WO2022137524A1 - Blood vessel model - Google Patents

Blood vessel model Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022137524A1
WO2022137524A1 PCT/JP2020/048806 JP2020048806W WO2022137524A1 WO 2022137524 A1 WO2022137524 A1 WO 2022137524A1 JP 2020048806 W JP2020048806 W JP 2020048806W WO 2022137524 A1 WO2022137524 A1 WO 2022137524A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blood vessel
cap member
lesion
main body
vessel model
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PCT/JP2020/048806
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
明日香 関下
駿平 吉武
聡志 浪間
Original Assignee
朝日インテック株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2020/048806 priority Critical patent/WO2022137524A1/en
Publication of WO2022137524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022137524A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a blood vessel model.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose simulated blood vessels capable of simulating a procedure using these medical devices.
  • a lesion model simulating a stenotic lesion or an occluded lesion is provided inside a simulated blood vessel made of silicon or the like.
  • the lesions that occur in the blood vessels are caused by atherosclerotic lesions in which the lipid pool is transformed into a necrotic core, plaque lesions in which the necrotic core is enlarged, and bleeding in the plaque lesions, depending on the degree of progression.
  • These lesions differ in the hardness of the lesion.
  • the outer portion facing the blood flow is compressed and hardened by the blood pressure as compared with the inner portion not facing the blood flow.
  • the technique described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the hardness of the lesion model becomes uniform because the lesion model is formed of a single-layer compound (polystyrene copolymer).
  • the lesion model is composed of compounds having different hardness, it is said that the actual hardness of the lesion cannot be simulated because acrylic resin or polycarbonate is used. There was a challenge.
  • any of the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 since the lesion model uses an insulating material, it is not possible to simulate the actual damage form due to ablation of the lesion portion.
  • CTO Chronic Total Occlusion
  • the inside of a blood vessel may be obstructed by a lesion.
  • the CTO may be opened by ablating the lesion with a plasma guide wire that cuts the living tissue by streamer discharge.
  • the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot simulate the damage morphology due to ablation of the lesion, it is not possible to simulate the procedure using the plasma guide wire in an environment close to actual clinical practice. There was a challenge.
  • the present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the above-mentioned problems, and makes it possible to simulate a procedure using a medical device in a blood vessel model having a lesion in an environment close to actual clinical practice.
  • the purpose is.
  • the present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the above-mentioned problems, and can be realized as the following forms.
  • a blood vessel model comprises a hollow tube-shaped blood vessel formed of a first polymer material and a lesion arranged in the lumen of the blood vessel, wherein the lesion is the first.
  • a main body portion formed of a second polymer material different from the polymer material, a first cap member arranged on the tip side of the main body portion and formed of a porous body, and a base of the main body portion. It has a second cap member arranged on the end side.
  • the lesion portion (lesion model) of the blood vessel model includes the main body portion, the first cap member arranged on the distal end side of the main body portion, and the second cap member arranged on the proximal end side of the main body portion. It has a cap member and. Therefore, the "compressed and hardened outer portion" of the actual human lesion can be simulated by the first cap member and the second cap member arranged at both ends of the main body portion. Further, among the lesion portions, the main body portion is formed of a second polymer material, and the first cap member is formed of a porous body. Therefore, the hardness of the lesion can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the lesion is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate.
  • the main body portion formed of the second polymer material and the first cap member formed of the porous body both have conductivity. Therefore, the state of the lesion when ablated with the plasma guide wire can be made to resemble an actual human lesion. As a result, in a blood vessel model having a lesion, it is possible to simulate a procedure using a medical device in an environment close to actual clinical practice.
  • the main body portion is filled in the lumen of the blood vessel portion to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion
  • the first cap member is the main body.
  • the tip surface of the portion is covered, and the second cap member may cover the base end surface of the main body portion.
  • the main body portion is filled in the lumen of the blood vessel portion to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion
  • the first cap member has the tip surface of the main body portion and the second cap member. Since the proximal surface of the main body is covered with each other, it is possible to realize a lesion portion simulating a chronic total occupation (CTO).
  • CTO chronic total occupation
  • a protruding portion protruding toward the main body portion may be formed on the side of the first cap member facing the main body portion.
  • the plaque lesion may clog a blood vessel at the end of the lesion and be compressed by blood pressure to form a mass of plaque lesion.
  • a protruding portion is formed so as to project toward the main body portion. The resulting mass of plaque lesions can be simulated.
  • the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member may be 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
  • the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, so that the size of the voids of the first cap member is approximated to the size of animal cells. be able to.
  • the amount of water retained in the first cap member can be approximated to the amount of water retained in the actual human lesion, and the state of the lesion when ablated using the plasma guide wire can be obtained. , Can be more similar to the actual human lesion.
  • the end surface of the second cap member on the opposite side of the second cap member facing the main body may be inclined with respect to the central axis of the blood vessel.
  • the end surface (that is, the outer end surface) on the opposite side of the second cap member facing the main body portion is inclined with respect to the central axis of the blood vessel portion. Therefore, the tip of the medical device can be slippery on the outer end face of the second cap member 20. As a result, the difficulty level of the procedure that can be simulated using the blood vessel model can be improved, which can be useful for improving the level of the procedure of the operator.
  • the blood vessel portion is a main branch having the lesion portion in the lumen and a side branch extending from the main branch in a state where the main branch and the lumen are communicated with each other.
  • a side branch extending from a position close to the inclined end face of the second cap member may be provided.
  • the blood vessel portion is a side branch extending from the main branch in a state where the main branch and the lumen communicate with each other, and the position of the main branch close to the inclined end face of the second cap member. Has side branches extending from.
  • the medical device slips on the inclined end face of the second cap member, and the lesion is likely to be guided to a side branch different from the main branch.
  • the difficulty level of the procedure that can be simulated using the blood vessel model can be improved, which can be useful for improving the level of the procedure of the operator.
  • the second cap member may be formed of a third polymer material different from the first polymer material and the second polymer material. ..
  • the second cap member is formed of a third polymer material, which is different from the first polymer material and the second polymer material. Therefore, the hardness of the second cap member can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the second cap member is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate. Furthermore, since the second cap member has conductivity, the state of the lesion when ablated with the plasma guide wire can be made to resemble an actual human lesion.
  • the present invention can be realized in various embodiments, for example, a blood vessel model including a lesion (lesion model), an organ that includes the blood vessel model and imitates an organ such as a heart, liver, or brain. It can be realized in the form of a model, a human body simulation device including these blood vessel models and organ models, and a control method of the human body simulation device.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a blood vessel simulation device 100.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100 of the present embodiment is a device used for simulating a treatment or examination procedure using a medical device for a blood vessel.
  • a medical device a plasma guide wire that cuts a living tissue by a streamer discharge is exemplified.
  • medical devices may include all devices for minimally invasive treatment or testing, such as catheters and guidewires.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100 includes a blood vessel model 1 including a lesion 2, an outer tissue model 3, and a circulation pump 9.
  • the axis passing through the center of the blood vessel model 1, the lesion 2, and the outer tissue model 3 is represented by the axis O (dashed line).
  • the axis passing through the center of the blood vessel model 1, the axis passing through the center of the lesion 2, and the axis passing through the center of the outer tissue model 3 all coincide with the axis line O.
  • the axes passing through the centers of the blood vessel model 1, the lesion 2, and the outer tissue model 3 may be different from the axis O, respectively.
  • FIGS. 1 and the following figures for convenience of explanation, a portion is included in which the relative ratio of the sizes of the constituent members is described so as to be different from the actual one. In addition, a part of each component is exaggerated and described.
  • Blood vessel model 1 is a model that simulates human blood vessels.
  • the blood vessel model 1 has a long substantially cylindrical shape having openings 1a and 1b at both ends, and a lesion portion 2 simulating a human lesion is arranged inside (lumen 1L shown in FIG. 2). ing.
  • the lesion 2 is also referred to as a "lesion model". Details of the lesion 2 will be described later.
  • human muscle, fat, skin, etc. are surrounded by at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the blood vessel model 1 (in the illustrated example, the central part excluding both ends of the blood vessel model 1).
  • a simulated outer tissue model 3 is arranged.
  • the outer structure model 3 is formed of a soft material synthetic resin (for example, polyvinyl alcohol: PVA, silicon, etc.).
  • the circulation pump 9 is, for example, a non-volumetric centrifugal pump.
  • the circulation pump 9 is provided in the middle of the flow path connecting the opening 1a and the opening 1b of the blood vessel model 1, and circulates the fluid discharged from the opening 1b and supplies the fluid to the opening 1a.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates XYZ axes that are orthogonal to each other.
  • the X-axis corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion 2
  • the Y-axis corresponds to the height of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion 2
  • the Z-axis corresponds to the width of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion 2. do.
  • the left side (-X-axis direction) of FIG. 2 is referred to as the "tip side" of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion portion 2.
  • the distal side is the side farther (distal, distal) from the insertion site of the medical device when the anterograde approach is adopted.
  • FIG. 2 the right side (+ X-axis direction) of FIG. 2 is referred to as the "base end side" of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion portion 2.
  • the proximal side is the side closer to the insertion site of the medical device (proximal, proximal side) when the anterograde approach is adopted. These points are also common to FIGS. 2 and later.
  • the upper part of FIG. 2 shows the vertical cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the lower part of FIG. 2 (inside the broken line balloon) shows the configuration of the blood vessel model 1 in the cross section along the line AA in the upper part of FIG.
  • the blood vessel model 1 has a blood vessel portion 10 and a lesion portion 2 arranged in the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10.
  • the blood vessel portion 10 is a portion simulating a human blood vessel and has a hollow tube shape having openings 1a and 1b at both ends.
  • the blood vessel portion 10 is formed of the first polymer material. In the present embodiment, PVA having slipperiness and elasticity similar to those of human blood vessels is adopted as the first polymer material.
  • the first polymer material for example, polysaccharides such as agarose, sodium alginate, cellulose, starch and glycogen, and resins such as silicon, latex and polyurethane may be adopted.
  • the inner and outer diameters of the blood vessel portion 10 and the length in the X-axis direction can be arbitrarily determined.
  • the lesion portion 2 has a main body portion 40, a first cap member 30, and a second cap member 20.
  • the body 40 mimics the tissue of the medial part of a human lesion (eg, a plaque lesion).
  • the main body portion 40 is filled in the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10 to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion 10.
  • the main body portion 40 is arranged inside the blood vessel portion 10 in a state of being in contact with the inner peripheral surface 12 of the blood vessel portion 10 and closing the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10.
  • a concave portion 41 recessed in a substantially conical shape is formed along the shape of the first cap member 30.
  • An inclined portion 42 inclined along the shape of the second cap member 20 is formed on the base end side of the main body portion 40 (in other words, the side facing the second cap member 20). The tip surface of the main body 40 is in contact with the first cap member 30, and the base end surface of the main body 40 is in contact with the second cap member 20.
  • the main body portion 40 is formed of a second polymer material different from the first polymer material constituting the blood vessel portion 10.
  • agarose whose elasticity is close to that of CTO is adopted as the second polymer material.
  • the second polymer material for example, polysaccharides such as PVA, sodium alginate, cellulose, starch and glycogen, and resins such as silicon, latex and polyurethane may be adopted.
  • the length of the main body 40 in the X-axis direction can be arbitrarily determined.
  • the first cap member 30 simulates the compressed and hardened tissue of the distal end side of the human lesion (for example, a mass of plaque lesion, a calcified lesion, etc.). As shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, the first cap member 30 is arranged on the tip end side of the main body portion 40 and covers the tip surface of the main body portion 40. In the present embodiment, the first cap member 30 has a protruding portion 31 and a main body portion 32. The protruding portion 31 is located on the base end side (in other words, the side facing the main body portion 40) of the first cap member 30, and a part of the first cap member 30 protrudes toward the main body portion 40. This is the part that was done.
  • the protruding portion 31 has a substantially conical shape.
  • the main body portion 32 is a portion of the first cap member 30 located on the tip end side (in other words, the side opposite to the side facing the main body portion 40), and has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the length L30 of the first cap member 30 in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more. If the length L30 is 1 mm or more, it is difficult for the penetrating guide wire (a guide wire for physically penetrating the lesion 2 without ablation) to penetrate the first cap member 30, so that the blood vessel model 1 Can be configured to be suitable for use with plasma guide wires.
  • the length L30 is a point located on the + X-axis side most from the extension line of the point where the first cap member 30 is located most on the ⁇ X-axis side in an arbitrary vertical cross section. The length to the extension line.
  • the first cap member 30 is formed of a porous body.
  • a polyurethane sponge is adopted as the porous body.
  • a synthetic sponge made by foam molding a synthetic resin other than polyurethane may be adopted, or natural sponge may be adopted.
  • the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member 30 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average value of the inner diameters of a plurality of pores contained in a predetermined unit area can be adopted.
  • the inner diameter in the longitudinal direction is adopted to obtain the average value.
  • the length and shape of the protruding portion 31 in the X-axis direction and the length of the main body portion 32 in the X-axis direction can be arbitrarily determined.
  • the second cap member 20 simulates a compressed and hardened tissue on the proximal end side (for example, a mass of plaque lesions, a calcified lesion, etc.) in a human lesion.
  • the second cap member 20 is arranged on the proximal end side of the main body portion 40 and covers the proximal end surface of the main body portion 40.
  • the second cap member 20 has a flat plate shape.
  • the end surface 21 of the second cap member 20 on the base end side is inclined with respect to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10.
  • the length L20 of the second cap member 20 in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more. If the length L20 is 1 mm or more, it is difficult for the second cap member 20 to penetrate the through guide wire, so that the blood vessel model 1 can be configured to be suitable for use of the plasma guide wire. As shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, the length L20 is the length of the portion of the second cap member 20 having the shortest length in the X-axis direction in an arbitrary vertical cross section.
  • the second cap member 20 is formed of a third polymer material that is different from the first polymer material constituting the blood vessel portion 10 and also different from the second polymer material constituting the main body portion 40. There is.
  • PVA having a hardness different from that of the blood vessel portion 10 is adopted as the third polymer material.
  • the third polymer material for example, polysaccharides such as agarose, sodium alginate, cellulose, starch and glycogen, and resins such as silicon, latex and polyurethane may be adopted.
  • the length L20 of the second cap member 20 and the inclination of the second cap member 20 with respect to the axis O can be arbitrarily determined.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a simulation of a procedure using the blood vessel simulation device 100.
  • the operator can simulate a procedure using a medical device for the lesion portion 2 of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the surgeon operates a circulation pump 9 to circulate a fluid (for example, simulated blood such as physiological saline) in the blood vessel model 1, incises a part of the blood vessel portion 10, and performs the blood vessel portion 10.
  • the plasma guide wire 8 is inserted into the lumen 1L of the blood vessel. After that, the operator delivers the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 to the position of the lesion 2.
  • the operator performs an anterograde approach in which the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 is brought closer to the lesion 2 from the side of the second cap member 20, as shown in the figure. After that, the operator ablate the second cap member 20 as shown in the figure by the streamer discharge of the plasma guide wire 8, and then ablate the main body portion 40 and the first cap member 30 to cause the lesion portion 2. Can be simulated to open the door.
  • the surgeon may simulate a procedure for opening the lesion 2 by a retrograde approach in which the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 is brought closer to the lesion 2 from the side of the first cap member 30. Further, the surgeon may use the blood vessel simulation device 100 for simulating a procedure using another medical device other than the plasma guide wire 8. For example, the surgeon may use a penetrating guide wire to simulate a procedure for opening a lesion 2.
