WO2022137276A1 - 閉鎖空間用音響システム - Google Patents
閉鎖空間用音響システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022137276A1 WO2022137276A1 PCT/JP2020/047633 JP2020047633W WO2022137276A1 WO 2022137276 A1 WO2022137276 A1 WO 2022137276A1 JP 2020047633 W JP2020047633 W JP 2020047633W WO 2022137276 A1 WO2022137276 A1 WO 2022137276A1
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- sound
- time
- acoustic
- closed space
- speaker
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
- B66B11/02—Cages, i.e. cars
- B66B11/0226—Constructional features, e.g. walls assembly, decorative panels, comfort equipment, thermal or sound insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B3/00—Applications of devices for indicating or signalling operating conditions of elevators
- B66B3/002—Indicators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/02—Synthesis of acoustic waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/26—Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
- H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/12—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2400/11—Positioning of individual sound objects, e.g. moving airplane, within a sound field
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an acoustic system for a closed space for radiating sound into a closed space such as in an elevator car.
- the conventional elevator car is equipped with a speaker for voice guidance to the users in the car.
- an intercom is installed in the car for the user to talk to an outside person in an emergency.
- These speakers and intercoms are installed in, for example, a car operation panel.
- a plurality of speakers are arranged linearly in the vertical direction at regular intervals.
- the speakers that output acoustic signals are sequentially switched from the speaker installed at the top to the speaker installed at the bottom. go.
- the user feels that the acoustic signal has moved from top to bottom.
- the speakers that output acoustic signals are sequentially switched from the speaker installed at the bottom to the speaker installed at the top.
- the user feels that the acoustic signal has moved from the bottom to the top.
- the internal space of an elevator car is required to maintain a certain degree of airtightness and tranquility.
- the waiting space such as a waiting room of a hospital or a pharmacy.
- a special narrow closed space which is different from such a normal living space, the user cannot keep talking with strangers.
- many users have "awkwardness” and "discomfort”, and stress caused by them is generated.
- Patent Document 1 since the operation buttons in the elevator are used for the operation of playing or stopping the BGM, the user can freely control the playing and stopping of the BGM by operating the operation buttons. .. Therefore, in some cases, there is a possibility that the BGM may be reproduced without permission due to the mischief of some users. In that case, other passengers on board may feel further discomfort. Further, since the same BGM is always used, or the BGM is selected on the system side regardless of the likes and dislikes of the user, there arises a problem that the taste of the music genre does not match depending on the user. In that case, it is conceivable that the reproduction of BGM is perceived by the user as noise. As described above, in the reproduction of the BGM of Patent Document 1, the stress caused by the "awkwardness" and "discomfort" of the user cannot be reduced, and in some cases, the stress of the user may increase. be.
- Patent Document 2 as described above, the purpose of sound reproduction is to allow the user to recognize the traveling direction of the elevator by moving the sound. Therefore, Patent Document 2 does not intend to reduce stress caused by "awkwardness" and "discomfort" of the user.
- This disclosure is made to solve such a problem, and it is possible to reduce the stress of the user in the closed space by playing back a combination of a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world.
- the purpose is to obtain a spatial acoustic system.
- the sound system for a closed space is a combination of a speaker system arranged in a closed space and equipped with one or more speaker units, a storage unit for storing a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world, and two or more sound sources. It is provided with a sound field control unit for radiating an acoustic signal based on the combined sound source from the speaker system to the closed space.
- a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world are combined and reproduced, and radiated to the target closed space to reduce the stress of the user in the closed space.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the elevator 1 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the internal space of the car 5 of the elevator 1 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a front view which shows the structure of the acoustic system 13 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a top view which shows the arrangement of the speaker cabinet 20 of the acoustic system 13 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a side view which shows an example of the structure of the speaker cabinet 20 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a front view which shows the structure of the speaker cabinet 20 of FIG.
- It is a side view which shows the structure of the modification of the speaker cabinet 20 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing instantaneous frequency characteristics when the time waveform at the point position (B) in FIG. 11 is FFT processed.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing instantaneous frequency characteristics when the time waveform at the point (A) position in FIG. 11 is FFT processed.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the case where the signal processing is performed on the sound source included in the acoustic content 30 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the principle of the bread processing which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the case where the signal processing is performed on the sound source included in the acoustic content 30 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the principle of the stereo expansion processing which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a top view which shows the positional relationship between the speaker unit and the user which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which showed the waveform of the direct sound and the cross sound which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- the closed space acoustic system according to the first embodiment is applied to a closed space that is required to maintain a certain degree of airtightness and tranquility.
- the closed space include an internal space of an elevator car, an in-vehicle space of transportation such as a train, a bus, and a taxi, or a waiting space such as a waiting room of a hospital or a pharmacy.
- the closed space to which the sound system for the closed space according to the first embodiment is applied is a special narrow closed space different from the normal living space.
- the closed space according to the first embodiment is a space in which two or more humans can exist, has a structure in which the entrance and exit are closed, and exists inside for a certain period of time in principle. It is a space where people who are doing it cannot go outside. In the following, the space inside the elevator car will be described as an example of the closed space.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the elevator 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the elevator 1 is installed in a building and ascends or descends in the hoistway 2.
- a hoisting machine 3 is provided on the upper part of the hoistway 2.
- a main rope 4 is hung on the sheave 3a provided on the hoisting machine 3.
- a basket 5 and a counterweight 6 are connected to both ends of the main rope 4, respectively.
- the basket 5 and the counterweight weight 6 are suspended by a main rope 4 from a sheave 3a in a hanging manner.
- an elevator control panel 7 is installed on the upper part of the hoistway 2.
- the elevator control panel 7 is connected to the hoisting machine 3 via a communication line and is connected to the car 5 via a control cable 8.
- the control cable 8 transmits electric power and a control signal to the car 5.
- the control cable 8 is also called a tail code.
- the basket 5 is composed of four side plates 5a, a floor plate 5b, and a ceiling plate 5c.
- the four side plates 5a are arranged on the right side, the left side, the front side, and the rear side of the car 5, respectively.
- a car door 5d is installed on the front side plate 5a of the four side plates 5a. When the car 5 stops at the landing on each floor, the car door 5d engages with the landing door (not shown) installed at the landing to open and close.
- a car control device 9 and a sound field control device 21 are installed on the upper surface of the ceiling plate 5c of the car 5.
- the car control device 9 controls the operation of each device provided in the car 5.
- Examples of the device provided in the car 5 include a car door 5d, a lighting device 5e (see FIG. 2), a car operation panel 5f (see FIG. 2), and the like.
- the sound field control device 21 controls the overall operation of the closed space acoustic system 13 (see FIG. 3) described later so as to form a three-dimensional sound field 27 (see FIG. 3) in the entire internal space of the car 5. I do.
- the sound system 13 for a closed space is simply referred to as a sound system 13.
- a suspended ceiling 10 is fixed to the lower surface of the ceiling plate 5c of the car 5.
- the suspended ceiling 10 is located in the internal space of the car 5.
- the suspended ceiling 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the suspended ceiling 10 has four side surfaces 10a and a lower surface 10b (see FIG. 2). Further, the suspended ceiling 10 may further have an upper surface arranged so as to face the lower surface 10b.
- a lighting device 5e see FIG. 2
- an emergency speaker 5g see FIG. 2
- a speaker system 22 of the acoustic system 13 see FIG. 3
- the sound field control device 21 is installed on the upper surface of the ceiling plate 5c of the car 5 as shown in FIG. 1, but the sound field control device 21 is also a suspended ceiling 10. It may be arranged in the internal space. There is a gap 11 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) having a constant distance D between the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10 and the side plate 5a of the car 5.
- the constant distance D is referred to as a first distance D.
- the elevator 1 is a rope type elevator is shown, but the case is not limited to this case.
- the elevator 1 may be another type of elevator, for example, a linear elevator.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state of the internal space of the car 5 of the elevator 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the internal space of the car 5 is surrounded by four side plates 5a, a floor plate 5b, and a lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10.
- the internal space of the car 5 has, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the floor plate 5b is composed of a rectangular flat surface installed in the horizontal direction.
- Each side plate 5a is composed of a rectangular plane installed in the vertical direction.
- the vertical direction is, for example, a vertical direction.
- the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10 is arranged so as to face the floor plate 5b.
- the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10 is formed of a rectangular plane installed in the horizontal direction.
- a lighting device 5e is provided on the suspended ceiling 10.
- the main body of the lighting device 5e is installed in the internal space of the suspended ceiling 10.
- the lighting device 5e is, for example, an LED lighting device.
- the irradiation surface 5ea of the lighting device 5e faces the floor plate 5b.
- the lighting device 5e illuminates the internal space of the car 5 with the light emitted from the irradiation surface 5ea.
- the suspended ceiling 10 is provided with an emergency speaker 5g for transmitting an emergency communication from the management room of the building.
- the emergency speaker 5g may be used not only for emergency communication but also for transmitting a voice message to the user such as "the door will close".
- the front side plate 5a of the four side plates 5a is provided with the car door 5d.
- a car operation panel 5f is provided on the front side plate 5a.
- the car operation panel 5f is provided with a plurality of car call registration buttons provided corresponding to each floor and a door opening / closing button for controlling the opening / closing operation of the car door 5d.
- the car operation panel 5f is provided with an intercom device 5h for the user to communicate with the outside in an emergency or the like.
- the car control device 9 is connected to the elevator control panel 7 via, for example, a control cable 8 (see FIG. 1).
- the car control device 9 has an input unit 9a, a control unit 9b, an output unit 9c, and a storage unit 9d.
- the input unit 9a inputs a control signal from the elevator control panel 7 to the control unit 9b.
- the control unit 9b controls the operation of each device provided in the car 5 based on the control signal.
- the output unit 9c outputs a drive signal to each device under the control of the control unit 9b. Further, the output unit 9c transmits a signal such as a car call registration input from the user to the car operation panel 5f to the elevator control panel 7 under the control of the control unit 9b.
- the storage unit 9d stores the calculation result of the control unit 9b, various data and programs used in the control of the control unit 9b, and the like.
- the sound field control device 21 is one of the components of the acoustic system 13.
- the sound field control device 21 and the speaker system 22 described later constitute an acoustic system 13.
- the sound field control device 21 has a sound field control unit 21a, an output unit 21b, a storage unit 21c, and a timer unit 21d.
