WO2022135123A1 - Anti-cavitation-corrosion device for hydraulic structure, and construction method - Google Patents
Anti-cavitation-corrosion device for hydraulic structure, and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022135123A1 WO2022135123A1 PCT/CN2021/135615 CN2021135615W WO2022135123A1 WO 2022135123 A1 WO2022135123 A1 WO 2022135123A1 CN 2021135615 W CN2021135615 W CN 2021135615W WO 2022135123 A1 WO2022135123 A1 WO 2022135123A1
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- cavitation
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- panel
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/06—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against corrosion by soil or water
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of anti-cavitation for hydraulic tunnels, in particular to a device for anti-cavitation of hydraulic structures and a construction method.
- cavitation bubbles In a flowing liquid, when the pressure in a local area suddenly drops below the vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the liquid in that area for some reason, part of the liquid evaporates, the gas dissolved in the liquid escapes, and forms in the liquid flow The process of cavitation bubbles is called cavitation.
- the cavitation bubble enters the area with higher pressure with the liquid flow the sudden change of the external conditions makes the cavitation bubble collapse, and the liquid movement around the original cavitation bubble causes the pressure in the local area to increase sharply. If the cavitation bubbles that are continuously formed and grown in the liquid flow frequently collapse near the solid wall, the wall will be repeatedly impacted by huge pressure.
- cavitation is one of the most common damage methods in large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects. In a large number of high and medium head water conservancy and hydropower projects at home and abroad, cavitation damage often occurs in some overcurrent parts.
- the inventor intends to install anti-cavitation panels at overcurrent positions prone to cavitation and cavitation problems, but it is also a difficult problem to make the arrayed anti-cavitation panels flat. Uneven anti-cavitation panels will exacerbate cavitation and cavitation problems.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, which can solve the cavitation problem of hydraulic tunnels, effectively prevent cavitation damage of the inner walls of hydraulic tunnels, and greatly prolong the service life of the inner walls of hydraulic tunnels. In the preferred solution, it is also convenient for later maintenance.
- Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method of an anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, which can ensure that the anti-cavitation panel is flat and has high construction efficiency.
- the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: an anti-cavitation corrosion device for hydraulic structures, the anti-cavitation corrosion device comprises a fixed frame embedded in concrete, the fixed frame is connected with the bearing layer, and the anti-cavitation corrosion panel is connected with the bearing layer. Layer fixed connection.
- the anti-cavitation panel is made of anti-cavitation alloy material, including stainless steel material or titanium alloy material.
- the anti-cavitation panel is made of rubber.
- the anti-cavitation panel is connected to the bearing layer through a connecting layer, the connecting layer is an adhesive, and the bearing layer is an elastic polymer material or an aluminum alloy material.
- the bearing layer is connected to the fixed frame through the occlusal groove, and the fixed frame is connected to the lining steel mesh through the connecting ribs.
- the engaging groove is a dovetail groove.
- the anti-cavitation device is arranged in the variable-section section of the hydraulic tunnel, and the anti-cavitation device is arranged in an array along the inner wall of the variable-section section;
- An overlapping slope is provided downstream of the cavitation anti-corrosion panel of the adjacent anti-cavitation device, the top of the overlapping slope extends downstream, and the bottom of the overlapping slope extends upstream.
- the bearing layer of the anti-cavitation device located in the lowermost row is connected with the fixed frame through an array of screws, and the bearing layers at other positions are connected with the fixed frame through an engagement groove.
- a construction method of the above-mentioned anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures comprising the following steps:
- the fixed frame of the anti-cavitation device is fixedly connected to the steel mesh of the second lining through the connecting ribs;
- the formwork of the lining trolley has a multi-section structure from top to bottom, and when installing the anti-cavitation device, it is installed from the bottom to the top;
- the steel wire is embedded in the double-sided tape, and the steel wire is arranged along the axis direction of the variable section section, which is used to cut the double-sided tape when demoulding.
- the invention provides an anti-cavitation corrosion device and a construction method for a hydraulic structure, which can be applied to different types of overflow parts of drainage structures. It reduces the possibility of cavitation and can minimize cavitation damage when cavitation occurs, and protect the inner wall of hydraulic tunnels, especially the variable cross-section sections that are prone to cavitation and cavitation.
- the invention adopts an assembled structure, has low construction difficulty, high reliability, is convenient for batch processing and production, and is also convenient for transportation and later maintenance.
- Figure 1 is a top view of the present invention during construction.
- Figure 2 is a front view of the present invention during construction.
- FIG 3 is a partial elevation view of a hydraulic tunnel during construction of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the anti-cavitation device of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the preferred structure of the fixed frame in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cavitation image of the control side in the experimental example of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an image of the cavitation surface on the control side in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a surface image of the experimental side in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.
- variable section section 1 hydraulic tunnel 2, end template 3, template 4, anti-cavitation device 5, anti-cavitation panel 501, lap slope 502, connecting layer 503, fixed frame 504, connecting ribs 505, bearing layer 506, bite groove 507, connecting screw 508, lining trolley 6.
- an anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures the anti-cavitation device 5 includes a fixed frame 504 embedded in concrete, the fixed frame 504 is connected to the bearing layer 506, and the anti-cavitation panel 501 is connected to the bearing layer. 506 fixed connection.
- the anti-cavitation panel 501 is reliably fixed on the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 2, so as to reduce the cavitation damage at this position.
- the anti-cavitation corrosion panel 501 is made of anti-cavitation alloy material, including stainless steel material or titanium alloy material.
- anti-cavitation alloy material including stainless steel material or titanium alloy material.
- the flow velocity is lower than 14m/s.
- a smooth, flat, defect-free, anti-cavitation corrosion-resistant alloy material is used, and in this example, a titanium alloy material is preferably used.
- the bearing layer 506 is made of a polymer material with certain elasticity. Such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon and other materials.
