WO2022127090A1 - Microwave rock breaking drilling device - Google Patents

Microwave rock breaking drilling device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022127090A1
WO2022127090A1 PCT/CN2021/106040 CN2021106040W WO2022127090A1 WO 2022127090 A1 WO2022127090 A1 WO 2022127090A1 CN 2021106040 W CN2021106040 W CN 2021106040W WO 2022127090 A1 WO2022127090 A1 WO 2022127090A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microwave
water
rock
drill bit
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/106040
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
高明忠
王轩
李铭辉
杨本高
温翔越
杨钊颖
Original Assignee
深圳大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳大学 filed Critical 深圳大学
Priority to US18/250,279 priority Critical patent/US20230407706A1/en
Publication of WO2022127090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022127090A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
    • E21B21/011—Dust eliminating or dust removing while drilling
    • E21B21/013—Dust eliminating or dust removing while drilling by liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a drilling rock-breaking device, in particular to a drilling device which utilizes microwave softening rock to assist in rock-breaking.
  • Drilling refers to the process of drilling the formation into holes from the ground using mechanical equipment or manpower. It is usually used in the exploration or development of liquid and gaseous minerals such as oil and natural gas, and drilling wells and large-diameter water supply wells. It is widely used in national economic construction. At present, the commonly used drilling methods are divided into block drilling and rotary drilling.
  • the punching drill also known as the impact drill, is driven by the power drive device to drive the wire rope and the drill bit to produce up and down impact to achieve the effect of rock breaking.
  • This method has the disadvantages of slow drilling speed and low efficiency, and cannot meet the drilling requirements of deep drilling and complex formations.
  • the working principle of the rotary drill is to rotate the drill bit under a certain axial pressure (weight-on-bit), cutting or rolling the rock into debris, which can greatly improve the drilling efficiency and adapt to various complex underground formations compared with the percussion drilling method. It has become the current mainstream drilling method, but the disadvantage is that when the rock hardness is high, the rock breaking speed will largely depend on the hardness of the material of the drill bit itself. For high-hardness rock, the drilling equipment is not economical due to the wear of the cutter head. competitiveness, or not producing full capacity due to increased rock hardness and maintenance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microwave rock-breaking drilling device in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, which can complete the stirring and injection operations at the same time, and has the advantages of convenient operation and high gel filling efficiency.
  • a microwave rock-breaking drilling device comprising:
  • the integrated drill bit assembly includes a drill bit body, a cutter head and cutting teeth, and the cutter head and the cutting teeth are arranged on the drill bit body;
  • the microwave generating assembly includes a microwave emitting hole, and the microwave emitting hole is located on the drill bit body and communicates with the outside world;
  • the water jet dust removal assembly includes a water jet hole, and the water jet hole is located on the drill bit body and communicated with the outside world.
  • the beneficial effects of this technical solution are: on the one hand, when drilling into hard rock, the microwave generating assembly is used to perform microwave action on the rock, changing the temperature field of the rock to soften the rock, reducing the strength of the rock and reducing The drill bit is worn and the rock breaking efficiency is improved; on the other hand, the impact of mud dust on the microwave emission hole can be effectively solved by the water jet cleaning system, which can reduce the temperature of the drill bit, and at the same time enhance the rock’s ability to absorb waves and increase the microwave effect. , improve the efficiency and reduce the loss of drilling tools.
  • the cross-section of the drill bit body is circular, the cutter head is provided with a plurality of cutter heads, and the cutter heads are arranged on the drill bit body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and the cutting teeth are arranged on the cutter head. on the plate;
  • the microwave emitting holes are provided with several, and the microwave emitting holes are arranged on the drill body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single microwave emitting hole is located between two adjacent cutter heads;
  • a plurality of the water jetting holes are provided, and the plurality of the water jetting holes are arranged on the drill bit body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single water jetting hole is located between two adjacent cutter heads.
  • the beneficial effects of adopting the above scheme are: several cutter heads are provided to improve drilling efficiency; several microwave emission holes are provided to improve softening efficiency; several water jet holes are provided to improve cleaning and cooling efficiency.
  • the distance between the microwave emitting hole and the center of the cross section of the drill body is greater than the distance between the water jetting hole and the center of the cross section of the drill body.
  • the microwave emitting hole is farther away from the center, and the water jetting hole is closer to the center, and this structure can further improve the cleaning and cooling effect of the water jetting hole.
  • the cutter head, the microwave emitting holes and the water jetting holes are respectively provided with three.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that it has the advantages of reasonable structure, and at the same time, the effect of cleaning and cooling is taken into account.
  • the microwave generating assembly further includes a microwave source, a waveguide, a circulator, a water load and a microwave emitting rod;
  • the microwave source is connected with the circulator through the waveguide, the circulator is connected with the microwave emitting rod through the waveguide, and the microwave emitting rod is communicated with the microwave emitting hole;
  • the water load is connected to the circulator.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that microwaves are emitted through devices such as microwave sources, waveguides, circulators, water loads, and microwave emitting rods.
  • the microwave source, the circulator and the water load are integrated into a microwave generating device, the microwave emitting rod is located on the microwave generating assembly, and the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod are located between the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod. connected through the waveguide.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the microwave source, the circulator and the water load are integrated to form an independent microwave generating device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
  • the microwave emitting rod between the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod includes an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a microwave emitting head, and the outer conductor is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner conductor, so the microwave transmitting head is located at one end away from the waveguide;
  • FRP is arranged between the microwave emitting head and the microwave emitting hole.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the microwave emitting head on the microwave emitting rod can be isolated and protected by the glass fiber reinforced plastics.
  • the water jet dust removal assembly also includes a water tank, a water pressure controller, a flow meter, an adapter and a water pipe;
  • the water tank is connected with the water pressure controller through the water pipe, the water pressure controller is communicated with the flowmeter through the water pipe, and the flowmeter is communicated with the conversion joint through the water pipe, The conversion joint is communicated with the water jetting hole.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above solution is that the above-mentioned components are provided with water in jet form, so as to realize functions such as cleaning and cooling.
  • the water tank, the water pressure controller, the flow meter and the conversion joint are integrated to form a water jet dust removal device, and the water jet dust removal device and the water jet hole are communicated with each other through a water pipe.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the water tank, the water pressure controller, the flow meter and the conversion joint are integrated to form an independent water jet dust removal device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
  • the integrated drill bit assembly further includes a drill pipe, the drill body, the cutter head and the cutting teeth are arranged on the drill pipe and are located at the lower end of the drill pipe; the drill pipe passes through a drilling hole The support is arranged in the well.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the drill body, the cutter head and the cutting teeth are integrated through the drill rod to form an independent integrated drill assembly, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a drill bit body in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a drill bit body in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a drill bit body in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a microwave generating assembly in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a water jet dust removal assembly in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
  • Integrated drill bit assembly 1 microwave generating assembly 2, water jet dust removal assembly 3, drilling support 4;
  • Microwave emitting hole 201 microwave source 202, waveguide 203, circulator 204, water load 205, microwave emitting rod 206, FRP 207;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components.
  • an element is referred to as being “fixed to” or “disposed to” another element, it can be directly on the other element or an intervening element may also be present.
  • an element is considered to be “connected” to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.
