WO2022110679A1 - 变流器容错控制方法、***及风力发电机组 - Google Patents

变流器容错控制方法、***及风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022110679A1
WO2022110679A1 PCT/CN2021/093776 CN2021093776W WO2022110679A1 WO 2022110679 A1 WO2022110679 A1 WO 2022110679A1 CN 2021093776 W CN2021093776 W CN 2021093776W WO 2022110679 A1 WO2022110679 A1 WO 2022110679A1
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Prior art keywords
fault
converter
power switching
switching device
state type
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PCT/CN2021/093776
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张鲁华
吴延俊
葛昊祥
宋敬波
宋程
崔秀亮
寻征轩
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上海电气风电集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022110679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022110679A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of wind power, and in particular, to a converter fault-tolerant control method, system, and wind turbine.
  • Wind power generation refers to the use of wind turbines to convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy.
  • the converter is gradually required to have a certain fault-tolerant operation capability in a fault state. That is to say, if the fault state is within a certain controllable range, the equipment should continue to generate electricity under the fault state.
  • IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • wind power converters generally attribute all the faults of power switching devices to serious faults, which directly cause all wind turbines to shut down. In fact, if the faults are classified and analyzed in detail, the converter still remains in some fault states. It has a certain derating power generation capacity.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a converter fault-tolerant control method, system and wind power generator set, so that the converter still has a certain derating power generation capacity when a specific fault occurs, and reduces the power generation caused by the shutdown caused by the fault. loss.
  • One aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a converter fault-tolerant control method, which is applied to a wind turbine.
  • the method includes: when a converter of a wind power generating set fails, controlling the converter to enter a fault shutdown state; diagnosing the fault state type of the converter; When the fault state type belongs to a predetermined fault state type, the converter is controlled to enter a fault-tolerant operating state from the fault-stop state, wherein, in the fault-tolerant operating state, no fault occurs in the converter using the At least a part of the devices continues to derate the wind turbine.
  • the system includes a converter for a wind turbine, a converter controller and a main controller.
  • the converter controller is used for diagnosing a fault state type of the converter when the converter fails.
  • the main controller is configured to control the converter to enter a fault shutdown state when the converter fails, and control the converter when the diagnosed fault state type of the converter belongs to a predetermined fault state type.
  • the converter enters a fault tolerant operating state from the fault shutdown state, wherein in the fault tolerant operating state the main controller utilizes at least a portion of the non-faulted devices in the converter Continue to derate power generation for the wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine also includes the converter fault-tolerant control system as described above.
  • the converter fault-tolerant control method, the converter fault-tolerant control system, and the wind power generator set with the converter fault-tolerant control system propose a fault-tolerant operation strategy in a fault state, which can make the converter of the wind power generator set Under certain fault type conditions, by using the remaining good components in the converter to continue the derating power generation behavior, the power generation loss during the specific fault time of the wind turbine can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a converter fault-tolerant control system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a machine-side converter/grid-side converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a generator-side converter/grid-side converter in which a first fault state type/second fault state type occurs according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a machine-side converter in which a third fault state type occurs according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a fault-tolerant control method for a converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 discloses a schematic side view of a wind turbine 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine 100 includes a plurality of blades 101 , a nacelle 102 , a hub 103 and a tower 104 .
  • a tower 104 extends upward from a foundation (not shown), a nacelle 102 is mounted on the top of the tower 104 , a hub 103 is mounted on one end of the nacelle 102 , and a plurality of blades 101 are mounted on the hub 103 .
  • FIG. 2 discloses a schematic block diagram of a converter fault-tolerant control system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a converter fault-tolerant control system 200 includes a converter 201 , a converter controller 202 and a main controller 203 for the wind turbine generator 100 .
  • the converter 201 includes a machine-side converter 301 for connection with the generator 401 of the wind turbine 100 and a grid-side converter 302 for connection to the grid 402 .
  • the generator-side converter 301 and the grid-side converter 302 are connected by positive and negative DC bus bars 501 and 502 .
  • the converter controller 202 is connected to the machine-side converter 301 and the grid-side converter 302 respectively, and is used to control the machine-side converter 301 and the grid-side converter 302 respectively.
  • the main controller 203 is connected to the converter controller 202 .
  • the converter controller 202 can diagnose the fault state type of the converter 201 .
  • the converter controller 202 can detect the fault state type of the converter 201 by reading the fault feedback signal of the power switching device, or by sampling data of the fault state.
  • the main controller 203 can control the converter 201 to enter the fault stop state, and the main controller 203 is determining the fault state of the converter 201 diagnosed by the converter controller 202
  • the main controller 203 can control the converter 201 to enter the fault-tolerant operating state from the fault-stop state.
  • the main controller 203 can choose to make the converter 201 enter the fault-tolerant operation state or keep the fault-stop state through the user's preset parameters or manual operation.
  • the converter controller 202 controls the converter 201 to enter the fault-tolerant operation state.
  • the main controller 203 can continue to derate the wind turbine 100 by using at least a part of the components in the converter 201 that are not faulty.
  • the fault-tolerant operation strategy proposed by the converter fault-tolerant control system 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention can make the converter 201 of the wind turbine 100 use the remaining good components in the converter 201 under certain fault type conditions.
