WO2022116532A1 - 转子和永磁电机 - Google Patents
转子和永磁电机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022116532A1 WO2022116532A1 PCT/CN2021/104366 CN2021104366W WO2022116532A1 WO 2022116532 A1 WO2022116532 A1 WO 2022116532A1 CN 2021104366 W CN2021104366 W CN 2021104366W WO 2022116532 A1 WO2022116532 A1 WO 2022116532A1
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- slot
- magnetic steel
- air
- groove
- wall
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of permanent magnet motors, in particular to a rotor and permanent magnet motors.
- the permanent magnet motor for vehicle drive is very important to the performance of the whole vehicle. Due to the advantages of high power density and high efficiency, permanent magnet motors have been widely used in the field of vehicle drive permanent magnet motors. Permanent magnet motors have the advantages of simple structure, small size, low loss, high efficiency and easy control, etc. advantage. In order to improve the power density of the drive system, a permanent magnet motor and a reducer are usually used to provide driving force for electric vehicles, or a three-in-one assembly that is highly integrated with a permanent magnet motor, a reducer and a permanent magnet motor controller.
- the permanent magnet motor needs to have a high torque density, that is to say, the permanent magnet motor needs a large torque and a small volume of the permanent magnet motor; in the existing In the technology, some will use the method of stacking the permanent magnet motor to increase the output torque of the permanent magnet motor, but it will also increase the volume of the permanent magnet motor; The output torque of the motor, but the high-performance magnetic steel will also increase the cost of the permanent magnet motor, and the high-performance magnetic steel will also lead to the saturation of the magnetic circuit, which will increase the iron loss and at the same time increase the magnetic steel remanence. The improvement of torque performance is limited, and when it reaches a certain level, the torque performance of the permanent magnet motor cannot be further improved.
- the thickness of the rotor magnetic bridge will affect the magnetic flux leakage of the magnetic steel.
- the larger thickness of the magnetic bridge increases the magnetic flux leakage, thereby reducing the output torque of the permanent magnet motor.
- the increase needs to increase the amount of rare earth, which will increase the cost of magnet steel, thereby increasing the total cost of permanent magnet motor; the amount of magnet steel can also be increased to reduce the demagnetization rate of magnet steel and ensure the stability of permanent magnet motor, but the amount of magnet steel.
- the increase in the amount of magnetic steel will also increase the cost of the permanent magnet motor, and the increase in the amount of magnetic steel will also make the mechanical strength of the rotor under the action of centrifugal force worse.
- the present invention provides a rotor and a permanent magnet motor, which can design a rotor with excellent anti-demagnetization performance without increasing the volume and cost and ensuring the output torque of the permanent magnet motor.
- the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a rotor, comprising an iron core and a magnetic steel slot group, wherein the magnetic steel slot group includes two first magnetic steels distributed in a V shape and the V-shaped tip direction is toward the center of the iron core There is a magnetic steel with a rectangular cross-section in the first magnetic steel groove, and a magnetic bridge is located at the V-shaped tip between the two first magnetic steel grooves, and each of the first magnetic steel grooves corresponds to An air slot is arranged on the ground, the air slot is arranged on one side where the two first magnetic steel slots are sandwiched, and the air slot is close to the corner of the magnetic steel.
- the first magnetic steel slot includes a first slot wall and a second slot wall extending from the tip of the V shape to the opening direction, and the magnetic steel is embedded between the first slot wall and the second slot wall.
- the first slot wall is arranged on one side sandwiched between the two first magnetic steel slots, and the magnetic steel includes a first end portion and a second end portion that are perpendicular to the first slot walls, so The first end is arranged toward the V-shaped opening, and the second end is arranged toward the V-shaped tip; the air slot includes a first air slot, and the first air slot is close to the first air slot of the magnetic steel. Corner at one end.
- the minimum vertical distance D1 from the groove wall of the first air groove to the first groove wall is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm; the vertical distance D2 from the center of the first air groove to the first end portion is 0.2mm to 0.3mm; the first magnetic steel slot further includes a third slot wall connected with the first slot wall and deflected toward the inner side of the angle between the two first magnetic steel slots, the first air
- the minimum vertical distance D3 of the groove wall of the groove from the third groove wall is 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
- the air slot further includes a second air slot, and the second air slot is close to the corner at the second end of the magnetic steel.
