WO2022114098A1 - Cultivation system and cultivation method for water-grown wasabi - Google Patents

Cultivation system and cultivation method for water-grown wasabi Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022114098A1
WO2022114098A1 PCT/JP2021/043319 JP2021043319W WO2022114098A1 WO 2022114098 A1 WO2022114098 A1 WO 2022114098A1 JP 2021043319 W JP2021043319 W JP 2021043319W WO 2022114098 A1 WO2022114098 A1 WO 2022114098A1
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Prior art keywords
cultivation
water
wasabi
soil
covering member
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PCT/JP2021/043319
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佑二 木場
章洋 小林
貴文 廣瀬
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宇部エクシモ株式会社
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Priority to JP2022565431A priority Critical patent/JPWO2022114098A1/ja
Priority to CN202180077026.4A priority patent/CN116528661A/en
Publication of WO2022114098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022114098A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

Definitions

  • This technique relates to the wasabi cultivation system and cultivation method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a wasabi cultivation system and a cultivation method that can realize high efficiency.
  • wasabi cultivation is carried out in a limited area where abundant mountainous land and cultivated water can be used.
  • cultivation in mountainous areas poses a risk of disease susceptibility due to the collapse of wasabi fields due to turbid flow caused by floods and the mixing of germs with the cultivated water, and the problem of reduced production has been pointed out.
  • the wasabi releases a growth-inhibiting component from the roots, causing self-poisoning and slowing the growth of the rhizome of the wasabi.
  • Patent Document 1 has a house cultivation section configured by covering the upper part of each of a plurality of cultivation areas provided in a soil area with a covering body, and each of the house cultivation sections is provided with a sprinkling section for sprinkling cultivation water. At the same time, a drainage section is provided to drain the cultivation water sprinkled from this sprinkling section to the outside of the house cultivation section, and the drainage section of one of the adjacent house cultivation sections and the watering section of the other house cultivation section are sprinkled.
  • a wasabi cultivation plant in which a wastewater section of one house cultivation section is configured to supply cultivation water from a drainage section of another house cultivation section to a sprinkling section of another house cultivation section.
  • This technique is a wasabi cultivation method that can reliably supply the amount of cultivation water required for wasabi cultivation to the roots and construct a cultivation environment in which growth-inhibiting components can be efficiently washed away.
  • a planting unit is prepared by combining a plurality of spacing cassettes in which a plurality of planting holes are arranged in one or two rows on an elongated plate-shaped main body having heat insulating properties and light-shielding properties.
  • Each body of the pacing cassette is aligned and arranged in the same hydroponic bed so that it is at a predetermined height from the bottom of the hydroponic bed, and plant seedlings are fixed in each planting hole with a fixing material.
  • a method for hydroponically cultivating a plant which can widen the alignment interval of the spacing cassette according to the growth stage of the plant, is disclosed, and it is described that the swamp wasabi can be cultivated using this method.
  • a cultivation area is created in an area where cultivation water can be secured in the mountainous area, a soil layer is created by laminating sieved stone gravel sand, and the cultivation water is guided to the surface water that flows to the soil surface.
  • a cultivation method characterized by being divided into seepage water that permeates the inside of the soil. In this method, since the cultivated water flows on the soil, weeds are difficult to grow, dead leaves and debris can be washed away, and the environment around the wasabi can be kept at a temperature suitable for cultivation.
  • Patent Document 2 since the method of Patent Document 2 is hydroponic cultivation, the medium is only a nutrient solution in the lower part of the hydroponic cultivation bed, and the roots of Sawa wasabi are not fixed and sway, resulting in poor growth for about one year. Only about 70 g / strain can be harvested by cultivation, and there is a problem that the production amount is small.
  • FIG. 13 shows the state of uneven growth of wasabi that occurred when a general wasabi cultivation system was used.
  • the main purpose of this technique is to provide a method for cultivating wasabi, which selectively infiltrates water only at the root of wasabi and constantly flows water to the surface of the cultivation area.
  • the cultivation water can be continuously supplied to the cultivation water holding unit.
  • the cultivated water holding portion of the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique may include a surface water discharging portion for discharging cultivated water on the surface of the ground covering member.
  • the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technology may be provided with a seepage water discharge unit which is arranged in the lower part of the soil and discharges the cultivation water which has permeated the soil.
  • the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique may be provided with a weight portion on the upper surface of the ground covering member to bring the ground covering member into close contact with the soil.
  • the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technology can be provided with a permeation water control unit that controls the permeation amount of the cultivation water from the through hole to the soil.
  • the ground covering member of the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique may be provided with a second through hole in which wasabi is not planted. In the wasabi cultivation system related to this technique, the soil is laid and a cultivation tank with a slope on the bottom is used.
  • the bottom of the cultivation tank may be provided with one or a plurality of porous tubes arranged to the most downstream of the cultivation tank with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water.
  • the starting point of the perforated tube can be defined between the most upstream and the most downstream of the cultivation tank.
  • the cultivated water discharged in the surface water discharge step can be discharged from the wasabi cultivation system without being circulated.
  • the cultivated water discharged in the seepage water discharge step is It can be discharged from the wasabi cultivation system without being circulated.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface.
  • 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface.
  • A is the result of CFD analysis of the wasabi field longitudinal cross section without the perforated tube 13
  • B is the cross section (width) at a depth of 25 mm from the wasabi field surface without the perforated tube 13.
  • the result of the CFD analysis in the direction 1/2) is shown in C, the result of the CFD analysis of the longitudinal cross section of the wasabi field with the perforated tube 13 installed, and D is the surface of the wasabi field with the perforated tube 13 installed.
  • the result of the CFD analysis of the cross section (1/2 in the width direction) at the depth position from 25 mm to 25 mm is shown.
  • It is a schematic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction which shows the 7th Embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 which concerns on this invention, and B of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the PP line of A. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the state of the growth unevenness of wasabi which occurred when the general cultivation system (Comparative Example 2) was used. It is a growth difference comparative photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1. It is a growth photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Example 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an upward view seen from above of the first embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique.
  • the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention according to the present invention has at least a soil cultivation 11, a ground covering member 12, and a cultivation water holding portion 13. Further, if necessary, a seepage water discharge section 14, a weight section 15, a seepage water control section 16, a cultivation water supply section 17, a cultivation tank T, a perforated tube 18, and the like can be provided.
  • each part will be described in detail.
  • Soil 11 The wasabi cultivation system related to this technique uses soil with a structure that allows water to permeate, not hydroponics. As the composition of the soil 11 can be used, the soil 11 that can be used for general wasabi cultivation can be used as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired.
  • a structure in which soils having different particle sizes are laminated in multiple layers For example, a plurality of (for example, three) stone layers (each layer, for example, about 20 cm) having different average particle sizes are formed in multiple stages above and below, and the average particle size increases from the upper layer to the lower layer.
  • a soil-growing stone with a diameter of about 1 cm or less is used, and as the intermediate-layer soil-growing stone, a soil-growing stone with a diameter of about 4 cm or less is used.
  • a soil-growing stone in the lowest layer As the soil-growing stone in the lowest layer, a soil-growing stone with a diameter of about 15 cm or more can be adopted.
  • Gravel and soil may be mixed with each stone layer as needed.
  • gravel and soil can be appropriately mixed in the uppermost layer for planting wasabi seedlings for the purpose of imparting appropriate water retention.
  • the soil 11 is configured so that the permeation amount of the cultivated water W is constant at all positions in the horizontal direction. That is, it is preferable to configure the soil so that the porosity is the same at all positions in the horizontal direction. Specifically, it is preferable to spread the stone gravel sand in the soil so that the boundary surface of each layer is located at the same height at all positions in the horizontal direction.
  • the surface of the soil 11 flat.
  • the surface of the soil 11 By flattening the surface of the soil covering 11, when the ground covering member 12 described later is installed, unevenness is prevented on the surface thereof, and the cultivation water in the cultivation water holding portion 13 on the ground covering member 12 is prevented. It is possible to prevent the stagnation of the flow of W. As a result, the permeation amount of the cultivation water W from the through holes 121 of the ground covering member 12 described later can be kept constant in all the through holes 121.
  • the cultivation environment in the cultivation system is stable, and uneven growth of wasabi in one cultivation system can be prevented.
  • the amount of cultivated water W permeated into the soil 11 can be measured by the following procedure. First, the amount of cultivated water W supplied to the soil 11 is measured in hours. Next, the amount of cultivated water W discharged from the surface water discharge unit 131, which will be described later, is measured on an hourly basis, and the amount of cultivated water W permeated into the soil 11 is determined by dividing the amount of discharge from the supply amount. Can be calculated.
  • the permeation amount of the cultivated water W per hole of the through hole 121 of the ground covering member 12 to be described later can be calculated by dividing the permeation amount of the cultivated water W into the soil 11 by the number of through holes 121. .. Further, the ground covering member 12 described later may be provided with only one through hole 121 to measure the permeation amount of the cultivated water W into the soil production 11.
  • the permeation amount of the cultivated water W per through hole 121 is preferably 50 to 3000 mL / min, more preferably 100 to 1500 mL / min in order to suppress the amount of water used, and as will be described later, the root of wasabi. For efficient cleaning, 150-750 mL / min is more preferred.
  • the soil 11 is configured so that the permeation amount of the cultivation water W per one hole of the through hole 121 at all the positions in the horizontal direction is within the above range. Is preferable.
  • the ground covering member 12 is in the form of a sheet or a plate having a water permeability of 50% or less, and is arranged on the soil 11.
  • the ground covering member 12 is provided with a through hole 121 through which the wasabi seedlings can penetrate, and the cultivation water W permeates through the through hole 121 into the soil production 11.
  • the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technology, by equipping the soil 11 with a ground covering member 12 provided with a through hole 121, it is possible to suppress the infiltration of water from a portion other than the through hole 121 into the soil 11. Therefore, water can be selectively permeated into the soil 11 from only the through hole 121, and only the root of the wasabi can be washed away intensively, and the cultivated water W can be constantly flowed to the surface of the cultivated area. ..
  • the growth-inhibiting component released from the root of wasabi can be washed away, and the adhesion of dirt on the surface of the cultivated area, that is, the surface of the wasabi field can be prevented, and the rhizome of wasabi with good color development can be efficiently produced.
  • the form of the through hole 121 is a size capable of planting wasabi seedlings, and is not particularly limited as long as the effect of this technique is not impaired.
  • the shape can be freely designed such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.
  • the through hole 121 is too small, it will not be possible to plant wasabi seedlings, and the amount of permeation of the cultivated water W will decrease, which may affect the growth of wasabi. On the contrary, if it is too large, the permeation of the cultivated water W from the through hole 121 into the soil 11 may become too large, or an excessive flow of the cultivated water W may be created outside the range where the roots of wasabi are grown. be. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately design the size of the through hole 121 according to the size of the wasabi seedlings, the preferable amount of the cultivation water W to be infiltrated into the soil 11, and the like.
  • the amount of cultivated water W that permeates the inside of the soil 11 can be adjusted by the size of the through hole 121, so that the smaller the amount, the less the amount of cultivated water W used.
  • the size of the through hole 121 is preferably 1 to 15 cm in diameter, more preferably 1.5 to 10 cm in diameter, and even more preferably 5.5 to 6.5 cm in diameter.
  • the arrangement of the through holes 121 in the ground covering member 12 is not limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired, and can be arranged in a grid pattern, a staggered pattern, or randomly. Further, the distance between the through hole 121 and the through hole 121 is not limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired. For example, depending on the variety of wasabi, it may grow better if it is planted densely within a range that does not interfere with the roots. Therefore, in this technique, it is preferable to maintain an interval of 15 to 25 cm in consideration of efficient growth according to the variety of wasabi.
  • the space between the through hole 121 and the through hole 121 at an interval of +1 to 20 cm with respect to the average root spread in the varieties of wasabi to be planted, and at an interval of +5 to 10 cm. It is more preferable to do so.
  • Sawa wasabi seedlings are planted from the through hole 121 of the ground covering member 12 so that the root portion is immersed in the soil 11 (see FIG. 3).
  • the variety of wasabi is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, a true wife, and the type of seedling is not particularly limited, and can be a melikron seedling, a split seedling, a seedling, a sprout seedling, or the like.
  • the water permeability of the ground covering member 12 may be 50% or less, preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, further preferably 10% or less, and 0% is the best.
  • the form of the ground covering member 12 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired.
  • it can be freely designed in a sheet shape, a film shape, a plate shape, or the like.
  • the material used to form the ground covering member 12 is also a material having a water permeability of 50% or less, and can be freely selected as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired.
  • one kind or two or more kinds of resin, wood, metal, glass, non-woven fabric and the like can be freely laminated or combined and used.
  • the thickness of the ground covering member 12 is preferably such that the shoots are not covered because the photosynthesis of the shoots growing from the wasabi seedlings is not inhibited. Specifically, the thickness of the ground covering member 12 is preferably 3 cm or less, and more preferably 2 cm or less.
  • the color of the ground covering member 12 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired.
  • a color having a high solar reflectance such as white or silver is particularly preferable.
  • the ground covering member 12 having a color having a high solar reflectance By using the ground covering member 12 having a color having a high solar reflectance, the amount of solar radiation to the soil 11 can be reduced and the temperature of the soil 11 can be kept low. Further, it is also possible to impart a pest repellent effect by using a silver-colored metal-colored covering member 12.
  • the Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 can be provided with a surface water control unit that controls the flow path of the cultivation water W (hereinafter, also referred to as “surface water”) flowing on the ground covering member 12.
  • surface water controls the flow path of the cultivation water W (hereinafter, also referred to as “surface water”) flowing on the ground covering member 12.
  • the configuration of the surface water control unit is not particularly limited as long as the flow path of the cultivated water on the ground covering member 12 can be controlled.
  • the configuration of the surface water control unit is not particularly limited as long as the flow path of the cultivated water on the ground covering member 12 can be controlled.
  • ridges can be formed as shown in FIG. 4, for example. Since the cultivated water flows through the rows of furrows, the cultivated water W can be surely flowed to the planting part.
  • walking in a row or pressing a board can be considered as a method of forming the ridges.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view schematically showing a modified example of the first embodiment of the ground covering member 12,
  • A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ground covering member 12 viewed from the side surface side, and B1 to B3 are ground covering members. It is the upper view schematic diagram which looked at the member 12 from the upper direction.
  • the ground covering member 12 of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique may be provided with a second through hole 122 in which the wasabi is not planted.
  • the cultivation water W can be infiltrated from the second through hole 122 as well, so that the cultivation water W can be efficiently infiltrated into the root of the wasabi even with the same amount of cultivation water. Can be done.
  • the form of the second through hole 122 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired.
  • the shape can be freely designed such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.
  • the second through hole 122 may have the same form as the through hole 121 in which the wasabi seedlings are planted, as shown in FIG. 5B1, or the wasabi seedlings are planted as shown in FIG. 5B2.
  • the size and shape may be different from those of the through hole 121.
  • the second through holes having different sizes and different shapes are provided. It is also possible to mix 122.
  • the size of the second through hole 122 is also not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 15 cm in diameter, more preferably 1.5 to 10 cm in diameter, and even more preferably 1.5 to 6 cm in diameter.
  • companion plants can be planted in the second through hole 122 in anticipation of the disease prevention effect, pest repellent effect, growth promotion effect, etc. of wasabi.
  • the cultivation water W can be constantly flowed to the surface of the cultivation area.
  • the adhesion of dirt on the surface of the cultivation area that is, the surface of the wasabi field
  • the cultivated water holding unit 13 can be provided with a surface water discharging unit 131 for discharging the cultivated water W on the surface of the ground covering member 12.
  • a surface water discharging unit 131 for discharging the cultivated water W on the surface of the ground covering member 12.
