WO2022134109A1 - 一种光纤放大器、波分复用***及光通信设备 - Google Patents
一种光纤放大器、波分复用***及光通信设备 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 25
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/29—Repeaters
- H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of optical communication, and in particular, to an optical fiber amplifier, a wavelength division multiplexing system, and an optical communication device.
- EDF02 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
- the room mainly includes pump light source 01 and Erbium Doped Fiber (Erbium Doped Fiber, EDF) 02 and so on.
- EDF02 is the core structure of EDFA, and the gain spectral characteristics of EDF02 determine the bandwidth of EDFA.
- the gain spectrum of EDF02 is mainly concentrated in the C-band, so that the EDFA is mainly concentrated in the C-band, with a bandwidth of more than 30 nanometers, which in turn supports the expansion of communication capacity in recent decades.
- the gain spectrum of the EDF needs to be expanded.
- the gain profile of the EDF needs to be extended to the S-band (S band) and to the L-band (L band).
- S band S-band
- L band L-band
- the gain of the EDF will drop sharply, and the amplification performance of the EDFA will drop sharply.
- widening the bandwidth will also lead to gain.
- the flatness becomes worse (for example, if the bandwidth is doubled, the gain flatness is degraded by about ten dB).
- Fig. 3 is another existing EDFA structure diagram, including a first EDF 021 and a second EDF 022, the first pump light source 011 is used to provide pump light to the first EDF 021, and the second pump light source 012 is used for The second EDF 022 is supplied with pump light, and a gain flattening filter (Gain Flattening Filter, GFF) 03 is provided between the first EDF 021 and the second EDF 022.
- GFF Gain Flattening Filter
- a two-stage optical amplifier that is, with a first EDF 021 and a second EDF 022
- GFF03 are used to remove the gain peak to expand the bandwidth.
- a better gain can be obtained. flatness.
- the gain improvement of the EDFA is still limited, so the amplification performance of the EDFA is limited, and it still cannot meet the demand for the explosive growth of communication capacity.
- the depth of GFF03 is too large, which deteriorates the noise performance of the EDFA, and even makes the EDFA unusable.
- Embodiments of the present application provide an optical fiber amplifier, a wavelength division multiplexing system, and an optical communication device.
- the main purpose is to provide an optical fiber amplifier that can increase the gain and reduce the noise figure on the premise of realizing a wide frequency band and a flat gain.
- the present application provides a fiber amplifier
- the fiber amplifier includes: a first pump light source and a first gain fiber
- the first pump light source is used to couple the pump light to the first gain fiber
- the first gain fiber The optical fiber includes a first core and a first cladding clad outside the first core, the first core has a gain medium, and the first core is formed with a plurality of first gain fibers arranged along the length direction of the first gain fiber.
- a grating wherein the first grating is capable of coupling the fundamental mode of the first fiber core to the higher-order mode of the first cladding layer propagating in the same direction as the fundamental mode.
- the first pump light source provides the pump light to the first gain fiber, so that the gain medium in the first core of the first gain fiber is converted from low energy by the pump light under the action of the pump light. level transition to a high energy level to realize the amplification of the optical signal.
- the first grating is formed on the first core, and the first grating can couple the fundamental mode of the first core to the high-order mode propagating in the same direction as the fundamental mode of the first cladding, in this case, through the The first grating can remove the gain peak and realize the filtering effect.
- the first gain fiber is also performing filtering while amplifying the optical signal, suppressing the gain competition and making the emission cross section smaller.
- the signals in the signal bands of 100% can be sufficiently amplified to increase the gain over the entire bandwidth, and at the same time, the gain-flattening filter depth will be reduced and the noise performance will be greatly improved.
- the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating satisfies: Wherein, ⁇ 1 res is the center wavelength of the gain spectrum of the first gain fiber; is the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode of the first core; is the effective refractive index of the m-th mode of the first cladding layer, m is a positive integer greater than 1; the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating is the spacing between every two adjacent first gratings.
- the fiber amplifier further includes: a second pump light source and a second gain fiber, the second pump light source is used to couple the pump light to the second gain fiber, and the first gain fiber The light output end is connected with the light input end of the second gain fiber, the second gain fiber includes a second core and a second cladding clad outside the second core, and the second core has a gain medium.
- the first pump light source and the first gain fiber form a first-stage amplifying structure
- the second pump light source and the second gain fiber form a second-stage amplifying structure.
- the fiber amplifier includes three or more pump light sources and gain fibers.
- the second fiber core is formed with a plurality of second gratings arranged along the length direction of the second gain fiber; the second gratings can couple the fundamental mode of the second fiber core to the second cladding
- the higher-order mode of the second fiber core is transmitted in the same direction as the fundamental mode of the second fiber core; the period ⁇ 2 of the second grating satisfies: Wherein, ⁇ 2 res is the center wavelength of the target filter gain spectrum of the second gain fiber; is the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode of the second core; is the effective refractive index of the m-th mode of the second cladding layer, m is a positive integer greater than 1; the period ⁇ 2 of the second grating is the spacing between every two adjacent second gratings.
- the distributed gain flatness is realized, the gain competition in the large emission cross-section band is suppressed, and the gain is fully amplified.
- the gain over the entire bandwidth can be increased, and the gain-flattening filter depth can be reduced, greatly improving the noise performance.
- the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating is equal to the period ⁇ 2 of the second grating.
- the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating is greater than or smaller than the period ⁇ 2 of the second grating.
- the gain medium is rare earth ions. so that the gain fiber forms a rare earth doped fiber.
- the rare earth ions are selected from at least one of Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , Ho 3+ or Yb 3+ .
- the fiber amplifier further includes a wavelength coupling device, and the wavelength coupling device is used for coupling the pump light and the signal light.
- the wavelength coupling device is used for coupling the pump light and the signal light.
- the optical fiber amplifier further includes an isolator.
