WO2022117975A1 - Smoke-producing compositions - Google Patents
Smoke-producing compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022117975A1 WO2022117975A1 PCT/FR2021/052208 FR2021052208W WO2022117975A1 WO 2022117975 A1 WO2022117975 A1 WO 2022117975A1 FR 2021052208 W FR2021052208 W FR 2021052208W WO 2022117975 A1 WO2022117975 A1 WO 2022117975A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- smoke
- red
- yellow
- pigment
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 nitrobenzamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NIDFGXDXQKPZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14h-benz[4,5]isoquino[2,1-a]perimidin-14-one Chemical compound C1=CC(N2C(=O)C=3C4=C(C2=N2)C=CC=C4C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 NIDFGXDXQKPZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indigo Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SJJISKLXUJVZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Solvent yellow 56 Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 SJJISKLXUJVZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-PAMTUDGESA-N scarlet red Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1\N=N\C(C=C1C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-PAMTUDGESA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SMKKEOQDQNCTGL-ZETCQYMHSA-N (2s)-2-[(2-nitrophenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC[C@H]1OC1 SMKKEOQDQNCTGL-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XWZOKATWICIEMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-difluoro-4-formylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC(F)=C(C=O)C(F)=C1 XWZOKATWICIEMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NPGIHFRTRXVWOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oil red O Chemical compound Cc1ccc(C)c(c1)N=Nc1cc(C)c(cc1C)N=Nc1c(O)ccc2ccccc12 NPGIHFRTRXVWOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YLNJGHNUXCVDIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl) perylene-3,9-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=CC2=C(C(=O)OCC(C)C)C=CC=1C1=CC=CC2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)OCC(C)C YLNJGHNUXCVDIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MRQIXHXHHPWVIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1397023 Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 MRQIXHXHHPWVIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NHXXLZBKTKNTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1997306 Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)C)=C1 NHXXLZBKTKNTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NRBKWAQSLYBVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N solvent red 26 Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC(C)=C(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)C=C1C NRBKWAQSLYBVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940033816 solvent red 27 Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- XCKGFJPFEHHHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-phenyldiazenyl-4h-pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound CC1=NN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 XCKGFJPFEHHHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N violanthrone Chemical compound C12=C3C4=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=C3C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=C4C1=C32 YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one Chemical class OC=1C=CNN=1 XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UTTFXJZCRVZYQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(diethylamino)-7-oxo-7h-(1)benzopyrano(3',2':3,4)pyrido(1,2-a)benzimidazole-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(=O)C(C#N)=C3C4=CC5=CC=C(C=C5O3)N(CC)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UTTFXJZCRVZYQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QPQKUYVSJWQSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyldiazenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 QPQKUYVSJWQSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLHGTHCCYUEAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,7-dibromo-2-(5,7-dibromo-3-hydroxy-1H-indol-2-yl)indol-3-one Chemical compound [O-]c1c([nH]c2c(Br)cc(Br)cc12)C1=[NH+]c2c(cc(Br)cc2Br)C1=O ZLHGTHCCYUEAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WYVHNCGXVPMYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorol yellow 088 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=3C(=CC=C(C=3)C)O3)=C4C3=CC=C(C)C4=CC2=C1 WYVHNCGXVPMYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WTIFIAZWCCBCGE-UUOKFMHZSA-N guanosine 2'-monophosphate Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OP(O)(O)=O WTIFIAZWCCBCGE-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K pyranine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C2C(O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005075 thioxanthenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JXUKQCUPTNLTCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vat green 1 Chemical compound C1=CC=C[C]2C(=O)C(C3=C45)=CC=C4C(C4=C67)=CC=C7C(=O)[C]7C=CC=CC7=C6C=C(OC)C4=C5C(OC)=CC3=C21 JXUKQCUPTNLTCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003732 xanthenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010804 inert waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000171897 Acacia nilotica subsp nilotica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical group [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sudan IV Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=NC(C=C1C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JPIYZTWMUGTEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N auramine O free base Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=N)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JPIYZTWMUGTEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000185 dioxinlike effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002055 micronized silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052957 realgar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/005—Desensitisers, phlegmatisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to non-toxic smoke compositions intended for the production of colored smoke.