  • the microwave action generates heat through the intense friction between the molecules of the object to be applied, which increases the overall temperature of the object to be applied, and the heating rate is fast to soften the rock mass. It also has the advantages of bulk heating, selective heating, and no secondary pollution, and is expected to be used. It is used in the field of engineering rock mass breaking to break through the bottleneck of traditional mechanical rock breaking, and has been proved to be technically and economically feasible in this field. Therefore, a drilling principle and device based on microwave rock breaking are proposed, which can reduce the wear of the drill bit, reduce the drilling cost, and improve the drilling efficiency. The present invention improves the drilling device in the prior art based on microwaves.
  • the present invention provides a microwave rock-breaking drilling device, which includes an integrated drill bit assembly 1 , a microwave generating assembly 2 and a water jet dust removal assembly 3 .
  • the integrated drill bit assembly 1 is mainly responsible for drilling
  • the microwave generating assembly 2 is used to provide microwaves to soften the rock
  • the water jet dust removal assembly 3 is used to remove the rock debris generated during the drilling process.
  • the integrated drill bit assembly 1 includes a drill bit body 101, a cutter head 102 and cutting teeth 103, the cutter head 102 and the cutting teeth 103 are provided on the drill bit body 101; specifically, the drill bit body 101 is a PDC bit
  • the microwave generating assembly 2 includes a microwave emission hole 201, which is located on the drill body 101 and communicates with the outside world; the water jet dust removal assembly 3 includes a water jet hole 301, which is located at the The drill bit body 101 communicates with the outside world.
  • the present invention utilizes the different wave-absorbing abilities of different minerals to rapidly heat up under the action of microwaves, resulting in a temperature gradient, growth and development of cracks in the rock formation, and the minerals in the rock melt or undergo chemical reactions under high temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of rock softening .
  • the rotary drilling rig breaks the rock, it is assisted by the action of microwave to cut the hard rock after softening it, which can achieve the purpose of improving the rock breaking rate and reducing the mechanical loss at the same time.
  • the microwave generating component 2 when encountering hard rock drilling, the microwave generating component 2 is used to perform microwave action on the rock, changing the rock temperature field to soften the rock, reducing the rock strength, reducing the wear of the drill bit, and improving the rock breaking efficiency; on the other hand, through The water jet cleaning system effectively solves the impact of mud dust on the microwave emission hole 201, which can reduce the temperature of the drill bit, and at the same time enhance the rock wave absorbing ability, increase the microwave effect, improve the efficiency, and reduce the loss of drilling tools.
  • the cross section of the drill bit body 101 is circular, and a plurality of the cutter discs 102 are provided, and the plurality of the cutter discs 102 are arranged on the drill bit body 101 at equal distances along the circumferential direction.
  • the cutting teeth 103 are arranged on the cutter head 102; a plurality of the microwave emission holes 201 are arranged, and a plurality of the microwave emission holes 201 are arranged on the drill body 101 at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single The microwave emitting holes 201 are located between two adjacent cutter heads 102; the water jetting holes 301 are provided with several, and the plurality of water jetting holes 301 are arranged on the drill body 101 at equal distances along the circumferential direction, and a single The water jetting holes 301 are located between two adjacent cutter heads 102 .
  • the cutter head 102 , the microwave emitting hole 201 and the water jetting hole 301 are all disposed on the cross section of the drill bit body 101 in a center-symmetrical manner, and the center of symmetry is the center of the cross-section.
  • Such a structure design is more reasonable, and, compared with a single setting, several cutter heads 102 are provided, which can improve drilling efficiency; several microwave emission holes 201 are provided, which can improve softening efficiency; Can improve cleaning and cooling efficiency.
  • the distance between the microwave emitting hole 201 and the center of the cross section of the drill bit body 101 is greater than the distance between the water jetting hole 301 and the center of the cross section of the drill bit body 101 .
  • the microwave emitting hole 201 is farther away from the center, and the water jetting hole 301 is closer to the center.
  • the smooth connection between the plurality of microwave emitting holes 201 can form a closed circle, and similarly, the smooth connection between the plurality of water jetting holes 301 can also form a closed circle.
  • the circle formed by the microwave emitting holes 201 and the circle formed by the water jetting holes 301 are concentric circles, and the circle formed by the microwave emitting holes 201 is outside the circle formed by the water jetting holes 301 .
  • the water jetting hole 301 is located at a more central position, which can further improve the cleaning and cooling effects of the water jetting hole 301 .
  • the high-pressure water column is ejected from the water jetting hole 301 , it will hit the rock, and the splash-like water will spread out in all directions, which can better clean up the rock debris accumulated at the central axis of the drill bit body 101 .
  • the cutter head 102 the microwave emitting holes 201 and the water jetting holes 301 are respectively provided with three. It has the advantages of reasonable structure, and at the same time takes into account the cleaning and cooling effect.
  • the microwave generating assembly 2 further includes a microwave source 202 , a waveguide 203 , a circulator 204 , a water load 205 and a microwave emitting rod 206 .
  • the microwave source 202 is connected to the circulator 204 through the waveguide 203
  • the circulator 204 is connected to the microwave emitting rod 206 through the waveguide 203
  • the microwave emitting rod 206 is connected to the microwave emitting rod 206 .
  • the microwave emitting holes 201 communicate with each other; the water load 205 is connected with the circulator 204 .
  • Microwaves are emitted through microwave sources 202 , waveguides 203 , circulators 204 , water loads 205 , and microwave emitting rods 206 .
  • the microwave emitting rod 206 between the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod 206 includes an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a microwave emitting head, and the outer conductor is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner conductor.
  • the microwave emitting head is located at one end away from the waveguide 203 .
  • a glass fiber reinforced plastic 207 is disposed between the microwave emitting head and the microwave emitting hole 201 , and the glass fiber reinforced plastic 207 is a quartz structure.
  • the microwave emitting head on the microwave emitting rod 206 is isolated and protected by the glass fiber reinforced plastic 207; at the same time, the quartz material has the property of transmitting waves to ensure the effectiveness of microwave emission.
  • the water jet dust removal assembly 3 further includes a water tank 302 , a water pressure controller 303 , a flow meter 304 , an adapter 305 and a water pipe 306 ; the water tank 302 communicates with the water pressure controller through the water pipe 306 .
  • 303 is connected through, the water pressure controller 303 is communicated with the flowmeter 304 through the water pipe 306, the flowmeter 304 is communicated with the adapter 305 through the water pipe 306, and the adapter 305 is connected with the
  • the water jetting holes 301 are communicated with each other.
  • the jet-like high-pressure water column is provided through the above components to achieve functions such as cleaning and cooling.
  • the integrated drill bit assembly 1 , the microwave generating assembly 2 and the water jet dust removal assembly 3 in the device are all modularly arranged.
  • the microwave source 202, the circulator 204 and the water load 205 are integrated into a microwave generating device, the microwave emitting rod 206 is located on the microwave generating assembly 2, the microwave generating The device and the microwave emitting rod 206 are connected through the waveguide 203 .
  • the microwave source 202, the circulator 204 and the water load 205 are integrated to form an independent microwave generating device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
  • the water tank 302 , the water pressure controller 303 , the flow meter 304 and the conversion joint 305 are integrated to form a water jet dust removal device, and the water jet dust removal device and the water jet hole 301 are connected through a water pipe 306 .
  • the water tank 302 , the water pressure controller 303 , the flow meter 304 and the conversion joint 305 are integrated to form an independent water jet dust removal device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
  • the integrated drill bit assembly 1 further includes a drill rod 104 , and the drill bit body 101 , the cutter head 102 and the cutting teeth 103 are disposed on the drill rod 104 and located on the drill rod 104
  • the lower end of the drill pipe 104 is set in the drilling through a drilling support 4 .