- the present application provides a wavelength division multiplexing system
- the wavelength division multiplexing system includes: a wavelength division multiplexer, a transmission optical fiber, a demultiplexer, and any implementation manner of the first aspect above.
- the light input end of the fiber amplifier is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer through the transmission fiber; the light output end of the fiber amplifier is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer through the transmission fiber.
- the optical fiber amplifier in any of the implementation manners of the above-mentioned first aspect is included. While amplifying the optical signal, the first gain fiber of the fiber amplifier is also filtering, which suppresses the gain competition, so that the signal in the signal band (for example, the S-band and the L-band) with small emission cross-section can be fully amplified, so that the Increasing the gain across the entire bandwidth also reduces the gain-flattening filter depth, greatly improving noise performance. In order to increase the bandwidth and gain of the wavelength division multiplexing system, the gain is flattened, and the noise figure is also smaller.
- the present application further provides an optical communication device, including the optical fiber amplifier of any implementation manner of the foregoing first aspect or the wavelength division multiplexing system of the foregoing second aspect.
- the optical communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes the optical fiber amplifier of the above-mentioned embodiment. Therefore, the optical communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application and the optical fiber amplifier of the above-mentioned technical solution can solve the same technical problem and achieve the same expected effect.
- Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of erbium-doped fiber amplifier in the prior art
- Fig. 2 is the gain spectrum diagram of erbium-doped fiber
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another erbium-doped fiber amplifier in the prior art
- Fig. 4 is the gain spectrum diagram and the noise figure spectrum diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing system according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an erbium-doped fiber in a fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- Fig. 10 is the insertion loss spectrum diagram of the existing filter
- FIG. 11 is an insertion loss spectrum diagram of a grating according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 12 is a gain spectrum diagram of a gain fiber according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an erbium-doped fiber in a fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application;
- 16 is a gain spectrum diagram and a noise figure spectrum diagram of the fiber amplifier according to the embodiment of the application.
- 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 20 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a chip integrated with a silicon waveguide according to an embodiment of the present application.
- 01-pump light source 02-EDF; 021-first EDF; 022-second EDF; 03-GFF;
- Gain which represents the power amplification factor of the amplifier, expressed by the common logarithm of the ratio of output power to input power, and the unit is decibel (dB). The higher the gain, the better the performance of this amplifier.
- Insertion Loss which represents the ratio of the outgoing light intensity to the incident light intensity after a light energy is transmitted through the insertion device.
- Noise Figure (NF) which represents the ratio of the signal-to-noise ratio at the input end of the amplifier to the signal-to-noise ratio at the output end. The smaller the noise figure, the better the noise performance of the amplifier.
- the optical signal In the optical communication line in the optical communication equipment, the optical signal will be lost with the long-distance transmission of the signal. Therefore, generally in the optical communication equipment, a fiber amplifier needs to be installed to amplify the attenuated optical signal.
- FIG. 5 shows a structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplex (WDM) system applied in an optical communication setting.
- the WDM includes multiple light sources, wavelength division multiplexers, transmission fibers, fiber amplifiers, A wavelength division multiplexer and multiple detectors, wherein, at the transmitting end of the WDM system, a wavelength division multiplexer is used to combine the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by multiple light sources, and the combined optical signals are transmitted through the transmission fiber.
- the fiber amplifier amplifies the attenuated optical signal, and the amplified optical signal is sent to the transmission fiber for transmission. The signals are sent to different detectors.
- the optical fiber amplifier in the above-mentioned optical communication equipment usually adopts the rare earth optical fiber amplifier, because the rare earth optical fiber amplifier can directly amplify the optical signal, and can make the optical-electrical-optical relay into an all-optical relay.
- fiber amplifiers may also be set in other optical communication equipment, such as the ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier in the high-power fiber laser, the power of the master oscillator in the lidar Amplifier (Master Oscillator Power-Amplifier, MOPA) and so on.
- MOPA Master Oscillator Power-Amplifier
- the embodiments of the present application provide an optical fiber amplifier, which can improve the gain, reduce the noise factor, and make the gain flat on the premise of realizing high bandwidth, so as to meet the requirements of communication use.
- a fiber amplifier is given below, and the specific structure is shown in the following description.
- FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a fiber amplifier. Between the input end (input) and the output end (output) of the fiber amplifier, it includes: a first pump light source 101 and a first gain fiber 201, a first The pump light source 101 is used to couple the pump light to the first gain fiber 201 . In this way, the pump light provided by the first pump light source 101 excites the medium (eg, rare earth ions) used for gain in the first gain fiber 201 to transition from a low energy level to a high energy level, so as to amplify the optical signal.
- the medium eg, rare earth ions
- the pumping light of the first pumping light source 101 may be as shown in FIG. 6 , the transmission direction of the pumping light in the first gain fiber 201 (as shown by the dashed line with an arrow in the figure) and the gain fiber 201 The transmission directions of the signal light (shown by the solid lines with arrows in the figure) are the same.
- a first pump light source 101 may be referred to as a forward pump light source.
- the pumping light of the first pumping light source 101 may be as shown in FIG.
- the transmission direction of the signal light (shown by the solid line with arrows in the figure) is opposite.
- Such a first pump light source 101 may be referred to as a back pump light source.
- the pump light of the first pump light source 101 can be as shown in FIG. 8 , the first pump light source 101 has two, one of which is the transmission direction of the pump light of the first pump light source in the first gain fiber 201 It is opposite to the transmission direction of the signal light in the gain fiber 201 , and the transmission direction of the other first pump light source in the first gain fiber 201 is consistent with the transmission direction of the signal light in the gain fiber 201 .
- Such a first pump light source 101 may be referred to as a bidirectional pump light source.
- FIG. 9 shows a structural diagram of the first gain fiber 201 in FIG. 6 .
- the first gain fiber 201 includes a first core 211 and a first cladding 221 clad outside the first core 211.
- the first fiber The core 211 has a gain medium therein.
