WO2022098156A1 - Procédé et dispositif de protection de la confidentialité de l'utilisateur dans un système de charge sans fil par ble - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de protection de la confidentialité de l'utilisateur dans un système de charge sans fil par ble Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022098156A1
WO2022098156A1 PCT/KR2021/016043 KR2021016043W WO2022098156A1 WO 2022098156 A1 WO2022098156 A1 WO 2022098156A1 KR 2021016043 W KR2021016043 W KR 2021016043W WO 2022098156 A1 WO2022098156 A1 WO 2022098156A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless power
irk
power transmitter
communication
address
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PCT/KR2021/016043
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
박용철
최진구
Original Assignee
엘지전자 주식회사
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Priority to KR1020237015450A priority Critical patent/KR20230098804A/ko
Publication of WO2022098156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022098156A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/088—Usage controlling of secret information, e.g. techniques for restricting cryptographic keys to pre-authorized uses, different access levels, validity of crypto-period, different key- or password length, or different strong and weak cryptographic algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/24—Negotiation of communication capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/80—Wireless
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/50—Secure pairing of devices

Definitions

  • This specification relates to wireless power transmission.
  • the wireless power transmission technology is a technology for wirelessly transferring power between a power source and an electronic device.
  • the wireless power transfer technology enables charging of the battery of a wireless terminal by simply placing a wireless terminal such as a smartphone or tablet on a wireless charging pad, so that it is more efficient than a wired charging environment using a conventional wired charging connector. It can provide excellent mobility, convenience and safety.
  • wireless power transmission technology is used in various fields such as electric vehicles, wearable devices such as Bluetooth earphones and 3D glasses, home appliances, furniture, underground facilities, buildings, medical devices, robots, and leisure. It is attracting attention as it will replace the existing wired power transmission environment.
  • the wireless power transmission method is also referred to as a contactless power transmission method, a no point of contact power transmission method, or a wireless charging method.
  • a wireless power transmission system includes a wireless power transmission device for supplying electrical energy in a wireless power transmission method, and a wireless power reception device for receiving electrical energy wirelessly supplied from the wireless power transmission device and supplying power to a power receiving device such as a battery cell. It may consist of devices.
  • Wireless power transmission technology includes a method of transmitting power through magnetic coupling, a method of transmitting power through radio frequency (RF), a method of transmitting power through microwaves, and ultrasound
  • the magnetic coupling-based method is again classified into a magnetic induction method and a magnetic resonance method.
  • the magnetic induction method is a method of transmitting energy using a current induced in the receiving coil due to the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil battery cell according to electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil.
  • the magnetic resonance method is similar to the magnetic induction method in that it uses a magnetic field. However, in the magnetic resonance method, resonance occurs when a specific resonant frequency is applied to the coil of the transmitting side and the coil of the receiving side. It is different from magnetic induction.
  • an object of the present specification is to provide a technology for improving security between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver.
  • a new IRK is generated and a method and apparatus in which the new IRK is shared between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver can be provided. there is.
  • the PTx since a new IRK key is used for every connection, the PTx cannot track the PRx, and privacy between the connected BLE devices can be guaranteed.
  • the cross-connection issue between the neighboring third BLE in other words, a device other than (PTx and PRx in which the IRK is shared) and the PTx (and/or PRx) can be solved together. there is.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating various electronic devices to which a wireless power transmission system is introduced.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of WPC NDEF in a wireless power transmission system.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which an embodiment according to the present specification can be applied.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example.
  • FIG. 9 is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a power control control method according to an embodiment.
  • 11 is a block diagram of an apparatus for transmitting power wirelessly according to another embodiment.
  • FIG 12 shows an apparatus for receiving wireless power according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a ping step according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a configuration step according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a message field of a configuration packet (CFG) of a wireless power receiver according to an embodiment.
  • 16 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a message field of a capability packet (CAP) of a wireless power transmitter according to an embodiment.
  • CAP capability packet
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a power transmission step according to an embodiment.
  • 19 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol for determining a communication mode to be used in a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 schematically illustrates an example of an advertisement packet and a connection request packet.
  • 21 schematically illustrates an example of a static random device address.
  • FIG. 22 schematically illustrates an example of a resolvable private device address.
  • 24 is a flowchart of a method for performing out-band communication connection according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • 25 is a flowchart of a method of performing out-band communication connection according to another embodiment of the present specification.
  • 26 schematically illustrates an example situation that may be problematic.
  • FIG. 28 is a flowchart of a method of performing out-band communication connection from the viewpoint of a wireless power receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • 29 is a flowchart of a method of performing out-band communication connection from the viewpoint of a wireless power transmitter, according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • a or B (A or B) may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
  • a or B (A or B)” may be interpreted as “A and/or B (A and/or B)”.
  • A, B or C(A, B or C) herein means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any and any combination of A, B and C ( any combination of A, B and C)”.
  • a slash (/) or a comma (comma) used herein may mean “and/or”.
  • A/B may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • A, B, C may mean “A, B, or C”.
  • At least one of A and B may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
  • the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” means “at least one It can be interpreted the same as “at least one of A and B”.
  • At least one of A, B and C means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “A, B and C” Any combination of A, B and C”. Also, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” means may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
  • parentheses used herein may mean “for example”. Specifically, when displayed as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words, “control information” of the present specification is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. Also, even when displayed as “control information (ie, PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.
  • wireless power refers to any form of electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field, etc. transmitted from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver without the use of physical electromagnetic conductors. It is used to mean the energy of Wireless power may also be called a wireless power signal, and may refer to an oscillating magnetic flux enclosed by a primary coil and a secondary coil. Power conversion in a system is described herein for wirelessly charging devices including, for example, mobile phones, cordless phones, iPods, MP3 players, headsets, and the like.
  • a basic principle of wireless power transmission is, for example, a method of transmitting power through magnetic coupling, a method of transmitting power through a radio frequency (RF), and a microwave (microwave) method.
  • RF radio frequency
  • microwave microwave
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to an embodiment.
  • a wireless power system 10 includes a wireless power transmitter 100 and a wireless power receiver 200 .
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 receives power from an external power source S to generate a magnetic field.
  • the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 receives power wirelessly by generating a current using the generated magnetic field.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 may transmit/receive various information required for wireless power transmission.
  • the communication between the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 is in-band communication using a magnetic field used for wireless power transmission or out-band communication using a separate communication carrier.
  • (out-band communication) may be performed according to any one method.
  • Out-band communication may be referred to as out-of-band communication.
  • terms will be unified as out-band communication. Examples of out-band communication may include NFC, Bluetooth (bluetooth), BLE (bluetooth low energy), and the like.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 may be provided as a fixed type or a mobile type.
  • fixed types include embedded in furniture such as ceilings, walls, tables, etc., installed in outdoor parking lots, bus stops, subway stations, etc. There is this.
  • the portable wireless power transmission device 100 may be implemented as a portable device having a movable weight or size, or as a part of another device, such as a cover of a notebook computer.
  • the wireless power receiver 200 should be interpreted as a comprehensive concept including various electronic devices including batteries and various home appliances that are driven by receiving power wirelessly instead of a power cable.
  • Representative examples of the wireless power receiver 200 include a mobile terminal, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable media player (PMP: Portable Media Player), Wibro terminals, tablets, phablets, notebooks, digital cameras, navigation terminals, televisions, electric vehicles (EVs), and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to another embodiment.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 exchange power on a one-to-one basis, but as shown in FIG. 2 , one wireless power transmitter 100 includes a plurality of wireless power receivers. It is also possible to transfer power to (200-1, 200-2,..., 200-M). In particular, when wireless power transmission is performed in a magnetic resonance method, one wireless power transmission device 100 applies a simultaneous transmission method or a time division transmission method to simultaneously multiple wireless power reception devices 200-1, 200-2, ...,200-M) can deliver power.
