WO2022099585A1 - Dual-polarized four-ridge waveguide array antenna - Google Patents

Dual-polarized four-ridge waveguide array antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022099585A1
WO2022099585A1 PCT/CN2020/128579 CN2020128579W WO2022099585A1 WO 2022099585 A1 WO2022099585 A1 WO 2022099585A1 CN 2020128579 W CN2020128579 W CN 2020128579W WO 2022099585 A1 WO2022099585 A1 WO 2022099585A1
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
dual
array antenna
polarized
ridged
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PCT/CN2020/128579
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
姜山
陈智慧
赵涤燹
尤肖虎
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网络通信与安全紫金山实验室
成都天锐星通科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022099585A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022099585A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays

Definitions

  • the present application relates to antenna technology, for example, to a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna.
  • Dual-polarized array antennas are widely used in various microwave systems, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging systems and satellite communication systems. Due to the advantages of flexible design, simple manufacturing process, and easy conformal design of microstrip array antennas, dual-polarized microstrip array antennas are the most common form of dual-polarized array antennas.
  • SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar
  • microstrip array antennas have surface wave loss, which makes it difficult to further improve the radiation efficiency.
  • the parasitic radiation effect of the microstrip feeder network will also deteriorate the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • a cavity-loaded microstrip array antenna is proposed.
  • the cavity-back usually has a high quality factor, the cavity-loaded antenna often only has a narrow bandwidth. In order to improve the bandwidth, the proposed multi-layer coupling feeding structure will further reduce the feeding efficiency.
  • the demand for array antennas is increasing, especially the wide-band and large-angle planar beam scanning array antennas, the current dual-polarized array antennas Difficult to meet usage requirements.
  • the present application provides a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna, which compresses the size of the array antenna, so that the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna can be applied to various plane beam scanning scenarios.
  • the present application provides a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna, including:
  • the waveguide radiation cavity array includes m ⁇ n open four-ridged waveguide units, each open four-ridged waveguide unit is an open-ended waveguide cavity with a ridged part in the middle of the four side walls, m, n are natural numbers greater than or equal to 1;
  • the upper and lower surface layers of the multi-layer PCB are ground layers, and the two layers spaced apart from each other in the multi-layer PCB are the feed network layers with orthogonal polarizations, and there is a ground layer between the two spaced layers.
  • Each feed network layer has one feed port.
  • Each open quad-ridged waveguide unit is a rectangular open waveguide cavity provided with a ridged portion.
  • each rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.35 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 0.45 ⁇ 0
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum wavelength of the center frequency of the array antenna
  • the ratio of the length of each ridge part to the side length is 0.15 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the ratio of the width to the side length of the part is 0.1 to 0.2.
  • a rectangular frame composed of spaced metallized through holes is arranged at the corresponding position of each rectangular opening waveguide cavity.
  • the rectangular frame has openings around it, and the ratio of the side length of the rectangular frame to the side length ratio of the rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.4 ⁇ 0.7.
  • the multilayer PCB also includes an isolation layer, the isolation layer is arranged below the two feeding network layers, and the isolation layer includes m ⁇ n polarization isolation corresponding to the m ⁇ n open four-ridged waveguide units on the waveguide radiation cavity array gate structure.
  • Each feed port has a stripline-microstrip-coaxial transition structure.
  • Both sides of the stripline of the stripline-microstripline-coaxial transition structure are provided with metallized through holes arranged at intervals.
  • Each feed unit is a stripline feed unit, and each feed unit includes two differential probes.
  • the thickness of the multilayer PCB is 0.2 ⁇ r to 0.4 ⁇ r , and ⁇ r is the medium wavelength of the center frequency of the array antenna in the multilayer PCB.
  • the materials of the waveguide radiation cavity array are aluminum alloy, brass, silver, metal plastic.
  • the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the present application is provided by setting a waveguide radiation cavity array including m ⁇ n open quad-ridged waveguide units, and setting the waveguide radiation cavity array under the waveguide radiation cavity array including m ⁇ n on the waveguide radiation cavity array.
  • Two polarized orthogonal feed network layers of m ⁇ n feed units corresponding to the open quad-ridged waveguide unit realize a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna.
  • the size of the antenna is fully reduced, enabling the antenna to perform two-dimensional large-angle scanning, and the dual-polarization feed of the stacked structure is adopted, which further compresses the size of the array antenna, making the dual-polarization four Ridge-waveguide array antennas can be used in a variety of planar beam scanning scenarios.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding unit in a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of a radiation unit in a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a multilayer PCB of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a multilayer PCB of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a voltage standing wave ratio of a multilayer PCB of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of isolation of two feed ports of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a radiation pattern of two feed ports of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a radiation efficiency diagram of two feed ports of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by this embodiment includes: a waveguide radiation cavity array 1 and a A multilayer printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) 12 disposed under the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 .
  • PCB printed Circuit Board
  • the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 is used as the radiation port of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna.
  • the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 includes m ⁇ n open quad-ridged waveguide units 13, and each open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 is the center of the four sidewalls.
  • m and n are natural numbers greater than or equal to 1. In this embodiment, the description is given by taking that both m and n are 4 as an example.
  • Each open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 is constituted by four sidewalls of the open waveguide cavity respectively provided with raised ridge portions 14 .
  • each slotted waveguide cavity is determined according to the operating frequency band of the dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna, and the size of the ridge portion 14 disposed in each slotted waveguide cavity is determined according to the required size of the slotted four-ridged waveguide unit 13 and the transmission of the waveguide cavity. Pattern matching is determined.
  • the open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 is formed after the four sidewalls of the open waveguide cavity are provided with ridges 14, which increases the cut-off wavelength of the fundamental mode transmitted in the cavity, so that the cross-sectional size of the waveguide port can be sufficiently reduced, thereby reducing dual polarization.
  • the overall size of the quad-ridged waveguide array antenna enables the miniaturized design of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna.
  • the multi-layer PCB 12 is used to feed the waveguide radiation cavity array 11, and the multi-layer PCB 12 includes a multi-layer dielectric plate. By setting metal patterns on each layer of the dielectric plate and pressing the layers of the dielectric plates together, a multi-layer is formed.
  • the upper and lower surface layers of the multi-layer PCB 12 are ground layers, the two layers spaced apart from each other in the multi-layer PCB 12 are respectively polarized orthogonal feeding network layers, and there is a ground layer between the two layers spaced apart from each other.
  • the multilayer PCB 12 includes two feed network layers, and each feed network layer can be any two layers except the upper and lower surface layers in the multilayer PCB 12, as long as there is a ground layer between the two feed network layers. Can.
  • the ground plane between the two feeder network layers is used to isolate the signals of the two feeder network layers.
  • the feed signals of the two feed network layers are mutually orthogonal signals.
  • Each feeding network layer includes m ⁇ n feeding units 15 corresponding to the m ⁇ n opening four-ridged waveguide units 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 .