  • the derating power generation behavior is continued, so that the power generation loss during the specific failure time of the wind turbine generator 100 can be reduced.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a machine-side converter 301/grid-side converter 302 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • each of the machine-side converters 301 and the grid-side converters 302 includes a plurality of phase modules 600 , such as A-phase modules 600 , B-phase modules 600 , and C-phase modules 600 Wait.
  • Each phase module 600 includes an upper power switching device Q1 and a lower power switching device Q2 connected in series, an upper diode D1 connected in anti-parallel with the upper power switching device Q1 and a lower diode D1 connected in anti-parallel with the lower power switching device Q2 D2.
  • the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 may include, for example, IGBTs.
  • the control terminals of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of each phase module 600 are respectively connected to the converter controller 202 .
  • the converter controller 202 can respectively send control pulse signals, such as PWM, to the control terminals of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of each phase module 600 in the machine-side converter 301 or the grid-side converter 302 . (Pulse Width Modulation) signal.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the connection point between the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of the A-phase module 600 in the machine-side converter 301 can be connected to the generator phase A of the wind turbine 100 through the single-phase filter circuit 601 , and the connection point of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of the B-phase module 600 can be connected to the power generation through the single-phase filter circuit 601 , for example.
  • the connection point of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of the generator B-phase and C-phase module 600 can be connected to the generator phase C through a single-phase filter circuit 601, for example.
  • connection point of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of the A-phase module 600 in the grid-side converter 302 can be connected to the grid phase A through a single-phase filter circuit 601 , for example.
  • the connection point of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of the B-phase module 600 can be connected to the B-phase of the power grid, for example, through the single-phase filter circuit 601, and the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 of the C-phase module 600
  • the connection point of for example, can be connected to phase C of the grid through a single-phase filter circuit 601 .
  • the predetermined fault state type described in this embodiment of the present invention may include a first fault state type, and the first fault state type is that the number of phase modules 600 in the machine-side converter 301 that are not faulty is two-phase or more than two phases.
  • the A-phase modules 600 and B-phase modules 600 are not faulty, and the C-phase, . . . , N-phase modules 600 are faulty.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the machine-side converter 301 in which the first fault state type occurs according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , in the machine-side converter 301 , the A-phase module 600 and the B-phase module 600 are not faulty, and the C-phase module 600 is faulty.
  • the fault type of the faulty phase module 600 in the machine-side converter 301 may include, for example, at least one of the upper power switching device Q1 , the upper diode D1 , the lower power switching device Q2 and the lower diode D2 An open circuit fault has occurred.
  • the upper power switching device Q1 , the lower power switching device Q2 , the upper diode D1 and the lower diode D2 in the C-phase module 600 in the machine-side converter 301 shown in FIG. 4 all fail.
  • the converter controller 202 can identify the faulty phase module 600 through the detection means, and the main controller 203 can detect the faulty phase module 600 Blocking occurs and control continues for the phase modules 600 that have not failed.
  • the main controller 203 may send a continuous turn-off signal to the power switching devices of the failed phase module 600, so that these power switching devices are turned off, and thus the failed phase module 600 is blocked.
  • the main controller 203 can recalculate the relevant control formula and control strategy (such as the coordinate system transformation formula) and relevant parameters (such as the operating power limit value) of the converter 201 according to the new circuit topology after the faulty phase module 600 is blocked. , DC voltage reference value, etc.), the main controller 203 can send a control pulse signal, such as a PWM signal, to the power switching device of the phase module 600 that has not failed. Therefore, it is possible to continue to perform derating power generation on the wind turbine generator set 100, thereby reducing the loss of power generation during the shutdown period caused by the failure.
  • a control pulse signal such as a PWM signal
  • the predetermined fault state type described in this embodiment of the present invention may further include a second fault state type, and the second fault state type is that the number of phase modules 600 in the grid-side converter 302 that are not faulty is two phase or more than two phases.
  • the A-phase modules 600 and B-phase modules 600 are not faulty, and the C-phase, . . . , N-phase modules 600 are faulty.
  • FIG. 4 also discloses a schematic diagram of the grid-side converter 302 in which the second fault state type occurs according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , in the grid-side converter 302 , the A-phase module 600 and the B-phase module 600 are not faulty, and the C-phase module 600 is faulty.
  • the fault type of the faulted phase module 600 in the grid-side converter 302 may include, for example, at least one of the upper power switching device Q1 , the upper diode D1 , the lower power switching device Q2 and the lower diode D2 An open circuit fault has occurred.
  • the upper power switching device Q1 , the lower power switching device Q2 , the upper diode D1 and the lower diode D2 in the C-phase module 600 in the grid-side converter 302 shown in FIG. 4 all fail.
  • the converter controller 202 can identify the faulty phase module 600 through the detection means, and the main controller 203 can detect the faulty phase module 600 Blocking occurs and control continues for the phase modules 600 that have not failed.
  • the main controller 203 may send a continuous turn-off signal to the power switching devices of the failed phase module 600, so that these power switching devices are turned off, so that the failed phase module 600 is blocked.
