discharger and discharger control method | |
JP4845756B2 (ja) | 車両用の電源装置 | |
WO1998038721A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'alimentation en energie | |
JP4763660B2 (ja) | 電源システム | |
JP2006060883A (ja) | 2バッテリ型車両用電源装置 | |
JP2009071922A (ja) | 直流バックアップ電源装置およびその制御方法 | |
JP4828511B2 (ja) | バックアップ電源およびその制御方法 | |
JP4724726B2 (ja) | 直流電源システムおよびその充電方法 | |
JP2009148110A (ja) | 充放電器とこれを用いた電源装置 | |
US10266062B2 (en) | System and method for charging a vehicle battery by controlling a relay between the battery and a vehicle system | |
JP3796918B2 (ja) | バッテリ装置 | |
US20050052159A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for overcharge protection using analog overvoltage detection | |
WO2022137689A1 (ja) | 電源装置 | |
US11996730B2 (en) | Backup power supply device | |
WO2021215282A1 (ja) | 無停電電源装置 | |
JP2009055701A (ja) | 電源装置 | |
JP2009118683A (ja) | 充電器とその充電方法および電源システム | |
JP2010022086A (ja) | 直流電源システム | |
JP2009153282A (ja) | バックアップ電源およびその制御方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21909847 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3205665 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18268507 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2021909847 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021909847 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230721 |