  • the feeding units 15 on the two feeding network layers are respectively orthogonal structures.
  • Each feeding unit 15 on each feeding network layer corresponds to one opening four-ridged waveguide unit 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 respectively, and each feeding unit 15 is used to feed one opening four-ridged waveguide unit 13 .
  • each open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 has two mutually orthogonal feeding units 15 for feeding, so that the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment realizes dipole chemical feed.
  • each open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 is a rectangular open-ended waveguide cavity provided with a ridge portion, that is, each open quad-ridged waveguide unit is a A rectangle with sides of equal length.
  • the side length of each rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.35 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 0.45 ⁇ 0
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum wavelength of the center frequency of the dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna
  • the length of each ridge portion 14 is equal to
  • the ratio of the side length of the rectangular apertured waveguide cavity is 0.15 ⁇ 0.4
  • the ratio of the width of each ridge portion 14 to the side length of the rectangular apertured waveguide cavity is 0.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • a rectangular shape composed of spaced metallized through holes 21 may be provided on the multilayer PCB 12 at positions corresponding to each rectangular opening waveguide cavity.
  • the frame is provided with openings around the rectangular frame, and the ratio of the side length of the rectangular frame to the side length of the rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.4-0.7.
  • the rectangular frame formed by each metallized through hole 21 corresponds to a rectangular open waveguide cavity, that is, each metallized through hole 21 corresponds to a feed unit 15 .
  • the multi-layer PCB 12 can be made to have good grounding performance, and it can be ensured that each feeding unit 15 has good matching performance with the corresponding open four-ridged waveguide unit 13.
  • an isolation layer can also be arranged in the multilayer PCB 12, and the isolation layer is arranged on the two Below the feeding network layers, the isolation layer includes m ⁇ n polarized isolation grid structures corresponding to the m ⁇ n open four-ridged waveguide units 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 .
  • the polarized isolation barrier structure can separate different polarized waves, so that the reflection distances from the feed network layers of different polarized modes to the ground are equal, and the matching performance of different polarized ports can be consistent.
  • Each feeding network layer has one feeding port, so the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment has two feeding ports 16 and 17, which are respectively connected to the feeding ports 16 and 17. Feeder network connections in each feeder network layer.
  • the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 can adopt any feeding manner, for example, each feeding network layer is actually a stripline structure, so the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 can be stripline feeding ports.
  • the output ends of the feeding ports 16 and 17 can be set as SMA equivalent coaxial connectors.
  • the feed port 16 and feed port 17 need to be converted from stripline to coax.
  • a slot can be provided at the positions of the feed port 16 and the feed port 17 on the multilayer PCB 12, and the slots at the positions of the feed port 16 and the feed port 17 are obtained by removing a part of the multilayer PCB 12 respectively. .
  • the positions of the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 will form a microstrip line structure, so the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 are actually a stripline-microstrip line-same Axis transition transition structure.
  • a stripline-microstrip-coaxial In addition, in order to suppress the high-order mode radiation generated when the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 are arranged in a stripline-microstrip-coaxial transition structure, a stripline-microstrip-coaxial The metallized through holes 22 are arranged at intervals on both sides of the transition structure, and the metallized through holes 22 are evenly arranged on both sides of the stripline-microstrip line-coaxial transition structure, which can greatly reduce radiation loss and improve match performance.
  • the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 and the multilayer PCB 12 can be assembled through the screw holes 18 arranged at the corners, and the screw holes 18 can be arranged at the four corners of the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 and the multilayer PCB 12. Or the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 and the multilayer PCB 12 can also be assembled together in other forms.
  • the thickness of the multilayer PCB 12 is 0.2 ⁇ r ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ r
  • ⁇ r is the medium wavelength of the center frequency of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna in the multilayer PCB 12 .
  • the material of the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 is aluminum alloy, brass, silver, metal plastic, or the material of the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 may also be any other metal material. .
  • a waveguide radiation cavity array including m ⁇ n open quad-ridged waveguide units is set, and under the waveguide radiation cavity array, a waveguide radiation cavity array including m ⁇ n on the waveguide radiation cavity array is arranged.
  • Two polarized orthogonal feed network layers of m ⁇ n feed units corresponding to each open quad-ridged waveguide unit realize a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna.
  • the array fully reduces the size of the antenna, enabling the antenna to perform two-dimensional large-angle scanning, and adopts the dual-polarization feed of the stacked structure, which further compresses the size of the array antenna, making the dual-polarization
  • the quad-ridged waveguide array antenna can be applied to various planar beam scanning scenarios.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding unit in a dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 shows an implementation of the feeding unit in the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application, which includes two mutually orthogonal feeding units 15 .
  • the two mutually polarized and orthogonal feeding units shown in FIG. 2 are respectively located in two different feeding network layers, and each feeding unit 15 is a stripline feeding unit.
  • Each feeding unit 15 includes two differential probes 23 , and the two differential probes 23 of each feeding unit 15 are respectively used to feed differential signals to the corresponding open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 .
  • the feed lengths of the two differential probes 23 of each feed unit 15 are different, and the actual feed length difference between the two is 0.5 ⁇ r , where ⁇ r is the center frequency of the array antenna. Medium wavelength in 12. In this way, the two differential probes 23 of each feeding unit 15 can feed differential signals to the corresponding open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 .
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of a radiating element in the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • a radiation unit in the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna includes an open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 and a corresponding multilayer PCB 12 .
  • the multilayer PCB 12 includes 8 layers, wherein the first layer 31, the second layer 32, the third layer 33, the fourth layer 34, the fifth layer 35, the sixth layer 36, the seventh layer 37, and the eighth layer 38 are respectively 8 layers of the multilayer PCB 12.
  • the first layer 31 , the third layer 33 , the fifth layer 35 , the sixth layer 36 and the eighth layer 38 are ground layers, respectively.
  • the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 are feed network layers with orthogonal polarizations, including feed units 15 orthogonal to each other.
  • the seventh layer 37 is an isolation layer, which includes a polarized isolation barrier structure 39 . It can also be seen from FIG. 3 that the rectangular frame formed by the metallized through holes 21 on the multilayer PCB 12. The reason for this number of layers is that for the probe feed, a suitable distance from the probe to the reflector is required to achieve good matching performance.
  • the differential feeding structure of the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 is realized by a quarter wavelength transmission line structure.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the multilayer PCB of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment.
  • the multilayer PCB 12 as an example of 8 layers
  • the first layer 31, the second layer 32, the third layer 33, the The fourth layer 34, the fifth layer 35, the sixth layer 36, the seventh layer 37, and the eighth layer 38 are respectively 8 layers of the multilayer PCB 12.
  • each layer of the dielectric substrate 40 of the multilayer PCB 12 can be made of a 0.508mm thick Rogers 4350 material, with a 0.09mm thick prepreg Rogers 4450 laminated to the multilayer board 41.