- the minimum vertical distance D4 from the groove wall of the second air groove to the first groove wall is 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm; the vertical distance D5 from the center of the second air groove to the second end 0.6mm to 0.8mm.
- first air groove and the second air groove are elliptical.
- the length of the long axis L1 of the first air groove is 0.5mm to 0.6mm
- the length of the short axis L2 is 0.3mm to 0.4mm
- the angle A between the long axis and the first groove wall is 20 ° to 35°
- the length of the long axis L3 of the second air groove is 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm
- the length of the short axis L4 is 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm
- the length of the long axis and the first groove wall is clamped Angle B is 20° to 35°.
- the magnetic steel groove group also includes two second magnetic steel grooves distributed in a V shape and with the V-shaped tip direction facing the center of the iron core, and the second magnetic steel grooves are arranged on the first magnetic steel. The side of the slot away from the center of the core.
- the included angle between the two first magnetic steel grooves is less than 15°.
- a permanent magnet motor comprising the rotor.
- the first convex portion is arranged in the magnetic steel groove of the rotor iron core, and the arrangement of the first convex portion can play a role of drainage.
- a convex part can drain the demagnetization magnetic field, relieve the demagnetization effect of the demagnetization magnetic field on the corners of the magnetic steel, and at the same time, it will not affect the output torque of the permanent magnet motor.
- Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the magnetic steel groove on the iron core in the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the present invention A
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the present invention B.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the present invention B.
- the rotor includes an iron core formed by stacking a plurality of punched sheets.
- the iron core includes a plurality of magnetic poles distributed along its circumferential direction, and each magnetic pole includes a magnetic steel slot group.
- the magnetic steel groove group includes two first magnetic steel grooves 1 and two second magnetic steel grooves 2 .
- the two first magnetic steel slots 1 are symmetrically distributed in a V shape, and the V-shaped tips formed by the two first magnetic steel slots 1 extend toward the center of the iron core, and the openings face the outside of the iron core.
- the steel slot 1 is located between the ends of the tip to form a first magnetic bridge 11.
- Each first magnetic steel slot 1 is embedded with a magnetic steel 3, and the magnetic steel 3 is fixed to the first magnetic steel slot 1 by gluing. central position.
- the two second magnetic steel slots 2 are also distributed in a V shape, and the second magnetic steel slots 2 are arranged above the first magnetic steel slot 1, that is, on the outer side in the radial direction of the first magnetic steel slot 1, and the two The V-shaped tip formed by the second magnetic steel slots 2 extends toward the center of the iron core, and the opening faces the outside of the iron core.
- the two second magnetic steel slots 2 are located between the ends of the tips to form a second magnetic bridge 21.
- the second magnetic steel slot 2 is also embedded with a magnetic steel 3, and the magnetic steel 3 is fixed in the middle position of the second magnetic steel slot 2 by gluing; at the same time, the first magnetic steel slot 1 and the second magnetic steel slot There is a certain interval between 2, and the first and second magnetic steel slots are arranged along the quadrature axis magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet motor, which helps to reduce the influence of the magnetic steel slot on the quadrature axis inductance of the permanent magnet motor, thereby ensuring permanent
- the reluctance torque of the magneto is conducive to alleviating the saturation of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit and increasing the utilization rate of the reluctance torque.
- a certain distance between the two layers of magnetic steel is also conducive to alleviating the demagnetization effect of the demagnetizing magnetic field on the magnetic steel. .
- the included angle between the two first magnetic steel slots 1 is less than 15°, so that the utilization rate of the reluctance torque can be ensured.
- the first magnetic steel slot 1 includes a first slot wall 15 and a second slot wall 16 extending from the tip of the V-shape to the opening direction, and the first slot wall 15 and the second slot wall 16 are arranged oppositely, wherein the first slot wall 15 and the second slot wall 16 are opposite.
- the slot wall 15 is arranged on the inside of the V-shaped opening, that is, on the side where the two first magnetic steel slots 1 are sandwiched, while the second slot wall 16 is arranged on the outside of the V-shaped opening; 1.
- the two sides of the magnetic steel 3 are in contact with the first groove wall 15 and the second groove wall 16, and the magnetic steel 3 also includes a first end 31 and a second end 32.