  • FIG. 1 shows a state in which the wireless power transmitter 100 directly transmits power to the wireless power receiver 200
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 are connected wirelessly.
  • a separate wireless power transmission/reception device such as a relay or repeater for increasing the power transmission distance may be provided.
  • power may be transmitted from the wireless power transmitter 100 to the wireless power transceiver, and the wireless power transceiver may again transmit power to the wireless power receiver 200 .
  • the wireless power receiver, the power receiver, and the receiver referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 .
  • the wireless power transmitter, the power transmitter, and the transmitter referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power receiving and transmitting apparatus 100 .
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating various electronic devices to which a wireless power transmission system is introduced.
  • FIG. 3 shows electronic devices classified according to the amount of power transmitted and received in the wireless power transmission system.
  • wearable devices such as a smart watch, a smart glass, a head mounted display (HMD), and a smart ring and an earphone, a remote control, a smart phone, a PDA, a tablet
  • a low-power (about 5W or less or about 20W or less) wireless charging method may be applied to mobile electronic devices (or portable electronic devices) such as a PC.
  • a medium-power (about 50W or less or about 200W or less) wireless charging method can be applied to small and medium-sized home appliances such as laptop computers, robot cleaners, TVs, sound devices, vacuum cleaners, and monitors.
  • Kitchen appliances such as blenders, microwave ovens, and electric rice cookers, personal mobility devices (or electronic devices/mobilities) such as wheelchairs, electric kickboards, electric bicycles, and electric vehicles, use high power (about 2 kW or less or 22 kW or less)
  • a wireless charging method may be applied.
  • the electronic devices/mobile means described above may each include a wireless power receiver to be described later. Accordingly, the above-described electronic devices/mobile means may be charged by wirelessly receiving power from the wireless power transmitter.
  • Standards for wireless power transmission include a wireless power consortium (WPC), an air fuel alliance (AFA), and a power matters alliance (PMA).
  • WPC wireless power consortium
  • AFA air fuel alliance
  • PMA power matters alliance
  • the WPC standard defines a baseline power profile (BPP) and an extended power profile (EPP).
  • BPP relates to a wireless power transmitter and receiver supporting 5W power transmission
  • EPP relates to a wireless power transmitter and receiver supporting power transmission in a range greater than 5W and less than 30W.
  • the WPC classifies a wireless power transmitter and a receiver into power class (PC) -1, PC0, PC1, and PC2, and provides standard documents for each PC.
  • PC power class
  • the PC-1 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and receiver that provide guaranteed power of less than 5W.
  • Applications of PC-1 include wearable devices such as smart watches.
  • the PC0 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and receiver that provide a guaranteed power of 5W.
  • the PC0 standard includes EPP with guaranteed power up to 30W.
  • in-band (IB) communication is a mandatory communication protocol of PC0
  • out-band (OB) communication used as an optional backup channel may also be used.
  • the wireless power receiver can identify whether OB is supported by setting an OB flag in a configuration packet.
  • the wireless power transmitter supporting the OB may enter the OB handover phase by transmitting a bit-pattern for OB handover as a response to the configuration packet.
  • the response to the configuration packet may be NAK, ND, or a newly defined 8-bit pattern.
  • Applications of PC0 include smartphones.
  • the PC1 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and receiver that provide guaranteed power of 30W to 150W.
  • the OB is an essential communication channel for PC1, and the IB is used for initialization and link establishment to the OB.
  • the wireless power transmitter may enter the OB handover phase by using a bit pattern for OB handover.
  • Applications of PC1 include laptops and power tools.
  • the PC2 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and receiver that provide guaranteed power of 200W to 2kW, and its applications include kitchen appliances.
  • PCs may be distinguished according to the power level, and whether to support the same compatibility between PCs may be optional or mandatory.
  • compatibility between identical PCs means that power transmission and reception are possible between identical PCs.
  • compatibility between different PCs may be supported.
  • compatibility between different PCs means that power transmission/reception is possible even between different PCs.
  • the wireless power transmitter having PC x can charge the wireless power receiver having PC y, it can be seen that compatibility between different PCs is maintained.
  • a wireless power receiver of the lap-top charging method that can stably charge only when power is continuously transmitted is called a wireless power transmitter of the same PC. Even so, there may be a problem in stably receiving power from the wireless power transmitter of the electric tool type that transmits power discontinuously.
  • the wireless power receiver may There is a risk of breakage. As a result, it is difficult for a PC to be an index/standard representing/indicating compatibility.
  • Wireless power transmission and reception devices can provide a very convenient user experience and interface (UX/UI). That is, a smart wireless charging service may be provided.
  • the smart wireless charging service may be implemented based on the UX/UI of a smartphone including a wireless power transmitter.
  • the interface between the smartphone's processor and the wireless charging receiver allows "drop and play" bidirectional communication between the wireless power transmitter and the receiver.
  • a 'profile' will be newly defined as an indicator/standard representing/indicating compatibility. That is, it can be interpreted that compatibility is maintained between wireless power transceivers having the same 'profile' so that stable power transmission and reception is possible, and power transmission and reception is impossible between wireless power transceivers having different 'profiles'.
  • Profiles may be defined according to application and/or compatibility independent of (or independently of) power class.
  • the profile can be broadly divided into three categories: i) mobile and computing, ii) power tools, and iii) kitchen.
  • the profile can be largely divided into i) mobile, ii) electric tool, iii) kitchen, and iv) wearable.
  • PC can be defined as PC0 and/or PC1
  • communication protocol/method is IB and OB
  • operating frequency is 87 ⁇ 205kHz
  • examples of applications include smartphones, laptops, etc.
  • the PC may be defined as PC1
  • the communication protocol/method may be IB
  • the operating frequency may be defined as 87 to 145 kHz
  • an electric tool may exist as an example of the application.
  • the PC may be defined as PC2, the communication protocol/method is NFC-based, and the operating frequency is less than 100 kHz, and examples of the application may include kitchen/home appliances.
  • NFC communication can be used between the wireless power transmitter and the receiver.
  • WPC NDEF NFC Data Exchange Profile Format
  • the wireless power transmitter and the receiver can confirm that they are NFC devices.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of WPC NDEF in a wireless power transmission system.
  • the WPC NDEF is, for example, an application profile field (eg 1B), a version field (eg 1B), and profile specific data (eg 1B).
  • the application profile field indicates whether the device is i) mobile and computing, ii) powered tools, and iii) kitchen, the upper nibble of the version field indicates the major version and the lower nibble (lower nibble) indicates a minor version.
  • Profile-specific data also defines the content for the kitchen.
  • the PC may be defined as PC-1
  • the communication protocol/method may be IB
  • the operating frequency may be defined as 87 to 205 kHz
  • examples of the application may include a wearable device worn on the user's body.
  • Maintaining compatibility between the same profiles may be essential, and maintaining compatibility between different profiles may be optional.
  • profiles may be generalized and expressed as first to nth profiles, and new profiles may be added/replaced according to WPC standards and embodiments.
  • the wireless power transmitter selectively transmits power only to the wireless power receiver having the same profile as itself, thereby enabling more stable power transmission.
  • the burden on the wireless power transmitter is reduced and power transmission to an incompatible wireless power receiver is not attempted, the risk of damage to the wireless power receiver is reduced.
  • PC1 in the 'mobile' profile can be defined by borrowing optional extensions such as OB based on PC0, and in the case of the 'powered tools' profile, the PC1 'mobile' profile can be defined simply as a modified version.
  • OB optional extensions
  • the wireless power transmitter or the wireless power receiver may inform the counterpart of its profile through various methods.
  • the AFA standard refers to the wireless power transmitter as a power transmitting circuit (PTU), and the wireless power receiver as a power receiving circuit (PRU), and the PTU is classified into a number of classes as shown in Table 1, and the PRU is as shown in Table 2 classified into a number of categories.
  • PTU power transmitting circuit
  • PRU power receiving circuit
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.