  • Figure 4 shows a total of 7 layers of dielectric substrates and 6 layers of prepreg for lamination.
  • the first 6 layers are single-sided, that is, there are metal patterns only on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate
  • the seventh layer of the dielectric substrate is double-sided, that is, the upper and lower sides of the dielectric substrate have metal patterns.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the multilayer PCB of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows the specific structure of each layer of the multilayer PCB 12 with 8 layers, wherein the double The polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna includes 4 ⁇ 4 radiating elements as an example.
  • the first layer 31, the third layer 32, the fifth layer 35, the sixth layer 36 and the eighth layer 38 are ground layers, respectively, and matching openings are provided at the positions corresponding to the four-ridged waveguide units.
  • the first layer 31 , the third layer 33 , the fifth layer 35 , the sixth layer 36 and the eighth layer 38 are all grounded except for the openings.
  • the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 are respectively provided with 4 ⁇ 4 radiating elements 15, the radiation elements 15 of the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 are connected together, and the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 have feeder elements 15 respectively.
  • Electrical port 16 and feed port 17 are respectively provided on the seventh layer 37 at positions corresponding to the open four-ridged waveguide units.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the voltage standing wave ratio of the multilayer PCB of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment.
  • the operating frequency of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna is 10.7 GHz-12.75
  • the design is performed in GHz, and the curves 61 and 62 are the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) curves of the two feed ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna respectively. It can be seen from the figure that in this frequency band , the voltage standing wave ratios of the two feed ports are both less than 2, which meets the requirements of broadband array antennas.
  • VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the isolation degree of the two feeding ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment. Since an isolation layer is set in the multilayer PCB, the two feeding network layers have good polarization Isolation performance.
  • Curve 71 is a schematic diagram of the transmission performance of the two feed ports. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation of the two feed ports is greater than 25dB in the entire frequency band.
  • FIG. 8 is a radiation pattern of two feed ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment.
  • Curve 81 to curve 84 are the 0-degree and 90-degree radiation patterns of the two feed ports, respectively.
  • Curves 81 and 82 are the 0-degree and 90-degree radiation patterns of one feed port, respectively, and curves 83 and 84 are the 0-degree and 90-degree radiation patterns of the other feed port, respectively. That is, the radiation patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane of the dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna. It can be seen from the figure that the two radiation ports show good consistency.
  • FIG. 9 is a radiation efficiency diagram of the two feed ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment, wherein the curve 91 and the curve 92 are the radiation efficiency curves of the two feed ports respectively, and it can be seen from the figure It can be seen that both feed ports can have better radiation efficiency, which is far greater than that of ordinary dual-polarized microstrip array antennas.

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Abstract

Disclosed by the present application is a dual-polarized four-ridge waveguide array antenna, comprising: a waveguide radiating cavity array and a multilayer PCB arranged below the waveguide radiating cavity array; the waveguide radiating cavity array comprises m × n open four-ridged waveguide units, each open four-ridge waveguide unit being an open waveguide cavity provided with a ridge-shaped part in the middle of each of the four side walls, m and n being natural numbers greater than or equal to 1; the upper and lower surface layers of the multilayer PCB are grounding layers, two layers of the multilayer PCB spaced apart from each other are polarized orthogonal feed network layers, respectively, a grounding layer is provided between the two layers spaced apart from each other, and each feed network layer comprises m × n feeder cells corresponding to the m × n open four-ridge waveguide units of the waveguide radiating cavity array; each feed network layer has one feed port.

Description

双极化四脊波导阵列天线Dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna 技术领域technical field
本申请涉及天线技术，例如涉及一种双极化四脊波导阵列天线。The present application relates to antenna technology, for example, to a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna.
背景技术Background technique
双极化阵列天线广泛应用于各种微波***，例如合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)成像***和卫星通信***。由于微带阵列天线设计灵活，制造工艺简单，易于进行共形设计等优势，因此双极化微带阵列天线是一种最常见的双极化阵列天线形式。Dual-polarized array antennas are widely used in various microwave systems, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging systems and satellite communication systems. Due to the advantages of flexible design, simple manufacturing process, and easy conformal design of microstrip array antennas, dual-polarized microstrip array antennas are the most common form of dual-polarized array antennas.
但微带阵列天线的主要缺陷在于它们存在表面波损耗，导致难以进一步提高辐射效率。同时，微带馈线网络的寄生辐射效应也会恶化天线的辐射性能。为了进一步提高微带天线阵列的增益，提出了背腔加载的微带阵列天线，但是由于背腔往往具有较高的品质因数，导致加载背腔后的天线往往只能有较窄的带宽。而为了提高带宽提出的多层耦合馈电结构则会导致馈电效率的进一步降低。But the main drawback of microstrip array antennas is that they have surface wave loss, which makes it difficult to further improve the radiation efficiency. At the same time, the parasitic radiation effect of the microstrip feeder network will also deteriorate the radiation performance of the antenna. In order to further improve the gain of the microstrip antenna array, a cavity-loaded microstrip array antenna is proposed. However, since the cavity-back usually has a high quality factor, the cavity-loaded antenna often only has a narrow bandwidth. In order to improve the bandwidth, the proposed multi-layer coupling feeding structure will further reduce the feeding efficiency.
为了提高阵列天线的辐射效率，需要考虑抑制以下三类损耗：1、抑制馈线辐射损耗，2、抑制表面波损耗，3、抑制介质损耗。基于上述考量，业界提出了全金属的波导馈电双极化阵列天线，通过引入空气填充的金属腔和金属馈电网络，与传统微带阵列天线相比，可以实现更高的效率和更宽的带宽。但是全金属结构质量重体积大，较难在实际***中使用。In order to improve the radiation efficiency of the array antenna, it is necessary to consider the suppression of the following three types of losses: 1. Suppression of feeder radiation loss, 2. Suppression of surface wave loss, and 3. Suppression of dielectric loss. Based on the above considerations, the industry has proposed an all-metal waveguide-fed dual-polarized array antenna. By introducing an air-filled metal cavity and a metal-fed network, higher efficiency and wider bandwidth can be achieved than traditional microstrip array antennas. bandwidth. However, the all-metal structure is heavy and bulky, making it difficult to use in practical systems.
随着第五代移动通信(5th Generation，5G)通信和卫星通信的发展，对阵列天线的需求越来越多，尤其是宽频段大角度的平面波束扫描阵列天线，目前的双极化阵列天线难以满足使用需求。With the development of the fifth generation mobile communication (5th Generation, 5G) communication and satellite communication, the demand for array antennas is increasing, especially the wide-band and large-angle planar beam scanning array antennas, the current dual-polarized array antennas Difficult to meet usage requirements.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本申请提供一种双极化四脊波导阵列天线，压缩了阵列天线的尺寸，使得双极化四脊波导阵列天线能够应用于多种平面波束扫描场景中。The present application provides a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna, which compresses the size of the array antenna, so that the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna can be applied to various plane beam scanning scenarios.