- the anti-cavitation panel 501 is made of rubber material, and the preferred elastic modulus is 50 MPa.
- the overcurrent flow rate is higher than 14m/s, a smooth, flat and defect-free rubber material is used, and the bearing layer 506 is made of a polymer material with certain elasticity.
- a polymer material with certain elasticity such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon and other materials.
- the anti-cavitation panel 501 is connected to the bearing layer 506 through a connecting layer 503 , the connecting layer 503 is an adhesive, and the bearing layer 506 is an elastic polymer material or an aluminum alloy material.
- the connection layer 503 preferably adopts AB glue or polyethylene glue.
- the bearing layer 506 is connected to the fixed frame 504 through the occlusal groove 507 , and the fixed frame 504 is connected to the lining steel mesh through the connecting ribs 505 .
- the lining steel mesh refers to the steel mesh pre-buried in the secondary lining concrete of the hydraulic tunnel 2.
- the engaging groove 507 is a dovetail groove. This structure is convenient for later maintenance.
- the occlusal groove 507 is an intermittent structure, and the length of the disconnected position of the occlusal groove 507 is greater than the length of the connection position, so that the bearing layer 506 only needs to slide along the vertically arranged occlusal grooves 507 for a smaller length. The entire bearing layer 506 can be taken out, so as to reduce the work intensity of maintenance work.
- the anti-cavitation device 5 is arranged in the variable section section 1 of the hydraulic tunnel 2, and the anti-cavitation device 5 is arranged in an array along the inner wall of the variable section section 1; after research by the inventor, cavitation occurs
- the more severe position is mainly at the position where the large section enters the small section, and a large number of cavitation structures are produced due to the change of the flow rate. Therefore, the anti-cavitation devices 5 are arranged on the inner wall of the variable section section 1 in an array arrangement.
- an overlapping slope 502 is provided downstream of the cavitation anti-corrosion panel 501 of the adjacent anti-cavitation device 5 , the top of the overlapping slope 502 extends downstream, and the bottom of the overlapping slope 502 extends upstream.
- a downstream lap joint is formed between the upstream and downstream adjacent cavitation anti-corrosion panels 501, so that cavitation is more likely to be generated due to the straight seam structure.
- the bearing layer 506 of the anti-cavitation device 5 in the lowermost row is connected with the fixing frame 504 through the array of screws, and the bearing layers 506 at other positions are connected with the fixing frame 504 through the occlusal groove 507 .
- the anti-cavitation devices 5 in the lowermost row can be removed first, and then the bearing layers 506 in the upper rows can be disengaged from the engaging grooves 507 .
- the fixed frame 504 of the anti-cavitation device 5 is fixedly connected to the steel mesh of the second lining through the connecting ribs 505; the connection mode is welding connection or binding connection.
- the connection mode is welding connection or binding connection.
- a plurality of connecting seats are provided on the back of the fixed frame 504, the connecting seats are provided with threads, and one end of the connecting rib 505 is fixedly installed on the connecting seats through the threads.
- the other end of the connecting rib 505 is welded or tied to the reinforcing mesh of the second lining.
- the connecting rib 505 located in the middle of the fixed frame 504 is connected by spot welding, while the connecting rib 505 located at the edge is connected by binding. for ease of operation.
- Each lining trolley 6 can be pulled and moved by equipment such as excavators, hoists, and electric hoists.
- the formwork of the lining trolley 6 is a multi-section structure from top to bottom, and when installing the anti-cavitation device 5, install it from the bottom to the top ;
- the cavitation prevention device 5 can be installed in layers from top to bottom, and the plan of layered pouring construction and layered vibration can be adopted to improve the pouring quality.
- the present invention has different combinations according to the base material and overcurrent characteristics to be protected, as well as the material types of the skeleton layer and the protective layer, and can be combined flexibly according to the scene requirements to achieve better protection effects.
- the present invention is more firmly combined with the concrete base, and the material type of the anti-cavitation panel 501 can be selected according to the requirements of the scene; when the protective layer material is aged or damaged, it does not need to be completely replaced, but only needs to be updated and damaged. Carrier layer 506 and anti-cavitation panel 501.
- the modular array arrangement structure of the present invention has loose requirements on the base material, roughness, etc., and no pretreatment is required for the overcurrent part.
- the present invention has more advantages in the principle of preventing cavitation.
- the reference document proposes that the micro-grooves contain air to form a gas film layer for anti-cavitation.
- the gas nuclei contained in the micro-grooves will aggravate the cavitation, and at the same time, the micro-grooves will increase the surface unevenness, which will also aggravate the cavitation. Therefore, the protective cavitation effect of the surface layer of the structure very limited.
- the protective layer is smooth and flat without defects, reduces the possibility of cavitation in principle, and has a better effect of preventing cavitation.
- the above-mentioned experimental example proves that the present invention can be used to inhibit cavitation or reduce cavitation damage under different flow rates, and can effectively achieve the effect of preventing cavitation, thereby protecting the key overflow parts of the hydraulic tunnel 2 .
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Provided are an anti-cavitation-corrosion device for a hydraulic structure, and a construction method. The anti-cavitation-corrosion device comprises a fixed frame pre-buried in concrete, wherein the fixed frame is connected to a bearing layer, and an anti-cavitation-corrosion panel is fixedly connected to the bearing layer. The anti-cavitation-corrosion panel is made of an anti-cavitation-corrosion alloy material, which comprises a stainless steel material or a titanium alloy material. Alternatively, the anti-cavitation-corrosion panel is made of a rubber material. The construction method comprises: sticking a double-sided adhesive tape to a form of a lining trolley, and sticking an anti-cavitation-corrosion panel of an anti-cavitation-corrosion device to the form by means of the double-sided adhesive tape; connecting the lining trolley of the next truss to the lining trolley of the current truss, and repeating the steps; mounting an end form, pouring concrete, and performing concrete vibration to make same compact; and after concrete curing reaches an age, removing the form. An anti-cavitation-corrosion device at a variable cross-section segment is constructed by means of the steps. A special anti-cavitation-corrosion panel is used at an overflowing part where cavitation corrosion damage tends to occur, thereby reducing the possibility of cavitation and reducing the cavitation corrosion damage to the greatest extent when cavitation corrosion occurs.