  • the drill body 101 , the cutter head 102 and the cutting teeth 103 and other components are integrally arranged through the drill rod 104 to form an independent integrated drill assembly 1 , so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
  • the microwave rock breaking drilling device in the present invention includes an integrated drill bit assembly 1 , a microwave generating assembly 2 and a water jet dust removal assembly 3 .
  • the three cutter heads 102 are evenly arranged on the drill bit
  • the microwave emitting holes 201 and the water jetting holes 301 are evenly arranged in the gap of the cutter head 102
  • the waveguide 203 and the water pipe 306 are arranged inside the drill bit, and the outside of the drill bit is connected by pipes.
  • the microwave generating assembly 2 includes an external basic microwave device, which is composed of a microwave source 202 , a waveguide 203 , a circulator 204 , a water load 205 and a microwave emitting rod 206 .
  • One end of the microwave source 202 is connected to a waveguide 203, and the waveguide 203 transmits microwaves to a water load 205 and a circulator 204, and one end of the circulator 204 is connected to a microwave emitting rod 206 to emit microwaves to act on the rock.
  • the microwave source 202 is composed of a magnetron; the microwave emitting rod 206 is composed of an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a microwave emitting head. wave material.
  • the microwave rock-breaking drilling device in the present invention can reasonably use its function according to the hardness of the rock in the drilling area.
  • the microwave generating device can be turned on to soften the hard rock by microwave heating, and the rock-breaking drilling operation can be performed together with the mechanical cutting action of the drilling tool. Stop the drill bit operation, turn on the microwave transmitting device, perform microwave action on the hard rock, quickly reduce the mechanical properties of the rock, and then start the drilling tool to break the rock.
  • the water jet dust removal device is composed of a water tank 302 , a water pressure controller 303 , a flow meter 304 and a water pipe 306 .
  • the water tank 302 is connected to the water pressure controller 303 through the water pipe 306, and the water pressure controller 303 is connected to the flow meter 304 through the water pipe 306.
  • the flow pressure and flow can be controlled through the display of the flow meter 304.
  • the water jet device can be turned on to remove dust and cool down, and at the same time, it can enhance the wave-absorbing ability of the rock and increase the effect of microwave action.
  • the present invention provides a microwave rock-breaking drilling device, including an integrated drill bit assembly 1, a microwave generating device and a water jet dust removal device; the microwave generating device is mainly composed of a microwave source 202, a waveguide 203, a water load 205, and a circulator. 204.
  • the microwaves generated by them are used to act on hard rock, change the mechanical properties of the rock, and play the role of softening the rock and assisting in breaking the rock;
  • the water jet dust removal device consists of a water tank 302, a water pressure controller 303, a flow meter 304,
  • the water pipe is composed of 306, which has the functions of removing dust and cooling, enhancing the ability of rock to absorb waves, and increasing the effect of microwave.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a microwave rock breaking drilling device, comprising an integrated drill bit assembly, a microwave generating assembly, and a water-jet dust removal assembly. The integrated drill bit assembly comprises a drill bit body, cutter heads, and cutting teeth; the cutter heads and the cutting teeth are provided on the drill bit body; the microwave generating assembly comprises microwave emitting holes, and the microwave emitting holes are located on the drill bit body and are communicated with the outside; the water-jet dust removal assembly comprises water-jet holes, and the water-jet holes are located on the drill bit body and are communicated with the outside. On one hand, when hard rock drilling is performed, the microwave generating assembly is used to perform a microwave action on the rock to change a temperature field of the rock and soften the rock, thereby reducing the rock strength, reducing abrasion of a drill bit, and improving rock breaking efficiency; on the other hand, by means of a water-jet cleaning system, the influence of mud, dust and the like on the microwave emitting holes is effectively avoided, the effect of reducing the temperature of the drill bit is realized, the wave absorbing capacity of the rock is enhanced, the microwave effect is improved, the efficiency is improved, and the loss is reduced.

Description

一种微波破岩钻井装置A microwave rock breaking drilling device 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及钻井技术领域，特别涉及一种钻井破岩装置，具体是一种利用微波软化岩石辅助进行破岩的钻井装置。The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a drilling rock-breaking device, in particular to a drilling device which utilizes microwave softening rock to assist in rock-breaking.
背景技术Background technique
钻井是指利用机械设备或人力从地面将地层钻成孔眼的工作过程。通常应用于勘探或开发石油、天然气等液态和气态矿产而钻凿井眼及大直径供水井等工程，在国民经济建设中的应用极为广泛。目前，常用的钻井方式分为顿钻和旋转钻。Drilling refers to the process of drilling the formation into holes from the ground using mechanical equipment or manpower. It is usually used in the exploration or development of liquid and gaseous minerals such as oil and natural gas, and drilling wells and large-diameter water supply wells. It is widely used in national economic construction. At present, the commonly used drilling methods are divided into block drilling and rotary drilling.
顿钻又称冲击钻，由动力驱动装置带动钢丝绳和钻头产生上下冲击作用，达到破岩效果，此种方式存在钻速慢和效率低等缺点，不能适应深地钻探和复杂地层的钻探要求。旋转钻的工作原理是使钻头在一定的轴向压力(钻压)下旋转，将岩石切削或碾压成碎屑，与冲击钻井法相比可大幅度提高钻井效率及适应各种复杂的井下地层情况，已成为当前主流钻井方法，但缺点是当岩石硬度高时，破岩快慢会很大程度取决于钻头本身材质的硬度，针对高硬度岩石破岩时钻井设备因刀盘磨损而缺乏经济上的竞争力，或由于岩石硬度和维修量增加而没有发挥充分的生产能力。The punching drill, also known as the impact drill, is driven by the power drive device to drive the wire rope and the drill bit to produce up and down impact to achieve the effect of rock breaking. This method has the disadvantages of slow drilling speed and low efficiency, and cannot meet the drilling requirements of deep drilling and complex formations. The working principle of the rotary drill is to rotate the drill bit under a certain axial pressure (weight-on-bit), cutting or rolling the rock into debris, which can greatly improve the drilling efficiency and adapt to various complex underground formations compared with the percussion drilling method. It has become the current mainstream drilling method, but the disadvantage is that when the rock hardness is high, the rock breaking speed will largely depend on the hardness of the material of the drill bit itself. For high-hardness rock, the drilling equipment is not economical due to the wear of the cutter head. competitiveness, or not producing full capacity due to increased rock hardness and maintenance.
业界主流的两个钻井方式都在一定程度上存在难以突破的瓶颈，进而导致钻井成本高和钻井效率低等问题。The two mainstream drilling methods in the industry both have bottlenecks that are difficult to break through to a certain extent, which leads to problems such as high drilling costs and low drilling efficiency.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种微波破岩钻井装置，能够同时完成搅拌和注射操作，具有操作方便和充胶效率高等优点。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microwave rock-breaking drilling device in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, which can complete the stirring and injection operations at the same time, and has the advantages of convenient operation and high gel filling efficiency.