- a plurality of first gratings 23 are also included. The plurality of first gratings 23 are formed on the first fiber core 211 and arranged along the length direction of the first gain fiber.
- the above-mentioned first grating 23 is a long period grating, that is to say, with reference to FIG. 9 , along the transmission direction P of the first gain fiber, the first grating 23 can couple the fundamental mode LP01 in the first fiber core 211 to the first gain fiber.
- the higher-order mode LP0m in a cladding layer 221 in the same direction as the fundamental mode LP01, m is a positive integer greater than 1.
- the gain fiber 201 implements filtering to attenuate the gain competition effect of high gain wavelengths.
- the signal bands with smaller emission cross-section (for example, the S band and the L band) can also occupy sufficient pump light or reverse
- the number of transferred particles was fully amplified. As a result, the gain over the entire bandwidth can be increased, and the gain-flattening filter depth can be reduced, greatly improving the noise performance.
- FIG. 10 shows the insertion loss spectrum of the filter customized based on the gain spectrum of the first gain fiber.
- FIG. 11 shows the insertion loss spectrum of each first grating customized based on the gain spectrum of the first gain fiber.
- the insertion loss depth of this filter is relatively large, reaching close to 40dB.
- This filter can be called a discrete gain flattening filter.
- the insertion loss depth of each first grating is only less than 0.8dB.
- the gain fiber can achieve The gain is flat, so a gain fiber with a plurality of first gratings can be called a distributed gain flattening filter.
- the formed fiber amplifier can be called a first-stage amplifier.
- the gain spectrum of the first grating can be customized according to the gain spectrum of the first gain fiber 201 and the quantity of the first grating, so that the first gain spectrum capable of realizing the customized gain spectrum can be written on the first gain fiber 201 .
- a grating, and the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating 23 satisfies:
- ⁇ 1 res is the center wavelength of the gain spectrum of the first gain fiber 201; is the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode of the first core 211; is the effective refractive index of the m-th mode of the first cladding layer 221 , and m is a positive integer greater than 1.
- the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating is the length from one refractive index change point to an adjacent refractive index change point. That is, as shown in FIG. 9 , the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating is the distance D between every two adjacent first gratings 23 .
- the center wavelength of the gain spectrum of the first gain fiber 201 refers to: as shown in FIG. 12 , the light energy of ⁇ res is the largest at the wavelength between 1520 nm and 1540 nm, then ⁇ res is the center wavelength.
- the structure shown in FIG. 6 can be adopted.
- a second-stage amplification, or a third-stage amplification, or more stages of amplification may be used.
- Figure 13 shows a two-stage amplifying fiber amplifier, which includes a first pump light source 101 and a first gain fiber 201 between an input end and an output end of the fiber amplifier: a second
- the pump light source 102 and the second gain fiber 202 are coupled and connected with the light input end of the second gain fiber 202 and the light output end of the first gain fiber 201 .
- the first pump light source 101 is used to couple the pump light to the first gain fiber 201 to excite the gain medium in the first gain fiber 201 to transition from a low energy level to a high energy level to achieve first-level amplification of the optical signal.
- the second pump light source 102 is used to couple the pump light to the second gain fiber 202 to excite the gain medium in the second gain fiber 202 to transition from a low energy level to a high energy level, thereby realizing the second-level amplification of the optical signal.
- the desired gain requirement is then achieved through bipolar amplification.
- the second gain fiber 202 also includes a second core 212 and a second cladding 222 clad outside the second core 212 .
- the core material and cladding material of the first gain fiber 201 and the second gain fiber 202 may be the same, but during the specific wiring, one end of the first gain fiber 201 is connected to the second gain fiber 202 One end is welded so that the two are coupled.
- the first is to set the grating only on the first gain fiber, and not to set the grating on the second gain fiber; the second is to set the grating only on the second gain fiber, not on the second gain fiber A grating is set on a gain fiber; the third is to set a grating on the first gain fiber, and a grating is also set on the second gain fiber.
- Whether to write gratings on both gain fibers depends on the gain spectrum and noise figure spectrum of the final fiber amplifier.
- the noise figure achieved by the first embodiment is smaller than the noise figure achieved by the third embodiment, then the grating is only written on the first gain fiber or the second gain fiber. If the first and second embodiments achieve If the noise figure is higher than that achieved by the third embodiment, gratings are written on both the first gain fiber and the second gain fiber.
- the grating on the second gain fiber 201 can be called the first gain fiber.
- Two gratings 24 are written on both the first gain fiber 201 and the second gain fiber 202, in order to describe the characteristics of the gratings on the two gain fibers clearly, the grating on the second gain fiber 201 can be called the first gain fiber.
- Two gratings 24 are written on both the first gain fiber 201 and the second gain fiber 202, in order to describe the characteristics of the gratings on the two gain fibers clearly, the grating on the second gain fiber 201 can be called the first gain fiber.
- Two gratings 24 are written on both the first gain fiber 201 and the second gain fiber 202, in order to describe the characteristics of the gratings on the two gain fibers clearly, the grating on the second gain fiber 201 can be called the first gain fiber.
- Two gratings 24 are written on both the first gain fiber 201 and the second gain fiber 202, in order to describe the characteristics of the gratings on the
- first gain fiber 201 In the first gain fiber 201, a plurality of first gratings 23 are arranged along the transmission direction of the first gain fiber 201 to couple the fundamental mode in the first core to the fundamental mode of the first cladding and the first core High-order modes in the same direction to achieve first-order filtering.
- a plurality of second gratings 24 are arranged along the transmission direction of the second gain fiber 202 to couple the fundamental mode in the second core to the fundamental mode of the second cladding and the second core
- the high-order mode in the same direction is used to realize the second-stage filtering effect.
- the gain competition of the large emission cross-section band is suppressed, so that the signal bands with small emission cross-section (for example, the S band and the L band) are fully amplified.
- the gain over the entire bandwidth can be increased, and the gain-flattening filter depth can be reduced, greatly improving the noise performance.