  • the cultivated water W discharged from the surface water discharge unit 131 contains unnecessary substances such as dead leaves and scraps on the surface of the wasabi field, it is preferable to discharge the cultivated water W without circulating the cultivation system.
  • the swamp wasabi cultivation system 1 can be provided with a seepage water discharge unit 14 that does not emit the cultivation water W (hereinafter, also referred to as “penetration water”) that has permeated the soil 11.
  • penetration water the cultivation water W
  • penetration water an appropriate water flow is generated in the cultivated water W that has permeated the soil 11 and the stagnation of the cultivated water W in the soil 11 can be prevented.
  • nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the cultivated water can be continuously supplied to the roots of wasabi, and the growth-inhibiting components released from the roots of wasabi can be washed away to promote the growth of wasabi.
  • the arrangement of the seepage water discharge unit 14 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of this technique is not impaired.
  • the structure may be provided with the permeated water discharge unit 14.
  • the cultivated water W discharged from the seepage water discharge unit 14 contains a growth inhibitory component released from the root of wasabi, it is preferable to discharge the cultivated water W without circulating the cultivation system.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique as viewed from the side surface.
  • the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique may be provided with a weight portion 15 for bringing the ground covering member 12 into close contact with the soil production 11 on the upper surface of the ground covering member 12.
  • the adhesion between the ground covering member 12 and the soil 11 can be improved, and unnecessary permeation of the cultivated water W into the soil 11 can be prevented.
  • the material constituting the weight portion 15 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that serves as a weight for bringing the ground covering member 12 into close contact with the soil production 11.
  • the weight portion 15 may be formed by placing stones, gravel, soil, etc. used for the above-mentioned soil production 11 on the upper surface of the ground covering member 12.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique as viewed from the side surface.
  • the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technology can be provided with a permeation water control unit 16 that controls the permeation amount of the cultivation water W from the through hole 121 into the soil 11.
  • a permeation water control unit 16 that controls the permeation amount of the cultivation water W from the through hole 121 into the soil 11.
  • the configuration of the permeation water control unit 16 is not particularly limited as long as the amount of permeation of the cultivated water W into the soil 11 can be controlled.
  • the stone, gravel, soil, etc. used for the above-mentioned soil cultivation 11 are put on the entire upper surface including the through hole 12 of the ground covering member 12.
  • the stones, gravel, soil, etc. used for the soil production 11 can fulfill the function of the above-mentioned weight portion 15 while fulfilling the function of the seepage water control unit 16.
  • the permeation amount of the cultivated water W from the through hole 121 to the soil 11 is not different in each through hole 121.
  • the difference in the amount of osmotic water between the portion where the amount of osmotic water from the through hole 121 is the largest and the portion where the amount of osmotic water from the through hole is the smallest is preferably 50% or less, and the smaller the difference is. preferable.
  • the wasabi cultivation system 1 may be provided with a cultivation water supply unit 17.
  • the cultivation water W is continuously supplied to the cultivation water holding unit 13 described above.
  • water can be taken from a water source such as a well or a water tank by a water pump or the like, and the cultivated water W can be continuously supplied to the cultivated water holding unit 13.
  • the cultivation water supply unit 17 is not indispensable, and an external hose or water pipe can be used.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface.
  • the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the sixth embodiment is characterized by including a cultivation tank T having a slope on the bottom surface and one or a plurality of perforated tubes 18.
  • the cultivation tank T is preferably formed of, for example, a material whose surroundings are not destroyed or leaked, and is formed in a pool shape. Specifically, for example, it is composed of a ridge plate and a sheet.
  • the material of the slab is not particularly limited, but may be made of plastic, for example.
  • the sheet can be, for example, capable of suppressing the penetration of water. More specifically, around the land excavated for installing the soil 11 (for example, flat land, mountainous area, etc.), a ridge plate is installed in the form of being driven into clay soil.
  • a tank is formed by installing the ridge plate, and the sheet is installed in a pool shape so that water does not seep out from the tank.
  • the width, length, depth, etc. of the cultivation tank T are not particularly limited and can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art. Further, the cultivation tank T may be constructed inside a factory, an agricultural house, a tunnel, or the like.
  • the slope is preferably 1/1000 to 1/20 from the most upstream T1 to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T from the viewpoint of not retaining the cultivation water near the bottom surface of the cultivation tank T and from the viewpoint of creation. , 1/500 to 1/30, more preferably 1/200 to 1/50.
  • Porous tube 18 One or a plurality of perforated tubes 18 are arranged up to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water W. In the present technique, it is particularly preferable that a plurality of porous tubes 18 are arranged as shown in FIG. 12, which will be described later.
  • the starting point 180 of the porous tube 18 is defined between the most upstream T1 and the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T.
  • the cultivation water W is prevented from staying at the bottom of the cultivation tank T, the permeability of the cultivation water W is averaged over the entire wasabi field, and uneven growth can be prevented and good growth can be obtained.
  • the hole formed in the porous tube 18 is preferably sized so that gravel does not enter. If the holes are too narrow, clogging will occur, but if the holes are too large, the soil will pass through and the soil for the medium will decrease. Further, the hole may be formed on the entire peripheral surface of the perforated tube 18, or may be formed only on about two-thirds of the peripheral surface. When the holes are formed on the entire peripheral surface of the perforated tube 18, the opening ratio can be, for example, 0.2% or more.
  • the diameter of the perforated tube 18 is not particularly limited, and for example, one having a diameter of 25 mm to ⁇ 200 mm can be used.
  • the length of the perforated tube 18 in the flow direction of the cultivated water W is not particularly limited, and for example, one having 1 m to 10 m can be used.
  • the starting point 180 of the porous tube 18 is preferably defined based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis.
  • CFD analysis is an abbreviation for Computational Fluid Dynamics, and is a method for visualizing the flow by analyzing equations related to fluid motion with a computer.
  • Commercially available software can be used for CFD analysis, and for example, Fluent ver19.0 (manufactured by Ansys) or the like can be used.
  • the calculation condition for CFD analysis can be, for example, setting the soil 11 as a porous body and analyzing the behavior of the fluid inside the porous body.
  • the physical properties required for analysis are the density (kg / m 3 ), viscosity (kg / m ⁇ s), flow rate (cm 3 / min), and porosity, which are the conditions of the fluid (water and water temperature are set appropriately).
  • It is a viscous resistance coefficient (1 / m 2 ) which is a condition of the body (soil 11).
  • the viscous drag coefficient which is a condition of the porous body, is appropriately set for each soil production 11.
  • the viscosity resistance coefficient is determined by, for example, filling a control soil, infiltrating water into a straight pipe (vertical) that prevents the outflow of the soil 11 with a wire net at the bottom, measuring the water permeability, and measuring the permeability of the pipe. After obtaining the water permeability from the inner diameter area, it can be obtained by Darcy's law expressed by the following formula (1).
  • ⁇ P Pressure loss (Pa) ⁇ : Viscosity (Pa ⁇ s) V: Filter inlet (before entering the filter) Velocity (m / s) ⁇ t: Filter thickness (m) ⁇ : Penetration rate (m 2 ) 1 / ⁇ : Viscous drag coefficient (1 / m 2 )
  • FIG. 11A shows the analysis result of the wasabi field longitudinal cross section in the state where the perforated tube 18 is not installed
  • FIG. 11B shows the cross section at a depth of 25 mm from the wasabi field surface in the state where the perforated tube 18 is not installed.
  • the analysis result in the width direction 1/2) is shown.
  • the starting point 180 of the perforated tube 18 is defined as a center within a section where the flow of cultivated water in the upper layer of the soil-growing portion stays as a result of the CFD analysis, and is defined within a predetermined distance from the center.
  • the section is, for example, the X portion of FIG.
  • the cultivation water W in the upper layer of the soil 11 is retained.
  • the cultivation water flows only on the surface layer of the soil 11 and the bottom surface (gravel layer) of the soil 11 having high permeability, and the cultivation water W near the upper layer (coarse sand layer) of the soil 11 where the roots of wasabi seedlings grow. Refers to the part where is not flowing very much.
  • FIG. 11C shows the analysis result of the wasabi field longitudinal cross section with the perforated tube 18 installed
  • FIG. 11D shows the cross section at a depth of 25 mm from the wasabi field surface with the perforated tube 18 installed (width direction 1 /).
  • the analysis result of 2) is shown.
  • the cultivation water W moves from a place where the void ratio is low to a place where the void ratio is high, and the cultivation water W permeates from the upper part of the porous tube 18 in order to fill the inside of the porous tube 18, and as a result, the vicinity of the porous tube 18 on the upstream side. Improves the penetration of cultivated water. Also in FIG. 11D, it can be seen that by arranging the perforated tube 18, the portion where the color is displayed dark (X portion in FIG. 11B) is displayed lightly. In the present invention, the perforated tube 18 is arranged up to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water W, and the permeated cultivation water W is transferred to the downstream part.
  • the starting point 180 of the perforated pipe 18 identifies the layer determined to be the slowest at the flow velocity from the surface of the soil 11 to a depth of 100 mm as a result of the CFD analysis, and is further determined to be the slowest in the layer cross section. It is more preferable to specify the center in the section to be formed and to specify the center within 2000 mm (preferably within 1500 mm) in the flow direction from the center. As a result, it is possible to more reliably prevent the retention of the cultivated water W in the vicinity of the upper layer (coarse sand layer) of the soil 11 and eliminate the uneven growth.
  • the cultivation tank T preferably has, for example, a substantially rectangular shape around it (the shape when the cultivation tank T is viewed from directly above).
  • the cultivation tank T in the present technique, when three or more porous tubes 18 are arranged, they are substantially parallel to each other and flow of each other's cultivation water as shown in FIG. 12B described later. It is more preferable to install the installation at an equal distance in the direction orthogonal to the direction.
  • the distance between the porous tubes 18 penetrates in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the cultivated water W.
  • the distance at which the cultivated water W can be recovered is preferable. More specifically, for example, it is 200 mm to 2000 mm, and more preferably 500 mm to 1500 mm.
  • the perforated pipe 18 is provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the amount of drainage at the drain port thereof.
  • the adjusting mechanism may be, for example, a water diversion faucet, an opening / closing mechanism, an adjusting valve, or the like.
  • the drainage amount adjusting mechanism it is possible to adjust the permeated water amount and the surface water amount of the cultivated water W, and it is possible to change the permeated water amount and the surface water level.
  • the surface water level is appropriately raised by reducing the amount of permeated water so that the surface water reaches the surface at the end of the soil 11 or further reducing the amount of permeated water according to the growing condition of wasabi.
  • the cultivated water W can be distributed to all the seedlings, and the fallen leaves at the time of growth can be efficiently washed away.
  • the cultivation water discharged from the perforated tube 18 may be collected and introduced into the cultivation tank T in the lower stage.
  • the Sawa wasabi cultivation method according to this technique is a method of performing a cultivation water supply step, a cultivation water infiltration step, a surface water discharge step, and a seepage water discharge step using the cultivation system described above. be. Since the details of each process are the same as the functions performed by each part of the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique, the description thereof is omitted here.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction showing a seventh embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique
  • FIG. 11B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line P-P of A. ..
  • the cultivation tank T in which the soil 11 is laid and has a slope on the bottom surface and the cultivation water W is introduced into the cultivation tank T from the uppermost stream T1 of the cultivation tank T.
  • the cultivation water supply unit 17 and one or a plurality of porous tubes 18 arranged at the bottom of the cultivation tank T up to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water W are provided.
  • the starting point 180 of the perforated tube 18 is the Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 defined between the most upstream T1 and the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T.
  • a cultivation tank with soil laid and a slope on the bottom A cultivation water supply unit that introduces cultivation water from the uppermost stream of the cultivation tank into the cultivation tank, and At the bottom of the cultivation tank, one or more porous tubes arranged to the most downstream of the cultivation tank with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water, It is a cultivation system of wasabi that is equipped with The starting point of the perforated tube is a wasabi cultivation system defined between the most upstream and the most downstream of the cultivation tank. [2] The starting point of the perforated tube is the wasabi cultivation system according to [1], which is defined based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis.
  • the starting point of the perforated pipe identifies the layer determined to be the slowest at a flow velocity of 100 mm from the surface of the soil-growing portion, and further within the section determined to be the slowest in the cross section of the layer.
  • a method for cultivating wasabi in which cultivation water is introduced from the cultivation water supply unit to the uppermost stream of the cultivation tank.
  • a method for cultivating wasabi in which the permeation of the cultivated water is controlled by the arrangement position of the porous tube.
  • a method for cultivating wasabi wherein the drainage amount is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to control the permeation water amount and the surface water amount of the cultivation water.
  • the cultivation water W is introduced from the cultivation water supply unit to the most upstream (inclined upstream) T1 of the cultivation tank T.
  • the cultivated water W for example, groundwater, swamp water, or the like can be used. Further, the cultivated water W may contain fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in order to supplement the nutrient deficiency.
  • the cultivation water W can be introduced, for example, via a water pump or the like.
  • the amount of cultivated water W to be introduced is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately set the amount of water as needed.
  • the water temperature of the cultivated water W is also not particularly limited and can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
  • the permeation of the cultivation water W is controlled by the arrangement position of the porous tube 18. As described above, when the cultivation water W moves from the portion without the porous tube 18 to the portion with the porous tube 18, the cultivation water W moves from the place where the porosity is low to the place where the porosity is high, and the porous tube 18 is moved. Cultivated water W permeates from the upper part of the porous tube 18 to fill the inside. Thereby, the permeation of the cultivation water W can be adjusted by changing the arrangement position of the perforated tube 18.
  • the details of the soil cultivation 11, the cultivation tank T, the cultivation water supply unit 17, and the perforated tube 18 are the same as described above, so the description thereof is omitted here.
  • Example 1 In Experimental Example 1, the growth of wasabi was observed in the case where the wasabi was cultivated using the wasabi cultivation system according to this technique and the case where the wasabi was cultivated using a general method for cultivating wasabi. A comparison was made.
  • Example 1 In the cultivation tank, gravel, sand, and coarse sand are laminated in this order from the bottom to create soil, and the soil is washed with a sufficient amount of cultivation water.
  • a soil covering member Iwatani Reverse Multi Black and White for vegetable garden (manufactured by Iwatani Material Co., Ltd.)) with 5 cm round holes opened in a grid pattern at intervals of 0.25 m is laid, and Sawa wasabi seedlings are placed in each round hole. Planted up to.
  • Groundwater was continuously introduced from the head of the cultivation tank at a water volume of 5 L / min by a water pump.
  • Example 2 In the cultivation tank (wasabi field), gravel, sand, and coarse sand are laminated in this order from the bottom to create soil, and the soil is washed with a sufficient amount of cultivation water.
  • a soil covering member three-layer silver poly for heat insulation (manufactured by Iwatani Material Co., Ltd.)) with round holes with a diameter of 2.5 cm opened in a grid pattern at intervals of 0.25 m, 0.20 m, and 0.175 m was laid.
  • a flow path for cultivated water was formed for each row of seedlings, soil was placed in each round hole to control the amount of seepage water, and Sawa wasabi seedlings were planted up to the root of the plant.
  • Groundwater was continuously introduced from the head of the cultivation tank at a water volume of 250 L / min by a water pump.
  • Examples 1 and 2 had no uneven growth and good growth as compared with Comparative Example 1. Further, as shown in Table 1 and FIG. 14, it was found that Examples 1 and 2 had a faster growth rate than Comparative Example 1 and could efficiently cultivate wasabi.
  • Example 3 A soil similar to that of Example 2 was prepared in a cultivation tank having a length of 8 m and a width of 3.2 m, a groundwater covering member similar to that of Example 2 was spread on the soil, and 250 L was used by a water pump. Groundwater was continuously introduced from the head of the cultivation tank with a water volume of / min.