本申请提供一种双极化四脊波导阵列天线，包括：The present application provides a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna, including:
波导辐射腔阵列和设置于波导辐射腔阵列下方的多层PCB；A waveguide radiation cavity array and a multilayer PCB arranged under the waveguide radiation cavity array;
波导辐射腔阵列包括m×n个开口四脊波导单元，每个开口四脊波导单元为 四个侧壁中间分别设置有脊形部分的开口波导腔，m、n为大于或等于1的自然数；The waveguide radiation cavity array includes m×n open four-ridged waveguide units, each open four-ridged waveguide unit is an open-ended waveguide cavity with a ridged part in the middle of the four side walls, m, n are natural numbers greater than or equal to 1;
多层PCB的上下表面层为接地层，多层PCB内相互间隔的两层分别为极化正交的馈电网络层，相互间隔的两层之间具有接地层，每个馈电网络层上包括与波导辐射腔阵列上m×n个开口四脊波导单元对应的m×n个馈电单元；The upper and lower surface layers of the multi-layer PCB are ground layers, and the two layers spaced apart from each other in the multi-layer PCB are the feed network layers with orthogonal polarizations, and there is a ground layer between the two spaced layers. including m×n feeding units corresponding to the m×n opening four-ridged waveguide units on the waveguide radiation cavity array;
每个馈电网络层具有一个馈电端口。Each feed network layer has one feed port.
每个开口四脊波导单元为设置有脊形部分的矩形开口波导腔。Each open quad-ridged waveguide unit is a rectangular open waveguide cavity provided with a ridged portion.
每个矩形开口波导腔的边长为0.35λ 0～0.45λ 0，λ 0为阵列天线中心频率的真空波长，每个脊形部分的长度与边长的比值为0.15～0.4，每个脊形部分的宽度与边长的比值为0.1～0.2。 The side length of each rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.35λ 0 ～ 0.45λ 0 , λ 0 is the vacuum wavelength of the center frequency of the array antenna, and the ratio of the length of each ridge part to the side length is 0.15～0.4. The ratio of the width to the side length of the part is 0.1 to 0.2.
多层PCB上在每个矩形开口波导腔对应的位置设置有由间隔的金属化通孔组成的矩形框，矩形框四周具有开口，矩形框的边长与矩形开口波导腔的边长比为0.4～0.7。On the multilayer PCB, a rectangular frame composed of spaced metallized through holes is arranged at the corresponding position of each rectangular opening waveguide cavity. The rectangular frame has openings around it, and the ratio of the side length of the rectangular frame to the side length ratio of the rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.4 ~0.7.
多层PCB内还包括隔离层，隔离层设置于两个馈电网络层的下方，隔离层上包括与波导辐射腔阵列上m×n个开口四脊波导单元对应的m×n个极化隔离栅结构。The multilayer PCB also includes an isolation layer, the isolation layer is arranged below the two feeding network layers, and the isolation layer includes m×n polarization isolation corresponding to the m×n open four-ridged waveguide units on the waveguide radiation cavity array gate structure.
每个馈电端口具有带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构。Each feed port has a stripline-microstrip-coaxial transition structure.
带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构的带状线两侧具有间隔设置的金属化通孔。Both sides of the stripline of the stripline-microstripline-coaxial transition structure are provided with metallized through holes arranged at intervals.
每个馈电单元为带状线馈电单元，每个馈电单元包括两个差分探针。Each feed unit is a stripline feed unit, and each feed unit includes two differential probes.
多层PCB的厚度为0.2λ r～0.4λ r，λ r为阵列天线中心频率在多层PCB中的介质波长。 The thickness of the multilayer PCB is 0.2λ r to 0.4λ r , and λ r is the medium wavelength of the center frequency of the array antenna in the multilayer PCB.
波导辐射腔阵列的材料为铝合金、黄铜、银、金属塑料。The materials of the waveguide radiation cavity array are aluminum alloy, brass, silver, metal plastic.
本申请提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，通过设置包括m×n个开口四脊波导单元的波导辐射腔阵列，并在波导辐射腔阵列下设置包括与波导辐射腔阵列上m×n个开口四脊波导单元对应的m×n个馈电单元的两个极化正交的馈电网络层，实现了双极化四脊波导阵列天线，由于采用了四脊波导单元组成的波导辐射阵列作为阵列天线的辐射口，充分降低了天线的尺寸，使得天线能够进行二维大角度扫描，且采用了层叠结构的双极化馈电，进一步地压缩了阵列天线的尺寸，使得双极化四脊波导阵列天线能够应用于多种平面波束扫描场景中。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the present application is provided by setting a waveguide radiation cavity array including m×n open quad-ridged waveguide units, and setting the waveguide radiation cavity array under the waveguide radiation cavity array including m×n on the waveguide radiation cavity array. Two polarized orthogonal feed network layers of m×n feed units corresponding to the open quad-ridged waveguide unit realize a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna. Since a waveguide radiation array composed of quad-ridged waveguide units is used As the radiation port of the array antenna, the size of the antenna is fully reduced, enabling the antenna to perform two-dimensional large-angle scanning, and the dual-polarization feed of the stacked structure is adopted, which further compresses the size of the array antenna, making the dual-polarization four Ridge-waveguide array antennas can be used in a variety of planar beam scanning scenarios.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种双极化四脊波导阵列天线的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线中馈电单元的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding unit in a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线中一个辐射单元的结构***图；3 is an exploded view of the structure of a radiation unit in a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的多层PCB的侧视图；4 is a side view of a multilayer PCB of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的多层PCB的分解示意图；5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a multilayer PCB of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的多层PCB的电压驻波比示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of a voltage standing wave ratio of a multilayer PCB of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的两个馈电端口的隔离度示意图；7 is a schematic diagram of isolation of two feed ports of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图8为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的两个馈电端口的辐射方向图；FIG. 8 is a radiation pattern of two feed ports of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图9为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的两个馈电端口的辐射效率图。FIG. 9 is a radiation efficiency diagram of two feed ports of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种双极化四脊波导阵列天线的结构示意图，如图1所示，本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线包括：波导辐射腔阵列1和设置于波导辐射腔阵列11下方的多层印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)12。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1 , the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by this embodiment includes: a waveguide radiation cavity array 1 and a A multilayer printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) 12 disposed under the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 .