  • the wireless power transmission system 10 includes a mobile device 450 wirelessly receiving power and a base station 400 wirelessly transmitting power.
  • the base station 400 is a device that provides inductive power or resonant power, and may include at least one wireless power transmitter 100 and a system circuit 405 .
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 may transmit inductive power or resonant power and control the transmission.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 transmits power to an appropriate level and a power conversion circuit 110 that converts electrical energy into a power signal by generating a magnetic field through a primary coil(s)
  • a communication/control circuit 120 for controlling communication and power transfer with the wireless power receiver 200 may be included.
  • the system circuit 405 may perform input power provisioning, control of a plurality of wireless power transmitters, and other operation control of the base station 400 such as user interface control.
  • the primary coil may generate an electromagnetic field using AC power (or voltage or current).
  • the primary coil may receive AC power (or voltage or current) of a specific frequency output from the power conversion circuit 110 and may generate a magnetic field of a specific frequency accordingly.
  • the magnetic field may be generated non-radiatively or radially, and the wireless power receiver 200 receives it and generates a current. In other words, the primary coil transmits power wirelessly.
  • the primary coil and the secondary coil may have any suitable shape, for example, a copper wire wound around a high permeability formation such as ferrite or amorphous metal.
  • the primary coil may be referred to as a transmitting coil, a primary core, a primary winding, a primary loop antenna, or the like.
  • the secondary coil may be called a receiving coil, a secondary core, a secondary winding, a secondary loop antenna, a pickup antenna, etc. .
  • the primary coil and the secondary coil may be provided in the form of a primary resonance antenna and a secondary resonance antenna, respectively.
  • the resonant antenna may have a resonant structure including a coil and a capacitor.
  • the resonant frequency of the resonant antenna is determined by the inductance of the coil and the capacitance of the capacitor.
  • the coil may be formed in the form of a loop.
  • a core may be disposed inside the loop.
  • the core may include a physical core such as a ferrite core or an air core.
  • the resonance phenomenon refers to a phenomenon in which, when a near field corresponding to a resonant frequency is generated in one resonant antenna, when other resonant antennas are located around, both resonant antennas are coupled to each other and high efficiency energy transfer occurs between the resonant antennas. .
  • a magnetic field corresponding to the resonant frequency is generated between the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna, a phenomenon occurs in which the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna resonate with each other.
  • the magnetic field is focused toward the secondary resonant antenna with higher efficiency compared to the case where the magnetic field is radiated into free space, and thus energy can be transferred from the primary resonant antenna to the secondary resonant antenna with high efficiency.
  • the magnetic induction method may be implemented similarly to the magnetic resonance method, but in this case, the frequency of the magnetic field does not need to be the resonant frequency. Instead, in the magnetic induction method, matching between the loops constituting the primary coil and the secondary coil is required, and the distance between the loops must be very close.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 may further include a communication antenna.
  • the communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication.
  • the communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may transmit/receive information to and from the wireless power receiver 200 .
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may include at least one of an IB communication module and an OB communication module.
  • the IB communication module may transmit/receive information using a magnetic wave having a specific frequency as a center frequency.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 performs in-band communication by loading communication information on the operating frequency of wireless power transmission and transmitting it through the primary coil or by receiving the operating frequency containing the information through the primary coil. can do.
  • modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), frequency shift keying (FSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK) and Manchester coding or non-zero return level (NZR) -L: Non-return-to-zero level
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • FSK frequency shift keying
  • ASK amplitude shift keying
  • NZR non-zero return level
  • the OB communication module may perform out-band communication through a communication antenna.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may be provided as a short-range communication module.
  • Examples of the short-distance communication module include communication modules such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may control the overall operation of the wireless power transmitter 100 .
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may perform calculation and processing of various types of information, and may control each component of the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 .
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may be implemented as a computer or a similar device using hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may be provided in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform a control function, and in software, in the form of a program for driving the communication/control circuit 120 in hardware. can be provided.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may control the transmit power by controlling an operating point.
  • the operating point to be controlled may correspond to a combination of frequency (or phase), duty cycle, duty ratio, and voltage amplitude.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may control the transmission power by adjusting at least one of a frequency (or phase), a duty cycle, a duty ratio, and a voltage amplitude.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 may supply constant power
  • the wireless power receiver 200 may control the received power by controlling the resonance frequency.
  • the mobile device 450 receives and stores the power received from the wireless power receiver 200 and the wireless power receiver 200 for receiving wireless power through a secondary coil, and stores the device. Includes a load (load, 455) to supply to.
  • the wireless power receiver 200 may include a power pick-up circuit 210 and a communication/control circuit 220 .
  • the power pickup circuit 210 may receive wireless power through the secondary coil and convert it into electrical energy.
  • the power pickup circuit 210 rectifies the AC signal obtained through the secondary coil and converts it into a DC signal.
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may control transmission and reception of wireless power (power transmission and reception).
  • the secondary coil may receive wireless power transmitted from the wireless power transmitter 100 .
  • the secondary coil may receive power using a magnetic field generated in the primary coil.
  • the specific frequency is the resonance frequency
  • a magnetic resonance phenomenon occurs between the primary coil and the secondary coil, so that power can be transmitted more efficiently.
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may further include a communication antenna.
  • the communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication.
  • the communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may transmit/receive information to and from the wireless power transmitter 100 .
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may include at least one of an IB communication module and an OB communication module.
  • the IB communication module may transmit/receive information using a magnetic wave having a specific frequency as a center frequency.
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may perform IB communication by loading information on a magnetic wave and transmitting it through a secondary coil or by receiving a magnetic wave containing information through a secondary coil.
  • modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), frequency shift keying (FSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK) and Manchester coding or non-zero return level (NZR) -L: Non-return-to-zero level
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • FSK frequency shift keying
  • ASK amplitude shift keying
  • NZR non-zero return level
  • the OB communication module may perform out-band communication through a communication antenna.
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may be provided as a short-range communication module.
  • Examples of the short-distance communication module include communication modules such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may control the overall operation of the wireless power receiver 200 .
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may perform calculation and processing of various types of information, and may control each component of the wireless power receiver 200 .
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may be implemented as a computer or a similar device using hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the communication/control circuit 220 may be provided in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform a control function, and in software, in the form of a program that drives the communication/control circuit 220 in hardware. can be provided.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 and the communication/control circuit 220 are Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE as an OB communication module or a short-range communication module
  • the communication/control circuit 120 and the communication/control circuit 220 are respectively shown in FIG. 6 It can be implemented and operated with the same communication architecture as
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which an embodiment according to the present specification can be applied.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a protocol stack of Bluetooth BR (Basic Rate)/EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) supporting GATT, (b) is Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) An example of a protocol stack is shown.
  • Bluetooth BR Basic Rate
  • EDR Enhanced Data Rate
  • GATT GATT
  • Bluetooth LE Low Energy
  • the Bluetooth BR/EDR protocol stack has an upper controller stack (Controller stack, 460) and a lower one based on the host controller interface (HCI, 18). It may include a host stack (Host Stack, 470).
  • the host stack (or host module) 470 refers to a wireless transceiver module that receives a Bluetooth signal of 2.4 GHz and hardware for transmitting or receiving Bluetooth packets, and the controller stack 460 is connected to the Bluetooth module to configure the Bluetooth module. Control and perform actions.
  • the host stack 470 may include a BR/EDR PHY layer 12 , a BR/EDR baseband layer 14 , and a link manager layer 16 .
  • the BR/EDR PHY layer 12 is a layer for transmitting and receiving a 2.4 GHz radio signal.
  • GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
  • the BR/EDR baseband layer 14 is responsible for transmitting a digital signal, selects a channel sequence hopping 1400 times per second, and transmits a 625us-long time slot for each channel.
  • the link manager layer 16 controls the overall operation (link setup, control, security) of the Bluetooth connection by using LMP (Link Manager Protocol).
  • LMP Link Manager Protocol
  • the link manager layer 16 may perform the following functions.