Description
本发明涉及水工隧道防空蚀领域，特别是一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置及施工方法。The invention relates to the field of anti-cavitation for hydraulic tunnels, in particular to a device for anti-cavitation of hydraulic structures and a construction method.
在流动的液体中，由于某种原因局部区域的压力突然下降到低于该区域的液体温度所对应的蒸汽压力时，部分液体蒸发，溶解在液体中的气体逸出，并在液体流中形成空化泡的过程，称为空化。空化泡随液流进入压力较高的区域时，外界条件的骤然变化使得空化泡溃灭，原空化泡周围的液体运动使局部区域的压力骤增。如果液流中不断形成、长大的空化泡在固体壁面附近频频溃灭，壁面就会遭受巨大压力的反复冲击，经发明人研究，在空化泡破裂的过程中会产生高速射流进入到材料内部，从而引起材料的疲劳破坏甚至表面剥蚀，称为空蚀。在高流速大流量的泄水建筑物设计和运行管理中，空化与空蚀是研究、设计和运行管理人员重点关注的关键问题之一。空蚀是大型水利水电工程中最常见的破坏方式之一。国内外大量的高、中水头水利水电工程的泄水建筑物中，经常会在一些过流部位出现空蚀破坏的情况。空蚀破坏将直接影响水利水电工程中建筑物正常使用及使用寿命，甚至使整个建筑物发生事故，造成极大的生命财产安全，所以空化与空蚀问题一直是水利工程领域研究的重点和难点。目前尚未见较好的解决方案。一种思路是在混凝土中添加一些特殊材料来提高抗冲磨效果，例如中国专利文献CN100396638C一种混凝土添加剂及其制备方法与应用该添加剂的混凝土中记载的方案，该方案虽然能提高耐空蚀效果，但是仍难以避免空蚀损坏，而且混凝土材质不同也容易发生开裂的问题。In a flowing liquid, when the pressure in a local area suddenly drops below the vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the liquid in that area for some reason, part of the liquid evaporates, the gas dissolved in the liquid escapes, and forms in the liquid flow The process of cavitation bubbles is called cavitation. When the cavitation bubble enters the area with higher pressure with the liquid flow, the sudden change of the external conditions makes the cavitation bubble collapse, and the liquid movement around the original cavitation bubble causes the pressure in the local area to increase sharply. If the cavitation bubbles that are continuously formed and grown in the liquid flow frequently collapse near the solid wall, the wall will be repeatedly impacted by huge pressure. According to the research of the inventor, high-speed jets will be generated during the rupture of the cavitation bubbles and enter the solid wall. Inside the material, causing fatigue damage or even surface erosion of the material, it is called cavitation. In the design and operation management of discharge structures with high flow velocity and large flow, cavitation and cavitation are one of the key issues that researchers, design and operation managers focus on. Cavitation is one of the most common damage methods in large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects. In a large number of high and medium head water conservancy and hydropower projects at home and abroad, cavitation damage often occurs in some overcurrent parts. Cavitation damage will directly affect the normal use and service life of buildings in water conservancy and hydropower projects, and even cause accidents to the entire building, resulting in great safety of life and property. Therefore, the problems of cavitation and cavitation have always been the research focus and difficulty. There is no better solution yet. One way of thinking is to add some special materials to concrete to improve the anti-abrasion effect, such as the scheme described in the Chinese patent document CN100396638C a concrete additive and its preparation method and the concrete using the additive, although the scheme can improve the cavitation resistance effect. However, it is still difficult to avoid cavitation damage, and different concrete materials are also prone to cracking.
发明人拟在易发生空化与空蚀问题的过流位置设置防空蚀面板，但是要使阵列布置的防空蚀面板平整也是施工难度较大的问题。而不平整的防空蚀面板反而会加剧空化与空蚀问题。The inventor intends to install anti-cavitation panels at overcurrent positions prone to cavitation and cavitation problems, but it is also a difficult problem to make the arrayed anti-cavitation panels flat. Uneven anti-cavitation panels will exacerbate cavitation and cavitation problems.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，能够解决水工隧道的空蚀问题，有效防护水工隧道内壁的空蚀破坏，大幅延长水工隧道内壁的使用寿命。优选的方案中，还便于后期维护。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, which can solve the cavitation problem of hydraulic tunnels, effectively prevent cavitation damage of the inner walls of hydraulic tunnels, and greatly prolong the service life of the inner walls of hydraulic tunnels. In the preferred solution, it is also convenient for later maintenance.
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置的施工方法，能够确保防空蚀面板平整，施工效率高。Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method of an anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, which can ensure that the anti-cavitation panel is flat and has high construction efficiency.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，防空蚀装置包括预埋在混凝土中的固定框架，固定框架与承载层连接，防空蚀面板与承载层固定连接。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: an anti-cavitation corrosion device for hydraulic structures, the anti-cavitation corrosion device comprises a fixed frame embedded in concrete, the fixed frame is connected with the bearing layer, and the anti-cavitation corrosion panel is connected with the bearing layer. Layer fixed connection.
优选的方案中，所述的防空蚀面板为抗空蚀合金材料，包括不锈钢材料或钛合金材料。In a preferred solution, the anti-cavitation panel is made of anti-cavitation alloy material, including stainless steel material or titanium alloy material.
优选的方案中，所述的防空蚀面板为橡胶材料。In a preferred solution, the anti-cavitation panel is made of rubber.