- the first gain fiber 201 and The second gain fiber 202 is regarded as a total fiber, in this case, each grating gain spectrum can be customized according to the gain spectrum of the total fiber, and the first grating 23 written on the first gain fiber 201 and the first grating written on the first The periods of the second gratings 24 on the two gain fibers 202 are equal. After applying the first gain fiber with the first grating written on it and the second gain fiber written with the second grating on the fiber amplifier, if the final gain spectrum has a large fluctuation, the first grating and the second grating can be adjusted. cycle.
- the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating 23 may be larger than the period ⁇ 2 of the second grating 24 , or the period ⁇ 1 of the first grating 23 may be smaller than the period ⁇ 2 of the second grating 24 .
- the definition of the period of the second grating is the same as the definition of the period of the first grating.
- FIG. 16 shows the gain spectrum and noise figure spectrum of the C-band and L-band when gratings are written on both the first gain fiber and the second gain fiber of the fiber amplifier structure shown in FIG. 14 .
- the C-band and L-band gain profiles and noise figure profiles of the two-stage fiber amplifier using GFF are compared, and the results are as follows:
- the existing fiber amplifier can only achieve a gain of less than 12dB, but, as shown in FIG. 16, the embodiment of the present application Fiber amplifiers can achieve gains close to 12dB. Therefore, the fiber amplifier of the present application can significantly increase the gain.
- the noise figure of the existing fiber amplifier is degraded to close to 12dB, which is quite different from the actual demand.
- the noise figure of the optical fiber amplifier of the embodiment of the present application is less than 5 dB. Therefore, the optical fiber amplifier of the present application can significantly improve the noise performance.
- Figure 17 shows a three-stage amplifying fiber amplifier, which includes: a first pump light source 101 and a first gain fiber 201 between the input end (input) and the output end (output) of the fiber amplifier, and the second pump The pump light source 102 and the second gain fiber 202, the third pump light source 103 and the third gain fiber 203, the light input end of the second gain fiber 202 is coupled to the light output end of the first gain fiber 201, and the second gain fiber 202 The light output end is coupled and connected to the light input end of the third gain fiber 203 .
- gratings are written on the first gain fiber 201 , the second gain fiber 202 and the third gain fiber 203 .
- Fig. 18 shows another three-stage amplification fiber amplifier. The difference from Fig. 17 is that gratings are written on the first gain fiber 201 and the third gain fiber 203, but the second gain fiber 202 is not written with gratings.
- the gain fiber described above may be a rare earth fiber.
- the rare earth ions doped in the core can be at least one of Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , Ho 3+ or Yb 3+ , that is to say, it can be doped with a rare earth ion, or it can be At least two rare earth ions are incorporated.