  • the host controller interface layer 18 provides an interface between the host module and the controller module so that the host provides commands and data to the controller, and allows the controller to provide events and data to the host.
  • the host stack (or host module, 20) includes a logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP, 21), an attribute protocol (Protocol, 22), a generic attribute profile (GATT, 23), a generic access profile (Generic Access) Profile, GAP, 24), and BR/EDR profile (25).
  • L2CAP logical link control and adaptation protocol
  • Protocol 22
  • GATT generic attribute profile
  • GAP Generic Access Profile
  • BR/EDR profile 25.
  • the logical link control and adaptation protocol may provide one bidirectional channel for data transmission to a specific protocol or profile file.
  • the L2CAP 21 may multiplex various protocols, profiles, etc. provided by the Bluetooth upper layer.
  • L2CAP of Bluetooth BR/EDR uses dynamic channels, supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, and streaming mode, and provides segmentation and reassembly, per-channel flow control, and error control.
  • the generic attribute profile GATT 23 may be operable as a protocol that describes how the attribute protocol 22 is used in the configuration of services.
  • the generic attribute profile 23 may be operable to define how ATT attributes are grouped together into services, and may be operable to describe characteristics associated with services.
  • the generic attribute profile 23 and the attribute protocol (ATT) 22 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how they relate to each other and how they are used.
  • the attribute protocol 22 and the BR/EDR profile 25 define a service (profile) using Bluetooth BR/EDR and an application protocol for sending and receiving these data, and the Generic Access Profile , GAP, 24) define device discovery, connectivity, and security levels.
  • the Bluetooth LE protocol stack includes a controller stack 480 operable to process a timing-critical wireless device interface and a host stack operable to process high level data. (Host stack, 490).
  • the controller stack 480 may be implemented using a communication module that may include a Bluetooth radio, for example, a processor module that may include a processing device such as a microprocessor.
  • the host stack 490 may be implemented as part of an OS running on a processor module, or as an instantiation of a package on the OS.
  • controller stack and host stack may operate or run on the same processing device within a processor module.
  • the controller stack 480 includes a physical layer (PHY) 32, a link layer (Link Layer) 34, and a host controller interface (Host Controller Interface, 36).
  • PHY physical layer
  • Link Layer Link Layer
  • Hos Controller Interface 36
  • the physical layer (PHY, radio transmit/receive module, 32) is a layer for transmitting and receiving a 2.4 GHz radio signal, and uses Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation and a frequency hopping technique composed of 40 RF channels.
  • GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
  • the link layer 34 which transmits or receives Bluetooth packets, performs advertising and scanning functions using three advertising channels, and then creates a connection between devices, and a maximum of 257 bytes of data packets through 37 data channels. Provides a function to send and receive
  • the host stack includes Generic Access Profile (GAP, 40), Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP, 41), Security Manager (SM, 42), Attribute Protocol (ATT, 440), and Generic Attribute Profile.
  • GAP Generic Access Profile
  • L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
  • SM Security Manager
  • ATT Attribute Protocol
  • GATT Generic Attribute Profile
  • GATT General Access Profile
  • 25 may include the LT profile (46).
  • the host stack 490 is not limited thereto and may include various protocols and profiles.
  • the host stack uses L2CAP to multiplex various protocols and profiles provided by the Bluetooth upper layer.
  • L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol, 41
  • L2CAP may provide one bidirectional channel for data transmission to a specific protocol or profile.
  • the L2CAP 41 may be operable to multiplex data between higher layer protocols, segment and reassemble packages, and manage multicast data transmission.
  • Bluetooth LE 3 fixed channels (1 for signaling CH, 1 for Security Manager, 1 for Attribute protocol) are basically used. And, if necessary, a dynamic channel may be used.
  • BR/EDR Base Rate/Enhanced Data Rate
  • a dynamic channel is basically used, and protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, streaming mode, etc. are supported.
  • SM Security Manager
  • ATT Attribute Protocol, 43
  • ATT has the following 6 message types (Request, Response, Command, Notification, Indication, Confirmation).
  • the Request message is a message for requesting and delivering specific information from the client device to the server device
  • the Response message is a response message to the Request message, a message that can be used for transmission from the server device to the client device.
  • Command message A message transmitted mainly from the client device to the server device to instruct a command for a specific operation.
  • the server device does not transmit a response to the command message to the client device.
  • Notification message A message sent from the server device to the client device for notification such as an event.
  • the client device does not send a confirmation message for the Notification message to the server device.
  • Indication and Confirm message A message transmitted from the server device to the client device for notification such as an event. Unlike the Notification message, the client device transmits a confirmation message for the Indication message to the server device.
  • the present specification transmits a value for the data length when requesting long data in the GATT profile using the attribute protocol (ATT, 43) so that the client can clearly know the data length, and uses the UUID to obtain a characteristic (Characteristic) from the server value can be sent.
  • ATT attribute protocol
  • the general access profile (GAP, 45) is a newly implemented layer for Bluetooth LE technology, and is used to control role selection and multi-profile operation for communication between Bluetooth LE devices.
  • the general access profile 45 is mainly used for device discovery, connection creation, and security procedures, defines a method for providing information to a user, and defines the types of attributes as follows.
  • the LE profile 46 is mainly applied to Bluetooth LE devices as profiles that depend on GATT.
  • the LE profile 46 may include, for example, Battery, Time, FindMe, Proximity, and Time, and the specific contents of GATT-based Profiles are as follows.
  • the generic attribute profile (GATT) 44 may be operable as a protocol describing how the attribute protocol 43 is used in the configuration of services.
  • the generic attribute profile 44 may be operable to define how ATT attributes are grouped together into services, and may be operable to describe characteristics associated with services.
  • the generic attribute profile 44 and the attribute protocol (ATT) 43 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how they relate to each other and how they are used.
  • the BLE procedure may be divided into a device filtering procedure, an advertising procedure, a scanning procedure, a discovery procedure, a connecting procedure, and the like.
  • the device filtering procedure is a method for reducing the number of devices that respond to requests, instructions, and notifications in the controller stack.
  • the controller stack can reduce the number of requests it transmits, so that power consumption can be reduced in the BLE controller stack.
  • An advertising device or a scanning device may perform the device filtering procedure to restrict devices receiving an advertisement packet, a scan request, or a connection request.
  • the advertisement device refers to a device that transmits an advertisement event, that is, performs advertisement, and is also expressed as an advertiser.
  • the scanning device refers to a device that performs scanning and a device that transmits a scan request.
  • a scanning device when a scanning device receives some advertisement packets from an advertisement device, the scanning device has to send a scan request to the advertisement device.
  • the scanning device may ignore advertisement packets transmitted from the advertisement device.
  • a device filtering procedure may also be used in the connection request process. If device filtering is used in the connection request process, it is not necessary to transmit a response to the connection request by ignoring the connection request.
  • the advertisement device performs an advertisement procedure to perform non-directional broadcast to devices in the area.
  • undirected advertising is advertising directed to all (all) devices rather than a broadcast directed to a specific device, and all devices scan advertisements to request additional information or You can make a connection request.
  • a device designated as a receiving device scans the advertisement to request additional information or a connection request.
  • An advertisement procedure is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with a nearby initiating device.
  • the advertisement procedure may be used to provide periodic broadcast of user data to scanning devices that are listening on the advertisement channel.
  • Advertising devices may receive a scan request from listening devices that are listening to obtain additional user data from the advertising device.
  • the advertisement device transmits a response to the scan request to the device that transmitted the scan request through the same advertisement physical channel as the advertisement physical channel on which the scan request is received.
  • Broadcast user data sent as part of advertisement packets is dynamic data, whereas scan response data is generally static data.
  • An advertising device may receive a connection request from an initiating device on an advertising (broadcast) physical channel. If the advertising device uses a connectable advertising event and the initiating device is not filtered by the device filtering procedure, the advertising device stops advertising and enters a connected mode. The advertising device may start advertising again after the connected mode.
