WO2022126889A1

WO2022126889A1 - Optical switch, optical network, and optical chip

Info

Publication number: WO2022126889A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/082183
Authority: WO
Inventors: 崔乃迪; 欧阳伯灵; 梁宇鑫; 冯俊波; 郭进
Original assignee: 联合微电子中心有限责任公司
Priority date: 2020-12-18
Filing date: 2021-03-22
Publication date: 2022-06-23
Also published as: CN114647034B; CN114647034A

Abstract

An optical switch (200), an optical network (620), and an optical chip (600). The optical switch (200) comprises a first basic optical switch (220), a second basic optical switch (230), and four ports. The first basic optical switch (220) and the second basic optical switch (230) each comprise two first ports (222, 224, 232, 234) and two second ports (226, 228, 236, 238). The four ports comprise one of the two first ports (222, 224) of the first basic optical switch (220), one of the two second ports (226, 228) of the first basic optical switch (220), and two selected ports among the two first ports (232, 234) and the two second ports (236, 238) of the second basic optical switch (230). The two selected ports are the two first ports (232, 234) of the second basic optical switch (230) or the two second ports (236, 238) of the second basic optical switch (230). The first basic optical switch (220) and the second basic optical switch (230) are configured to deliver an optical signal (210) input to any one of the four ports to one or more of the remaining ports among the four ports.

Description

光开关、光网络和光芯片Optical Switches, Optical Networks and Optical Chips

相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

本公开要求于2020年12月18日提交的中国专利申请第202011513522.3号的优先权，该专利申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。The present disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202011513522.3 filed on Dec. 18, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

技术领域technical field

本公开涉及光子集成领域，特别是涉及一种光开关、光网络和光芯片。The present disclosure relates to the field of photonic integration, and in particular, to an optical switch, an optical network and an optical chip.

背景技术Background technique

光子集成产业目前处于大规模集成的起步阶段，同集成电路产业发展历程一样，光子集成领域迫切需要一种可以推动光子集成产业快速发展的可编程光芯片产品。可编程光芯片在光通信、光子人工智能、微波光子、光量子计算、光传感等领域都有着大量潜在应用。与目前主流的开发定制化光器件相比，可编程光芯片可大幅减少设计周期并快速投入使用，这将提高设计研发效率、提高装备开发以及生产效率。The photonic integration industry is currently in the initial stage of large-scale integration. Like the development of the integrated circuit industry, the field of photonic integration urgently needs a programmable optical chip product that can promote the rapid development of the photonic integration industry. Programmable optical chips have a large number of potential applications in optical communication, photonic artificial intelligence, microwave photonics, optical quantum computing, optical sensing and other fields. Compared with the current mainstream development of customized optical devices, programmable optical chips can greatly reduce the design cycle and be put into use quickly, which will improve the efficiency of design and development, equipment development and production.

在相关技术中，基于电子集成芯片的发展思路，已经开展了可编程光器件及光网络的研究并提出了一些基本架构。其中一些基本架构能够在单个网络晶格内部通过光开关实现环形路径传输光信号；另一些能够利用复杂构型实现环路和直通等操作。然而，在光子集成领域开发新型光开关以及新型的光网络构型还有很大的提高空间。In related technologies, based on the development idea of electronic integrated chips, researches on programmable optical devices and optical networks have been carried out and some basic architectures have been proposed. Some of these basic architectures enable the transmission of optical signals in a ring path through optical switches within a single network lattice; others enable operations such as loop and pass-through using complex configurations. However, there is still much room for improvement in the development of new optical switches and new optical network configurations in the field of photonic integration.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

提供一种缓解、减轻或者甚至消除上述问题中的一个或多个的机制将是有利的。It would be advantageous to provide a mechanism that alleviates, alleviates or even eliminates one or more of the above problems.

根据本公开的一方面，提供了一种光开关，包括第一基本光开关、第二基本光开关和四个端口。第一基本光开关和第二基本光开关中的每一个均包括两个第一端口和两个第二端口。四个端口包括第一基本光开关的两个第一端口中的一个、第一基本光开关的两个第二端口中的一个、以及第二基本光开关的两个第一端口和两个第二端口中的两个选定端口。两个选定端口是第二基本光开关的两个第一端口或第二基本光开关的两个第二端口。第一基本光开关和第二基本光开关被配置使得将输入四个端口中的任一个的光信号递送至四个端口中的其他端口中的一个或多个。According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an optical switch including a first basic optical switch, a second basic optical switch, and four ports. Each of the first basic optical switch and the second basic optical switch includes two first ports and two second ports. The four ports include one of the two first ports of the first basic optical switch, one of the two second ports of the first basic optical switch, and two first ports and two second ports of the second basic optical switch. Two selected ports of two ports. The two selected ports are the two first ports of the second basic optical switch or the two second ports of the second basic optical switch. The first basic optical switch and the second basic optical switch are configured such that optical signals input to any of the four ports are delivered to one or more of the other ports of the four ports.

根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种光网络，包括多个光开关和多条波导。每个光开关包括一个本公开的光开关的实施例。多个光开关之间通过多条波导连接。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an optical network including a plurality of optical switches and a plurality of waveguides. Each optical switch includes one embodiment of the optical switch of the present disclosure. A plurality of optical switches are connected through a plurality of waveguides.

根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种光芯片，包括如上所述的光网络和多个端口，所述多个端口连接到所述光网络以使得光信号能够通过所述多个端口进入或离开所述光网络。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an optical chip comprising an optical network as described above and a plurality of ports, the plurality of ports being connected to the optical network such that optical signals can enter through the plurality of ports or leave the optical network.