- the fiber amplifier further includes an isolator 3, and the isolator 3 is arranged at the light input end and the light output end of the gain fiber (201, 202), so as to filter out the spontaneously amplified reverse amplification in the fiber Radiation (Amplified Spontaneous Emission, ASE), avoid ASE to interfere with the optical signal, reduce the amplification performance of the fiber amplifier.
- the isolator 3 is arranged at the light input end and the light output end of the gain fiber (201, 202), so as to filter out the spontaneously amplified reverse amplification in the fiber Radiation (Amplified Spontaneous Emission, ASE), avoid ASE to interfere with the optical signal, reduce the amplification performance of the fiber amplifier.
- the fiber amplifier further includes a wavelength coupling device 4 for coupling the pump light and the slave signal light.
- the wavelength coupling device 4 has three ports, the first port is connected with the optical fiber for transmitting signal light, the second port is connected with the pump light source, and the third port is connected with the gain fiber.
- the long-period grating mentioned above can also be applied to silicon waveguides.
- an electro-optical modulator (not shown in the figure) is generally integrated on the chip 6 .
- the silicon waveguide 5 connected to the electro-optic modulator, in the silicon waveguide 5, includes a core and a cladding clad outside the core, and the above-mentioned long period grating can be written on the core to improve gain and reduce noise coefficient.
- the appearance of the silicon waveguide 5 may be a rectangular waveguide as shown in FIG. 20 or a ridge waveguide.
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Abstract
本申请实施例提供一种光纤放大器、波分复用***及光通信设备,涉及光通信技术领域。该光纤放大器包括:第一泵浦光源和第一增益光纤,第一泵浦光源用于将泵浦光耦合至第一增益光纤,第一增益光纤包括第一纤芯和包覆在第一纤芯外部的第一包层,第一纤芯中具有增益介质,第一纤芯形成有多个沿第一增益光纤的长度方向布设的第一光栅;其中,第一光栅能够将第一纤芯的基模耦合至第一包层的与基模同向传输的高阶模。
Description
本申请涉及光通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种光纤放大器、波分复用***及光通信设备。
在光通信领域,稀土光纤放大器被广泛应用,特别是掺铒光纤放大器(Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier,EDFA),在EDFA中,结合图1,在EDFA的输入端(input)和输出端(output)之间主要包括泵浦光源01和掺铒光纤(Erbium Doped Fiber,EDF)02等。其中,EDF02是EDFA的核心结构,EDF02的增益谱型特性决定了EDFA的带宽。如图2所示,EDF02的增益谱型主要集中在C波段(C band),以使EDFA主要集中在C band,具有三十多纳米的带宽,进而支撑了近几十年来通信容量的膨胀。
随着通信容量的爆发式增长,需要扩宽带宽,现有的集中在C band的EDF已经无法满足需求,这样的话,就需要扩展EDF的增益谱型。例如,如图2所示,需要将EDF的增益谱型向S波段(S band)扩展,以及向L波段(L band)扩展。由图2可以看出,不论是向S band扩展,还是向L band扩展,都会使EDF的增益(Gain)急剧下降,进而使EDFA的放大性能急剧下降,还有,扩宽带宽还会导致增益平坦度变差(比如,带宽扩大一倍,增益平坦度大约劣化十几dB)。
图3是现有的另一种EDFA结构图,包括第一EDF 021和第二EDF 022,第一泵浦光源011用于给第一EDF 021提供泵浦光,第二泵浦光源012用于给第二EDF 022提供泵浦光,并且在第一EDF 021和第二EDF 022之间设置增益平坦滤波器(Gain Flattening Filter,GFF)03。
图3所示的EDFA中,采用了两级光放大(即具有第一EDF 021和第二EDF 022),和GFF03,削除增益波峰以拓展带宽,如图4所示,可以获得较好的增益平坦度。
但是,如图4所示,该EDFA的增益提升依然是有限的,所以,该EDFA的放大性能是有限的,依然无法满足通信容量爆发式增长的需求。除此之外,如图4所示,GFF03深度太大,恶化了EDFA的噪声性能,甚至造成EDFA不可用。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供一种光纤放大器、波分复用***及光通信设备。主要目的是提供一种在实现宽频带、增益平坦的前提下,还可提高增益,降低噪声系数的光纤放大器。
为达到上述目的,本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案:
第一方面,本申请提供了一种光纤放大器,该光纤放大器包括:第一泵浦光源和第一增益光纤,第一泵浦光源用于将泵浦光耦合至第一增益光纤,第一增益光纤包括第一纤芯和包覆在第一纤芯外部的第一包层,第一纤芯中具有增益介质,第一纤芯形成有多个沿第一增益光纤的长度方向布设的第一光栅;其中,第一光栅能够将第一纤芯的基模耦合至第一包层的与基模同向传输的高阶模。