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows:
一种微波破岩钻井装置，包括：A microwave rock-breaking drilling device, comprising:
集成钻头组件，所述集成钻头组件包括钻头本体、刀盘和切削齿，所述刀盘和所述 切削齿设置于所述钻头本体上；an integrated drill bit assembly, the integrated drill bit assembly includes a drill bit body, a cutter head and cutting teeth, and the cutter head and the cutting teeth are arranged on the drill bit body;
微波发生组件，所述微波发生组件包括微波发射孔，所述微波发射孔位于所述钻头本体上并与外界连通；a microwave generating assembly, the microwave generating assembly includes a microwave emitting hole, and the microwave emitting hole is located on the drill bit body and communicates with the outside world;
射水除尘组件，所述射水除尘组件包括射水孔，所述射水孔位于所述钻头本体上并与外界连通。The water jet dust removal assembly includes a water jet hole, and the water jet hole is located on the drill bit body and communicated with the outside world.
与现有技术相比，本技术方案的有益效果是：一方面，当遇到硬岩钻探时，利用微波发生组件对岩石进行微波作用，改变岩石温度场软化岩石，降低了岩石强度，减少了钻头磨损，提高了破岩效率；另一方面，通过射水清洁***有效解决泥浆灰尘等对于微波发射孔的影响，可以起到降低钻头温度的作用，同时增强岩石吸波能力，增大微波作用效果，提升效率，减少了钻具损耗。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this technical solution are: on the one hand, when drilling into hard rock, the microwave generating assembly is used to perform microwave action on the rock, changing the temperature field of the rock to soften the rock, reducing the strength of the rock and reducing The drill bit is worn and the rock breaking efficiency is improved; on the other hand, the impact of mud dust on the microwave emission hole can be effectively solved by the water jet cleaning system, which can reduce the temperature of the drill bit, and at the same time enhance the rock’s ability to absorb waves and increase the microwave effect. , improve the efficiency and reduce the loss of drilling tools.
进一步地，所述钻头本体的横截面为圆形，所述刀盘设置有若干个，若干所述刀盘沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体上，所述切削齿设置于所述刀盘上；Further, the cross-section of the drill bit body is circular, the cutter head is provided with a plurality of cutter heads, and the cutter heads are arranged on the drill bit body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and the cutting teeth are arranged on the cutter head. on the plate;
所述微波发射孔设置有若干个，若干所述微波发射孔沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体上，单个所述微波发射孔位于相邻两个所述刀盘之间；The microwave emitting holes are provided with several, and the microwave emitting holes are arranged on the drill body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single microwave emitting hole is located between two adjacent cutter heads;
所述射水孔设置有若干个，若干所述射水孔沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体上，单个所述射水孔位于相邻两个所述刀盘之间。A plurality of the water jetting holes are provided, and the plurality of the water jetting holes are arranged on the drill bit body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single water jetting hole is located between two adjacent cutter heads.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：刀盘设置有若干个，能够提高钻井效率；微波发射孔设置有若干个，能够提高软化效率；射水孔设置有若干个，能够提高清理和降温效率。The beneficial effects of adopting the above scheme are: several cutter heads are provided to improve drilling efficiency; several microwave emission holes are provided to improve softening efficiency; several water jet holes are provided to improve cleaning and cooling efficiency.
进一步地，所述微波发射孔与所述钻头本体横截面的圆心之间的距离大于所述射水孔与所述钻头本体横截面的圆心之间的距离。Further, the distance between the microwave emitting hole and the center of the cross section of the drill body is greater than the distance between the water jetting hole and the center of the cross section of the drill body.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：简而言之，即是微波发射孔更远离中心，而射水孔更接近中心，如此结构能够进一步提高射水孔的清理和降温效果。The beneficial effects of adopting the above solution are as follows: in short, the microwave emitting hole is farther away from the center, and the water jetting hole is closer to the center, and this structure can further improve the cleaning and cooling effect of the water jetting hole.
进一步地，所述刀盘、所述微波发射孔和所述射水孔分别设置有三个。Further, the cutter head, the microwave emitting holes and the water jetting holes are respectively provided with three.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：具有结构合理的优点，同时兼顾了清理降温效果。The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that it has the advantages of reasonable structure, and at the same time, the effect of cleaning and cooling is taken into account.
进一步地，所述微波发生组件还包括微波源、波导管、环形器、水负载以及微波发射棒；Further, the microwave generating assembly further includes a microwave source, a waveguide, a circulator, a water load and a microwave emitting rod;
所述微波源通过所述波导管与所述环形器相连接，所述环形器通过所述波导管与所述微波发射棒相连接，所述微波发射棒与所述微波发射孔相连通；所述水负载与所述环形器相连接。The microwave source is connected with the circulator through the waveguide, the circulator is connected with the microwave emitting rod through the waveguide, and the microwave emitting rod is communicated with the microwave emitting hole; The water load is connected to the circulator.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：通过微波源、波导管、环形器、水负载以及微波发射棒等设备发出微波。The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that microwaves are emitted through devices such as microwave sources, waveguides, circulators, water loads, and microwave emitting rods.
进一步地，所述微波源、所述环形器和所述水负载集成设置成一微波发生设备，所述微波发射棒位于所述微波发生组件上，所述微波发生设备与所述微波发射棒之间通过所述波导管相连接。Further, the microwave source, the circulator and the water load are integrated into a microwave generating device, the microwave emitting rod is located on the microwave generating assembly, and the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod are located between the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod. connected through the waveguide.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：将微波源、环形器和水负载一体化设置，形成一个独立的微波发生设备，使得本装置的各个部分实现模块化。The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the microwave source, the circulator and the water load are integrated to form an independent microwave generating device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
进一步地，所述微波发生设备与所述微波发射棒之间的所述微波发射棒包括内导体、外导体以及微波发射头，所述外导体同轴套设于所述内导体的外侧，所述微波发射头位于远离所述波导管的一端；Further, the microwave emitting rod between the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod includes an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a microwave emitting head, and the outer conductor is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner conductor, so the microwave transmitting head is located at one end away from the waveguide;
所述微波发射头和所述微波发射孔之间设置有玻璃钢。FRP is arranged between the microwave emitting head and the microwave emitting hole.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：通过玻璃钢对微波发射棒上的微波发射头起到隔绝和保护作用。The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the microwave emitting head on the microwave emitting rod can be isolated and protected by the glass fiber reinforced plastics.
进一步地，所述射水除尘组件还包括水箱、水压控制器、流量计、转换接头以及水管；Further, the water jet dust removal assembly also includes a water tank, a water pressure controller, a flow meter, an adapter and a water pipe;
所述水箱通过所述水管与所述水压控制器相连通过，所述水压控制器通过所述水管与所述流量计相连通，所述流量计通过所述水管所述转换接头相连通，所述转换接头与所述射水孔相连通。The water tank is connected with the water pressure controller through the water pipe, the water pressure controller is communicated with the flowmeter through the water pipe, and the flowmeter is communicated with the conversion joint through the water pipe, The conversion joint is communicated with the water jetting hole.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：通过上述组件提供喷射状的水，以实现清理和降温等功能。The beneficial effect of adopting the above solution is that the above-mentioned components are provided with water in jet form, so as to realize functions such as cleaning and cooling.
进一步地，所述水箱、所述水压控制器、所述流量计以及所述转换接头集成设置成一射水除尘设备，所述射水除尘设备与所述射水孔之间通过水管相连通。Further, the water tank, the water pressure controller, the flow meter and the conversion joint are integrated to form a water jet dust removal device, and the water jet dust removal device and the water jet hole are communicated with each other through a water pipe.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：将水箱、水压控制器、流量计以及转换接头一体化设 置，形成一个独立的射水除尘设备，使得本装置的各个部分实现模块化。The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the water tank, the water pressure controller, the flow meter and the conversion joint are integrated to form an independent water jet dust removal device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
进一步地，所述集成钻头组件还包括钻杆，所述钻头本体、所述刀盘和所述切削齿设置于所述钻杆上且位于所述钻杆的下端；所述钻杆通过一钻井支架设置于钻井内。Further, the integrated drill bit assembly further includes a drill pipe, the drill body, the cutter head and the cutting teeth are arranged on the drill pipe and are located at the lower end of the drill pipe; the drill pipe passes through a drilling hole The support is arranged in the well.