波导辐射腔阵列11作为双极化四脊波导阵列天线的辐射口，波导辐射腔阵列11包括m×n个开口四脊波导单元13，每个开口四脊波导单元13为四个侧壁中间分别设置有脊形部分14的开口波导腔，m、n为大于或等于1的自然数。在本实施例中，以m和n均为4为例进行说明。每个开口四脊波导单元13是由开口波导腔的四个侧壁分别设置凸起的脊形部分14构成的。每个开口波导腔的尺寸根据双极化四脊波导阵列天线的工作频段确定，设置于每个开口波导腔内的脊形部分14的尺寸根据开口四脊波导单元13所需尺寸和波导腔传输模式的匹配确定。在开口波导腔的四个侧壁设置脊形部分14后形成的开口四脊波导单元13，提高了腔内传输的基模截止波长，因此可以充分降低波导口截面尺寸， 从而可以降低双极化四脊波导阵列天线的整体尺寸，能够使得双极化四脊波导阵列天线实现小型化的设计。The waveguide radiation cavity array 11 is used as the radiation port of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna. The waveguide radiation cavity array 11 includes m×n open quad-ridged waveguide units 13, and each open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 is the center of the four sidewalls. In the open waveguide cavity provided with the ridge portion 14, m and n are natural numbers greater than or equal to 1. In this embodiment, the description is given by taking that both m and n are 4 as an example. Each open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 is constituted by four sidewalls of the open waveguide cavity respectively provided with raised ridge portions 14 . The size of each slotted waveguide cavity is determined according to the operating frequency band of the dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna, and the size of the ridge portion 14 disposed in each slotted waveguide cavity is determined according to the required size of the slotted four-ridged waveguide unit 13 and the transmission of the waveguide cavity. Pattern matching is determined. The open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 is formed after the four sidewalls of the open waveguide cavity are provided with ridges 14, which increases the cut-off wavelength of the fundamental mode transmitted in the cavity, so that the cross-sectional size of the waveguide port can be sufficiently reduced, thereby reducing dual polarization. The overall size of the quad-ridged waveguide array antenna enables the miniaturized design of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna.
多层PCB 12用于对波导辐射腔阵列11进行馈电，多层PCB 12包括多层介质板，通过在各层介质板上设置金属图案并将各层介质板压合在一起，形成多层PCB 12。多层PCB 12的上下表面层为接地层，多层PCB 12内相互间隔的两层分别为极化正交的馈电网络层，相互间隔的两层之间具有接地层。多层PCB 12中包括两个馈电网络层，每个馈电网络层可以为多层PCB 12中除上下表面层以外的任意两层，只要两个馈电网络层之间具有一个接地层即可。两个馈电网络层之间的接地层用于隔离两个馈电网络层的信号。两个馈电网络层的馈电信号为相互正交的信号。The multi-layer PCB 12 is used to feed the waveguide radiation cavity array 11, and the multi-layer PCB 12 includes a multi-layer dielectric plate. By setting metal patterns on each layer of the dielectric plate and pressing the layers of the dielectric plates together, a multi-layer is formed. PCB 12. The upper and lower surface layers of the multi-layer PCB 12 are ground layers, the two layers spaced apart from each other in the multi-layer PCB 12 are respectively polarized orthogonal feeding network layers, and there is a ground layer between the two layers spaced apart from each other. The multilayer PCB 12 includes two feed network layers, and each feed network layer can be any two layers except the upper and lower surface layers in the multilayer PCB 12, as long as there is a ground layer between the two feed network layers. Can. The ground plane between the two feeder network layers is used to isolate the signals of the two feeder network layers. The feed signals of the two feed network layers are mutually orthogonal signals.
每个馈电网络层上包括与波导辐射腔阵列11上m×n个开口四脊波导单元13对应的m×n个馈电单元15。两个馈电网络层上的馈电单元15分别为正交的结构。每个馈电网络层上的各馈电单元15分别与波导辐射腔阵列11上的一个开口四脊波导单元13对应，每个馈电单元15用于为一个开口四脊波导单元13进行馈电。那么波导辐射腔阵列11上的每个开口四脊波导单元13就具有两个相互正交的馈电单元15进行馈电，从而为本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线实现双极化馈电。Each feeding network layer includes m×n feeding units 15 corresponding to the m×n opening four-ridged waveguide units 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 . The feeding units 15 on the two feeding network layers are respectively orthogonal structures. Each feeding unit 15 on each feeding network layer corresponds to one opening four-ridged waveguide unit 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 respectively, and each feeding unit 15 is used to feed one opening four-ridged waveguide unit 13 . Then, each open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 has two mutually orthogonal feeding units 15 for feeding, so that the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment realizes dipole chemical feed.
可选的，本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线中，每个开口四脊波导单元13为设置有脊形部分的矩形开口波导腔，也就是每个开口四脊波导单元均为矩形，四周的边长相等。在一实施例中，每个矩形开口波导腔的边长为0.35λ 0～0.45λ 0，λ 0为双极化四脊波导阵列天线中心频率的真空波长，每个脊形部分14的长度与矩形开口波导腔的边长的比值为0.15～0.4，每个脊形部分14的宽度与矩形开口波导腔的边长的比值为0.1～0.2。 Optionally, in the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment, each open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 is a rectangular open-ended waveguide cavity provided with a ridge portion, that is, each open quad-ridged waveguide unit is a A rectangle with sides of equal length. In an embodiment, the side length of each rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.35λ 0 ˜0.45λ 0 , λ 0 is the vacuum wavelength of the center frequency of the dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna, and the length of each ridge portion 14 is equal to The ratio of the side length of the rectangular apertured waveguide cavity is 0.15˜0.4, and the ratio of the width of each ridge portion 14 to the side length of the rectangular apertured waveguide cavity is 0.1˜0.2.
另外，为了在多层PCB 12上实现与波导辐射腔阵列11的模式匹配，可以在多层PCB 12上在每个矩形开口波导腔对应的位置设置有由间隔的金属化通孔21组成的矩形框，矩形框四周具有开口，矩形框的边长与矩形开口波导腔的边长比为0.4～0.7。每个金属化通孔21组成的矩形框与一个矩形开口波导腔对应，那么也就是每个金属化通孔21与一个馈电单元15对应。在设置了由金属化通孔21组成的矩形框后，能够使得多层PCB 12具有良好的接地性能，且可以确保每个馈电单元15与对应的开口四脊波导单元13匹配性能良好。In addition, in order to achieve mode matching with the waveguide radiating cavity array 11 on the multilayer PCB 12, a rectangular shape composed of spaced metallized through holes 21 may be provided on the multilayer PCB 12 at positions corresponding to each rectangular opening waveguide cavity. The frame is provided with openings around the rectangular frame, and the ratio of the side length of the rectangular frame to the side length of the rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.4-0.7. The rectangular frame formed by each metallized through hole 21 corresponds to a rectangular open waveguide cavity, that is, each metallized through hole 21 corresponds to a feed unit 15 . After the rectangular frame composed of metallized through holes 21 is provided, the multi-layer PCB 12 can be made to have good grounding performance, and it can be ensured that each feeding unit 15 has good matching performance with the corresponding open four-ridged waveguide unit 13.