  • the length L30 or L20 of the cap member (first cap member 30 or second cap member 20) located on the side receiving the approach by the through guide wire is preferably less than 1 mm.
  • FIG. 4 is a table showing the results of the ablation test.
  • a 1 mm thick sample made of the materials shown in the following a1 to a5 was prepared.
  • A1 Sample S10 Human aortic wall sample
  • Sample S21 A sample of the second cap member 20 prepared using PVA4000, and a sample (a3) sample S22: having a PVA concentration of 15 wt%.
  • Sample of member 30 (a5) Sample S32: Sample of the first cap member 30 produced by using a polyurethane sponge having an inner diameter of a pore of 15 ⁇ m.
  • each sample was ablated by the streamer discharge of the plasma guide wire 8.
  • the length to the deepest part of the holes drilled in each sample was measured and used as the "ablation depth (mm)".
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 shows each sample, and the vertical axis shows the measured ablation depth.
  • the PVA4000 used as the material of the second cap member 20 has an ablation depth equivalent to that of the human aorta wall (S10). It can be seen that the damage form due to ablation can be simulated.
  • the polyurethane sponge used as the material of the first cap member 30 has an ablation depth equivalent to that of the human aortic wall (S10). , It can be seen that the damage morphology due to ablation of the human aortic wall can be simulated.
  • FIG. 5 is a table showing the results of the tensile test.
  • FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the results of a tensile test.
  • FIG. 5B is a diagram showing the shape of a sample piece for a tensile test. In this test, a sample having the shape shown in FIG. 5B, which consists of the materials shown in the following b1 and b2, was prepared.
  • Sample S11 Bovine aortic wall sample
  • Samples S33, S34, S35 Sample of the first cap member 30 prepared using a polyurethane sponge having a pore inner diameter of 15 ⁇ m.
  • each sample was subjected to a tensile tester, and the applied "load (N)” and the “elongation (mm)” until each sample broke were measured.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 shows the elongation, and the vertical axis shows the load.
  • the polyurethane sponge used as the material of the first cap member 30 has an initial elastic modulus equivalent to that of the bovine aortic wall (S11) (FIG. 5: broken line round frame). From this, it can be seen that the physical characteristics of the bovine aortic wall can be simulated in the first cap member 30.
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing the results of the tensile test.
  • a sample having the shape shown in FIG. 5B which consists of the materials shown in the following c1 to c4, was prepared.
  • Sample S12 Bovine aortic wall sample
  • Sample S23 A sample of the second cap member 20 prepared using PVA1700
  • sample S24 having a PVA concentration of 20 wt%.
  • Sample (c4) sample S36 which is a sample of the second cap member 20 manufactured by using PVA4000 and has a PVA concentration of 20 wt%: the first cap manufactured by using a polyurethane sponge having an inner diameter of 15 ⁇ m.
  • Sample of member 30 Sample of member 30
  • the PVA4000 used as the material of the second cap member 20 has an initial elastic modulus equivalent to that of the bovine aortic wall (S12) (FIG. 6: broken line round frame), and therefore the second cap. It can be seen that the member 20 can simulate the physical properties of the bovine aortic wall. Similarly, as shown in S36 of FIG.
  • the polyurethane sponge used as the material of the first cap member 30 has an initial elastic modulus equivalent to that of the bovine aortic wall (S12) (FIG. 6: broken line round frame). It can be seen that the first cap member 30 can simulate the physical characteristics of the bovine aortic wall.
  • FIG. 7 is an example of an enlarged view of an animal cell and a porous body.
  • FIG. 7A shows an image of a bovine aortic wall as an example of animal cells when observed under a microscope.
  • FIG. 7B shows an image of a sample of the first cap member 30 made of a polyurethane sponge having a pore diameter of 25 ⁇ m when observed under a microscope.
  • the polyurethane sponge has tiny voids for retaining water, similar in size to the animal cells that make up the bovine aortic wall. Therefore, by approximating the inner diameter of the pores in the polyurethane sponge to the inner diameter of the animal cell, the polyurethane sponge can have physical properties similar to those of the animal cell and a form of damage due to ablation.
  • the lesion portion 2 (lesion model) includes the main body portion 40, the first cap member 30 arranged on the tip side of the main body portion 40, and the main body portion 40. It has a second cap member 20 arranged on the base end side thereof. Therefore, the "compressed and hardened outer portion" of the actual human lesion can be simulated by the first cap member 30 and the second cap member 20 arranged at both ends of the main body portion 40. Further, in the lesion portion 2, the main body portion 40 is formed of a second polymer material, and the second cap member 20 is formed of a porous body.
  • the hardness of the lesion 2 can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the lesion 2 is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate.
  • the main body portion 40 formed of the second polymer material and the first cap member 30 formed of the porous body both have conductivity. Therefore, the state of the lesion 2 when ablated with the plasma guide wire 8 can be made to resemble an actual human lesion.
  • the blood vessel model 1 having the lesion portion 2 it is possible to realize the simulation of the procedure using the medical device in an environment close to the actual clinical practice.
  • the main body portion 40 is filled in the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10 to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion 10, and the first cap member 30 is Since the tip surface of the main body 40 and the second cap member 20 cover the proximal surface of the main body 40, a lesion portion 2 simulating a chronic complete occlusion (CTO: Chronic Total Occlusion) can be realized.
  • CTO Chronic Total Occlusion
  • the plaque lesion may clog a blood vessel at the end of the lesion and be compressed by blood pressure to form a mass of plaque lesion.
  • the protruding portion 31 protruding toward the main body portion 40 is formed on the side of the first cap member 30 facing the main body portion 40, this protrusion is formed.
  • Section 31 can simulate a mass of plaque lesions that occurs in an actual human lesion.
  • the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member 30 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, the size of the voids of the first cap member 30 can be approximated to the size of an animal cell. can.
  • the amount of water retained in the first cap member 30 can be approximated to the amount of water retained in the actual human lesion, and the lesion 2 when ablated with the plasma guide wire 8 can be used.
  • the condition can be more similar to that of a real human lesion.
  • the proximal end surface 21 (that is, the outer end surface) on the opposite side to the main body portion 40 is the center of the blood vessel portion 10. It is tilted with respect to the axis O. Therefore, the tip end portion of the medical device such as the plasma guide wire 8 can be made slippery on the proximal end surface 21. As a result, the difficulty level of the procedure that can be simulated by using the blood vessel model 1 can be improved, which can be useful for improving the level of the procedure of the operator.
  • the second cap member 20 is formed of a third polymer material, which is different from the first polymer material and the second polymer material.
  • the hardness of the second cap member 20 can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the second cap member 20 is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate. Further, since the second cap member 20 has conductivity, the state of the lesion portion 2 when ablated with the plasma guide wire 8 can be made to resemble an actual human lesion portion.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100A of the second embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1A instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1A includes a lesion 2A instead of the lesion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the lesion portion 2A has a second cap member 20A instead of the second cap member 20.
  • the second cap member 20A has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that it is formed of a porous body.
  • a porous body for example, a polyurethane sponge, a synthetic sponge made by foam molding a synthetic resin other than polyurethane, or natural sponge may be adopted.
  • the same material as the first cap member 30 may be used for the second cap member 20A, or a material different from that of the first cap member 30 may be used.
  • the configuration of the second cap member 20A can be variously changed, and may be formed of a porous body such as a polyurethane sponge. Further, the same material as that of the first cap member 30 may be used for the second cap member 20A.
  • the blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment, the second cap member 20A can be formed of various materials.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1B of the third embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100B of the third embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1B instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1B includes the lesion portion 2B instead of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the lesion portion 2B has a second cap member 20B instead of the second cap member 20.
  • the second cap member 20B has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the proximal end surface 21 of the second cap member 20B is arranged perpendicular to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10. ing.
  • the configuration of the second cap member 20B can be variously changed, and the proximal end surface 21 of the second cap member 20B may be perpendicular to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10.
  • the blood vessel model 1B of the third embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above.
  • the second cap member 20B can be arranged at various inclinations.
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1C of the fourth embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100C of the fourth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1C instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1C includes a lesion 2C instead of the lesion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the lesion portion 2C has a second cap member 20C instead of the second cap member 20.
  • the second cap member 20C has a plate shape curved in a substantially C shape.
  • a part of the proximal end surface 21C on the opposite side facing the main body 40 is inclined with respect to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10, and a part is perpendicular to the central axis O. Is.
  • the configuration of the second cap member 20C can be changed in various ways, and the shape of the second cap member 20C is not limited to the flat plate shape but can be any shape.
  • the second cap member 20C may have a substantially C-shaped curved plate shape, a spherical shape, a hemispherical shape, or a random shape.
  • the second cap member 20C may have a structure having a substantially conical protruding portion and a substantially cylindrical main body portion, similarly to the first cap member 30.
  • the blood vessel model 1C of the fourth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1C of the fourth embodiment, the second cap member 20C can have various shapes.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1D of the fifth embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100D of the fifth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1D instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1D includes the lesion portion 2D in place of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the lesion portion 2D has a first cap member 30D instead of the first cap member 30.
  • the first cap member 30D has a flat plate shape and is arranged perpendicular to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10.
  • the length L30D of the first cap member 30D in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more.
  • the length L30D is the length of the portion of the first cap member 30D having the shortest length in the X-axis direction in any vertical cross section.
  • the configuration of the first cap member 30D can be variously changed, and the shape of the first cap member 30D is not limited to the shape having the protruding portion 31 and the main body portion 32, and can be any shape.
  • the first cap member 30D may have a flat plate shape, a plate shape curved in a substantially C shape, a spherical shape, a hemispherical shape, or a random shape.
  • the first cap member 30D may be arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10, similarly to the second cap member 20.
  • the blood vessel model 1D of the fifth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1D of the fifth embodiment, the first cap member 30D can have various shapes.
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1E of the sixth embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100E of the sixth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1E instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1E includes the lesion portion 2E in place of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the lesion portion 2E has a first cap member 30E instead of the first cap member 30.
  • the upper part of FIG. 12 shows the vertical cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model 1E.
  • the left dashed line balloon (BB1) in the lower part of FIG. 12 an example of the blood vessel model 1E in the cross section along the line BB in the upper part of FIG. 12 is shown.
  • the right dashed line balloon (BB2) in the lower part of FIG. 12 another example of the blood vessel model 1E in the cross section along the line BB in the upper part of FIG. 12 is shown.
  • the first cap member 30E has a substantially cylindrical shape and has a through hole 33 penetrating the first cap member 30E in the X-axis direction.
  • the through hole 33 is a circular hole provided in a substantially central portion of the first cap member 30E, as shown in the left dashed line balloon (BB1), and is surrounded by a thick portion of the first cap member 30E. You may.
  • the through hole 33 may be a hole having various shapes such as an ellipse, a rectangle, and a polygon, instead of a circular hole.
  • the through hole 33 may be a hole that divides the first cap member 30E in the Y-axis direction (or Z-axis direction) as shown in the right dashed line balloon (BB2).
  • the length L30E of the first cap member 30E in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more.
  • the length L30E is the length of the portion of the first cap member 30E having the shortest length in the X-axis direction in an arbitrary vertical cross section.
  • the configuration of the first cap member 30E can be variously changed, and the first cap member 30E may be provided with a through hole 33 penetrating the first cap member 30E in the X-axis direction. .. Further, the first cap member 30E may have a gap provided inside the first cap member 30E (inside the thick portion) instead of the through hole 33.
  • the blood vessel model 1E of the sixth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1E of the sixth embodiment, the first cap member 30E can have various shapes having through holes 33 and voids.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1F of the seventh embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100F of the seventh embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1F instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1F includes the blood vessel portion 10F instead of the blood vessel portion 10 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the blood vessel portion 10F has a main branch 10a and a side branch 10b.
  • a lesion 2 is provided in the lumen 1L of the main branch 10a.
  • the side branch 10b is a portion simulating a human side branch blood vessel.
  • One end of the side branch 10b is open, and the other end is connected to the main branch 10a in a state where the lumen 1L communicates with the main branch 10a.
  • the side branch 10b branches and extends from the main branch 10a with the main branch 10a and the lumen 1L communicating with each other. Further, the side branch 10b branches and extends from a position of the main branch 10a close to the inclined base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20. By doing so, as shown in FIG.
  • the side branch 10b When the tip end portion of the plasma guide wire 8 inserted by the anterograde approach slips on the base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20, the side branch 10b It becomes easy to be guided to the lumen 1L. As shown in FIG. 13, it is preferable that the inclination of the inner wall of the side branch 10b is close to the inclination of the base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20. Then, the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 can be more easily inserted into the lumen 1L of the side branch 10b.
  • the configuration of the blood vessel portion 10F can be variously changed, and may have a side branch 10b different from the main branch 10a in which the lesion portion 2 is provided.
  • a side branch 10b may extend from a position close to the end surface of the first cap member 30 on the tip end side (in other words, the side opposite to the side facing the main body 40).
  • a pseudocavity in which the blood vessel wall is dissociated may be formed in the main branch 10a.
  • the blood vessel model 1F of the seventh embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above.
  • the blood vessel portion 10F is a side branch 10b that branches and extends from the main branch 10a in a state where the main branch 10a and the lumen 1L are communicated with each other, and is a side branch 10b of the main branch 10a.
  • it has a side branch 10b extending from a position close to the inclined base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20. Therefore, in the simulation of the procedure using the blood vessel model 1F of the seventh embodiment, the plasma guide wire 8 (medical device) slips on the inclined proximal end surface 21 of the second cap member 20, and the lesion portion 2 is formed.
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1G of the eighth embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100G of the eighth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1G instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1G includes the lesion portion 2G instead of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the lesion portion 2G has a main body portion 40G in place of the main body portion 40, a first cap member 30G in place of the first cap member 30, and a second cap member 20G in place of the second cap member 20.
  • the upper part of FIG. 14 shows the vertical cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model 1G.
  • the left dashed line balloon (CC1) in the lower part of FIG. 14 an example of the blood vessel model 1G in the cross section along the CC line in the upper part of FIG. 14 is shown.
  • the right dashed line balloon (CC2) in the lower part of FIG. 14 another example of the blood vessel model 1G in the cross section along the CC line in the upper part of FIG. 14 is shown.
  • a through hole TH that penetrates each member in the X-axis direction is formed in the main body portion 40G, the first cap member 30G, and the second cap member 20G.
  • the through hole TH can have any shape, and may be a hole having a semicircular cross section as shown in the left dashed line blowout (CC1), or may be a hole having a semicircular cross section, and may be a circle as shown in the right broken line blowout (CC2). It may be a hole having a cross section of a shape. As described above, in the blood vessel model 1G, the fluid can flow in the blood vessel portion 10 through the through hole TH.
  • the configuration of the lesion portion 2G can be variously changed, and the flow of the fluid in the blood vessel portion 10 may be enabled by providing the through hole TH penetrating the lesion portion 2G.
  • a through hole TH extending linearly along the X axis is exemplified, but the through hole TH may meander and extend in the YZ axis direction.
  • the lesion portion 2G may be provided with a plurality of through holes TH.
  • the blood vessel model 1G of the eighth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1G of the eighth embodiment, the stenotic lesion can be simulated by the lesion portion 2G.
  • FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1H of the ninth embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100H of the ninth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1H instead of the blood vessel model 1.
  • the blood vessel model 1H has a main body 40H instead of the main body 40 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • a part of the tip surface 43 of the tip surface 43 located on the tip side (in other words, the side facing the first cap member 30) of the main body portion 40H is separated from the first cap member 30.
  • a gap SP1 is provided between the tip surface 43 of the main body portion 40H and the first cap member 30.