采用上述方案的有益效果是：将钻头本体、所述刀盘和切削齿等部件通过钻杆一体化设置，形成一个独立的集成钻头组件，使得本装置的各个部分实现模块化。The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that the drill body, the cutter head and the cutting teeth are integrated through the drill rod to form an independent integrated drill assembly, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种微波破岩钻井装置的整体示意图。FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
图2是本发明一种微波破岩钻井装置中钻头本体的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a drill bit body in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
图3是本发明一种微波破岩钻井装置中钻头本体的俯视图。FIG. 3 is a top view of a drill bit body in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
图4是本发明一种微波破岩钻井装置中钻头本体的截面图。4 is a cross-sectional view of a drill bit body in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
图5是本发明一种微波破岩钻井装置中微波发生组件的示意图。5 is a schematic diagram of a microwave generating assembly in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
图6是本发明一种微波破岩钻井装置中射水除尘组件的示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a water jet dust removal assembly in a microwave rock-breaking drilling device of the present invention.
图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：In the figure, the list of components represented by each label is as follows:
集成钻头组件1、微波发生组件2、射水除尘组件3、钻井支架4；Integrated drill bit assembly 1, microwave generating assembly 2, water jet dust removal assembly 3, drilling support 4;
钻头本体101、刀盘102、切削齿103、钻杆104； Drill bit body 101, cutter head 102, cutting teeth 103, drill rod 104;
微波发射孔201、微波源202、波导管203、环形器204、水负载205、微波发射棒206、玻璃钢207； Microwave emitting hole 201, microwave source 202, waveguide 203, circulator 204, water load 205, microwave emitting rod 206, FRP 207;
射水孔301、水箱302、水压控制器303、流量计304、转换接头305、水管306。The water jet hole 301 , the water tank 302 , the water pressure controller 303 , the flow meter 304 , the adapter 305 , and the water pipe 306 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语中“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本 发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或组件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. in the terms is based on The orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as Limitations of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”、“相连”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个组件内部的连通。当组件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components. When an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or an intervening element may also be present. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.
现有技术中，业界主流的两个钻井方式为顿钻和旋转钻，虽说此两种钻井方式都能够实现基本的钻井功能，但都在一定程度上存在难以突破的瓶颈，导致钻井成本高和钻井效率低等问题。In the prior art, the two mainstream drilling methods in the industry are continuous drilling and rotary drilling. Although these two drilling methods can achieve basic drilling functions, there are bottlenecks that are difficult to break through to a certain extent, resulting in high drilling costs and high cost. Problems such as low drilling efficiency.
微波作用通过被作用物体分子间激烈的摩擦产生热量，使得被作用物体整体温度升高，且升温速率快进而软化岩体，还具有体加热、选择性加热、无二次污染等优点而有望被用于工程岩体破碎领域，用以突破传统机械破岩的瓶颈，并已被证明在该领域技术上和经济上的可行性。因此，提出一种基于微波破岩的钻井原理与装置，该装置可以减小钻头的磨损，降低了钻井成本，提高了钻井工作效率。本发明基于微波对现有技术中的钻井装置进行改良。The microwave action generates heat through the intense friction between the molecules of the object to be applied, which increases the overall temperature of the object to be applied, and the heating rate is fast to soften the rock mass. It also has the advantages of bulk heating, selective heating, and no secondary pollution, and is expected to be used. It is used in the field of engineering rock mass breaking to break through the bottleneck of traditional mechanical rock breaking, and has been proved to be technically and economically feasible in this field. Therefore, a drilling principle and device based on microwave rock breaking are proposed, which can reduce the wear of the drill bit, reduce the drilling cost, and improve the drilling efficiency. The present invention improves the drilling device in the prior art based on microwaves.
如图1所示，为了解决现有技术中的钻井成本高和钻井效率低等问题，本发明提供一种微波破岩钻井装置，包括集成钻头组件1、微波发生组件2和射水除尘组件3。在本装置中，集成钻头组件1主要承担钻井工作，微波发生组件2的作用在于提供微波软化岩石，而射水除尘组件3则用于清除钻井过程中所产生的岩石碎屑。As shown in FIG. 1 , in order to solve the problems of high drilling cost and low drilling efficiency in the prior art, the present invention provides a microwave rock-breaking drilling device, which includes an integrated drill bit assembly 1 , a microwave generating assembly 2 and a water jet dust removal assembly 3 . In this device, the integrated drill bit assembly 1 is mainly responsible for drilling, the microwave generating assembly 2 is used to provide microwaves to soften the rock, and the water jet dust removal assembly 3 is used to remove the rock debris generated during the drilling process.
所述集成钻头组件1包括钻头本体101、刀盘102和切削齿103，所述刀盘102和所述切削齿103设置于所述钻头本体101上；具体地，所述钻头本体101为PDC钻头体；所述微波发生组件2包括微波发射孔201，所述微波发射孔201位于所述钻头本体 101上并与外界连通；所述射水除尘组件3包括射水孔301，所述射水孔301位于所述钻头本体101上并与外界连通。The integrated drill bit assembly 1 includes a drill bit body 101, a cutter head 102 and cutting teeth 103, the cutter head 102 and the cutting teeth 103 are provided on the drill bit body 101; specifically, the drill bit body 101 is a PDC bit The microwave generating assembly 2 includes a microwave emission hole 201, which is located on the drill body 101 and communicates with the outside world; the water jet dust removal assembly 3 includes a water jet hole 301, which is located at the The drill bit body 101 communicates with the outside world.
现有技术中的钻头磨损大、钻井成本高和钻井工作效率低等问题，其一个重要影响因素是岩石强度过大，如何降低岩石强度，并解决岩石强度大所带来的后续影响，是解决上述问题的关键。In the prior art, the problems of high drill bit wear, high drilling cost and low drilling efficiency are an important factor that affects the strength of the rock. key to the above question.
本发明基于上述技术方案，利用不同矿物的吸波能力不同，在微波作用下升温迅速，产生温度梯度，岩层裂缝生长发育，且高温下岩石中矿物融化或发生化学反应，以达到岩石软化的目的。在旋转钻机破岩的同时，辅助以微波作用，在对硬岩软化之后，对其进行切削，可以同时达到提高破岩速率和减少机械损耗的目的。Based on the above technical scheme, the present invention utilizes the different wave-absorbing abilities of different minerals to rapidly heat up under the action of microwaves, resulting in a temperature gradient, growth and development of cracks in the rock formation, and the minerals in the rock melt or undergo chemical reactions under high temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of rock softening . When the rotary drilling rig breaks the rock, it is assisted by the action of microwave to cut the hard rock after softening it, which can achieve the purpose of improving the rock breaking rate and reducing the mechanical loss at the same time.