  • a device performing scanning that is, a scanning device, performs a scanning procedure to listen to a non-directional broadcast of user data from advertisement devices using an advertisement physical channel.
  • the scanning device sends a scan request to the advertisement device through an advertisement physical channel to request additional data from the advertisement device.
  • the advertisement device transmits a scan response that is a response to the scan request including additional data requested by the scanning device through the advertisement physical channel.
  • the scanning procedure may be used while being connected to another BLE device in the BLE piconet.
  • the scanning device If the scanning device receives a broadcast advertisement event and is in an initiator mode capable of initiating a connection request, the scanning device sends a connection request to the advertisement device through an advertisement physical channel. You can start a Bluetooth connection with
  • the scanning device When the scanning device sends a connection request to the advertising device, the scanning device stops scanning initiator mode for additional broadcast, and enters the connected mode.
  • 'Bluetooth devices' Devices capable of Bluetooth communication (hereinafter, referred to as 'Bluetooth devices') perform advertisement and scanning procedures to discover nearby devices or to be discovered by other devices within a given area.
  • the discovery procedure is performed asymmetrically.
  • a Bluetooth device that tries to find other nearby devices is called a discovering device and listens to find devices that advertise a scannable advertisement event.
  • a Bluetooth device discovered and available from other devices is called a discoverable device and actively broadcasts an advertisement event so that other devices can scan it through an advertisement (broadcast) physical channel.
  • Both the discovering device and the discoverable device may be already connected to other Bluetooth devices in the piconet.
  • connection procedure is asymmetric, and the connection procedure requires that a specific Bluetooth device perform a scanning procedure while another Bluetooth device performs an advertisement procedure.
  • an advertisement procedure may be targeted, as a result of which only one device will respond to the advertisement.
  • a connection After receiving an accessible advertisement event from an advertisement device, a connection may be initiated by sending a connection request to the advertisement device through an advertisement (broadcast) physical channel.
  • the link layer enters the advertisement state by the instruction of the host (stack).
  • the link layer sends advertisement packet data circuits (PDUs) in advertisement events.
  • PDUs advertisement packet data circuits
  • Each advertisement event consists of at least one advertisement PDU, and the advertisement PDUs are transmitted through used advertisement channel indexes.
  • the advertisement event may be terminated earlier when the advertisement PDU is transmitted through the used advertisement channel indexes, or when the advertisement device needs to secure a space to perform another function.
  • the link layer enters the scanning state under the direction of the host (stack). In the scanning state, the link layer listens for advertisement channel indices.
  • each scanning type is determined by a host.
  • a separate time or advertisement channel index for performing scanning is not defined.
  • the link layer listens for the advertisement channel index for a scanWindow duration.
  • the scanInterval is defined as the interval (interval) between the starting points of two consecutive scan windows.
  • the link layer MUST listen for completion of all scan intervals in the scan window as directed by the host, provided there is no scheduling conflict. In each scan window, the link layer must scan a different advertisement channel index. The link layer uses all available advertising channel indices.
  • the link layer In passive scanning, the link layer only receives packets and transmits no packets.
  • the link layer performs listening depending on the advertisement PDU type, which may request advertisement PDUs and additional information related to the advertisement device from the advertisement device.
  • the link layer enters the initiation state by the instruction of the host (stack).
  • the link layer When the link layer is in the initiating state, the link layer performs listening for advertisement channel indices.
  • the link layer listens for the advertisement channel index during the scan window period.
  • the link layer enters the connected state when the device making the connection request, that is, the initiating device sends a CONNECT_REQ PDU to the advertising device, or when the advertising device receives a CONNECT_REQ PDU from the initiating device.
  • connection After entering the connection state, a connection is considered to be created. However, the connection need not be considered to be established at the time it enters the connected state. The only difference between the newly created connection and the established connection is the link layer connection supervision timeout value.
  • the link layer performing the master role is called a master, and the link layer performing the slave role is called a slave.
  • the master controls the timing of the connection event, and the connection event refers to the synchronization point between the master and the slave.
  • BLE devices use packets defined below.
  • the Link Layer has only one packet format used for both advertisement channel packets and data channel packets.
  • Each packet consists of four fields: a preamble, an access address, a PDU, and a CRC.
  • the PDU When one packet is transmitted in the advertisement channel, the PDU will be the advertisement channel PDU, and when one packet is transmitted in the data channel, the PDU will be the data channel PDU.
  • An advertisement channel PDU Packet Data Circuit
  • PDU Packet Data Circuit
  • the PDU type field of the advertisement channel PDU included in the header indicates the PDU type as defined in Table 3 below.
  • Advertising PDU (Advertising PDU )
  • advertisement channel PDU types are called advertisement PDUs and are used in specific events.
  • ADV_IND Linkable non-directional advertising event
  • ADV_NONCONN_IND Non-Linkable Non-Directional Advertising Event
  • ADV_SCAN_IND Scannable non-directional advertising event
  • the PDUs are transmitted in the link layer in the advertisement state and are received by the link layer in the scanning state or initiating state.
  • advertisement channel PDU types are called scanning PDUs and are used in the state described below.
  • SCAN_REQ Sent by the link layer in the scanning state, and received by the link layer in the advertisement state.
  • SCAN_RSP Sent by the link layer in the advertisement state, and received by the link layer in the scanning state.
  • initiation PDUs The following advertisement channel PDU types are called initiation PDUs.
  • CONNECT_REQ Sent by the link layer in the initiating state, and received by the link layer in the advertising state.
  • the data channel PDU may have a 16-bit header, payloads of various sizes, and include a Message Integrity Check (MIC) field.
  • MIC Message Integrity Check
  • the load 455 may be a battery.
  • the battery may store energy using power output from the power pickup circuit 210 .
  • the battery is not necessarily included in the mobile device 450 .
  • the battery may be provided as a detachable external configuration.
  • the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may include a driving means for driving various operations of the electronic device instead of a battery.
  • the mobile device 450 is shown to include the wireless power receiver 200 and the base station 400 is shown to include the wireless power transmitter 100, in a broad sense, the wireless power receiver ( 200 may be identified with the mobile device 450 , and the wireless power transmitter 100 may be identified with the base station 400 .
  • wireless power transmission including the communication/control circuit 120 may be represented by a simplified block diagram as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 includes a power conversion circuit 110 and a communication/control circuit 120 .
  • the communication/control circuit 120 includes an in-band communication module 121 and a BLE communication module 122 .
  • the wireless power receiver 200 includes a power pickup circuit 210 and a communication/control circuit 220 .
  • the communication/control circuit 220 includes an in-band communication module 221 and a BLE communication module 222 .
  • the BLE communication modules 122 , 222 perform the architecture and operation according to FIG. 6 .
  • the BLE communication modules 122 and 222 may be used to establish a connection between the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200, and to exchange control information and packets necessary for wireless power transmission. there is.
  • the communication/control circuit 120 may be configured to operate a profile for wireless charging.
  • the profile for wireless charging may be GATT using BLE transmission.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example.
  • the communication/control circuits 120 and 220 include only in-band communication modules 121 and 221 , respectively, and the BLE communication modules 122 and 222 are the communication/control circuits 120 , 220) and a form separately provided is also possible.
  • the coil or the coil unit may be referred to as a coil assembly, a coil cell, or a cell including a coil and at least one element adjacent to the coil.
  • FIG. 9 is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure.
  • the power transmission from the wireless power transmitter to the receiver is largely a selection phase (selection phase, 510), a ping phase (ping phase, 520), identification and configuration phase (identification) and configuration phase, 530), a negotiation phase (540), a calibration phase (550), a power transfer phase (560), and a renegotiation phase (570). .
  • the selection step 510 transitions when a specific error or a specific event is detected while initiating or maintaining the power transmission - including, for example, reference numerals S502, S504, S508, S510 and S512.
  • the wireless power transmitter may monitor whether an object is present on the interface surface. If the wireless power transmitter detects that an object is placed on the interface surface, it may transition to the ping step 520 .