  • a part of the proximal end surface 44 is separated from the second cap member 20. ..
  • a gap SP2 is provided between the base end surface 44 of the main body portion 40H and the second cap member 20.
  • the configuration of the main body portion 40H can be variously changed, the shape of the main body portion 40H can be arbitrarily determined, and the main body portion 40H is a boundary with the first cap member 30 and the second cap member 20. May have voids SP1 and SP2. One of the voids SP1 and SP2 may be omitted. Further, there may be two or more gaps between the main body portion 40H and the first cap member 30, and even if there are two or more gaps between the main body portion 40H and the second cap member 20. good.
  • the blood vessel model 1H of the ninth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1H of the ninth embodiment, the main body portion 40H can have various shapes.
  • FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the blood vessel simulation device 100I of the tenth embodiment.
  • the blood vessel simulation apparatus 100I does not include the outer tissue model 3 and the circulation pump 9 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
  • the blood vessel model 1 of the blood vessel simulation apparatus 100I may be used after being moistened with a fluid (for example, simulated blood such as physiological saline), or may be used in a dry state.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100I is provided with, for example, a water tank capable of filling the inside with a fluid, and the blood vessel model 1 may be used in a state of being placed in the water tank filled with the fluid. Even with the blood vessel simulation device 100I of the tenth embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above can be obtained.
  • the configuration of the blood vessel simulation device 100 can be changed in various ways.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100 may have an organ model that imitates an organ such as a heart, a liver, or a brain.
  • the blood vessel model 1 may be provided on the outside or inside of the organ model.
  • the blood vessel simulation device 100 may include a pulsation pump for adding a movement simulating pulsation to the fluid circulated by the circulation pump 9.
  • a positive displacement reciprocating pump or a rotary pump rotated at a low speed can be used.
  • the configuration of the blood vessel model 1 can be changed in various ways.
  • the blood vessel portion 10 may have an arbitrary shape such as a curved shape, a meandering shape, or the like, in addition to a linear shape.
  • the blood vessel portion 10 may be coated with a resin having hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity.
  • the lesion portion 2 may have a member different from the main body portion 40, the second cap member 20, and the first cap member 30 described in the above embodiment.
  • This member has an arbitrary shape (for example, a spherical shape or a lump of an arbitrary shape) provided in the thick portion of the main body portion 40, and simulates a calcified lesion formed inside the main body portion 40. You may. Further, this member may have a flat plate shape similar to that of the second cap member 20.
  • These members may be provided between the main body portion 40 and the first cap member 30 in addition to the inside of the thick portion of the main body portion 40, and may be provided on the tip side (-X-axis direction) of the first cap member 30. It may be provided, it may be provided between the main body portion 40 and the second cap member 20, or it may be provided on the proximal end side (+ X-axis direction) of the second cap member 20.
  • the configurations of the above may be combined as appropriate.
  • the blood vessel model 1 may be formed by arbitrarily combining the part 40 and the blood vessel part 10 described in the seventh embodiment.
  • the blood vessel model 1 described in any of the first to ninth embodiments may be used.

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Abstract

A blood vessel model is provided with a blood vessel part formed from a first polymeric material and having a hollow tubular shape and a lesion part provided in an inner cavity of the blood vessel part. The lesion part has a main body part formed from a second polymeric material that is different from the first polymeric material, a first cap member arranged on the tip end side from the main body part and formed from a porous material, and a second cap part arranged on the base end side from the main body part.

Description

血管モデルBlood vessel model
　本発明は、血管モデルに関する。 The present invention relates to a blood vessel model.
　血管内への低侵襲な治療または検査のために、ガイドワイヤ等の医療用デバイスが使用されている。例えば、特許文献１，２には、これらの医療用デバイスを用いた手技を模擬することが可能な模擬血管が開示されている。特許文献１，２では、シリコン等で作成された模擬血管の内部に、狭窄病変や閉塞病変を模擬した病変モデルが設けられている。 Medical devices such as guide wires are used for minimally invasive treatment or examination of blood vessels. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose simulated blood vessels capable of simulating a procedure using these medical devices. In Patent Documents 1 and 2, a lesion model simulating a stenotic lesion or an occluded lesion is provided inside a simulated blood vessel made of silicon or the like.
特開２０１０－１７８８０９号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-178809 特開２０１２－２２０７２８号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-220728
　ここで、血管内に生じる病変には、進行の程度に応じて、リピッドプールが壊死性コアへと変化した粥状硬化性病変、壊死性コアが拡大したプラーク病変、プラーク病変内の出血により生じる石灰化病変等がある。これらの病変は、病変部の硬さがそれぞれ相違する。また、病変部のうち、血流に面する外側部分は、血流に面さない内側部分と比較して、血圧により圧縮されて硬くなる。この点、特許文献１に記載の技術では、病変モデルが単一層の化合物（ポリスチレン共重合体）により形成されているため、病変モデルの硬さが一様になるという課題があった。また、特許文献２に記載の技術では、病変モデルが異なる硬度の化合物から構成されているものの、アクリル樹脂やポリカーボネートが用いられていることから、実際の病変部の硬さを模擬できていないという課題があった。 Here, the lesions that occur in the blood vessels are caused by atherosclerotic lesions in which the lipid pool is transformed into a necrotic core, plaque lesions in which the necrotic core is enlarged, and bleeding in the plaque lesions, depending on the degree of progression. There are calcified lesions, etc. These lesions differ in the hardness of the lesion. Further, in the lesion portion, the outer portion facing the blood flow is compressed and hardened by the blood pressure as compared with the inner portion not facing the blood flow. In this regard, the technique described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the hardness of the lesion model becomes uniform because the lesion model is formed of a single-layer compound (polystyrene copolymer). Further, in the technique described in Patent Document 2, although the lesion model is composed of compounds having different hardness, it is said that the actual hardness of the lesion cannot be simulated because acrylic resin or polycarbonate is used. There was a challenge.
　また、特許文献１，２に記載の技術では、いずれも、病変モデルが絶縁性の材料を使用していることから、実際の病変部のアブレーションによる損傷形態を模擬できていない。ここで、例えば、慢性完全閉塞（ＣＴＯ：Chronic Total Occlusion）のように、血管内が病変部により閉塞される場合がある。このような場合、ストリーマ放電によって生体組織を切断するプラズマガイドワイヤを用いて、病変部をアブレーションすることで、ＣＴＯの開通を行うことがある。しかし、特許文献１，２に記載の技術では、病変部のアブレーションによる損傷形態を模擬できていないため、プラズマガイドワイヤを用いた手技の模擬を、実臨床に近い環境で実施することができないという課題があった。 Further, in any of the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, since the lesion model uses an insulating material, it is not possible to simulate the actual damage form due to ablation of the lesion portion. Here, for example, as in Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO), the inside of a blood vessel may be obstructed by a lesion. In such a case, the CTO may be opened by ablating the lesion with a plasma guide wire that cuts the living tissue by streamer discharge. However, since the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot simulate the damage morphology due to ablation of the lesion, it is not possible to simulate the procedure using the plasma guide wire in an environment close to actual clinical practice. There was a challenge.
　本発明は、上述の課題の少なくとも一部を解決するためになされたものであり、病変部を有する血管モデルにおいて、医療用デバイスを用いた手技の模擬を実臨床に近い環境で実現可能とすることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the above-mentioned problems, and makes it possible to simulate a procedure using a medical device in a blood vessel model having a lesion in an environment close to actual clinical practice. The purpose is.
　本発明は、上述の課題の少なくとも一部を解決するためになされたものであり、以下の形態として実現することが可能である。 The present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the above-mentioned problems, and can be realized as the following forms.
（１）本発明の一形態によれば、血管モデルが提供される。この血管モデルは、第１の高分子材料により形成された中空管形状の血管部と、前記血管部の内腔に配置された病変部と、を備え、前記病変部は、前記第１の高分子材料とは異なる第２の高分子材料により形成された本体部と、前記本体部よりも先端側に配置され、多孔質体により形成された第１キャップ部材と、前記本体部よりも基端側に配置された第２キャップ部材と、を有する。 (1) According to one embodiment of the present invention, a blood vessel model is provided. This blood vessel model comprises a hollow tube-shaped blood vessel formed of a first polymer material and a lesion arranged in the lumen of the blood vessel, wherein the lesion is the first. A main body portion formed of a second polymer material different from the polymer material, a first cap member arranged on the tip side of the main body portion and formed of a porous body, and a base of the main body portion. It has a second cap member arranged on the end side.
　この構成によれば、血管モデルの病変部（病変モデル）は、本体部と、本体部よりも先端側に配置された第１キャップ部材と、本体部よりも基端側に配置された第２キャップ部材と、を有する。このため、本体部の両端に配置された第１キャップ部材及び第２キャップ部材によって、実際のヒトの病変部のうちの「圧縮されて硬くなった外側部分」を模擬できる。また、病変部のうち、本体部は第２の高分子材料により形成され、第１キャップ部材は多孔質体により形成されている。このため、病変部をアクリル樹脂やポリカーボネートにより形成する場合と比較して、病変部の硬さを実際のヒトの病変部に近づけることができる。さらに、第２の高分子材料により形成された本体部と、多孔質体により形成された第１キャップ部材とは、共に導電性を有する。このため、プラズマガイドワイヤを用いてアブレーションした際の病変部の状態を、実際のヒトの病変部に似せることができる。これらの結果、病変部を有する血管モデルにおいて、医療用デバイスを用いた手技の模擬を実臨床に近い環境で実現可能とできる。 According to this configuration, the lesion portion (lesion model) of the blood vessel model includes the main body portion, the first cap member arranged on the distal end side of the main body portion, and the second cap member arranged on the proximal end side of the main body portion. It has a cap member and. Therefore, the "compressed and hardened outer portion" of the actual human lesion can be simulated by the first cap member and the second cap member arranged at both ends of the main body portion. Further, among the lesion portions, the main body portion is formed of a second polymer material, and the first cap member is formed of a porous body. Therefore, the hardness of the lesion can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the lesion is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate. Further, the main body portion formed of the second polymer material and the first cap member formed of the porous body both have conductivity. Therefore, the state of the lesion when ablated with the plasma guide wire can be made to resemble an actual human lesion. As a result, in a blood vessel model having a lesion, it is possible to simulate a procedure using a medical device in an environment close to actual clinical practice.
（２）上記形態の血管モデルにおいて、前記本体部は、前記血管部の内腔に充填されることにより、前記血管部における流体の流通を阻害しており、前記第１キャップ部材は、前記本体部の先端面を被覆しており、前記第２キャップ部材は、前記本体部の基端面を被覆していてもよい。
　この構成によれば、本体部は、血管部の内腔に充填されることにより、血管部における流体の流通を阻害しており、第１キャップ部材は本体部の先端面を、第２キャップ部材は本体部の基端面を、それぞれ被覆しているため、慢性完全閉塞（ＣＴＯ：Chronic Total Occlusion）を模擬した病変部を実現できる。 (2) In the blood vessel model of the above embodiment, the main body portion is filled in the lumen of the blood vessel portion to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion, and the first cap member is the main body. The tip surface of the portion is covered, and the second cap member may cover the base end surface of the main body portion.
According to this configuration, the main body portion is filled in the lumen of the blood vessel portion to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion, and the first cap member has the tip surface of the main body portion and the second cap member. Since the proximal surface of the main body is covered with each other, it is possible to realize a lesion portion simulating a chronic total occupation (CTO).
（３）上記形態の血管モデルにおいて、前記第１キャップ部材のうち、前記本体部に面する側には、前記本体部に向かって突出した突出部が形成されていてもよい。
　実際のヒトの病変部では、病変部の端部においてプラーク病変が血管に詰まり、血圧により圧縮されてプラーク病変の塊を生じる場合がある。この構成によれば、第１キャップ部材のうち、本体部に面する側には、本体部に向かって突出した突出部が形成されているため、この突出部によって、実際のヒトの病変部に生じるプラーク病変の塊を模擬できる。 (3) In the blood vessel model of the above embodiment, on the side of the first cap member facing the main body portion, a protruding portion protruding toward the main body portion may be formed.
In an actual human lesion, the plaque lesion may clog a blood vessel at the end of the lesion and be compressed by blood pressure to form a mass of plaque lesion. According to this configuration, on the side of the first cap member facing the main body portion, a protruding portion is formed so as to project toward the main body portion. The resulting mass of plaque lesions can be simulated.
（４）上記形態の血管モデルにおいて、前記第１キャップ部材の細孔の内径は、０．５μｍ以上、かつ、２００μｍ以下であってもよい。
　この構成によれば、第１キャップ部材の細孔の内径は、０．５μｍ以上、かつ、２００μｍ以下であるため、第１キャップ部材が有する空隙の大きさを、動物細胞の大きさに近似させることができる。この結果、第１キャップ部材内に保持される水分量を、実際のヒトの病変部において保持される水分量に近似させることができ、プラズマガイドワイヤを用いてアブレーションした際の病変部の状態を、実際のヒトの病変部により一層似せることができる。 (4) In the blood vessel model of the above embodiment, the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member may be 0.5 μm or more and 200 μm or less.
According to this configuration, the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member is 0.5 μm or more and 200 μm or less, so that the size of the voids of the first cap member is approximated to the size of animal cells. be able to. As a result, the amount of water retained in the first cap member can be approximated to the amount of water retained in the actual human lesion, and the state of the lesion when ablated using the plasma guide wire can be obtained. , Can be more similar to the actual human lesion.
（５）上記形態の血管モデルにおいて、前記第２キャップ部材のうち、前記本体部に面する側の反対側の端面は、前記血管部の中心軸に対して傾斜していてもよい。
　この構成によれば、第２キャップ部材のうち、本体部に面する側の反対側の端面（すなわち、外側の端面）は、血管部の中心軸に対して傾斜している。このため、医療用デバイスの先端部を、第２キャップ部材２０の外側の端面において滑りやすくできる。この結果、血管モデルを用いて模擬可能な手技の難易度を向上させることができ、術者の手技のレベル向上に役立てることができる。 (5) In the blood vessel model of the above embodiment, the end surface of the second cap member on the opposite side of the second cap member facing the main body may be inclined with respect to the central axis of the blood vessel.
According to this configuration, the end surface (that is, the outer end surface) on the opposite side of the second cap member facing the main body portion is inclined with respect to the central axis of the blood vessel portion. Therefore, the tip of the medical device can be slippery on the outer end face of the second cap member 20. As a result, the difficulty level of the procedure that can be simulated using the blood vessel model can be improved, which can be useful for improving the level of the procedure of the operator.
（６）上記形態の血管モデルにおいて、前記血管部は、内腔に前記病変部が設けられた本枝と、前記本枝と内腔を連通させた状態で前記本枝から分岐して延びる側枝であって、前記本枝のうち、前記第２キャップ部材の傾斜した前記端面に近接した位置から延びる側枝と、を有していてもよい。
　この構成によれば、血管部は、本枝と内腔を連通させた状態で本枝から分岐して延びる側枝であって、本枝のうち、第２キャップ部材の傾斜した端面に近接した位置から延びる側枝を有する。すなわち、本構成の血管モデルを用いた手技の模擬では、医療用デバイスが、第２キャップ部材の傾斜した端面において滑りを生じ、病変部がある本枝とは異なる側枝に導かれやすくなる。この結果、血管モデルを用いて模擬可能な手技の難易度を向上させることができ、術者の手技のレベル向上に役立てることができる。 (6) In the blood vessel model of the above-described form, the blood vessel portion is a main branch having the lesion portion in the lumen and a side branch extending from the main branch in a state where the main branch and the lumen are communicated with each other. However, among the main branches, a side branch extending from a position close to the inclined end face of the second cap member may be provided.