  • Example 3 the cultivated water flowed on the surface of the ground covering member without interruption to the end. In addition, it was verified that the soil was not filled with water when the ground covering member was turned over, and that efficient infiltration was possible.
  • Example 4 A soil with a slope of 1/50 is created by laminating gravel, sand, and coarse sand in this order from the bottom in a cultivation tank with a width of 4000 mm and a length of 8000 mm, and the soil is cultivated using a sufficient amount of cultivation water. The soil was washed, and Sawa wasabi seedlings were planted up to the root of the soil in the central part of the soil after washing. Groundwater was introduced into the uppermost stream of the cultivation tank at a water volume of 250 L / min by a water pump.
  • the layer determined to be the slowest at the flow velocity from the surface of the soil to a depth of 100 mm was defined as a 25 mm deep layer at the bottom of the cultivation tank.
  • the section judged to be the slowest in the layer cross section is set to 5000 mm from the head, and the position 1000 mm in front of the center is set as the starting point, and four perforated pipes (4 m x ⁇ 65 mm, toyodren double pipe TDW65 (entire surface)) are set.
  • a perforated tube; 8 rows of holes)) was arranged.
  • the distance between the perforated tubes was made uniform, and each was 1000 mm in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the cultivated water.
  • FIG. 15 shows a drawing-substituting photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Example 4, and FIG. 13 shows a drawing-substituting photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Comparative Example 2. show. It was found that Example 4 had no uneven growth and had good growth as compared with Comparative Example 2. It was also found that in Example 4, the growth rate was faster than that of the comparative example, and the cultivation cycle was short.

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Abstract

Provided is a water-grown wasabi cultivation method in which water is always allowed to flow over the surface of a cultivation region while water is caused to selectively permeate only to a root portion of water-grown wasabi.　Provided is a water-grown wasabi cultivation system having: plowed soil; a sheet-like or plate-like ground cover member that is disposed on the plowed soil, has through holes through which seedlings of water-grown wasabi can pass, and has a water permeability of 50% or less; and a cultivation water retention unit that is disposed on the ground cover member, and retains cultivation water over the entire surface of the ground cover member. The cultivation water penetrates the plowed soil from the cultivation water retention unit through the through holes.

Description

沢わさび栽培システム及び栽培方法Wasabi cultivation system and cultivation method
　本技術は、沢わさび栽培システム及び栽培方法に関する。より詳しくは、高い効率化を実現し得る沢わさび栽培システム及び栽培方法に関する。 This technique relates to the wasabi cultivation system and cultivation method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a wasabi cultivation system and a cultivation method that can realize high efficiency.
　従来の沢わさび栽培は、山間部の土地と栽培水が豊富に利用できる、限定された地域で行われている。しかし、山間部での栽培は、水害での濁流によるわさび田の崩壊や、雑菌が栽培水に混ざることで病気にかかりやすくなるリスクが存在し、生産量の減少という課題が指摘されている。また、沢わさび栽培において、沢わさびは、根から成長阻害成分を放出して自家中毒を起こし沢わさびの根茎の生育が鈍化する課題も指摘されている。 Conventional wasabi cultivation is carried out in a limited area where abundant mountainous land and cultivated water can be used. However, cultivation in mountainous areas poses a risk of disease susceptibility due to the collapse of wasabi fields due to turbid flow caused by floods and the mixing of germs with the cultivated water, and the problem of reduced production has been pointed out. In addition, in the cultivation of wasabi, it has been pointed out that the wasabi releases a growth-inhibiting component from the roots, causing self-poisoning and slowing the growth of the rhizome of the wasabi.
　このような従来の沢わさび栽培の問題点を解決するために、近年、山間部以外での栽培を可能とし、災害や病気リスクが回避できる沢わさび栽培方法が種々提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、土壌地域に複数設けた栽培領域夫々の上方を覆い体で覆って構成したハウス栽培部を有し、この各ハウス栽培部に、栽培用水を散水する散水部を設けるとともに、この散水部から散水された栽培用水を前記ハウス栽培部の外部に排水する排水部を設け、隣接する前記ハウス栽培部のうち一のハウス栽培部の排水部と他のハウス栽培部の散水部とを連設して、一のハウス栽培部の排水部から他のハウス栽培部の散水部に栽培用水を供給するように構成したわさび栽培プラントが開示されている。この技術は、確実に沢わさび栽培に必要な栽培水量を、根元に集中して供給でき、成長阻害成分を効率的に洗い流せる栽培環境を構築できる沢わさび栽培方法である。 In order to solve such problems of conventional wasabi cultivation, various methods of wasabi cultivation have been proposed in recent years, which enable cultivation in areas other than mountainous areas and avoid disasters and disease risks. For example, Patent Document 1 has a house cultivation section configured by covering the upper part of each of a plurality of cultivation areas provided in a soil area with a covering body, and each of the house cultivation sections is provided with a sprinkling section for sprinkling cultivation water. At the same time, a drainage section is provided to drain the cultivation water sprinkled from this sprinkling section to the outside of the house cultivation section, and the drainage section of one of the adjacent house cultivation sections and the watering section of the other house cultivation section are sprinkled. A wasabi cultivation plant is disclosed in which a wastewater section of one house cultivation section is configured to supply cultivation water from a drainage section of another house cultivation section to a sprinkling section of another house cultivation section. This technique is a wasabi cultivation method that can reliably supply the amount of cultivation water required for wasabi cultivation to the roots and construct a cultivation environment in which growth-inhibiting components can be efficiently washed away.
　また、特許文献２には、断熱性および遮光性を有する細長い板状の本体に複数の定植穴を１条または２条配列したスペーシングカセットを複数組み合わせてなる定植ユニットを用意し、複数のスペーシングカセットのそれぞれの本体が水耕栽培ベットの底面から所定の高さになるように同じ水耕栽培ベットに整列配置すると共に、各定植穴に植物の苗を固定資材で固定し、さらに、植物の生育段階に応じてスペーシングカセットの整列間隔を広げていくことができる、植物の養液栽培方法が開示されており、この方法を用いて沢わさびを栽培できることが記載されている。 Further, in Patent Document 2, a planting unit is prepared by combining a plurality of spacing cassettes in which a plurality of planting holes are arranged in one or two rows on an elongated plate-shaped main body having heat insulating properties and light-shielding properties. Each body of the pacing cassette is aligned and arranged in the same hydroponic bed so that it is at a predetermined height from the bottom of the hydroponic bed, and plant seedlings are fixed in each planting hole with a fixing material. A method for hydroponically cultivating a plant, which can widen the alignment interval of the spacing cassette according to the growth stage of the plant, is disclosed, and it is described that the swamp wasabi can be cultivated using this method.
　その他の方法として、畳石式で造成されたわさび田を用いる方法がある。この方法は、山間部の栽培水が確保できる地区に栽培領域を造成し、ふるい分けした石礫砂を積層して作土層を造成し、栽培水を導水して、作土表面に流れる表面水と作土内部に浸透する浸透水に分かれることを特徴とした栽培方法である。この方法では、作土上に栽培水が流れているため、雑草が生えにくく、枯葉や屑を流すことができ、沢わさび周辺の環境を栽培に適した温度に保つことができる。 As another method, there is a method using wasabi fields created by the tatami-ishi method. In this method, a cultivation area is created in an area where cultivation water can be secured in the mountainous area, a soil layer is created by laminating sieved stone gravel sand, and the cultivation water is guided to the surface water that flows to the soil surface. It is a cultivation method characterized by being divided into seepage water that permeates the inside of the soil. In this method, since the cultivated water flows on the soil, weeds are difficult to grow, dead leaves and debris can be washed away, and the environment around the wasabi can be kept at a temperature suitable for cultivation.
特開２０１１－４６８３号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-4683 特開平９－２３７７４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-23774
　前述のように、沢わさびの栽培方法について、様々な技術が開発されているが、まだまだ課題が多いのも実情である。具体的には、特許文献１の方法は、散水位置が根元しかなく、栽培領域表面に栽培水が流れていないため、作土に雑草や苔が生えること、枯葉や屑が流されず汚れること、根茎が水に浸からないために緑色の発色が悪くなること、作土表面層が冷やされず栽培環境が悪くなる、といった課題があった。 As mentioned above, various techniques have been developed for the cultivation method of wasabi, but the reality is that there are still many issues. Specifically, in the method of Patent Document 1, since the watering position is only at the root and the cultivated water does not flow on the surface of the cultivated area, weeds and moss grow on the soil, and dead leaves and debris are not washed away and become dirty. There are problems that the green color is deteriorated because the rhizome is not soaked in water, and the soil surface layer is not cooled and the cultivation environment is deteriorated.
　また、特許文献２の方法は、水耕栽培であるため、水耕栽培ベッド下部には培地が養液しかなく、沢わさびの根が固定されずに揺れ動くので成長が悪くなり、約１年の栽培で約７０ｇ／株しか収穫できず、生産量が少ないという課題がある。 Further, since the method of Patent Document 2 is hydroponic cultivation, the medium is only a nutrient solution in the lower part of the hydroponic cultivation bed, and the roots of Sawa wasabi are not fixed and sway, resulting in poor growth for about one year. Only about 70 g / strain can be harvested by cultivation, and there is a problem that the production amount is small.
　また、畳石式で造成されたわさび田は、流れる水が全体に均一でないこと、栽培領域に部分的に淀みが発生すること、生育速度に差が生じて生産量が安定しないといった課題がある。例えば、一般的な沢わさび栽培システムを用いた場合に生じた沢わさびの生育ムラの様子を、図１３に示す。 In addition, the wasabi fields created by the tatami-ishi method have problems such as uneven flowing water, partial stagnation in the cultivated area, and differences in growth rate, resulting in unstable production. For example, FIG. 13 shows the state of uneven growth of wasabi that occurred when a general wasabi cultivation system was used.
　そこで、本技術では、沢わさび根元のみに選択的に水を浸透させると共に、栽培領域表面にも水を常時流す、沢わさび栽培方法を提供することを主目的とする。 Therefore, the main purpose of this technique is to provide a method for cultivating wasabi, which selectively infiltrates water only at the root of wasabi and constantly flows water to the surface of the cultivation area.
　すなわち、本技術では、まず、作土と、
　該作土上に配置され、沢わさびの苗が貫通可能な貫通孔を有する、透水度５０％以下のシート状または板状の地覆部材と、
　該地覆部材の上に配置され、前記地覆部材の表面全体に亘って栽培水を保持する栽培水保持部と、
　を有し、
　前記栽培水保持部から前記貫通孔を通して栽培水が作土へ浸透する、沢わさび栽培システムを提供する。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムでは、前記栽培水保持部へ、連続的に栽培水を供給することができる。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムの前記栽培水保持部は、前記地覆部材の表面上の栽培水を排出する表面水排出部を備えることができる。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムには、前記作土の下部に配置され、作土へ浸透した栽培水を排出する浸透水排出部を備えることができる。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムには、前記地覆部材の上面に、前記地覆部材を前記作土へ密着させる重錘部を備えることができる。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムには、前記貫通孔から前記作土への栽培水の浸透量を制御する浸透水制御部を備えることができる。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムの前記地覆部材には、沢わさびの定植が行われない第２の貫通孔を備えることができる。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムには、前記作土が敷設され、底面に傾斜勾配を有する栽培槽と、
　前記栽培槽の底部に、前記栽培水の流れ方向に対して前記栽培槽の最下流まで配設された１又は複数の多孔管と、を備えることができる。
　この場合、前記多孔管の起点は、前記栽培槽の最上流と最下流との間に規定することができる。 That is, in this technology, first of all, soil cultivation and
A sheet-shaped or plate-shaped ground covering member having a permeability of 50% or less, which is placed on the soil and has a through hole through which wasabi seedlings can penetrate.
A cultivation water holding portion arranged on the ground covering member and holding the cultivation water over the entire surface of the ground covering member,
Have,
Provided is a wasabi cultivation system in which cultivated water permeates the soil from the cultivated water holding portion through the through hole.
In the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique, the cultivation water can be continuously supplied to the cultivation water holding unit.
The cultivated water holding portion of the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique may include a surface water discharging portion for discharging cultivated water on the surface of the ground covering member.
The wasabi cultivation system according to the present technology may be provided with a seepage water discharge unit which is arranged in the lower part of the soil and discharges the cultivation water which has permeated the soil.
The wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique may be provided with a weight portion on the upper surface of the ground covering member to bring the ground covering member into close contact with the soil.
The wasabi cultivation system according to the present technology can be provided with a permeation water control unit that controls the permeation amount of the cultivation water from the through hole to the soil.
The ground covering member of the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique may be provided with a second through hole in which wasabi is not planted.
In the wasabi cultivation system related to this technique, the soil is laid and a cultivation tank with a slope on the bottom is used.
The bottom of the cultivation tank may be provided with one or a plurality of porous tubes arranged to the most downstream of the cultivation tank with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water.
In this case, the starting point of the perforated tube can be defined between the most upstream and the most downstream of the cultivation tank.
　本技術では、次に、作土と、
　該作土上に配置され、沢わさびの根茎が貫通可能な貫通孔を有する、透水度５０％以下のシート状または板状の地覆部材と、
　該地覆部材の上に配置され、前記地覆部材の表面全体に亘って栽培水を保持する栽培水保持部と、
　を有する沢わさび栽培システムを用いて、
　前記栽培水保持部へ連続的に栽培水を供給する栽培水供給工程と、
　前記栽培水保持部から前記貫通孔を通して栽培水を作土へ浸透させる栽培水浸透工程と、
　前記地覆部材の表面上の栽培水を排出する表面水排出工程と、
　前記作土の下部から、作土へ浸透した栽培水を排出する浸透水排出工程と、
　を行う、沢わさび栽培方法を提供する。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培方法において、前記表面水排出工程で排出された栽培水は、循環させずに前記沢わさび栽培システムから排出することができる。
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培方法において、前記浸透水排出工程で排出された栽培水は、
循環させずに前記沢わさび栽培システムから排出することができる。 In this technology, next, soil cultivation and
A sheet-shaped or plate-shaped ground covering member having a permeability of 50% or less, which is placed on the soil and has a through hole through which the rhizome of wasabi can penetrate.
A cultivation water holding portion arranged on the ground covering member and holding the cultivation water over the entire surface of the ground covering member,
Using the wasabi cultivation system that has
A cultivation water supply process for continuously supplying cultivation water to the cultivation water holding portion, and
A cultivation water infiltration step of infiltrating the cultivation water from the cultivation water holding portion through the through hole into the soil.
The surface water discharge step of discharging the cultivation water on the surface of the ground covering member,
A permeation water discharge process that discharges the cultivated water that has permeated the soil from the bottom of the soil,
To provide a method of growing wasabi.
In the wasabi cultivation method according to the present technique, the cultivated water discharged in the surface water discharge step can be discharged from the wasabi cultivation system without being circulated.
In the wasabi cultivation method according to this technique, the cultivated water discharged in the seepage water discharge step is
It can be discharged from the wasabi cultivation system without being circulated.
　本技術によれば、わさび田表面の汚れ付着防止ができ、かつ栽培環境が一定となり、発色性の良好な沢わさびの根茎を、効率的に栽培することができる。
　なお、ここに記載された効果は、必ずしも限定されるものではなく、本明細書中に記載されたいずれかの効果であってもよい。 According to this technique, it is possible to prevent the adhesion of dirt on the surface of wasabi fields, and the cultivation environment is constant, and the rhizome of wasabi with good color development can be efficiently cultivated.
The effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present specification.