- the smoke compositions are devoid of chlorinated compounds and organic dyes of the family of anthraquinone (derivatives).
- the smoke compositions can be used to prepare pyrotechnic devices useful in the military and civil field.
- Smoke compositions intended for the production of colored smoke generally comprise an oxidizing/reducing couple and an organic dye in powder form.
- the production of colored smoke from such compositions is based on a principle of sublimation.
- the heat generated by the combustion causes the organic dye to change from the solid state to the gaseous state. Colored fumes are generated when the organic dye condenses in the atmosphere.
- organic dyes used in smoke compositions are dyes from the anthraquinone (derivative) family (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) which allow the generation of yellow, red, blue or green smoke. Some of these derivatives present or may present a risk to the environment or human health. Moreover, when the compositions comprise organic dyes whose decomposition temperature is lower than the combustion temperature of the oxidizing/reducing couple, the dye can be destroyed and generate more or less toxic combustion entities. In compositions containing potassium chlorate as a reducing agent, these entities can combine with chlorine atoms and possibly form dioxin-like molecules. Dioxins, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are classified as persistent organic pollutants (COP). In order to protect human health and the environment against COPs, manufacturers aim to reduce their unintentional production.
- COP persistent organic pollutants
- the preparation of smoke-producing compositions that do not present a risk to the environment or to human health remains a challenge.
- the simple substitution of a component whose use can be controversial by a component that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks does not prove to be easy given the number of requirements that the components of such compositions must meet to allow the preparation and marketing of compositions efficient smokers.
- the smoke compositions intended for the production of colored smoke must be stable over time and resist climatic variations, in particular high temperature variations. They must have an acceptable burn time and smoke yield.
- non-toxicity for humans they must also meet a large number of environmental requirements (non-toxicity, compliance with REACH regulations, limitation of non-biodegradable inert waste from firing).
- the present invention relates to a smoke composition comprising, relative to the total weight of the composition:
- a reducing agent chosen from the group consisting of dextrose, lactose, sucrose, dextrin, starch and mixtures thereof;
- the sublimable organic dye has a sublimation temperature lower than 450°C, the sublimation temperature being lower than the decomposition temperature of the sublimable organic dye; has a decomposition temperature higher than the combustion temperature of the smoke composition; and the sublimable organic dye is selected from the group consisting of dyes of the family of thioxanthenes, nitrobenzamines, perylenes, benzimidozoles, naphthols, terephthalates, phthalocyanines, violanthrones, xanthenes, azobenzenes, pyrazohnones, the dyes Pigment Blue 66, Solvent Blue 2, Solvent Red 179 and their mixtures.
- the present invention also relates to a pyrotechnic device comprising such a smoke composition as well as to its use for civil or military use.
- a pyrotechnic device comprising such a smoke composition as well as to its use for civil or military use.
- Other aspects of the invention are as described below and in the claims.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention comprise
- KNO3 potassium nitrate
- a reducing agent chosen from the group consisting of dextrose, lactose, sucrose, dextrin, starch and mixtures thereof;
- the sublimable organic dye has a sublimation temperature below 450°C, the sublimation temperature being below its decomposition temperature; the sublimable organic dye has a decomposition temperature higher than the combustion temperature of the smoke composition; and the sublimable organic dye is selected from the group consisting of dyes from the family of thioxanthenes, nitrobenzamines, perylenes, benzimidozoles, naphthols, terephthalates, phthalocyanines, violanthrones, xanthenes, azobenzenes, pyrazolinones, the dyes Pigment Blue 66, Solvent Blue 2, Solvent Red 179 and mixtures thereof.
- Such smoke-producing compositions have good technical performance: such as a good combustion yield, a good smoke density and a pure color.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention offer a very good combustion efficiency.
- combustion efficiencies above 45% are considered good and above 60% are considered very good.
- Such yields allow the colored smoke to be visible over 5 km away in calm weather.
- the smoke density is greater than 5g/cm3.
- the compositions of the present invention make it possible to obtain excellent smoke densities (greater than 5 g/cm 3 ).
- the color of the fumes is characterized by measuring the colorimetry (Cylab coordinates) just for information.