  • the wireless power transmitter transmits an analog ping signal that is a power signal (or pulse) corresponding to a very short duration, and the current of the transmitting coil or the primary coil Based on the change, it is possible to detect whether an object is present in an active area of the interface surface.
  • the wireless power transmitter may measure a quality factor of a wireless power resonance circuit (eg, a power transmission coil and/or a resonance capacitor).
  • a quality factor may be measured in order to determine whether the wireless power receiver is placed in the charging area together with the foreign material.
  • an inductance and/or a series resistance component in the coil may be reduced due to an environmental change, thereby reducing a quality factor value.
  • the wireless power transmitter may receive a pre-measured reference quality factor value from the wireless power receiver in a state in which the foreign substance is not disposed in the charging area.
  • the presence of foreign substances may be determined by comparing the reference quality factor value received in the negotiation step 540 with the measured quality factor value.
  • a specific wireless power receiving device may have a low reference quality factor value depending on the type, use, and characteristics of the wireless power receiving device. In this case, since there is no significant difference between the measured quality factor value and the reference quality factor value, it may be difficult to determine the presence of foreign substances. Therefore, it is necessary to further consider other determining factors or to determine the presence of foreign substances by using other methods.
  • a quality factor value within a specific frequency domain may be measured in order to determine whether the object is disposed with the foreign material in the charging area.
  • the inductance and/or the series resistance component in the coil may be reduced due to environmental changes, and thus the resonance frequency of the coil of the wireless power transmitter may be changed (shifted). That is, the quality factor peak frequency, which is the frequency at which the maximum quality factor value within the operating frequency band is measured, may be moved.
  • the wireless power transmitter wakes up the receiver and transmits a digital ping for identifying whether the detected object is a wireless power receiver.
  • the wireless power transmitter may transition back to the selection step 510 .
  • the wireless power transmitter receives a signal indicating that power transmission is complete from the receiver in the ping step 520 , that is, a charging complete packet, it may transition to the selection step 510 .
  • the wireless power transmitter may transition to the identification and configuration step 530 for identifying the receiver and collecting receiver configuration and state information.
  • the wireless power transmitter receives an unwanted packet (unexpected packet), or a desired packet is not received for a predefined time (time out), or there is a packet transmission error (transmission error), If a power transfer contract is not established (no power transfer contract), the transition may be performed to the selection step 510 .
  • the wireless power transmitter may determine whether it is necessary to enter the negotiation step 540 based on the negotiation field value of the configuration packet received in the identification and configuration step 530 . As a result of the check, if negotiation is necessary, the wireless power transmitter may enter a negotiation step 540 to perform a predetermined FOD detection procedure. On the other hand, as a result of the check, if negotiation is not required, the wireless power transmitter may directly enter the power transmission step 560 .
  • the wireless power transmitter may receive a Foreign Object Detection (FOD) status packet including a reference quality factor value.
  • FOD status packet including the reference peak frequency value may be received.
  • a status packet including a reference quality factor value and a reference peak frequency value may be received.
  • the wireless power transmitter may determine a quality factor threshold for FO detection based on the reference quality factor value.
  • the wireless power transmitter may determine a peak frequency threshold for FO detection based on a reference peak frequency value.
  • the wireless power transmitter can detect whether FO is present in the charging area using the determined quality factor threshold for FO detection and the currently measured quality factor value (quality factor value measured before the ping step), and Power transmission can be controlled accordingly. For example, when the FO is detected, power transmission may be stopped, but is not limited thereto.
  • the wireless power transmitter can detect whether FO is present in the charging area using the determined peak frequency threshold for FO detection and the currently measured peak frequency value (the peak frequency value measured before the ping step), and Power transmission can be controlled accordingly. For example, when the FO is detected, power transmission may be stopped, but is not limited thereto.
  • the wireless power transmitter may return to the selection step 510 .
  • the wireless power transmitter may enter the power transfer step 560 through the correction step 550 .
  • the wireless power transmitter determines the intensity of power received by the receiver in the correction step 550, and the receiver and the receiver to determine the intensity of power transmitted from the transmitter. Power loss at the transmitting end can be measured. That is, the wireless power transmitter may estimate the power loss based on the difference between the transmit power of the transmitter and the receive power of the receiver in the correction step 550 .
  • the wireless power transmitter may correct a threshold for FOD detection by reflecting the predicted power loss.
  • the wireless power transmitter receives an unwanted packet (unexpected packet), a desired packet is not received for a predefined time (time out), or a violation of a preset power transmission contract occurs Otherwise (power transfer contract violation) or when charging is completed, the process may shift to the selection step 510 .
  • the wireless power transmitter may transition to the renegotiation step 570 when it is necessary to reconfigure the power transmission contract according to a change in the state of the wireless power transmitter. In this case, when the renegotiation is normally completed, the wireless power transmitter may return to the power transmission step 560 .
  • the calibration step 550 may be integrated into the power transmission step 560. In this case, in the calibration step 550, Operations may be performed in a power transfer step 560 .
  • the power transmission contract may be established based on status and characteristic information of the wireless power transmitter and the receiver.
  • the wireless power transmitter state information may include information on the maximum transmittable power amount, information on the maximum acceptable number of receivers, and the like, and the receiver state information may include information on required power and the like.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a power control control method according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 may control the amount of power transmitted by performing communication together with power transmission/reception.
  • the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver operate at a specific control point.
  • the control point represents a combination of voltage and current provided from an output of the wireless power receiver when power transfer is performed.
  • the wireless power receiver selects a desired control point - a desired output current/voltage, a temperature at a specific location of the mobile device, and additionally an actual control point currently operating. ) to determine
  • the wireless power receiver may calculate a control error value using a desired control point and an actual control point, and transmit it to the wireless power transmitter as a control error packet.
  • the wireless power transmitter may control power transfer by setting/controlling a new operating point - amplitude, frequency, and duty cycle - using the received control error packet. Therefore, the control error packet is transmitted/received at regular time intervals in the strategy delivery step, and as an embodiment, the wireless power receiver sets the control error value to a negative number when trying to reduce the current of the wireless power transmitter, and a control error when trying to increase the current. It can be transmitted by setting the value to a positive number. As described above, in the induction mode, the wireless power receiver can control power transfer by transmitting a control error packet to the wireless power transmitter.
  • the resonance mode which will be described below, may operate in a different manner from that in the induction mode.
  • one wireless power transmitter In the resonance mode, one wireless power transmitter must be able to simultaneously serve a plurality of wireless power receivers.
  • the wireless power transmitter transmits basic power in common, and the wireless power receiver attempts to control the amount of power received by controlling its own resonance frequency.
  • the method described with reference to FIG. 10 is not completely excluded even in the resonance mode operation, and additional transmission power control may be performed by the method of FIG. 10 .
  • 11 is a block diagram of an apparatus for transmitting power wirelessly according to another embodiment.
  • the shared mode may refer to a mode in which one-to-many communication and charging are performed between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver.
  • the shared mode may be implemented in a magnetic induction method or a resonance method.
  • the wireless power transmitter 700 includes a cover 720 covering the coil assembly, a power adapter 730 for supplying power to the power transmitter 740 , a power transmitter 740 for wirelessly transmitting power, or at least one of a user interface 750 providing power transfer progress and other related information.
  • the user interface 750 may be optionally included or may be included as another user interface 750 of the wireless power transmitter 700 .
  • the power transmitter 740 may include at least one of a coil assembly 760 , an impedance matching circuit 770 , an inverter 780 , a communication circuit 790 , and a control circuit 710 .
  • the coil assembly 760 includes at least one primary coil that generates a magnetic field, and may be referred to as a coil cell.
  • the impedance matching circuit 770 may provide impedance matching between the inverter and the primary coil(s).
  • the impedance matching circuit 770 may generate a resonance at a suitable frequency to boost the primary coil current.