优选的方案中，防空蚀面板通过连接层与承载层连接，连接层为粘合剂，承载层为具有弹性的高分子材料或铝合金材料。In a preferred solution, the anti-cavitation panel is connected to the bearing layer through a connecting layer, the connecting layer is an adhesive, and the bearing layer is an elastic polymer material or an aluminum alloy material.
优选的方案中，承载层通过咬合槽与固定框架连接，固定框架通过连接筋与衬砌钢筋网连接。In a preferred solution, the bearing layer is connected to the fixed frame through the occlusal groove, and the fixed frame is connected to the lining steel mesh through the connecting ribs.
优选的方案中，所述的咬合槽为燕尾槽。In a preferred solution, the engaging groove is a dovetail groove.
优选的方案中，所述的防空蚀装置设置在水工隧道的变截面段，防空蚀装置沿着变截面段的内壁阵列布置；In a preferred solution, the anti-cavitation device is arranged in the variable-section section of the hydraulic tunnel, and the anti-cavitation device is arranged in an array along the inner wall of the variable-section section;
在相邻的防空蚀装置的防空蚀面板的下游设有搭接斜面，搭接斜面的顶部向下游延伸，搭接斜面的底部向上游延伸。An overlapping slope is provided downstream of the cavitation anti-corrosion panel of the adjacent anti-cavitation device, the top of the overlapping slope extends downstream, and the bottom of the overlapping slope extends upstream.
优选的方案中，位于最下方一行的防空蚀装置的承载层与固定框架之间通过的陈列的螺钉连接，其他位置的承载层通过咬合槽与固定框架连接。In a preferred solution, the bearing layer of the anti-cavitation device located in the lowermost row is connected with the fixed frame through an array of screws, and the bearing layers at other positions are connected with the fixed frame through an engagement groove.
一种上述的水工建筑物防空蚀装置的施工方法，包括以下步骤：A construction method of the above-mentioned anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, comprising the following steps:
S1、在变截面段选一单榀的衬砌台车，将衬砌台车按预设的轮廓形状将模板立模；S1. Select a single lining trolley in the variable section section, and set the lining trolley to form the template according to the preset contour shape;
S2、在衬砌台车的模板上粘贴双面胶，将防空蚀装置的防空蚀面板通过双面胶与模板粘接连接；S2. Paste double-sided tape on the template lining the trolley, and bond the anti-cavitation panel of the anti-cavitation device to the template through the double-sided tape;
S3、将防空蚀装置的固定框架通过连接筋与二衬的钢筋网固定连接；S3. The fixed frame of the anti-cavitation device is fixedly connected to the steel mesh of the second lining through the connecting ribs;
S4、将下一榀的衬砌台车与当前榀的衬砌台车连接，重复步骤S1～S3，直至完成整个变截面段的防空蚀装置设置；S4. Connect the next lining trolley to the current lining trolley, and repeat steps S1 to S3 until the setting of the anti-cavitation device for the entire variable section section is completed;
S5、安装端头模板，浇筑混凝土，混凝土振捣密实；S5. Install the end formwork, pour the concrete, and the concrete is vibrated and compacted;
S6、混凝土养护达到龄期后，拆模；S6. After the concrete curing reaches the age, remove the formwork;
通过以上步骤实现变截面段的防空蚀装置施工。Through the above steps, the construction of the anti-cavitation device for the variable section section is realized.
优选的方案中，衬砌台车的模板从上到下为多段结构，安装防空蚀装置时，从底部向顶部安装；In a preferred solution, the formwork of the lining trolley has a multi-section structure from top to bottom, and when installing the anti-cavitation device, it is installed from the bottom to the top;
在安装防空蚀装置时，在双面胶内埋设钢丝，钢丝沿着变截面段的轴线方向布置，用于在拆模时割开双面胶。When installing the anti-cavitation device, the steel wire is embedded in the double-sided tape, and the steel wire is arranged along the axis direction of the variable section section, which is used to cut the double-sided tape when demoulding.
本发明提供了一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置及施工方法，能够适用于不同类型的泄水建筑物过流部位，通过在易出现空蚀破坏的过流部位上采用专用的防空蚀面板，减小发生空化的可能性并能够在发生空化时最大程度的减轻空蚀破坏，保护水工隧道的内壁，尤其是易发生空化空蚀的变截面段。本发明采用拼装的结构，施工难度低，可靠性高，便于批量化加工和生产，也便于运输以及后期的维护。The invention provides an anti-cavitation corrosion device and a construction method for a hydraulic structure, which can be applied to different types of overflow parts of drainage structures. It reduces the possibility of cavitation and can minimize cavitation damage when cavitation occurs, and protect the inner wall of hydraulic tunnels, especially the variable cross-section sections that are prone to cavitation and cavitation. The invention adopts an assembled structure, has low construction difficulty, high reliability, is convenient for batch processing and production, and is also convenient for transportation and later maintenance.
下面结合附图和实施例作进一步说明。Further description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1为本发明施工时的俯视图。Figure 1 is a top view of the present invention during construction.
图2为本发明施工时的主视图。Figure 2 is a front view of the present invention during construction.
图3为本发明施工时水工隧道的局部立面图。3 is a partial elevation view of a hydraulic tunnel during construction of the present invention.
图4为本发明的防空蚀装置的局部截面视图。FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the anti-cavitation device of the present invention.
图5为本发明中固定框架的优选结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the preferred structure of the fixed frame in the present invention.
图6为本发明实验例中对照侧的空化图像。FIG. 6 is a cavitation image of the control side in the experimental example of the present invention.
图7为本发明实验例2中对照侧的空蚀表面图像。FIG. 7 is an image of the cavitation surface on the control side in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.
图8为本发明实验例2中实验侧的表面图像。FIG. 8 is a surface image of the experimental side in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.