一方面，当遇到硬岩钻探时，利用微波发生组件2对岩石进行微波作用，改变岩石温度场软化岩石，降低了岩石强度，减少了钻头磨损，提高了破岩效率；另一方面，通过射水清洁***有效解决泥浆灰尘等对于微波发射孔201的影响，可以起到降低钻头温度的作用，同时增强岩石吸波能力，增大微波作用效果，提升效率，减少了钻具损耗。On the one hand, when encountering hard rock drilling, the microwave generating component 2 is used to perform microwave action on the rock, changing the rock temperature field to soften the rock, reducing the rock strength, reducing the wear of the drill bit, and improving the rock breaking efficiency; on the other hand, through The water jet cleaning system effectively solves the impact of mud dust on the microwave emission hole 201, which can reduce the temperature of the drill bit, and at the same time enhance the rock wave absorbing ability, increase the microwave effect, improve the efficiency, and reduce the loss of drilling tools.
如图2所示，优选地，所述钻头本体101的横截面为圆形，所述刀盘102设置有若干个，若干所述刀盘102沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体101上，所述切削齿103设置于所述刀盘102上；所述微波发射孔201设置有若干个，若干所述微波发射孔201沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体101上，单个所述微波发射孔201位于相邻两个所述刀盘102之间；所述射水孔301设置有若干个，若干所述射水孔301沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体101上，单个所述射水孔301位于相邻两个所述刀盘102之间。As shown in FIG. 2 , preferably, the cross section of the drill bit body 101 is circular, and a plurality of the cutter discs 102 are provided, and the plurality of the cutter discs 102 are arranged on the drill bit body 101 at equal distances along the circumferential direction. , the cutting teeth 103 are arranged on the cutter head 102; a plurality of the microwave emission holes 201 are arranged, and a plurality of the microwave emission holes 201 are arranged on the drill body 101 at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single The microwave emitting holes 201 are located between two adjacent cutter heads 102; the water jetting holes 301 are provided with several, and the plurality of water jetting holes 301 are arranged on the drill body 101 at equal distances along the circumferential direction, and a single The water jetting holes 301 are located between two adjacent cutter heads 102 .
简单地说，刀盘102、微波发射孔201和射水孔301都是按照中心对称的方式设置于钻头本体101的横截面的，其对称中心为横截面的圆心。这样的结构设计更加合理，而且，相比于单个设置，刀盘102设置有若干个，能够提高钻井效率；微波发射孔201设置有若干个，能够提高软化效率；射水孔301设置有若干个，能够提高清理和降温效率。In short, the cutter head 102 , the microwave emitting hole 201 and the water jetting hole 301 are all disposed on the cross section of the drill bit body 101 in a center-symmetrical manner, and the center of symmetry is the center of the cross-section. Such a structure design is more reasonable, and, compared with a single setting, several cutter heads 102 are provided, which can improve drilling efficiency; several microwave emission holes 201 are provided, which can improve softening efficiency; Can improve cleaning and cooling efficiency.
如图3所示，优选地，所述微波发射孔201与所述钻头本体101横截面的圆心之间的距离大于所述射水孔301与所述钻头本体101横截面的圆心之间的距离。As shown in FIG. 3 , preferably, the distance between the microwave emitting hole 201 and the center of the cross section of the drill bit body 101 is greater than the distance between the water jetting hole 301 and the center of the cross section of the drill bit body 101 .
简而言之，即是微波发射孔201更远离中心，而射水孔301更接近中心。多个微波发射孔201之间的圆滑连线能够形成一个闭合的圆，同样地，多个射水孔301之间的圆滑连线也能够形成一个闭合的圆。微波发射孔201所组成的圆与射水孔301所组成的圆是同心圆，而且微波发射孔201所组成的圆在射水孔301所组成的圆以外。In short, the microwave emitting hole 201 is farther away from the center, and the water jetting hole 301 is closer to the center. The smooth connection between the plurality of microwave emitting holes 201 can form a closed circle, and similarly, the smooth connection between the plurality of water jetting holes 301 can also form a closed circle. The circle formed by the microwave emitting holes 201 and the circle formed by the water jetting holes 301 are concentric circles, and the circle formed by the microwave emitting holes 201 is outside the circle formed by the water jetting holes 301 .
如此结构，射水孔301位于更加中心的位置，能够进一步提高射水孔301的清理和降温效果。高压水柱从射水孔301处射出后，会撞击在岩石上，出现喷溅状的水花四向散开，能够更好地将堆积在钻头本体101中轴线处的岩石碎屑清理出来。With such a structure, the water jetting hole 301 is located at a more central position, which can further improve the cleaning and cooling effects of the water jetting hole 301 . After the high-pressure water column is ejected from the water jetting hole 301 , it will hit the rock, and the splash-like water will spread out in all directions, which can better clean up the rock debris accumulated at the central axis of the drill bit body 101 .
具体地，所述刀盘102、所述微波发射孔201和所述射水孔301分别设置有三个。具有结构合理的优点，同时兼顾了清理降温效果。Specifically, the cutter head 102 , the microwave emitting holes 201 and the water jetting holes 301 are respectively provided with three. It has the advantages of reasonable structure, and at the same time takes into account the cleaning and cooling effect.
如图5所示，所述微波发生组件2还包括微波源202、波导管203、环形器204、水负载205以及微波发射棒206。所述微波源202通过所述波导管203与所述环形器204相连接，所述环形器204通过所述波导管203与所述微波发射棒206相连接，所述微波发射棒206与所述微波发射孔201相连通；所述水负载205与所述环形器204相连接。通过微波源202、波导管203、环形器204、水负载205以及微波发射棒206等设备发出微波。As shown in FIG. 5 , the microwave generating assembly 2 further includes a microwave source 202 , a waveguide 203 , a circulator 204 , a water load 205 and a microwave emitting rod 206 . The microwave source 202 is connected to the circulator 204 through the waveguide 203 , the circulator 204 is connected to the microwave emitting rod 206 through the waveguide 203 , and the microwave emitting rod 206 is connected to the microwave emitting rod 206 . The microwave emitting holes 201 communicate with each other; the water load 205 is connected with the circulator 204 . Microwaves are emitted through microwave sources 202 , waveguides 203 , circulators 204 , water loads 205 , and microwave emitting rods 206 .
所述微波发生设备与所述微波发射棒206之间的所述微波发射棒206包括内导体、外导体以及微波发射头，所述外导体同轴套设于所述内导体的外侧，所述微波发射头位于远离所述波导管203的一端。如图4所示，所述微波发射头和所述微波发射孔201之间设置有玻璃钢207，所述玻璃钢207为石英结构。通过玻璃钢207对微波发射棒206上的微波发射头起到隔绝和保护作用；同时，石英材料具有透波的特性，保证微波发射的有效性。The microwave emitting rod 206 between the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod 206 includes an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a microwave emitting head, and the outer conductor is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner conductor. The microwave emitting head is located at one end away from the waveguide 203 . As shown in FIG. 4 , a glass fiber reinforced plastic 207 is disposed between the microwave emitting head and the microwave emitting hole 201 , and the glass fiber reinforced plastic 207 is a quartz structure. The microwave emitting head on the microwave emitting rod 206 is isolated and protected by the glass fiber reinforced plastic 207; at the same time, the quartz material has the property of transmitting waves to ensure the effectiveness of microwave emission.