根据在下文中所描述的实施例，本公开的这些和其它方面将是清楚明白的，并且将参考在下文中所描述的实施例而被阐明。These and other aspects of the present disclosure will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

附图说明Description of drawings

在下面结合附图对于示例性实施例的描述中，本公开的更多细节、特征和优点被公开，在附图中：Further details, features and advantages of the present disclosure are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

图1A至1C是相关技术中的光开关和光网络的示意图；1A to 1C are schematic diagrams of optical switches and optical networks in the related art;

图2是根据本公开示例性实施例的光开关的结构的示意性视图；2 is a schematic view of the structure of an optical switch according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

图3A至3C是根据本公开示例性实施例的光开关的结构及光信号在其中传输路线的示意性视图；3A to 3C are schematic views of a structure of an optical switch and a transmission route of an optical signal therein according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

图4是根据本公开示例性实施例的光网络的结构的示意性视图；4 is a schematic view of the structure of an optical network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

图5是根据本公开示例性实施例的光网络的结构及光信号在其中传输路线的示意性视图；5 is a schematic view of a structure of an optical network and a transmission route of an optical signal therein according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

图6是根据本公开示例性实施例的光芯片的示意图。6 is a schematic diagram of an optical chip according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

将理解的是，尽管术语第一、第二、第三等等在本文中可以用来描述各种元件、部件、区、层和/或部分，但是这些元件、部件、区、层和/或部分不应当由这些术语限制。这些术语仅用来将一个元件、部件、区、层或部分与另一个元件、部件、区、层或部分相区分。因此，下面讨论的第一元件、部件、区、层或部分可以被称为第二元件、部件、区、层或部分而不偏离本公开的教导。It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or Sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

诸如“在…下面”、“在…之下”、“较下”、“在…下方”、“在…之上”、“较上”等等之类的空间相对术语在本文中可以为了便于描述而用来描述如图中所图示的一个元件或特征与另一个(些)元件或特征的关系。将理解的是，这些空间相对术语意图涵盖除了图中描绘的取向之外在使用或操作中的器件的不同取向。例如，如果翻转图中的器件，那么被描述为“在其他元件或特征之下”或“在其他元件或特征下面”或“在其他元件或特征下方”的元件将取向为“在其他元件或特征之上”。因此，示例性术语“在…之下”和“在…下方”可以涵盖在…之上和在…之下的取向两者。诸如“在…之前”或“在…前”和“在…之后”或“接着是”之类的术语可以类似地例如用来指示光穿过元件所依的次序。器件可以取向为其他方式(旋转90度或以其他取向)并且相应地解释本文中使用的空间相对描述符。另外，还将理解的是，当层被称为“在两个层之间”时，其可以是在该两个层之间的唯一的层，或者也可以存在一个或多个中间层。Spatially relative terms such as "below", "below", "lower", "below", "above", "above", etc. may be used herein for convenience Description is used to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "under the other elements or features" above the characteristics". Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "under" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Terms such as "before" or "before" and "after" or "followed by" may similarly be used, for example, to indicate the order in which light travels through elements. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. In addition, it will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.

本文中使用的术语仅出于描述特定实施例的目的并且不意图限制本公开。如本文中使用的，单数形式“一个”、“一”和“该”意图也包括复数形式，除非上下文清楚地另有指示。将进一步理解的是，术语“包括”和/或“包含”当在本说明书中使用时指定所述及特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但不排除一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其群组的存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其群组。如本文中使用的，术语“和/或”包括相关联的列出项目中的一个或多个的任意和全部组合，并且短语“A和B中的至少一个”是指仅A、仅B、或A和B两者。The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification designate the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or parts, but do not exclude one or more The presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, of other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and the phrase "at least one of A and B" means A only, B only, or both A and B.

将理解的是，当元件或层被称为“在另一个元件或层上”、“连接到另一个元件或层”、“耦合到另一个元件或层”或“邻近另一个元件或层”时，其可以直接在另一个元件或层上、直接连接到另一个元件或层、直接耦合到另一个元件或层或者直接邻近另一个元件或层，或者可以存在中间元件或层。相反，当元件被称为“直接在另一个元件或层上”、“直接连接到另一个元件或层”、“直接耦合到另一个元件或层”、“直接邻近另一个元件或层”时，没有中间元件或层存在。然而，在任何情况下“在…上”或“直接在…上”都不应当被解释为要求一个层完全覆盖下面的层。It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," "coupled to," or "adjacent to another element or layer" When present, it may be directly on, directly connected to, directly coupled to, or directly adjacent to another element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," "directly coupled to," "directly adjacent to" another element or layer , with no intervening elements or layers present. However, in no case should "on" or "directly on" be interpreted as requiring a layer to completely cover the layer below.

本文中参考本公开的理想化实施例的示意性图示(以及中间结构)描述本公开的实施例。正因为如此，应预期例如作为制造技术和/或公差的结果而对于图示形状的变化。因此，本公开的实施例不应当被解释为限于本文中图示的区的特定形状，而应包括例如由于制造导致的形状偏差。因此，图中图示的区本质上是示意性的，并且其形状不意图图示器件的区的实际形状并且不意图限制本公开的范围。Embodiments of the disclosure are described herein with reference to schematic illustrations (and intermediate structures) of idealized embodiments of the disclosure. As such, variations to the shapes of the illustrations are to be expected, eg, as a result of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances. Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of the regions illustrated herein, but are to include deviations in shapes due, for example, to manufacturing. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

除非另有定义，本文中使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)具有与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员所通常理解的相同含义。将进一步理解的是，诸如那些在通常使用的字典中定义的之类的术语应当被解释为具有与其在相关领域和/或本说明书上下文中的含义相一致的含义，并且将不在理想化或过于正式的意义上进行解释，除非本文中明确地如此定义。Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the relevant art and/or the context of this specification, and will not be idealized or overly interpreted in a formal sense, unless expressly defined as such herein.

如本文使用的，术语“衬底”可以表示经切割的晶圆的衬底，或者可以指示未经切割的晶圆的衬底。类似地，术语芯片和裸片(die)可以互换使用，除非这种互换会引起冲突。应当理解，术语“层”包括薄膜，除非另有说明，否则不应当解释为指示垂直或水平厚度。As used herein, the term "substrate" may refer to the substrate of a diced wafer, or may refer to the substrate of an un-diced wafer. Similarly, the terms chip and die may be used interchangeably unless such interchange would cause a conflict. It should be understood that the term "layer" includes films and should not be construed to indicate vertical or horizontal thickness unless otherwise specified.

在相关技术中，已经提出了一些可编程光器件及光网络的基本架构。其中，方格网络型架构以及蜂窝型架构由于强大的可编程特性，是现阶段应用比较广泛的结构类型。In the related art, some basic architectures of programmable optical devices and optical networks have been proposed. Among them, the grid network architecture and the cellular architecture are the most widely used structure types at this stage due to their powerful programmable characteristics.