- the smoke-producing compositions of the present invention are advantageously devoid of components listed to date in Annexes XIV and XVII of the REACH regulations and do not belong to the raw materials classified as toxic (bearing the mentions H314, H318, H300, H310 , H311, H330, H331, H370, H372, H334, H350, H340, H360, H410 and H420).
- the absence of such components, in particular of toxic dyes limits the risks for users exposed to the more or less long term to the fumes generated.
- the use of the compositions of the present invention does not present any known risks for human health and the environment.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention do not include chlorinated components.
- the combustion entities generated therefore do not include chlorinated compounds, for example in the form of dioxins.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention comprise from 24 to 52% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of potassium nitrate (KNO3) as oxidant. In certain embodiments, the smoke compositions comprise from 26 to 48% by weight potassium nitrate.
- KNO3 potassium nitrate
- the smoke compositions of the present invention comprise from 15 to 40%, or from 18 to 35% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a reducing agent chosen from the group consisting of dextrose, lactose, sucrose , dextrin, starch and mixtures thereof.
- a reducing agent chosen from the group consisting of dextrose, lactose, sucrose , dextrin, starch and mixtures thereof.
- the smoke compositions comprise from 18 to 35% by weight of a mixture of reducers.
- the reducing agent is sucrose or starch.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention comprise from 6 to 60% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a non-salified sublimable organic dye in powder form. In certain embodiments, the smoke compositions comprise from 10 to 45% by weight of a non-salified sublimable organic dye in powder form.
- sublimable organic dye refers to the ability of a dye to go directly from a solid state to a gaseous state.
- non-salified indicates that the organic dye is not in the form of a salt, such as a dye in monosodium or disodium form.
- the sublimable organic dyes useful in the context of the present invention must have a decomposition temperature higher than the combustion temperature of the smoke composition. Their decomposition temperature must also be higher than their sublimation temperature.
- combustion temperatures of the smoke compositions of the present invention vary according to the oxidizing/reducing couple chosen.
- the combustion temperatures of the smoke compositions may be as follows: approximately 300° C. for the potassium nitrate/sucrose couple; approximately 350° C. for the potassium nitrate/starch couple; approximately 450° C. for the potassium nitrate/lactose couple.
- Organic dyes therefore have a decomposition temperature above 300°C or above 350°C or above 450°C.
- the sublimable organic dye comes in the form of a powder.
- the particles making up the powder are not nanoparticles, they do not have a nanometric size (1 to 100 nm).
- the absence of nanoparticle organic dyes limits the health risks for users exposed to the fumes generated.
- the size of the particles does not exceed 200 ⁇ m. Such particles provide better dispersion in the smoke cloud.
- the sublimable organic dye is in the form of a powder whose particles have a size greater than 1 ⁇ m, generally a size varying from 6 to 200 ⁇ m as measured by counting under a microscope (zoom X84). It is understood that, depending on the organic dye chosen, within this range, the average particle size may vary.
- dyes from the thioxanthene family useful in the context of the present invention includes the dye Solvent Yellow 98.
- nitrobenzamine family dyes useful in the present invention include Pigment Yellow 65 and Pigment Green 8 dyes.
- dyes from the perylene family useful in the context of the present invention includes the dye Solvent Green 5.
- benzimidazole family dyes useful in the present invention include Solvent Red 196 and Pigment Red 194 dyes.
- dyes from the naphthol family useful in the context of the present invention include the dyes Solvent Yellow 14, Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 25, Solvent Red 26, Solvent Red 27, Pigment Red 1, Solvent Red 164, Solvent Yellow 56 and Pigment Red 170.
- terephthalate family dyes useful in the present invention include Solvent Yellow 155 and Pigment Yellow 175 dyes.
- phthalocyanine family dyes useful in the present invention include Solvent Blue 70 and Solvent Blue 67 dyes.
- violanthrone family dyes useful in the context of the present invention include the dyes Vat blue 20, Vat green 1, Vat blue 16 and Vat green 2 (also called Pigment Green 54).
- An example of a xanthene dye useful in the present invention includes Solvent Green 4 dye.
- pyrazolinone family dyes useful in the present invention include Vat Blue 5, Solvent Yellow 16, Pigment Yellow 154, Pigment Yellow 175 and Solvent Yellow 93.