如图6所示，所述射水除尘组件3还包括水箱302、水压控制器303、流量计304、转换接头305以及水管306；所述水箱302通过所述水管306与所述水压控制器303相连通过，所述水压控制器303通过所述水管306与所述流量计304相连通，所述流量计304通过所述水管306所述转换接头305相连通，所述转换接头305与所述射水孔301相连通。通过上述组件提供喷射状的高压水柱，以实现清理和降温等功能。As shown in FIG. 6 , the water jet dust removal assembly 3 further includes a water tank 302 , a water pressure controller 303 , a flow meter 304 , an adapter 305 and a water pipe 306 ; the water tank 302 communicates with the water pressure controller through the water pipe 306 . 303 is connected through, the water pressure controller 303 is communicated with the flowmeter 304 through the water pipe 306, the flowmeter 304 is communicated with the adapter 305 through the water pipe 306, and the adapter 305 is connected with the The water jetting holes 301 are communicated with each other. The jet-like high-pressure water column is provided through the above components to achieve functions such as cleaning and cooling.
本装置中的集成钻头组件1、微波发生组件2和射水除尘组件3均采用模块化设置。The integrated drill bit assembly 1 , the microwave generating assembly 2 and the water jet dust removal assembly 3 in the device are all modularly arranged.
结合图1和图5，所述微波源202、所述环形器204和所述水负载205集成设置成一微波发生设备，所述微波发射棒206位于所述微波发生组件2上，所述微波发生设备与所述微波发射棒206之间通过所述波导管203相连接。将微波源202、环形器204和水负载205一体化设置，形成一个独立的微波发生设备，使得本装置的各个部分实现模块化。1 and 5, the microwave source 202, the circulator 204 and the water load 205 are integrated into a microwave generating device, the microwave emitting rod 206 is located on the microwave generating assembly 2, the microwave generating The device and the microwave emitting rod 206 are connected through the waveguide 203 . The microwave source 202, the circulator 204 and the water load 205 are integrated to form an independent microwave generating device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
所述水箱302、所述水压控制器303、所述流量计304以及所述转换接头305集成设置成一射水除尘设备，所述射水除尘设备与所述射水孔301之间通过水管306相连通。将水箱302、水压控制器303、流量计304以及转换接头305一体化设置，形成一个独立的射水除尘设备，使得本装置的各个部分实现模块化。The water tank 302 , the water pressure controller 303 , the flow meter 304 and the conversion joint 305 are integrated to form a water jet dust removal device, and the water jet dust removal device and the water jet hole 301 are connected through a water pipe 306 . The water tank 302 , the water pressure controller 303 , the flow meter 304 and the conversion joint 305 are integrated to form an independent water jet dust removal device, so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
如图1所示，所述集成钻头组件1还包括钻杆104，所述钻头本体101、所述刀盘102和所述切削齿103设置于所述钻杆104上且位于所述钻杆104的下端；所述钻杆104通过一钻井支架4设置于钻井内。将钻头本体101、所述刀盘102和切削齿103等部件通过钻杆104一体化设置，形成一个独立的集成钻头组件1，使得本装置的各个部分实现模块化。As shown in FIG. 1 , the integrated drill bit assembly 1 further includes a drill rod 104 , and the drill bit body 101 , the cutter head 102 and the cutting teeth 103 are disposed on the drill rod 104 and located on the drill rod 104 The lower end of the drill pipe 104 is set in the drilling through a drilling support 4 . The drill body 101 , the cutter head 102 and the cutting teeth 103 and other components are integrally arranged through the drill rod 104 to form an independent integrated drill assembly 1 , so that the various parts of the device can be modularized.
本发明中的微波破岩钻井装置，包括集成钻头组件1、微波发生组件2和射水除尘组件3。根据PDC钻头的设计原理，三块刀盘102均匀布置在钻头上，微波发射孔201以及射水孔301均匀布置在刀盘102间隙中，钻头内部布置波导管203以及水管306，钻头外通过管道接连微波发生装置与射水除尘装置。The microwave rock breaking drilling device in the present invention includes an integrated drill bit assembly 1 , a microwave generating assembly 2 and a water jet dust removal assembly 3 . According to the design principle of the PDC bit, the three cutter heads 102 are evenly arranged on the drill bit, the microwave emitting holes 201 and the water jetting holes 301 are evenly arranged in the gap of the cutter head 102, the waveguide 203 and the water pipe 306 are arranged inside the drill bit, and the outside of the drill bit is connected by pipes. Microwave generator and water jet dust removal device.
微波发生组件2包括外置的基础微波设备，由微波源202、波导管203、环形器204、水负载205以及微波发射棒206组成。所述微波源202一端与波导管203连接，波导管203将微波传递至水负载205、环形器204，环形器204一端连接微波发射棒206发射微波作用于岩石。其中微波源202由磁控管组成；微波发射棒206由内导体、外导体以及微波发射头组成，微波由内导体引出并由微波发射头引出作用岩石；所述微波发射头材料为石英等透波材料。The microwave generating assembly 2 includes an external basic microwave device, which is composed of a microwave source 202 , a waveguide 203 , a circulator 204 , a water load 205 and a microwave emitting rod 206 . One end of the microwave source 202 is connected to a waveguide 203, and the waveguide 203 transmits microwaves to a water load 205 and a circulator 204, and one end of the circulator 204 is connected to a microwave emitting rod 206 to emit microwaves to act on the rock. The microwave source 202 is composed of a magnetron; the microwave emitting rod 206 is composed of an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a microwave emitting head. wave material.
本发明中的微波破岩钻井装置，可根据钻探区域岩石的硬度来合理使用其功能，当 岩石硬度较小时可仅钻头刀盘102的机械切削作用直接进行破岩；当岩石硬度较大时，可以打开微波发生装置对硬岩进行微波加热软化的同时，配合钻具的机械切削作用一同进行破岩钻进作业；当岩石硬度极大，钻具难以破岩推进严重影响其工作效率时，可以停止钻头作业，打开微波发射装置，对于硬岩进行微波作用，快速降低岩石的力学性能，再启用钻具进行破岩。The microwave rock-breaking drilling device in the present invention can reasonably use its function according to the hardness of the rock in the drilling area. When the rock hardness is small, only the mechanical cutting action of the drill head 102 can directly break the rock; when the rock hardness is high, The microwave generating device can be turned on to soften the hard rock by microwave heating, and the rock-breaking drilling operation can be performed together with the mechanical cutting action of the drilling tool. Stop the drill bit operation, turn on the microwave transmitting device, perform microwave action on the hard rock, quickly reduce the mechanical properties of the rock, and then start the drilling tool to break the rock.
射水除尘装置由水箱302、水压控制器303、流量计304以及水管306组成。所述水箱302通过水管306与水压控制器303连接，水压控制器303通过水管306与流量计304连接，通过流量计304的示数显示，可以对水流压力和流量进行控制。在灰尘较大或者作用面温度较高时，可开启射水装置进行除尘降温，同时可增强岩石吸波能力，增大微波作用效果。The water jet dust removal device is composed of a water tank 302 , a water pressure controller 303 , a flow meter 304 and a water pipe 306 . The water tank 302 is connected to the water pressure controller 303 through the water pipe 306, and the water pressure controller 303 is connected to the flow meter 304 through the water pipe 306. The flow pressure and flow can be controlled through the display of the flow meter 304. When the dust is large or the temperature of the action surface is high, the water jet device can be turned on to remove dust and cool down, and at the same time, it can enhance the wave-absorbing ability of the rock and increase the effect of microwave action.