  • the main controller 203 can recalculate the relevant control formula and control strategy (such as the coordinate system transformation formula) and relevant parameters (such as the operating power limit value) of the converter 201 according to the new circuit topology after the faulty phase module 600 is blocked. , DC voltage reference value, etc.), the main controller 203 can send a control pulse signal, such as a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation) signal, to the power switching device of the phase module 600 that has not failed. Therefore, it is possible to continue to perform derating power generation on the wind turbine generator set 100, thereby reducing the loss of power generation during the shutdown period caused by the failure.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation
  • the predetermined fault state type described in this embodiment of the present invention may further include a third fault state type, where the third fault state type is when the generator type used by the wind turbine 100 is a permanent magnet motor, and the generator
  • the number of unfaulted phase modules 600 in the side converter 301 is less than two phases. For example, only the A-phase module 600 is not faulty, and the B-phase, C-phase, . . . , N-phase modules 600 are faulty.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the machine-side converter 301 in which the third fault state type occurs according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , in the machine-side converter 301 , the A-phase module 600 , the B-phase module 600 and the C-phase module 600 all fail.
  • the fault type of the faulty phase module 600 in the machine-side converter 301 may include, for example, that at least one of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 has an open-circuit fault.
  • the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 in the A-phase module 600 , the B-phase module 600 and the C-phase module 600 in the machine-side converter 301 shown in FIG. 5 all fail.
  • the main controller 203 can control all the power switching devices in the machine-side converter 301 to send a continuous shutdown signal, and the machine-side converter 301 All power switching devices in The diode in the converter 301 is normally turned on, and at this time, the DC output voltage of the permanent magnet motor will be rectified by the diode.
  • the main controller 203 recalculates the relevant parameters of the converter 201 (such as the operating power limit value, the DC voltage reference value, the grid-side DC voltage feedforward value, etc.) based on the DC output voltage, and recalculates the parameters based on the DC output voltage.
  • the related parameters of the converter 201 are used to control the grid-side converter 302 .
  • the main controller 203 when the calculated DC output voltage is higher than the grid-side minimum rectified voltage, the main controller 203 performs PWM controllable rectification on the grid-side converter 302 .
  • the main controller 203 can also perform acceleration control on the permanent magnet motor. For example, the main controller 203 can accelerate the permanent magnet motor by pitching (opening the paddle to improve the wind energy capture capability), so that the permanent magnet motor is not controlled
  • the rectified DC output voltage is raised above the grid-side minimum rectified voltage, and the energy flows from the machine-side converter 301 to the grid-side converter 302 for power grid connection.
  • the controller performs PWM controllable rectification on the grid-side converter 302 based on the relevant parameters of the converter 201 recalculated based on the DC output voltage.
  • the converter fault-tolerant control system 200 and the wind turbine generator 100 having the converter fault-tolerant control system 200 make the converter 201 a fault-tolerant operation strategy algorithm by adding the fault-tolerant operation strategy algorithm of the converter 201 under a specific fault condition.
  • the converter 201 still has a certain derating power generation capacity, so that the power generation loss during the shutdown period caused by the fault can be reduced.
  • FIG. 6 discloses a flowchart of a fault-tolerant control method for a converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a fault-tolerant control method for a converter according to an embodiment of the present invention may include steps S11 to S14.
  • step S11 when the converter 201 of the wind power generating set 100 is faulty, the converter 201 is controlled to enter a fault shutdown state.
  • step S12 the fault state type of the converter 201 is diagnosed.
  • the type of fault state of the converter 201 may be detected by reading the fault feedback signal of the power switching device, or by sampling data of the fault state.
  • step S13 it is judged whether the diagnosed fault state type of the converter 201 belongs to a predetermined fault state type? In the case where the judgment result is YES, the process proceeds to step S14.
  • step S14 when the diagnosed fault state type of the converter 201 belongs to a predetermined fault state type, the converter 201 is controlled to enter the fault-tolerant operating state from the fault-stop state, wherein, in the fault-tolerant operating state, The wind turbine 100 continues to be derated to generate electricity using at least a part of the components in the converter 201 that are not faulted.
  • the converter 201 may comprise a machine-side converter 301 for connection with generators of the wind turbine 100 and a grid-side converter 302 for connection to the grid, the machine-side converter 301 and the grid-side converter
  • Each side converter 201 in 302 includes a plurality of phase modules 600, and each phase module 600 includes an upper power switching device Q1 and a lower power switching device Q2 connected in series, and is in antiparallel with the upper power switching device Q1 The upper diode D1 and the lower diode D2 connected in anti-parallel with the lower power switching device Q2.
  • the predetermined fault state type may include at least one of a first fault state type and a second fault state type, where the first fault state type is the number of phase modules 600 in the machine-side converter 301 that are not faulted is two or more phases, and the second fault state type is that the number of phase modules 600 in the grid-side converter 302 that are not faulted is two or more phases.
  • the fault type of the faulted phase module 600 includes that at least one of the upper power switching device Q1 , the upper diode D1 , the lower power switching device Q2 and the lower diode D2 has an open circuit fault .
  • controlling to enter the fault-tolerant operating state may include: blocking the failed phase module 600 ; and continuing to control the non-faulted phase module 600 .