图1A至1C是相关技术中的光开关和光网络的示意图。参照图1A，示出了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型光开关100A的基本结构。MZI型光开关100A包括用于输入或输出光信号110的四个端口120、130、140和150、两个定向耦合器160以及一对电极170。对于输入到端口120或130的光信号110，经过定向耦合器160以及加在电极170上的控制电压，可以递送到端口140和端口150中的一个或两个。然而，MZI型光开关100A无法将输入到端口120的光信号110递送到端口130，反之亦然。1A to 1C are schematic diagrams of optical switches and optical networks in the related art. Referring to FIG. 1A , the basic structure of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) type optical switch 100A is shown. The MZI-type optical switch 100A includes four

ports

120 , 130 , 140 and 150 for inputting or outputting an optical signal 110 , two directional couplers 160 , and a pair of electrodes 170 . For optical signal 110 input to port 120 or 130, through directional coupler 160 and a control voltage applied to electrode 170, it may be delivered to one or both of port 140 and port 150. However, the MZI-type optical switch 100A cannot deliver the optical signal 110 input to the port 120 to the port 130 and vice versa.

光开关100A’是MZI型光开关100A的简化图，其相似的附图标记表示与100A相似的元件。同样地，光开关100A’具有单向导通特性，即，输入到端口120的光信号仅能递送到端口140和端口150中一个或两个，而无法递送到端口130。Optical switch 100A' is a simplified diagram of an MZI-type optical switch 100A, with like reference numerals denoting like elements of 100A. Likewise, the optical switch 100A' has a unidirectional conduction characteristic, that is, the optical signal input to the port 120 can only be delivered to one or both of the port 140 and the port 150, but cannot be delivered to the port 130.

图1B是相关技术中方格型光网络100B的结构示意图，其相似的附图标记表示与图1A中相似的元件。如图1B所示，方格型光网络100B包括光开关100A’、波导180和波导190。光网络100B能够实现单个方格内部的环形传输光信号。然而，由于光开关100A’的单向导通特性，光网络100B无法实现方格与方格之间的横向传输。当光信号110传输到光网络100B中与波导180连接的一个光开关100A’的一个端口，光开关100A’仅能将光信号110递送到另一端的两个端口，而无法递送到与波导190连接的端口。因此，光信号110在方格型光网络100B中无法实现横向传输。FIG. 1B is a schematic structural diagram of a lattice-type optical network 100B in the related art, and similar reference numerals denote similar elements to those in FIG. 1A . As shown in FIG. 1B , the lattice-type optical network 100B includes an optical switch 100A', a waveguide 180, and a waveguide 190. The optical network 100B can realize circular transmission of optical signals inside a single grid. However, due to the one-way conduction characteristic of the optical switch 100A', the optical network 100B cannot realize the lateral transmission between the grids. When the optical signal 110 is transmitted to one port of an optical switch 100A' connected to the waveguide 180 in the optical network 100B, the optical switch 100A' can only deliver the optical signal 110 to two ports at the other end, but cannot deliver the optical signal 110 to the two ports connected to the waveguide 190 port to connect to. Therefore, the optical signal 110 cannot achieve lateral transmission in the lattice optical network 100B.

图1C是相关技术中蜂窝型光网络100C的结构示意图，其相似的附图标记表示与图1A和图1B中相似的元件。如图1C所示，蜂窝型光网络100C可以实现光信号在环路以及直通上的传输。然而该构型结构复杂，所需的光开关100A’数量较多。因此蜂窝型光网络的功耗和器件损耗难以控制，并且逻辑控制难度也增大。FIG. 1C is a schematic structural diagram of a cellular optical network 100C in the related art, and similar reference numerals denote similar elements to those in FIGS. 1A and 1B . As shown in FIG. 1C , the cellular optical network 100C can realize the transmission of optical signals in the loop and through. However, this configuration is complicated in structure and requires a large number of optical switches 100A'. Therefore, the power consumption and device loss of the cellular optical network are difficult to control, and the difficulty of logic control also increases.

图2是根据本公开示例性实施例的光开关200的结构的示意性视图。如图2所示，光开关200可以包括第一基本光开关220、第二基本光开关230以及四个端口202、204、206和208。第一基本光开关220可以包括两个第一端口222和224以及两个第二端口226和228。第二基本光开关230可以包括两个第一端口232和234以及两个第二端口236和238。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an optical switch 200 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2 , the optical switch 200 may include a first basic optical switch 220 , a second basic optical switch 230 , and four

ports

202 , 204 , 206 and 208 . The first basic optical switch 220 may include two

first ports

222 and 224 and two

second ports

226 and 228 . The second basic optical switch 230 may include two

first ports

232 and 234 and two

second ports

236 and 238 .

光开关200的四个端口202、204、206和208可以包括第一基本光开关220的两个第一端口222和224中的一个、第一基本光开关220的两个第二端口226和228中的一个、以及第二基本光开关230的两个第一端口232和234与两个第二端口236和238中的两个选定端口。该两个选定端口可以是第二基本光开关230的两个第一端口232和234，或者是第二基本光开关230的两个第二端口236和238。The four

ports

202 , 204 , 206 and 208 of the optical switch 200 may include one of the two

first ports

222 and 224 of the first basic optical switch 220 , the two

second ports

226 and 228 of the first basic optical switch 220 and two selected ports of the two

first ports

232 and 234 and the two

second ports

236 and 238 of the second basic optical switch 230 . The two selected ports may be the two

first ports

232 and 234 of the second basic optical switch 230 or the two

second ports

236 and 238 of the second basic optical switch 230 .

示例性地，光开关200的四个端口202、204、206和208可以分别是端口222、端口236、端口226和端口238。应当理解的是，光开关200的四个端口202、204、206和208还可以是第一基本光开关220的端口和第二基本光开关230的端口的其他组合，在此不再赘述。Illustratively, the four

ports

202, 204, 206, and 208 of the optical switch 200 may be port 222, port 236, port 226, and port 238, respectively. It should be understood that the four

ports

202 , 204 , 206 and 208 of the optical switch 200 may also be other combinations of the ports of the first basic optical switch 220 and the ports of the second basic optical switch 230 , which will not be repeated here.

第一基本光开关220和第二基本光开关230可以被配置为使得将输入到光开关200的四个端口202、204、206和208中的任一个的光信号210递送至四个端口202、204、206和208中的其他端口中的一个或多个。The first basic optical switch 220 and the second basic optical switch 230 may be configured such that optical signals 210 input to any of the four

ports

202, 204, 206, and 208 of the optical switch 200 are delivered to the four

ports

202, 204, 206, and 208. One or more of the

other ports

204 , 206 and 208 .