  • the impedance matching circuitry in the multi-coil power transmitter 740 may further include a multiplex to route a signal from the inverter to a subset of the primary coils.
  • the impedance matching circuit may be referred to as a tank circuit.
  • the impedance matching circuit 770 may include a capacitor, an inductor, and a switching element for switching a connection thereof. Impedance matching detects a reflected wave of wireless power transmitted through the coil assembly 760, and switches a switching element based on the detected reflected wave to adjust the connection state of the capacitor or inductor, adjust the capacitance of the capacitor, or adjust the inductance of the inductor This can be done by adjusting.
  • the impedance matching circuit 770 may be omitted, and the present specification also includes an embodiment of the wireless power transmitter 700 in which the impedance matching circuit 770 is omitted.
  • Inverter 780 may convert a DC input to an AC signal. Inverter 780 may be driven half-bridge or full-bridge to generate pulse waves of an adjustable frequency and duty cycle. The inverter may also include a plurality of stages to adjust the input voltage level.
  • the communication circuit 790 may communicate with the power receiver.
  • the power receiver performs load modulation to communicate requests and information to the power transmitter.
  • the power transmitter 740 may monitor the amplitude and/or phase of the current and/or voltage of the primary coil to demodulate data transmitted by the power receiver using the communication circuitry 790 .
  • the power transmitter 740 may control the output power to transmit data using a frequency shift keying (FSK) method or the like through the communication circuit 790 .
  • FSK frequency shift keying
  • the control circuit 710 may control communication and power transmission of the power transmitter 740 .
  • the control circuit 710 may control power transmission by adjusting the above-described operating point.
  • the operating point may be determined by, for example, at least one of an operating frequency, a duty cycle, and an input voltage.
  • the communication circuit 790 and the control circuit 710 may be provided as separate circuits/devices/chipsets or as one circuit/device/chipset.
  • FIG 12 shows an apparatus for receiving wireless power according to another embodiment.
  • This may belong to a wireless power transmission system of a magnetic resonance method or a shared mode.
  • a wireless power receiving device 800 includes a user interface 820 that provides power transfer progress and other related information, a power receiver 830 that receives wireless power, a load circuit 840 or a coil assembly. It may include at least one of the base 850 to support and cover. In particular, the user interface 820 may be optionally included or may be included as another user interface 82 of the power receiving equipment.
  • the power receiver 830 may include at least one of a power converter 860 , an impedance matching circuit 870 , a coil assembly 880 , a communication circuit 890 , and a control circuit 810 .
  • the power converter 860 may convert AC power received from the secondary coil into a voltage and current suitable for a load circuit.
  • the power converter 860 may include a rectifier.
  • the rectifier may rectify the received wireless power and convert it from AC to DC.
  • the rectifier may convert alternating current to direct current using a diode or transistor, and smooth it using a capacitor and a resistor.
  • a full-wave rectifier, a half-wave rectifier, and a voltage multiplier implemented as a bridge circuit or the like may be used.
  • the power converter may adapt the reflected impedance of the power receiver.
  • the impedance matching circuit 870 may provide impedance matching between the combination of the power converter 860 and the load circuit 840 and the secondary coil. As an embodiment, the impedance matching circuit may generate a resonance near 100 kHz that may enhance power transfer.
  • the impedance matching circuit 870 may include a capacitor, an inductor, and a switching element for switching a combination thereof. Impedance matching may be performed by controlling a switching element of a circuit constituting the impedance matching circuit 870 based on a voltage value, a current value, a power value, a frequency value, etc. of the received wireless power. In some cases, the impedance matching circuit 870 may be omitted, and the present specification also includes an embodiment of the wireless power receiver 200 in which the impedance matching circuit 870 is omitted.
  • the coil assembly 880 includes at least one secondary coil, and may optionally further include an element for shielding a metal part of the receiver from a magnetic field.
  • Communication circuitry 890 may perform load modulation to communicate requests and other information to the power transmitter.
  • the power receiver 830 may switch a resistor or a capacitor to change the reflected impedance.
  • the control circuit 810 may control the received power. To this end, the control circuit 810 may determine/calculate a difference between an actual operating point of the power receiver 830 and a desired operating point. In addition, the control circuit 810 may adjust/reduce the difference between the actual operating point and the desired operating point by adjusting the reflected impedance of the power transmitter and/or performing a request to adjust the operating point of the power transmitter. When this difference is minimized, optimal power reception can be performed.
  • the communication circuit 890 and the control circuit 810 may be provided as separate devices/chipsets or as one device/chipset.
  • the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver enter the Negotiation Phase through a ping phase, a configuration phase, or a ping phase, a configuration phase, a negotiation phase. It can enter the power transfer phase through , and then enter the re-negotiation phase.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a ping step according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 checks whether an object exists in an operating volume by transmitting an analog ping ( S1101 ).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may detect whether an object exists in the working space based on a change in current of a transmission coil or a primary coil.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 When it is determined that there is an object in the working space by analog ping, the wireless power transmitter 1010 performs foreign material detection (FOD) before power transmission to check whether there is a foreign object in the operating volume. It can be done (S1102).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may perform an operation for protecting the NFC card and/or the RFID tag.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 identifies the wireless power receiver 1020 by transmitting a digital ping (S1103).
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 recognizes the wireless power transmitter 1010 by receiving the digital ping.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 Upon receiving the digital ping, the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits a signal strength data packet (SIG) to the wireless power transmitter 1010 ( S1104 ).
  • SIG signal strength data packet
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 receiving the SIG from the wireless power receiver 1020 may identify that the wireless power receiver 1020 is located in an operating volume.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a configuration step according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits its identification information to the wireless power transmitter 1010 , and the wireless power receiver 1020 and the wireless power transmitter 1010 . may establish a baseline Power Transfer Contract.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit an identification data packet (ID) to the wireless power transmitter 1010 to identify itself ( S1201 ). Also, the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit an extended identification data packet (XID) to the wireless power transmitter 1010 ( S1202 ). Also, the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit a power control hold-off data packet (PCH) to the wireless power transmitter 1010 for a power transmission contract or the like (S1203). Also, the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit a configuration data packet (CFG) to the wireless power transmitter (S1204).
  • ID identification data packet
  • XID extended identification data packet
  • PCH power control hold-off data packet
  • CFG configuration data packet
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may transmit an ACK in response to the CFG (S1205).
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a message field of a configuration packet (CFG) of a wireless power receiver according to an embodiment.
  • the configuration packet (CFG) may have a header value of 0x51 and, referring to FIG. 18 , may include a 5-byte message field.
  • a 1-bit authentication (AI) flag and a 1-bit out-of-band (OB) flag may be included in the message field of the configuration packet (CFG).
  • the authentication flag AI indicates whether the wireless power receiver 1020 supports the authentication function. For example, if the value of the authentication flag AI is '1', it indicates that the wireless power receiver 1020 supports an authentication function or operates as an authentication initiator, and the authentication flag AI If the value of is '0', it may indicate that the wireless power receiver 1020 does not support the authentication function or cannot operate as an authentication initiator.
  • the out-band (OB) flag indicates whether the wireless power receiver 1020 supports out-band communication. For example, if the value of the out-band (OB) flag is '1', the wireless power receiver 1020 instructs out-band communication, and if the value of the out-band (OB) flag is '0', the wireless power receiver ( 1020) may indicate that out-band communication is not supported.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may receive the configuration packet (CFG) of the wireless power receiver 1020 and check whether the wireless power receiver 1020 supports the authentication function and whether out-band communication is supported. .
  • CFG configuration packet
  • 16 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase according to an embodiment.
  • a power transmission contract may be renewed, or information may be exchanged for establishing out-band communication.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 receives an identification data packet (ID) and a capabilities data packet (CAP) of the wireless power transmitter 1010 using a general request data packet (GRQ). can do.
  • ID identification data packet
  • CAP capabilities data packet
  • GRQ general request data packet
  • the general request packet (GRQ) may have a header value of 0x07 and may include a 1-byte message field.