综上所述，本发明提供了一种微波破岩钻井装置，包括集成钻头组件1、微波发生装置和射水除尘装置；微波发生装置主要由微波源202、波导管203、水负载205、环形器204、微波发射棒206组成，利用其产生的微波作用硬岩，改变岩石力学特性，起到软化岩石、辅助破岩的作用；射水除尘装置由水箱302、水压控制器303、流量计304、水管306组成，具有除尘降温、增强岩石吸波能力，加大微波作用效果的功能。在深部岩石钻探破碎过程中，由于岩石的硬度大，容易导致钻头刀具磨损严重，降低作业效率以及钻井成本激增等问题，因而亟需对传统钻井设备进行升级改造，通过引入新型微波辅助破岩装置，利用微波作用的体加热、无需传热介质、升温快以及效率高等优势，作用于硬岩时使岩石强度减弱，可大大提高破岩效率，减少设备磨损，降低钻井成本。In summary, the present invention provides a microwave rock-breaking drilling device, including an integrated drill bit assembly 1, a microwave generating device and a water jet dust removal device; the microwave generating device is mainly composed of a microwave source 202, a waveguide 203, a water load 205, and a circulator. 204. Composed of microwave emission rods 206, the microwaves generated by them are used to act on hard rock, change the mechanical properties of the rock, and play the role of softening the rock and assisting in breaking the rock; the water jet dust removal device consists of a water tank 302, a water pressure controller 303, a flow meter 304, The water pipe is composed of 306, which has the functions of removing dust and cooling, enhancing the ability of rock to absorb waves, and increasing the effect of microwave. In the process of deep rock drilling and breaking, due to the high hardness of the rock, it is easy to cause serious wear of the drill bit, reduce the operation efficiency and increase the drilling cost. Therefore, it is urgent to upgrade the traditional drilling equipment. By introducing a new type of microwave-assisted rock breaking device , Using the advantages of microwave heating, no heat transfer medium, fast heating and high efficiency, when it acts on hard rock, the strength of the rock is weakened, which can greatly improve the rock breaking efficiency, reduce equipment wear, and reduce drilling costs.
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or transformations can be made according to the above descriptions, and all these improvements and transformations should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，包括：A microwave rock-breaking drilling device is characterized in that, comprising:
    集成钻头组件，所述集成钻头组件包括钻头本体、刀盘和切削齿，所述刀盘和所述切削齿设置于所述钻头本体上；an integrated drill bit assembly, the integrated drill bit assembly includes a drill bit body, a cutter head and cutting teeth, the cutter head and the cutting teeth are arranged on the drill bit body;
    微波发生组件，所述微波发生组件包括微波发射孔，所述微波发射孔位于所述钻头本体上并与外界连通；a microwave generating assembly, the microwave generating assembly includes a microwave emitting hole, and the microwave emitting hole is located on the drill bit body and communicates with the outside world;
    射水除尘组件，所述射水除尘组件包括射水孔，所述射水孔位于所述钻头本体上并与外界连通。The water jet dust removal assembly includes a water jet hole, and the water jet hole is located on the drill bit body and communicated with the outside world.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述钻头本体的横截面为圆形，所述刀盘设置有若干个，若干所述刀盘沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体上，所述切削齿设置于所述刀盘上；The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the drill bit body is circular, a plurality of the cutter discs are provided, and a plurality of the cutter discs are arranged equidistantly along the circumferential direction on the drill body, the cutting teeth are arranged on the cutter head;
    所述微波发射孔设置有若干个，若干所述微波发射孔沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体上，单个所述微波发射孔位于相邻两个所述刀盘之间；The microwave emitting holes are provided with several, and the microwave emitting holes are arranged on the drill body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single microwave emitting hole is located between two adjacent cutter heads;
    所述射水孔设置有若干个，若干所述射水孔沿周向等距设置于所述钻头本体上，单个所述射水孔位于相邻两个所述刀盘之间。A plurality of the water jetting holes are provided, and the plurality of the water jetting holes are arranged on the drill bit body at equal distances in the circumferential direction, and a single water jetting hole is located between two adjacent cutter heads.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述微波发射孔与所述钻头本体横截面的圆心之间的距离大于所述射水孔与所述钻头本体横截面的圆心之间的距离。The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the microwave emitting hole and the center of the cross section of the drill bit body is greater than the distance between the water jetting hole and the cross section of the drill bit body The distance between the centers of the circles.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述刀盘、所述微波发射孔和所述射水孔分别设置有三个。A microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, there are three said cutter head, said microwave emitting hole and said water jetting hole respectively.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述微波发生组件还包括微波源、波导管、环形器、水负载以及微波发射棒；The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the microwave generating assembly further comprises a microwave source, a waveguide, a circulator, a water load and a microwave emitting rod;
    所述微波源通过所述波导管与所述环形器相连接，所述环形器通过所述波导管与所述微波发射棒相连接，所述微波发射棒与所述微波发射孔相连通；所述水负载与所述环形器相连接。The microwave source is connected with the circulator through the waveguide, the circulator is connected with the microwave emitting rod through the waveguide, and the microwave emitting rod is communicated with the microwave emitting hole; The water load is connected to the circulator.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述微波源、所述环形器和所述水负载集成设置成一微波发生设备，所述微波发射棒位于所述微波发生组 件上，所述微波发生设备与所述微波发射棒之间通过所述波导管相连接。The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 5, wherein the microwave source, the circulator and the water load are integrated into a microwave generating device, and the microwave emitting rod is located in the microwave generating device. On the assembly, the microwave generating device and the microwave emitting rod are connected through the waveguide.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述微波发生设备与所述微波发射棒之间的所述微波发射棒包括内导体、外导体以及微波发射头，所述外导体同轴套设于所述内导体的外侧，所述微波发射头位于远离所述波导管的一端；The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 5, wherein the microwave emitting rod between the microwave generating equipment and the microwave emitting rod comprises an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a microwave emitting head, The outer conductor is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner conductor, and the microwave emitting head is located at one end away from the waveguide;
    所述微波发射头和所述微波发射孔之间设置有玻璃钢。FRP is arranged between the microwave emitting head and the microwave emitting hole.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述射水除尘组件还包括水箱、水压控制器、流量计、转换接头以及水管；The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the water jet dust removal assembly further comprises a water tank, a water pressure controller, a flow meter, an adapter and a water pipe;
    所述水箱通过所述水管与所述水压控制器相连通过，所述水压控制器通过所述水管与所述流量计相连通，所述流量计通过所述水管所述转换接头相连通，所述转换接头与所述射水孔相连通。The water tank is connected with the water pressure controller through the water pipe, the water pressure controller is communicated with the flowmeter through the water pipe, and the flowmeter is communicated with the conversion joint through the water pipe, The conversion joint is communicated with the water jetting hole.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述水箱、所述水压控制器、所述流量计以及所述转换接头集成设置成一射水除尘设备，所述射水除尘设备与所述射水孔之间通过水管相连通。The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 8, wherein the water tank, the water pressure controller, the flow meter and the conversion joint are integrated into a water jet dust removal device, and the water jet dust removal device The equipment is communicated with the water jetting holes through a water pipe.
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的一种微波破岩钻井装置，其特征在于，所述集成钻头组件还包括钻杆，所述钻头本体、所述刀盘和所述切削齿设置于所述钻杆上且位于所述钻杆的下端；所述钻杆通过一钻井支架设置于钻井内。The microwave rock-breaking drilling device according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the integrated drill bit assembly further comprises a drill pipe, and the drill bit body, the cutter head and the cutting teeth are arranged on the The drill pipe is located on the lower end of the drill pipe; the drill pipe is arranged in the drilling hole through a drilling support.
PCT/CN2021/106040 2020-12-17 2021-07-13 Microwave rock breaking drilling device WO2022127090A1 (en)

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