- the sound field control unit 21a controls the operation of the acoustic system 13 so as to form a high-quality sound field in the internal space of the car 5.
- the output unit 21b transmits the reproduction data of the drive signal and the acoustic signal to the speaker cabinet 20 under the control of the sound field control unit 21a.
- the storage unit 21c stores, for example, a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world.
- the storage unit 21c may store in advance the acoustic content 30 (see FIG. 11), which is a combination of sounds from a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world.
- the storage unit 21c further stores the calculation result of the sound field control unit 21a, various data and programs used for controlling the sound field control unit 21a, and the like.
- the sound field control unit 21a reproduces a combination of sound sources stored in the storage unit 21c, and radiates an acoustic signal based on the sound source from the speaker system 22 to the internal space of the car 5.
- the sound field control unit 21a When the storage unit 21c stores the acoustic content 30, the sound field control unit 21a reproduces the acoustic content 30 stored in the storage unit 21c and transmits the acoustic signal based on the acoustic content 30 to the basket 5. Radiate from the speaker system 22 to the internal space. In either case, the sound field control unit 21a radiates an acoustic signal based on two or more combined sound sources from the speaker system 22 to the internal space of the car 5.
- the timer unit 21d counts the current date and time and holds the current date and time data.
- the timer unit 21d has the date and time data of the month and day in the annual calendar and the time data as the date and time data.
- the sound field control unit 21a may acquire date and time data from the timer unit 21d and switch the acoustic content 30 according to the season and the living time zone based on the date and time data.
- the acoustic content 30 is generated by, for example, an externally installed acoustic content generation device 40, and is stored in advance in the storage unit 21c of the sound field control device 21.
- the acoustic content generation device 40 generates acoustic content 30 by combining a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world.
- the acoustic content generation device 40 has a signal processing unit 40b that performs signal processing on the acoustic content 30.
- the signal processing unit 40b performs one or more signal processing as necessary when generating the acoustic content 30 by combining a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world.
- the timing of signal processing may be before or after combining the sound sources.
- signal processing may be performed after combining a plurality of sound sources, or conversely, sound after signal processing may be combined after signal processing of sounds from a plurality of sound sources.
- Examples of the signal processing include a plurality of processes such as setting the time length of the time division 33 described later, generating the prelude portion 34 and the like, adjusting the sound pressure level, and phase control processing. The signal processing will be described later.
- the acoustic content generation device 40 has an output unit 40a, a storage unit 40c, and an input unit 40d. Sound data from a sound source generated in the natural world is input to the input unit 40d. The sound data may be created based on data actually recorded in the natural world, or may be artificially created pseudo data.
- the output unit 40a outputs the generated acoustic content 30.
- the storage unit 40c stores the calculation result of the signal processing unit 40b, various data and programs used for controlling the signal processing unit 40b, and the like.
- the processing circuit is composed of dedicated hardware or a processor.
- the dedicated hardware is, for example, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- the processor executes a program stored in memory.
- the storage unit 9d is composed of a memory.
- the memory is a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM (RandomAccessMemory), ROM (ReadOnlyMemory), flash memory, EPROM (ErasableProgrammableROM), or a disk such as a magnetic disk, flexible disk, or optical disk. be.
- the processing circuit is composed of dedicated hardware or a processor. Since the dedicated hardware and processor may be the same as above, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the storage unit 21c is composed of a memory. Since the memory may be the same as above, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the processing circuit is composed of dedicated hardware or a processor. Since the dedicated hardware and processor may be the same as above, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the storage unit 40c is composed of a memory. Since the memory may be the same as above, the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a front view showing the configuration of the acoustic system 13 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a top view showing the arrangement of the speaker cabinet 20 of the acoustic system 13 according to the first embodiment.
- the height direction of the car 5 is the Y direction
- the width direction of the car 5 is the X direction
- the depth direction of the car 5 is the Z direction.
- the Y direction is, for example, a vertical direction.
- the X direction is the left-right direction of the car 5
- the Z direction is the front-back direction of the car 5.
- the acoustic system 13 is composed of a speaker system 22 arranged on the ceiling of a closed space and a sound field control device 21.
- the speaker system 22 includes one or more speaker cabinets 20. Further, each speaker cabinet 20 is equipped with one or more speaker units 23.
- the sound system 13 forms a sound field 27 and radiates sound to the user of the car 5.
- acoustic content formed by combining sounds from a plurality of sound sources that naturally occur in nature, such as the babbling of a river and the chirping of birds, is used as the sound. Use.
- a sound field environment of two or more channels is created in a closed space, and an acoustic content 30 (see FIG.
- the acoustic content 30 can be radiated from a plurality of directions to the closed space, and a "comfort" can be given to the auditory sensibility of the user in the closed space. As a result, it is possible to reduce unpleasant factors such as stress when staying in a narrow space.
- the sound content 30 allows any consumer in Japan to experience the seasons such as spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the time of day such as dawn, daytime, evening, and night from the sound. It is configured to be able to.
- the configuration of the acoustic content 30 will be described later.
- the user can obtain a sense of time zone and a sense of season from "sound" even if he / she uses a closed space in which he / she cannot see the external environment.
- the acoustic content 30 does not have a noisy feeling, and has a content structure that eliminates unpleasant factors such as noise so as not to obtain an auditory discomfort.
- the acoustic content 30 is composed of a composite combination of a sound source type, a time zone, and a frequency band, such as a wind or a river flow and a bird's voice, which naturally occur in the natural world.
- the number of speaker cabinets 20 included in the speaker system 22 is two. However, the number of speaker cabinets 20 is not limited to this, and may be any number of 1 or more. As a result, it is possible to form a sound field 27 having one or more channels of reproduction in the closed space. As shown in FIG. 3, each speaker cabinet 20 is installed in the internal space of the suspended ceiling 10. Each speaker cabinet 20 is composed of a speaker unit 23 and a housing 25. In the first embodiment, the speaker system 22 includes the speaker cabinet 20, but the present invention is not limited to this case. That is, the speaker system 22 may include only one or more speaker units 23 without including the speaker cabinet 20.
- the speaker unit 23 and the speaker cabinet 20 are described as being arranged on the suspended ceiling 10, but the present invention is not limited to this case. That is, the speaker unit 23 and the speaker cabinet 20 may be arranged at other positions such as the side plate 5a of the car 5.
- FIG. 5 is a side view showing an example of the configuration of the speaker cabinet 20 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a front view showing the configuration of the speaker cabinet 20 of FIG.
- the speaker cabinet 20 is composed of a speaker unit 23 and a housing 25.
- the speaker unit 23 is housed in the housing 25.
- the speaker unit 23 is provided on the front surface 25a of the housing 25, and has a radiation surface 23a that radiates sound toward the outside.
- the housing 25 has, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the housing 25 is an airtight sealing device.
- the radial surface 23a of the speaker unit 23 is fitted into an installation hole provided in the front surface 25a of the housing 25, and is exposed to the outside from the installation hole.
- All the other parts of the speaker unit 23 are installed in the housing 25. Therefore, the sound from the radiation surface 23a of the speaker unit 23 is radiated only in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5, and is not radiated to the outside through other parts of the housing 25 other than the radiation surface 23a.
- FIG. 7 is a side view showing the configuration of a modified example of the speaker cabinet 20 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a front view showing the configuration of the speaker cabinet 20 of FIG. 7.
- the speaker cabinet 20 may accommodate two or more speaker units 23 in the housing 25.
- one speaker unit 23-1 may be a full-range speaker and the other speaker unit 23-2 may be a tweeter.
- a full-range speaker is one that reproduces from low to high frequencies with one speaker.
- the speaker unit 23 when one speaker unit 23 is housed in the housing 25 of the speaker cabinet 20, the speaker unit 23 is a full-range speaker.
- a tweeter is a low-frequency speaker used as an auxiliary to a full-range speaker.
- tweeters are used to make up for it.
- the two or more speaker units 23 arranged in the housing 25 those of different types may be used, or those of the same type may be used.
- the speaker cabinet 20 is arranged in the internal space of the suspended ceiling 10.
- the height of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Y direction (height direction of the car 5) is, for example, about 5 cm. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the height H1 of the housing 25 of the speaker cabinet 20 in the Y direction (height direction of the car 5) is 5 cm or less. As described above, the height H1 of the housing 25 is limited by the height of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Y direction (the height direction of the car 5).
- the radial surface 23a of the speaker unit 23 is arranged so as to face the side plate 5a of the car 5.
- the radial surface 23a is arranged along the edge of the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10. As shown in FIG. 4, the radial surface 23a is located in the same plane as the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10. Therefore, the position of the radial surface 23a in the X direction (the width direction of the car 5) coincides with or substantially coincides with the position of the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10 in the X direction.
- An opening is provided on the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10 in accordance with the position of the radial surface 23a.
- the entire side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10 may be in an open state. Therefore, the sound radiated from the radiating surface 23a is not shielded by the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10.
- the speaker unit 23 uses the reflection of the side plate 5a of the car 5 to perform "indirect sound radiation" to radiate sound to the user.
- the radial surface 23a of the speaker unit 23 is arranged so as to face the side plate 5a of the car 5 and close to the side plate 5a of the car 5 via the gap 11 having the first distance D.
- the first distance D is, for example, about 5 cm. Therefore, the sound radiated from the radiation surface 23a of the speaker unit 23 is reflected by the side plate 5a of the car 5 immediately after the radiation before the sound pressure level drops.
- the speaker cabinet 20 is arranged behind the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Z direction (the depth direction of the car 5).
- the position of the speaker cabinet 20 in the Z direction is not limited to this, and may be installed in the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Z direction, or installed in front of the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Z direction. May be done.
- the speaker cabinet 20 is arranged in the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Y direction (height direction of the car 5).
- the position of the speaker cabinet 20 in the Y direction is not limited to this, and may be above the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Y direction or below the central portion.
- the speaker unit 23 provided in one of the speaker cabinets 20 is referred to as a speaker unit 23R.
- the speaker unit 23 provided in the speaker cabinet 20 is referred to as a speaker unit 23L.
- the speaker unit 23R and the speaker unit 23L are arranged apart from each other.
- the speaker cabinet 20 accommodating the speaker unit 23R and the speaker cabinet 20 accommodating the speaker unit 23L are arranged apart from each other by a certain distance centering on the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the X direction. ..