  • locking out the failed phase module 600 may include sending a continuous shutdown signal to the power switching device of the failed phase module 600 .
  • Continuing to control the unfailed phase module 600 may include sending a control pulse signal to the power switching device of the unfailed phase module 600 .
  • the predetermined fault state type may further include a third fault state type, and the third fault state type is when the generator type used by the wind turbine 100 is a permanent magnet motor, and the generator-side converter 301 is not The number of failed phase modules 600 is less than two phases.
  • the fault type of the faulted phase module 600 includes that at least one of the upper power switching device Q1 and the lower power switching device Q2 has an open-circuit fault.
  • controlling to enter the fault-tolerant operating state may include: sending a continuous turn-off signal to all power switching devices in the machine-side converter 301; output voltage; and controlling the grid-side converter 302 based on the DC output voltage.
  • the converter fault-tolerant control method may further include: when the DC output voltage is lower than the minimum rectified voltage on the grid side, for example, the permanent magnet motor may be accelerated by means of pitching, etc., to Increase the DC output voltage of the permanent magnet motor to above the minimum rectified voltage on the grid side. Wherein, after the rotation speed of the permanent magnet motor is increased, the grid-side converter 302 is controlled based on the DC output voltage.
  • the converter fault-tolerant control method according to the embodiment of the present invention has beneficial technical effects similar to those of the converter fault-tolerant control system 200 described above, and thus will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种变流器容错控制方法、***及风力发电机组。该方法应用于风力发电机组，其包括：在风力发电机组的变流器发生故障时，控制变流器进入故障停机状态；诊断变流器的故障状态类型；以及在诊断出的变流器的故障状态类型属于预定故障状态类型时，控制变流器从故障停机状态进入到故障容错运行状态，其中，在故障容错运行状态下，利用变流器中未发生故障的器件中的至少一部分继续对风力发电机组进行降额发电。从而，能够使变流器在发生特定故障时仍具备一定的降额发电能力，减小故障带来的停机发电量损失。

Description

变流器容错控制方法、***及风力发电机组 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及风电技术领域，尤其涉及一种变流器容错控制方法、***及风力发电机组。
背景技术
随着煤炭、石油等能源的逐渐枯竭，人类越来越重视可再生能源的利用。风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源越来越受到世界各国的重视。对于缺水、缺燃料和交通不便的沿海岛屿、草原牧区、山区和高原地带，因地制宜地利用风力发电，非常适合，大有可为。风力发电是指利用风电机组把风的动能转换为电能。
随着风力发电变流器的功率容量逐渐升高，变流器中包含的功率开关器件(如IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双极型晶体管)等)的数量也逐渐增多，造成了在质保期内器件失效的概率等比提升。因此，变流器除了具有故障保护能力以外，也逐渐被要求具备一定的故障状态的容错运行能力。也就是说，故障状态如果在一定的可控范围以内，设备应将在故障状态下持续进行发电的行为。
目前，风力发电变流器一般将功率开关器件的故障全部归属于严重故障，直接造成风力发电机组全部停机，而实际上如果对故障进行详细的分类与分析，在一些故障状态下变流器仍具备一定的降额发电能力。
发明内容
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种变流器容错控制方法、***及风力发电机组，使变流器在发生特定故障时仍具备一定的降额发电能力，减小故障带来的停机发电量损失。