另外，由于两个馈电网络层与波导辐射腔阵列的距离不同，为了进一步提高多层PCB 12与波导辐射腔阵列的匹配，在多层PCB 12中还可以设置隔离层，隔离层设置于两个馈电网络层的下方，隔离层上包括与波导辐射腔阵列11上m×n个开口四脊波导单元13对应的m×n个极化隔离栅结构。极化隔离栅结构 可以分离不同极化波，从而使得不同极化方式的馈电网络层对地的反射距离相等，不同极化端口可以取得匹配性能的一致性。In addition, since the distances between the two feeding network layers and the waveguide radiating cavity array are different, in order to further improve the matching between the multilayer PCB 12 and the waveguide radiating cavity array, an isolation layer can also be arranged in the multilayer PCB 12, and the isolation layer is arranged on the two Below the feeding network layers, the isolation layer includes m×n polarized isolation grid structures corresponding to the m×n open four-ridged waveguide units 13 on the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 . The polarized isolation barrier structure can separate different polarized waves, so that the reflection distances from the feed network layers of different polarized modes to the ground are equal, and the matching performance of different polarized ports can be consistent.
每个馈电网络层具有一个馈电端口，因此本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线具有两个馈电端口16和馈电端口17，馈电端口16和馈电端口17分别与每个馈电网络层中的馈电网络连接。Each feeding network layer has one feeding port, so the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment has two feeding ports 16 and 17, which are respectively connected to the feeding ports 16 and 17. Feeder network connections in each feeder network layer.
馈电端口16和馈电端口17可以采用任一种馈电方式，例如各馈电网络层实际为带状线结构，因此馈电端口16和馈电端口17可以为带状线馈电端口。但考虑到各种设备的馈电端口以SMA等同轴线接头为主，因此可以将馈电端口16和馈电端口17的输出端设置为SMA等同轴线接头。那么馈电端口16和馈电端口17就需要进行带状线-同轴线转换。为了便于进行连接，可以在多层PCB 12上馈电端口16和馈电端口17的位置设置开槽，馈电端口16和馈电端口17的位置的开槽分别通过去除一部分多层PCB 12得到。而在去除一部分多层PCB 12之后，馈电端口16和馈电端口17的位置会形成一段微带线结构，因此馈电端口16和馈电端口17实际为带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构。The feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 can adopt any feeding manner, for example, each feeding network layer is actually a stripline structure, so the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 can be stripline feeding ports. However, considering that the feeding ports of various devices are mainly SMA equivalent coaxial connectors, the output ends of the feeding ports 16 and 17 can be set as SMA equivalent coaxial connectors. Then the feed port 16 and feed port 17 need to be converted from stripline to coax. In order to facilitate the connection, a slot can be provided at the positions of the feed port 16 and the feed port 17 on the multilayer PCB 12, and the slots at the positions of the feed port 16 and the feed port 17 are obtained by removing a part of the multilayer PCB 12 respectively. . After removing a part of the multi-layer PCB 12, the positions of the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 will form a microstrip line structure, so the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 are actually a stripline-microstrip line-same Axis transition transition structure.
另外，为了抑制馈电端口16和馈电端口17设置为带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构时产生的高次模辐射，可以在带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构两侧设置间隔的金属化通孔22，金属化通孔22平行于带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构的两侧均匀设置，可以大幅度减小辐射损耗并且改善匹配性能。In addition, in order to suppress the high-order mode radiation generated when the feeding port 16 and the feeding port 17 are arranged in a stripline-microstrip-coaxial transition structure, a stripline-microstrip-coaxial The metallized through holes 22 are arranged at intervals on both sides of the transition structure, and the metallized through holes 22 are evenly arranged on both sides of the stripline-microstrip line-coaxial transition structure, which can greatly reduce radiation loss and improve match performance.
其中，波导辐射腔阵列11和多层PCB 12可以通过设置于角落的螺钉孔18进行装配，螺钉孔18可以设置于波导辐射腔阵列11和多层PCB 12的四个角落。或者波导辐射腔阵列11和多层PCB 12还可以通过其他形式装配在一起。Wherein, the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 and the multilayer PCB 12 can be assembled through the screw holes 18 arranged at the corners, and the screw holes 18 can be arranged at the four corners of the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 and the multilayer PCB 12. Or the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 and the multilayer PCB 12 can also be assembled together in other forms.
在一实施例中，多层PCB 12的厚度为0.2λ r～0.4λ r，λ r为双极化四脊波导阵列天线中心频率在多层PCB 12中的介质波长。 In one embodiment, the thickness of the multilayer PCB 12 is 0.2λ r ˜0.4λ r , and λ r is the medium wavelength of the center frequency of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna in the multilayer PCB 12 .
在一实施例中，波导辐射腔阵列11的材料为铝合金、黄铜、银、金属塑料，或者波导辐射腔阵列11的材料还可以为任一种其他的金属材料。。In one embodiment, the material of the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 is aluminum alloy, brass, silver, metal plastic, or the material of the waveguide radiation cavity array 11 may also be any other metal material. .
本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，通过设置包括m×n个开口四脊波导单元的波导辐射腔阵列，并在波导辐射腔阵列下设置包括与波导辐射腔阵列上m×n个开口四脊波导单元对应的m×n个馈电单元的两个极化正交的馈电网络层，实现了双极化四脊波导阵列天线，由于采用了四脊波导单元组成的波导辐射阵列作为阵列天线的辐射口，充分降低了天线的尺寸，使得天线能够进行二维大角度扫描，且采用了层叠结构的双极化馈电，进一步地压缩了阵列天线的尺寸，使得双极化四脊波导阵列天线能够应用于多种平面波束扫描场景中。In the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment, a waveguide radiation cavity array including m×n open quad-ridged waveguide units is set, and under the waveguide radiation cavity array, a waveguide radiation cavity array including m×n on the waveguide radiation cavity array is arranged. Two polarized orthogonal feed network layers of m×n feed units corresponding to each open quad-ridged waveguide unit realize a dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna. As the radiation port of the array antenna, the array fully reduces the size of the antenna, enabling the antenna to perform two-dimensional large-angle scanning, and adopts the dual-polarization feed of the stacked structure, which further compresses the size of the array antenna, making the dual-polarization The quad-ridged waveguide array antenna can be applied to various planar beam scanning scenarios.
图2为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线中馈电单元的结构示 意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding unit in a dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
图2中示出本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线中馈电单元的一种实现方式，其中包括两个相互正交的馈电单元15。图2中示出的两个相互极化正交的馈电单元分别位于两个不同的馈电网络层，每个馈电单元15为带状线馈电单元。FIG. 2 shows an implementation of the feeding unit in the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application, which includes two mutually orthogonal feeding units 15 . The two mutually polarized and orthogonal feeding units shown in FIG. 2 are respectively located in two different feeding network layers, and each feeding unit 15 is a stripline feeding unit.