- azobenzene family dyes useful in the present invention include Solvent Yellow 14, Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 25, Solvent Red 26, Solvent Red 27, Pigment Red 1, Solvent Yellow 56 and Solvent Red 164.
- the non-salified sublimable organic dye is chosen from the group consisting of Solvent Green 4, Pigment Yellow 65, Pigment Green 8, Solvent Green 5, Solvent Red 196, Pigment Red 194, Solvent Yellow 14, Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 25, Solvent Red 26, Solvent Red 27, Pigment Red 1, Solvent Yellow 56, Solvent Red 164, Pigment Red 170, Solvent Yellow 155, Pigment Yellow 175, Solvent Yellow 98, Solvent Blue 70, Solvent Blue 67 , Vat Blue 20, Vat Green 1, Vat Green 2, Vat Blue 16, Vat Blue 5, Solvent Yellow 16, Pigment Yellow 154, Pigment Yellow 175, Solvent Yellow 93, Pigment Blue 66, Solvent Blue 2, Solvent Red 179 and their mixtures.
- the organic colorant is selected from the group consisting of Solvent green 5, Pigment Red 194, Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 25, Solvent Red 26, Solvent Red 27, Solvent Yellow 56, Solvent Yellow 14, Vat Green 2, Solvent Yellow 98, Solvent Yellow 16, Solvent Yellow 93, Pigment Blue 66, Solvent Red 179 and mixtures thereof.
- Such organic dyes have a decomposition temperature above the combustion temperature of the smoke composition and above their sublimation temperature. Such organic dyes do not exhibit toxicity. Thus, the smoke compositions comprising such dyes do not represent a danger for humans exposed in the more or less long term to the fumes generated.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention may further comprise additives commonly used in the technical field, such as binders, phlegmatizers, moisture absorbers, combustion regulators, flame inhibitors and mixtures thereof.
- the smoke compositions comprise from 0.5 to 10%, preferably from 5 to 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, of a phlegmatizer and/or from 0.5 to 8 %, preferably from 1 to 3%, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a binder and/or from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 5 to 10%, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a flame retardant.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention may comprise from 1 to 18% by weight of optional additives relative to the total weight of the composition. The sum of the percentages by weight of oxidant, reducer, organic colorant and optional additives is then equal to 100%.
- binders useful in the context of the present invention include gum arabic, epoxy resin, shellac and polyethylene wax.
- phlegmatizers useful in the context of the present invention include talc, kaolin (white clay made of aluminum silicate), kieselguhr, micronized silica and realgar.
- combustion regulators useful in the present invention include hydrated alumina, paranitranilin, graphite and auramine N65.
- flame retardants useful in the present invention include sodium hydrogencarbonate and calcium carbonate.
- the dye Solvent Yellow 93 will preferably be used in combination with starch as a reducing agent.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention comprise:
- additives typically chosen from the group consisting of binders, phlegmatizers, flame inhibitors, moisture absorbers, combustion and mixtures thereof.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention comprise:
- KNO3 potassium nitrate
- the sublimable organic dye can be as described above.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention can be prepared according to methods well known to those skilled in the art. Thus, the method described in the “Examples” section can easily be transposed on a large scale.
- the smoke compositions of the present invention can be used to prepare pyrotechnic devices generating colored smoke, such as colored smoke grenades, signal smokes (e.g. SNCF signals), training smokes, etc.
- colored smoke grenades such as colored smoke grenades, signal smokes (e.g. SNCF signals), training smokes, etc.
- signal smokes e.g. SNCF signals
- training smokes etc.
- the present invention also relates to pyrotechnic devices comprising a smoke composition according to the present invention.
- the fumes generated can be yellow, red, blue or green depending on use and needs.
- the pyrotechnic devices can be used in the civilian field (for example paintball, demonstration, football match, etc.) or in the military. They can enable position marking, alerting or information depending on the color of the smoke.
- the technical performance of the smoke compositions such as the density of the smoke, the duration of combustion, the combustion efficiency and the intensity of the color of the smoke are evaluated at room temperature (20-25°C) in an experimental device comprising: a 0.635 m 3 box fitted with a filter placed at the flue gas outlet; a visible camera to measure the burning time; a thermocouple for measuring the combustion temperature.