- the first and second ends are arranged at an angle with the first and second magnets, which are vertical in this embodiment, the first end 31 is arranged toward the opening of the V-shape, and the second end 32 is arranged toward the V-shape and the first magnetic steel slot 1 also includes a third slot wall 17, the third slot wall 17 is connected with the first slot wall 15, and the third slot wall 17 faces the angle between the two first magnetic steel slots 1
- the inner side is deflected by a certain angle, and the connection between the third slot wall 17 and the first slot wall 15 is arranged near the magnetic steel 3 .
- the rotor in the present application is provided with a plurality of groups of air slots 4 , and each group of air slots 4 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the first magnetic steel slot 1 , that is, a set of corresponding air slots is arranged near each first magnetic steel slot 1 . 4.
- the air slot 4 is arranged on the side where the two first magnetic steel slots 1 are sandwiched, and the air slot 4 is arranged at the corner close to the magnetic steel 3. Under the action of the air slot 4, the magnetic steel 3 is at the most The anti-demagnetization performance under severe demagnetization conditions is improved, the demagnetization rate is significantly reduced, the output torque is guaranteed to a certain extent, and the torque ripple is relatively small.
- each group of air slots 4 includes a first air slot 41 and a second air slot 42 ; wherein, taking the first air slot 41 as an example, the first air slot 41 is arranged close to the first magnetic
- the upper corner of the magnetic steel 3 in the steel slot 1, that is, the corner of the first end 31 close to the magnetic steel 3, and the minimum vertical distance D1 between the slot wall of the first air slot 41 and the first slot wall 15 is 0.2mm to 0.3mm
- the vertical distance D2 from the center of the first air groove 41 to the first end 31 is 0.2mm to 0.3mm
- the minimum vertical distance D3 between the groove wall of the first air groove 41 and the third groove wall 17 0.2mm to 0.3mm.
- Such a design avoids the problem that the first air slot 41 is too close to the slot wall of the first magnetic steel slot 1 to affect the mechanical strength of the rotor, and increases the difficulty of iron core production and processing, and avoids the distance between the first air slot 41 and the first air slot 41. If the groove wall of the magnetic steel slot 1 is too far, the magnetic leakage of the magnetic steel 3 will be increased, which is not conducive to improving the magnetic steel working point at the corners of the magnetic steel, resulting in the problem that the anti-demagnetization ability of the magnetic steel 3 is reduced.
- the second air groove 42 is arranged near the corner of the second end 32 of the magnetic steel 3 in the first magnetic steel groove 1 , and the groove wall of the second air groove 42 is located at a distance from the first magnetic steel groove 1 .
- the minimum vertical distance D4 of a slot wall 15 is 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, and the vertical distance D5 between the center of the second air slot 42 and the second end 32 is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.
- Such a design avoids that the second air slot 42 is too close to the slot wall of the first magnetic steel slot 1 to affect the mechanical strength of the rotor, and increases the difficulty of iron core production and processing. If the groove wall of the magnetic steel slot 1 is too far, the magnetic leakage of the magnetic steel 3 will be increased, which is not conducive to improving the magnetic steel working point at the corners of the magnetic steel, resulting in the problem that the anti-demagnetization ability of the magnetic steel 3 is reduced.
- the first air slot 41 and the second air slot 42 in the present application are both elliptical, because the elliptical air slot has a more obvious effect of suppressing demagnetization of the magnetic steel than other shapes.
- the first air groove 41 is elliptical, and the length of the long axis L1 is 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm, the length of the short axis L2 is 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm, and the angle between the long axis and the first groove wall 15 is A is 20° to 35°;
- the second air groove 42 is elliptical, the length of the long axis L3 is 0.6mm to 0.7mm, the length of the short axis L4 is 0.3mm to 0.4mm, and the long axis is connected to the first groove wall
- the included angle B of 15 is 20° to 35°; this setting makes the size of the air slot just right, and avoids that the size of the air slot is too small, so that the demagnetization rate near the corner of the magnetic steel cannot be effectively relieved, and the size of the air slot is avoided.
- the relative position between the elliptical air slot and the magnetic steel slot can achieve the best anti-demagnetization performance.
- the shape of the air slot can also be set to be circular or other irregular shapes.
- the application also proposes a permanent magnet motor, which includes the rotor proposed in the application.