本申请实施例提供的光纤放大器中,第一泵浦光源向第一增益光纤提供泵浦光,以使第一增益光纤的第一纤芯中的增益介质在泵浦光的作用下,由低能级跃迁至高能级,实现光信号的放大。还有,由于在第一纤芯上形成有第一光栅,且第一光栅能够将第一纤芯的基模耦合至第一包层的与基模同向传输的高阶模,这样的话,通过该第一光栅就可以削除增益波峰,实现滤波作用,尤其是,本申请的光纤放大器中,第一增益光纤在对光信号放大的同时,也在进行滤波,抑制了增益竞争,使得发射截面较小的信号波段(例如,S波段和L波段)的信号可以充分放大,从而提高整个带宽的增益,同时,也会降低增益平坦滤波深度,大幅度改善噪声性能。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,第一光栅的周期Λ1满足:
其中,λ1
res为第一增益光纤的增益谱型的中心波长;
为第一纤芯的基模的有效折射率;
为第一包层的第m阶模的有效折射率,m是大于1的正整数;第一光栅的周期Λ1为每相邻两个第一光栅之间的间距。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,光纤放大器还包括:第二泵浦光源和第二增益光纤,第二泵浦光源用于将泵浦光耦合至第二增益光纤,且第一增益光纤的出光端与第二增益光纤进光端相连接,第二增益光纤包括第二纤芯和包覆在第二纤芯外部的第二包层,第二纤芯中具有增益介质。这样的话,第一泵浦光源和第一增益光纤形成第一级放大结构,第二泵浦光源和第二增益光纤形成第二级放大结构,通过两级放大,满足该光纤放大器的高增益需求。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,光纤放大器包括三个或者三个以上的泵浦光源和增益光纤。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,第二纤芯形成有多个沿第二增益光纤的长度方向布设的第二光栅;第二光栅能够将第二纤芯的基模耦合至第二包层的与第二纤芯的基模同向传输的高阶模;第二光栅的周期Λ2满足:
其中,λ2
res为第二增益光纤的目标滤波增益谱型的中心波长;
为第二纤芯的基模的有效折射率;
为第二包层的第m阶模的有效折射率,m是大于1的正整数;第二光栅的周期Λ2为每相邻两个第二光栅之间的间距。
通过在一级放大的第一增益光纤和二级放大的第二增益光纤中均设置光栅,实现分布式增益平坦抑制了大发射截面波段的增益竞争,得到充分放大。从而可以提高整个带宽内的增益,并且降低增益平坦滤波深度,大幅度改善噪声性能。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,第一光栅的周期Λ1等于第二光栅的周期Λ2。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,第一光栅的周期Λ1大于或小于第二光栅的周期Λ2。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,增益介质为稀土离子。以使增益光纤形成掺稀土光纤。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,稀土离子选自Er
3+、Tm
3+、Ho
3+或Yb
3+中的至少一种。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,光纤放大器还包括波长耦合器件,波长耦合器件用于耦合泵浦光和信号光。通过设置波长耦合器件,可以提高泵浦光信号光的耦合量。
在第一方面可能的实现方式中,光纤放大器还包括隔离器。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种波分复用***,该波分复用***包括:波分复用器、传输光纤、解波分复用器,以及上述第一方面任一实现方式中的光纤放大器;光纤放大器的进光端通过传输光纤与波分复用器连接;光纤放大器的出光端通过传输光纤与解波分复用器连接。
本申请实施例提供的波分复用***中,由于包括了上述第一方面任一实现方式中的光纤放大器。该光纤放大器的第一增益光纤在对光信号放大的同时,也在进行滤波,抑制了增益竞争,使得发射截面较小的信号波段(例如,S波段和L波段)的信号可以充分放大,从而提高整个带宽的增益,同时,也会降低增益平坦滤波深度,大幅度改善噪声性能。以使该波分复用***提高带宽,提高增益,且增益平坦化,噪声系数也较小。
第三方面,本申请还提供了一种光通信设备,包括上述第一方面任一实现方式的光纤放大器或者上述第二方面的波分复用***。
本申请实施例提供的光通信设备包括上述实施例的光纤放大器,因此本申请实施例提供的光通信设备与上述技术方案的光纤放大器能够解决相同的技术问题,并达到相同的预期效果。
图1为现有技术中的一种掺铒光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图2为掺铒光纤的增益谱型图;
图3为现有技术中的另一种掺铒光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图4为图3所示结构的增益谱型图和噪声系数谱型图;
图5为本申请实施例的一种波分复用***的结构示意图;
图6为本申请实施例的一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图7为本申请实施例的一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图8为本申请实施例的一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图9为本申请实施例的一种光纤放大器中掺铒光纤的结构示意图;
图10为现有滤波器的插损谱型图;
图11为本申请实施例的一个光栅的插损谱型图;
图12为本申请实施例的一种增益光纤的增益谱型图;
图13为本申请实施例的另一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图14为本申请实施例的另一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图15为本申请实施例的一种光纤放大器中掺铒光纤的结构示意图;
图16为本申请实施例的光纤放大器的增益谱型图和噪声系数谱型图;
图17为本申请实施例的另一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图18为本申请实施例的另一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图19为本申请实施例的另一种光纤放大器的结构示意图;
图20为本申请实施例的集成有硅波导的芯片的部分结构示意图。
附图标记:
01-泵浦光源;02-EDF;021-第一EDF;022-第二EDF;03-GFF;
101-第一泵浦光源;102-第二泵浦光源;103-第三泵浦光源;201-第一增益光纤;202-第二增益光纤;203-第三增益光纤;211-第一纤芯;212-第二纤芯;221-第一包层;222-第二包层;23-第一光栅;24-第二光栅;3-隔离器;4-波长耦合器件;5-硅波导;6-芯片。
下面对本申请涉及的技术术语进行解释。
增益(Gain),表示放大器功率放大倍数,以输出功率同输入功率比值的常用对数表示,单位为分贝(dB)。增益越高,该放大器的性能越优。
插损(Insertion Loss,IL),表示一种光能量在透射***器件后的出射光强与入射光强的比值。插损越低,光信号损耗或衰减越小。