- the constant distance is referred to as a second distance D2.
- the second distance D2 is determined from the dimensions of the car 5 in the X direction, the first distance D, and the dimensions of the housing 25 in the X direction.
- the speaker unit 23R and the speaker unit 23L are arranged so that their back surfaces face each other. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the radial surface 23a of the speaker unit 23R is arranged so as to face the side plate 5a on the right side of the car 5. On the other hand, the radial surface 23a of the speaker unit 23L is arranged so as to face the side plate 5a on the left side of the car 5. Each of the radial surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R and 23L is arranged facing the gap 11. Each of the radial surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R and 23L is arranged in the same plane as the left and right side surfaces 10a of the suspended ceiling 10.
- the sound radiated from the speaker unit 23R mainly reaches the right ear of the user
- the sound radiated from the speaker unit 23L mainly reaches the left ear of the user.
- the sound radiated from the speaker unit 23R will be referred to as “right side sound”
- the sound radiated from the speaker unit 23L will be referred to as “left side sound”.
- FIG. 9 is a front view schematically showing a configuration of a modified example of the acoustic system 13 according to the first embodiment.
- the two speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 are provided facing the floor plate 5b of the car 5. Therefore, the radial surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 are arranged to face the floor plate 5b of the car 5 as shown in FIG.
- the speaker cabinet 20 accommodating the speaker unit 23R-1 and the speaker cabinet 20 accommodating the speaker unit 23L-1 are separated from each other by a certain distance from the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the X direction. Have been placed. The constant distance is called a third distance D3.
- the third distance D3 may be the same as or different from the second distance D2 shown in FIG.
- each of the radial surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 is arranged in the same plane as the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10. Therefore, the position of each radial surface 23a in the Y direction (the height direction of the car 5) coincides with or substantially coincides with the position of the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Y direction. Further, the radial surface 23a portion of the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 is fitted into a mounting hole provided in the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10. Each of the radial surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 is exposed to the outside from the mounting hole. Therefore, the sound radiated from each of the radiating surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 is not shielded by the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10.
- the sound radiated from the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 is radiated from the radiating surface 23a in the direction of arrow A.
- the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 perform "direct sound radiation” that directly radiates sound to the user from the suspended ceiling 10.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of a further modification of the acoustic system 13 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a state in which the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10 is viewed from the floor plate 5b side.
- four speaker units 23R-1, 23R-2, 23L-1, and 23L-2 are provided.
- two speaker units 23R-2 and 23L-2 face the side plate 5a on the front side of the car 5. It is provided.
- two other speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 are provided so as to face the floor plate 5b of the car 5. Therefore, the radial surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 are arranged to face the floor plate 5b of the car 5 as shown in FIG.
- two front speaker units 23R-2 and 23L-2 are provided facing the front side plate 5a of the car 5.
- the speaker cabinet 20 accommodating the speaker unit 23R-2 and the speaker cabinet 20 accommodating the speaker unit 23L-2 are arranged apart from each other by a certain distance centering on the central portion of the suspended ceiling 10 in the X direction. ing.
- the constant distance may be the same as, for example, the third distance D3 shown in FIG. 9, or may be different.
- each of the radial surfaces 23a of the speaker units 23R-2 and 23L-2 is arranged so as to face the side plate 5a of the car 5. Further, each of the radial surfaces 23a is arranged along the side of the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10. Therefore, the position of each radial surface 23a in the Z direction (the depth direction of the car 5) coincides with or substantially coincides with the position of the side surface 10a of the suspended ceiling 10 in the Z direction.
- the sound radiated from the speaker units 23R-2 and 23L-2 is radiated from the radiating surface 23a in the direction of arrow A. After that, the sound is reflected by the side plate 5a of the car 5 to become a reflected sound. As shown in FIG. 10, the reflected sound travels in the direction of arrow B. In this way, the speaker units 23R-2 and 23L-2 use the reflection of the side plate 5a of the car 5 to perform "indirect sound radiation" that radiates sound from the suspended ceiling 10 to the user. There is.
- the two speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 on the rear side are provided facing the floor plate 5b of the car 5 as described above with reference to FIG. Therefore, as described above, the two speaker units 23R-1 and 23L-1 on the rear side perform "direct sound radiation” that directly radiates sound to the user from the suspended ceiling 10. ing.
- "indirect sound radiation” and "direct sound radiation” may be mixed and performed.
- the speaker units 23R and 23L shown in FIG. 4 may be provided instead of the speaker units 23R-2 and 23L-2.
- the speaker unit 23 may be installed at an arbitrary location on the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10 in the car 5.
- the installation pattern includes, for example, the case of arranging on the right side and the left side as shown in FIG. 4, the case of installing on the front side and the rear side, and the case of installing on the corners of the lower surface 10b of the suspended ceiling 10. There are, and the combination in those cases is also free. However, the sound quality is better when the speaker units 23 are separated from each other to some extent. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the speaker cabinets 20 accommodating the speaker units 23 are arranged apart by a second distance D2 or a third distance D3.
- the speaker cabinet 20 may be installed in the floor plate 5b of the car 5.
- the user's body itself becomes a sound absorber and a reflector, it becomes difficult for the acoustic signal radiated from the user's feet to reach the user's ear position as the number of users increases.
- the speaker cabinet 20 is basically installed at a position above the user's chest. Therefore, it is desirable to install the speaker cabinet 20 on the suspended ceiling 10 or the upper part of the side plate 5a of the car 5.
- the sound field 27 generated by the acoustic system 13 is, for example, the range shown by the broken line in FIG. Specifically, the height H2 of the lower limit 27a of the sound field 27 is, for example, about 1.0 m to 1.7 m from the floor plate 5b of the car 5, and is preferably 1.6 m.
- the upper limit height of the sound field 27 is, for example, 1.8 m from the floor plate 5b of the car 5. As described above, it is desirable that the sound field 27 is formed so that the height from the floor plate 5b is in the range of 1.6 m to 1.8 m. In this way, the sound field 27 is generated in the portion above the lower limit 27a in the car 5.
- the sound field 27 is formed around the user's head as shown in FIG.
- the height H2 of the lower limit 27a of the sound field 27 is set based on the average height of the user (excluding junior high school students and younger).
- the height from the floor plate 5b is from 0 m to less than 1.6 m, as described above, when a plurality of users are in the car 5, the sound is shielded or blocked by the user's body. Since it is absorbed, a good sound field cannot be formed. Further, in the range where the height from the floor plate 5b exceeds 1.8 m, the sound field 27 is formed unevenly above the user's head, which makes it difficult for the user to hear.
- the generation range of the sound field 27 is not limited to the case where it is generated in the range of 1.6 m to 1.8 m. That is, since the sound field 27 should be generated in the range above the user's chest based on the average height of the user (excluding junior high school students and younger), the height H2 of the lower limit 27a of the sound field 27 Is preferably in the range of, for example, 1.0 m to 1.7 m from the floor plate 5b of the car 5.
- the acoustic content 30 is an acoustic signal radiated from the speaker system 22 under the control of the sound field control unit 21a.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the acoustic content 30 according to the first embodiment.
- the upper part of FIG. 11 shows the acoustic content 30 radiated from the speaker unit 23L shown in FIG. 4, and the lower part of FIG. 11 shows the acoustic content 30 radiated from the speaker unit 23R shown in FIG.
- the acoustic content 30 radiated from the speaker unit 23L and the acoustic content 30 radiated from the speaker unit 23R may be different as shown in FIG. 11, but may be the same.
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents sound pressure level.
- the acoustic content 30 includes a background sound 31 and an additional sound 32 added to the background sound 31.
- the acoustic content 30 is divided into a plurality of time divisions 33.
- the division of the time division 33 is shown by a broken line.
- the total time length of the acoustic content 30 is 90 sec, and the total time length is divided into 12 time divisions 33.
- the number of time divisions 33 is not limited to this, and is appropriately set.
- time lengths of the time divisions 33 are not all the same, and are set to at least two types of time lengths.
- time notations such as “2S”, “8S”, and “5S” indicate the time length in each time division 33.
- “2S” means 2 seconds.
- each time division 33 is given an appropriately set time length.
- the types of time length at least six types of "2S", “5S”, “7S”, “8S”, “9S", and "15S" are included.
- the background sound 31 is set to be continuously radiated over all of the plurality of time divisions 33. Further, the additional sound 32 is individually set for each time division 33 and is radiated for each time division 33. The sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is higher than that of the background sound 31. Further, as shown in the example of FIG. 11, the additional sound 32 is not set for all the time divisions 33, and the time division 33 in which the additional sound 32 is not set is also provided. In the example of FIG. 11, the time division 33 (hereinafter referred to as “first time division”) of “with additional sound” to which the additional sound 32 is added and “without additional sound” to which the additional sound 32 is not added. Time divisions 33 (hereinafter referred to as “second time divisions”) are arranged alternately.
- each time division 33 is set so that at least one of the adjacent time divisions 33 becomes the second time division of "no additional sound". Is placed. That is, at least one "without additional sound” second time division is arranged between the adjacent "with additional sound” first time divisions.
- two or more may be continuously arranged.
- the acoustic content 30 is set between the prelude portion 34 including one or more time divisions 33, the afterplay portion 36 including one or more time divisions, and the prelude portion 34 and the afterplay portion 36, and is one. It has an interlude portion 35 including a time division.
- the prelude portion 34 includes five time divisions 33
- the interlude portion 35 includes one time division 33
- the back part 36 includes six time divisions 33. The number of these time segments is merely an example and is not limited thereto. Further, although it has been explained that the interlude portion 35 includes one time division 33, the interlude portion 35 may include two or more time divisions 33.
- FIG. 11 shows the time change of the acoustic content 30 which is a basic sound source mixed down by combining a plurality of sound sources.
- the total time length of the acoustic content 30 (that is, the acoustic signal) is 2 minutes or less. That is, the total time length of the acoustic content 30 is a maximum of 2 minutes (that is, 120 seconds).
- the vertical movement time of the car 5 of the elevator 1 depends on the height of the building, but even in a high-rise building, the moving time of the car 5 is often about 2 minutes or less. The reason is as follows. The space inside the car 5 is a closed closed space. Under conditions that restrain the user for a long time in the closed closed space, the user cannot even move, and thus the stress state continues.