According to this configuration, the blood vessel portion is a side branch extending from the main branch in a state where the main branch and the lumen communicate with each other, and the position of the main branch close to the inclined end face of the second cap member. Has side branches extending from. That is, in the simulation of the procedure using the blood vessel model of this configuration, the medical device slips on the inclined end face of the second cap member, and the lesion is likely to be guided to a side branch different from the main branch. As a result, the difficulty level of the procedure that can be simulated using the blood vessel model can be improved, which can be useful for improving the level of the procedure of the operator.
（７）上記形態の血管モデルにおいて、前記第２キャップ部材は、前記第１の高分子材料及び前記第２の高分子材料とはそれぞれ異なる、第３の高分子材料により形成されていてもよい。
　この構成によれば、第２キャップ部材は、第１の高分子材料及び第２の高分子材料とはそれぞれ異なる、第３の高分子材料により形成されている。このため、第２キャップ部材をアクリル樹脂やポリカーボネートにより形成する場合と比較して、第２キャップ部材の硬さを実際のヒトの病変部に近づけることができる。さらに、第２キャップ部材は導電性を有するため、プラズマガイドワイヤを用いてアブレーションした際の病変部の状態を、実際のヒトの病変部に似せることができる。 (7) In the blood vessel model of the above embodiment, the second cap member may be formed of a third polymer material different from the first polymer material and the second polymer material. ..
According to this configuration, the second cap member is formed of a third polymer material, which is different from the first polymer material and the second polymer material. Therefore, the hardness of the second cap member can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the second cap member is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate. Furthermore, since the second cap member has conductivity, the state of the lesion when ablated with the plasma guide wire can be made to resemble an actual human lesion.
　なお、本発明は、種々の態様で実現することが可能であり、例えば、病変部（病変モデル）を含む血管モデル、当該血管モデルを備えており心臓、肝臓、脳等の臓器を模した臓器モデル、これらの血管モデルや臓器モデル含む人体シミュレーション装置、人体シミュレーション装置の制御方法などの形態で実現することができる。 The present invention can be realized in various embodiments, for example, a blood vessel model including a lesion (lesion model), an organ that includes the blood vessel model and imitates an organ such as a heart, liver, or brain. It can be realized in the form of a model, a human body simulation device including these blood vessel models and organ models, and a control method of the human body simulation device.
血管シミュレーション装置の概略構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the schematic structure of the blood vessel simulation apparatus. 血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrated the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model. 血管シミュレーション装置を用いた手技の模擬について説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the simulation of the procedure using the blood vessel simulation apparatus. アブレーション試験の結果を示す表である。It is a table which shows the result of the ablation test. 引張試験の結果を示す表である。It is a table which shows the result of a tensile test. 引張試験の結果を示す表である。It is a table which shows the result of a tensile test. 動物細胞と多孔質体の拡大図の一例である。It is an example of an enlarged view of an animal cell and a porous body. 第２実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrated the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 2nd Embodiment. 第３実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrated the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 3rd Embodiment. 第４実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrated the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 4th Embodiment. 第５実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 5th Embodiment. 第６実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrated the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 6th Embodiment. 第７実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 7th Embodiment. 第８実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 8th Embodiment. 第９実施形態の血管モデルの断面構成を例示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model of 9th Embodiment. 第１０実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置の概略構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the schematic structure of the blood vessel simulation apparatus of 10th Embodiment.
＜第１実施形態＞
　図１は、血管シミュレーション装置１００の概略構成を示す図である。本実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００は、血管に対する、医療用デバイスを用いた治療または検査の手技を模擬するために使用される装置である。本実施形態では、医療用デバイスとして、ストリーマ放電によって生体組織を切断するプラズマガイドワイヤを例示する。しかし、医療用デバイスには、カテーテルやガイドワイヤ等の、低侵襲な治療または検査のためのデバイス全般が用いられてもよい。血管シミュレーション装置１００は、病変部２を含む血管モデル１と、外側組織モデル３と、循環ポンプ９とを備えている。 <First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a blood vessel simulation device 100. The blood vessel simulation device 100 of the present embodiment is a device used for simulating a treatment or examination procedure using a medical device for a blood vessel. In this embodiment, as a medical device, a plasma guide wire that cuts a living tissue by a streamer discharge is exemplified. However, medical devices may include all devices for minimally invasive treatment or testing, such as catheters and guidewires. The blood vessel simulation device 100 includes a blood vessel model 1 including a lesion 2, an outer tissue model 3, and a circulation pump 9.
　図１では、血管モデル１、病変部２、及び外側組織モデル３の中心に通る軸を軸線Ｏ（一点鎖線）で表す。以降の例では、血管モデル１の中心を通る軸と、病変部２の中心を通る軸と、外側組織モデル３の中心を通る軸とは、いずれも軸線Ｏと一致する。しかし、血管モデル１、病変部２、及び外側組織モデル３の各中心を通る軸は、それぞれ軸線Ｏとは相違していてもよい。また、図１及び以降の図では、説明の便宜上、各構成部材の大きさの相対比を実際とは異なるように記載している部分を含んでいる。また、各構成部材の一部を誇張して記載している部分を含んでいる。 In FIG. 1, the axis passing through the center of the blood vessel model 1, the lesion 2, and the outer tissue model 3 is represented by the axis O (dashed line). In the following examples, the axis passing through the center of the blood vessel model 1, the axis passing through the center of the lesion 2, and the axis passing through the center of the outer tissue model 3 all coincide with the axis line O. However, the axes passing through the centers of the blood vessel model 1, the lesion 2, and the outer tissue model 3 may be different from the axis O, respectively. Further, in FIGS. 1 and the following figures, for convenience of explanation, a portion is included in which the relative ratio of the sizes of the constituent members is described so as to be different from the actual one. In addition, a part of each component is exaggerated and described.
　血管モデル１は、ヒトの血管を模擬したモデルである。血管モデル１は、両端に開口１ａ，１ｂを有する、長尺の略円筒形状であって、内側（図２に示す内腔１Ｌ）には、ヒトの病変部を模擬した病変部２が配置されている。病変部２は「病変モデル」とも呼ばれる。病変部２の詳細は後述する。血管モデル１の外側には、血管モデル１の外周面のうちの少なくとも一部分（図示の例では、血管モデル１の両端を除く中央部分）を取り囲むようにして、ヒトの筋肉、脂肪、皮膚等を模擬した外側組織モデル３が配置されている。外側組織モデル３は、軟性素材の合成樹脂（例えば、ポリビニルアルコール：ＰＶＡ、シリコン等）により形成されている。循環ポンプ９は、例えば、非容積式の遠心ポンプである。循環ポンプ９は、血管モデル１の開口１ａと開口１ｂとを繋ぐ流路の途中に設けられており、開口１ｂから排出された流体を循環させて、開口１ａへと供給する。 Blood vessel model 1 is a model that simulates human blood vessels. The blood vessel model 1 has a long substantially cylindrical shape having openings 1a and 1b at both ends, and a lesion portion 2 simulating a human lesion is arranged inside (lumen 1L shown in FIG. 2). ing. The lesion 2 is also referred to as a "lesion model". Details of the lesion 2 will be described later. On the outside of the blood vessel model 1, human muscle, fat, skin, etc. are surrounded by at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the blood vessel model 1 (in the illustrated example, the central part excluding both ends of the blood vessel model 1). A simulated outer tissue model 3 is arranged. The outer structure model 3 is formed of a soft material synthetic resin (for example, polyvinyl alcohol: PVA, silicon, etc.). The circulation pump 9 is, for example, a non-volumetric centrifugal pump. The circulation pump 9 is provided in the middle of the flow path connecting the opening 1a and the opening 1b of the blood vessel model 1, and circulates the fluid discharged from the opening 1b and supplies the fluid to the opening 1a.
　図２は、血管モデル１の断面構成を例示した説明図である。図２には、相互に直交するＸＹＺ軸を図示する。Ｘ軸は血管モデル１及び病変部２の長手方向に対応し、Ｙ軸は血管モデル１及び病変部２の高さ方向に対応し、Ｚ軸は血管モデル１及び病変部２の幅方向に対応する。図２の左側（－Ｘ軸方向）を血管モデル１及び病変部２の「先端側」と呼ぶ。先端側は、順行性アプローチを採用した場合に、医療用デバイスの挿入部位から遠い側（distal、遠位側）となる。また、図２の右側（＋Ｘ軸方向）を血管モデル１及び病変部２の「基端側」と呼ぶ。基端側は、順行性アプローチを採用した場合に、医療用デバイスの挿入部位から近い側（proximal、近位側）となる。これらの点は、図２以降においても共通する。 FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1. FIG. 2 illustrates XYZ axes that are orthogonal to each other. The X-axis corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion 2, the Y-axis corresponds to the height of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion 2, and the Z-axis corresponds to the width of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion 2. do. The left side (-X-axis direction) of FIG. 2 is referred to as the "tip side" of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion portion 2. The distal side is the side farther (distal, distal) from the insertion site of the medical device when the anterograde approach is adopted. Further, the right side (+ X-axis direction) of FIG. 2 is referred to as the "base end side" of the blood vessel model 1 and the lesion portion 2. The proximal side is the side closer to the insertion site of the medical device (proximal, proximal side) when the anterograde approach is adopted. These points are also common to FIGS. 2 and later.
　図２上段には、血管モデル１の縦断面構成を示す。図２下段（破線吹き出し内）には、図２上段のＡ－Ａ線に沿った横断面における血管モデル１の構成を示す。図２上段に示すように、血管モデル１は、血管部１０と、血管部１０の内腔１Ｌに配置された病変部２と、を有している。血管部１０は、ヒトの血管を模擬した部分であり、両端に開口１ａ，１ｂを有する中空管形状を有している。血管部１０は、第１の高分子材料により形成されている。本実施形態では、第１の高分子材料として、滑り性や弾性がヒトの血管と近似したＰＶＡが採用されている。しかし、第１の高分子材料としては、例えば、アガロース、アルギン酸ナトリウム、セルロース、デンプン、グリコーゲン等の多糖類や、シリコン、ラテックス、ポリウレタン等の樹脂を採用してもよい。なお、血管部１０の内径及び外径、Ｘ軸方向の長さは、任意に決定できる。 The upper part of FIG. 2 shows the vertical cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model 1. The lower part of FIG. 2 (inside the broken line balloon) shows the configuration of the blood vessel model 1 in the cross section along the line AA in the upper part of FIG. As shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, the blood vessel model 1 has a blood vessel portion 10 and a lesion portion 2 arranged in the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10. The blood vessel portion 10 is a portion simulating a human blood vessel and has a hollow tube shape having openings 1a and 1b at both ends. The blood vessel portion 10 is formed of the first polymer material. In the present embodiment, PVA having slipperiness and elasticity similar to those of human blood vessels is adopted as the first polymer material. However, as the first polymer material, for example, polysaccharides such as agarose, sodium alginate, cellulose, starch and glycogen, and resins such as silicon, latex and polyurethane may be adopted. The inner and outer diameters of the blood vessel portion 10 and the length in the X-axis direction can be arbitrarily determined.
　病変部２は、本体部４０と、第１キャップ部材３０と、第２キャップ部材２０とを有している。本体部４０は、ヒトの病変部のうちの、内側部分の組織（例えば、プラーク病変）を模擬している。図２に示すように、本体部４０は、血管部１０の内腔１Ｌに充填されることにより、血管部１０における流体の流通を阻害している。具体的には、本体部４０は、血管部１０の内周面１２に接触し、かつ、血管部１０の内腔１Ｌを塞いだ状態で、血管部１０の内側に配置されている。本体部４０の先端側（換言すれば、第１キャップ部材３０に面する側）には、第１キャップ部材３０の形状に沿って、略円錐状に窪んだ凹部４１が形成されている。本体部４０の基端側（換言すれば、第２キャップ部材２０に面する側）には、第２キャップ部材２０の形状に沿って傾斜した傾斜部４２が形成されている。本体部４０の先端面は第１キャップ部材３０に接触しており、本体部４０の基端面は第２キャップ部材２０に接触している。 The lesion portion 2 has a main body portion 40, a first cap member 30, and a second cap member 20. The body 40 mimics the tissue of the medial part of a human lesion (eg, a plaque lesion). As shown in FIG. 2, the main body portion 40 is filled in the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10 to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion 10. Specifically, the main body portion 40 is arranged inside the blood vessel portion 10 in a state of being in contact with the inner peripheral surface 12 of the blood vessel portion 10 and closing the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10. On the tip end side (in other words, the side facing the first cap member 30) of the main body portion 40, a concave portion 41 recessed in a substantially conical shape is formed along the shape of the first cap member 30. An inclined portion 42 inclined along the shape of the second cap member 20 is formed on the base end side of the main body portion 40 (in other words, the side facing the second cap member 20). The tip surface of the main body 40 is in contact with the first cap member 30, and the base end surface of the main body 40 is in contact with the second cap member 20.
　本体部４０は、血管部１０を構成する第１の高分子材料とは異なる、第２の高分子材料により形成されている。本実施形態では、第２の高分子材料として、弾性がＣＴＯと近似したアガロースが採用されている。しかし、第２の高分子材料としては、例えば、ＰＶＡ、アルギン酸ナトリウム、セルロース、デンプン、グリコーゲン等の多糖類や、シリコン、ラテックス、ポリウレタン等の樹脂を採用してもよい。なお、本体部４０のＸ軸方向の長さは、任意に決定できる。 The main body portion 40 is formed of a second polymer material different from the first polymer material constituting the blood vessel portion 10. In the present embodiment, agarose whose elasticity is close to that of CTO is adopted as the second polymer material. However, as the second polymer material, for example, polysaccharides such as PVA, sodium alginate, cellulose, starch and glycogen, and resins such as silicon, latex and polyurethane may be adopted. The length of the main body 40 in the X-axis direction can be arbitrarily determined.
　第１キャップ部材３０は、ヒトの病変部のうちの、圧縮されて硬くなった先端側部分の組織（例えば、プラーク病変の塊や、石灰化病変等）を模擬している。図２上段に示すように、第１キャップ部材３０は、本体部４０よりも先端側に配置されて、本体部４０の先端面を被覆している。本実施形態では、第１キャップ部材３０は、突出部３１と、本体部３２とを有している。突出部３１は、第１キャップ部材３０のうちの基端側（換言すれば、本体部４０に面する側）に位置しており、第１キャップ部材３０の一部分が本体部４０に向かって突出した部分である。本実施形態では、突出部３１は、略円錐形状を有している。本体部３２は、第１キャップ部材３０のうちの先端側（換言すれば、本体部４０に面する側の反対側）に位置した部分であり、略円柱形状を有している。 The first cap member 30 simulates the compressed and hardened tissue of the distal end side of the human lesion (for example, a mass of plaque lesion, a calcified lesion, etc.). As shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, the first cap member 30 is arranged on the tip end side of the main body portion 40 and covers the tip surface of the main body portion 40. In the present embodiment, the first cap member 30 has a protruding portion 31 and a main body portion 32. The protruding portion 31 is located on the base end side (in other words, the side facing the main body portion 40) of the first cap member 30, and a part of the first cap member 30 protrudes toward the main body portion 40. This is the part that was done. In the present embodiment, the protruding portion 31 has a substantially conical shape. The main body portion 32 is a portion of the first cap member 30 located on the tip end side (in other words, the side opposite to the side facing the main body portion 40), and has a substantially cylindrical shape.