本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第１実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。It is sectional drawing which saw the 1st Embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 which concerns on this invention from the side surface side. 本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第１実施形態を上方向から視た上方視模式図である。It is an upward view schematic view which looked at the 1st Embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 which concerns on this invention from the upper direction. 地覆部材１２の貫通孔１２１から、作土１１に植え付けられた沢わさびの様子を示すイメージ図である。It is an image diagram which shows the state of the wasabi planted in the soil 11 from the through hole 121 of the ground covering member 12. 地覆部材１２の上に形成した畝が、表面水制御部として機能する様子を示すイメージ図である。It is an image diagram which shows how the ridge formed on the ground covering member 12 functions as a surface water control part. 地覆部材１２の第１実施形態の変形例を模式的に示す模式図であり、Ａは地覆部材１２を側面側から視た断面模式図であり、Ｂは地覆部材１２を上方向から視た上方視模式図である。It is a schematic diagram schematically showing a modification of the first embodiment of the ground covering member 12, A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ground covering member 12 viewed from the side surface side, and B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ground covering member 12 from above. It is a schematic diagram of the upper view seen. 本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第２実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。It is sectional drawing which saw the 2nd Embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 which concerns on this invention from the side surface side. 本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第３実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。It is sectional drawing which saw the 3rd Embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 which concerns on this invention from the side surface side. 本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第４実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。It is sectional drawing which saw the 4th Embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 which concerns on this invention from the side surface side. 本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第５実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface. 本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第６実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface. Ａは、多孔管１３を設置していない状態のわさび田長手方向断面のＣＦＤ解析の結果を、Ｂは、多孔管１３を設置していない状態のわさび田表面から２５ｍｍ深さ位置の断面（幅方向１／２）のＣＦＤ解析の結果を、Ｃは、多孔管１３を設置した状態のわさび田長手方向断面のＣＦＤ解析の結果を示し、Ｄは、多孔管１３を設置した状態のわさび田表面から２５ｍｍ深さ位置の断面（幅方向１／２）のＣＦＤ解析の結果を示す。A is the result of CFD analysis of the wasabi field longitudinal cross section without the perforated tube 13, and B is the cross section (width) at a depth of 25 mm from the wasabi field surface without the perforated tube 13. The result of the CFD analysis in the direction 1/2) is shown in C, the result of the CFD analysis of the longitudinal cross section of the wasabi field with the perforated tube 13 installed, and D is the surface of the wasabi field with the perforated tube 13 installed. The result of the CFD analysis of the cross section (1/2 in the width direction) at the depth position from 25 mm to 25 mm is shown. 本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第７実施形態を示す長手方向の模式断面図であり、図１１のＢは、ＡのＰ－Ｐ線模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction which shows the 7th Embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 which concerns on this invention, and B of FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the PP line of A. 一般的な栽培システム（比較例２）を用いた場合に生じた沢わさびの生育ムラの様子を示す図面代用写真である。It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the state of the growth unevenness of wasabi which occurred when the general cultivation system (Comparative Example 2) was used. 比較例１及び、実施例１に示した栽培システムにより生育した沢わさびの生育差比較写真である。It is a growth difference comparative photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1. 実施例４に示した栽培システムにより生育した沢わさびの生育写真である。It is a growth photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Example 4.
　以下、本発明を実施するための好適な形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
　なお、以下に説明する実施形態は、本発明の代表的な実施形態の一例を示したものであり、これにより本発明の範囲が狭く解釈されることはない。 Hereinafter, suitable embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments described below show an example of a typical embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not narrowly interpreted by this.
　１．沢わさび栽培システム１
　図１は、本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第１実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。図２は、本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第１実施形態の上方向から視た上方視模式図である。本技術に係る本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１は、作土１１と、地覆部材１２と、栽培水保持部１３と、を少なくとも有する。また、必要に応じて、浸透水排出部１４、重錘部１５、浸透水制御部１６、栽培水供給部１７、栽培槽Ｔ、多孔管１８などを備えることもできる。以下、各部について、詳細に説明する。 1. 1. Wasabi cultivation system 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an upward view seen from above of the first embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique. The wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention according to the present invention has at least a soil cultivation 11, a ground covering member 12, and a cultivation water holding portion 13. Further, if necessary, a seepage water discharge section 14, a weight section 15, a seepage water control section 16, a cultivation water supply section 17, a cultivation tank T, a perforated tube 18, and the like can be provided. Hereinafter, each part will be described in detail.
　（１）作土１１
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムは、水耕栽培ではなく、水が浸透する構造を持つ作土を用いる。作土１１の構成は、本技術の効果を損なわない限り、一般的な沢わさび栽培に用いることができる作土１１を用いることができる。 (1) Soil 11
The wasabi cultivation system related to this technique uses soil with a structure that allows water to permeate, not hydroponics. As the composition of the soil 11 can be used, the soil 11 that can be used for general wasabi cultivation can be used as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired.
　本技術では、粒径が異なる作土を多層に積層した構造を有することが好ましい。例えば、作土用石の平均粒径が異なる複数（例えば、３つ）の石層（各層例えば２０ｃｍ程度）を上下多段に形成して構成し、上層から下層にいくに従い平均粒径が大きくなるように形成することができる。より具体的には、最上層の作土用石としては直径約１ｃｍ以下の作土用石を採用し、中間層の作土用石としては直径約４ｃｍ以下の作土用石を採用し、最下層の作土用石としては直径約１５ｃｍ以上の作土用石を採用することができる。 In this technique, it is preferable to have a structure in which soils having different particle sizes are laminated in multiple layers. For example, a plurality of (for example, three) stone layers (each layer, for example, about 20 cm) having different average particle sizes are formed in multiple stages above and below, and the average particle size increases from the upper layer to the lower layer. Can be formed as follows. More specifically, as the uppermost soil-growing stone, a soil-growing stone with a diameter of about 1 cm or less is used, and as the intermediate-layer soil-growing stone, a soil-growing stone with a diameter of about 4 cm or less is used. As the soil-growing stone in the lowest layer, a soil-growing stone with a diameter of about 15 cm or more can be adopted.
　各石層には、必要に応じて、砂利や土を混合しても良い。例えば、沢わさびの苗を植える最上層には、作土用石の他に、適度な保水性を付与することを目的として、砂利や土を適宜混合することができる。 Gravel and soil may be mixed with each stone layer as needed. For example, in addition to the soil-growing stone, gravel and soil can be appropriately mixed in the uppermost layer for planting wasabi seedlings for the purpose of imparting appropriate water retention.
　作土１１は、水平方向の全ての位置において栽培水Ｗの浸透量が一定となるように、構成することが好ましい。即ち、作土内空隙率が、水平方向の全ての位置において同等となるように、構成することが好ましい。具体的には、作土内の石礫砂を、水平方向の全ての位置において、各層の境界面が同一の高さに位置するように、敷き詰めることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the soil 11 is configured so that the permeation amount of the cultivated water W is constant at all positions in the horizontal direction. That is, it is preferable to configure the soil so that the porosity is the same at all positions in the horizontal direction. Specifically, it is preferable to spread the stone gravel sand in the soil so that the boundary surface of each layer is located at the same height at all positions in the horizontal direction.
　また、作土１１表面を平らに形成することが好ましい。作土１１の表面を平らにすることで、後述する地覆部材１２を設置した際に、その表面に凸凹が生じるのを防止し、地覆部材１２上の栽培水保持部１３での栽培水Ｗの流れの滞りを防止することができる。その結果、後述する地覆部材１２の貫通孔１２１からの栽培水Ｗの浸透量を、全ての貫通孔１２１において、一定に保つことができる。 Further, it is preferable to form the surface of the soil 11 flat. By flattening the surface of the soil covering 11, when the ground covering member 12 described later is installed, unevenness is prevented on the surface thereof, and the cultivation water in the cultivation water holding portion 13 on the ground covering member 12 is prevented. It is possible to prevent the stagnation of the flow of W. As a result, the permeation amount of the cultivation water W from the through holes 121 of the ground covering member 12 described later can be kept constant in all the through holes 121.
　このように、水平方向の全ての位置において栽培水Ｗの浸透量を一定に保つことで、後述する地覆部材１２上の栽培水保持部１３での栽培水Ｗの滞留や作土１１内部での栽培水Ｗの滞留等を、防止することができる。その結果、栽培システム内の栽培環境も安定し、一つの栽培システム内での沢わさびの生育ムラを防止することができる。 In this way, by keeping the permeation amount of the cultivated water W constant at all the positions in the horizontal direction, the cultivated water W stays in the cultivated water holding portion 13 on the ground covering member 12, which will be described later, and inside the soil 11 It is possible to prevent the retention of the cultivated water W in the water. As a result, the cultivation environment in the cultivation system is stable, and uneven growth of wasabi in one cultivation system can be prevented.
　作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量は、以下の手順にて測定できる。まず、作土１１へ供給する栽培水Ｗの量を時間単位で測定する。次に、後述する表面水排出部１３１から排出される栽培水Ｗの排出量を時間単位で測定し、供給量から排出量を除することで、作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量を算出することができる。 The amount of cultivated water W permeated into the soil 11 can be measured by the following procedure. First, the amount of cultivated water W supplied to the soil 11 is measured in hours. Next, the amount of cultivated water W discharged from the surface water discharge unit 131, which will be described later, is measured on an hourly basis, and the amount of cultivated water W permeated into the soil 11 is determined by dividing the amount of discharge from the supply amount. Can be calculated.
　後述する地覆部材１２の貫通孔１２１の一つの孔あたりの栽培水Ｗの浸透量は、作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量を貫通孔１２１数で割ることで、算出することができる。また、後述する地覆部材１２に、一つの貫通孔１２１のみ設けて、作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量を測定してもよい。貫通孔１２１の一つの孔あたりの栽培水Ｗの浸透量は、５０～３０００ｍＬ/ｍｉｎが好ましく、使用水量抑制のために、１００～１５００ｍＬ/ｍｉｎがより好ましく、後述するように、沢わさび根元の効率的な洗浄のためには、１５０～７５０ｍＬ/ｍｉｎがさらに好ましい。 The permeation amount of the cultivated water W per hole of the through hole 121 of the ground covering member 12 to be described later can be calculated by dividing the permeation amount of the cultivated water W into the soil 11 by the number of through holes 121. .. Further, the ground covering member 12 described later may be provided with only one through hole 121 to measure the permeation amount of the cultivated water W into the soil production 11. The permeation amount of the cultivated water W per through hole 121 is preferably 50 to 3000 mL / min, more preferably 100 to 1500 mL / min in order to suppress the amount of water used, and as will be described later, the root of wasabi. For efficient cleaning, 150-750 mL / min is more preferred.
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１では、水平方向の全ての位置における貫通孔１２１の一つの孔あたりの栽培水Ｗの浸透量が、上記の範囲となるように、作土１１の構成することが好ましい。 In the Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique, the soil 11 is configured so that the permeation amount of the cultivation water W per one hole of the through hole 121 at all the positions in the horizontal direction is within the above range. Is preferable.
　（２）地覆部材１２
　地覆部材１２は、透水度５０％以下のシート状または板状であり、前記作土１１上に配置する。地覆部材１２には、沢わさびの苗が貫通可能な貫通孔１２１を備え、この貫通孔１２１から作土１１へ、栽培水Ｗが浸透する。 (2) Ground covering member 12
The ground covering member 12 is in the form of a sheet or a plate having a water permeability of 50% or less, and is arranged on the soil 11. The ground covering member 12 is provided with a through hole 121 through which the wasabi seedlings can penetrate, and the cultivation water W permeates through the through hole 121 into the soil production 11.
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムでは、貫通孔１２１を備える地覆部材１２を作土１１に備えることで、貫通孔１２１以外の部分から作土１１への水の浸透を抑えることができる。そのため、貫通孔１２１部分のみから選択的に作土１１への水が浸透し、沢わさびの根元のみを集中的に洗い流すことができると共に、栽培領域表面にも栽培水Ｗを常時流すことができる。その結果、沢わさびの根元から放出される成長阻害成分を洗い流すと共に、栽培領域表面、即ち、わさび田表面の汚れの付着も防止することができ、発色性の良好な沢わさびの根茎を、効率的に栽培することができる。 In the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technology, by equipping the soil 11 with a ground covering member 12 provided with a through hole 121, it is possible to suppress the infiltration of water from a portion other than the through hole 121 into the soil 11. Therefore, water can be selectively permeated into the soil 11 from only the through hole 121, and only the root of the wasabi can be washed away intensively, and the cultivated water W can be constantly flowed to the surface of the cultivated area. .. As a result, the growth-inhibiting component released from the root of wasabi can be washed away, and the adhesion of dirt on the surface of the cultivated area, that is, the surface of the wasabi field can be prevented, and the rhizome of wasabi with good color development can be efficiently produced. Can be cultivated.
　貫通孔１２１の形態は、沢わさびの苗を植えることが可能な大きさであって、本技術の効果を損なわない限り、特に限定されない。例えば、その形状としては、円形、楕円形、多角形など、自由に設計することができる。 The form of the through hole 121 is a size capable of planting wasabi seedlings, and is not particularly limited as long as the effect of this technique is not impaired. For example, the shape can be freely designed such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.
　また、貫通孔１２１が小さすぎると沢わさびの苗を植えることができなくなり、また、栽培水Ｗの浸透量が少なくなり、沢わさびの生育に影響が出る可能性がある。逆に大きすぎると、貫通孔１２１から作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透が多くなりすぎてしまったり、沢わさびの根が張る範囲外まで過剰な栽培水Ｗの水流を作ってしまう場合がある。そこで、沢わさびの苗の大きさや、作土１１へ浸透させる栽培水Ｗの好ましい量等に応じて、貫通孔１２１の大きさを適宜設計することが好ましい。例えば、貫通孔１２１の大きさにより作土１１内部へ浸透する栽培水Ｗの量を調整できるので、小さいほど栽培水Ｗの使用量抑制に繋がる。本技術では、貫通孔１２１の大きさは、直径１～１５ｃｍが好ましく、直径１．５～１０ｃｍがより好ましく、直径５．５～６．５ｃｍがさらに好ましい。 Also, if the through hole 121 is too small, it will not be possible to plant wasabi seedlings, and the amount of permeation of the cultivated water W will decrease, which may affect the growth of wasabi. On the contrary, if it is too large, the permeation of the cultivated water W from the through hole 121 into the soil 11 may become too large, or an excessive flow of the cultivated water W may be created outside the range where the roots of wasabi are grown. be. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately design the size of the through hole 121 according to the size of the wasabi seedlings, the preferable amount of the cultivation water W to be infiltrated into the soil 11, and the like. For example, the amount of cultivated water W that permeates the inside of the soil 11 can be adjusted by the size of the through hole 121, so that the smaller the amount, the less the amount of cultivated water W used. In the present technique, the size of the through hole 121 is preferably 1 to 15 cm in diameter, more preferably 1.5 to 10 cm in diameter, and even more preferably 5.5 to 6.5 cm in diameter.
　地覆部材１２における貫通孔１２１の配置も、本技術の効果を損なわない限り限定されず、格子状や千鳥状、またはランダムに配置することも可能である。また、貫通孔１２１と貫通孔１２１との間隔も、本技術の効果を損なわない限り限定されない。例えば、沢わさびの品種によっては、根を干渉させない範囲で密に定植した方が、良好に生育する場合もある。そこで、本技術では、沢わさびの品種等に応じた効率的な成長を考慮して、１５～２５ｃｍの間隔を保持することが好ましい。また、貫通孔１２１と貫通孔１２１との間隔を、定植する沢わさびの品種における平均的な根の広がりに対して、＋１～２０ｃｍの間隔で配置することが好ましく、＋５～１０ｃｍの間隔で配置することがより好ましい。 The arrangement of the through holes 121 in the ground covering member 12 is not limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired, and can be arranged in a grid pattern, a staggered pattern, or randomly. Further, the distance between the through hole 121 and the through hole 121 is not limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired. For example, depending on the variety of wasabi, it may grow better if it is planted densely within a range that does not interfere with the roots. Therefore, in this technique, it is preferable to maintain an interval of 15 to 25 cm in consideration of efficient growth according to the variety of wasabi. Further, it is preferable to arrange the space between the through hole 121 and the through hole 121 at an interval of +1 to 20 cm with respect to the average root spread in the varieties of wasabi to be planted, and at an interval of +5 to 10 cm. It is more preferable to do so.