- the permanent magnet motor of the present application the demagnetization rates of the magnets in the left and right first magnet steel slots are 1.89% and 1.91% respectively, the demagnetization positions are concentrated at the corners, and the demagnetization area is reduced.
- the traditional permanent magnet motor and the permanent magnet motor in this application under the same conditions, the working conditions of the two are: the traditional motor, the average torque is 220.1183Nm, and the torque ripple is 3.69%; For the motor, the average torque is 220.1039Nm and the torque ripple is 3.66%.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种转子和永磁电机,转子包括铁芯和磁钢槽组,磁钢槽组包括第一磁钢槽,磁钢,磁桥,每个第一磁钢槽对应地设置有空气槽,空气槽设于两条第一磁钢槽相夹的一侧,且空气槽靠近磁钢的边角处;第一磁钢槽包括第一槽壁和第二槽壁,磁钢包括第一端部和第二端部,第一端部朝向V形开口方向设置,第二端部朝向V形尖端方向设置;空气槽包括靠近第一端部处的边角的第一空气槽和靠近第二端部处的边角的第二空气槽。与现有技术比较,本发明通能够缓解退磁磁场对磁钢边角的退磁作用,同时对永磁电机的输出转矩不会造成影响。
Description
本发明涉及永磁电机领域,特别是涉及一种转子和永磁电机。
环境污染和能源危机促使新能源汽车行业的快速发展,尤其是电动汽车行业蓬勃发展,而车用驱动永磁电机作为电动汽车的关键执行部件之一,其性能对于整车的性能至关重要。由于具有较高的功率密度和较高的效率等优点,永磁电机已被广泛应用于车用驱动永磁电机领域,永磁电机具有结构简单、体积小、损耗小、效率高和易于控制等优点。为了提升驱动***的功率密度,通常采用永磁电机和减速器配合的方式来给电动汽车提供驱动力,或者是永磁电机、减速机和永磁电机控制器高度集成的三合一总成。
然而,由于电动汽车特殊的运行工况,需要永磁电机具有较高的转矩密度,也就是说需要永磁电机大转矩的同时还需要保证永磁电机具有较小的体积;在现有技术中,有的会采用永磁电机叠高的方式来增加永磁电机的输出转矩,但是也会增大永磁电机的体积;还有的会使用高性磁的磁钢来提高永磁电机的输出转矩,但是高性能的磁钢也会使得永磁电机的成本提高,并且高性能的磁钢也会导致磁路的饱和,进而使得铁耗增加,与此同时提高磁钢剩磁对转矩性能的提升是有限的,当达到一定程度,永磁电机的转矩性能便无法进一步提升。
同时,在现有技术中,当磁钢用量相同时,转子磁桥的厚度会影响磁钢的漏磁,较大的磁桥厚度使得漏磁增大,进而使得永磁电机的输出转矩降低,因此为了获得较大的输出转矩,则需要尽可能减小磁桥的厚度,但磁桥厚 度过小又会使得永磁电机磁钢退磁状态加剧,这主要是由于较小的磁桥厚度,抑制了退磁磁场的走向,使得退磁磁场偏向于集中经过永磁电机磁钢,从而使得磁场的退磁状态加剧,若为了降低磁钢的退磁率,又需要提高磁钢的矫顽力,则又提升需要增加稀土的用量,从而使得磁钢成本增高,进而增加永磁电机的总成本;也可以增加磁钢的用量来降低磁钢的退磁率,保证永磁电机的稳定性,但是磁钢用量的增加也会增加永磁电机的成本,并且磁钢用量的增加也会使得转子在离心力作用的机械强度变差。