在本公开一些示例性实施例中，光信号210从端口202输入到第一基本光开关220。第一基本光开关220可以操作以将光信号210递送至端口226，从而实现由光开关200的端口206输出。可选地，第一基本光开关220还可以操作以将光信号210递送至第二基本光开关230。第二基本光开关230可以操作以将光信号210递送至端口236和238中一个或两个，从而实现由光开关200的端口204和208中一个或两个输出。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical signal 210 is input from the port 202 to the first basic optical switch 220 . The first basic optical switch 220 is operable to deliver the optical signal 210 to the port 226 for output by the port 206 of the optical switch 200 . Optionally, the first basic optical switch 220 is also operable to deliver the optical signal 210 to the second basic optical switch 230 . The second basic optical switch 230 is operable to deliver the optical signal 210 to one or both of the

ports

236 and 238 for output by one or both of the

ports

204 and 208 of the optical switch 200 .

在本公开一些示例性实施例中，第一基本光开关220可以是例如图1A所示的具有单向导通特性的光开关。第一基本光开关220还可以被配置为执行以下操作：将从第一基本光开关220的两个第一端口222和224中的任一个输入的光信号210递送至第一基本光开关220的两个第二端口226和228中的一个或两个，或者将从第一基本光开关220的两个第二端口226和228中的任一个输入的光信号210递送至第一基本光开关220的两个第一端口222和224中的一个或两个。第二基本光开关230还可以被配置为执行以下操作：将从第二基本光开关230的两个第一端口232和234中的任一个输入的光信号210递送至第二基本光开关230的两个第二端口236和238中的一个或两个，或者将从第二基本光开关230的两个第二端口236和238中的任一个输入的光信号210递送至第二基本光开关230的两个第一端口232和234中的一个或两个。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first basic optical switch 220 may be, for example, an optical switch having a unidirectional conduction characteristic as shown in FIG. 1A . The first basic optical switch 220 may also be configured to perform the following operations: deliver the optical signal 210 input from either of the two

first ports

222 and 224 of the first basic optical switch 220 to the first basic optical switch 220 One or both of the two

second ports

226 and 228 , or the optical signal 210 input from either of the two

second ports

226 and 228 of the first basic optical switch 220 is delivered to the first basic optical switch 220 one or both of the two

first ports

222 and 224. The second basic optical switch 230 may also be configured to perform the operation of delivering the optical signal 210 input from either of the two

first ports

232 and 234 of the second basic optical switch 230 to the second basic optical switch 230 One or both of the two

second ports

236 and 238 , or the optical signal 210 input from either of the two

second ports

236 and 238 of the second basic optical switch 230 is delivered to the second basic optical switch 230 one or both of the two

first ports

232 and 234.

在本公开的一些示例性实施例中，光开关200可以进一步包括第一波导240和第二波导250。示例性地，第一基本光开关220的两个第一端口222和224中的另一个端口224与第二基本光开关230的两个第一端口232和234及两个第二端口236和238中除两个选定端口236和238之外的一个端口(即端口232和234中的一个)，可以通过第一光波导240连接。示例性地，第一基本光开关220的两个第二端口226和228中的另一个端口228与第二基本光开关230的两个第一端口232和234及两个第二端口236和238中除两个选定端口236和238之外的另一个端口(即端口232和234中的另一个)，可以通过第二光波导250连接。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical switch 200 may further include a first waveguide 240 and a second waveguide 250 . Illustratively, the other port 224 of the two

first ports

222 and 224 of the first basic optical switch 220 and the two

first ports

232 and 234 and the two

second ports

236 and 238 of the second basic optical switch 230 One of the ports other than the two selected ports 236 and 238 (ie, one of ports 232 and 234 ) may be connected through the first optical waveguide 240 . Illustratively, the other port 228 of the two

second ports

226 and 228 of the first basic optical switch 220 and the two

first ports

232 and 234 and the two

second ports

236 and 238 of the second basic optical switch 230 The other port (ie, the other of the ports 232 and 234 ) in addition to the two selected

ports

236 and 238 , may be connected by a second optical waveguide 250 .

在图2的示例中，端口224与端口232通过第一光波导240连接，并且端口228与端口234通过第二光波导250连接。In the example of FIG. 2 , port 224 and port 232 are connected by a first optical waveguide 240 , and port 228 and port 234 are connected by a second optical waveguide 250 .

综上所述，光开关200可以是包括具有单向导通特性的第一光开关220和第二光开关230。光信号210可以从光开关200的端口202输入到第一光开关220。第一光开关220可以将光信号210递送至端口226和端口228中的一个或两个，从而实现光开关200的端口206的输出。此外，由于端口228与端口234相连，被递送至端口228的光信号210可以经由端口234输入到第二光开关230。第二光开关230能够将输入到端口234的光信号210递送至端口236和端口238中的一个或两个，从而由此实现光开关200的其他两个端口204和208的输出。因此，根据本公开示例性实施例的光开关可以实现四个端口中的任意两个端口的导通，从而解决在具有单向导通性的光开关中光信号无法在任意两个端口中导通的问题。To sum up, the optical switch 200 may include the first optical switch 220 and the second optical switch 230 having unidirectional conduction characteristics. The optical signal 210 may be input to the first optical switch 220 from the port 202 of the optical switch 200 . The first optical switch 220 may deliver the optical signal 210 to one or both of the port 226 and the port 228 , thereby enabling the output of the port 206 of the optical switch 200 . Furthermore, since the port 228 is connected to the port 234 , the optical signal 210 delivered to the port 228 may be input to the second optical switch 230 via the port 234 . The second optical switch 230 is capable of delivering the optical signal 210 input to the port 234 to one or both of the

ports

236 and 238 , thereby enabling the output of the other two

ports

204 and 208 of the optical switch 200 . Therefore, the optical switch according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can realize the conduction of any two ports among the four ports, so as to solve the problem that the optical signal cannot be conducted in any two ports in the optical switch with unidirectional conductivity The problem.