本发明实施例的一个方面提供一种变流器容错控制方法，应用于风力发电机组。所述方法包括：在风力发电机组的变流器发生故障时，控制所述变流器进入故障停机状态；诊断所述变流器的故障状态类型；以及在诊断出的所述变流器的故障状态类型属于预定故障状态类型时，控制所述变流器从所述故障停机状态进入到故障容错运行状态，其中，在所述故障容错运行状态下，利用所述变流器中未发生故障的器件中的至少一部分继续对所述风力发电机组进行降额发电。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供一种变流器容错控制***，应用于风力发电机组。所述***包括用于风力发电机组的变流器、变流器控制器及主控制器。所述变流器控制器用于在所述变流器发生故障时诊断所述变流器的故障状态类型。所述主控制器用于在所述变流器发生故障时，控制所述变流器进入故障停机状态，并且，在诊断出的 所述变流器的故障状态类型属于预定故障状态类型时，控制所述变流器从所述故障停机状态进入到故障容错运行状态，其中，在所述故障容错运行状态下，所述主控制器利用所述变流器中未发生故障的器件中的至少一部分继续对所述风力发电机组进行降额发电。
本发明实施例的又一个方面还提供一种风力发电机组，其包括塔筒、安装于所述塔筒顶端的机舱、安装于所述机舱一端的轮毂以及安装于所述轮毂上的多个叶片。所述风力发电机组还包括如上所述的变流器容错控制***。
本发明实施例的变流器容错控制方法、变流器容错控制***及具有该变流器容错控制***的风力发电机组提出了一种故障状态容错运行策略，可以使得风力发电机组的变流器在一定的故障类型条件下，通过利用变流器中剩余良好的器件继续进行降额发电行为，从而，可以降低风力发电机组发生特定故障时间内的发电量损失。
附图说明
图1为本发明一个实施例的风力发电机组的侧面示意图；
图2为本发明一个实施例的变流器容错控制***的示意性框图；
图3为本发明一个实施例的机侧变流器/网侧变流器的结构示意图；
图4为本发明一个实施例的发生第一故障状态类型/第二故障状态类型的机侧变流器/网侧变流器的示意图；
图5为本发明一个实施例的发生第三故障状态类型的机侧变流器的示意图；
图6为本发明一个实施例的变流器容错控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施例并不代表与本发明相一致的所有实施例。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本发明的一些方面相一致的装置的例子。
在本发明实施例使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本发明。除非另作定义，本发明实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”或者“一”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“多个”或者“若干”表示两个及两个以上。除非另行指出，“前部”、“后部”、“下部”和/或“上部”等类似词语只是为了便于说明，而并非限于 一个位置或者一种空间定向。“包括”或者“包含”等类似词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，并不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而且可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
图1揭示了本发明一个实施例的风力发电机组100的侧面示意图。如图1所示，风力发电机组100包括多个叶片101、机舱102、轮毂103及塔架104。塔架104从基础(未图示)向上延伸，机舱102安装在塔架104的顶端，轮毂103安装在机舱102的一端，多个叶片101安装在轮毂103上。
本发明实施例的风力发电机组100还包括变流器容错控制***200。图2揭示了本发明一个实施例的变流器容错控制***200的示意性框图。如图2所示，本发明一个实施例的变流器容错控制***200包括用于风力发电机组100的变流器201、变流器控制器202及主控制器203。变流器201包括用于与风力发电机组100的发电机401连接的机侧变流器301及用于连接到电网402的网侧变流器302。机侧变流器301和网侧变流器302通过正、负直流母线501、502连接。变流器控制器202分别与机侧变流器301和网侧变流器302连接，分别用于对机侧变流器301和网侧变流器302进行控制。主控制器203与变流器控制器202连接。
在变流器201发生故障时，变流器控制器202可以诊断出变流器201的故障状态类型。例如，变流器控制器202可以通过读取功率开关器件的故障反馈信号，或者通过故障状态采样数据，来检测出变流器201的故障状态类型。
而且，在变流器201发生故障时，主控制器203可以控制变流器201进入故障停机状态，并且，主控制器203在确定变流器控制器202诊断出的变流器201的故障状态类型属于预定故障状态类型时，主控制器203可以控制变流器201从故障停机状态进入到故障容错运行状态。在一些实施例中，主控制器203可以通过用户的预设参数或者人为操作来选择让变流器201进入到故障容错运行状态或保持在故障停机状态。在变流器控制器202接收到主控制器203发出的容错运行的命令后，则由变流器控制器202控制变流器201进入到故障容错运行状态。其中，在变流器201处于故障容错运行状态下，主控制器203可以利用变流器201中未发生故障的器件中的至少一部分继续对风力发电机组100进行降额发电。
本发明实施例的变流器容错控制***200提出的故障状态容错运行策略，可以使得风力发电机组100的变流器201在一定的故障类型条件下，通过利用变流器201中剩余良好的器件继续进行降额发电行为，从而，可以降低风力发电机组100发生特定故 障时间内的发电量损失。
图3揭示了本发明一个实施例的机侧变流器301/网侧变流器302的结构示意图。如图3所示，机侧变流器301和网侧变流器302中的每一侧变流器均包括多个相模块600，例如A相模块600、B相模块600、C相模块600等。每一相模块600均包括串行连接的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2、以及与上功率开关器件Q1反向并联的上二极管D1和与下功率开关器件Q2反向并联的下二极管D2。上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2例如可以包括IGBT。每相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的控制端分别连接到变流器控制器202。变流器控制器202可以对机侧变流器301或网侧变流器302中的每相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的控制端分别发出控制脉冲信号，例如PWM(Pulse Width Modulation，脉宽调制)信号。