噪声系数(Noise Figure,NF),表示放大器的输入端信噪比与输出端信噪比的比值,噪声系数越小,则该放大器的噪声性能越好。
下面对本申请涉及的技术方案进行介绍。
光通信设备中的光通信线路中,随着信号的远程传输,光信号会发生损耗,所以,一般在光通信设备中,需要设置光纤放大器,以对衰减的光信号进行放大。
图5所示的是一种应用在光通信设置中的波分复用(Wavelength Division Multiplex,WDM)***的结构图,该WDM包括多个光源、波分复用器、传输光纤、光纤放大器、解波分复用器和多个探测器,其中,在WDM***的发送端,采用波分复用器将多个光源发出的不同波长的光信号进行复合,复合后的光信号通过传输光纤传输至光纤放大器,光纤放大器对衰减的光信号进行放大,放大后的光信号再送入传输光纤中传输,在WDM***的接收端,采用解波分复用器分离出不同波长的光信号并将光信号送入不同的探测器中。
在上述的光通信设备中的光纤放大器,通常采用稀土光纤放大器,因为稀土光纤放大器可以直接放大光信号,可以使光-电-光中继变为全光中继。
还有,除上述的WDM以外的光通信设备中,其他一些光通信设备中也可能会设置光纤放大器,比如,高功率光纤激光器中的掺镱光纤放大器、激光雷达中的主控振荡器的功率放大器(Master Oscillator Power-Amplifier,MOPA)等等。
随着通信容量爆发式的增长,需要一种可实现波长在1520nm-1560nm的C band、波长在1480nm-1520nm的S band和波长在1560nm-1620nm的L band放大,以提高带宽。但是,为了实现高带宽,就需要牺牲增益以及噪声系数。
本申请实施例提供了一种光纤放大器,在实现高带宽的前提下,还且可提高增益,降低噪声系数、增益平坦,以满足通信使用需求。
下述给出了一种光纤放大器,具体结构见下述描述。
如图6所示的是一种光纤放大器的结构图,在该光纤放大器的输入端(input)和输出端(output)之间包括:第一泵浦光源101和第一增益光纤201,第一泵浦光源101用于将泵浦光耦合至第一增益光纤201。这样的话,第一泵浦光源101提供的泵浦光激发第一增益光纤201中的用于增益的介质(比如,稀土离子)由低能级向高能级跃迁, 实现对光信号的放大。
这里的第一泵浦光源101的泵浦光可以是如图6所示的,泵浦光在第一增益光纤201中的传输方向(如图中的带箭头的虚线所示)和增益光纤201中的信号光的传输方向(如图中的带箭头的实线所示)一致。这样的第一泵浦光源101可以称为前向泵浦光源。
第一泵浦光源101的泵浦光可以是如图7所示的,泵浦光在第一增益光纤201中的传输方向(如图中的带箭头的虚线所示)和增益光纤201中的信号光的传输方向(如图中的带箭头的实线所示)相反。这样的第一泵浦光源101可以称为背向泵浦光源。
第一泵浦光源101的泵浦光可以是如图8所示的,第一泵浦光源101具有两个,其中一个第一泵浦光源的泵浦光在第一增益光纤201中的传输方向和增益光纤201中的信号光的传输方向相反,以及另一个第一泵浦光源在第一增益光纤201中的传输方向和增益光纤201中的信号光的传输方向一致。这样的第一泵浦光源101可以称为双向泵浦光源。
图9所示的是图6中第一增益光纤201的结构图,该第一增益光纤201包括第一纤芯211和包覆在第一纤芯211外部的第一包层221,第一纤芯211中具有增益介质。除此之外,还包括多个第一光栅23,多个第一光栅23形成在第一纤芯211上,且沿第一增益光纤的长度方向布设。
上述的第一光栅23是一种长周期光栅,也就是说,结合图9,沿第一增益光纤的传输方向P,第一光栅23能够将第一纤芯211内的基模LP01耦合至第一包层221内的与基模LP01同向的高阶模LP0m,m为大于1的正整数。
这样的话,当第一纤芯211的基模信号耦合至第一包层221内的高阶模后,在第一包层中继续沿P方向传输的过程中,会被损耗掉,以使该第一增益光纤201实现滤波作用,以削弱高增益波长的增益竞争效应。
由于该第一增益光纤201在实现放大的同时,抑制了大发射截面波段的增益竞争,使得发射截面较小的信号波段(例如,S band和L波段)也可以占据充足的泵浦光或者反转粒子数,得到充分放大。从而可以提高整个带宽内的增益,并且降低增益平坦滤波深度,大幅度改善噪声性能。
当光纤放大器中采用增益平坦滤波器(Gain Flattening Filter,GFF)时,图10是基于第一增益光纤的增益谱型定制的滤波器的插损谱型,当本申请实施例提供的光纤放大器中采用图7所述的增益光纤时,图11是基于第一增益光纤的增益谱型定制的每一个第一光栅的插损谱型。
由图10可以看出,该滤波器的插损深度较大,达到了接近40dB,把这种滤波器可以称为分立式增益平坦滤波器。但是,由图11可以看出,每个第一光栅的插损深度仅有不到0.8dB,通过这些多个不到0.8dB的第一光栅沿传输方向的排布,以使该增益光纤实现增益平坦,所以,可以将具有多个第一光栅的增益光纤称为分布式增益平坦滤波器。
当光纤放大器仅包括图6所示的第一泵浦光源101和第一增益光纤201时,形成的光纤放大器可以称为一级放大器。在具体实施时,可根据第一增益光纤201的增益谱型和第一光栅的数量,定制第一光栅的增益谱型,以在第一增益光纤201上刻写能够 实现定制的增益谱型的第一光栅,且第一光栅23的周期Λ1满足:
其中,λ1
res为第一增益光纤201的增益谱型的中心波长;
为第一纤芯211的基模的有效折射率;
为第一包层221的第m阶模的有效折射率,m是大于1的正整数。
需要说明的是:第一光栅的周期Λ1是从一个折射率改变点到相邻一个折射率改变点的长度。也就是如图9所示,第一光栅的周期Λ1为每相邻两个第一光栅23之间的间距D。
需要说明的是:第一增益光纤201的增益谱型的中心波长是指:如图12所示,波长在1520nm至1540nm之间处λ
res的光能量最大,则λ
res就是中心波长。
在一些实施方式中,若一级放大能够满足增益需求,就可采用图6所示的结构。在另外一些实施方式中,当一级放大所达到的增益不能满足需求时,可采用二级放大,或者三级放大,或者更多级放大。
图13所示的是一种两级放大的光纤放大器,在该光纤放大器的输入端(input)和输出端(output)之间包括:第一泵浦光源101和第一增益光纤201,第二泵浦光源102和第二增益光纤202,第二增益光纤202的进光端与第一增益光纤201的出光端耦合连接。
其中,第一泵浦光源101用于将泵浦光耦合至第一增益光纤201,以激发第一增益光纤201中的增益介质由低能级向高能级跃迁,实现对光信号的一级放大。
第二泵浦光源102用于将泵浦光耦合至第二增益光纤202,以激发第二增益光纤202中的增益介质由低能级向高能级跃迁,实现对光信号的二级放大。进而通过两极放大达到所需的增益需求。
还有,结合图15,第二增益光纤202也包括第二纤芯212和包覆在第二纤芯212外部的第二包层222。
具体实施时,第一增益光纤201和第二增益光纤202的纤芯的材料、包层的材料可以是相同的,只是在具体布线时,将第一增益光纤201的一端与第二增益光纤202的一端熔接,以使两者耦合连接。
在设计光栅时,具有三种实施方式,第一种是仅在第一增益光纤上设置光栅,不在第二增益光纤上设置光栅;第二种是仅在第二增益光纤上设置光栅,不在第一增益光纤上设置光栅;第三种是在第一增益光纤上设置光栅,在第二增益光纤上也设置光栅。是否在两个增益光纤上都刻写光栅,还是要根据最终的光纤放大器的增益谱型和噪声系数谱型决定,比如,在光纤放大器的增益谱型相当的情况下,若第一种和第二种实施方式达到的噪声系数比第三种实施方式达到的噪声系数小,那么,就仅在第一增益光纤上或者第二增益光纤上刻写光栅,若第一种和第二种实施方式达到的噪声系数比第三种实施方式达到的噪声系数大,那就在第一增益光纤和第二增益光纤上都刻写光栅。