- the actual running time of the car 5 of the elevator 1 is often limited to 90 seconds or less, and even in a skyscraper, it is limited to 90 seconds to 120 seconds or less. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the total time length of one acoustic content 30 is appropriately set to be within 2 minutes. Further, the acoustic content 30 configured within 2 minutes is repeatedly and continuously reproduced in the car 5 under the control of the sound field control unit 21a. In this way, the repeatedly reproduced acoustic content 30 is created so as to have a melody that changes at a fixed cycle.
- the car 5 moves up and down and stops at the floor designated by the user according to the button operation of the user. Meanwhile, the acoustic content 30 is being repeatedly reproduced. Therefore, the user cannot always listen to the acoustic content 30 from the beginning of the acoustic content 30.
- the elevator 1 may be used from the middle stage of the acoustic content 30 being reproduced.
- users may often use elevator 1 to move to multiple floors, for example, from the 1st floor to the 10th floor, but to move to one floor, for example, from the 4th floor to the 5th floor. In some cases, the user may use the elevator 1.
- the acoustic content 30 that does not cause stress and discomfort is emitted to the user who uses the elevator 1 to move one floor.
- it does not play music that is a "meaningful sound”, but “occurs in the natural world” that has no special meaning.
- Use "sound” "meaningless sound”. In the case of reproduction of "meaningless sound”, even if the user is forcibly interrupted to hear the sound during the reproduction of the sound, it is extremely unlikely that the user will be stressed.
- the acoustic content 30 is composed of a combination of a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world.
- the sound source is, for example, the following (1) to (7), and the acoustic content 30 is composed of a combination thereof.
- the sound sources (1) to (3) are sound sources constituting the background sound 31 of FIG. 11, and are sounds that make the user imagine the state of the environment in the natural world.
- the sound sources (1) to (3) are sound sources (hereinafter referred to as first sound sources) in the natural environment.
- the sounds of the sound sources (1) to (3) are sounds generated from the first sound source, that is, sounds based on the state of the environment in the natural world.
- the sounds of the sound sources (4) to (7) are sounds constituting the additional sound 32 of FIG. 11, and are sounds that make the user imagine the behavior of a creature in the natural world.
- the sound sources (4) to (7) are sound sources (hereinafter referred to as second sound sources) of organisms living in the natural world.
- the sounds of the sound sources (4) to (7) are sounds generated from the second sound source, that is, sounds based on the behavior of living things in the natural world.
- the acoustic content 30 shown in FIG. 11 is the acoustic content (a) evaluated to have the best comfort based on the evaluation results of FIGS. 22 and 23, which will be described later.
- notations such as "(2)" and “(4)” indicate which sound of the above sound sources (1) to (7) is set for each time division 33.
- notations such as "(4) (2)” indicate a combination of the background sound 31 and the additional sound 32.
- the notations such as "(1) + (3)” and "(4) + (5)” indicate a combination of background sounds 31 or a combination of additional sounds 32. ..
- the upper part of FIG. 11 shows the acoustic content 30 radiated from the speaker unit 23L shown in FIG.
- the background sound 31 composed of the sound source (2) is continuously set for all the time divisions 33.
- the additional sound 32 of the sound source (4) is added, and in the fourth time division 33, the additional sound 32 of the sound source (6) is added. ..
- the additional sound of the sound source (4) and the additional sound 32 of the sound source (5) are added to the sixth time division 33 constituting the interlude portion 35.
- the additional sound 32 of the sound source (4) is added to each of the 8th, 10th, and 12th time divisions 33.
- the lower part of FIG. 11 shows the acoustic content radiated from the speaker unit 23R shown in FIG.
- a background sound 31 composed of a sound source (1) and a sound source (3) is continuously set for all time divisions 33.
- the additional sound 32 of the sound source (4) is added, and in the fourth time division 33, the additional sound 32 of the sound source (6) is added.
- the additional sound of the sound source (4) and the additional sound 32 of the sound source (5) are added to the sixth time division 33 constituting the interlude portion 35.
- the additional sound 32 of the sound source (4) is added to each of the 8th, 10th, and 12th time divisions 33.
- the additional sound 32 of the extremely quiet sound source (5) is added to the background sound 31.
- the additional sound 32 of the extremely quiet sound source (7) is added to the background sound 31.
- the sound pressure level of these additional sounds 32 and the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 are almost the same.
- at least one "without additional sound” is used between the first time divisions of the adjacent "with additional sound”. Two time divisions are arranged.
- an exceptional second time division including an extremely quiet additional sound 32 may be arranged between the adjacent first time divisions.
- time notations such as "2S", “8S”, and “5S” indicate the time length in each time division 33.
- each time division 33 does not have the same time length, but has two or more types of time lengths appropriately set for each time division 33.
- the type of time length of the time division 33 is not limited to that shown in FIG.
- the time length of the time division 33 may have a preset fluctuation range with respect to the indicated time length. Specifically, when the time length of the time division 33 is 6 seconds or more, the fluctuation range is up to -5 seconds, and when the time length of the time division 33 is less than 6 seconds, the fluctuation width is up to +3 seconds. There may be.
- the fluctuation range is an allowable range for maintaining comfort to the sound.
- the time division 33 indicated by "8S” in FIG. 11 is in the range of 3 to 8 seconds.
- the time length may be set as appropriate.
- the time length may be appropriately set in the range of 1 to 6 seconds.
- the time length may be appropriately set in the range of 2 to 5 seconds.
- the time division 33 constituting the interlude portion 35 of the acoustic content 30 has the longest time division among the plurality of time divisions 33. In the example of FIG. 11, it is "15S".
- the time length of the time division 33 having the maximum time length is defined as the first time length. In the example of FIG. 11, the first time length is "8S”.
- the prelude portion 34 when limited to the time division 33 of "with additional sound" to which the additional sound 32 is added, the maximum time length is "5S".
- the time length of the time division 33 having the maximum time length is set as the second time length.
- the second time length is "9S”.
- the maximum time length is "5S”.
- the third time length is "15S”.
- the third hour length is set to be longer than the first hour length and the second hour length.
- the acoustic content 30 uses sounds in the natural world. Further, in the series of presented sounds of the acoustic content 30, the sound intensity is gradually changed with time, such as the prelude portion 34 ⁇ the interlude portion 35 ⁇ the postpartment portion 36, as in general music. .. Specifically, in the acoustic content 30, in the interlude portion 35, the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is maximized, and the time length of the additional sound 32 is also the longest.
- the maximum value of the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 in the time division 33 included in the prelude portion 34 is set as the first level.
- the maximum value of the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 in the time division 33 included in the after-play portion 36 is set as the second level.
- the maximum value of the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 in the time division 33 included in the interlude portion 35 is set as the third level.
- the third level is set to be larger than the first level and the second level. In the example of FIG. 11, the third level is set to be about 1.5 to 4 times larger than the first level and the second level.
- the user hears the additional sound 32 having a low sound pressure level in the prelude portion 34, and then hears the additional sound 32 having a high sound pressure level in the interlude portion 35. In this way, the user does not hear a sudden change in sound by receiving a change in the sound intensity of the additional sound 32 with time change. As a result, the user can hear the reproduced sound of the acoustic content 30 without discomfort.
- the maximum value of the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 in the time division 33 included in the interlude portion 35 is set to the third level, but the additional sound in the time division 33 included in the interlude portion 35 is set.
- the average value of the sound pressure levels of 32 may be set as the third level.
- the background sound 31 is always inserted as the base signal in all the time divisions 33, in addition to the additional sound 32.
- the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 is set lower than the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32.
- the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 is defined by a numerical difference from the additional sound 32. As a specific numerical value, the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is increased by 10 dB or more from the sound pressure level of the background sound 31. Further, even if the difference in sound pressure level is too large, it causes discomfort to the user, so the upper limit is set to about 20 dB.
- the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is increased in the range of +10 dB to +20 dB (instantaneous) from the sound pressure level of the background sound 31.
- the additional sound 32 is presented as a signal having a clear sound pressure level with respect to the background sound 31.
- the total time length of the acoustic content 30 is described as 90 seconds to 120 seconds, but when the closed space is the elevator car 5, the movement of one floor or the movement of two floors is performed. It may be used. In these cases, as described above, the usage is very short, such as 10 to 20 seconds. In these cases, for example, the reproduction of the interlude portion 35 of the acoustic content 30 may be skipped, and control may be performed to reproduce only the prelude portion 34 and the post-prelude portion 36.
- the sound field control unit 21a obtains information on the switch operation of the user's car operation panel 5f from the car control device 9.
- the sound field control unit 21a detects the switch operation of the user based on the information, and determines whether or not the elevator 1 is used for a short time from the switch operation. That is, it is assumed that a switch operation for designating the "10th floor” is first performed on the car operation panel 5f in the car 5 stopped on the "1st floor”. Next, the car 5 stops at the floor below the "10th floor", for example, the "5th floor”, and then the switch operation is specified to specify the floor below the "10th floor”, for example, the "7th floor”. Was done. From the information of these switch operations, the sound field control unit 21a determines that the user who got on the "fifth floor” is using the elevator 1 for a short time.
- the sound field control unit 21a controls to skip the interlude portion 35 and reproduce the acoustic content 30 when it is determined that the elevator 1 is used for a short time. As described above, in the first embodiment, it is possible to perform a control process such as not letting the user hear the sound radiation of the interlude portion 35, for example.
- the signal processing for each sound source is based on the following. However, the signal processing does not necessarily have to be performed, and may be performed as needed.
- phase processing such as reverb and pan is not performed on the background sounds 31 of the above sound sources (1) to (3).
- signal processing may be performed. Specifically, at least one of the following two signal processes (i) and (ii) is used for the left and right signals of the background sound 31 so that a sense of spaciousness can be obtained audibly. You may do one.
- a delay time of 300 ms or less is provided for one of the signal on the right side and the signal on the left side of the background sound 31 so as to be delayed more than the other.
- a gain difference in the range of ⁇ 3 dB to 6 dB is provided for the sound pressure level of one of the signal on the right side and the signal on the left side of the background sound 31 so as to be different from the sound pressure level of the other.
- the signal processing (i) will be described.
- the upper side shows the signal on the left side
- the lower side shows the signal on the right side.