每个馈电单元15包括两个差分探针23，每个馈电单元15的两个差分探针23分别用于向对应的开口四脊波导单元13馈入差分信号。从图中可以看出，每个馈电单元15的两个差分探针23的馈电长度不同，两者实际的馈电长度差距为0.5λ r，λ r为阵列天线中心频率在多层PCB 12中的介质波长。这样可以使得每个馈电单元15的两个差分探针23能够向对应的开口四脊波导单元13馈入差分信号。 Each feeding unit 15 includes two differential probes 23 , and the two differential probes 23 of each feeding unit 15 are respectively used to feed differential signals to the corresponding open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 . As can be seen from the figure, the feed lengths of the two differential probes 23 of each feed unit 15 are different, and the actual feed length difference between the two is 0.5λ r , where λ r is the center frequency of the array antenna. Medium wavelength in 12. In this way, the two differential probes 23 of each feeding unit 15 can feed differential signals to the corresponding open four-ridged waveguide unit 13 .
下面以多层PCB 12为8层PCB为例，对本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线进行进一步详细说明。图3为本申请实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线中一个辐射单元的结构***图。Taking the multilayer PCB 12 as an 8-layer PCB as an example below, the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application will be further described in detail. FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of a radiating element in the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
如图3所示，双极化四脊波导阵列天线中一个辐射单元包括一个开口四脊波导单元13和对应的多层PCB 12。多层PCB 12包括8层，其中第一层31、第二层32、第三层33、第四层34、第五层35、第六层36、第七层37、第八层38分别为多层PCB 12的8层。第一层31、第三层33、第五层35、第六层36和第八层38分别为接地层。第二层32和第四层34为极化正交的馈电网络层，包括相互正交的馈电单元15。第七层37为隔离层，其中包括极化隔离栅结构39。从图3中还可以看出多层PCB 12上由金属化通孔21组成的矩形框。采用如此多层数的原因在于，对于探针馈电而言，探针到反射面需要一个合适的距离才能实现良好的匹配性能。第二层32和第四层34的差分馈电结构是由一段四分之一波长的传输线结构实现的。As shown in FIG. 3 , a radiation unit in the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna includes an open quad-ridged waveguide unit 13 and a corresponding multilayer PCB 12 . The multilayer PCB 12 includes 8 layers, wherein the first layer 31, the second layer 32, the third layer 33, the fourth layer 34, the fifth layer 35, the sixth layer 36, the seventh layer 37, and the eighth layer 38 are respectively 8 layers of the multilayer PCB 12. The first layer 31 , the third layer 33 , the fifth layer 35 , the sixth layer 36 and the eighth layer 38 are ground layers, respectively. The second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 are feed network layers with orthogonal polarizations, including feed units 15 orthogonal to each other. The seventh layer 37 is an isolation layer, which includes a polarized isolation barrier structure 39 . It can also be seen from FIG. 3 that the rectangular frame formed by the metallized through holes 21 on the multilayer PCB 12. The reason for this number of layers is that for the probe feed, a suitable distance from the probe to the reflector is required to achieve good matching performance. The differential feeding structure of the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 is realized by a quarter wavelength transmission line structure.
图4为本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的多层PCB的侧视图，以多层PCB 12为8层为例，第一层31、第二层32、第三层33、第四层34、第五层35、第六层36、第七层37、第八层38分别为多层PCB 12的8层。在一实施例中，多层PCB 12的每层介质基板40可以采用0.508mm厚的Rogers 4350材质，其中夹有0.09mm厚的半固化片Rogers 4450压合多层板41。图4中共示出7层介质基板和6层半固化片进行压合。其中前6层均为单面板，即仅在介质基板上表面有金属图案，第7层介质基板为双面板，即介质基板上下两面均有金属图案。FIG. 4 is a side view of the multilayer PCB of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment. Taking the multilayer PCB 12 as an example of 8 layers, the first layer 31, the second layer 32, the third layer 33, the The fourth layer 34, the fifth layer 35, the sixth layer 36, the seventh layer 37, and the eighth layer 38 are respectively 8 layers of the multilayer PCB 12. In one embodiment, each layer of the dielectric substrate 40 of the multilayer PCB 12 can be made of a 0.508mm thick Rogers 4350 material, with a 0.09mm thick prepreg Rogers 4450 laminated to the multilayer board 41. Figure 4 shows a total of 7 layers of dielectric substrates and 6 layers of prepreg for lamination. The first 6 layers are single-sided, that is, there are metal patterns only on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the seventh layer of the dielectric substrate is double-sided, that is, the upper and lower sides of the dielectric substrate have metal patterns.
图5为本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的多层PCB的分解示意图，图5中示出了层数为8层的多层PCB 12的每层的具体结构，其中以双极化四脊 波导阵列天线包括4×4个辐射单元为例。如图5，第一层31、第三层32、第五层35、第六层36和第八层38分别为接地层，分别在对应开口四脊波导单元的位置设置有匹配的开孔，第一层31、第三层33、第五层35、第六层36和第八层38除开孔外的其他部分均接地。第二层32和第四层34分别设置有4×4个辐射单元15，第二层32和第四层34的各辐射单元15连接在一起，第二层32和第四层34分别具有馈电端口16和馈电端口17。第七层37分别在对应开口四脊波导单元的位置设置有对应的极化隔离栅结构39。FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the multilayer PCB of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided by the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows the specific structure of each layer of the multilayer PCB 12 with 8 layers, wherein the double The polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna includes 4×4 radiating elements as an example. As shown in FIG. 5, the first layer 31, the third layer 32, the fifth layer 35, the sixth layer 36 and the eighth layer 38 are ground layers, respectively, and matching openings are provided at the positions corresponding to the four-ridged waveguide units. The first layer 31 , the third layer 33 , the fifth layer 35 , the sixth layer 36 and the eighth layer 38 are all grounded except for the openings. The second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 are respectively provided with 4×4 radiating elements 15, the radiation elements 15 of the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 are connected together, and the second layer 32 and the fourth layer 34 have feeder elements 15 respectively. Electrical port 16 and feed port 17 . Corresponding polarization isolation barrier structures 39 are respectively provided on the seventh layer 37 at positions corresponding to the open four-ridged waveguide units.
图6为本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的多层PCB的电压驻波比示意图，如图6所示，以双极化四脊波导阵列天线的工作频率为10.7GHz-12.75GHz进行设计，曲线61和曲线62分别为双极化四脊波导阵列天线两个馈电端口的电压驻波比(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio，VSWR)曲线，从图中可以看出，在该频段内，两个馈电端口的电压驻波比均小于2，满足宽带阵列天线需求。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the voltage standing wave ratio of the multilayer PCB of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6 , the operating frequency of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna is 10.7 GHz-12.75 The design is performed in GHz, and the curves 61 and 62 are the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) curves of the two feed ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna respectively. It can be seen from the figure that in this frequency band , the voltage standing wave ratios of the two feed ports are both less than 2, which meets the requirements of broadband array antennas.