- the prepared models are weighed before and after combustion, thus making it possible to determine the mass of the composition before combustion (mass C om P osition before combustion) and the mass of the composition after combustion (mass of combustion residues).
- the smoke density (d), expressed in grams per cubic centimeter, is determined by the following relationship:
- the burning time is measured by means of the camera.
- the combustion efficiency is determined by the following relationship:
- L*a*b* color space (CIELAB) is a system adopted by the International Commission on Illumination in 1976.
- the color intensity is measured by a colorimeter placed directly on the fume recovery filter (sublimated dye deposit on the filter).
- the smoke compositions were prepared from the following raw materials:
- NaHCOs Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- the formulations of the smoke-producing compositions prepared are as presented in Table 1. The percentages indicated are percentages by weight expressed relative to the total weight of the smoke-producing composition.
- the smoke compositions were prepared according to the detailed protocol presented below.
- the oxidant was introduced to the mixture in turn and it was mixed until a homogeneous color powder was obtained.
- composition was placed in a ventilated oven at 40° C. for a minimum of 2 days.
- composition was sieved on a 200pm sieve, then it was stored in sealed and well-identified 200g bags.
- composition H3 H1-H2. -The hoop was then placed in a metal case allowing pressurization.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IL303430A IL303430A (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Smoke-producing compositions |
US18/255,863 US20240010578A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Smoke-Producing Compositions |
CN202180081728.XA CN116867756A (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Fuming composition |
KR1020237022302A KR20230154792A (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Smoke-generating composition |
CA3203576A CA3203576A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Smoke-producing compositions |
EP21839608.3A EP4255870A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Smoke-producing compositions |
AU2021391988A AU2021391988A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Smoke-producing compositions |
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FR2012672A FR3117112B1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | SMOKE COMPOSITIONS |
FRFR2012672 | 2020-12-04 |
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PCT/FR2021/052208 WO2022117975A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-03 | Smoke-producing compositions |
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US (1) | US20240010578A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4255870A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20230154792A (en) |
CN (1) | CN116867756A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2021391988A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3203576A1 (en) |
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CN114956923A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-30 | 北京航空工程技术研究中心 | Liquid type color-drawing smoke agent for flight performance and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
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GB2330896A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-05 | Mantsuna & Co Ltd S | Roman candle |
ES2302620A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-07-16 | Falken S.A. | Smoke producing mixture for use in concealment devices, signaling and tear, comprises potassium chlorate, smoke, lactose, lubricant or binder, suppressor of flames, and tear agent |
CN105622300A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-06-01 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Black smoke agent and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
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JPH11201699A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-07-30 | Mantsuna Shoten:Kk | Irregularly spread smoke fireworks for daytime |
US10759720B1 (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-09-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Low toxicity, environmentally friendly red smoke generating composition and method of making the same |
CN110627597B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-08-07 | 颜谷科技发展(天津)有限公司 | Aviation color smoke agent and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-12-04 FR FR2012672A patent/FR3117112B1/en active Active
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2021
- 2021-12-03 AU AU2021391988A patent/AU2021391988A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-03 EP EP21839608.3A patent/EP4255870A1/en active Pending
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- 2021-12-03 CA CA3203576A patent/CA3203576A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-03 WO PCT/FR2021/052208 patent/WO2022117975A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-12-03 US US18/255,863 patent/US20240010578A1/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2330896A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-05 | Mantsuna & Co Ltd S | Roman candle |
ES2302620A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-07-16 | Falken S.A. | Smoke producing mixture for use in concealment devices, signaling and tear, comprises potassium chlorate, smoke, lactose, lubricant or binder, suppressor of flames, and tear agent |
CN105622300A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-06-01 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Black smoke agent and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114956923A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-30 | 北京航空工程技术研究中心 | Liquid type color-drawing smoke agent for flight performance and preparation method thereof |
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IL303430A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
FR3117112A1 (en) | 2022-06-10 |
KR20230154792A (en) | 2023-11-09 |
AU2021391988A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
CN116867756A (en) | 2023-10-10 |
FR3117112B1 (en) | 2023-04-14 |
CA3203576A1 (en) | 2022-06-09 |
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US20240010578A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
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