继续参照图3所示，以三相为例，对于机侧变流器301来说，机侧变流器301中的A相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的连接点例如可以通过单相滤波电路601连接到风力发电机组100的发电机A相，B相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的连接点例如可以通过单相滤波电路601连接到发电机B相，C相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的连接点例如可以通过单相滤波电路601连接到发电机C相。对于网侧变流器302来说，网侧变流器302中的A相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的连接点例如可以通过单相滤波电路601连接到电网A相，B相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的连接点例如可以通过单相滤波电路601连接到电网B相，C相模块600的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2的连接点例如可以通过单相滤波电路601连接到电网C相。
在一些实施例中，本发明实施例所述的预定故障状态类型可以包括第一故障状态类型，第一故障状态类型为机侧变流器301中未发生故障的相模块600数量为两相或两相以上。例如，A相模块600和B相模块600无故障，C相、……、N相模块600发生故障。以三相为例，图4揭示了本发明一个实施例的发生第一故障状态类型的机侧变流器301的示意图。如图4所示，在机侧变流器301中，A相模块600和B相模块600无故障，C相模块600发生故障。
在第一故障状态类型中，机侧变流器301中发生故障的相模块600的故障类型例如可以包括上功率开关器件Q1、上二极管D1、下功率开关器件Q2和下二极管D2中的至少一个发生断路故障。例如，图4中所示的机侧变流器301中的C相模块600中的上功率开关器件Q1、下功率开关器件Q2、上二极管D1及下二极管D2均发生故障。
在变流器201发生的预定故障状态类型属于第一故障状态类型时，变流器控制器202通过检测手段可以查明发生故障的相模块600，主控制器203可以对发生故障的相模块600进行封锁，并对未发生故障的相模块600继续进行控制。
在一个实施例中，主控制器203可以对发生故障的相模块600的功率开关器件 发出持续关断信号，使得这些功率开关器件被截止，从而发生故障的相模块600被封锁。主控制器203可以根据发生故障的相模块600被封锁后的新电路拓扑结构重新计算变流器201的相关控制公式和控制策略(例如坐标系变换公式)与相关参数(例如运行功率限幅值、直流电压参考值等)，主控制器203可以对未发生故障的相模块600的功率开关器件发出控制脉冲信号，例如PWM信号。从而，可以继续对风力发电机组100进行降额发电，减小故障带来的停机期间的发电量损失。
在另一些实施例中，本发明实施例所述的预定故障状态类型还可以包括第二故障状态类型，第二故障状态类型为网侧变流器302中未发生故障的相模块600数量为两相或两相以上。例如，A相模块600和B相模块600无故障，C相、……、N相模块600发生故障。以三相为例，图4同时也揭示了本发明另一个实施例的发生第二故障状态类型的网侧变流器302的示意图。如图4所示，在网侧变流器302中，A相模块600和B相模块600无故障，C相模块600发生故障。
在第二故障状态类型中，网侧变流器302中发生故障的相模块600的故障类型例如可以包括上功率开关器件Q1、上二极管D1、下功率开关器件Q2和下二极管D2中的至少一个发生断路故障。例如，图4中所示的网侧变流器302中的C相模块600中的上功率开关器件Q1、下功率开关器件Q2、上二极管D1及下二极管D2均发生故障。
在变流器201发生的预定故障状态类型属于第二故障状态类型时，变流器控制器202通过检测手段可以查明发生故障的相模块600，主控制器203可以对发生故障的相模块600进行封锁，并对未发生故障的相模块600继续进行控制。
在一个实施例中，主控制器203可以对发生故障的相模块600的功率开关器件发出持续关断信号，使得这些功率开关器件被截止，从而发生故障的相模块600被封锁。主控制器203可以根据发生故障的相模块600被封锁后的新电路拓扑结构重新计算变流器201的相关控制公式和控制策略(例如坐标系变换公式)与相关参数(例如运行功率限幅值、直流电压参考值等)，主控制器203可以对未发生故障的相模块600的功率开关器件发出控制脉冲信号，例如PWM(Pulse Width Modulation，脉宽调制)信号。从而，可以继续对风力发电机组100进行降额发电，减小故障带来的停机期间的发电量损失。
在又一些实施例中，本发明实施例所述的预定故障状态类型还可以包括第三故障状态类型，第三故障状态类型为当风力发电机组100所用的发电机类型为永磁电机，且机侧变流器301中未发生故障的相模块600数量少于两相。例如，仅A相模块600无故障，B相、C相、……、N相模块600发生故障。以三相为例，图5揭示了本发明一个实施例的发生第三故障状态类型的机侧变流器301的示意图。如图5所示，在机侧变流器301中，A相模块600、B相模块600和C相模块600均发生故障。
在第三故障状态类型中，机侧变流器301中发生故障的相模块600的故障类型 例如可以包括上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2中的至少一个发生断路故障。例如，图5中所示的机侧变流器301中的A相模块600、B相模块600和C相模块600中的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2均发生故障。
在变流器201发生的预定故障状态类型属于第三故障状态类型时，主控制器203可以控制对机侧变流器301中的所有功率开关器件发出持续关断信号，机侧变流器301中的所有功率开关器件关断，计算当前转速下永磁电机不控整流的直流输出电压，由于在第三故障状态类型时，机侧变流器301中的所有功率开关器件关断，机侧变流器301中的二极管正常导通，此时，永磁电机的直流输出电压会经二极管整流。主控制器203通过该直流输出电压重新计算变流器201的相关参数(例如运行功率限幅值、直流电压参考值、网侧直流电压前馈值等)，并基于直流输出电压重新计算出的变流器201相关参数来对网侧变流器302进行控制。
在一个实施例中，在计算出的直流输出电压高于网侧最低整流电压时，则主控制器203对网侧变流器302进行PWM可控整流。