　ここで、第１キャップ部材３０のＸ軸方向の長さＬ３０は、１ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。長さＬ３０を１ｍｍ以上とすれば、貫通ガイドワイヤ（アブレーションを行わず、物理的に病変部２を貫通するためのガイドワイヤ）による第１キャップ部材３０の貫通を困難とできるため、血管モデル１をプラズマガイドワイヤの使用に適した構成とできる。なお、長さＬ３０は、図２上段に示すように、任意の縦断面において、第１キャップ部材３０が最も－Ｘ軸側に位置する点の延長線から、最も＋Ｘ軸側に位置する点の延長線までの長さとする。 Here, the length L30 of the first cap member 30 in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more. If the length L30 is 1 mm or more, it is difficult for the penetrating guide wire (a guide wire for physically penetrating the lesion 2 without ablation) to penetrate the first cap member 30, so that the blood vessel model 1 Can be configured to be suitable for use with plasma guide wires. As shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, the length L30 is a point located on the + X-axis side most from the extension line of the point where the first cap member 30 is located most on the −X-axis side in an arbitrary vertical cross section. The length to the extension line.
　第１キャップ部材３０は、多孔質体により形成されている。本実施形態では、多孔質体として、ポリウレタンスポンジが採用されている。しかし、多孔質体としては、例えば、ポリウレタン以外の合成樹脂を発泡成形して作られた合成スポンジが採用されてもよく、天然の海綿が採用されてもよい。ここで、第１キャップ部材３０の細孔の内径は、０．５μｍ以上、かつ、２００μｍ以下であることが好ましく、１０μｍ以上、かつ、３０μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。第１キャップ部材３０の細孔の内径は、第１キャップ部材３０を顕微鏡観察した際に、所定の単位面積中に含まれる複数の細孔についての、内径の平均値を採用できる。このとき、楕円形状の細孔の場合、長手方向の内径を採用して平均値を求める。なお、突出部３１のＸ軸方向の長さ及び形状、本体部３２のＸ軸方向の長さは、任意に決定できる。 The first cap member 30 is formed of a porous body. In this embodiment, a polyurethane sponge is adopted as the porous body. However, as the porous body, for example, a synthetic sponge made by foam molding a synthetic resin other than polyurethane may be adopted, or natural sponge may be adopted. Here, the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member 30 is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less. As the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member 30, when the first cap member 30 is observed under a microscope, the average value of the inner diameters of a plurality of pores contained in a predetermined unit area can be adopted. At this time, in the case of elliptical pores, the inner diameter in the longitudinal direction is adopted to obtain the average value. The length and shape of the protruding portion 31 in the X-axis direction and the length of the main body portion 32 in the X-axis direction can be arbitrarily determined.
　第２キャップ部材２０は、ヒトの病変部のうちの、圧縮されて硬くなった基端側部分の組織（例えば、プラーク病変の塊や、石灰化病変等）を模擬している。図２上段に示すように、第２キャップ部材２０は、本体部４０よりも基端側に配置されて、本体部４０の基端面を被覆している。本実施形態では、第２キャップ部材２０は平板状である。第２キャップ部材２０のうちの基端側（換言すれば、本体部４０に面する側の反対側）の端面２１は、血管部１０の中心軸Ｏに対して傾斜している。 The second cap member 20 simulates a compressed and hardened tissue on the proximal end side (for example, a mass of plaque lesions, a calcified lesion, etc.) in a human lesion. As shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, the second cap member 20 is arranged on the proximal end side of the main body portion 40 and covers the proximal end surface of the main body portion 40. In the present embodiment, the second cap member 20 has a flat plate shape. The end surface 21 of the second cap member 20 on the base end side (in other words, the side opposite to the side facing the main body 40) is inclined with respect to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10.
　ここで、第２キャップ部材２０のＸ軸方向の長さＬ２０は、１ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。長さＬ２０を１ｍｍ以上とすれば、貫通ガイドワイヤによる第２キャップ部材２０の貫通を困難とできるため、血管モデル１をプラズマガイドワイヤの使用に適した構成とできる。なお、長さＬ２０は、図２上段に示すように、任意の縦断面において、第２キャップ部材２０のＸ軸方向の長さが最も短い部分の長さとする。 Here, the length L20 of the second cap member 20 in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more. If the length L20 is 1 mm or more, it is difficult for the second cap member 20 to penetrate the through guide wire, so that the blood vessel model 1 can be configured to be suitable for use of the plasma guide wire. As shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, the length L20 is the length of the portion of the second cap member 20 having the shortest length in the X-axis direction in an arbitrary vertical cross section.
　第２キャップ部材２０は、血管部１０を構成する第１の高分子材料とは異なり、かつ、本体部４０を構成する第２の高分子材料とも異なる、第３の高分子材料により形成されている。本実施形態では、第３の高分子材料として、血管部１０とは異なる硬さを有するＰＶＡが採用されている。しかし、第３の高分子材料としては、例えば、アガロース、アルギン酸ナトリウム、セルロース、デンプン、グリコーゲン等の多糖類や、シリコン、ラテックス、ポリウレタン等の樹脂を採用してもよい。なお、第２キャップ部材２０の長さＬ２０、及び第２キャップ部材２０の軸線Ｏに対する傾きは、任意に決定できる。 The second cap member 20 is formed of a third polymer material that is different from the first polymer material constituting the blood vessel portion 10 and also different from the second polymer material constituting the main body portion 40. There is. In the present embodiment, PVA having a hardness different from that of the blood vessel portion 10 is adopted as the third polymer material. However, as the third polymer material, for example, polysaccharides such as agarose, sodium alginate, cellulose, starch and glycogen, and resins such as silicon, latex and polyurethane may be adopted. The length L20 of the second cap member 20 and the inclination of the second cap member 20 with respect to the axis O can be arbitrarily determined.
　図３は、血管シミュレーション装置１００を用いた手技の模擬について説明する図である。以上のような血管シミュレーション装置１００を用いて、術者は、血管モデル１の病変部２に対する、医療用デバイスを用いた手技の模擬ができる。例えば、術者は、循環ポンプ９を動作させて、流体（例えば、生理食塩水などの模擬血液）を血管モデル１に循環させた状態で、血管部１０の一部分を切開して、血管部１０の内腔１Ｌにプラズマガイドワイヤ８を挿入する。その後、術者は、プラズマガイドワイヤ８の先端部を、病変部２の位置までデリバリする。例えば術者は、図示のように、プラズマガイドワイヤ８の先端部を、第２キャップ部材２０の側から病変部２に接近させる順行性アプローチを行う。その後、術者は、プラズマガイドワイヤ８のストリーマ放電によって、第２キャップ部材２０を図示のようにアブレーションし、続いて、本体部４０と第１キャップ部材３０とをアブレーションすることで、病変部２を開通させる手技を模擬できる。 FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a simulation of a procedure using the blood vessel simulation device 100. Using the blood vessel simulation device 100 as described above, the operator can simulate a procedure using a medical device for the lesion portion 2 of the blood vessel model 1. For example, the surgeon operates a circulation pump 9 to circulate a fluid (for example, simulated blood such as physiological saline) in the blood vessel model 1, incises a part of the blood vessel portion 10, and performs the blood vessel portion 10. The plasma guide wire 8 is inserted into the lumen 1L of the blood vessel. After that, the operator delivers the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 to the position of the lesion 2. For example, the operator performs an anterograde approach in which the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 is brought closer to the lesion 2 from the side of the second cap member 20, as shown in the figure. After that, the operator ablate the second cap member 20 as shown in the figure by the streamer discharge of the plasma guide wire 8, and then ablate the main body portion 40 and the first cap member 30 to cause the lesion portion 2. Can be simulated to open the door.
　なお、術者は、プラズマガイドワイヤ８の先端部を、第１キャップ部材３０の側から病変部２に接近させる逆行性アプローチによって、病変部２を開通させる手技を模擬してもよい。また、術者は、プラズマガイドワイヤ８以外の、他の医療用デバイスを用いた手技の模擬のために、血管シミュレーション装置１００を用いてもよい。例えば、術者は、貫通ガイドワイヤを用いて、病変部２の開通を行う手技を模擬してもよい。この場合、貫通ガイドワイヤによるアプローチを受ける側に位置するキャップ部材（第１キャップ部材３０または第２キャップ部材２０）の長さＬ３０またはＬ２０は、１ｍｍ未満とされることが好ましい。 The surgeon may simulate a procedure for opening the lesion 2 by a retrograde approach in which the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 is brought closer to the lesion 2 from the side of the first cap member 30. Further, the surgeon may use the blood vessel simulation device 100 for simulating a procedure using another medical device other than the plasma guide wire 8. For example, the surgeon may use a penetrating guide wire to simulate a procedure for opening a lesion 2. In this case, the length L30 or L20 of the cap member (first cap member 30 or second cap member 20) located on the side receiving the approach by the through guide wire is preferably less than 1 mm.
　図４は、アブレーション試験の結果を示す表である。本試験では、次のａ１～ａ５に示す材料からなる、厚さ１ｍｍのサンプルを準備した。
（ａ１）サンプルＳ１０：ヒトの大動脈壁のサンプル
（ａ２）サンプルＳ２１：ＰＶＡ４０００を用いて作製された第２キャップ部材２０のサンプルであって、ＰＶＡ濃度を１５ｗｔ％としたサンプル
（ａ３）サンプルＳ２２：ＰＶＡ４０００を用いて作製された第２キャップ部材２０のサンプルであって、ＰＶＡ濃度を２０ｗｔ％としたサンプル
（ａ４）サンプルＳ３１：細孔の内径が２５μｍのポリウレタンスポンジを用いて作製された第１キャップ部材３０のサンプル
（ａ５）サンプルＳ３２：細孔の内径が１５μｍのポリウレタンスポンジを用いて作製された第１キャップ部材３０のサンプル FIG. 4 is a table showing the results of the ablation test. In this test, a 1 mm thick sample made of the materials shown in the following a1 to a5 was prepared.
(A1) Sample S10: Human aortic wall sample (a2) Sample S21: A sample of the second cap member 20 prepared using PVA4000, and a sample (a3) sample S22: having a PVA concentration of 15 wt%. Sample (a4) sample S31 which is a sample of the second cap member 20 manufactured by using PVA4000 and has a PVA concentration of 20 wt%: the first cap manufactured by using a polyurethane sponge having an inner diameter of 25 μm. Sample of member 30 (a5) Sample S32: Sample of the first cap member 30 produced by using a polyurethane sponge having an inner diameter of a pore of 15 μm.
　次いで、各サンプルに対して、プラズマガイドワイヤ８のストリーマ放電によるアブレーションを行った。その結果、各サンプルに穿たれた穴のうち、最も深い部分までの長さを測定し「アブレーション深さ（ｍｍ）」とした。図４の横軸には各サンプルを、縦軸には測定されたアブレーション深さを、それぞれ記載している。図４のＳ２１，Ｓ２２に示すように、第２キャップ部材２０の材料として用いたＰＶＡ４０００は、ヒト大動脈壁（Ｓ１０）と同等のアブレーション深さとなることから、第２キャップ部材２０において、ヒト大動脈壁のアブレーションによる損傷形態を模擬できていることがわかる。同様に、図４のＳ３１，Ｓ３２に示すように、第１キャップ部材３０の材料として用いたポリウレタンスポンジは、ヒト大動脈壁（Ｓ１０）と同等のアブレーション深さとなることから、第１キャップ部材３０において、ヒト大動脈壁のアブレーションによる損傷形態を模擬できていることがわかる。 Next, each sample was ablated by the streamer discharge of the plasma guide wire 8. As a result, the length to the deepest part of the holes drilled in each sample was measured and used as the "ablation depth (mm)". The horizontal axis of FIG. 4 shows each sample, and the vertical axis shows the measured ablation depth. As shown in S21 and S22 of FIG. 4, the PVA4000 used as the material of the second cap member 20 has an ablation depth equivalent to that of the human aorta wall (S10). It can be seen that the damage form due to ablation can be simulated. Similarly, as shown in S31 and S32 of FIG. 4, the polyurethane sponge used as the material of the first cap member 30 has an ablation depth equivalent to that of the human aortic wall (S10). , It can be seen that the damage morphology due to ablation of the human aortic wall can be simulated.
　図５は、引張試験の結果を示す表である。図５（Ａ）は引張試験の結果を表す図である。図５（Ｂ）は引張試験のサンプル片の形状を表す図である。本試験では、次のｂ１，ｂ２に示す材料からなる、図５（Ｂ）に示す形状のサンプルを準備した。
（ｂ１）サンプルＳ１１：ウシの大動脈壁のサンプル
（ｂ２）サンプルＳ３３，Ｓ３４，Ｓ３５：細孔の内径が１５μｍのポリウレタンスポンジを用いて作製された第１キャップ部材３０のサンプル FIG. 5 is a table showing the results of the tensile test. FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the results of a tensile test. FIG. 5B is a diagram showing the shape of a sample piece for a tensile test. In this test, a sample having the shape shown in FIG. 5B, which consists of the materials shown in the following b1 and b2, was prepared.
(B1) Sample S11: Bovine aortic wall sample (b2) Samples S33, S34, S35: Sample of the first cap member 30 prepared using a polyurethane sponge having a pore inner diameter of 15 μm.
　次いで、各サンプルを引張試験機にかけて、付加した「荷重（Ｎ）」と、各サンプルが破断するまでの「伸び（ｍｍ）」を測定した。図５の横軸には伸びを、縦軸には荷重を、それぞれ記載している。図５のＳ３３，Ｓ３４，Ｓ３５に示すように、第１キャップ部材３０の材料として用いたポリウレタンスポンジは、ウシ大動脈壁（Ｓ１１）と同等の初期弾性率（図５：破線丸枠）であることから、第１キャップ部材３０において、ウシ大動脈壁の物理的特性を模擬できていることがわかる。 Next, each sample was subjected to a tensile tester, and the applied "load (N)" and the "elongation (mm)" until each sample broke were measured. The horizontal axis of FIG. 5 shows the elongation, and the vertical axis shows the load. As shown in S33, S34, and S35 of FIG. 5, the polyurethane sponge used as the material of the first cap member 30 has an initial elastic modulus equivalent to that of the bovine aortic wall (S11) (FIG. 5: broken line round frame). From this, it can be seen that the physical characteristics of the bovine aortic wall can be simulated in the first cap member 30.
　図６は、引張試験の結果を示す表である。本試験では、次のｃ１～ｃ４に示す材料からなる、図５（Ｂ）に示す形状のサンプルを準備した。
（ｃ１）サンプルＳ１２：ウシの大動脈壁のサンプル
（ｃ２）サンプルＳ２３：ＰＶＡ１７００を用いて作製された第２キャップ部材２０のサンプルであって、ＰＶＡ濃度を２０ｗｔ％としたサンプル
（ｃ３）サンプルＳ２４：ＰＶＡ４０００を用いて作製された第２キャップ部材２０のサンプルであって、ＰＶＡ濃度を２０ｗｔ％としたサンプル
（ｃ４）サンプルＳ３６：細孔の内径が１５μｍのポリウレタンスポンジを用いて作製された第１キャップ部材３０のサンプル FIG. 6 is a table showing the results of the tensile test. In this test, a sample having the shape shown in FIG. 5B, which consists of the materials shown in the following c1 to c4, was prepared.