- the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 of the portion surrounded by the broken line ellipse 37 is slightly. You can see that it is getting bigger. Further, it can be seen that in the signal on the right side in the same time division 33, the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 in the portion surrounded by the broken line ellipse 38 is slightly increased.
- the signal on the lower right side is slightly behind the signal on the upper left side.
- a delay time is provided for the background sound 31 of the right signal so that the background sound 31 of the signal on the right side lags behind the background sound 31 of the signal on the left side.
- the delay time is appropriately set in the range of 300 ms or less, which is larger than 0 ms. This makes it possible to produce a sense of spaciousness of the sound.
- the timing of radiation of the signal on the left side is earlier than that of the signal on the right side, but the reverse is also possible.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing instantaneous frequency characteristics when the time waveform at the point (B) position in FIG. 11 is subjected to FFT (fast Fourier transform) processing. That is, FIG. 12 shows the instantaneous frequency characteristics of the additional sound 32.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing instantaneous frequency characteristics when the time waveform at the point (A) position in FIG. 11 is FFT processed. That is, FIG. 13 shows the instantaneous frequency characteristics of the background sound 31.
- the horizontal axis indicates the frequency and the vertical axis indicates the sound pressure level.
- the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 shown in FIG. 12 is higher than the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 shown in FIG.
- the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is provided with a gain difference of +10 dB or more so that the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is larger than that of the background sound 31.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 Comparing FIGS. 12 and 13, in FIG. 12, a large change can be seen in the frequency characteristics between 2000 Hz and 10000 Hz. That is, in FIG. 12, the sound pressure level in the frequency band between 2000 Hz and 10000 Hz is remarkably higher than that of the other portions.
- FIG. 13 there is no significant change in the frequency characteristics in any frequency band. That is, the change in the frequency characteristic seen in FIG. 12 shows the characteristic change when the additional sound 32 is projected from the background sound 31 by 10 dB or more as described above.
- the user can surely recognize the sound in the frequency band where the sound pressure level has changed, and potentially have an attitude of trying to hear the sound in that frequency band. .. As a result, the user can concentrate on listening to the sound and cause a mood change.
- the sound pressure level is changed in the frequency band between 2000 Hz and 10000 Hz, but the present invention is not limited to this case. That is, it is important to change the sound pressure level in the frequency band of 800 Hz or higher.
- the frequency band that is easily audible to humans is the band from 800 Hz or higher to 15 kHz (the range of the dotted line frame in FIGS. 12 and 13).
- the frequency of the additional sound 32 is set to 800 Hz or higher.
- 14 and 16 are diagrams showing an example of a case where signal processing is performed on the additional sound 32 included in the acoustic content 30 according to the first embodiment.
- the left and right signals are panned.
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents angle.
- FIG. 14 shows a case where the pan processing is performed to make the user feel that the sound source has moved from right to left.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the principle of bread processing according to the first embodiment.
- stereo expansion processing is performed as signal processing.
- FIG. 16 shows a case where phase control processing is performed so that “expansion” and “narrowness” can be repeatedly obtained within the total time length of the acoustic content 30.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the principle of stereo expansion processing according to the first embodiment. The signal processing shown in FIGS. 14 and 16 is performed on the sound source included in the acoustic content 30 as necessary.
- signal processing such as pan processing and stereo expansion processing is performed as necessary.
- the signal processing shall be performed based on the auditory sense, and at least one of the following two signal processing (iii) and (iv) shall be performed.
- the pan processing of the left and right signals of the additional sound 32 freely changes the range from 90 degrees to ⁇ 90 degrees within the total time length (for example, 90 seconds) of the acoustic content 30.
- the stereo expansion processing of the left and right signals of the additional sound 32 is performed within the total time length (for example, 90 seconds) of the acoustic content 30 in the range of 20% to 240% with respect to the left and right signals of the additional sound 32. Freely change the phase difference.
- the signal processing (iii) will be explained.
- the pan processing of FIG. 14 the pan of the left and right signals of the additional sound 32 is changed in the range of 90 degrees to ⁇ 90 degrees within the total time length (for example, 90 seconds) of the acoustic content 30. This gives the user the impression that the sound source has moved from right to left. Therefore, when the pan processing shown in FIG. 14 is performed on the feather sound when the bird of the above sound source (5) flies, the user has the impression that the bird flies and moves from right to left. Can be done.
- pan means the left and right positions (localization) where the sound can be heard. That is, “pan” has the meaning of where to place the sound source on the left and right.
- “Bread” is also called “bread pot”.
- the center is displayed at 0 degrees, the left side is displayed as a negative numerical value, and the right side is displayed as a positive numerical value.
- the position of the point 50 is 0 degrees and is the center. Further, the position of the point 52 is 90 degrees, and the position of the point 54 is ⁇ 90 degrees.
- the pan of the left and right signals of the additional sound 32 is changed from +90 degrees to ⁇ 90 degrees in the total time length (for example, 90 seconds) of the acoustic content 30. I'm letting you. Not limited to this case, conversely, the pan of the left and right signals of the additional sound 32 may be converted from ⁇ 90 degrees to +90 degrees in the total time length (for example, 90 seconds) of the acoustic content 30. good.
- the phase difference is changed in the range of 20% to 240% with respect to the left and right signals of the additional sound 32 within the total time length (for example, 90 seconds) of the acoustic content 30.
- the case where the phase difference is 100% is standard, and when the phase difference is less than 100%, the user feels a “narrow feeling”.
- the phase difference exceeds 100% the user is given the impression that the space has expanded, and the user feels an "expanded feeling”.
- FIG. 16 shows an example in which processing is repeated within 90 seconds to obtain an “expanded feeling” and a “narrow feeling”.
- the “expansion feeling” is gradually increased in the first 15 seconds
- the “narrowness” is gradually increased in the latter 15 seconds.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the user 60 and the speaker cabinet 20 in a plan view.
- FIG. 17 shows a state in which the user 60 is located in front of the midpoint 61 between the speaker unit 23R and the speaker unit 23L.
- the straight line 62 is a straight line connecting the position of the speaker unit 23R and the position of the user 60
- the straight line 63 is a straight line connecting the position of the speaker unit 23L and the position of the user 60.
- the straight line 64 is a straight line connecting the position of the virtual speaker unit 23Rv and the position of the user 60
- the straight line 65 is a straight line connecting the position of the virtual speaker unit 23Lv and the position of the user 60.
- the stereo expansion process is a process of expanding the positions of the speaker unit 23R and the speaker unit 23L perceived by the user 60 to the positions of the virtual speaker unit 23Rv and the virtual speaker unit 23Lv. That is, when the stereo expansion process is not applied to the acoustic signal, the range in which the acoustic signal of the user 60 can be localized is the angle ⁇ between the straight line 62 and the straight line 63. When the acoustic signal is subjected to stereo expansion processing, the range in which the acoustic signal of the user 60 can be localized is the angle ⁇ between the straight line 64 and the straight line 65.
- “expansion” and “narrowing” are performed in the range of 20% to 240% with respect to the left and right signals of the additional sound 32 in the total time length (for example, 90 seconds) of the acoustic content 30.
- the stereo expansion process that repeats is performed.
- the range is from 20% to 240%, but the present invention is not limited to that case. That is, the range in which the stereo expansion processing is performed may be appropriately set, and may be, for example, in the range of 20% to 100%.
- the user 60 perceives that the sound is radiated from the virtual speaker unit 23Rv and the virtual speaker unit 23Lv. do.
- FIG. 18 is a top view showing the positional relationship between the speaker unit and the user according to the first embodiment.
- the speaker unit 23 installed on the front right side of the user 70 is referred to as a speaker unit 23R.
- the speaker unit 23 installed on the front left side of the user 70 is referred to as a speaker unit 23L.
- the sounds radiated from the speaker unit 23R become the direct sound R (reference numeral 73) and the cross sound RL (reference numeral 74), and reach the right ear 70R and the left ear 70L of the user 70, respectively.
- the direct sound R reference numeral 73
- the cross sound RL reference numeral 74
- the cross sound RL is an indirect sound that propagates from the speaker unit 23R at an arbitrary time and arrives at the left ear 70L of the user 70.
- the sound radiated from the speaker unit 23L becomes a direct sound L (reference numeral 75) and a cross sound LR (reference numeral 76), and reaches the left ear 70L and the right ear 70R of the user 70, respectively.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing waveforms of a direct sound and a cross sound according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is phase.
- the direct sound R reference numeral 73
- the direct sound L reference numeral 75
- the cross sound RL reference numeral 74
- the cross sound LR reference numeral 74
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a time difference between two signals.
- the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is phase.
- the propagation time 82 of the waveform 80 is shorter than the propagation time 83 of the waveform 81.
- the difference between the propagation time 82 and the propagation time 83 is the time difference ⁇ t.
- the stereo expansion process will be briefly explained. Due to the cross component, the sound image of the radiated sound from the speaker unit 23 is heard gathered in the center of the cross component, that is, in the center of the passenger's left and right ears.
- the cross sound is radiated first, and then the sound is radiated directly with a time lag.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the waveform of the sound wave after the phase control process.
- the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is phase.
- the time difference ⁇ t between the cross sound RL (reference numeral 74) and the cross sound LR (reference numeral 76) is eliminated.
- the time difference ⁇ t between the direct sound R (reference numeral 73) and the direct sound L (reference numeral 75) is eliminated.
- the cross sound RL (reference numeral 74) and the cross sound LR (reference numeral 76) are radiated first, and then, after a certain delay time is provided, the direct sound R (reference numeral 73) and the direct sound L (reference numeral 75) are radiated. Is radiating.
- the cross sound radiated first can give the user 70 a sense of movement of the sound
- the direct sound radiated after that can give the user 70 a sense of localization of the sound.
- the user 70 has the impression that the sound image is spreading.
- the user 70 can hear the sound radiation having a sense of movement and a sense of localization obtained from the fact that the phases are aligned, without having a sense of discomfort that the sound field is hollowed out only above the user. It will be possible.
- the pan processing can be realized by adjusting the time difference ⁇ t between the four signals shown in FIG. 19 or adjusting the propagation time of those four signals.
- the time difference to be adjusted is the time difference ⁇ t between the direct sound R (reference numeral 73) and the direct sound L (reference numeral 75), and the time difference ⁇ t between the direct sound R (reference numeral 73) and the cross sound LR (reference numeral 76).