在另一个实施例中，在计算出的永磁电机经二极管整流后的直流输出电压低于网侧最低整流电压时，由于在一定转速范围内提高永磁电机的转速可使其输出端口电压提高，则主控制器203还可以对永磁电机进行加速控制，例如主控制器203可以通过变桨(开桨提高风能捕获能力)等方式来对永磁电机进行加速，以使永磁电机不控整流的直流输出电压提高至网侧最低整流电压以上，能量从机侧变流器301流向网侧变流器302，进行功率上网。在永磁电机转速提高之后，控制器基于直流输出电压重新计算出的变流器201相关参数来对网侧变流器302进行PWM可控整流。
本发明实施例的变流器容错控制***200及具有该变流器容错控制***200的风力发电机组100通过在特定的故障工况下增加变流器201的故障状态容错运行策略算法，使变流器201在相模块600发生特定故障时仍具备一定的降额发电能力，从而可以减小故障带来的停机期间的发电量损失。
本发明实施例还提供了一种变流器容错控制方法，其应用于风力发电机组100。图6揭示了本发明一个实施例的变流器容错控制方法的流程图。如图所示，本发明一个实施例的变流器容错控制方法可以包括步骤S11至步骤S14。
在步骤S11中，在风力发电机组100的变流器201发生故障时，控制变流器201进入故障停机状态。
在步骤S12中，诊断变流器201的故障状态类型。
在一些实施例中，可以通过读取功率开关器件的故障反馈信号，或者通过故障状态采样数据，来检测变流器201的故障状态类型。
在步骤S13中，判断诊断出的变流器201的故障状态类型是否属于预定故障状 态类型？在判断结果为是的情况下，则过程进入到步骤S14。
在步骤S14中，在诊断出的变流器201的故障状态类型属于预定故障状态类型时，则控制变流器201从故障停机状态进入到故障容错运行状态，其中，在故障容错运行状态下，利用变流器201中未发生故障的器件中的至少一部分继续对风力发电机组100进行降额发电。
变流器201可以包括用于与风力发电机组100的发电机连接的机侧变流器301及用于连接到电网的网侧变流器302，机侧变流器301和网侧变流器302中的每一侧变流器201均包括多个相模块600，每一相模块600包括串行连接的上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2、以及与上功率开关器件Q1反向并联的上二极管D1和与下功率开关器件Q2反向并联的下二极管D2。
在一些实施例中，预定故障状态类型可以包括第一故障状态类型和第二故障状态类型中的至少一种，第一故障状态类型为机侧变流器301中未发生故障的相模块600数量为两相或两相以上，第二故障状态类型为网侧变流器302中未发生故障的相模块600数量为两相或两相以上。在第一故障状态类型和第二故障状态类型下，发生故障的相模块600的故障类型包括上功率开关器件Q1、上二极管D1、下功率开关器件Q2和下二极管D2中的至少一个发生断路故障。
在发生第一故障状态类型和第二故障状态类型时，控制进入到故障容错运行状态可以包括：对发生故障的相模块600进行封锁；及对未发生故障的相模块600继续进行控制。在一个实施例中，对发生故障的相模块600进行封锁可以包括：对发生故障的相模块600的功率开关器件发出持续关断信号。对未发生故障的相模块600继续进行控制可以包括：对未发生故障的相模块600的功率开关器件发出控制脉冲信号。
在另一些实施例中，预定故障状态类型还可以包括第三故障状态类型，第三故障状态类型为当风力发电机组100所用的发电机类型为永磁电机，且机侧变流器301中未发生故障的相模块600数量少于两相。在第三故障状态类型下，发生故障的相模块600的故障类型包括上功率开关器件Q1和下功率开关器件Q2中的至少一个发生断路故障。
在发生第三故障状态类型时，控制进入到故障容错运行状态可以包括：对机侧变流器301中的所有功率开关器件发出持续关断信号；计算当前转速下永磁电机不控整流的直流输出电压；以及基于直流输出电压来对网侧变流器302进行控制。
在一个实施例中，本发明实施例的变流器容错控制方法还可以包括：在直流输出电压低于网侧最低整流电压时，例如可以通过变桨等方式来对永磁电机进行加速，以使永磁电机的直流输出电压提高至网侧最低整流电压以上。其中，在永磁电机转速提高之后，基于直流输出电压来对网侧变流器302进行控制。
本发明实施例的变流器容错控制方法具有与上面所述的变流器容错控制***200相类似的有益技术效果，故，在此不再赘述。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的变流器容错控制方法、变流器容错控制***及风力发电机组进行了详细的介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明实施例的变流器容错控制方法、变流器容错控制***及风力发电机组进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想，并不用以限制本发明。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的精神和原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也均应落入本发明所附权利要求书的保护范围内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种变流器容错控制方法，应用于风力发电机组，所述方法包括：
    在风力发电机组的变流器发生故障时，控制所述变流器进入故障停机状态；
    诊断所述变流器的故障状态类型；以及
    在诊断出的所述变流器的故障状态类型属于预定故障状态类型时，控制所述变流器从所述故障停机状态进入到故障容错运行状态，其中，在所述故障容错运行状态下，利用所述变流器中未发生故障的器件中的至少一部分继续对所述风力发电机组进行降额发电。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述诊断所述变流器的故障状态类型包括：通过功率开关信号的故障反馈信号，或者通过故障状态采样数据，来检测所述变流器的故障状态类型。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述变流器包括用于与所述风力发电机组的发电机连接的机侧变流器及用于连接到电网的网侧变流器，所述机侧变流器和所述网侧变流器中的每一侧变流器均包括多个相模块，每一相模块包括串行连接的上功率开关器件和下功率开关器件、以及与所述上功率开关器件反向并联的上二极管和与所述下功率开关器件反向并联的下二极管，所述预定故障状态类型包括第一故障状态类型和第二故障状态类型中的至少一种，所述第一故障状态类型为所述机侧变流器中未发生故障的所述相模块数量为两相或两相以上，所述第二故障状态类型为所述网侧变流器中未发生故障的所述相模块数量为两相或两相以上。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：发生故障的所述相模块的故障类型包括所述上功率开关器件、所述上二极管、所述下功率开关器件和所述下二极管中的至少一个发生断路故障。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述进入到故障容错运行状态包括：