　沢わさびの苗は、地覆部材１２の貫通孔１２１から、その根の部分が作土１１に浸漬されるようにして植え付けられる（図３参照）。沢わさびの品種は特に限定されず、例えば、真妻とすることができ、苗の種類も特に限定されず、メリクロン苗、分けつ苗、実生苗、芽出し苗等とすることができる。 Sawa wasabi seedlings are planted from the through hole 121 of the ground covering member 12 so that the root portion is immersed in the soil 11 (see FIG. 3). The variety of wasabi is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, a true wife, and the type of seedling is not particularly limited, and can be a melikron seedling, a split seedling, a seedling, a sprout seedling, or the like.
　地覆部材１２の透水度は、５０％以下であればよいが、３０％以下が好ましく、２０％以下がより好ましく、１０％以下がさらに好ましく、０％がベストである。地覆部材１２の透水度を下げることにより、貫通孔１２１以外の部分から作土１１への水の浸透をより確実に抑えることができる。 The water permeability of the ground covering member 12 may be 50% or less, preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, further preferably 10% or less, and 0% is the best. By lowering the water permeability of the ground covering member 12, it is possible to more reliably suppress the permeation of water from the portion other than the through hole 121 into the soil production 11.
　地覆部材１２の形態は、本技術の効果を損なわない限り、特に限定されない。例えば、シート状、フィルム状、板状等、自由に設計することができる。また、地覆部材１２を構成するに用いる材質も、透水度５０％以下の材料であって、本技術の効果を損なわない限り、自由に選択することができる。例えば、樹脂、木材、金属、ガラス、不織布等を、１種または２種以上、自由に積層させたり組み合わせたりして用いることができる。 The form of the ground covering member 12 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired. For example, it can be freely designed in a sheet shape, a film shape, a plate shape, or the like. Further, the material used to form the ground covering member 12 is also a material having a water permeability of 50% or less, and can be freely selected as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired. For example, one kind or two or more kinds of resin, wood, metal, glass, non-woven fabric and the like can be freely laminated or combined and used.
　地覆部材１２の厚さは、沢わさびの苗から生えてくる新芽の光合成が阻害されないために、新芽が覆われない厚さが好ましい。具体的には、地覆部材１２の厚さを、３ｃｍ以下とすることが好ましく、２ｃｍ以下とすることがより好ましい。 The thickness of the ground covering member 12 is preferably such that the shoots are not covered because the photosynthesis of the shoots growing from the wasabi seedlings is not inhibited. Specifically, the thickness of the ground covering member 12 is preferably 3 cm or less, and more preferably 2 cm or less.
　また、地覆部材１２の色も、本技術の効果を損なわない限り、特に限定されない。本技術では、特に、白色または銀色等の日射反射率の高い色が好ましい。日射反射率の高い色の地覆部材１２を用いることで、作土１１への日射量を減少させ、作土１１の温度を低温に保つことができる。また、銀色系統の金属色の被覆部材１２を用いることで、害虫の忌避効果を付与することも可能である。 Further, the color of the ground covering member 12 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired. In this technique, a color having a high solar reflectance such as white or silver is particularly preferable. By using the ground covering member 12 having a color having a high solar reflectance, the amount of solar radiation to the soil 11 can be reduced and the temperature of the soil 11 can be kept low. Further, it is also possible to impart a pest repellent effect by using a silver-colored metal-colored covering member 12.
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１には、前記地覆部材１２上を流れる栽培水Ｗ（以下「表面水」ともいう）の流路を制御する表面水制御部を備えることができる。表面水制御部を備えることで、沢わさび苗を定植した区画に栽培水Ｗを効率的に流すことができ、表面水の偏りを、防止することができる。 The Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technology can be provided with a surface water control unit that controls the flow path of the cultivation water W (hereinafter, also referred to as “surface water”) flowing on the ground covering member 12. By providing the surface water control unit, the cultivation water W can be efficiently flowed to the section where the wasabi seedlings are planted, and the unevenness of the surface water can be prevented.
　表面水制御部の構成は、地覆部材１２上の栽培水の流路を制御できれば特に限定されない。例えば、作土１１上に地覆部材１２を設置したのちに、定植を行う長手方向の列に対して、一輪車等の車輪を用いて転がすことで、例えば、図４のように畝を形成でき、畝間の列を栽培水が流れるので、確実に定植部に栽培水Ｗを流すことができる。畝の形成法としては、車輪以外にも、列を歩くこと、板を押し当てることなどが考えられる。 The configuration of the surface water control unit is not particularly limited as long as the flow path of the cultivated water on the ground covering member 12 can be controlled. For example, by installing the ground covering member 12 on the soil 11 and then rolling the row in the longitudinal direction for planting using wheels such as a unicycle, ridges can be formed as shown in FIG. 4, for example. Since the cultivated water flows through the rows of furrows, the cultivated water W can be surely flowed to the planting part. In addition to the wheels, walking in a row or pressing a board can be considered as a method of forming the ridges.
　図５は、地覆部材１２の第１実施形態の変形例を模式的に示す模式図であり、Ａは地覆部材１２を側面側から視た断面模式図であり、Ｂ１～Ｂ３は地覆部材１２を上方向から視た上方視模式図である。本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の地覆部材１２には、沢わさびの定植が行われない第２の貫通孔１２２を備えることができる。 FIG. 5 is a schematic view schematically showing a modified example of the first embodiment of the ground covering member 12, A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ground covering member 12 viewed from the side surface side, and B1 to B3 are ground covering members. It is the upper view schematic diagram which looked at the member 12 from the upper direction. The ground covering member 12 of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique may be provided with a second through hole 122 in which the wasabi is not planted.
　第２の貫通孔１２２を備えることで、第２の貫通孔１２２からも栽培水Ｗを浸透させることができるため、同じ栽培水量でも、沢わさびの根本に効率的に栽培水Ｗを浸透させることができる。 By providing the second through hole 122, the cultivation water W can be infiltrated from the second through hole 122 as well, so that the cultivation water W can be efficiently infiltrated into the root of the wasabi even with the same amount of cultivation water. Can be done.
　第２の貫通孔１２２の形態は、本技術の効果を損なわない限り、特に限定されない。例えば、その形状としては、円形、楕円形、多角形など、自由に設計することができる。第２の貫通孔１２２は、図５Ｂ１に示すように、沢わさびの苗が植えられる貫通孔１２１と同一の形態であってもよいし、図５Ｂ２に示すように、沢わさびの苗が植えられる貫通孔１２１とは異なる大きさや形態であってもよい。また、第２の貫通孔１２２を複数備える場合は、全ての第２の貫通孔１２２が同一の形態である必要はなく、図５Ｂ３に示すように、異なる大きさや異なる形態の第２の貫通孔１２２を混在させることも可能である。 The form of the second through hole 122 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present technique is not impaired. For example, the shape can be freely designed such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon. The second through hole 122 may have the same form as the through hole 121 in which the wasabi seedlings are planted, as shown in FIG. 5B1, or the wasabi seedlings are planted as shown in FIG. 5B2. The size and shape may be different from those of the through hole 121. Further, when a plurality of second through holes 122 are provided, not all the second through holes 122 need to have the same shape, and as shown in FIG. 5B3, the second through holes having different sizes and different shapes are provided. It is also possible to mix 122.
　第２の貫通孔１２２の大きさも特に限定されず、直径１～１５ｃｍが好ましく、直径１．５～１０ｃｍがより好ましく、直径１．５～６ｃｍがさらに好ましい。 The size of the second through hole 122 is also not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 15 cm in diameter, more preferably 1.5 to 10 cm in diameter, and even more preferably 1.5 to 6 cm in diameter.
　第２の貫通孔１２２には、沢わさびの病気予防効果、害虫忌避効果、生育促進効果等を期待して、図示しないがコンパニオンプランツを定植することも可能である。 Although not shown, companion plants can be planted in the second through hole 122 in anticipation of the disease prevention effect, pest repellent effect, growth promotion effect, etc. of wasabi.
　（３）栽培水保持部１３
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１では、沢わさびの栽培の際に、前述した地覆部材１２の表面全体に亘って栽培水Ｗが保持される。本技術では、沢わさびの栽培の際に栽培水Ｗが保持される部分を、栽培水保持部１３と称する。 (3) Cultivated water holding part 13
In the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique, when the wasabi is cultivated, the cultivation water W is retained over the entire surface of the ground covering member 12 described above. In this technique, the portion where the cultivated water W is held during the cultivation of wasabi is referred to as the cultivated water holding portion 13.
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１では、この栽培水保持部１３を有することで、栽培領域表面に栽培水Ｗを常時流すことができる。その結果、栽培領域表面、即ち、わさび田表面の汚れの付着を防止することができると共に、作土表面の温度の上昇を防止することができ、栽培環境を向上させることができる。 In the Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique, by having this cultivation water holding unit 13, the cultivation water W can be constantly flowed to the surface of the cultivation area. As a result, it is possible to prevent the adhesion of dirt on the surface of the cultivation area, that is, the surface of the wasabi field, and it is possible to prevent the temperature of the soil surface from rising, so that the cultivation environment can be improved.
　栽培水保持部１３には、地覆部材１２の表面上の栽培水Ｗを排出する表面水排出部１３１を備えることができる。表面水排出部１３１を備えることで、地覆部材１２の表面上の栽培水Ｗに適度な水流が発生し、地覆部材１２の表面上の栽培水Ｗ地覆部材１２の表面上の栽培水Ｗの淀みの発生を防止することができる。その結果、栽培領域表面、即ち、わさび田表面の汚れの付着をより効果的に防止することができると共に、作土表面の温度の上昇をより確実に防止することができ、栽培環境を向上させることができる。 The cultivated water holding unit 13 can be provided with a surface water discharging unit 131 for discharging the cultivated water W on the surface of the ground covering member 12. By providing the surface water discharge unit 131, an appropriate water flow is generated in the cultivated water W on the surface of the ground covering member 12, and the cultivated water W on the surface of the ground covering member 12 is cultivated water on the surface of the ground covering member 12. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of stagnation of W. As a result, it is possible to more effectively prevent the adhesion of dirt on the surface of the cultivation area, that is, the surface of the wasabi field, and it is possible to more reliably prevent the temperature rise of the soil surface, improving the cultivation environment. be able to.
　表面水排出部１３１から排出された栽培水Ｗは、わさび田表面の枯葉や屑等の不要物が含まれているため、栽培システムを循環させずに排出することが好ましい。 Since the cultivated water W discharged from the surface water discharge unit 131 contains unnecessary substances such as dead leaves and scraps on the surface of the wasabi field, it is preferable to discharge the cultivated water W without circulating the cultivation system.
　（４）浸透水排出部１４
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１には、作土１１へ浸透した栽培水Ｗ（以下「浸透水」ともいう）を非出する浸透水排出部１４を備えることができる。浸透水排出部１４を備えることで、作土１１へ浸透した栽培水Ｗに適度な水流が発生し、作土１１内での栽培水Ｗの淀みを防止することができる。その結果、沢わさびの根に栽培水中の養分や溶存酸素を連続的に供給すると共に、沢わさびの根元から放出される成長阻害成分を洗い流し、沢わさびの生育を促すことができる。 (4) Osmotic water discharge unit 14
The swamp wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technology can be provided with a seepage water discharge unit 14 that does not emit the cultivation water W (hereinafter, also referred to as “penetration water”) that has permeated the soil 11. By providing the seepage water discharge unit 14, an appropriate water flow is generated in the cultivated water W that has permeated the soil 11 and the stagnation of the cultivated water W in the soil 11 can be prevented. As a result, nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the cultivated water can be continuously supplied to the roots of wasabi, and the growth-inhibiting components released from the roots of wasabi can be washed away to promote the growth of wasabi.
　浸透水排出部１４の配置は、本技術の効果を損なわない限り、特に限定されない。本技術では、効率的に浸透水を排出させる観点からは、図１に示すように、作土１１の下部の両側部に加えて、作土１１の底面部にも複数備えることが好ましいが、作土１１の構成等で浸透水の排出効率を向上させることができれば、図６に示す本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第２実施形態のように、作土１１の下部の両側部のみに浸透水排出部１４を備える構造としてもよい。 The arrangement of the seepage water discharge unit 14 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of this technique is not impaired. In the present technique, from the viewpoint of efficiently discharging the seepage water, as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable to provide a plurality of portions on the bottom surface of the soil 11 in addition to both sides of the lower portion of the soil 11. If the drainage efficiency of the seepage water can be improved by the configuration of the soil 11 and the like, as in the second embodiment of the swamp wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique shown in FIG. 6, only the lower both sides of the soil 11 The structure may be provided with the permeated water discharge unit 14.
　浸透水排出部１４から排出された栽培水Ｗは、沢わさびの根元から放出される成長阻害成分が含まれているため、栽培システムを循環させずに排出することが好ましい。 Since the cultivated water W discharged from the seepage water discharge unit 14 contains a growth inhibitory component released from the root of wasabi, it is preferable to discharge the cultivated water W without circulating the cultivation system.
　（５）重錘部１５
　図７は、本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第３実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１には、地覆部材１２の上面に、地覆部材１２を作土１１へ密着させるための重錘部１５を備えることができる。重錘部１５を備えることで、地覆部材１２と作土１１との密着性が向上し、栽培水Ｗの作土１１への無駄な浸透を防止することができる。 (5) Weight portion 15
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique as viewed from the side surface. The wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique may be provided with a weight portion 15 for bringing the ground covering member 12 into close contact with the soil production 11 on the upper surface of the ground covering member 12. By providing the weight portion 15, the adhesion between the ground covering member 12 and the soil 11 can be improved, and unnecessary permeation of the cultivated water W into the soil 11 can be prevented.
　重錘部１５を構成する材料は、地覆部材１２を作土１１へ密着させるための重りとなる材料であれば、特に限定されない。例えば、前述した作土１１に用いる石、砂利、土等を、地覆部材１２の上面に置くことで、重錘部１５を構成してもよい。 The material constituting the weight portion 15 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that serves as a weight for bringing the ground covering member 12 into close contact with the soil production 11. For example, the weight portion 15 may be formed by placing stones, gravel, soil, etc. used for the above-mentioned soil production 11 on the upper surface of the ground covering member 12.
　（６）浸透水制御部１６
　図８は、本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第４実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１には、前記貫通孔１２１から前記作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量を制御する浸透水制御部１６を備えることができる。浸透水制御部１６を備えることで、作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量を調節し、地覆部材１２上の栽培水保持部１３での栽培水Ｗの滞留や作土１１内部での栽培水Ｗの滞留等を、防止することができる。 (6) Osmotic water control unit 16
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique as viewed from the side surface. The wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technology can be provided with a permeation water control unit 16 that controls the permeation amount of the cultivation water W from the through hole 121 into the soil 11. By providing the infiltration water control unit 16, the amount of the cultivated water W infiltrated into the soil 11 is adjusted, and the cultivated water W stays in the cultivated water holding unit 13 on the ground covering member 12 and inside the soil 11. It is possible to prevent the cultivated water W from staying.
　浸透水制御部１６の構成は、作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量を制御することができれば特に限定されない。例えば、図９に示す本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムの第５実施形態のように、前述した作土１１に用いる石、砂利、土等を、地覆部材１２の貫通孔１２を含む上面全体に置くことで、作土１１に用いる石、砂利、土等が、浸透水制御部１６の機能を果たしつつ、前述した重錘部１５の機能を果たすことができる。 The configuration of the permeation water control unit 16 is not particularly limited as long as the amount of permeation of the cultivated water W into the soil 11 can be controlled. For example, as in the fifth embodiment of the swamp wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique shown in FIG. 9, the stone, gravel, soil, etc. used for the above-mentioned soil cultivation 11 are put on the entire upper surface including the through hole 12 of the ground covering member 12. The stones, gravel, soil, etc. used for the soil production 11 can fulfill the function of the above-mentioned weight portion 15 while fulfilling the function of the seepage water control unit 16.