图中：变截面段1，水工隧道2，端头模板3，模板4，防空蚀装置5，防空蚀面板501，搭接斜面502，连接层503，固定框架504，连接筋505，承载层506，咬合槽507，连接螺钉508，衬砌台车6。In the figure: variable section section 1, hydraulic tunnel 2, end template 3, template 4, anti-cavitation device 5, anti-cavitation panel 501, lap slope 502, connecting layer 503, fixed frame 504, connecting ribs 505, bearing layer 506, bite groove 507, connecting screw 508, lining trolley 6.
实施例1：Example 1:
如图1、3、4中，一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，防空蚀装置5包括预埋在混凝土中的固定框架504，固定框架504与承载层506连接，防空蚀面板501与承载层506固定连接。由此结构，使防空蚀面板501被可靠的固定在水工隧道2的内壁，以减轻该位置的空蚀破坏。As shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4, an anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, the anti-cavitation device 5 includes a fixed frame 504 embedded in concrete, the fixed frame 504 is connected to the bearing layer 506, and the anti-cavitation panel 501 is connected to the bearing layer. 506 fixed connection. With this structure, the anti-cavitation panel 501 is reliably fixed on the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 2, so as to reduce the cavitation damage at this position.
优选的方案如图4中，所述的防空蚀面板501为抗空蚀合金材料，包括不锈钢材料或钛合金材料。当过流流速低于14m/s。例如当过流流速为8m/s时，采用光滑平整无缺陷抗空蚀合金材料，本例中优选采用钛合金材料。承载层506则采用具有一定弹性的高分子材料。例如超高分子量聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、尼龙等材料。In a preferred solution, as shown in FIG. 4 , the anti-cavitation corrosion panel 501 is made of anti-cavitation alloy material, including stainless steel material or titanium alloy material. When the flow velocity is lower than 14m/s. For example, when the overcurrent flow rate is 8m/s, a smooth, flat, defect-free, anti-cavitation corrosion-resistant alloy material is used, and in this example, a titanium alloy material is preferably used. The bearing layer 506 is made of a polymer material with certain elasticity. Such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon and other materials.
优选的方案如图4中，所述的防空蚀面板501为橡胶材料，优选的弹性模量为50MPa。当过流流速高于14m/s时，采用光滑平整无缺陷的橡胶材料，承载层506则采用具有一定弹性的高分子材料。例如超高分子量聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、尼龙等材料。In a preferred solution, as shown in FIG. 4 , the anti-cavitation panel 501 is made of rubber material, and the preferred elastic modulus is 50 MPa. When the overcurrent flow rate is higher than 14m/s, a smooth, flat and defect-free rubber material is used, and the bearing layer 506 is made of a polymer material with certain elasticity. Such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon and other materials.
优选的方案如图4中，防空蚀面板501通过连接层503与承载层506连接，连接层503为粘合剂，承载层506为具有弹性的高分子材料或铝合金材料。连接层503优选采用AB胶或聚乙烯胶水。In a preferred solution, as shown in FIG. 4 , the anti-cavitation panel 501 is connected to the bearing layer 506 through a connecting layer 503 , the connecting layer 503 is an adhesive, and the bearing layer 506 is an elastic polymer material or an aluminum alloy material. The connection layer 503 preferably adopts AB glue or polyethylene glue.
优选的方案如图4中，承载层506通过咬合槽507与固定框架504连接，固定框架504通过连接筋505与衬砌钢筋网连接。衬砌钢筋网是指水工隧道2在二衬混凝土中预埋的钢筋网。In a preferred solution, as shown in FIG. 4 , the bearing layer 506 is connected to the fixed frame 504 through the occlusal groove 507 , and the fixed frame 504 is connected to the lining steel mesh through the connecting ribs 505 . The lining steel mesh refers to the steel mesh pre-buried in the secondary lining concrete of the hydraulic tunnel 2.
优选的方案如图4中，所述的咬合槽507为燕尾槽。由此结构，便于后期维护。优选的方案如图5中，咬合槽507为断续的结构，咬合槽507断开位置的长度大于连接位置的长度，以便于承载层506仅需沿竖直布置的咬合槽507滑动较小的距离，即可取出整个承载层506，以减少维护工作的工作强度。In a preferred solution, as shown in FIG. 4 , the engaging groove 507 is a dovetail groove. This structure is convenient for later maintenance. In a preferred solution, as shown in FIG. 5 , the occlusal groove 507 is an intermittent structure, and the length of the disconnected position of the occlusal groove 507 is greater than the length of the connection position, so that the bearing layer 506 only needs to slide along the vertically arranged occlusal grooves 507 for a smaller length. The entire bearing layer 506 can be taken out, so as to reduce the work intensity of maintenance work.
优选的方案如图1中，所述的防空蚀装置5设置在水工隧道2的变截面段1，防空蚀装置5沿着变截面段1的内壁阵列布置；经发明人研究，空化发生较为剧烈的位置，主要在由大截面段进入小截面段的位置，由于流速变化生产大量的空泡结构。因此将防空蚀装置5以阵列布置的方式设置在变截面段1的内壁。The preferred solution is as shown in Figure 1, the anti-cavitation device 5 is arranged in the variable section section 1 of the hydraulic tunnel 2, and the anti-cavitation device 5 is arranged in an array along the inner wall of the variable section section 1; after research by the inventor, cavitation occurs The more severe position is mainly at the position where the large section enters the small section, and a large number of cavitation structures are produced due to the change of the flow rate. Therefore, the anti-cavitation devices 5 are arranged on the inner wall of the variable section section 1 in an array arrangement.
如图3、4中，在相邻的防空蚀装置5的防空蚀面板501的下游设有搭接斜面502，搭接斜面502的顶部向下游延伸，搭接斜面502的底部向上游延伸。由此结构，在上下游相邻的防空蚀面板501之间形成顺流向的搭接缝，避免因直缝结构更容易产生空泡。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , an overlapping slope 502 is provided downstream of the cavitation anti-corrosion panel 501 of the adjacent anti-cavitation device 5 , the top of the overlapping slope 502 extends downstream, and the bottom of the overlapping slope 502 extends upstream. With this structure, a downstream lap joint is formed between the upstream and downstream adjacent cavitation anti-corrosion panels 501, so that cavitation is more likely to be generated due to the straight seam structure.