(C1) Sample S12: Bovine aortic wall sample (c2) Sample S23: A sample of the second cap member 20 prepared using PVA1700, and a sample (c3) sample S24: having a PVA concentration of 20 wt%. Sample (c4) sample S36 which is a sample of the second cap member 20 manufactured by using PVA4000 and has a PVA concentration of 20 wt%: the first cap manufactured by using a polyurethane sponge having an inner diameter of 15 μm. Sample of member 30
　次いで、各サンプルを引張試験機にかけて荷重を付加し、変位量を測定することで、「応力（ＭＰａ）」と「歪み（％）」との関係を求めた。図６の横軸には応力を、縦軸には歪みを、それぞれ記載している。図６のＳ２４に示すように、第２キャップ部材２０の材料として用いたＰＶＡ４０００は、ウシ大動脈壁（Ｓ１２）と同等の初期弾性率（図６：破線丸枠）であることから、第２キャップ部材２０において、ウシ大動脈壁の物理的特性を模擬できていることがわかる。同様に、図６のＳ３６に示すように、第１キャップ部材３０の材料として用いたポリウレタンスポンジは、ウシ大動脈壁（Ｓ１２）と同等の初期弾性率（図６：破線丸枠）であることから、第１キャップ部材３０において、ウシ大動脈壁の物理的特性を模擬できていることがわかる。 Next, a load was applied to each sample on a tensile tester, and the amount of displacement was measured to determine the relationship between "stress (MPa)" and "strain (%)". The horizontal axis of FIG. 6 shows stress, and the vertical axis shows strain. As shown in S24 of FIG. 6, the PVA4000 used as the material of the second cap member 20 has an initial elastic modulus equivalent to that of the bovine aortic wall (S12) (FIG. 6: broken line round frame), and therefore the second cap. It can be seen that the member 20 can simulate the physical properties of the bovine aortic wall. Similarly, as shown in S36 of FIG. 6, the polyurethane sponge used as the material of the first cap member 30 has an initial elastic modulus equivalent to that of the bovine aortic wall (S12) (FIG. 6: broken line round frame). It can be seen that the first cap member 30 can simulate the physical characteristics of the bovine aortic wall.
　図７は、動物細胞と多孔質体の拡大図の一例である。図７（Ａ）には、動物細胞の例としてのウシの大動脈壁を、顕微鏡で観察した際の像を示す。図７（Ｂ）には、細孔の内径が２５μｍのポリウレタンスポンジを用いて作製された第１キャップ部材３０のサンプルを、顕微鏡で観察した際の像を示す。図示のように、ポリウレタンスポンジは、ウシ大動脈壁を構成する動物細胞と同様の大きさの、水分を保持するための微小な空隙を有している。このため、ポリウレタンスポンジにおける細孔の内径を、動物細胞の内径に近似させることによって、ポリウレタンスポンジを、動物細胞に類似した物理的特性やアブレーションによる損傷形態とすることができる。 FIG. 7 is an example of an enlarged view of an animal cell and a porous body. FIG. 7A shows an image of a bovine aortic wall as an example of animal cells when observed under a microscope. FIG. 7B shows an image of a sample of the first cap member 30 made of a polyurethane sponge having a pore diameter of 25 μm when observed under a microscope. As shown, the polyurethane sponge has tiny voids for retaining water, similar in size to the animal cells that make up the bovine aortic wall. Therefore, by approximating the inner diameter of the pores in the polyurethane sponge to the inner diameter of the animal cell, the polyurethane sponge can have physical properties similar to those of the animal cell and a form of damage due to ablation.
　以上のように、第１実施形態の血管モデル１において、病変部２（病変モデル）は、本体部４０と、本体部４０よりも先端側に配置された第１キャップ部材３０と、本体部４０よりも基端側に配置された第２キャップ部材２０と、を有する。このため、本体部４０の両端に配置された第１キャップ部材３０及び第２キャップ部材２０によって、実際のヒトの病変部のうちの「圧縮されて硬くなった外側部分」を模擬できる。また、病変部２のうち、本体部４０は第２の高分子材料により形成され、第２キャップ部材２０は多孔質体により形成されている。このため、病変部２をアクリル樹脂やポリカーボネートにより形成する場合と比較して、病変部２の硬さを実際のヒトの病変部に近づけることができる。さらに、第２の高分子材料により形成された本体部４０と、多孔質体により形成された第１キャップ部材３０とは、共に導電性を有する。このため、プラズマガイドワイヤ８を用いてアブレーションした際の病変部２の状態を、実際のヒトの病変部に似せることができる。これらの結果、病変部２を有する血管モデル１において、医療用デバイスを用いた手技の模擬を実臨床に近い環境で実現可能とできる。 As described above, in the blood vessel model 1 of the first embodiment, the lesion portion 2 (lesion model) includes the main body portion 40, the first cap member 30 arranged on the tip side of the main body portion 40, and the main body portion 40. It has a second cap member 20 arranged on the base end side thereof. Therefore, the "compressed and hardened outer portion" of the actual human lesion can be simulated by the first cap member 30 and the second cap member 20 arranged at both ends of the main body portion 40. Further, in the lesion portion 2, the main body portion 40 is formed of a second polymer material, and the second cap member 20 is formed of a porous body. Therefore, the hardness of the lesion 2 can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the lesion 2 is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate. Further, the main body portion 40 formed of the second polymer material and the first cap member 30 formed of the porous body both have conductivity. Therefore, the state of the lesion 2 when ablated with the plasma guide wire 8 can be made to resemble an actual human lesion. As a result, in the blood vessel model 1 having the lesion portion 2, it is possible to realize the simulation of the procedure using the medical device in an environment close to the actual clinical practice.
　また、第１実施形態の血管モデル１において、本体部４０は、血管部１０の内腔１Ｌに充填されることにより、血管部１０における流体の流通を阻害しており、第１キャップ部材３０は本体部４０の先端面を、第２キャップ部材２０は本体部４０の基端面を、それぞれ被覆しているため、慢性完全閉塞（ＣＴＯ：Chronic Total Occlusion）を模擬した病変部２を実現できる。 Further, in the blood vessel model 1 of the first embodiment, the main body portion 40 is filled in the lumen 1L of the blood vessel portion 10 to obstruct the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion 10, and the first cap member 30 is Since the tip surface of the main body 40 and the second cap member 20 cover the proximal surface of the main body 40, a lesion portion 2 simulating a chronic complete occlusion (CTO: Chronic Total Occlusion) can be realized.
　さらに、実際のヒトの病変部では、病変部の端部においてプラーク病変が血管に詰まり、血圧により圧縮されてプラーク病変の塊を生じる場合がある。第１実施形態の血管モデル１によれば、第１キャップ部材３０のうち、本体部４０に面する側には、本体部４０に向かって突出した突出部３１が形成されているため、この突出部３１によって、実際のヒトの病変部に生じるプラーク病変の塊を模擬できる。また、第１キャップ部材３０の細孔の内径は、０．５μｍ以上、かつ、２００μｍ以下であるため、第１キャップ部材３０が有する空隙の大きさを、動物細胞の大きさに近似させることができる。この結果、第１キャップ部材３０内に保持される水分量を、実際のヒトの病変部において保持される水分量に近似させることができ、プラズマガイドワイヤ８を用いてアブレーションした際の病変部２の状態を、実際のヒトの病変部により一層似せることができる。 Furthermore, in an actual human lesion, the plaque lesion may clog a blood vessel at the end of the lesion and be compressed by blood pressure to form a mass of plaque lesion. According to the blood vessel model 1 of the first embodiment, since the protruding portion 31 protruding toward the main body portion 40 is formed on the side of the first cap member 30 facing the main body portion 40, this protrusion is formed. Section 31 can simulate a mass of plaque lesions that occurs in an actual human lesion. Further, since the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member 30 is 0.5 μm or more and 200 μm or less, the size of the voids of the first cap member 30 can be approximated to the size of an animal cell. can. As a result, the amount of water retained in the first cap member 30 can be approximated to the amount of water retained in the actual human lesion, and the lesion 2 when ablated with the plasma guide wire 8 can be used. The condition can be more similar to that of a real human lesion.
　さらに、第１実施形態の血管モデル１によれば、第２キャップ部材２０のうち、本体部４０に面する側の反対側の基端面２１（すなわち、外側の端面）は、血管部１０の中心軸Ｏに対して傾斜している。このため、プラズマガイドワイヤ８等の医療用デバイスの先端部を、基端面２１において滑りやすくできる。この結果、血管モデル１を用いて模擬可能な手技の難易度を向上させることができ、術者の手技のレベル向上に役立てることができる。また、第２キャップ部材２０は、第１の高分子材料及び第２の高分子材料とはそれぞれ異なる、第３の高分子材料により形成されている。このため、第２キャップ部材２０をアクリル樹脂やポリカーボネートにより形成する場合と比較して、第２キャップ部材２０の硬さを実際のヒトの病変部に近づけることができる。さらに、第２キャップ部材２０は導電性を有するため、プラズマガイドワイヤ８を用いてアブレーションした際の病変部２の状態を、実際のヒトの病変部に似せることができる。 Further, according to the blood vessel model 1 of the first embodiment, in the second cap member 20, the proximal end surface 21 (that is, the outer end surface) on the opposite side to the main body portion 40 is the center of the blood vessel portion 10. It is tilted with respect to the axis O. Therefore, the tip end portion of the medical device such as the plasma guide wire 8 can be made slippery on the proximal end surface 21. As a result, the difficulty level of the procedure that can be simulated by using the blood vessel model 1 can be improved, which can be useful for improving the level of the procedure of the operator. Further, the second cap member 20 is formed of a third polymer material, which is different from the first polymer material and the second polymer material. Therefore, the hardness of the second cap member 20 can be made closer to that of an actual human lesion as compared with the case where the second cap member 20 is formed of acrylic resin or polycarbonate. Further, since the second cap member 20 has conductivity, the state of the lesion portion 2 when ablated with the plasma guide wire 8 can be made to resemble an actual human lesion portion.
＜第２実施形態＞
　図８は、第２実施形態の血管モデル１Ａの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第２実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ａは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ａを備える。血管モデル１Ａは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、病変部２に代えて病変部２Ａを備える。病変部２Ａは、第２キャップ部材２０に代えて第２キャップ部材２０Ａを有している。第２キャップ部材２０Ａは、多孔質体により形成されている点を除いて、第１実施形態と同様の構成を有している。多孔質体としては、例えば、ポリウレタンスポンジ、ポリウレタン以外の合成樹脂を発泡成形して作られた合成スポンジ、天然の海綿が採用されてもよい。ここで、第２キャップ部材２０Ａには、第１キャップ部材３０と同じ材料が使用されてもよく、第１キャップ部材３０とは異なる材料が使用されてもよい。 <Second Embodiment>
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100A of the second embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1A instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1A includes a lesion 2A instead of the lesion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The lesion portion 2A has a second cap member 20A instead of the second cap member 20. The second cap member 20A has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that it is formed of a porous body. As the porous body, for example, a polyurethane sponge, a synthetic sponge made by foam molding a synthetic resin other than polyurethane, or natural sponge may be adopted. Here, the same material as the first cap member 30 may be used for the second cap member 20A, or a material different from that of the first cap member 30 may be used.
　このように、第２キャップ部材２０Ａの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、ポリウレタンスポンジ等の多孔質体により形成されてもよい。また、第２キャップ部材２０Ａには、第１キャップ部材３０と同じ材料が使用されてもよい。このような第２実施形態の血管モデル１Ａによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。第２実施形態の血管モデル１Ａによれば、種々の材料で第２キャップ部材２０Ａを形成できる。 As described above, the configuration of the second cap member 20A can be variously changed, and may be formed of a porous body such as a polyurethane sponge. Further, the same material as that of the first cap member 30 may be used for the second cap member 20A. The blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment, the second cap member 20A can be formed of various materials.
＜第３実施形態＞
　図９は、第３実施形態の血管モデル１Ｂの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第３実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｂは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ｂを備える。血管モデル１Ｂは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、病変部２に代えて病変部２Ｂを備える。病変部２Ｂは、第２キャップ部材２０に代えて第２キャップ部材２０Ｂを有している。第２キャップ部材２０Ｂは、第２キャップ部材２０Ｂの基端面２１が、血管部１０の中心軸Ｏに対して垂直に配置されている点を除いて、第１実施形態と同様の構成を有している。このように、第２キャップ部材２０Ｂの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、第２キャップ部材２０Ｂの基端面２１は、血管部１０の中心軸Ｏに対して垂直であってもよい。このような第３実施形態の血管モデル１Ｂによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。第３実施形態の血管モデル１Ｂによれば、種々の傾きで第２キャップ部材２０Ｂを配置できる。 <Third Embodiment>
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1B of the third embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100B of the third embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1B instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1B includes the lesion portion 2B instead of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The lesion portion 2B has a second cap member 20B instead of the second cap member 20. The second cap member 20B has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the proximal end surface 21 of the second cap member 20B is arranged perpendicular to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10. ing. As described above, the configuration of the second cap member 20B can be variously changed, and the proximal end surface 21 of the second cap member 20B may be perpendicular to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10. The blood vessel model 1B of the third embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1B of the third embodiment, the second cap member 20B can be arranged at various inclinations.
＜第４実施形態＞
　図１０は、第４実施形態の血管モデル１Ｃの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第４実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｃは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ｃを備える。血管モデル１Ｃは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、病変部２に代えて病変部２Ｃを備える。病変部２Ｃは、第２キャップ部材２０に代えて第２キャップ部材２０Ｃを有している。第２キャップ部材２０Ｃは、略Ｃ字状に湾曲した板状である。第２キャップ部材２０Ｃのうち、本体部４０に面する側の反対側の基端面２１Ｃは、一部分が血管部１０の中心軸Ｏに対して傾斜しており、一部分が中心軸Ｏに対して垂直である。 <Fourth Embodiment>
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1C of the fourth embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100C of the fourth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1C instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1C includes a lesion 2C instead of the lesion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The lesion portion 2C has a second cap member 20C instead of the second cap member 20. The second cap member 20C has a plate shape curved in a substantially C shape. Of the second cap member 20C, a part of the proximal end surface 21C on the opposite side facing the main body 40 is inclined with respect to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10, and a part is perpendicular to the central axis O. Is.
　このように、第２キャップ部材２０Ｃの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、第２キャップ部材２０Ｃの形状は、平板状に限らず、任意の形状とできる。例えば、第２キャップ部材２０Ｃは、略Ｃ字状に湾曲した板状のほか、球状や、半球状や、そのほかランダムな形状であってもよい。例えば、第２キャップ部材２０Ｃは、第１キャップ部材３０と同様に、略円錐形状の突出部と、略円柱形状の本体部とを有する構成であってもよい。このような第４実施形態の血管モデル１Ｃによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。第４実施形態の血管モデル１Ｃによれば、第２キャップ部材２０Ｃを種々の形状とできる。 As described above, the configuration of the second cap member 20C can be changed in various ways, and the shape of the second cap member 20C is not limited to the flat plate shape but can be any shape. For example, the second cap member 20C may have a substantially C-shaped curved plate shape, a spherical shape, a hemispherical shape, or a random shape. For example, the second cap member 20C may have a structure having a substantially conical protruding portion and a substantially cylindrical main body portion, similarly to the first cap member 30. The blood vessel model 1C of the fourth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1C of the fourth embodiment, the second cap member 20C can have various shapes.