图3A至3C是根据本公开示例性实施例的光开关300的结构及光信号310在其中的传输路径的示意性视图。根据本公开的一些示例性实施例，第一基本光开关和第二基本光开关中的每一个可以是马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型光开关或机械式光开关。如图3A所示，光开关300包括MZI型第一基本光开关320和MZI型第二基本光开关330。第一基本光开关320可以包括四个端口322、324、326和328。第二基本光开关330可以包括四个端口332、334、336和338。其中端口322、336、326和338分别可以对应光开关300的端口302、304、306和308。3A to 3C are schematic views of a structure of an optical switch 300 and a transmission path of an optical signal 310 therein according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. According to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the first fundamental optical switch and the second fundamental optical switch may be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) type optical switch or a mechanical optical switch. As shown in FIG. 3A , the optical switch 300 includes an MZI-type first basic optical switch 320 and an MZI-type second basic optical switch 330 . The first basic optical switch 320 may include four

ports

322 , 324 , 326 and 328 . The second basic optical switch 330 may include four

ports

332 , 334 , 336 and 338 . The

ports

322 , 336 , 326 and 338 may correspond to the

ports

302 , 304 , 306 and 308 of the optical switch 300 respectively.

图3A示出了根据本公开的实施例的光开关300中，光信号310首先输入到第一基本光开关320时的传输路径。如图3A所示，光信号310由第一基本光开关320的一个端口302输入，第一基本光开关320可以将光信号310递送至端口306作为输出。第一基本光开关320还可以将光信号310递送至端口328，并递送至第二基本光开关330的端口334。第二基本光开关330进而可以将光信号310递送至端口304和308作为输出。3A shows a transmission path when the optical signal 310 is first input to the first basic optical switch 320 in the optical switch 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3A, an optical signal 310 is input by one port 302 of a first basic optical switch 320, which can deliver the optical signal 310 to port 306 as an output. The first basic optical switch 320 may also deliver the optical signal 310 to port 328 and to port 334 of the second basic optical switch 330 . The second basic optical switch 330, in turn, can deliver the optical signal 310 to

ports

304 and 308 as outputs.

示例性地，光信号310的一部分可以递送至端口306输出。同时，光信号310的另一部分可以递送至端口328，并且经由第二基本光开关330，可以从端口304和308中的一个或两个端口输出。Illustratively, a portion of the optical signal 310 may be delivered to the port 306 output. At the same time, another portion of the optical signal 310 may be delivered to port 328 and, via a second basic optical switch 330, may be output from one or both of

ports

304 and 308.

图3B示出了根据如图3A同一示例性实施例的光开关300中，光信号310首先输入到第二基本光开关330时的传输路径。图3B中相似的附图标记表示与图3A中相似的元件，在此不再赘述。如图3B所示，光信号310由第二基本光开关330的一个端口308输入。第二基本光开关330可以将光信号310递送至端口332或334中的一个或两个。示例性地，光信号310被递送至端口334，从而经由端口328输入到第一基本光开关320。第一基本光开关320可以将光信号310递送至端口302作为输出。第一基本光开关320还可以将光信号310递送至端口324，从而经由端口332输入到第二基本光开关330。经由第二基本光开关330递送，光信号310可以从端口304输出。FIG. 3B shows a transmission path when the optical signal 310 is first input to the second basic optical switch 330 in the optical switch 300 according to the same exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3A . Similar reference numerals in FIG. 3B denote similar elements to those in FIG. 3A , which will not be repeated here. As shown in FIG. 3B , the optical signal 310 is input by one port 308 of the second basic optical switch 330 . The second basic optical switch 330 may deliver the optical signal 310 to one or both of the

ports

332 or 334 . Illustratively, optical signal 310 is delivered to port 334 for input to first basic optical switch 320 via port 328 . The first basic optical switch 320 may deliver the optical signal 310 to the port 302 as an output. The first basic optical switch 320 may also deliver the optical signal 310 to port 324 for input to the second basic optical switch 330 via port 332 . Delivered via the second basic optical switch 330 , the optical signal 310 may be output from the port 304 .

示例性地，光信号310的一部分可以递送至端口302输出，同时，光信号310的另一部分可以递送至端口324，并且经由第二基本光开关330，从端口304输出。即，光信号310可以从端口302和端口304中的一个或两个输出。Illustratively, a portion of optical signal 310 may be delivered to port 302 for output, while another portion of optical signal 310 may be delivered to port 324 and output from port 304 via a second basic optical switch 330 . That is, optical signal 310 may be output from one or both of port 302 and port 304 .

图3C示出了根据如图3A同一示例性实施例的光开关300中，光信号310首先输入到第二基本光开关330时的另一传输路径。图3C中相似的附图标记表示与图3A和图3B中相似的元件，在此不再赘述。与图3B不同的是，如图3C所示，第二基本光开关330将光信号310递送至端口332，从而经由端口324输入到第一基本光开关320。第一基本光开关320可以将光信号310递送至端口306作为输出。FIG. 3C shows another transmission path when the optical signal 310 is first input to the second basic optical switch 330 in the optical switch 300 according to the same exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3A . Similar reference numerals in FIG. 3C denote elements similar to those in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B and will not be repeated here. Unlike FIG. 3B , as shown in FIG. 3C , the second basic optical switch 330 delivers the optical signal 310 to the port 332 for input to the first basic optical switch 320 via the port 324 . The first basic optical switch 320 may deliver the optical signal 310 to the port 306 as an output.

示例性地，光信号310的一部分可以递送至端口306输出。同时，光信号310的另一部分可以递送至端口328，并且经由第二基本光开关330，从端口304输出。即，光信号310可以从端口306和端口304中的一个或两个输出。Illustratively, a portion of the optical signal 310 may be delivered to the port 306 output. Meanwhile, another portion of the optical signal 310 may be delivered to port 328 and output from port 304 via a second basic optical switch 330 . That is, optical signal 310 may be output from one or both of port 306 and port 304 .

综上所述，图3A中从第一基本光开关320的端口输入的光信号310可以实现从光开关300的其他所有端口输出。此外，结合图3B和图3C所示的光信号传输方式，可以实现从第二基本光开关330的端口输入的光信号从光开关300的其他所有端口输出。因此，即使基本光开关为如相关技术中具有单向导通特性的MZI型光开关，本公开的光开关实施例也能够实现其四个端口中的任意两个端口的导通。To sum up, the optical signal 310 input from the port of the first basic optical switch 320 in FIG. 3A can be output from all other ports of the optical switch 300 . In addition, in combination with the optical signal transmission modes shown in FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C , the optical signal input from the port of the second basic optical switch 330 can be output from all other ports of the optical switch 300 . Therefore, even if the basic optical switch is an MZI-type optical switch with unidirectional conduction characteristics as in the related art, the optical switch embodiments of the present disclosure can realize conduction of any two of its four ports.