　貫通孔１２１から作土１１への栽培水Ｗの浸透量は、各貫通孔１２１において差がない方が好ましい。具体的には、貫通孔１２１からの浸透水の量が最も多い部分と、貫通孔からの浸透水の量が最も少ない部分における浸透水量の差は、５０％以下が好ましく、さらに小さい方がより好ましい。各貫通孔１２１からの浸透水の量を同一に保つことで、地覆部材１２上の栽培水保持部１３での栽培水Ｗの滞留や作土１１内部での栽培水Ｗの滞留等を、防止することができる。その結果、栽培システム内の栽培環境も安定し、一つの栽培システム内での沢わさびの生育ムラを防止することができる。 It is preferable that the permeation amount of the cultivated water W from the through hole 121 to the soil 11 is not different in each through hole 121. Specifically, the difference in the amount of osmotic water between the portion where the amount of osmotic water from the through hole 121 is the largest and the portion where the amount of osmotic water from the through hole is the smallest is preferably 50% or less, and the smaller the difference is. preferable. By keeping the amount of permeated water from each through hole 121 the same, the retention of the cultivation water W in the cultivation water holding portion 13 on the ground covering member 12 and the retention of the cultivation water W inside the soil 11 can be prevented. Can be prevented. As a result, the cultivation environment in the cultivation system is stable, and uneven growth of wasabi in one cultivation system can be prevented.
　（７）栽培水供給部１７
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１には、栽培水供給部１７を備えることができる。栽培水供給部１７では、前述した栽培水保持部１３への栽培水Ｗの供給が連続的に行われる。例えば、井戸や貯水槽などの水源から、送水ポンプ等により取水して、栽培水Ｗを栽培水保持部１３へ連続的に供給することができる。 (7) Cultivated water supply unit 17
The wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technology may be provided with a cultivation water supply unit 17. In the cultivation water supply unit 17, the cultivation water W is continuously supplied to the cultivation water holding unit 13 described above. For example, water can be taken from a water source such as a well or a water tank by a water pump or the like, and the cultivated water W can be continuously supplied to the cultivated water holding unit 13.
　なお、本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１において、この栽培水供給部１７は必須ではなく、外部のホースや水管を用いることも可能である。 In the Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 according to this technique, the cultivation water supply unit 17 is not indispensable, and an external hose or water pipe can be used.
　（８）栽培槽１１
　図１０は、本発明に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第６実施形態を側面側から視た断面模式図である。第６実施形態に係る沢わさび栽培システム１は、底面に傾斜勾配を有する栽培槽Ｔと、１又は複数の多孔管１８と、を備えることを特徴とする。 (8) Cultivation tank 11
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present invention as viewed from the side surface. The wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the sixth embodiment is characterized by including a cultivation tank T having a slope on the bottom surface and one or a plurality of perforated tubes 18.
　栽培槽Ｔとしては、例えば、周囲が破壊或いは漏水しない材質で形成され、且つ、プール状に形成されていることが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、あぜ板とシートとからなる。あぜ板の材質は特に限定されないが、例えば、プラスチック製とすることができる。シートは、例えば、水の浸透を抑制することができるものとすることができる。より具体的には、作土１１を設置するために掘削した土地（例えば、平地、山間部等）周辺に、粘土質の土壌に打ち込んだ形であぜ板を設置する。該あぜ板を設置することで槽を形成し、該槽から水を染み出させないために前記シートをプール状に設置する。なお、本技術では、栽培槽Ｔの幅、長さ、深さ等は特に限定されず、当業者により適宜設計することができる。また、栽培槽Ｔは、工場、農業用ハウス、トンネル等の内部に造成されていてよい。 The cultivation tank T is preferably formed of, for example, a material whose surroundings are not destroyed or leaked, and is formed in a pool shape. Specifically, for example, it is composed of a ridge plate and a sheet. The material of the slab is not particularly limited, but may be made of plastic, for example. The sheet can be, for example, capable of suppressing the penetration of water. More specifically, around the land excavated for installing the soil 11 (for example, flat land, mountainous area, etc.), a ridge plate is installed in the form of being driven into clay soil. A tank is formed by installing the ridge plate, and the sheet is installed in a pool shape so that water does not seep out from the tank. In this technique, the width, length, depth, etc. of the cultivation tank T are not particularly limited and can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art. Further, the cultivation tank T may be constructed inside a factory, an agricultural house, a tunnel, or the like.
　また、本技術では、底面に傾斜勾配を有することで、底部からの排水が効率的となる。傾斜勾配は、栽培槽Ｔ底面付近の栽培水を滞留させない観点及び造成の観点から、前記栽培槽Ｔの最上流Ｔ１から最下流Ｔ２に向けて、１／１０００～１／２０であることが好ましく、１／５００～１／３０であることがより好ましく、１／２００～１／５０であることが更に好ましい。傾斜勾配を１／１０００以上とすることで、栽培水の滞留を防ぐことができる。また、傾斜勾配を１／２０以下とすることで、栽培槽Ｔを急勾配とすることにより発生するコストを抑制することができる。 In addition, in this technology, drainage from the bottom becomes efficient by having a slope on the bottom. The slope is preferably 1/1000 to 1/20 from the most upstream T1 to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T from the viewpoint of not retaining the cultivation water near the bottom surface of the cultivation tank T and from the viewpoint of creation. , 1/500 to 1/30, more preferably 1/200 to 1/50. By setting the slope to 1/1000 or more, it is possible to prevent the retention of cultivated water. Further, by setting the slope to 1/20 or less, it is possible to suppress the cost generated by making the cultivation tank T a steep slope.
　（９）多孔管１８
　１又は複数の多孔管１８は、栽培水Ｗの流れ方向に対して栽培槽Ｔの最下流Ｔ２まで配設されている。本技術では、特に、多孔管１８は、後述する図１２に示すように、複数配設されていることが好ましい。 (9) Porous tube 18
One or a plurality of perforated tubes 18 are arranged up to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water W. In the present technique, it is particularly preferable that a plurality of porous tubes 18 are arranged as shown in FIG. 12, which will be described later.
　本技術では、上述の通り、多孔管１８の起点１８０は、栽培槽Ｔの最上流Ｔ１と最下流Ｔ２との間に規定することが好ましい。これにより、栽培水Ｗが栽培槽Ｔの底部で滞留することを防ぎ、栽培水Ｗの浸透性がわさび田一面にわたり平均化され、生育ムラを防止して良好な生育を得ることができる。 In the present technique, as described above, it is preferable that the starting point 180 of the porous tube 18 is defined between the most upstream T1 and the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T. As a result, the cultivation water W is prevented from staying at the bottom of the cultivation tank T, the permeability of the cultivation water W is averaged over the entire wasabi field, and uneven growth can be prevented and good growth can be obtained.
　多孔管１８に形成された孔は、礫が入り込まないサイズであることが好ましい。孔が狭すぎると目詰まりを起こしてしまうが、一方で、穴が大きすぎると、作土が通過して培地の作土が減少してしまう。また、前記孔は、多孔管１８の周面全面に形成されていてもよいし、周面の２／３程度の面にのみ形成されていてもよい。前記孔が多孔管１８の周面全面に形成されている場合、開孔比は、例えば、０．２％以上とすることができる。 The hole formed in the porous tube 18 is preferably sized so that gravel does not enter. If the holes are too narrow, clogging will occur, but if the holes are too large, the soil will pass through and the soil for the medium will decrease. Further, the hole may be formed on the entire peripheral surface of the perforated tube 18, or may be formed only on about two-thirds of the peripheral surface. When the holes are formed on the entire peripheral surface of the perforated tube 18, the opening ratio can be, for example, 0.2% or more.
　多孔管１８の直径は特に限定されず、例えば、φ２５ｍｍ～φ２００ｍｍのものを用いることができる。多孔管１８の栽培水Ｗの流れ方向の長さも特に限定されず、例えば、１ｍ～１０ｍのものを用いることができる。 The diameter of the perforated tube 18 is not particularly limited, and for example, one having a diameter of 25 mm to φ200 mm can be used. The length of the perforated tube 18 in the flow direction of the cultivated water W is not particularly limited, and for example, one having 1 m to 10 m can be used.
　本技術において、多孔管１８の起点１８０は、ＣＦＤ（Computational Fluid Dynamics）解析に基づき規定されることが好ましい。ＣＦＤ解析とは、数値流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics）の略称であり、流体の運動に関する方程式をコンピュータで解析することで、流れを視認化する手法である。ＣＦＤ解析には、市販のソフトを用いることができ、例えば、Fluent ver19.0（Ansys社製）等を用いることができる。 In this technique, the starting point 180 of the porous tube 18 is preferably defined based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis. CFD analysis is an abbreviation for Computational Fluid Dynamics, and is a method for visualizing the flow by analyzing equations related to fluid motion with a computer. Commercially available software can be used for CFD analysis, and for example, Fluent ver19.0 (manufactured by Ansys) or the like can be used.
　ＣＦＤ解析のための計算条件は、例えば、作土１１を多孔体として設定し、該多孔体内部における流体の挙動解析とすることができる。この場合、解析に必要な物性は、流体（水、水温は適宜設定）の条件である密度（ｋｇ／ｍ３）、粘度（ｋｇ／ｍ・ｓ）、流量（ｃｍ３／ｍｉｎ）、及び多孔体（作土１１）の条件である粘性抵抗係数（１／ｍ２）である。なお、多孔体の条件である粘性抵抗係数は、各作土１１に関して適宜設定する。粘性抵抗係数は、例えば、対照となる作土を詰め、該作土１１の流出を最下部の金網で防いである直管パイプ（垂直）に水を浸透させ、透水量を測定し、パイプの内径面積より透水速度を求めた後、下記数式（１）により表されるダルシーの法則により求めることができる。 The calculation condition for CFD analysis can be, for example, setting the soil 11 as a porous body and analyzing the behavior of the fluid inside the porous body. In this case, the physical properties required for analysis are the density (kg / m 3 ), viscosity (kg / m · s), flow rate (cm 3 / min), and porosity, which are the conditions of the fluid (water and water temperature are set appropriately). It is a viscous resistance coefficient (1 / m 2 ) which is a condition of the body (soil 11). The viscous drag coefficient, which is a condition of the porous body, is appropriately set for each soil production 11. The viscosity resistance coefficient is determined by, for example, filling a control soil, infiltrating water into a straight pipe (vertical) that prevents the outflow of the soil 11 with a wire net at the bottom, measuring the water permeability, and measuring the permeability of the pipe. After obtaining the water permeability from the inner diameter area, it can be obtained by Darcy's law expressed by the following formula (1).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
ΔＰ：圧損（Ｐａ）
μ：粘度（Ｐａ・ｓ）
Ｖ：フィルター入口（フィルターに入る手前の）速度（ｍ／ｓ）
Δｔ：フィルターの厚み（ｍ）
α：浸透率（ｍ２）
１／α：粘性抵抗係数（１／ｍ２）
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
ΔP: Pressure loss (Pa)
μ: Viscosity (Pa · s)
V: Filter inlet (before entering the filter) Velocity (m / s)
Δt: Filter thickness (m)
α: Penetration rate (m 2 )
1 / α: Viscous drag coefficient (1 / m 2 )
　図１１Ａは、多孔管１８を設置していない状態のわさび田長手方向断面の解析結果を示し、図１１Ｂは、多孔管１８を設置していない状態のわさび田表面から２５ｍｍ深さ位置の断面（幅方向１／２）の解析結果を示す。本発明では、例えば、前記多孔管１８の起点１８０を、前記ＣＦＤ解析の結果、作土部上層の栽培水の流動が滞留する区画内に中心を特定し、該中心から所定の距離内で規定することが挙げられる。なお、前記区画とは、例えば、図１１ＢのＸ部分であり、該Ｘ部分において、他の箇所と比較して色が濃く表示されており、作土１１上層の栽培水Ｗが滞留していることが分かる。すなわち、前記区画とは、作土１１表層や透水性の高い作土１１底面（礫層）ばかりに栽培水が流れ、わさび苗の根が張る作土１１上層（粗砂層）付近の栽培水Ｗがあまり流動していない状態となっている箇所を指す。 FIG. 11A shows the analysis result of the wasabi field longitudinal cross section in the state where the perforated tube 18 is not installed, and FIG. 11B shows the cross section at a depth of 25 mm from the wasabi field surface in the state where the perforated tube 18 is not installed. The analysis result in the width direction 1/2) is shown. In the present invention, for example, the starting point 180 of the perforated tube 18 is defined as a center within a section where the flow of cultivated water in the upper layer of the soil-growing portion stays as a result of the CFD analysis, and is defined within a predetermined distance from the center. To do. The section is, for example, the X portion of FIG. 11B, in which the color is displayed darker than that of other portions, and the cultivation water W in the upper layer of the soil 11 is retained. You can see that. That is, in the above section, the cultivation water flows only on the surface layer of the soil 11 and the bottom surface (gravel layer) of the soil 11 having high permeability, and the cultivation water W near the upper layer (coarse sand layer) of the soil 11 where the roots of wasabi seedlings grow. Refers to the part where is not flowing very much.
　図１１Ｃは、多孔管１８を設置した状態のわさび田長手方向断面の解析結果を示し、図１１Ｄは、多孔管１８を設置した状態のわさび田表面から２５ｍｍ深さ位置の断面（幅方向１／２）の解析結果を示す。栽培水Ｗの浸透性の悪い位置から、わさび田末尾に向かって多孔管１８を設置することで、多孔管１８が無い部分から多孔管１８がある部分へと栽培水Ｗが移動する際に、空隙率が低いところから高いところへと栽培水Ｗが移動することとなり、多孔管１８内部を満たそうと栽培水Ｗが多孔管１８上部から浸透し、結果として、上流部側の多孔管１８付近で栽培水の浸透が向上する。図１１Ｄにおいても、多孔管１８を配置したことで、色が濃く表示されていた箇所（図１１ＢのＸ部分）が、色が薄く表示されていることが分かる。なお、本発明において、多孔管１８は、栽培水Ｗの流れ方向に対して栽培槽Ｔの最下流Ｔ２まで配設されており、浸透した栽培水Ｗは下流部へと移送される。 FIG. 11C shows the analysis result of the wasabi field longitudinal cross section with the perforated tube 18 installed, and FIG. 11D shows the cross section at a depth of 25 mm from the wasabi field surface with the perforated tube 18 installed (width direction 1 /). The analysis result of 2) is shown. By installing the perforated tube 18 from the position where the permeation of the cultivation water W is poor toward the end of the wasabi field, when the cultivation water W moves from the part without the perforated tube 18 to the part with the perforated tube 18. The cultivation water W moves from a place where the void ratio is low to a place where the void ratio is high, and the cultivation water W permeates from the upper part of the porous tube 18 in order to fill the inside of the porous tube 18, and as a result, the vicinity of the porous tube 18 on the upstream side. Improves the penetration of cultivated water. Also in FIG. 11D, it can be seen that by arranging the perforated tube 18, the portion where the color is displayed dark (X portion in FIG. 11B) is displayed lightly. In the present invention, the perforated tube 18 is arranged up to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water W, and the permeated cultivation water W is transferred to the downstream part.