优选的方案如图3中，位于最下方一行的防空蚀装置5的承载层506与固定框架504之间通过的陈列的螺钉连接，其他位置的承载层506通过咬合槽507与固定框架504连接。In a preferred solution, as shown in FIG. 3 , the bearing layer 506 of the anti-cavitation device 5 in the lowermost row is connected with the fixing frame 504 through the array of screws, and the bearing layers 506 at other positions are connected with the fixing frame 504 through the occlusal groove 507 .
由此结构，当需要维护时，可以先拆下最下方一行的防空蚀装置5，然后将上方各行的承载层506从咬合槽507脱离即可。With this structure, when maintenance is required, the anti-cavitation devices 5 in the lowermost row can be removed first, and then the bearing layers 506 in the upper rows can be disengaged from the engaging grooves 507 .
实施例2：Example 2:
如图1、2中，一种上述的水工建筑物防空蚀装置的施工方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a construction method of the above-mentioned anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, comprising the following steps:
S1、在变截面段1选一单榀的衬砌台车6，将衬砌台车6按预设水工隧道2内壁的轮廓形状将模板4立模；S1, select a single lining trolley 6 in the variable section section 1, and set the lining trolley 6 to form the template 4 according to the contour shape of the inner wall of the preset hydraulic tunnel 2;
S2、在衬砌台车6的模板上粘贴双面胶，将防空蚀装置5的防空蚀面板501通过双面胶与模板粘接连接；优选的方案中，在安装防空蚀装置5时，在双面胶内埋设钢丝，钢丝沿着变截面段1的轴线方向布置，用于在拆模时利用钢丝割开双面胶，以便于拆模。S2. Paste the double-sided tape on the template of the lining trolley 6, and bond the anti-cavitation panel 501 of the anti-cavitation device 5 to the template through the double-sided tape; The steel wire is embedded in the surface adhesive, and the steel wire is arranged along the axis direction of the variable section section 1, which is used to cut the double-sided adhesive with the steel wire when the mold is removed, so as to facilitate the removal of the mold.
S3、将防空蚀装置5的固定框架504通过连接筋505与二衬的钢筋网固定连接；连接方式为焊接连接或者绑扎连接。具体为，在固定框架504背面设有多个连接座，连接座上设有螺纹，连接筋505的一端通过螺纹固定安装在连接座上。连接筋505的另一端与二衬的钢筋网焊接或者绑扎连接，通常位于固定框架504中间位置的连接筋505点焊连接，而位于边缘位置的连接筋505采用绑扎连接。以便于操作。S3, the fixed frame 504 of the anti-cavitation device 5 is fixedly connected to the steel mesh of the second lining through the connecting ribs 505; the connection mode is welding connection or binding connection. Specifically, a plurality of connecting seats are provided on the back of the fixed frame 504, the connecting seats are provided with threads, and one end of the connecting rib 505 is fixedly installed on the connecting seats through the threads. The other end of the connecting rib 505 is welded or tied to the reinforcing mesh of the second lining. Usually, the connecting rib 505 located in the middle of the fixed frame 504 is connected by spot welding, while the connecting rib 505 located at the edge is connected by binding. for ease of operation.
S4、将下一榀的衬砌台车6与当前榀的衬砌台车6连接，重复步骤S1～S3，直至完成整个变截面段1的防空蚀装置5设置；采用各榀的衬砌台车6分别固定的方案，便于防空蚀装置5与二衬的钢筋网连接。各榀的衬砌台车6可以采用例如挖掘机、卷扬机、电动葫芦等设备进行牵引移动。S4. Connect the next lining trolley 6 with the current lining trolley 6, and repeat steps S1 to S3 until the setting of the anti-cavitation device 5 of the entire variable section section 1 is completed; The fixed solution is convenient for connecting the anti-cavitation device 5 with the steel mesh of the second lining. Each lining trolley 6 can be pulled and moved by equipment such as excavators, hoists, and electric hoists.
S5、安装端头模板3，浇筑混凝土，混凝土振捣密实；优选的，优选的方案中，衬砌台车6的模板从上到下为多段结构，安装防空蚀装置5时，从底部向顶部安装；可以采用从上到下分层安装防空蚀装置5，分层浇筑施工、分层振捣的方案，以提高浇筑质量。S5. Install the end formwork 3, pour concrete, and the concrete is vibrated and compacted; preferably, in the preferred solution, the formwork of the lining trolley 6 is a multi-section structure from top to bottom, and when installing the anti-cavitation device 5, install it from the bottom to the top ; The cavitation prevention device 5 can be installed in layers from top to bottom, and the plan of layered pouring construction and layered vibration can be adopted to improve the pouring quality.
S6、混凝土养护达到龄期后，拆模，拆模时，沿着模板的轮廓拉动钢丝，将不干胶割开，以便于模板4缩回；S6. After the concrete curing reaches the age, the formwork is removed. When the formwork is removed, pull the steel wire along the outline of the formwork to cut the sticker, so that the formwork 4 can be retracted;
通过以上步骤实现变截面段1的防空蚀装置5施工。Through the above steps, the construction of the anti-cavitation device 5 of the variable section section 1 is realized.
本发明根据需要防护的基层材质、过流特性，骨架层、防护层材料类型有不同的组合方式，可根据场景需求灵活搭配组合，达到更优的防护效果。The present invention has different combinations according to the base material and overcurrent characteristics to be protected, as well as the material types of the skeleton layer and the protective layer, and can be combined flexibly according to the scene requirements to achieve better protection effects.