- the obtained acoustic effect differs depending on which of these time differences ⁇ t is adjusted.
- pan processing in FIG. 14 and the stereo expansion processing in FIG. 16 are not limited to the phase control processing, and any of other generally known existing methods may be used.
- FIGS. 22 and 23 are schematic views showing the results of subjective and physiological evaluation of human beings by the SD (semantic differential scale method) method. 22 and 23 show an example of a subject experiment result when the user of the actual elevator 1 evaluates the subjective amount for the aptitude factor when the specification of the acoustic content 30 is changed. Note that FIG. 11 shows the acoustic content 30 when the comfort is evaluated to be the best based on the evaluation results of FIGS. 22 and 23.
- the evaluation result by the SD method for evaluating the impression of the sound in a plurality of stages was used by using the plurality of adjective pairs shown in FIGS. 22 and 23.
- the evaluation result of this factor analysis the acoustic content 30 according to the first embodiment has been highly evaluated.
- FIGS. 22 and 23 show an example of an adjective pair used for evaluation of the SD method.
- seven adjective pairs were used for the human subjective and physiological sound quality evaluation results of the SD method, and each was evaluated on a five-point scale.
- the seven adjective pairs are specifically "safe-anxious”, “free-non-free”, “relaxed-tensioned”, “open-closed”, and “refreshing-annoying”. , "Wide-narrow”, “comfortable-unpleasant”.
- comfort and a feeling of spaciousness are also evaluated.
- FIGS. 22 and 23 show the results of an experiment conducted with 40 men and women of all ages.
- the male-female ratio of the subjects is 1: 1, that is, the subjects include 20 males and 20 females.
- 22 and 23 show the average of the results.
- the adjective pair in FIGS. 22 and 23 the adjective on the left side is an adjective corresponding to "pleasant" or "good", and the adjective on the right side is an adjective corresponding to "unpleasant" or "bad".
- the acoustic content radiated to the subject is as follows.
- the additional sound of the acoustic contents (c) and (d) is the additional sound 32 of the above (4) (the bark of one or more birds) or the additional sound 32 of the above (5) (when the bird flies). The sound of the feathers).
- the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is 3 dB lower than the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 of the acoustic content (a).
- the radiation interval of the additional sound 32 is shorter than the radiation interval of the additional sound 32 of the acoustic content (a).
- FIG. 22 shows the subjective and physiological evaluation results of each subject for each acoustic content at that time by having the subject listen to the acoustic contents (a) to (d) in the car 5.
- the result of the acoustic content (a) is the best
- the acoustic content (b) is next
- the result of the acoustic content (c) and (d) is general.
- the worst in particular, in the acoustic content (a), many subjects had the impression of being "safe” and "open”.
- the acoustic content (d) many subjects had the impression of "annoying" and "unpleasant”.
- the acoustic content (c) many subjects had the impression that they were "tensioned” and "narrow.”
- the acoustic content (a) which is the reference signal changes to the "unpleasant” element. That is, from the factor analysis results for each acoustic content shown in FIG. 22, it was confirmed that the acoustic content (a) clearly obtained better results than the other acoustic contents. Therefore, it was confirmed that the acoustic content 30 according to the first embodiment can give a sense of security, a sense of openness, and comfort to the subject.
- transient signal changes such as bird barks or bird flying sounds contribute particularly to the "unpleasant" element.
- the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 of the bird's bark or the flying sound of the bird is small as in (c), even if the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 is the same, it is not possible to give comfort to the user. , Users tend to feel "unpleasant”.
- the additional sound 32 of the bird's bark or the flying sound of the bird is frequently heard, the user has an impression that it is noisy and tends to feel "unpleasant".
- the acoustic content radiated to the subject is as follows.
- the acoustic content (a) is the same as the acoustic content (a) shown in FIG. 22.
- the acoustic content (e) is pop music including vocal singing voice.
- FIG. 23 shows the subjective and physiological evaluation results of each subject for each acoustic content at that time by having the subject listen to the acoustic contents (a), (e) and (f) in the car 5. ..
- the result of the acoustic content (a) was the best, and the result of the acoustic content (e) and (f) was generally bad.
- both the pop music of the acoustic content (e) and the symphony of the acoustic content (f) have "pleasant" evaluation results as compared with the acoustic content 30 composed of natural sounds.
- the element changes from an element to an "unpleasant” element.
- the symphony of the acoustic content (f) had many negative opinions that the subjects were "tensioned” and "narrow", and the result was that it was unsuitable for the basket 5. That is, from the factor analysis results for each acoustic content shown in FIG. 23, it was clearly confirmed that the acoustic content (a) obtained better results than the other acoustic contents. Therefore, it was confirmed that the acoustic content 30 composed of the "meaningless sound" according to the first embodiment can give a sense of security, a sense of openness, and comfort to the subject.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of a sound source of the additional sound 32 to be inserted into the acoustic content 30 for each season and each life time zone. As shown in FIG. 24, the type of the organism used for the additional sound 32 is changed for each season and each life time zone.
- the background sound 31 is one of the above sound sources (1) to (3).
- the season is “spring” and the life time zone is "early morning”
- the background sound 31 of any of the above sound sources (1) to (3) sparrow, swallow, warbler, etc.
- the acoustic content 30 to which at least one additional sound 32 of the velarifictorus vulgaris is added is created.
- at least one of the water beetles, suzumushi, and matsumushi is added to the background sound 31 of any of the above sound sources (1) to (3).
- the acoustic content 30 to which one additional sound 32 is added is created.
- a plurality of different acoustic contents 30 are created in advance for each season and each living time zone and stored in the storage unit 21c.
- the sound field control unit 21a acquires data of the current date and time from the timer unit 21d, and switches to the acoustic content 30 corresponding to the actual season and life time zone based on the data of the date and time.
- a plurality of acoustic contents 30 may be prepared for each season and each living time zone, and the acoustic contents 30 may be switched according to the actual season and the living time zone. ..
- a feeling of excitement can be obtained, and riding in the car 5 of the elevator 1 may be one of the pleasures. In this way, by switching the acoustic content 30, it is possible to further reduce the stress of the user.
- a user in a closed space is used by playing a combination of a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world and radiating them to a target closed space. It is possible to reduce the stress of.
- the basic number of speaker cabinets 20 installed is two.
- the acoustic content 30 is radiated from a plurality of directions to the target closed space, thereby forming a three-dimensional sound field environment. It is possible to obtain a more natural sound field feeling.
- the number of speaker units 23 mounted on one speaker cabinet 20 may be two or more.
- one speaker is a full-range speaker
- the other speaker is a low-frequency speaker or a high-frequency speaker that is used as an auxiliary to the full-range speaker.
- the speaker cabinet 20 alone can handle from low frequencies to high frequencies, and can radiate a wide frequency band finely.
- the number of speaker cabinets 20 and speaker units 23 is not limited to these cases, and may be one. Even in that case, the storage unit 21c stores a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world in advance, and the sound field control unit 21a reproduces the plurality of sound sources in combination to "heal" the user in the closed space. And it leads to “breathing", and it is possible to further reduce the stress of the user.
- the radiation of the acoustic signal as described above causes a closed space, for example, from above the user's head or from the user's chest, such as in the car 5 of the elevator 1 where strangers often ride on each other. Create a sound field space in the upper position. As a result, the user can aurally feel that the narrow space is a wide space at the same time as getting into the car 5. As a result, it is possible to reduce the stress caused by "awkwardness" and "discomfort" when riding with a stranger in a narrow environment.
- an acoustic signal based on the acoustic content 30 that combines sounds from a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world is radiated from the speaker system 22.
- the radiant sound of such natural sound utilization is heard by the user as a wide space even in a closed space, for example, in the car 5 of the elevator 1 where strangers often ride on each other. It is possible to make people feel like they are, and it is possible to reduce stress.
- sounds in the natural world are "meaningless sounds", they are not affected by the genre of the user's preference, and it is unlikely that the user's preference will be divided.
- the acoustic content 30 is a "meaningless sound"
- the user does not particularly want to hear the acoustic content 30 from the beginning or listen to the acoustic content 30 to the end. Therefore, even if the user gets in or out of the car 5 during the reproduction of the acoustic content 30, the user is not given any special stress.
- the storage unit 21c may store a plurality of sound sources generated in the natural world in advance instead of the acoustic content 30.
- the sound field control unit 21a combines and reproduces two or more sound sources among those sound sources.
- the sound field control unit 21a selects, for example, at least one of the backgrounds A to C of the sound sources (1) to (3) described above as the background sound 31. Further, the sound field control unit 21a selects at least one of the additional sounds A to D of the sound sources (4) to (7) described above as the additional sound 32.
- the sound field control unit 21a combines and reproduces the selected background sound 31 and the selected additional sound 32 in synchronization with each other. As described above, by reproducing the background sound 31 and the additional sound 32 using the sound source generated in the natural world in combination, the stress reducing effect of the user in the closed space can be obtained.
- the sound field control unit 21a when the sound field control unit 21a reproduces the sound sources stored in the storage unit 21c in combination, the sound field control unit 21a sets the time length for reproducing the background sound 31 and the additional sound 32 at the time of reproduction, for example. The time length of the above time division 33 described with reference to FIG. 11 is adjusted. Further, the sound field control unit 21a sets the reproduction time of one time to a maximum of 2 minutes, which is the same as that of the acoustic content 30, so that the reproduction is continuously repeated. Further, the sound field control unit 21a sets the prelude portion 34, the interlude portion 35, and the post-play portion 36 at the time of reproduction, and adjusts the sound pressure level and the time length thereof in the same manner as the acoustic content 30.
- the sound field control unit 21a adjusts the sound pressure levels of the additional sound 32 so that the sound pressure level of the additional sound 32 is higher than that of the background sound 31 at the time of reproduction, as in the acoustic content 30. That is, the sound field control unit 21a adjusts the time length and the sound pressure level of the background sound 31 and the additional sound 32 at the time of reproduction so that the radiation is similar to the radiation of the acoustic content 30. In short, the difference is whether the acoustic content 30 is generated and reproduced in advance, or the acoustic content 30 is generated and reproduced. Therefore, the radiated acoustic signal is the same in each case.
- the time length and sound pressure level are stored in advance in the storage unit 21c as a data table, and the sound field control unit 21a determines the time length of the background sound 31 and the additional sound 32 based on the data table. And the sound pressure level may be adjusted.