    对发生故障的所述相模块进行封锁；及
    对未发生故障的所述相模块继续进行控制。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：所述对发生故障的所述相模块进行封锁包括：对发生故障的所述相模块的功率开关器件发出持续关断信号；
    所述对未发生故障的所述相模块继续进行控制包括：
    对未发生故障的所述相模块的功率开关器件发出控制脉冲信号。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述预定故障状态类型还包括第三故障状态类型，所述第三故障状态类型为当所述风力发电机组所用的发电机类型为永磁电机，且所述机侧变流器中未发生故障的所述相模块数量少于两相。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：发生故障的所述相模块的故障类型包括所述上功率开关器件和所述下功率开关器件中的至少一个发生断路故障。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述进入到故障容错运行状态包括：
    对所述机侧变流器中的所有功率开关器件发出持续关断信号；
    计算当前转速下所述永磁电机不控整流的直流输出电压；
    基于所述直流输出电压来对所述网侧变流器进行控制。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：还包括：
    在所述直流输出电压低于网侧最低整流电压时，对所述永磁电机进行加速，以使所述永磁电机的所述直流输出电压提高至所述网侧最低整流电压以上，
    其中，在所述永磁电机转速提高之后，基于所述直流输出电压来对所述网侧变流器进行控制。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于：所述对所述永磁电机进行加速包括：
    通过变桨方式来对所述永磁电机进行加速。
  12. 一种变流器容错控制***，应用于风力发电机组，其特征在于：所述***包括：
    用于风力发电机组的变流器；
    变流器控制器，用于在所述变流器发生故障时诊断所述变流器的故障状态类型；以及主控制器，用于在所述变流器发生故障时，控制所述变流器进入故障停机状态，并且，在诊断出的所述变流器的故障状态类型属于预定故障状态类型时，控制所述变流器从所述故障停机状态进入到故障容错运行状态，其中，在所述故障容错运行状态下，所述主控制器利用所述变流器中未发生故障的器件中的至少一部分继续对所述风力发电机组进行降额发电。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的***，其特征在于：所述变流器控制器通过读取功率开关器件的故障反馈信号，或者通过故障状态采样数据，来检测出所述变流器的故障状态类型。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的***，其特征在于：所述变流器包括用于与所述风力发电机组的发电机连接的机侧变流器及用于连接到电网的网侧变流器，所述机侧变流器和所述网侧变流器中的每一侧变流器均包括多个相模块，每一相模块包括串行连接的上功率开关器件和下功率开关器件、以及与所述上功率开关器件反向并联的上二极管和与所述下功率开关器件反向并联的下二极管，所述预定故障状态类型包括第一故障状态类型和第二故障状态类型中的至少一种，所述第一故障状态类型为所述机侧变流器中未发生故障的所述相模块数量为两相或两相以上，所述第二故障状态类型为所述网侧变流器中未发生故障的所述相模块数量为两相或两相以上。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的***，其特征在于：发生故障的所述相模块的故障类型包括所述上功率开关器件、所述上二极管、所述下功率开关器件和所述下二极管中的至少一个发生断路故障。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的***，其特征在于：所述主控制器用于对发生故障的所述相模块进行封锁，并对未发生故障的所述相模块继续进行控制。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的***，其特征在于：所述主控制器用于对发生故障的所述相模块的功率开关器件发出持续关断信号；所述主控制器用于对未发生故障的所述相模块的功率开关器件发出控制脉冲信号。
  18. 如权利要求14所述的***，其特征在于：所述预定故障状态类型还包括第三故障状 态类型，所述第三故障状态类型为当所述风力发电机组所用的发电机类型为永磁电机，且所述机侧变流器中未发生故障的所述相模块数量少于两相。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的***，其特征在于：发生故障的所述相模块的故障类型包括所述上功率开关器件和所述下功率开关器件中的至少一个发生断路故障。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的***，其特征在于：所述主控制器用于对所述机侧变流器中的所有功率开关器件发出持续关断信号，计算当前转速下所述永磁电机不控整流的直流输出电压，并基于所述直流输出电压来对所述网侧变流器进行控制。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的***，其特征在于：所述主控制器还用于在所述直流输出电压低于网侧最低整流电压时，对所述永磁电机进行加速，以使所述永磁电机的所述直流输出电压提高至所述网侧最低整流电压以上，
    其中，在所述永磁电机转速提高之后，所述控制器基于所述直流输出电压来对所述网侧变流器进行控制。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的***，其特征在于：所述主控制器用于通过变桨方式来对所述永磁电机进行加速。
  23. 一种风力发电机组，其包括塔筒、安装于所述塔筒顶端的机舱、安装于所述机舱一端的轮毂以及安装于所述轮毂上的多个叶片，其特征在于：其还包括：如权利要求12至22中任一项所述的变流器容错控制***。
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