因此,如何在不增加体积和成本的前提下,设计出一种具有优秀的抗退磁性能的转子来保证永磁电机的输出转矩很有必要。
发明内容
本发明提出一种转子和永磁电机,能够在不增加体积、成本,并保证永磁电机的输出转矩的前提下,设计出一种具有优秀的抗退磁性能的转子。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种转子,包括铁芯和磁钢槽组,所述磁钢槽组包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第一磁钢槽,所述第一磁钢槽内设有截面为矩形的磁钢,且两条所述第一磁钢槽之间位于V形尖端处为磁桥,每个所述第一磁钢槽对应地设置有空气槽,所述空气槽设于两条所述第一磁钢槽相夹的一侧,且所述空气槽靠近所述磁钢的边角处。
进一步地,所述第一磁钢槽包括从V形的尖端到开口方向延伸的第一槽壁和第二槽壁,所述磁钢内嵌于所述第一槽壁和第二槽壁之间,所述第一槽壁设于两条所述第一磁钢槽相夹的一侧,所述磁钢包括与所述第一槽壁垂直的第一端部和第二端部,所述第一端部朝向V形开口方向设置,所述第二端部朝向V形尖端方向设置;所述空气槽包括第一空气槽,所述第一空气槽靠近所述磁钢的所述第一端部处的边角。
进一步地,所述第一空气槽的槽壁距离所述第一槽壁的最小垂直距离D1为0.2mm到0.3mm;所述第一空气槽的中心距离所述第一端部的垂直距离D2为0.2mm到0.3mm;所述第一磁钢槽还包括与所述第一槽壁连接且朝向两个所述第一磁钢槽夹角内侧偏转的第三槽壁,所述第一空气槽的槽壁距离所述第三槽壁的最小垂直距离D3为0.2到0.3mm。
进一步地,所述空气槽还包括第二空气槽,所述第二空气槽靠近所述磁钢的所述第二端部处的边角。
进一步地,所述第二空气槽的槽壁距离所述第一槽壁的最小垂直距离D4为0.2mm到0.4mm;所述第二空气槽的中心距离所述第二端部的垂直距离D5为0.6mm到0.8mm。
进一步地,所述第一空气槽和第二空气槽为椭圆形。
进一步地,所述第一空气槽的长轴L1的长度为0.5mm到0.6mm,短轴L2的长度为0.3mm到0.4mm,且所述长轴与第一槽壁的夹角A为20°到35°;所述第二空气槽的长轴L3的长度为0.6mm到0.7mm,短轴L4的长度为0.3mm到0.4mm,且所述长轴与所述第一槽壁的夹角B为20°到35°。
进一步地,所述磁钢槽组还包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第二磁钢槽,所述第二磁钢槽设于所述第一磁钢槽远离所述铁芯中心的一侧。
进一步地,两条所述第一磁钢槽之间的夹角小于15°。
一种永磁电机,所述永磁电机包括所述的转子。
与现有技术比较,本发明通过在转子铁芯的磁钢槽中设置了第一凸部,第一凸部的设置能够起到引流作用,在永磁电机处于最恶劣退磁状态时,该 第一凸部能够引流退磁磁场,缓解退磁磁场对磁钢边角的退磁作用,同时对永磁电机的输出转矩不会造成影响。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明中铁芯上的磁钢槽的结构示意简图;
图2为本发明A的放大结构示意简图;
图3为本发明B的放大结构示意简图。
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本申请中转子包括由多片冲片叠加形成的铁芯,铁芯包括多个沿其周向分布的磁极,每一个磁极包括一个磁钢槽组。
如图1所示,以铁芯其中一个磁钢槽组为例进行说明,磁钢槽组包括两条第一磁钢槽1和两条第二磁钢槽2。
其中,两条第一磁钢槽1呈V形对称分布,并且两条第一磁钢槽1构成的V形的尖端朝向铁芯中心方向延伸,开口朝向铁芯的外侧,两条第一磁钢槽1位于尖端的端部之间形成第一磁桥11,每条第一磁钢槽1中内嵌有一个磁钢3,磁钢3通过胶粘的方式固定在第一磁钢槽1的中部位置。