- the acoustic content 30 or the sound source may be prepared for each season and the living time zone, and the acoustic content 30 or the sound source may be switched according to the actual season and the living time zone. good.
- the user can feel the change of seasons and the change of the living time zone without giving the user a feeling of rut, and the user can "heal” and "take a break". Is likely to lead to. As a result, it leads to further reduction of stress of the user.
- the closed space may be a waiting room of a hospital or a pharmacy.
- the housing 25 of each speaker cabinet 20 is arranged on the upper surface of the ceiling plate of the waiting room. That is, the housing 25 of each speaker cabinet 20 is installed in the ceiling space above the ceiling plate.
- the height at which the sound field 27 is generated is set to, for example, 1.2 m to 1.4 m in consideration of the user sitting on a chair.
- the closed space may be the space inside a car or a train.
- Automobiles include passenger cars and buses.
- the closed space is an interior space of a passenger car such as a taxi
- the housing 25 of each speaker cabinet 20 is arranged in the ceiling of the interior space or in the dashboard of the driver's seat.
- the height at which the sound field 27 is generated is set to, for example, 1.2 m to 1.4 m in consideration of the user sitting in the seat of the passenger car.
- the housing 25 of each speaker cabinet 20 is arranged in the ceiling of the space inside the car.
- the height at which the sound field 27 is generated may be, for example, 1.6 m to 1.8 m according to the user standing in the car, but for example 1 according to the user sitting in the seat. It may be in the range of .2 m to 1.4 m.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
実施の形態1に係る閉鎖空間用音響システムは、ある程度の密閉性及び静けさを保つことが要求される閉鎖空間に適用される。当該閉鎖空間の例としては、例えば、エレベータのかごの内部空間、電車、バス、タクシーなどの交通機関の車内空間、あるいは、病院または薬局の待合室などの待機空間などが挙げられる。すなわち、実施の形態1に係る閉鎖空間用音響システムが適用される閉鎖空間は、通常の居住空間とは異なる、特殊な狭い閉鎖空間である。更に、具体的に言えば、実施の形態1に係る閉鎖空間は、2人以上の人間が存在可能な空間であり、出入口が閉鎖される構成を有し、一定時間、原則として、内部に存在している人が外部に出られないような空間をいう。以下では、当該閉鎖空間として、エレベータのかご内の空間を例に挙げて説明する。
図3及び図4の説明に戻る。図3及び図4に示すように、スピーカーキャビネット20は、吊り天井10の内部空間に配置されている。吊り天井10のY方向(かご5の高さ方向)の高さは、例えば5cm程度である。従って、図3に示すように、スピーカーキャビネット20の筐体25のY方向(かご5の高さ方向)の高さH1は、5cm以下である。このように、筐体25の高さH1は、吊り天井10のY方向(かご5の高さ方向)の高さによって制限される。また、スピーカーユニット23の放射面23aは、図3及び図4に示すように、かご5の側板5aに対向するように配置されている。放射面23aは、吊り天井10の側面10aの縁に沿って配置されている。放射面23aは、図4に示すように、吊り天井10の側面10aと同じ平面内に位置している。従って、放射面23aのX方向(かご5の幅方向)の位置は、吊り天井10の側面10aのX方向の位置と一致またはほぼ一致している。吊り天井10の側面10aには、放射面23aの位置に合わせて、開口が設けられている。なお、吊り天井10の側面10a全体が、開口状態となっていてもよい。従って、放射面23aから放射された音は、吊り天井10の側面10aによって遮蔽されない。また、上述したように、吊り天井10の側面10aとかご5の側板5aとの間には、第1距離Dの空隙11がある。第1距離Dは、5cm程度である。なお、第1距離Dは、2cm~20cmの範囲で適宜設定され、望ましくは、3cm~10cmの範囲で、エレベータ1のかご5の仕様に合わせて適宜設定される。図3及び図4に示すように、スピーカーユニット23の放射面23aから放射される音は、矢印A方向に放射される。その後、当該音は、かご5の側板5aで反射されて、反射音となる。反射音は、図3及び図4に示すように、矢印B方向に進む。このように、実施の形態1では、スピーカーユニット23が、かご5の側板5aの反射を利用して、利用者に対して音放射を行う「間接的な音放射」を行っている。
スピーカーキャビネット20の設置向きは、図3及び図4の場合に限定されない。図9は、実施の形態1に係る音響システム13の変形例の構成を模式的に示す正面図である。
また、図10は、実施の形態1に係る音響システム13のさらなる変形例の構成を模式的に示す平面図である。図10は、床板5b側から吊り天井10の下面10bを見た状態を示している。図10では、4つのスピーカーユニット23R-1、23R-2、23L-1、23L-2が設けられている。図10では、4つのスピーカーユニット23R-1、23R-2、23L-1、23L-2のうち、2つのスピーカーユニット23R-2および23L-2が、かご5の前側の側板5aに対向して設けられている。また、他の2つのスピーカーユニット23R-1および23L-1が、かご5の床板5bに対向して設けられている。従って、スピーカーユニット23R-1および23L-1の放射面23aは、図9に示すように、かご5の床板5bに対向して配置されている。
かご5の床板5b内にスピーカーキャビネット20を設置する場合もあり得る。しかしながら、利用者の身体そのものが吸音体および反射体となるため、利用者が多くなると、利用者の足元から放射された音響信号は、利用者の耳位置まで到達することが困難になる。その結果、かご5内に、高音質な音響再生に基づく音場27を作り出すことはできない。よって、実施の形態1では、高音質再生を実現するために、利用者の胸より上となる位置にスピーカーキャビネット20を設置することを基本とする。従って、スピーカーキャビネット20は、吊り天井10、又は、かご5の側板5aの上部などに設置することが望ましい。
音響システム13が生成する音場27は、例えば、図3の破線で示される範囲である。具体的には、音場27の下限27aの高さH2は、かご5の床板5bから例えば1.0m~1.7m程度であり、望ましくは、1.6mである。また、音場27の上限の高さは、かご5の床板5bから例えば1.8mである。このように、音場27は、床板5bからの高さが、1.6mから1.8mまでの範囲に形成されることが望ましい。このように、音場27は、かご5内において、下限27aよりも上の部分に生成される。その結果、音場27は、図3に示すように、利用者の頭周辺に形成される。なお、音場27の下限27aの高さH2は、利用者(中学生以下を除く)の平均的な身長高に基づいて設定される。なお、床板5bからの高さが0mから1.6m未満までの範囲は、上述したように、かご5内に複数の利用者が乗っている場合には、利用者の身体によって音が遮蔽または吸収されるため、良好な音場を形成することはできない。また、床板5bからの高さが1.8mを超えた範囲では、音場27が利用者の頭上に偏って形成されるため、利用者にとって聴感的な聞き取りにくさが生じる。音場27の生成範囲は、1.6m~1.8mの範囲に生成される場合に限定されない。すなわち、利用者(中学生以下を除く)の平均的な身長高に基づいて、利用者の胸より上の範囲に音場27が生成されればよいため、音場27の下限27aの高さH2は、かご5の床板5bから例えば1.0m~1.7mの範囲であることが望ましい。
次に、実施の形態1に係る音響コンテンツ30の構成について説明する。音響コンテンツ30は、音場制御部21aの制御により、スピーカーシステム22から放射される音響信号である。図11は、実施の形態1に係る音響コンテンツ30の構成の一例を示す図である。図11の上段は、図4に示したスピーカーユニット23Lから放射される音響コンテンツ30を示し、図11の下段は、図4に示したスピーカーユニット23Rから放射される音響コンテンツ30を示している。スピーカーユニット23Lから放射される音響コンテンツ30と、スピーカーユニット23Rから放射される音響コンテンツ30とは、図11に示すように異なっていてもよいが、同じであってもよい。図11において、横軸は時間を示し、縦軸は音圧レベルを示している。図11に示すように、音響コンテンツ30は、バックグラウンド音31と、バックグラウンド音31に付加される付加音32とを含んでいる。音響コンテンツ30は、複数の時間区分33に分割されている。図11では、時間区分33の区切りを破線で示している。図11の例では、音響コンテンツ30の全時間長は90secであり、当該全時間長が12個の時間区分33に分割されている。時間区分33の個数は、これに限定されず、適宜設定される。
実施の形態1において、音響コンテンツ30(すなわち、音響信号)の全時間長は2分以内とする。すなわち、音響コンテンツ30の全時間長は、最大で2分(すなわち、120秒)である。エレベータ1のかご5の上下移動時間はビルの高さに依存するが、高層ビルであっても、かご5の移動時間は凡そ2分以下である場合が多い。その理由は次の通りである。かご5内の空間は密閉された閉鎖空間である。密閉された閉鎖空間に、利用者を長時間、拘束するような条件下であっては、利用者は動くことさえままならない状態であるために、ストレス状態が続くことになる。更に、かご5内では、閉鎖空間において見知らぬ人同士が非常に近い位置関係にあるため、防犯的な知見からも好ましくない状態であると言える。そのため、エレベータ1のかご5の実走時間は90秒以内に制限されることが多く、超高層ビルであっても、90秒以内~120秒以内に制限されている。よって、実施の形態1では、1つの音響コンテンツ30の全時間長は、2分以内になるように適宜設定する。また、2分以内で構成された音響コンテンツ30を、音場制御部21aの制御により、かご5内で繰り返し連続して再生される。このように、繰り返し再生される音響コンテンツ30は、一定周期で変化する旋律を有するように創生されている。
音響コンテンツ30は、自然界で発生する複数の音源の組み合わせで構成される。音源は、例えば以下の(1)~(7)とし、これらの組み合わせで音響コンテンツ30は構成されている。
(2) バックグラウンドB(略称:BG-B):川または海での水が流れる音
(3) バックグラウンドC(略称:BG-C):雑踏の音、人工物の移動音も含む
(4) 付加音A(略称:F-A):1羽以上の鳥の鳴き声
(5) 付加音B(略称:F-B):鳥が飛ぶときの羽音
(6) 付加音C(略称:F-C):動物の鳴き声
(7) 付加音D(略称:F-D):人の声
実施の形態1では、音響コンテンツ30の中間奏部分35を構成する時間区分33が、複数の時間区分33の中で、最も長い時間長を有している。図11の例では、「15S」となっている。ここで、前奏部分34に含まれる複数の時間区分33のうち、時間長が最大の時間区分33の時間長を第1時間長とする。図11の例では、第1の時間長は「8S」である。また、前奏部分34の中で、付加音32が付加されている「付加音有り」の時間区分33に限定した場合、最大の時間長は「5S」である。また、後奏部分36に含まれる時間区分33のうち、時間長が最大の時間区分33の時間長を第2時間長とする。図11の例では、第2時間長は「9S」である。また、後奏部分36の中で、付加音32が付加されている「付加音有り」の時間区分33に限定した場合、最大の時間長は「5S」である。このとき、中間奏部分35に含まれる時間区分33の時間長を第3時間長とすると、図11の例では、第3時間長は「15S」である。実施の形態1では、第3時間長が、第1時間長及び第2時間長より長くなるように設定されている。