与对比文件CN 107587968 B相比，本发明与混凝土的基底结合更牢固，防空蚀面板501材料类型可根据场景需求进行选择；当防护层材料老化或损坏时不需要全部替换，仅需更新受损承载层506和防空蚀面板501。Compared with the reference document CN 107587968 B, the present invention is more firmly combined with the concrete base, and the material type of the anti-cavitation panel 501 can be selected according to the requirements of the scene; when the protective layer material is aged or damaged, it does not need to be completely replaced, but only needs to be updated and damaged. Carrier layer 506 and anti-cavitation panel 501.
与对比文件CN 202895813 U相比，本发明模块化阵列布置结构对基层材质、粗糙度等要求宽松，过流部位无需预处理。Compared with the reference document CN 202895813 U, the modular array arrangement structure of the present invention has loose requirements on the base material, roughness, etc., and no pretreatment is required for the overcurrent part.
与对比文件CN 107605874 B相比，本发明在防护空蚀的原理更具优势。对比文件提出微凹槽中含有空气而形成气膜用于抗空蚀的气膜层。根据空化的原理可知，微凹槽中含有的气核会使空化加剧，同时微凹槽增大了表面不平整度，亦会使空化加剧，因此该结构表面层的防护空蚀效果非常有限。本发明中防护层光滑平整无缺陷，从原理上降低了发生空化的可能性，具有更佳的防护空蚀效果。Compared with the reference document CN 107605874 B, the present invention has more advantages in the principle of preventing cavitation. The reference document proposes that the micro-grooves contain air to form a gas film layer for anti-cavitation. According to the principle of cavitation, the gas nuclei contained in the micro-grooves will aggravate the cavitation, and at the same time, the micro-grooves will increase the surface unevenness, which will also aggravate the cavitation. Therefore, the protective cavitation effect of the surface layer of the structure very limited. In the present invention, the protective layer is smooth and flat without defects, reduces the possibility of cavitation in principle, and has a better effect of preventing cavitation.
实验例1：Experimental example 1:
在过流流速为8m/s的变截面段1的过流断面一侧，作为实验侧，安装阵列布置的防空蚀装置5，防空蚀面板501采用钛合金材料，承载层506采用具有一定弹性的高分子材料；另一侧为具有一定粗糙度的混凝土原始过流断面，作为对照侧。使用水听器和高速摄像机分别监测两侧的空化初生及发展情况，如图6中所示，当对照侧监测到空化出现时，实验侧 未发生空化。On the side of the flow cross section of the variable cross section section 1 with the flow velocity of 8 m/s, as the experimental side, an array of anti-cavitation devices 5 are installed. Polymer material; the other side is the original flow-through section of concrete with a certain roughness, as the control side. Using hydrophones and high-speed cameras to monitor the initiation and development of cavitation on both sides, respectively, as shown in Figure 6, when cavitation was detected on the control side, no cavitation occurred on the experimental side.
实验例2：Experimental example 2:
在过流流速为14m/s的变截面段1的过流断面一侧，作为实验侧，安装阵列布置的防空蚀装置5，防空蚀面板501采用光滑平整无缺陷的抗空蚀弹性橡胶材料，厚度16mm，弹性模量50MPa，承载层506采用铝合金材料。经过一定时长的水流冲击，对照侧表面观察到凹坑或孔洞，即出现明显空蚀破坏特征，实验侧表面无明显变化，未出现空蚀破坏。参见图7、8。图7中采用铝合金材料，在表面可见大量的空蚀结构。图8采用橡胶材料，表面无空蚀。On the side of the overcurrent section of the variable cross-section section 1 with an overcurrent flow rate of 14m/s, as the experimental side, an array of anti-cavitation devices 5 is installed. The thickness is 16mm, the elastic modulus is 50MPa, and the bearing layer 506 is made of aluminum alloy. After a certain period of water flow impact, pits or holes were observed on the surface of the control side, that is, obvious cavitation damage characteristics appeared, and there was no obvious change on the surface of the experimental side, and no cavitation damage occurred. See Figures 7 and 8. In Figure 7, the aluminum alloy material is used, and a large number of cavitation structures can be seen on the surface. Figure 8 uses a rubber material with no cavitation on the surface.
由此上述的实验例，证明本发明能够用于抑制不同流速下的空化或减轻空蚀破坏，非常有效地实现防护空蚀的作用，从而保护水工隧道2的关键过流部位。Therefore, the above-mentioned experimental example proves that the present invention can be used to inhibit cavitation or reduce cavitation damage under different flow rates, and can effectively achieve the effect of preventing cavitation, thereby protecting the key overflow parts of the hydraulic tunnel 2 .
上述的实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案，而不应视为对于本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案，包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围。即在此范围内的等同替换改进，也在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be based on the technical solutions described in the claims, including the equivalents of the technical features in the technical solutions described in the claims. The alternative is protection scope. That is, equivalent replacements and improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- 一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：防空蚀装置(5)包括预埋在混凝土中的固定框架(504)，固定框架(504)与承载层(506)连接，防空蚀面板(501)与承载层(506)固定连接。An anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures, characterized in that the anti-cavitation device (5) comprises a fixed frame (504) embedded in concrete, the fixed frame (504) is connected to a bearing layer (506), and an anti-cavitation panel (504) is provided. 501) is fixedly connected to the carrier layer (506).
- 根据权利要求1所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：所述的防空蚀面板(501)为抗空蚀合金材料，包括不锈钢材料或钛合金材料。The anti-cavitation corrosion device for hydraulic structures according to claim 1, wherein the anti-cavitation corrosion panel (501) is an anti-cavitation corrosion alloy material, including stainless steel material or titanium alloy material.
- 根据权利要求1所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：所述的防空蚀面板(501)为橡胶材料。The anti-cavitation corrosion device for hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anti-cavitation corrosion panel (501) is made of rubber material.