　本技術では、多孔管１８の起点１８０は、前記ＣＦＤ解析の結果、作土１１表面から１００ｍｍの深さまでの流速で最も遅いと判定される層を特定し、更にその層断面で最も遅いと判定される区画内に中心を特定し、該中心から流れ方向の前後２０００ｍｍ以内（好ましくは、１５００ｍｍ以内）に規定することがより好ましい。これにより、より確実に作土１１上層（粗砂層）付近の栽培水Ｗの滞留を防ぎ、生育ムラを解消することができる。 In the present technique, the starting point 180 of the perforated pipe 18 identifies the layer determined to be the slowest at the flow velocity from the surface of the soil 11 to a depth of 100 mm as a result of the CFD analysis, and is further determined to be the slowest in the layer cross section. It is more preferable to specify the center in the section to be formed and to specify the center within 2000 mm (preferably within 1500 mm) in the flow direction from the center. As a result, it is possible to more reliably prevent the retention of the cultivated water W in the vicinity of the upper layer (coarse sand layer) of the soil 11 and eliminate the uneven growth.
　前述した通り、本技術では、多孔管１８は複数配設されていることが好ましいが、その場合、複数の多孔管１８同士は、栽培水Ｗの流れ方向に対して互いに略平行に配設されていることが好ましい。複数の多孔管１８を略平行に設置することで、栽培水Ｗの流れ方向に対して直行する断面で条件（例えば、栽培水Ｗの浸透水量等）の均一化ができる。なお、この場合、栽培槽Ｔは、例えば、周囲の形状（栽培槽Ｔを真上から視た際の形状）が略長方形であることが好ましい。 As described above, in the present technique, it is preferable that a plurality of porous tubes 18 are arranged, but in that case, the plurality of porous tubes 18 are arranged substantially parallel to each other with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water W. Is preferable. By installing the plurality of perforated pipes 18 substantially in parallel, the conditions (for example, the amount of permeated water of the cultivated water W) can be made uniform in the cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the cultivated water W. In this case, the cultivation tank T preferably has, for example, a substantially rectangular shape around it (the shape when the cultivation tank T is viewed from directly above).
　また、栽培槽Ｔの形状によるが、本技術では、多孔管１８を３本以上配設する場合、後述する図１２Ｂに示すように、互いに略平行であって、且つ、互いの栽培水の流れ方向と直交する方向の距離を均等にして設置することがより好ましい。 Further, although it depends on the shape of the cultivation tank T, in the present technique, when three or more porous tubes 18 are arranged, they are substantially parallel to each other and flow of each other's cultivation water as shown in FIG. 12B described later. It is more preferable to install the installation at an equal distance in the direction orthogonal to the direction.
　複数の多孔管１８が、栽培水Ｗの流れ方向に対して互いに略平行に配設されている場合、多孔管１８同士の距離は、栽培水Ｗの流れ方向に対して直行する方向において、浸透した栽培水Ｗを回収できる距離が好ましい。より具体的には、例えば、２００ｍｍ～２０００ｍｍであり、５００ｍｍ～１５００ｍｍとすることがより好ましい。 When a plurality of porous tubes 18 are arranged substantially parallel to each other with respect to the flow direction of the cultivated water W, the distance between the porous tubes 18 penetrates in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the cultivated water W. The distance at which the cultivated water W can be recovered is preferable. More specifically, for example, it is 200 mm to 2000 mm, and more preferably 500 mm to 1500 mm.
　本技術において、多孔管１８は、その排水口に、排水量を調節する調節機構を設けることが好ましい。調節機構としては、例えば、分水栓、開閉機構、調節バルブ等とすることができる。排水量の調節機構を設けることにより、栽培水Ｗの浸透水量と表面水量の調整を行うことが可能となり、浸透水量と表面水位を変更することができる。例えば、作土１１末尾の表面まで表面水が届くように浸透水量を絞ったり、沢わさびの生育状況に合わせて更に浸透水量を絞ったりなどして、適宜表面水位を高くする。この調節により、栽培水Ｗを全ての苗に行き届かせることができ、また、成長時の落葉を効率的に洗い流すことができる。 In the present technique, it is preferable that the perforated pipe 18 is provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the amount of drainage at the drain port thereof. The adjusting mechanism may be, for example, a water diversion faucet, an opening / closing mechanism, an adjusting valve, or the like. By providing the drainage amount adjusting mechanism, it is possible to adjust the permeated water amount and the surface water amount of the cultivated water W, and it is possible to change the permeated water amount and the surface water level. For example, the surface water level is appropriately raised by reducing the amount of permeated water so that the surface water reaches the surface at the end of the soil 11 or further reducing the amount of permeated water according to the growing condition of wasabi. By this adjustment, the cultivated water W can be distributed to all the seedlings, and the fallen leaves at the time of growth can be efficiently washed away.
　なお、本技術では、多孔管１８から排出された栽培水は、収集され、下段の栽培槽Ｔに導入されてもよい。 In this technique, the cultivation water discharged from the perforated tube 18 may be collected and introduced into the cultivation tank T in the lower stage.
　２．沢わさび栽培方法
　本技術に係る沢わさび栽培方法は、前述した栽培システムを用いて、栽培水供給工程と、栽培水浸透工程と、表面水排出工程と、浸透水排出工程と、を行う方法である。なお、各工程の詳細は、前述した本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムの各部が行う機能と同一であるため、ここでは説明を割愛する。 2. 2. Sawa wasabi cultivation method The Sawa wasabi cultivation method according to this technique is a method of performing a cultivation water supply step, a cultivation water infiltration step, a surface water discharge step, and a seepage water discharge step using the cultivation system described above. be. Since the details of each process are the same as the functions performed by each part of the wasabi cultivation system according to the present technique, the description thereof is omitted here.
　３．その他の実施形態
　図１２は、本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システム１の第７実施形態を示す長手方向の模式断面図であり、図１１のＢは、ＡのＰ－Ｐ線模式断面図である。第７実施形態に係る沢わさび栽培システム１は、作土１１が敷設され、底面に傾斜勾配を有する栽培槽Tと、前記栽培槽Tの最上流Ｔ１から該栽培槽Ｔに栽培水Ｗを導入する栽培水供給部１７と、前記栽培槽Ｔの底部に、前記栽培水Ｗの流れ方向に対して前記栽培槽Ｔの最下流Ｔ２まで配設された１又は複数の多孔管１８と、を備える沢わさびの栽培システムであって、前記多孔管１８の起点１８０は、前記栽培槽Ｔの最上流Ｔ１と最下流Ｔ２との間に規定される、沢わさびの栽培システム１である。 3. 3. Other Embodiments FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction showing a seventh embodiment of the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the present technique, and FIG. 11B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line P-P of A. .. In the Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the seventh embodiment, the cultivation tank T in which the soil 11 is laid and has a slope on the bottom surface, and the cultivation water W is introduced into the cultivation tank T from the uppermost stream T1 of the cultivation tank T. The cultivation water supply unit 17 and one or a plurality of porous tubes 18 arranged at the bottom of the cultivation tank T up to the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water W are provided. In the Sawa wasabi cultivation system, the starting point 180 of the perforated tube 18 is the Sawa wasabi cultivation system 1 defined between the most upstream T1 and the most downstream T2 of the cultivation tank T.
　即ち、本技術では、以下の構成を取ることもできる。
［１］
　作土が敷設され、底面に傾斜勾配を有する栽培槽と、
　前記栽培槽の最上流から該栽培槽に栽培水を導入する栽培水供給部と、
　前記栽培槽の底部に、前記栽培水の流れ方向に対して前記栽培槽の最下流まで配設された１又は複数の多孔管と、
を備える沢わさびの栽培システムであって、
　前記多孔管の起点は、前記栽培槽の最上流と最下流との間に規定される、沢わさびの栽培システム。
［２］
　前記多孔管の起点は、ＣＦＤ（Computational Fluid Dynamics）解析に基づき規定される、［１］に記載の沢わさびの栽培システム。
［３］
　前記多孔管の起点は、前記ＣＦＤ解析の結果、作土部表面から１００ｍｍの深さまでの流速で最も遅いと判定される層を特定し、更にその層断面で最も遅いと判定される区画内に中心を特定し、該中心から流れ方向の前後２０００ｍｍ以内に規定される、［２］に記載の沢わさびの栽培システム。
［４］
　前記複数の多孔管は、互いに略平行に配設されている、［１］から［３］のいずれかに記載の沢わさびの栽培システム。
［５］
　多孔管同士の間隔は、前記栽培水の流れ方向に対して直行する方向において、２００ｍｍ～２０００ｍｍの範囲である、［４］に記載の沢わさびの栽培システム。
［６］
　前記多孔管の排水口に、排水量を調節する調節機構が設けられている、［１］から［５］のいずれかに記載の沢わさびの栽培システム。
［７］
　［１］に記載の沢わさびの栽培システムにおいて、前記栽培水供給部から前記栽培槽の最上流に栽培水を導入する、沢わさびの栽培方法。
［８］
　［１］に記載の沢わさびの栽培システムにおいて、前記多孔管の配設位置により、前記栽培水の浸透を制御する、沢わさびの栽培方法。
［９］
　［６］に記載の沢わさびの栽培システムにおいて、前記調節機構により前記排水量を調節して、前記栽培水の浸透水量及び表面水量を制御する、沢わさびの栽培方法。 That is, in this technique, the following configuration can also be adopted.
[1]
A cultivation tank with soil laid and a slope on the bottom,
A cultivation water supply unit that introduces cultivation water from the uppermost stream of the cultivation tank into the cultivation tank, and
At the bottom of the cultivation tank, one or more porous tubes arranged to the most downstream of the cultivation tank with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water,
It is a cultivation system of wasabi that is equipped with
The starting point of the perforated tube is a wasabi cultivation system defined between the most upstream and the most downstream of the cultivation tank.
[2]
The starting point of the perforated tube is the wasabi cultivation system according to [1], which is defined based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis.
[3]
As a result of the CFD analysis, the starting point of the perforated pipe identifies the layer determined to be the slowest at a flow velocity of 100 mm from the surface of the soil-growing portion, and further within the section determined to be the slowest in the cross section of the layer. The swamp wasabi cultivation system according to [2], wherein a center is specified and defined within 2000 mm in front of and behind the flow direction from the center.
[4]
The wasabi cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the plurality of perforated tubes are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
[5]
The wasabi cultivation system according to [4], wherein the distance between the porous tubes is in the range of 200 mm to 2000 mm in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the cultivated water.
[6]
The wasabi cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the drain port of the perforated pipe is provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the amount of drainage.
[7]
In the wasabi cultivation system according to [1], a method for cultivating wasabi, in which cultivation water is introduced from the cultivation water supply unit to the uppermost stream of the cultivation tank.
[8]
In the wasabi cultivation system according to [1], a method for cultivating wasabi in which the permeation of the cultivated water is controlled by the arrangement position of the porous tube.
[9]
In the wasabi cultivation system according to [6], a method for cultivating wasabi, wherein the drainage amount is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to control the permeation water amount and the surface water amount of the cultivation water.
　本実施形態に係る栽培方法では、第７実施形態に係る沢わさびの栽培システムにおいて、前記栽培水供給部から前記栽培槽Ｔの最上流（傾斜上流）Ｔ１に栽培水Ｗを導入する。栽培水Ｗとしては、例えば、地下水、沢の水等を用いることができる。また、栽培水Ｗは、養分不足を補足するために、窒素、リン、カリウム等の肥料を含んでいてもよい。栽培水Ｗの導入は、例えば、送水ポンプ等を介して行うことができる。栽培水Ｗの導入量は特に限定されず、当業者により適宜必要に応じた水量を設定することができる。栽培水Ｗの水温も特に限定されず、当業者により適宜設定することができる。 In the cultivation method according to the present embodiment, in the wasabi cultivation system according to the seventh embodiment, the cultivation water W is introduced from the cultivation water supply unit to the most upstream (inclined upstream) T1 of the cultivation tank T. As the cultivated water W, for example, groundwater, swamp water, or the like can be used. Further, the cultivated water W may contain fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in order to supplement the nutrient deficiency. The cultivation water W can be introduced, for example, via a water pump or the like. The amount of cultivated water W to be introduced is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately set the amount of water as needed. The water temperature of the cultivated water W is also not particularly limited and can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
　栽培方法の他の実施形態としては、第７実施形態に係る沢わさびの栽培システムにおいて、前記多孔管１８の配設位置により、前記栽培水Ｗの浸透を制御する。前述の通り、多孔管１８が無い部分から多孔管１８がある部分へと栽培水Ｗが移動する際に、空隙率が低いところから高いところへと栽培水Ｗが移動することとなり、多孔管１８内部を満たそうと栽培水Ｗが多孔管１８上部から浸透する。これにより、前記多孔管１８の配設位置を変更することで、栽培水Ｗの浸透も調節することができる。 As another embodiment of the cultivation method, in the wasabi cultivation system according to the seventh embodiment, the permeation of the cultivation water W is controlled by the arrangement position of the porous tube 18. As described above, when the cultivation water W moves from the portion without the porous tube 18 to the portion with the porous tube 18, the cultivation water W moves from the place where the porosity is low to the place where the porosity is high, and the porous tube 18 is moved. Cultivated water W permeates from the upper part of the porous tube 18 to fill the inside. Thereby, the permeation of the cultivation water W can be adjusted by changing the arrangement position of the perforated tube 18.
　なお、本実施形態において、作土１１、栽培槽T、栽培水供給部１７、多孔管１８の詳細は、前述と同一であるため、ここでは説明を割愛する。 In this embodiment, the details of the soil cultivation 11, the cultivation tank T, the cultivation water supply unit 17, and the perforated tube 18 are the same as described above, so the description thereof is omitted here.
　以下、実施例に基づいて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
　なお、以下に説明する実施例は、本発明の代表的な実施例の一例を示したものであり、これにより本発明の範囲が狭く解釈されることはない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on Examples.
It should be noted that the examples described below show an example of a typical example of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not narrowly interpreted by this.
　［実験例１］
　実験例１では、本技術に係る沢わさび栽培システムを用いて沢わさびを栽培した場合と、一般的な沢わさびの栽培方法を用いて沢わさびを栽培した場合とで、沢わさびの生育状況の比較を行った。 [Experimental Example 1]
In Experimental Example 1, the growth of wasabi was observed in the case where the wasabi was cultivated using the wasabi cultivation system according to this technique and the case where the wasabi was cultivated using a general method for cultivating wasabi. A comparison was made.
　（１）沢わさびの栽培
　＜実施例１＞
　栽培槽内に、下から礫、砂、粗砂の順で積層して作土を作成し、十分量の栽培水を用いて作土洗浄を行い、洗浄後の作土上に、直径２．５ｃｍの丸孔を縦横０．２５ｍの間隔で格子状に開けた地覆部材（菜園用イワタニリバースマルチ白黒（岩谷マテリアル株式会社製））を敷き、各丸孔に、沢わさびの苗を株元まで植えた。送水ポンプにより、５Ｌ／ｍｉｎの水量で、栽培槽の水頭部から地下水を連続的に導入した。 (1) Cultivation of wasabi <Example 1>
In the cultivation tank, gravel, sand, and coarse sand are laminated in this order from the bottom to create soil, and the soil is washed with a sufficient amount of cultivation water. A soil covering member (Iwatani Reverse Multi Black and White for vegetable garden (manufactured by Iwatani Material Co., Ltd.)) with 5 cm round holes opened in a grid pattern at intervals of 0.25 m is laid, and Sawa wasabi seedlings are placed in each round hole. Planted up to. Groundwater was continuously introduced from the head of the cultivation tank at a water volume of 5 L / min by a water pump.