进一步地,两条第二磁钢槽2也呈V形分布,第二磁钢槽2设于第一磁钢槽1的上方,即位于第一磁钢槽1径向方向的外侧,并且两条第二磁钢槽2构成的V形的尖端朝向铁芯中心方向延伸,开口朝向铁芯的外侧,两条第二磁钢槽2位于尖端的端部之间形成第二磁桥21,每条第二磁钢槽2中也内嵌有磁钢3,磁钢3通过胶粘的方式固定在第二磁钢槽2的中部位置;同时,第一磁钢槽1和第二磁钢槽2之间具有一定间隔,第一、第二磁钢槽均沿着永磁电机的交轴磁路设置,这样有助于减小磁钢槽对永磁电机交轴电感的影响,进而保证永磁电机的磁阻转矩从而有利于缓解交轴磁路的饱和,增大磁阻转矩的利用率,另外两层磁钢之间一定的距离也有利于缓解退磁磁场对磁钢的退磁效应。
优选地,两条第一磁钢槽1之间的夹角小于15°,这样可以保证磁阻转矩的利用率。
进一步地,第一磁钢槽1包括从V形的尖端到开口方向延伸的第一槽壁15和第二槽壁16,第一槽壁15和第二槽壁16相对设置,其中,第一槽壁15设置在V形的开口内侧,即两个第一磁钢槽1相夹的一侧,而第二槽壁16设置在V形的开口外侧;而磁钢3则贴合设置在第一、第二槽壁之间,磁钢3的两个侧部与第一槽壁15和第二槽壁16相贴合,磁钢3还包括第一端部31和第二端部32,第一、第二端部均与第一、第二磁钢呈夹角设置,本实施例中为垂直,第一端部31朝向V形的开口方向设置,而第二端部32朝向V形的尖端方向设置;且第一磁钢槽1还包括第三槽壁17,第三槽壁17与第一槽壁15连接,且第三槽壁17朝向两个第一磁钢槽1夹角内侧偏转一定角度,第三槽壁17与第一槽壁15的连接处设于磁钢3附近。
本申请中的转子上设有多组空气槽4,每组空气槽4与第一磁钢槽1一一对应设置,即每一个第一磁钢槽1附近均设置有一组与其对应的空气槽4,空气槽4设于两条第一磁钢槽1相夹的一侧,且空气槽4设置在靠近磁钢3的边角处,在空气槽4的作用下,使得磁钢3在最恶劣退磁工况下的抗退磁性能得到了改善,退磁率明显降低,输出转矩得到了一定的保障,并且转矩脉动也相对较小。
进一步地,如图2所示,每组空气槽4均包括第一空气槽41和第二空气槽42;其中,以第一空气槽41为例,第一空气槽41设置在靠近第一磁钢槽1中的磁钢3的上边角处,即靠近该磁钢3位于第一端部31的边角,且第一空气槽41的槽壁距离第一槽壁15的最小垂直距离D1为0.2mm到0.3mm,第一空气槽41的中心距离第一端部31的垂直距离D2为0.2mm到0.3mm,且第一空气槽41的槽壁距离第三槽壁17的最小垂直距离D3为0.2mm到0.3mm。
这样的设计避免第一空气槽41距离第一磁钢槽1的槽壁太近而影响到转子的机械强度,并且提升铁芯生产加工的难度的问题,且避免第一空气槽41距离第一磁钢槽1的槽壁太远又会增大磁钢3的漏磁,不利于提升该处磁钢边角的处的磁钢工作点,导致磁钢3的抗退磁能力降低的问题。
进一步地,如图3所示,第二空气槽42设置在靠近第一磁钢槽1中磁钢3的第二端部32处的边角设置,而第二空气槽42的槽壁距离第一槽壁15的最小垂直距离D4为0.2mm到0.4mm,第二空气槽42的中心距离第二端部32的垂直距离D5为0.6mm到0.8mm。
这样的设计避免第二空气槽42距离第一磁钢槽1的槽壁太近而影响到转子的机械强度,并且提升铁芯生产加工的难度的问题,同时避免第二空气槽 42距离第一磁钢槽1的槽壁太远又会增大磁钢3的漏磁,不利于提升该处磁钢边角的处的磁钢工作点,导致磁钢3的抗退磁能力降低的问题。
优选地,本申请中的第一空气槽41和第二空气槽42均设置为椭圆形,这是因为椭圆形的空气槽相比于其他形状,对磁钢抑制退磁效果更加明显。
进一步地,第一空气槽41为椭圆形,且其长轴L1的长度为0.5mm到0.6mm,短轴L2的长度为0.3mm到0.4mm,且长轴与第一槽壁15的夹角A为20°到35°;第二空气槽42为椭圆形,其长轴L3的长度为0.6mm到0.7mm,短轴L4的长度为0.3mm到0.4mm,且长轴与第一槽壁15的夹角B为20°到35°;这样的设置使得空气槽的尺寸正好,避免空气槽的尺寸太小,从而无法有效缓解靠近该处磁钢边角的退磁率,避免空气槽的尺寸太大而影响该处的机械强度,并导致永磁电机的输出转矩较低的问题,同时使椭圆形的空气槽与磁钢槽之间的相对位置能够起到最佳的抗退磁性能。
进一步地,空气槽的形状也可以设置为圆形或其他不规则的形状。