图7为本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的两个馈电端口的隔离度示意图，由于在多层PCB中设置了隔离层，使得两个馈电网络层具有良好的极化隔离性能，曲线71为两个馈电端口的传输性能示意图，从图中可以看出，在全频段内两个馈电端口的隔离度均大于25dB。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the isolation degree of the two feeding ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment. Since an isolation layer is set in the multilayer PCB, the two feeding network layers have good polarization Isolation performance. Curve 71 is a schematic diagram of the transmission performance of the two feed ports. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation of the two feed ports is greater than 25dB in the entire frequency band.
图8为本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的两个馈电端口的辐射方向图，曲线81-曲线84分别为两个馈电端口的0度和90度辐射方向图，其中曲线81和曲线82分别为一馈电端口的0度和90度辐射方向图，曲线83和曲线84分别为另一馈电端口的0度和90度辐射方向图。也即双极化四脊波导阵列天线的E面和H面辐射方向图，从图中可以看出，两个辐射端口均显示出了较好的一致性。FIG. 8 is a radiation pattern of two feed ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment. Curve 81 to curve 84 are the 0-degree and 90-degree radiation patterns of the two feed ports, respectively. Curves 81 and 82 are the 0-degree and 90-degree radiation patterns of one feed port, respectively, and curves 83 and 84 are the 0-degree and 90-degree radiation patterns of the other feed port, respectively. That is, the radiation patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane of the dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna. It can be seen from the figure that the two radiation ports show good consistency.
图9为本实施例提供的双极化四脊波导阵列天线的两个馈电端口的辐射效率图，其中曲线91和曲线92分别为两个馈电端口的辐射效率曲线，从图中可以看出，两个馈电端口均能够由较优的辐射效率，远大于普通双极化微带阵列天线的辐射效率FIG. 9 is a radiation efficiency diagram of the two feed ports of the dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna provided in this embodiment, wherein the curve 91 and the curve 92 are the radiation efficiency curves of the two feed ports respectively, and it can be seen from the figure It can be seen that both feed ports can have better radiation efficiency, which is far greater than that of ordinary dual-polarized microstrip array antennas.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双极化四脊波导阵列天线，包括：A dual-polarized four-ridged waveguide array antenna, comprising:
    波导辐射腔阵列和设置于所述波导辐射腔阵列下方的多层印制电路板PCB；a waveguide radiation cavity array and a multilayer printed circuit board PCB arranged below the waveguide radiation cavity array;
    所述波导辐射腔阵列包括m×n个开口四脊波导单元，每个开口四脊波导单元为四个侧壁中间分别设置有脊形部分的开口波导腔，m、n为大于或等于1的自然数；The waveguide radiation cavity array includes m×n open four-ridged waveguide units, each open four-ridged waveguide unit is an open waveguide cavity with a ridged part in the middle of the four side walls, m and n are greater than or equal to 1. Natural number;
    所述多层PCB的上下表面层为接地层，所述多层PCB内相互间隔的两层分别为极化正交的馈电网络层，所述相互间隔的两层之间具有接地层，每个馈电网络层上包括与所述波导辐射腔阵列上m×n个开口四脊波导单元对应的m×n个馈电单元；The upper and lower surface layers of the multi-layer PCB are ground layers, the two layers spaced apart from each other in the multi-layer PCB are respectively polarized orthogonal feeding network layers, and there is a ground layer between the two layers spaced apart from each other. The feed network layers include m×n feed units corresponding to the m×n open four-ridged waveguide units on the waveguide radiation cavity array;
    每个馈电网络层具有一个馈电端口。Each feed network layer has one feed port.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，每个开口四脊波导单元为设置有脊形部分的矩形开口波导腔。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, wherein each open quad-ridged waveguide unit is a rectangular open-ended waveguide cavity provided with a ridge portion.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，每个矩形开口波导腔的边长为0.35λ 0～0.45λ 0，λ 0为所述阵列天线中心频率的真空波长，每个脊形部分的长度与所述边长的比值为0.15～0.4，每个脊形部分的宽度与所述边长的比值为0.1～0.2。 The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the side length of each rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.35λ 0 ˜0.45λ 0 , and λ 0 is the vacuum wavelength of the center frequency of the array antenna, and each The ratio of the length of each ridge portion to the side length is 0.15-0.4, and the ratio of the width of each ridge portion to the side length is 0.1-0.2.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，所述多层PCB上在每个矩形开口波导腔对应的位置设置有由间隔的金属化通孔组成的矩形框，所述矩形框四周具有开口，所述矩形框的边长与所述矩形开口波导腔的边长比为0.4～0.7。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to claim 2, wherein a rectangular frame composed of spaced metallized through holes is provided at a position corresponding to each rectangular opening waveguide cavity on the multilayer PCB, and the The rectangular frame has openings around it, and the ratio of the side length of the rectangular frame to the side length of the rectangular opening waveguide cavity is 0.4-0.7.
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，所述多层PCB内还包括隔离层，所述隔离层设置于两个馈电网络层的下方，所述隔离层上包括与所述波导辐射腔阵列上m×n个开口四脊波导单元对应的m×n个极化隔离栅结构。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the multilayer PCB further comprises an isolation layer, and the isolation layer is arranged below the two feeding network layers, so that the The isolation layer includes m×n polarization isolation grid structures corresponding to the m×n open four-ridged waveguide units on the waveguide radiation cavity array.
  6. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，每个馈电端口具有带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each feed port has a stripline-microstrip-coaxial transition structure.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，所述带状线-微带线-同轴线过渡转换结构的带状线两侧具有间隔设置的金属化通孔。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to claim 6, wherein two sides of the stripline of the stripline-microstripline-coaxial transition structure have metallized through holes arranged at intervals.
  8. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，每个馈电单元为带状线馈电单元，每个馈电单元包括两个差分探针。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each feeding unit is a stripline feeding unit, and each feeding unit includes two differential probes.
  9. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，所述多层PCB的厚度为0.2λ r～0.4λ r，λ r为所述阵列天线中心频率在所述多层PCB中 的介质波长。 The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the multilayer PCB is 0.2λ r to 0.4λ r , and λ r is the center frequency of the array antenna at the The dielectric wavelengths in the multilayer PCB described above.
  10. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的双极化四脊波导阵列天线，其中，所述波导辐射腔阵列的材料为铝合金、黄铜、银、金属塑料。The dual-polarized quad-ridged waveguide array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material of the waveguide radiation cavity array is aluminum alloy, brass, silver, and metal plastic.
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CN116231338A (en) * 2022-12-28 2023-06-06 电子科技大学 Low sidelobe millimeter wave gap waveguide slot array antenna
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CN116130954A (en) * 2023-04-04 2023-05-16 成都迅翼卫通科技有限公司 All-metal dual-polarized feed unit and panel antenna
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