图4是根据本公开示例性实施例的光网络400的结构的示意性视图。如图4所示，光网络400包括多个光开关420和多条波导。光开关420可以是本公开中描述的光开关的各种示例性实施例。光信号410输入到光网络400，经由光开关420可以实现传输到光网络400的任意端口。FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of an optical network 400 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the optical network 400 includes a plurality of optical switches 420 and a plurality of waveguides. Optical switch 420 may be various exemplary embodiments of the optical switches described in this disclosure. The optical signal 410 is input to the optical network 400 , and can be transmitted to any port of the optical network 400 via the optical switch 420 .

图5是根据本公开示例性实施例的光网络500的结构的示意性视图。如图5所示，光网络500可以包括过个第三基本光开关530和多个光开关520。多个第三基本光开关530中的每一个均可以包括两个第一端口和两个第二端口，并且多个第三基本光开关530可以通过多条波导与多个光开关520中的一部分连接。FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of an optical network 500 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5 , the optical network 500 may include a third basic optical switch 530 and a plurality of optical switches 520 . Each of the plurality of third basic optical switches 530 may include two first ports and two second ports, and the plurality of third basic optical switches 530 may communicate with a portion of the plurality of optical switches 520 through a plurality of waveguides connect.

在本公开的一些示例性实施例中，多个第三基本光开关530的每一个可以被配置为执行以下操作：将从第三基本光开关530的两个第一端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至第三基本光开关530的两个第二端口中的一个或两个，或者将从第三基本光开关530的两个第二端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至第三基本光开关530的两个第一端口中的一个或两个。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of third basic optical switches 530 may be configured to perform the following operations: The optical signal is delivered to one or both of the two second ports of the third basic optical switch 530, or the optical signal input from either of the two second ports of the third basic optical switch 530 is delivered to the third basic optical switch 530. One or both of the two first ports of the basic optical switch 530 .

在本公开的一些示例性实施例中，多个第三基本光开关530可以被布置在光网络500的最***并且包围多个光开关520。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the plurality of third basic optical switches 530 may be arranged at the outermost periphery of the optical network 500 and surround the plurality of optical switches 520 .

在本公开的一些示例性实施例中，光网络500可以为方格型网络。方格型网络包括多个方格单元540，并且多个方格单元中的每一个的四条边上包括多个光开关520中的一个或多个第三基本光开关530中的一个。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical network 500 may be a lattice type network. The grid-type network includes a plurality of grid cells 540, and each of the plurality of grid cells includes one of the plurality of optical switches 520 or one of the plurality of third basic optical switches 530 on four sides.

在本公开的一些示例性实施例中，多个方格单元540中的每个方格单元可以包括多个光开关520中的至少两个。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of square cells 540 may include at least two of the plurality of optical switches 520 .

在本公开的一些示例性实施例中，光信号510可以输入到光网络500中的第三基本光开关530’的一个端口532’。第三基本光开关530’可以将光信号510递送至端口534’。由于光网络500中第三基本光开关530’中的端口534’可以与光开关520’中的端口522’相连，光信号510可以经由端口522’被传输到光开关520’。在如前所述，根据本公开的示例性实施例的光开关520’可以实现其四个端口中的任意两个端口的导通。因此，光开关520’可以将从端口522’输入的光信号510递送至另一端口524’。此外，光开关520’的端口524’可以与第三基本光开关530”的端口532”连接，从而使得光信号510可以经由端口532”传输到第三基本光开关530”。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical signal 510 may be input to one port 532' of the third basic optical switch 530' in the optical network 500. The third basic optical switch 530' may deliver the optical signal 510 to the port 534'. Since the port 534' in the third basic optical switch 530' in the optical network 500 can be connected to the port 522' in the optical switch 520', the optical signal 510 can be transmitted to the optical switch 520' via the port 522'. As mentioned above, the optical switch 520' according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can realize conduction of any two ports among its four ports. Accordingly, the optical switch 520' can deliver the optical signal 510 input from the port 522' to another port 524'. In addition, the port 524' of the optical switch 520' can be connected with the port 532" of the third basic optical switch 530", so that the optical signal 510 can be transmitted to the third basic optical switch 530" via the port 532".

故而，在方格型光网络500中，通过引入光开关520’，可以实现光信号510从端口532’到端口532”的横向传输。这解决了传统方格型网络仅能实现环形路径，无法横向传输的问题。Therefore, in the grid-type optical network 500, by introducing the optical switch 520', the lateral transmission of the optical signal 510 from the port 532' to the port 532" can be realized. This solves the problem that the traditional grid-type network can only implement a ring path, and cannot Lateral transport issues.

此外，在光网络500中，具有单向导通特性的第三基本光开关530可以被布置在光网络500的最***。由于最***的基本光开关不需要向光网络500的外延方向传输光信号，因此将第三基本光开关530布置在光网络500的***也可以实现光信号510在光网络500中的全向导通。Also, in the optical network 500 , the third basic optical switch 530 having a unidirectional conduction characteristic may be arranged at the outermost periphery of the optical network 500 . Since the outermost basic optical switch does not need to transmit optical signals in the extension direction of the optical network 500 , arranging the third basic optical switch 530 on the periphery of the optical network 500 can also realize omnidirectional conduction of the optical signal 510 in the optical network 500 .

示例性地，如图5所示的光网络500构型一共包括9个方格单元540、12个第三基本光开关530和12个光开关520。由于光开关520包括第一基本光开关和第二基本光开关，因此每个光开关520可以等效于包括两个基本光开关。从而图5所示的光网络500可以等效于包括9个方格单元和(12+12×2)＝36个基本光开关。与之相比，相关技术中如图1C所示的蜂窝型光网络100C同样具有9个蜂窝单元，但是它一共需要38个基本光开关。因此本公开的光网络实施例500使用了较少的基本光开关实现光网络的全向导通。Exemplarily, the configuration of the optical network 500 shown in FIG. 5 includes a total of 9 square cells 540 , 12 third basic optical switches 530 and 12 optical switches 520 . Since the optical switches 520 include the first basic optical switch and the second basic optical switch, each optical switch 520 may be equivalent to including two basic optical switches. Therefore, the optical network 500 shown in FIG. 5 can be equivalent to include 9 square cells and (12+12×2)=36 basic optical switches. In contrast, the cellular optical network 100C shown in FIG. 1C in the related art also has 9 cellular units, but it requires a total of 38 basic optical switches. Therefore, the optical network embodiment 500 of the present disclosure uses fewer basic optical switches to realize omnidirectional conduction of the optical network.