本申请还提出了一种永磁电机,永磁电机包括本申请提出的转子。
经过试验,采取具有同样数量和V形设置的两组转子的永磁电机进行对照试验,一组采用常规的空气槽设计的传统永磁电机,另一组采用本申请的空气槽设计的永磁电机,在同等恶劣情况下的磁钢退磁情况如下:
传统永磁电机:左右两个第一磁钢槽中磁钢的退磁率分别为2.33%和2.37%,磁钢的退磁位置主要集中在边角处;
本申请的永磁电机:左右两个第一磁钢槽中磁钢的退磁率分别为1.89%和1.91%,退磁位置集中在边角处,退磁面积减小。
经过测试对比,传统永磁电机和本申请中永磁电机在条件相等的情况下,两者的工作情况为:传统电机,转矩平均值为220.1183Nm,转矩脉动为3.69%;本申请的电机,转矩平均值为220.1039Nm,转矩脉动为3.66%。
由上可知,在大幅减小磁钢退磁率的情况下,本申请中的永磁电机与传统永磁电机的输出转矩基本不变,输出脉动一致,本申请的设置具有相当优异的实用价值。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种转子,包括铁芯和磁钢槽组,所述磁钢槽组包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第一磁钢槽,所述第一磁钢槽内设有截面为矩形的磁钢,且两条所述第一磁钢槽之间位于V形尖端处为磁桥,其特征在于,每个所述第一磁钢槽对应地设置有空气槽,所述空气槽设于两条所述第一磁钢槽相夹的一侧,且所述空气槽靠近所述磁钢的边角处。
- 根据权利要求1所述的转子,其特征在于,所述第一磁钢槽包括从V形的尖端到开口方向延伸的第一槽壁和第二槽壁,所述磁钢内嵌于所述第一槽壁和第二槽壁之间,所述第一槽壁设于两条所述第一磁钢槽相夹的一侧,所述磁钢包括与所述第一槽壁垂直的第一端部和第二端部,所述第一端部朝向V形开口方向设置,所述第二端部朝向V形尖端方向设置;所述空气槽包括第一空气槽,所述第一空气槽靠近所述磁钢的所述第一端部处的边角。
- 根据权利要求2所述的转子,其特征在于,所述第一空气槽的槽壁距离所述第一槽壁的最小垂直距离D1为0.2mm到0.3mm;所述第一空气槽的中心距离所述第一端部的垂直距离D2为0.2mm到0.3mm;所述第一磁钢槽还包括与所述第一槽壁连接且朝向两个所述第一磁钢槽夹角内侧偏转的第三槽壁,所述第一空气槽的槽壁距离所述第三槽壁的最小垂直距离D3为0.2到0.3mm。
- 根据权利要求2所述的转子,其特征在于,所述空气槽还包括第二空气槽,所述第二空气槽靠近所述磁钢的所述第二端部处的边角。
- 根据权利要求4所述的转子,其特征在于,所述第二空气槽的槽壁距离所述第一槽壁的最小垂直距离D4为0.2mm到0.4mm;所述第二空气槽的中心距离所述第二端部的垂直距离D5为0.6mm到0.8mm。
- 根据权利要求4所述的转子,其特征在于,所述第一空气槽和第二空气槽为椭圆形。
- 根据权利要求6所述的转子,其特征在于,所述第一空气槽的长轴L1的长度为0.5mm到0.6mm,短轴L2的长度为0.3mm到0.4mm,且所述长轴与第一槽壁的夹角A为20°到35°;所述第二空气槽的长轴L3的长度为0.6mm到0.7mm,短轴L4的长度为0.3mm到0.4mm,且所述长轴与所述第一槽壁的夹角B为20°到35°。
- 根据权利要求1所述的转子,其特征在于,所述磁钢槽组还包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第二磁钢槽,所述第二磁钢槽设于所述第一磁钢槽远离所述铁芯中心的一侧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的转子,其特征在于,两条所述第一磁钢槽之间的夹角小于15°。
- 一种永磁电机,其特征在于,所述永磁电机包括如权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的转子。
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