＜第５実施形態＞
　図１１は、第５実施形態の血管モデル１Ｄの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第５実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｄは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ｄを備える。血管モデル１Ｄは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、病変部２に代えて病変部２Ｄを備える。病変部２Ｄは、第１キャップ部材３０に代えて第１キャップ部材３０Ｄを有している。第１キャップ部材３０Ｄは、平板状であって、血管部１０の中心軸Ｏに対して垂直に配置されている。第１キャップ部材３０ＤのＸ軸方向の長さＬ３０Ｄは、１ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。ここで、長さＬ３０Ｄは、図１１に示すように、任意の縦断面において、第１キャップ部材３０ＤのＸ軸方向の長さが最も短い部分の長さとする。 <Fifth Embodiment>
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1D of the fifth embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100D of the fifth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1D instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1D includes the lesion portion 2D in place of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The lesion portion 2D has a first cap member 30D instead of the first cap member 30. The first cap member 30D has a flat plate shape and is arranged perpendicular to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10. The length L30D of the first cap member 30D in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more. Here, as shown in FIG. 11, the length L30D is the length of the portion of the first cap member 30D having the shortest length in the X-axis direction in any vertical cross section.
　このように、第１キャップ部材３０Ｄの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、第１キャップ部材３０Ｄの形状は、突出部３１及び本体部３２を有する形状に限らず、任意の形状とできる。例えば、第１キャップ部材３０Ｄは、平板状のほか、略Ｃ字状に湾曲した板状や、球状や、半球状や、そのほかランダムな形状であってもよい。また、第１キャップ部材３０Ｄは、第２キャップ部材２０と同様に、血管部１０の中心軸Ｏに対して傾斜して配置されていてもよい。このような第５実施形態の血管モデル１Ｄによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。第５実施形態の血管モデル１Ｄによれば、第１キャップ部材３０Ｄを種々の形状とできる。 As described above, the configuration of the first cap member 30D can be variously changed, and the shape of the first cap member 30D is not limited to the shape having the protruding portion 31 and the main body portion 32, and can be any shape. For example, the first cap member 30D may have a flat plate shape, a plate shape curved in a substantially C shape, a spherical shape, a hemispherical shape, or a random shape. Further, the first cap member 30D may be arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the central axis O of the blood vessel portion 10, similarly to the second cap member 20. The blood vessel model 1D of the fifth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1D of the fifth embodiment, the first cap member 30D can have various shapes.
＜第６実施形態＞
　図１２は、第６実施形態の血管モデル１Ｅの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第６実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｅは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ｅを備える。血管モデル１Ｅは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、病変部２に代えて病変部２Ｅを備える。病変部２Ｅは、第１キャップ部材３０に代えて第１キャップ部材３０Ｅを有している。 <Sixth Embodiment>
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1E of the sixth embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100E of the sixth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1E instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1E includes the lesion portion 2E in place of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The lesion portion 2E has a first cap member 30E instead of the first cap member 30.
　図１２上段には、血管モデル１Ｅの縦断面構成を示す。図１２下段の左側破線吹き出し内（ＢＢ１）には、図１２上段のＢ－Ｂ線に沿った横断面における血管モデル１Ｅの一例を示す。図１２下段の右側破線吹き出し内（ＢＢ２）には、図１２上段のＢ－Ｂ線に沿った横断面における血管モデル１Ｅの他の例を示す。第１キャップ部材３０Ｅは、略円柱形状であり、Ｘ軸方向に第１キャップ部材３０Ｅを貫通する貫通孔３３を有している。貫通孔３３は、左側破線吹き出し内（ＢＢ１）に示すように、第１キャップ部材３０Ｅの略中央部分に設けられた円孔であり、周囲を第１キャップ部材３０Ｅの肉厚部によって取り囲まれていてもよい。なお、貫通孔３３は、円孔でなく、楕円形、矩形、多角形等、種々の形状の孔としてよい。また、貫通孔３３は、右側破線吹き出し内（ＢＢ２）に示すように、第１キャップ部材３０ＥをＹ軸方向（またはＺ軸方向）に分割する孔であってもよい。第１キャップ部材３０ＥのＸ軸方向の長さＬ３０Ｅは、１ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。ここで、長さＬ３０Ｅは、図１２上段に示すように、任意の縦断面において、第１キャップ部材３０ＥのＸ軸方向の長さが最も短い部分の長さとする。 The upper part of FIG. 12 shows the vertical cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model 1E. In the left dashed line balloon (BB1) in the lower part of FIG. 12, an example of the blood vessel model 1E in the cross section along the line BB in the upper part of FIG. 12 is shown. In the right dashed line balloon (BB2) in the lower part of FIG. 12, another example of the blood vessel model 1E in the cross section along the line BB in the upper part of FIG. 12 is shown. The first cap member 30E has a substantially cylindrical shape and has a through hole 33 penetrating the first cap member 30E in the X-axis direction. The through hole 33 is a circular hole provided in a substantially central portion of the first cap member 30E, as shown in the left dashed line balloon (BB1), and is surrounded by a thick portion of the first cap member 30E. You may. The through hole 33 may be a hole having various shapes such as an ellipse, a rectangle, and a polygon, instead of a circular hole. Further, the through hole 33 may be a hole that divides the first cap member 30E in the Y-axis direction (or Z-axis direction) as shown in the right dashed line balloon (BB2). The length L30E of the first cap member 30E in the X-axis direction is preferably 1 mm or more. Here, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 12, the length L30E is the length of the portion of the first cap member 30E having the shortest length in the X-axis direction in an arbitrary vertical cross section.
　このように、第１キャップ部材３０Ｅの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、第１キャップ部材３０Ｅには、Ｘ軸方向に第１キャップ部材３０Ｅを貫通する貫通孔３３が設けられていてもよい。また、第１キャップ部材３０Ｅは、貫通孔３３に代えて、第１キャップ部材３０Ｅの内部（肉厚部内）に設けられた空隙を有していてもよい。このような第６実施形態の血管モデル１Ｅによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。第６実施形態の血管モデル１Ｅによれば、第１キャップ部材３０Ｅを、貫通孔３３や空隙を有する、種々の形状とできる。 As described above, the configuration of the first cap member 30E can be variously changed, and the first cap member 30E may be provided with a through hole 33 penetrating the first cap member 30E in the X-axis direction. .. Further, the first cap member 30E may have a gap provided inside the first cap member 30E (inside the thick portion) instead of the through hole 33. The blood vessel model 1E of the sixth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1E of the sixth embodiment, the first cap member 30E can have various shapes having through holes 33 and voids.
＜第７実施形態＞
　図１３は、第７実施形態の血管モデル１Ｆの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第７実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｆは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ｆを備える。血管モデル１Ｆは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、血管部１０に代えて血管部１０Ｆを備える。血管部１０Ｆは、本枝１０ａと、側枝１０ｂとを有している。 <7th Embodiment>
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1F of the seventh embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100F of the seventh embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1F instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1F includes the blood vessel portion 10F instead of the blood vessel portion 10 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The blood vessel portion 10F has a main branch 10a and a side branch 10b.
　本枝１０ａの内腔１Ｌには、病変部２が設けられている。側枝１０ｂは、ヒトの側枝血管を模擬した部分である。側枝１０ｂは、一端が開口しており、他端が本枝１０ａに対して内腔１Ｌを連通させた状態で接続されている。換言すれば、側枝１０ｂは、本枝１０ａと内腔１Ｌを連通させた状態で、本枝１０ａから分岐して延びている。また、側枝１０ｂは、本枝１０ａのうち、第２キャップ部材２０の傾斜した基端面２１に近接した位置から分岐して延びている。このようにすれば、図１３に示すように、順行性アプローチで挿入されたプラズマガイドワイヤ８の先端部が、第２キャップ部材２０の基端面２１で滑りを生じた際に、側枝１０ｂの内腔１Ｌへと導かれやすくなる。なお、図１３に示すように、側枝１０ｂの内壁の傾きを、第２キャップ部材２０の基端面２１の傾きと近づけることが好ましい。そうすれば、プラズマガイドワイヤ８の先端部を、側枝１０ｂの内腔１Ｌへとより入り込みやすくできる。 A lesion 2 is provided in the lumen 1L of the main branch 10a. The side branch 10b is a portion simulating a human side branch blood vessel. One end of the side branch 10b is open, and the other end is connected to the main branch 10a in a state where the lumen 1L communicates with the main branch 10a. In other words, the side branch 10b branches and extends from the main branch 10a with the main branch 10a and the lumen 1L communicating with each other. Further, the side branch 10b branches and extends from a position of the main branch 10a close to the inclined base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20. By doing so, as shown in FIG. 13, when the tip end portion of the plasma guide wire 8 inserted by the anterograde approach slips on the base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20, the side branch 10b It becomes easy to be guided to the lumen 1L. As shown in FIG. 13, it is preferable that the inclination of the inner wall of the side branch 10b is close to the inclination of the base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20. Then, the tip of the plasma guide wire 8 can be more easily inserted into the lumen 1L of the side branch 10b.
　このように、血管部１０Ｆの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、病変部２が設けられた本枝１０ａとは異なる側枝１０ｂを有していてもよい。図１３の例では、１本の側枝１０ｂについて例示したが、２本以上の任意の数の側枝１０ｂが設けられていてもよい。また、側枝１０ｂは、第１キャップ部材３０のうちの先端側（換言すれば、本体部４０に面する側の反対側）の端面に近接した位置から延びていてもよい。さらに、本枝１０ａには、血管壁が解離した偽腔が形成されていてもよい。 As described above, the configuration of the blood vessel portion 10F can be variously changed, and may have a side branch 10b different from the main branch 10a in which the lesion portion 2 is provided. In the example of FIG. 13, one side branch 10b is illustrated, but two or more side branches 10b may be provided. Further, the side branch 10b may extend from a position close to the end surface of the first cap member 30 on the tip end side (in other words, the side opposite to the side facing the main body 40). Further, a pseudocavity in which the blood vessel wall is dissociated may be formed in the main branch 10a.
　このような第７実施形態の血管モデル１Ｆによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。さらに、第７実施形態の血管モデル１Ｆによれば、血管部１０Ｆは、本枝１０ａと内腔１Ｌを連通させた状態で本枝１０ａから分岐して延びる側枝１０ｂであって、本枝１０ａのうち、第２キャップ部材２０の傾斜した基端面２１に近接した位置から延びる側枝１０ｂを有する。このため、第７実施形態の血管モデル１Ｆを用いた手技の模擬では、プラズマガイドワイヤ８（医療用デバイス）が、第２キャップ部材２０の傾斜した基端面２１において滑りを生じ、病変部２がある本枝１０ａとは異なる、側枝１０ｂに導かれやすくなる。この結果、血管モデル１Ｆを用いて模擬可能な手技の難易度を向上させることができ、術者の手技のレベル向上に役立てることができる。 The blood vessel model 1F of the seventh embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. Further, according to the blood vessel model 1F of the seventh embodiment, the blood vessel portion 10F is a side branch 10b that branches and extends from the main branch 10a in a state where the main branch 10a and the lumen 1L are communicated with each other, and is a side branch 10b of the main branch 10a. Among them, it has a side branch 10b extending from a position close to the inclined base end surface 21 of the second cap member 20. Therefore, in the simulation of the procedure using the blood vessel model 1F of the seventh embodiment, the plasma guide wire 8 (medical device) slips on the inclined proximal end surface 21 of the second cap member 20, and the lesion portion 2 is formed. It is easy to be guided to the side branch 10b, which is different from a certain main branch 10a. As a result, the difficulty level of the procedure that can be simulated using the blood vessel model 1F can be improved, which can be useful for improving the level of the procedure of the operator.
＜第８実施形態＞
　図１４は、第８実施形態の血管モデル１Ｇの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第８実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｇは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ｇを備える。血管モデル１Ｇは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、病変部２に代えて病変部２Ｇを備える。病変部２Ｇは、本体部４０に代えて本体部４０Ｇを、第１キャップ部材３０に代えて第１キャップ部材３０Ｇを、第２キャップ部材２０に代えて第２キャップ部材２０Ｇを、それぞれ有する。 <8th Embodiment>
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1G of the eighth embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100G of the eighth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1G instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1G includes the lesion portion 2G instead of the lesion portion 2 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The lesion portion 2G has a main body portion 40G in place of the main body portion 40, a first cap member 30G in place of the first cap member 30, and a second cap member 20G in place of the second cap member 20.
　図１４上段には、血管モデル１Ｇの縦断面構成を示す。図１４下段の左側破線吹き出し内（ＣＣ１）には、図１４上段のＣ－Ｃ線に沿った横断面における血管モデル１Ｇの一例を示す。図１４下段の右側破線吹き出し内（ＣＣ２）には、図１４上段のＣ－Ｃ線に沿った横断面における血管モデル１Ｇの他の例を示す。本体部４０Ｇ、第１キャップ部材３０Ｇ、及び第２キャップ部材２０Ｇには、Ｘ軸方向に各部材を貫通する貫通孔ＴＨが形成されている。貫通孔ＴＨは任意の形状とでき、左側破線吹き出し内（ＣＣ１）に示すように、半円形状の横断面を有する孔であってもよく、右側破線吹き出し内（ＣＣ２）に示すように、円形状の横断面を有する孔であってもよい。このように、血管モデル１Ｇでは、貫通孔ＴＨを通じて、血管部１０における流体の流通が可能である。 The upper part of FIG. 14 shows the vertical cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel model 1G. In the left dashed line balloon (CC1) in the lower part of FIG. 14, an example of the blood vessel model 1G in the cross section along the CC line in the upper part of FIG. 14 is shown. In the right dashed line balloon (CC2) in the lower part of FIG. 14, another example of the blood vessel model 1G in the cross section along the CC line in the upper part of FIG. 14 is shown. A through hole TH that penetrates each member in the X-axis direction is formed in the main body portion 40G, the first cap member 30G, and the second cap member 20G. The through hole TH can have any shape, and may be a hole having a semicircular cross section as shown in the left dashed line blowout (CC1), or may be a hole having a semicircular cross section, and may be a circle as shown in the right broken line blowout (CC2). It may be a hole having a cross section of a shape. As described above, in the blood vessel model 1G, the fluid can flow in the blood vessel portion 10 through the through hole TH.
　このように、病変部２Ｇの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、病変部２Ｇを貫通する貫通孔ＴＨを設けることによって、血管部１０における流体の流通を可能としてもよい。図１４の例では、Ｘ軸に沿って直線状に延びる貫通孔ＴＨを例示したが、貫通孔ＴＨは、ＹＺ軸方向に蛇行して延びていてもよい。また、病変部２Ｇには、複数の貫通孔ＴＨが設けられていてもよい。このような第８実施形態の血管モデル１Ｇによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。第８実施形態の血管モデル１Ｇによれば、病変部２Ｇによって、狭窄病変を模擬できる。 As described above, the configuration of the lesion portion 2G can be variously changed, and the flow of the fluid in the blood vessel portion 10 may be enabled by providing the through hole TH penetrating the lesion portion 2G. In the example of FIG. 14, a through hole TH extending linearly along the X axis is exemplified, but the through hole TH may meander and extend in the YZ axis direction. Further, the lesion portion 2G may be provided with a plurality of through holes TH. The blood vessel model 1G of the eighth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1G of the eighth embodiment, the stenotic lesion can be simulated by the lesion portion 2G.