综上所述，本公开的光网络的实施例在实现光网络全向导通的同时，相比于传统蜂窝型网络，所需的基本光开关的数量更少，从而在降低功耗、器件损耗以及逻辑控制难度方面更具有优势。To sum up, the embodiments of the optical network of the present disclosure require fewer basic optical switches than traditional cellular networks while realizing omni-directional conduction of the optical network, thereby reducing power consumption and device loss. And the difficulty of logic control is more advantageous.

图6是根据本公开示例性实施例的光芯片600的示意图。如图6所示，光芯片600(例如，光现场可编程门阵列(FPGA))可以包括光网络620。光网络620可以是如图5所示或如本公开所描述的光网络的实施例中的一个，在此不再赘述。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical chip 600 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6 , an optical chip 600 (eg, an optical field programmable gate array (FPGA)) may include an optical network 620 . The optical network 620 may be one of the embodiments of the optical network shown in FIG. 5 or as described in the present disclosure, and details are not described herein again.

光芯片600还可以包括多个端口630。多个端口630连接到光网络620，使得光信号610能够通过多个端口630进入或离开光网络620。 Optical chip 600 may also include a plurality of ports 630 . The plurality of ports 630 are connected to the optical network 620 so that the optical signal 610 can enter or leave the optical network 620 through the plurality of ports 630 .

根据本公开的示例性实施例，光芯片600还可以包括至少一个电光转换器640a。该至少一个电光转换器640a可以用于将从外部设备650接收的电信号660通过电光转换转换成光信号610，并发送经电光转换得到的光信号610到多个端口630中的至少一个端口。此外，光芯片600还可以包括至少一个光电转换器640b。该至少一个光电转换器640b可以用于将从多个端口630中的至少一个端口接收的光信号610通过光电转换转换成电信号660，并发送经光电转换得到的电信号660到外部设备650。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical chip 600 may further include at least one electrical-to-optical converter 640a. The at least one electrical-to-optical converter 640a may be used to convert the electrical signal 660 received from the external device 650 into an optical signal 610 through electrical-to-optical conversion, and transmit the electrical-to-optical converted optical signal 610 to at least one of the plurality of ports 630 . In addition, the optical chip 600 may further include at least one photoelectric converter 640b. The at least one photoelectric converter 640b may be used to convert the optical signal 610 received from at least one of the plurality of ports 630 into an electrical signal 660 through photoelectric conversion, and transmit the photoelectrically converted electrical signal 660 to the external device 650 .

将理解的是，图6中示出的电光转换器640a和光电转换器640b的数目是示例性的，在其他实施例中，光芯片600可以包括更多或更少的电光转换器640a和光电转换器640b。It will be appreciated that the number of electrical-to-optical converters 640a and electrical-to-optical converters 640b shown in FIG. 6 is exemplary, and in other embodiments, the optical chip 600 may include more or fewer electrical-to-optical converters 640a and electrical-to-electrical converters Converter 640b.

示例性地，多个端口630可以是光网络620中的任意光开关的输入输出端口。Illustratively, the plurality of ports 630 may be input and output ports of any optical switch in the optical network 620 .

示例性地，外部设备650可以是射频高速电子器件。Illustratively, the external device 650 may be a radio frequency high speed electronic device.

综上所述，光芯片600包括如本公开实施例所描述的光网络620的结构，由于光网络620内部有丰富的光开关单元并且可以实现光信号在其中的全向导通，因此保证了光芯片600具有丰富的输入输出端口，在设计上有大量冗余，稳定性更高。同时，光网络620还具有相对较少的光开关单元，从而降低了光芯片600的功耗和器件损耗。To sum up, the optical chip 600 includes the structure of the optical network 620 as described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the optical network 620 has abundant optical switch units and can realize omni-directional conduction of the optical signal therein, the optical network 620 ensures the optical Chip 600 has abundant input and output ports, has a lot of redundancy in design, and has higher stability. Meanwhile, the optical network 620 also has relatively few optical switch units, thereby reducing the power consumption and device loss of the optical chip 600 .

虽然在附图和和前面的描述中已经详细地说明和描述了本公开，但是这样的说明和描述应当被认为是说明性的和示意性的，而非限制性的；本公开不限于所公开的实施例。通过研究附图、公开内容和所附的权利要求书，本领域技术人员在实践所要求保护的主题时，能够理解和实现对于所公开的实施例的变型。在权利要求书中，词语“包括”不排除未列出的其他元件或步骤，不定冠词“一”或“一个”不排除多个，并且术语“多个”是指两个或两个以上。在相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施的仅有事实并不表明这些措施的组合不能用来获益。While the present disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative and schematic and not restrictive; example. Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed subject matter, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps not listed, the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, and the term "a plurality" means two or more . The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

Claims

一种光开光，包括：A light consecration that includes:

第一基本光开关和第二基本光开关，所述第一基本光开关和所述第二基本光开关中的每一个均包括两个第一端口和两个第二端口；以及a first basic optical switch and a second basic optical switch, each of the first basic optical switch and the second basic optical switch including two first ports and two second ports; and

四个端口，所述四个端口包括所述第一基本光开关的两个第一端口中的一个、所述第一基本光开关的两个第二端口中的一个、以及所述第二基本光开关的两个第一端口和两个第二端口中的两个选定端口，所述两个选定端口选自以下各项所组成的组：four ports including one of the two first ports of the first basic optical switch, one of the two second ports of the first basic optical switch, and the second basic optical switch two selected ports of the two first ports and the two second ports of the optical switch, the two selected ports being selected from the group consisting of:

所述第二基本光开关的所述两个第一端口，和the two first ports of the second basic optical switch, and

所述第二基本光开关的所述两个第二端口，the two second ports of the second basic optical switch,

其中，所述第一基本光开关和所述第二基本光开关被配置使得将输入所述四个端口中的任一个的光信号递送至所述四个端口中的其他端口中的一个或多个。wherein the first basic optical switch and the second basic optical switch are configured such that an optical signal input to any of the four ports is delivered to one or more of the other ports of the four ports indivual.
如权利要求1所述的光开关，The optical switch of claim 1,