- 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：防空蚀面板(501)通过连接层(503)与承载层(506)连接，连接层(503)为粘合剂，承载层(506)为具有弹性的高分子材料或铝合金材料。The anti-cavitation corrosion device for hydraulic structures according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anti-cavitation erosion panel (501) is connected to the bearing layer (506) through a connecting layer (503), and the connecting layer (503) As an adhesive, the bearing layer (506) is an elastic polymer material or an aluminum alloy material.
- 根据权利要求4所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：承载层(506)通过咬合槽(507)与固定框架(504)连接，固定框架(504)通过连接筋(505)与衬砌钢筋网连接。The anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: the bearing layer (506) is connected with the fixed frame (504) through the occlusal groove (507), and the fixed frame (504) is connected by the connecting ribs (505) Connected with lining steel mesh.
- 根据权利要求5所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：所述的咬合槽(507)为燕尾槽。The anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures according to claim 5, characterized in that: the engaging groove (507) is a dovetail groove.
- 根据权利要求1～3、5～6任一项所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：所述的防空蚀装置(5)设置在水工隧道(2)的变截面段(1)，防空蚀装置(5)沿着变截面段(1)的内壁阵列布置；The anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 6, characterized in that the anti-cavitation device (5) is arranged in the variable section section of the hydraulic tunnel (2). (1), the anti-cavitation device (5) is arranged in an array along the inner wall of the variable section section (1);在相邻的防空蚀装置(5)的防空蚀面板(501)的下游设有搭接斜面(502)，搭接斜面(502)的顶部向下游延伸，搭接斜面(502)的底部向上游延伸。A lap slope (502) is provided downstream of the cavitation anti-corrosion panel (501) of the adjacent anti-cavitation device (5), the top of the lap slope (502) extends downstream, and the bottom of the lap slope (502) is upstream extend.
- 根据权利要求7所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置，其特征是：位于最下方一行的防空蚀装置(5)的承载层(506)与固定框架(504)之间通过的陈列的螺钉连接，其他位置的承载层(506)通过咬合槽(507)与固定框架(504)连接。The anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures according to claim 7, characterized in that: screws on display passing between the bearing layer (506) and the fixing frame (504) of the anti-cavitation device (5) in the lowermost row connected, and the bearing layers (506) at other positions are connected with the fixing frame (504) through the engaging grooves (507).
- 一种权利要求1～8任一项所述的水工建筑物防空蚀装置的施工方法，其特征是包括以下步骤：A construction method of the anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:S1、在变截面段(1)选一单榀的衬砌台车(6)，将衬砌台车(6)按预设的轮廓形状将模板(4)立模；S1. Select a single lining trolley (6) in the variable section section (1), and set the template (4) to form the lining trolley (6) according to the preset contour shape;S2、在衬砌台车(6)的模板上粘贴双面胶，将防空蚀装置(5)的防空蚀面板(501)通过双面胶与模板粘接连接；S2. Paste the double-sided tape on the template of the lining trolley (6), and bond the anti-cavitation panel (501) of the anti-cavitation device (5) to the template through the double-sided tape;S3、将防空蚀装置(5)的固定框架(504)通过连接筋(505)与二衬的钢筋网固定连接；S3, the fixed frame (504) of the anti-cavitation device (5) is fixedly connected to the steel mesh of the second lining through the connecting rib (505);S4、将下一榀的衬砌台车(6)与当前榀的衬砌台车(6)连接，重复步骤S1～S3，直至完成整个变截面段(1)的防空蚀装置(5)设置；S4, connect the next lining trolley (6) with the current lining trolley (6), and repeat steps S1 to S3 until the setting of the anti-cavitation device (5) of the entire variable section section (1) is completed;S5、安装端头模板(3)，浇筑混凝土，混凝土振捣密实；S5. Install the end formwork (3), pour concrete, and the concrete is vibrated and compacted;S6、混凝土养护达到龄期后，拆模；S6. After the concrete curing reaches the age, remove the formwork;通过以上步骤实现变截面段(1)的防空蚀装置(5)施工。Through the above steps, the construction of the anti-cavitation device (5) of the variable section section (1) is realized.
- 根据权利要求9所述一种水工建筑物防空蚀装置的施工方法，其特征是：衬砌台车(6)的模板从上到下为多段结构，安装防空蚀装置(5)时，从底部向顶部安装；The construction method of the anti-cavitation device for hydraulic structures according to claim 9, characterized in that: the formwork of the lining trolley (6) is a multi-section structure from top to bottom, and when the anti-cavitation device (5) is installed, from the bottom Install to the top;在安装防空蚀装置(5)时，在双面胶内埋设钢丝，钢丝沿着变截面段(1)的轴线方向布置，用于在拆模时割开双面胶。When the anti-cavitation device (5) is installed, the steel wire is embedded in the double-sided tape, and the steel wire is arranged along the axis direction of the variable section section (1) for cutting the double-sided tape during mold removal.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112021002168.0T DE112021002168T5 (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-12-06 | Anti-cavitation erosion device for hydraulic structures and construction processes |
| GB2218147.3A GB2614441A (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-12-06 | Anti-cavitation-corrosion device for hydraulic structure, and construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121324919.8 | 2021-06-15 | ||
| CN202110661445.4 | 2021-06-15 | ||
| CN202121324919.8U CN215442044U (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-06-15 | Cavitation erosion preventing device for hydraulic building |
| CN202110661445.4A CN113323029B (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-06-15 | Cavitation erosion preventing device for hydraulic building and construction method |
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| WO2022135123A1 true WO2022135123A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/CN2021/135615 WO2022135123A1 (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-12-06 | Anti-cavitation-corrosion device for hydraulic structure, and construction method |
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| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE112021002168T5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2614441A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022135123A1 (en) |
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|---|---|
| DE112021002168T5 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
| GB202218147D0 (en) | 2023-01-18 |
| GB2614441A (en) | 2023-07-05 |
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