図11に示すように、中間奏部分35を構成する時間区分33においては、前奏部分34及び後奏部分36に含まれる時間区分33に比べて、付加音32の、のべ時間長が長くなっている。このように、音響コンテンツ30の全時間長の中間点の前後に、長目の時間長の付加音32を持つことが大切である。音発生の初段階で付加音32の長さが長い場合は、利用者が、初めて音響コンテンツ30の再生の有るエレベータ1を利用した場合に、驚きを覚えて、不快感を与えてしまう要因になってしまう。よって、エレベータ1の稼働後の途中で長目の付加音32の提示をすることで、エレベータ1の利用者の飽きを低減させる効果をもたらす。
付加音32を含む音響コンテンツ30をかご5内で再生することで、エレベータ1内の独特な「気まずさ」をもたらす不必要な静けさを保つ「緊張感」も低減することが可能となる。よって、実施の形態1に係る音響コンテンツ30は、自然界の音を利用している。また、音響コンテンツ30の一連の提示音は、一般の音楽と同様に、前奏部分34→中間奏部分35→後奏部分36というように、時間変化で徐々に音の強さを変化させている。具体的には、音響コンテンツ30の中で、中間奏部分35において、付加音32の音圧レベルを最も大きくし、且つ、付加音32の時間長も最も長くする。
更に、実施の形態1の音響コンテンツ30においては、付加音32とは別に、常に全ての時間区分33におけるベース信号として、バックグラウンド音31を挿入している。バックグラウンド音31の音圧レベルは、付加音32の音圧レベルよりも低く設定される。バックグラウンド音31の音圧レベルは、付加音32との数値差によって定義する。具体的な数値としては、付加音32の音圧レベルを、バックグラウンド音31の音圧レベルより、10dB以上大きくする。また、音圧レベルの差が大きすぎても、利用者に不快感を与えるため、上限は、20dB程度とする。このように、実施の形態1では、付加音32の音圧レベルを、バックグラウンド音31の音圧レベルより、+10dBから+20dB(瞬時)の範囲で大きくする。これにより、付加音32が、バックグラウンド音31に対して、明確な音圧レベルを持つ信号として提示される。
(ii)バックグラウンド音31の右側の信号及び左側の信号の一方の音圧レベルに対して、他方の音圧レベルと異なるように、±3dB~6dBの範囲でのゲイン差を設ける。
(iv)付加音32の左右信号のステレオ拡張処理は、音響コンテンツ30の全時間長(例えば90秒)以内で、付加音32の左右信号に対して、20%から240%までの範囲で位相差を自由変化させる。
図22及び図23は、SD(semantic differential scale method)法による人間の主観的及び生理的な評価結果を示す概略図である。図22及び図23は、実動するエレベータ1の利用者に音響コンテンツ30の仕様変更したときの適性因子に対する主観量を評価した場合の被験者実験結果例を示している。なお、図11は、図22及び図23の評価結果によって、快適性が最も良いと評価されたときの音響コンテンツ30を示している。
(a):基準信号、すなわち、実施の形態1に係る音響コンテンツ30
(b):基準信号の音圧レベルを-3dBした、小音量コンテンツ
(c):基準信号の付加音の音圧レベルを-3dBした、付加音-小音量コンテンツ
(d):基準信号の付加音の間隔を短くした、付加音-短間隔コンテンツ
(a):基準信号、すなわち、実施の形態1に係る音響コンテンツ30
(e):音楽(ボーカルを含むポップス系音楽)
(f):音楽(ボーカルを含まない交響曲)
Claims (17)
- 閉鎖空間に配置され、1以上のスピーカーユニットを搭載したスピーカーシステムと、
自然界で発生する複数の音源を記憶する記憶部と、
2以上の前記音源を組み合わせて再生し、組み合わせた前記音源に基づく音響信号を前記閉鎖空間に対して前記スピーカーシステムから放射させる音場制御部と
を備えた、閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記音響信号は、
第1音源を前記音源とするバックグラウンド音と、
前記第1音源とは異なる第2音源を前記音源とし、前記バックグラウンド音に付加される付加音とを含み、
前記音響信号は、前記バックグラウンド音に前記付加音を付加することで、前記バックグラウンド音と前記付加音とを組み合わせて構成されている、
請求項1に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記音響信号の全時間長は、2種類以上の異なる時間長に設定された複数の時間区分に分割され、
前記バックグラウンド音は、前記時間区分の全てに亘って設定され、
前記付加音は、前記時間区分ごとに個別に設定されており、
前記音響信号の再生中に、前記バックグラウンド音は前記時間区分の全てに亘って連続して放射され、前記付加音は前記時間区分ごとにそれぞれ放射される、
請求項2に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記時間区分は、
前記バックグラウンド音に前記付加音が付加された第1時間区分と、
前記バックグラウンド音に前記付加音が付加されていない第2時間区分と
を含み、
隣接する前記第1時間区分の間には、少なくとも1つの前記第2時間区分が配置される、
請求項3に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記音響信号の前記全時間長は2分以下であり、
前記音場制御部は、前記音響信号を前記スピーカーシステムから繰り返し連続して放射させる、
請求項3又は4に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記第1音源は、前記自然界の環境における音であり、
前記バックグラウンド音は、前記自然界の環境の状態によって発生する音である、
請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記バックグラウンド音は、
風で揺れる木々の音、川または海での水が流れる音、雑踏の音、及び、人工物の移動音の少なくともいずれか1つを含む、
請求項6に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記第2音源は、前記自然界の中の生物による音であり、
前記付加音は、前記自然界の生物の挙動によって発生する音である、
請求項2~7のいずれか1項に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記付加音は、
1羽以上の鳥の鳴き声、1羽以上の鳥が飛ぶときの羽音、1匹以上の虫の鳴き声、1匹以上の動物の鳴き声、及び、人の声の少なくともいずれか1つを含む、
請求項8に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記付加音の音圧レベルは、前記バックグラウンド音の音圧レベルより大きい、
請求項2~9のいずれか1項に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記付加音の音圧レベルと前記バックグラウンド音の音圧レベルとの差は、10dB以上である、
請求項10に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記付加音の周波数帯域は、800Hz以上、15kHz以下に設定されている、
請求項2~11のいずれか1項に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記音響信号は、
1以上の前記時間区分を含む前奏部分と、
1以上の前記時間区分を含む後奏部分と、
前記前奏部分と前記後奏部分との間に設定され、1つの前記時間区分を含む中間奏部分と
を含む、
請求項3~12のいずれか1項に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記前奏部分に含まれる前記時間区分における前記付加音の音圧レベルの最大値を第1レベルとし、
前記後奏部分に含まれる前記時間区分における前記付加音の音圧レベルの最大値を第2レベルとし、
前記中間奏部分に含まれる前記時間区分における前記付加音の音圧レベルの最大値または平均値を第3レベルとしたとき、
前記第3レベルは、前記第1レベル及び前記第2レベルより大きい、
請求項13に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記前奏部分に含まれる前記時間区分のうち、時間長が最大の時間区分の時間長を第1時間長とし、
前記後奏部分に含まれる前記時間区分のうち、時間長が最大の時間区分の時間長を第2時間長とし、
前記中間奏部分に含まれる前記時間区分の時間長を第3時間長としたとき、
前記第3時間長は、前記第1時間長及び前記第2時間長より長い、
請求項13又は14に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 現在の日時をカウントするタイマ部を備え、
前記記憶部は、季節ごと及び生活時間帯ごとに作成された複数の前記音源を記憶しており、
前記音場制御部は、前記タイマ部から現在の日時データを取得して、前記日時データに基づいて、実際の季節及び実際の生活時間帯に対応する音源を前記記憶部から読み出して、前記音源に基づく前記音響信号を前記スピーカーシステムから放射させる、
請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。 - 前記閉鎖空間は、エレベータのかごの内部空間であり、
各前記スピーカーユニットは、前記エレベータの前記かごの天井板に固定された吊り天井の内部に配置されている、
請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の閉鎖空間用音響システム。
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WO2020136872A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 雰囲気清浄化装置、雰囲気清浄化方法及びエレベータ |
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- 2020-12-21 JP JP2022570769A patent/JP7475495B2/ja active Active
- 2020-12-21 CN CN202080107826.1A patent/CN116568624A/zh active Pending
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JPS6012567U (ja) * | 1983-07-06 | 1985-01-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベ−タ |
JPH0322260A (ja) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-01-30 | Omron Corp | Bgm選択放送装置 |
JPH0338698A (ja) * | 1989-07-05 | 1991-02-19 | Shimizu Corp | 自然音再生装置 |
JP2008042691A (ja) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-21 | Global Success Kk | ミキシング装置 |
JP2009035340A (ja) | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Building Techno Service Co Ltd | エレベータかご内のbgm再生装置 |
JP5322607B2 (ja) | 2008-12-01 | 2013-10-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベータの音響制御装置及びエレベータの音響システム及びエレベータ装置 |
JP2016023000A (ja) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-02-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | エレベーター装置 |
JP2019066667A (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-25 | 株式会社アールライブ | 環境音再生装置 |
WO2020136872A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 雰囲気清浄化装置、雰囲気清浄化方法及びエレベータ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See also references of EP4265553A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN116568624A (zh) | 2023-08-08 |
EP4265553A4 (en) | 2024-03-06 |
EP4265553A1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
JP7475495B2 (ja) | 2024-04-26 |
JPWO2022137276A1 (ja) | 2022-06-30 |
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