其中，所述第一基本光开关被配置为执行从以下各项组成的组中选择的操作：wherein the first basic optical switch is configured to perform an operation selected from the group consisting of:

将从所述第一基本光开关的所述两个第一端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至所述第一基本光开关的所述两个第二端口中的一个或两个，和delivering an optical signal input from either of the two first ports of the first basic optical switch to one or both of the two second ports of the first basic optical switch, and

将从所述第一基本光开关的所述两个第二端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至所述第一基本光开关的所述两个第一端口中的一个或两个，delivering an optical signal input from either of the two second ports of the first basic optical switch to one or both of the two first ports of the first basic optical switch,

其中，所述第二基本光开关被配置为执行从以下各项组成的组中选择的操作：wherein the second basic optical switch is configured to perform an operation selected from the group consisting of:

将从所述第二基本光开关的所述两个第一端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至所述第二基本光开关的所述两个第二端口中的一个或两个，和delivering an optical signal input from either of the two first ports of the second basic optical switch to one or both of the two second ports of the second basic optical switch, and

将从所述第二基本光开关的所述两个第二端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至所述第二基本光开关的所述两个第一端口中的一个或两个。An optical signal input from either of the two second ports of the second basic optical switch is delivered to one or both of the two first ports of the second basic optical switch.
如权利要求2所述的光开关，进一步包括：The optical switch of claim 2, further comprising:

第一光波导；和a first optical waveguide; and

第二光波导，the second optical waveguide,

其中，所述第一基本光开关的两个第一端口中的另一个与所述第二基本光开关的两个第一端口和两个第二端口中除所述两个选定端口之外的一个端口通过所述第一光波导连接，Wherein, the other of the two first ports of the first basic optical switch and the two first ports and the two second ports of the second basic optical switch except the two selected ports One port of is connected through the first optical waveguide,

其中，所述第一基本光开关的两个第二端口中的另一个与所述第二基本光开关的两个第一端口和两个第二端口中除所述两个选定端口之外的另一个端口通过所述第二光波导连接。wherein the other of the two second ports of the first basic optical switch and the two first ports and the two second ports of the second basic optical switch except the two selected ports The other port of is connected through the second optical waveguide.
如权利要求3所述的光开关，其中，所述第一基本光开关和所述第二基本光开关中的每一个包括从以下各项所组成的组中选择的一项：4. The optical switch of claim 3, wherein each of the first base optical switch and the second base optical switch comprises one selected from the group consisting of:

马赫-曾德尔干涉仪光开关；和Mach-Zehnder interferometer optical switches; and

机械式光开关。Mechanical optical switch.
一种光网络，包括：An optical network comprising:

多个光开关，每个光开关包括如权利要求1至4中的任一个所述的光开关；以及a plurality of optical switches, each optical switch comprising the optical switch of any one of claims 1 to 4; and

多条波导，multiple waveguides,

其中，所述多个光开关之间通过所述多条波导连接。Wherein, the plurality of optical switches are connected through the plurality of waveguides.
如权利要求5所述的光网络，进一步包括：The optical network of claim 5, further comprising:

多个第三基本光开关，其中，所述多个第三基本光开关中的每一个均包括两个第一端口和两个第二端口，并且a plurality of third basic optical switches, wherein each of the plurality of third basic optical switches includes two first ports and two second ports, and

所述多个第三基本光开关通过所述多条波导与所述多个光开关中的一部分光开关连接。The plurality of third basic optical switches are connected to a part of the plurality of optical switches through the plurality of waveguides.
如权利要求6所述的光网络，其中，所述多个第三基本光开关中的每一个被配置为执行从以下各项组成的组中选择的操作：6. The optical network of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of third basic optical switches is configured to perform an operation selected from the group consisting of:

将从所述第三基本光开关的所述两个第一端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至所述第三基本光开关的所述两个第二端口中的一个或两个，和delivering an optical signal input from either of the two first ports of the third basic optical switch to one or both of the two second ports of the third basic optical switch, and

将从所述第三基本光开关的所述两个第二端口中的任一个输入的光信号递送至所述第三基本光开关的所述两个第一端口中的一个或两个。An optical signal input from either of the two second ports of the third basic optical switch is delivered to one or both of the two first ports of the third basic optical switch.
如权利要求7所述的光网络，其中，所述多个第三基本光开关被布置在所述光网络的最***并且包围所述多个光开关。8. The optical network of claim 7, wherein the plurality of third basic optical switches are arranged at the outermost periphery of the optical network and surround the plurality of optical switches.
如权利要求8所述的光网络，The optical network of claim 8,

其中，所述光网络为方格型网络，所述方格型网络包括多个方格单元，并且Wherein, the optical network is a grid-type network, and the grid-type network includes a plurality of grid cells, and

其中，所述多个方格单元中的每一个的四条边上包括所述多个光开关中的一个或所述多个第三基本光开关中的一个。Wherein, four sides of each of the plurality of square cells include one of the plurality of optical switches or one of the plurality of third basic optical switches.
如权利要求9所述的光网络，其中，所述多个方格单元中的每个方格单元包括所述多个光开关中的至少两个。10. The optical network of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of grid cells includes at least two of the plurality of optical switches.
一种光芯片，包括：An optical chip, comprising:

如权利要求5至10中任一项所述的光网络；和An optical network as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 10; and

多个端口，所述多个端口连接到所述光网络以使得光信号能够通过所述多个端口进入或离开所述光网络。a plurality of ports connected to the optical network to enable optical signals to enter or leave the optical network through the plurality of ports.
如权利要求11所述的光芯片，进一步包括：The optical chip of claim 11, further comprising:

至少一个电光转换器，被配置为将从外部设备接收的电信号通过电光转换转换成光信号，并发送经电光转换得到的光信号到所述多个端口中的至少一个端口；和at least one electrical-to-optical converter configured to convert an electrical signal received from an external device into an optical signal through electrical-to-optical conversion, and to transmit the electrical-to-optical converted optical signal to at least one of the plurality of ports; and

至少一个光电转换器，被配置为将从所述多个端口中的至少一个端口接收的光信号通过光电转换转换成电信号，并发送经光电转换得到的电信号到所述外部设备。At least one photoelectric converter is configured to convert an optical signal received from at least one of the plurality of ports into an electric signal through photoelectric conversion, and transmit the photoelectrically converted electric signal to the external device.