如图14所示,当第一增益光纤201和第二增益光纤202上均刻写光栅时,为了对两个增益光纤上的光栅的特征描述清楚,可以将第二增益光纤201上的光栅叫做第二光栅24。
在第一增益光纤201中,多个第一光栅23沿第一增益光纤201的传输方向布设, 以将第一纤芯中的基模耦合至第一包层的与第一纤芯的基模同向的高阶模,以实现一级滤波作用。
在第二增益光纤201中,多个第二光栅24沿第二增益光纤202的传输方向布设,以将第二纤芯中的基模耦合至第二包层的与第二纤芯的基模同向的高阶模,以实现二级滤波作用,通过两级滤波,抑制了大发射截面波段的增益竞争,使得发射截面较小的信号波段(例如,S band和L波段)得到充分放大。从而可以提高整个带宽内的增益,并且降低增益平坦滤波深度,大幅度改善噪声性能。
当在第一增益光纤201和第二增益光纤202上均刻写光栅时,且第一增益光纤201的增益谱型和第二增益光纤202的增益谱型一致时,可以将第一增益光纤201和第二增益光纤202视为一个总的光纤,这样的话,可以根据总的光纤的增益谱型定制每一个光栅增益谱型,并且刻写在第一增益光纤201上的第一光栅23和刻写在第二增益光纤202上的第二光栅24的周期相等。将刻写有第一光栅的第一增益光纤和刻写有第二光栅的第二增益光纤应用在该光纤放大器后,若最终的增益谱型具有较大的浮动,可以调整第一光栅和第二光栅的周期。
当在第一增益光纤201和第二增益光纤202上均刻写光栅时,且第一增益光纤201的增益谱型和第二增益光纤202的增益谱型不一致时,根据第一增益光纤201的增益谱型定制第一光栅23,以及根据第二增益光纤202的增益谱型定制第二光栅24,且第一光栅23的周期Λ1和第二光栅24的周期Λ2分别满足:
其中,λ1
res为第一增益光纤的增益谱型的中心波长;
为第一纤芯的基模的有效折射率;
为第一包层的第m阶模的有效折射率,m是大于1的正整数;λ2
res为第二增益光纤的目标滤波增益谱型的中心波长;
为第二纤芯的基模的有效折射率;
为第二包层的第m阶模的有效折射率,m是大于1的正整数。
这样的话,第一光栅23的周期Λ1有可能大于第二光栅24的周期Λ2,或者,第一光栅23的周期Λ1有可能小于第二光栅24的周期Λ2。
需要说明的是,第二光栅的周期的定义和第一光栅的周期的定义是一样的。
图16是图14所示光纤放大器结构的在第一增益光纤和第二增益光纤上均刻写光栅时,C波段和L波段的增益谱型和噪声系数谱型,该图16和图4现有的采用GFF的两级光纤放大器的C波段和L波段的增益谱型和噪声系数谱型相比较,结果如下:
当第一泵浦光源和第二泵浦光源施加的泵浦光条件相同时,在图4中,现有的光纤放大器只能实现小于12dB的增益,但是,如图16,本申请实施例的光纤放大器可以实现接近12dB的增益。所以,本申请的光纤放大器可以明显的提升增益。
当第一泵浦光源和第二泵浦光源施加的泵浦光条件相同时,在图4中,现有的光纤放大器的噪声系数劣化至接近12dB,与实际需求相差较大,但是,如图16,本申请实施例的光纤放大器的噪声系数小于5dB。所以,本申请的光纤放大器可以明显的改善噪声性能。
图17给出了一种三级放大的光纤放大器,在该光纤放大器的输入端(input)和输出端(output)之间包括:第一泵浦光源101和第一增益光纤201,第二泵浦光源102和 第二增益光纤202,第三泵浦光源103和第三增益光纤203,第二增益光纤202的进光端与第一增益光纤201的出光端耦合连接,第二增益光纤202的出光端与第三增益光纤203的进光端耦合连接。
并且,在第一增益光纤201、第二增益光纤202和第三增益光纤203上均刻写有光栅。
图18给出了另一种三级放大的光纤放大器,和图17不同的是,第一增益光纤201和第三增益光纤203上均刻写有光栅,但是第二增益光纤202没有刻写光栅。
和上述的两级光纤放大器一样,第一增益光纤201、第二增益光纤202和第三增益光纤203上是否都要刻写光栅,需要遵循:在最终的光纤放大器的增益均达到要求的情况下,哪种结构的噪声系数小,就选择哪种方式。
上述所述的增益光纤可以是稀土光纤。其中,在纤芯中掺有的稀土离子可以是Er
3+、Tm
3+、Ho
3+或Yb
3+中的至少一种,也就是说,可以是掺入一种稀土离子,也可以是掺入至少两种稀土离子。
在一些实施方式中,结合图19,光纤放大器还包括隔离器3,该隔离器3设置在增益光纤(201、202)的进光端和出光端,以滤除光纤中的反向放大的自发辐射(Amplified Spontaneous Emission,ASE),避免ASE对光信号造成干扰,降低该光纤放大器的放大性能。
在一些实施方式中,结合图19,光纤放大器还包括波长耦合器件4,用于耦合泵浦光和从信号光。波长耦合器件4具有三个端口,第一个端口与用于传输信号光的光纤连接,第二个端口与泵浦光源连接,第三个端口与增益光纤连接。
除此之外,上述涉及的长周期光栅也可以应用在硅波导中,比如,结合图20,在芯片6上,一般会集成电光调制器(图中未示出),芯片6上设置有与电光调制器连通的硅波导5,在该硅波导5中,包括纤芯和包覆在纤芯外部的包层,可以在纤芯上刻写上述所示的长周期光栅,以提高增益,降低噪声系数。
硅波导5的显现可以是图20所示的矩形波导,也可以是脊型波导。
在本说明书的描述中,具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
- 一种光纤放大器,其特征在于,包括:第一泵浦光源;第一增益光纤,所述第一泵浦光源用于将泵浦光耦合至所述第一增益光纤,所述第一增益光纤包括第一纤芯和包覆在所述第一纤芯外部的第一包层,所述第一纤芯中具有增益介质,所述第一纤芯形成有多个沿所述第一增益光纤的长度方向布设的第一光栅;其中,所述第一光栅能够将所述第一纤芯的基模耦合至所述第一包层的与所述基模同向传输的高阶模。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的光纤放大器,其特征在于,所述光纤放大器还包括:第二泵浦光源;第二增益光纤,所述第二泵浦光源用于将泵浦光耦合至所述第二增益光纤,且所述第一增益光纤的出光端与所述第二增益光纤进光端相连接,所述第二增益光纤包括第二纤芯和包覆在所述第二纤芯外部的第二包层,所述第二纤芯中具有增益介质。
- 根据权利要求4所述的光纤放大器,其特征在于,所述第一光栅的周期Λ1等于所述第二光栅的周期Λ2。
- 根据权利要求4所述的光纤放大器,其特征在于,所述第一光栅的周期Λ1大于或小于所述第二光栅的周期Λ2。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的光纤放大器,其特征在于,所述增益介质为稀土离子,以使增益光纤形成掺稀土光纤。
- 一种波分复用***,其特征在于,包括:波分复用器;传输光纤;如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的光纤放大器,所述光纤放大器的进光端通过所述传输光纤与所述波分复用器连接;解波分复用器,所述光纤放大器的出光端通过所述传输光纤与所述解波分复用器连接。
- 一种光通信设备,其特征在于,包括:如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的光纤放大器,或者,如权利要求8所述的波分复用***。
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