＜第９実施形態＞
　図１５は、第９実施形態の血管モデル１Ｈの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第９実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｈは、血管モデル１に代えて血管モデル１Ｈを備える。血管モデル１Ｈは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、本体部４０に代えて本体部４０Ｈを有する。 <9th embodiment>
FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1H of the ninth embodiment. The blood vessel simulation device 100H of the ninth embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1H instead of the blood vessel model 1. The blood vessel model 1H has a main body 40H instead of the main body 40 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
　本体部４０Ｈの先端側（換言すれば、第１キャップ部材３０に面する側）に位置する先端面４３は、先端面４３の一部分が、第１キャップ部材３０と離間している。本体部４０Ｈの先端面４３と、第１キャップ部材３０との間には、空隙ＳＰ１が設けられている。同様に、本体部４０Ｈの基端側（換言すれば、第２キャップ部材２０に面する側）に位置する基端面４４は、基端面４４の一部分が、第２キャップ部材２０と離間している。本体部４０Ｈの基端面４４と、第２キャップ部材２０との間には、空隙ＳＰ２が設けられている。 A part of the tip surface 43 of the tip surface 43 located on the tip side (in other words, the side facing the first cap member 30) of the main body portion 40H is separated from the first cap member 30. A gap SP1 is provided between the tip surface 43 of the main body portion 40H and the first cap member 30. Similarly, in the proximal end surface 44 located on the proximal end side (in other words, the side facing the second cap member 20) of the main body portion 40H, a part of the proximal end surface 44 is separated from the second cap member 20. .. A gap SP2 is provided between the base end surface 44 of the main body portion 40H and the second cap member 20.
　このように、本体部４０Ｈの構成は種々の変更が可能であり、本体部４０Ｈの形状は任意に定めることができ、本体部４０Ｈは、第１キャップ部材３０や第２キャップ部材２０との境界において、空隙ＳＰ１，ＳＰ２を有していてもよい。空隙ＳＰ１，ＳＰ２のうち、いずれか一方は省略されてもよい。また、本体部４０Ｈと第１キャップ部材３０との間には２つ以上の空隙があってもよく、本体部４０Ｈと第２キャップ部材２０との間には２つ以上の空隙があってもよい。このような第９実施形態の血管モデル１Ｈによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。第９実施形態の血管モデル１Ｈによれば、本体部４０Ｈを種々の形状とできる。 As described above, the configuration of the main body portion 40H can be variously changed, the shape of the main body portion 40H can be arbitrarily determined, and the main body portion 40H is a boundary with the first cap member 30 and the second cap member 20. May have voids SP1 and SP2. One of the voids SP1 and SP2 may be omitted. Further, there may be two or more gaps between the main body portion 40H and the first cap member 30, and even if there are two or more gaps between the main body portion 40H and the second cap member 20. good. The blood vessel model 1H of the ninth embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. According to the blood vessel model 1H of the ninth embodiment, the main body portion 40H can have various shapes.
＜第１０実施形態＞
　図１６は、第１０実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｉの概略構成を例示した説明図である。血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｉは、第１実施形態で説明した構成において、外側組織モデル３と、循環ポンプ９とを備えていない。血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｉの血管モデル１は、流体（例えば、生理食塩水などの模擬血液）によって湿らせた後で使用されてもよく、乾いた状態で使用されてもよい。また、血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｉは、例えば、内部に流体を満たすことが可能な水槽を備えており、血管モデル１は、流体を満たした水槽内に置いた状態で使用されてもよい。このような第１０実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００Ｉによっても、上述した第１実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。 <10th Embodiment>
FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the blood vessel simulation device 100I of the tenth embodiment. The blood vessel simulation apparatus 100I does not include the outer tissue model 3 and the circulation pump 9 in the configuration described in the first embodiment. The blood vessel model 1 of the blood vessel simulation apparatus 100I may be used after being moistened with a fluid (for example, simulated blood such as physiological saline), or may be used in a dry state. Further, the blood vessel simulation device 100I is provided with, for example, a water tank capable of filling the inside with a fluid, and the blood vessel model 1 may be used in a state of being placed in the water tank filled with the fluid. Even with the blood vessel simulation device 100I of the tenth embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above can be obtained.
＜本実施形態の変形例＞
　本発明は上記の実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様において実施することが可能であり、例えば次のような変形も可能である。 <Modified example of this embodiment>
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be carried out in various embodiments without departing from the gist thereof, and for example, the following modifications are also possible.
　［変形例１］
　上記第１～１０実施形態では、血管シミュレーション装置１００，１００Ａ～１００Ｉの構成の一例を示した。しかし、血管シミュレーション装置１００の構成は種々の変更が可能である。例えば、血管シミュレーション装置１００は、心臓、肝臓、脳等の臓器を模した臓器モデルを有していてもよい。この場合、血管モデル１は、臓器モデルの外側や、内側に設けられていてもよい。例えば、血管シミュレーション装置１００は、循環ポンプ９により循環される流体に、脈動を模擬した動きを加えるための脈動ポンプを備えていてもよい。脈動ポンプには、例えば、容積式の往復ポンプや、低速回転された回転ポンプを使用できる。 [Modification 1]
In the above 1st to 10th embodiments, an example of the configuration of the blood vessel simulation devices 100, 100A to 100I is shown. However, the configuration of the blood vessel simulation device 100 can be changed in various ways. For example, the blood vessel simulation device 100 may have an organ model that imitates an organ such as a heart, a liver, or a brain. In this case, the blood vessel model 1 may be provided on the outside or inside of the organ model. For example, the blood vessel simulation device 100 may include a pulsation pump for adding a movement simulating pulsation to the fluid circulated by the circulation pump 9. As the pulsation pump, for example, a positive displacement reciprocating pump or a rotary pump rotated at a low speed can be used.
　［変形例２］
　上記第１～１０実施形態では、血管モデル１，１Ａ～１Ｈの構成の一例を示した。しかし、血管モデル１の構成は種々の変更が可能である。例えば、血管部１０は、直線状のほか、湾曲形状や、蛇行形状等の任意の形状としてよい。例えば、血管部１０は、親水性または疎水性を有する樹脂によりコーティングされていてもよい。 [Modification 2]
In the above 1st to 10th embodiments, an example of the configuration of the blood vessel models 1, 1A to 1H is shown. However, the configuration of the blood vessel model 1 can be changed in various ways. For example, the blood vessel portion 10 may have an arbitrary shape such as a curved shape, a meandering shape, or the like, in addition to a linear shape. For example, the blood vessel portion 10 may be coated with a resin having hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity.
　例えば、病変部２は、上記実施形態で説明した本体部４０、第２キャップ部材２０、及び第１キャップ部材３０とは異なる部材を有していてもよい。この部材は、本体部４０の肉厚部内に設けられた、任意の形状（例えば、球状や、任意の形の塊状）であって、本体部４０の内部に形成された石灰化病変等を模擬してもよい。また、この部材は、第２キャップ部材２０と同様の平板状であってもよい。これらの部材は、本体部４０の肉厚部内のほか、本体部４０と第１キャップ部材３０との間に設けられてもよく、第１キャップ部材３０よりも先端側（－Ｘ軸方向）に設けられてもよく、本体部４０と第２キャップ部材２０との間に設けられてもよく、第２キャップ部材２０よりも基端側（＋Ｘ軸方向）に設けられてもよい。 For example, the lesion portion 2 may have a member different from the main body portion 40, the second cap member 20, and the first cap member 30 described in the above embodiment. This member has an arbitrary shape (for example, a spherical shape or a lump of an arbitrary shape) provided in the thick portion of the main body portion 40, and simulates a calcified lesion formed inside the main body portion 40. You may. Further, this member may have a flat plate shape similar to that of the second cap member 20. These members may be provided between the main body portion 40 and the first cap member 30 in addition to the inside of the thick portion of the main body portion 40, and may be provided on the tip side (-X-axis direction) of the first cap member 30. It may be provided, it may be provided between the main body portion 40 and the second cap member 20, or it may be provided on the proximal end side (+ X-axis direction) of the second cap member 20.
　［変形例３］
　第１～１０実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００，１００Ａ～１００Ｉまたは血管モデル１，１Ａ～１Ｈの構成、及び上記変形例１，２の血管シミュレーション装置１００，１００Ａ～１００Ｉまたは血管モデル１，１Ａ～１Ｈの構成は、適宜組み合わせてもよい。例えば、第２～第４実施形態のいずれかで説明した第２キャップ部材２０と、第５及び第６実施形態のいずれかで説明した第１キャップ部材３０と、第９実施形態で説明した本体部４０と、第７実施形態で説明した血管部１０と、を任意に組み合わせて、血管モデル１を構成してもよい。例えば、第１０実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置１００において、第１～第９実施形態のいずれかで説明した血管モデル１を用いてもよい。 [Modification 3]
The configurations of the blood vessel simulation devices 100, 100A to 100I or the blood vessel models 1, 1A to 1H of the first to tenth embodiments, and the blood vessel simulation devices 100, 100A to 100I or the blood vessel models 1, 1A to 1H of the modifications 1 and 2 above. The configurations of the above may be combined as appropriate. For example, the second cap member 20 described in any of the second to fourth embodiments, the first cap member 30 described in any of the fifth and sixth embodiments, and the main body described in the ninth embodiment. The blood vessel model 1 may be formed by arbitrarily combining the part 40 and the blood vessel part 10 described in the seventh embodiment. For example, in the blood vessel simulation apparatus 100 of the tenth embodiment, the blood vessel model 1 described in any of the first to ninth embodiments may be used.
　以上、実施形態、変形例に基づき本態様について説明してきたが、上記した態様の実施の形態は、本態様の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本態様を限定するものではない。本態様は、その趣旨並びに特許請求の範囲を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に、本態様にはその等価物が含まれる。また、その技術的特徴が本明細書中に必須なものとして説明されていなければ、適宜、削除することができる。 The present embodiment has been described above based on the embodiments and modifications, but the embodiments of the above-described embodiments are for facilitating the understanding of the present embodiments, and are not limited to the present embodiments. This aspect may be modified or improved without departing from its spirit and claims, and this aspect includes its equivalent. Further, if the technical feature is not described as essential in the present specification, it may be deleted as appropriate.
　　１，１Ａ～１Ｈ…血管モデル
　　１ａ，１ｂ…開口
　　２，２Ａ～２Ｅ，２Ｇ…病変部
　　３…外側組織モデル
　　８…プラズマガイドワイヤ
　　９…循環ポンプ
　　１０，１０Ｆ…血管部
　　１０ａ…本枝
　　１０ｂ…側枝
　　１２…内周面
　　２０，２０Ａ～２０Ｃ，２０Ｇ…第２キャップ部材
　　３０，３０Ｄ，３０Ｅ，３０Ｇ…第１キャップ部材
　　２１…基端面
　　３１…突出部
　　３２…本体部
　　３３…貫通孔
　　４０，４０Ｇ，４０Ｈ…本体部
　　４１…凹部
　　４２…傾斜部
　　４３…先端面
　　４４…基端面
　　１００，１００Ａ～１００Ｉ…血管シミュレーション装置 1,1A ~ 1H ... Blood vessel model 1a, 1b ... Opening 2,2A ~ 2E, 2G ... Pathological part 3 ... Outer tissue model 8 ... Plasma guide wire 9 ... Circulation pump 10,10F ... Blood vessel part 10a ... Main branch 10b ... Side branch 12 ... Inner peripheral surface 20, 20A to 20C, 20G ... Second cap member 30, 30D, 30E, 30G ... First cap member 21 ... Base end surface 31 ... Protruding portion 32 ... Main body portion 33 ... Through hole 40, 40G, 40H ... Main body 41 ... Recessed portion 42 ... Inclined portion 43 ... Tip surface 44 ... Base end surface 100, 100A-100I ... Blood vessel simulation device

Claims (7)

  1. 　血管モデルであって、
    　第１の高分子材料により形成された中空管形状の血管部と、
    　前記血管部の内腔に配置された病変部と、
    を備え、
    　前記病変部は、
    　　前記第１の高分子材料とは異なる第２の高分子材料により形成された本体部と、
    　　前記本体部よりも先端側に配置され、多孔質体により形成された第１キャップ部材と、
    　　前記本体部よりも基端側に配置された第２キャップ部材と、
    を有する、血管モデル。     It ’s a blood vessel model,
    A hollow tube-shaped blood vessel formed of the first polymer material,
    The lesion located in the lumen of the blood vessel and the lesion
    Equipped with
    The lesion is
    A main body formed of a second polymer material different from the first polymer material, and
    A first cap member arranged on the tip side of the main body and formed of a porous body, and
    The second cap member arranged on the base end side of the main body portion,
    A blood vessel model with.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の血管モデルであって、
    　前記本体部は、前記血管部の内腔に充填されることにより、前記血管部における流体の流通を阻害しており、
    　前記第１キャップ部材は、前記本体部の先端面を被覆しており、
    　前記第２キャップ部材は、前記本体部の基端面を被覆している、血管モデル。     The blood vessel model according to claim 1.
    The main body portion is filled in the lumen of the blood vessel portion, thereby obstructing the flow of fluid in the blood vessel portion.
    The first cap member covers the tip surface of the main body portion.
    The second cap member is a blood vessel model that covers the base end surface of the main body portion.
  3. 　請求項１または請求項２に記載の血管モデルであって、
    　前記第１キャップ部材のうち、前記本体部に面する側には、前記本体部に向かって突出した突出部が形成されている、血管モデル。     The blood vessel model according to claim 1 or 2.
    A blood vessel model in which a protruding portion protruding toward the main body portion is formed on the side of the first cap member facing the main body portion.
  4. 　請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項に記載の血管モデルであって、
    　前記第１キャップ部材の細孔の内径は、０．５μｍ以上、かつ、２００μｍ以下である、血管モデル。     The blood vessel model according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    A blood vessel model in which the inner diameter of the pores of the first cap member is 0.5 μm or more and 200 μm or less.
  5. 　請求項１から請求項４のいずれか一項に記載の血管モデルであって、
    　前記第２キャップ部材のうち、前記本体部に面する側の反対側の端面は、前記血管部の中心軸に対して傾斜している、血管モデル。     The blood vessel model according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
    A blood vessel model in which the end surface of the second cap member on the side facing the main body is inclined with respect to the central axis of the blood vessel.
  6. 　請求項５に記載の血管モデルであって、
    　前記血管部は、
    　　内腔に前記病変部が設けられた本枝と、
    　　前記本枝と内腔を連通させた状態で前記本枝から分岐して延びる側枝であって、前記本枝のうち、前記第２キャップ部材の傾斜した前記端面に近接した位置から延びる側枝と、を有する、血管モデル。     The blood vessel model according to claim 5.
    The blood vessel is
    The main branch with the lesion in the lumen and
    A side branch extending from the main branch in a state where the main branch and the lumen communicate with each other, and a side branch extending from a position close to the inclined end face of the second cap member among the main branches. A vascular model with.
  7. 　請求項１から請求項６のいずれか一項に記載の血管モデルであって、
    　前記第２キャップ部材は、前記第１の高分子材料及び前記第２の高分子材料とはそれぞれ異なる、第３の高分子材料により形成されている、血管モデル。     The blood vessel model according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
    A blood vessel model in which the second cap member is made of a third polymer material, which is different from the first polymer material and the second polymer material.
PCT/JP2020/048806 2020-12-25 2020-12-25 Blood vessel model WO2022137524A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012189909A (en) * 2011-03-11 2012-10-04 Asahi Intecc Co Ltd Vascular lesion model
JP2012251057A (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-20 Osaka Univ Porous body of polyvinyl alcohol and method for producing the same
CN105206154A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-30 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第二附属医院 Branched blood vessel model, mould and manufacturing method
JP2018178069A (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-11-15 株式会社リコー Hydrogel structure, production method therefor, active energy ray-curable liquid composition, and use

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012189909A (en) * 2011-03-11 2012-10-04 Asahi Intecc Co Ltd Vascular lesion model
JP2012251057A (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-20 Osaka Univ Porous body of polyvinyl alcohol and method for producing the same
CN105206154A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-30 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第二附属医院 Branched blood vessel model, mould and manufacturing method
JP2018178069A (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-11-15 株式会社リコー Hydrogel structure, production method therefor, active energy ray-curable liquid composition, and use

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