　＜実施例２＞
　栽培槽（わさび田）に、下から礫、砂、粗砂の順で積層して作土を作成し、十分量の栽培水を用いて作土洗浄を行い、洗浄後の作土上に、直径２．５ｃｍの丸孔を縦横０．２５ｍ、０．２０ｍ、０．１７５ｍの間隔でそれぞれ格子状に開けた地覆部材（三層シルバーポリ保温用（岩谷マテリアル株式会社製））を敷き、苗植え列ごとに栽培水が流れる流路を形成し、各丸孔に浸透水量を制御する作土を載せ、沢わさびの苗を株元まで植えた。送水ポンプにより、２５０Ｌ／ｍｉｎの水量で、栽培槽の水頭部から地下水を連続的に導入した。 <Example 2>
In the cultivation tank (wasabi field), gravel, sand, and coarse sand are laminated in this order from the bottom to create soil, and the soil is washed with a sufficient amount of cultivation water. A soil covering member (three-layer silver poly for heat insulation (manufactured by Iwatani Material Co., Ltd.)) with round holes with a diameter of 2.5 cm opened in a grid pattern at intervals of 0.25 m, 0.20 m, and 0.175 m was laid. A flow path for cultivated water was formed for each row of seedlings, soil was placed in each round hole to control the amount of seepage water, and Sawa wasabi seedlings were planted up to the root of the plant. Groundwater was continuously introduced from the head of the cultivation tank at a water volume of 250 L / min by a water pump.
　＜比較例１＞
　栽培槽の作土上に、地覆部材を配設しなかった以外は、上述した実施例１と同様に行った。 <Comparative Example 1>
The same procedure as in Example 1 described above was carried out except that the ground covering member was not arranged on the soil of the cultivation tank.
　（２）評価
　栽培した沢わさびの栽培ムラおよび生育速度について、以下の評価基準に基づいて評価を行った。 (2) Evaluation The cultivation unevenness and growth rate of cultivated wasabi were evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria.
　＜栽培ムラ＞
　３：栽培ムラが全くない
　２：若干の栽培ムラがあるが許容範囲
　１：栽培ムラがある <Cultivation unevenness>
3: No uneven cultivation 2: Some uneven cultivation but acceptable range 1: Uneven cultivation
　＜生育速度＞
　根茎の生育が始まるまでの日数で評価を行った。
　３：植苗から２００日以内
　２：植苗から２０１～３６５日
　１：植苗から３６５日超 <Growth rate>
The evaluation was made based on the number of days until the rhizome started to grow.
3: Within 200 days after planting 2: 201-365 days after planting 1: Over 365 days after planting
　＜生育速度２＞
　栽培を開始してから半年後の葉の大きさで評価を行った。
　３：長さ１５ｃｍ以上
　２：長さ５～１５ｃｍ
　１：長さ１～５ｃｍ <Growth rate 2>
The evaluation was made based on the size of the leaves six months after the start of cultivation.
3: Length 15 cm or more 2: Length 5 to 15 cm
1: Length 1-5 cm
　（３）試験結果
　結果を表１に示す。また、比較例１及び、実施例１に示した栽培システムにより生育した沢わさびの生育差の様子を、図１４の図面代用写真に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 (3) Test results The results are shown in Table 1. Further, the state of the growth difference of the wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is shown in the drawing substitute photograph of FIG.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
　表１に示す通り、実施例１および２は、比較例１と比べて、生育ムラが無く、生育も良好であった。また、表１および図１４に示す通り、実施例１および２は、生育速度も比較例１に比べて早く、効率的な沢わさびの栽培ができることが分かった。 As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 and 2 had no uneven growth and good growth as compared with Comparative Example 1. Further, as shown in Table 1 and FIG. 14, it was found that Examples 1 and 2 had a faster growth rate than Comparative Example 1 and could efficiently cultivate wasabi.
　［実験例２］
　実験例２では、実際の大きさのわさび田に、地覆部材を展開した場合の栽培水の流れを検証した。 [Experimental Example 2]
In Experimental Example 2, the flow of cultivated water when the ground covering member was deployed in the wasabi field of the actual size was verified.
　＜実施例３＞
　長さ８ｍ、幅３．２ｍの栽培槽に、前記実施例２と同様の作土を作成し、作土の上に前記実施例２と同様の地覆部材を展開し、送水ポンプにより、２５０Ｌ／ｍｉｎの水量で、栽培槽の水頭部から地下水を連続的に導入した。 <Example 3>
A soil similar to that of Example 2 was prepared in a cultivation tank having a length of 8 m and a width of 3.2 m, a groundwater covering member similar to that of Example 2 was spread on the soil, and 250 L was used by a water pump. Groundwater was continuously introduced from the head of the cultivation tank with a water volume of / min.
　実施例３では、栽培水は末尾部まで途切れずに、地覆部材の表面を流れた。また、地覆部材をめくった際に作土上は水で満たされておらず、効率的な浸透が行えていることが検証できた。 In Example 3, the cultivated water flowed on the surface of the ground covering member without interruption to the end. In addition, it was verified that the soil was not filled with water when the ground covering member was turned over, and that efficient infiltration was possible.
　［実験例３］
　実験例３では、第７実施形態に係る沢わさび栽培システム１おいて、多孔管１８の有無による沢わさびの生育への影響を調べた。 [Experimental Example 3]
In Experimental Example 3, in the wasabi cultivation system 1 according to the seventh embodiment, the influence of the presence or absence of the porous tube 18 on the growth of wasabi was investigated.
　（１）沢わさびの栽培
　＜実施例４＞
　１／５０の傾斜勾配を有し、４０００ｍｍ幅×８０００ｍｍ長の栽培槽内に、下から礫、砂、粗砂の順で積層して作土を作成し、十分量の栽培水を用いて作土洗浄を行い、洗浄後の作土中央部に沢わさびの苗を株元まで植えた。送水ポンプにより、２５０Ｌ／ｍｉｎの水量で、栽培槽の最上流へ地下水を導入した。また、予めＣＦＤ解析を行い、栽培槽の底部には、前記ＣＦＤ解析の結果、作土部表面から１００ｍｍの深さまでの流速で最も遅いと判定される層を２５ｍｍ深さの層とし、更にその層断面で最も遅いと判定される区画を水頭より５０００ｍｍとし、該中心から流れ方向の前の１０００ｍｍの位置を起点として設定し、４本の多孔管（４ｍ×φ６５ｍｍ、トヨドレンダブル管 TDW65（全面有孔管；８列孔））を配設した。多孔管同士の距離は均等とし、栽培水の流れ方向に対して直行する方向において、各１０００ｍｍとした。また、多孔管の排水口に取り付けられた分水栓により、表面水が流れる程度（表面水：浸透水＝３：７）まで、浸透水量と表面水量を調整した。 (1) Cultivation of wasabi <Example 4>
A soil with a slope of 1/50 is created by laminating gravel, sand, and coarse sand in this order from the bottom in a cultivation tank with a width of 4000 mm and a length of 8000 mm, and the soil is cultivated using a sufficient amount of cultivation water. The soil was washed, and Sawa wasabi seedlings were planted up to the root of the soil in the central part of the soil after washing. Groundwater was introduced into the uppermost stream of the cultivation tank at a water volume of 250 L / min by a water pump. In addition, CFD analysis was performed in advance, and as a result of the CFD analysis, the layer determined to be the slowest at the flow velocity from the surface of the soil to a depth of 100 mm was defined as a 25 mm deep layer at the bottom of the cultivation tank. The section judged to be the slowest in the layer cross section is set to 5000 mm from the head, and the position 1000 mm in front of the center is set as the starting point, and four perforated pipes (4 m x φ65 mm, toyodren double pipe TDW65 (entire surface)) are set. A perforated tube; 8 rows of holes)) was arranged. The distance between the perforated tubes was made uniform, and each was 1000 mm in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the cultivated water. In addition, the amount of permeated water and the amount of surface water were adjusted to the extent that surface water flowed (surface water: permeated water = 3: 7) by a diversion faucet attached to the drain port of the perforated pipe.
　＜比較例２＞
　栽培槽の底部に複数の多孔管を配設しなかった以外は、上述した実施例と同様に行った。 <Comparative Example 2>
The procedure was the same as in the above-mentioned example, except that a plurality of porous tubes were not arranged at the bottom of the cultivation tank.
　（２）結果
　図１５は、実施例４に示した栽培システムにより生育した沢わさびの図面代用写真を示し、図１３は、比較例２に示した栽培システムにより生育した沢わさびの図面代用写真を示す。実施例４は、比較例２と比べて、生育ムラが無く、生育も良好であることが分かった。また、実施例４は、生育速度も比較例に比べて早く、栽培周期が短いということも判明した。 (2) Results FIG. 15 shows a drawing-substituting photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Example 4, and FIG. 13 shows a drawing-substituting photograph of wasabi grown by the cultivation system shown in Comparative Example 2. show. It was found that Example 4 had no uneven growth and had good growth as compared with Comparative Example 2. It was also found that in Example 4, the growth rate was faster than that of the comparative example, and the cultivation cycle was short.
１：沢わさび栽培システム
１１：作土
１２：地覆部材
１２１：貫通孔
１２２：第２の貫通孔
１３：栽培水保持部
１３１：表面水排出部
１４：浸透水排出部
１５：重錘部
１６：浸透水制御部
１７：栽培水供給部
１８：多孔管
１８０：起点
Ｔ：栽培槽
Ｔ１：最上流
Ｔ２：最下流 1: Sawa wasabi cultivation system 11: Soil 12: Ground covering member 121: Through hole 122: Second through hole 13: Cultivation water holding part 131: Surface water discharge part 14: Penetration water discharge part 15: Weight part 16 : Penetration water control unit 17: Cultivation water supply unit 18: Porous tube 180: Starting point T: Cultivation tank T1: Upstream T2: Most downstream

Claims (12)

  1. 　作土と、
    　該作土上に配置され、沢わさびの苗が貫通可能な貫通孔を有する、透水度５０％以下のシート状または板状の地覆部材と、
    　該地覆部材の上に配置され、前記地覆部材の表面全体に亘って栽培水を保持する栽培水保持部と、
    　を有し、
    　前記栽培水保持部から前記貫通孔を通して栽培水が作土へ浸透する、沢わさび栽培システム。     Soil and
    A sheet-shaped or plate-shaped ground covering member having a permeability of 50% or less, which is placed on the soil and has a through hole through which wasabi seedlings can penetrate.
    A cultivation water holding portion arranged on the ground covering member and holding the cultivation water over the entire surface of the ground covering member,
    Have,
    A wasabi cultivation system in which cultivated water permeates the soil from the cultivated water holding portion through the through hole.
  2. 　前記栽培水保持部へ、連続的に栽培水が供給される、請求項１に記載の沢わさび栽培システム。 The wasabi cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation water is continuously supplied to the cultivation water holding unit.
  3. 　前記栽培水保持部は、前記地覆部材の表面上の栽培水を排出する表面水排出部を有する、請求項１または２に記載の沢わさび栽培システム。 The wasabi cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cultivated water holding unit has a surface water discharging unit that discharges cultivated water on the surface of the ground covering member.
  4. 　前記作土の下部に配置され、作土へ浸透した栽培水を排出する浸透水排出部を有する、請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の沢わさび栽培システム。 The wasabi cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is arranged at the bottom of the soil and has a permeated water discharge unit that discharges the cultivated water that has permeated the soil.
  5. 　前記地覆部材の上面に、前記地覆部材を前記作土へ密着させる重錘部を有する、請求項１から４のいずれか一項に記載の沢わさび栽培システム。 The wasabi cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a weight portion on the upper surface of the ground covering member to bring the ground covering member into close contact with the soil.
  6. 　前記貫通孔から前記作土への栽培水の浸透量を制御する浸透水制御部を有する、請求項１から５のいずれか一項に記載の沢わさび栽培システム。 The wasabi cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which has a permeation water control unit for controlling the permeation amount of cultivation water from the through hole to the soil.
  7. 　前記地覆部材には、沢わさびの定植が行われない第２の貫通孔を有する、請求項１から６のいずれか一項に記載の沢わさび栽培システム。 The wasabi cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ground covering member has a second through hole in which the wasabi is not planted.
  8. 　前記作土が敷設され、底面に傾斜勾配を有する栽培槽と、
    　前記栽培槽の底部に、前記栽培水の流れ方向に対して前記栽培槽の最下流まで配設された１又は複数の多孔管と、
    を備える、請求項１から７のいずれか一項に記載の沢わさびの栽培システム。     A cultivation tank in which the soil is laid and has a slope on the bottom,
    At the bottom of the cultivation tank, one or more porous tubes arranged to the most downstream of the cultivation tank with respect to the flow direction of the cultivation water,
    The wasabi cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
  9. 　前記多孔管の起点は、前記栽培槽の最上流と最下流との間に規定される、請求項８に記載の沢わさびの栽培システム。 The swamp wasabi cultivation system according to claim 8, wherein the starting point of the perforated tube is defined between the most upstream and the most downstream of the cultivation tank.
  10. 　作土と、
    　該作土上に配置され、沢わさびの根茎が貫通可能な貫通孔を有する、透水度５０％以下のシート状または板状の地覆部材と、
    　該地覆部材の上に配置され、前記地覆部材の表面全体に亘って栽培水を保持する栽培水保持部と、
    　を有する沢わさび栽培システムを用いて、
    　前記栽培水保持部へ連続的に栽培水を供給する栽培水供給工程と、
    　前記栽培水保持部から前記貫通孔を通して栽培水を作土へ浸透させる栽培水浸透工程と、
    　前記地覆部材の表面上の栽培水を排出する表面水排出工程と、
    　前記作土の下部から、作土へ浸透した栽培水を排出する浸透水排出工程と、
    　を行う、沢わさび栽培方法。     Soil and
    A sheet-shaped or plate-shaped ground covering member having a permeability of 50% or less, which is placed on the soil and has a through hole through which the rhizome of wasabi can penetrate.
    A cultivation water holding portion arranged on the ground covering member and holding the cultivation water over the entire surface of the ground covering member,
    Using the wasabi cultivation system that has
    A cultivation water supply process for continuously supplying cultivation water to the cultivation water holding portion, and
    A cultivation water infiltration step of infiltrating the cultivation water from the cultivation water holding portion through the through hole into the soil.
    The surface water discharge step of discharging the cultivation water on the surface of the ground covering member,
    A permeation water discharge process that discharges the cultivated water that has permeated the soil from the bottom of the soil,
    Wasabi cultivation method.
  11. 　前記表面水排出工程で排出された栽培水は、循環させずに前記沢わさび栽培システムから排出される、請求項１０に記載の沢わさび栽培方法。 The wasabi cultivation method according to claim 10, wherein the cultivated water discharged in the surface water discharge step is discharged from the wasabi cultivation system without being circulated.
  12. 　前記浸透水排出工程で排出された栽培水は、循環させずに前記沢わさび栽培システムから排出される、請求項１０または１１に記載の沢わさび栽培方法。 The wasabi cultivation method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the cultivated water discharged in the seepage water discharge step is discharged from the wasabi cultivation system without being circulated.
PCT/JP2021/043319 2020-11-26 2021-11-26 Cultivation system and cultivation method for water-grown wasabi WO2022114098A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5018224A (en) * 1973-06-21 1975-02-26
JPH04108323A (en) * 1990-08-28 1992-04-09 Mihoko Yamamoto Apparatus for water culture of japanese horseradish cultivable at home
JPH0923774A (en) * 1995-07-12 1997-01-28 Toshiba Eng & Constr Co Ltd Nutritious liquid cultivation of plant and fix planting unit used for the same
JP2009100656A (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-05-14 Tokai Steel Kogyo Kk Device and method for cultivating japanese horseradish

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5018224A (en) * 1973-06-21 1975-02-26
JPH04108323A (en) * 1990-08-28 1992-04-09 Mihoko Yamamoto Apparatus for water culture of japanese horseradish cultivable at home
JPH0923774A (en) * 1995-07-12 1997-01-28 Toshiba Eng & Constr Co Ltd Nutritious liquid cultivation of plant and fix planting unit used for the same
JP2009100656A (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-05-14 Tokai Steel Kogyo Kk Device and method for cultivating japanese horseradish

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