  • the message field of the general request packet (GRQ) may include a header value of a data packet that the wireless power receiver 1020 requests from the wireless power transmitter 1010 using the GRQ packet. For example, when the wireless power receiver 1020 requests the ID packet of the wireless power transmitter 1010 using the GRQ packet, the wireless power receiver 1020 wirelessly enters the message field of the general request packet (GRQ).
  • a general request packet (GRQ/id) including a header value (0x30) of the ID packet of the power transmitter 1010 is transmitted.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits a GRQ packet (GRQ/id) requesting an ID packet of the wireless power transmitter 1010 to the wireless power transmitter 1010 . It can be transmitted (S1301).
  • GRQ/id GRQ/id
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 receiving the GRQ/id may transmit the ID packet to the wireless power receiver 1020 (S1302).
  • the ID packet of the wireless power transmitter 1010 includes information on the Manufacturer Code.
  • the ID packet including information on the Manufacturer Code enables the manufacturer of the wireless power transmitter 1010 to be identified.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits a GRQ packet (GRQ/cap) requesting a performance packet (CAP) of the wireless power transmitter 1010 to the wireless power transmitter ( 1010) (S1303).
  • the message field of the GRQ/cap may include a header value (0x31) of the performance packet (CAP).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 receiving the GRQ/cap may transmit a performance packet (CAP) to the wireless power receiver 1020 (S1304).
  • CAP performance packet
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a message field of a capability packet (CAP) of a wireless power transmitter according to an embodiment.
  • CAP capability packet
  • the capability packet (CAP) may have a header value of 0x31 and, referring to FIG. 20 , may include a message field of 3 bytes.
  • the message field of the capability packet may include a 1-bit authentication (AR) flag and a 1-bit out-of-band (OB) flag.
  • AR authentication
  • OB out-of-band
  • the authentication flag AR indicates whether the wireless power transmitter 1010 supports the authentication function. For example, if the value of the authentication flag AR is '1', it indicates that the wireless power transmitter 1010 supports the authentication function or can operate as an authentication responder, and If the value is '0', it may indicate that the wireless power transmitter 1010 does not support the authentication function or cannot operate as an authentication responder.
  • the out-band (OB) flag indicates whether the wireless power transmitter 1010 supports out-band communication. For example, if the value of the out-band (OB) flag is '1', the wireless power transmitter 1010 instructs out-band communication, and if the value of the out-band (OB) flag is '0', the wireless power transmitter 1010 ( 1010) may indicate that out-band communication is not supported.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 receives the performance packet (CAP) of the wireless power transmitter 1010, and can check whether the wireless power transmitter 1010 supports the authentication function and whether out-band communication is supported. .
  • CAP performance packet
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 uses at least one specific request data packet (SRQ) in the negotiation step or the renegotiation step in relation to the power to be provided in the power transmission step.
  • SRQ specific request data packet
  • the elements of (Power Transfer Contract) may be updated, and the negotiation phase or the renegotiation phase may be terminated (S1305).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may transmit only ACK, only ACK or NAK, or only ACK or ND in response to a specific request packet (SRQ) according to the type of the specific request packet (SRQ) (S1306) .
  • SRQ specific request packet
  • a data packet or message exchanged between the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 in the above-described ping step, configuration step, and negotiation/renegotiation step may be transmitted/received through in-band communication.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol of a power transmission step according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit/receive wireless power based on a power transmission contract.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 includes a control error packet (CE) including information on a difference between an actual operating point and a target operating point. control error data packet) to the wireless power transmitter 1010 (S1401).
  • CE control error packet
  • S1401 wireless power transmitter 1010
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 wirelessly transmits a Received Power data packet (RP) including information on the received power value of the wireless power received from the wireless power transmitter 1010 . It transmits to the power transmitter 1010 (S1402).
  • RP Received Power data packet
  • control error packet (CE) and the received power packet (RP) are data packets that must be repeatedly transmitted/received according to a timing constraint required for wireless power control.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may control the level of wireless power transmitted based on the control error packet CE and the received power packet RP received from the wireless power receiver 1020 .
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may respond to the received power packet (RP) with an 8-bit bit pattern such as ACK, NAK, and ATN (S1403).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 When the wireless power transmitter 1010 responds with an ACK to the received power packet (RP/0) having a mode value of 0, it means that power transmission can continue to the current level.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 responds with NAK to the received power packet RP/0 having a mode value of 0, it means that the wireless power receiver 1020 should reduce power consumption.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 responds with an ACK
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits the received power packet (RP/ 1 or RP/2) means that the power correction value included in it has been accepted.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 responds with NAK
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits the received power packet (RP/ 1 or RP/2) means that the power correction value included in the value was not accepted.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 When the wireless power transmitter 1010 responds with the ATN to the received power packet (RP), it means that the wireless power transmitter 1010 requests permission for communication.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 control the power level transmitted/received based on the response to the control error packet (CE), the received power packet (RP), and the received power packet (RP) can do.
  • CE control error packet
  • RP received power packet
  • RP received power packet
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits a charge status packet (CHS, Charge Status data packet) including information on the charge state of the battery to the wireless power transmitter 1010 (S1404) .
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may control the power level of the wireless power based on information on the state of charge of the battery included in the state of charge packet (CHS).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 and/or the wireless power receiver 1020 may enter the renegotiation step to renew a power transmission contract.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 responds to the received power packet (RP) with ATN.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit the DSR/poll packet to the wireless power transmitter 1010 to give the wireless power transmitter 1010 an opportunity to transmit the data packet (S1405).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 transmits a performance packet (CAP) to the wireless power receiver 1020 in response to the DSR/poll packet (S1406)
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 requests the progress of the renegotiation step.
  • CAP performance packet
  • NEGO renegotiation packet
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 In the power transmission step, when the wireless power receiver 1020 wants to enter the renegotiation step, the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits a renegotiation packet (NEGO) requesting the progress of the renegotiation step to the wireless power transmitter 1010. transmit (S1407), and when the wireless power transmitter 1010 responds with ACK to the renegotiation packet (NEGO) (S1408), the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 enter the renegotiation phase do.
  • NEGO renegotiation packet
  • the wireless power transmission system may have an application layer message exchange function to support extension to various application fields. Based on this function, device authentication-related information or other application-level messages may be transmitted/received between the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 .
  • an application layer message exchange function to support extension to various application fields. Based on this function, device authentication-related information or other application-level messages may be transmitted/received between the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 .
  • a separate hierarchical architecture for data transmission is required, and efficient management of the hierarchical architecture and An operating method is required.
  • 19 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a protocol for determining a communication mode to be used in a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may include an in-band communication module 1011 and an out-band communication module 1012 .
  • the in-band communication module 1011 may perform message modulation, message transmission, message demodulation, etc. through in-band communication
  • the out-band communication module 1012 may perform message modulation, message transmission, message demodulation, etc. through out-band communication. can be performed.
  • the in-band communication module 1011 and the out-band communication module 1012 may be physically separated from each other, but may be physically implemented by one processor.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 may also include an in-band communication module 1021 and an out-band communication module 1022 .
  • the in-band communication module 1021 may perform message modulation, message transmission, message demodulation, etc. through in-band communication
  • the out-band communication module 1022 may perform message modulation, message transmission, message demodulation, etc. through out-band communication. can be performed.
  • the in-band communication module 1021 and the out-band communication module 1022 may be physically separated from each other, but may be physically implemented by one processor.
  • both the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 support out-band communication and BLE communication is used as the out-band communication.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit a specific request packet (SRQ/com) including information on a communication mode to be used in the power transmission step to the wireless power transmitter 1010 (S1501). ).
  • SRQ/com specific request packet
  • the specific request packet (SRQ/com) transmitted in S1501 may be a type of the specific request packet (SRQ) transmitted in S1305 of the negotiation step or renegotiation step described with reference to FIG. 16 .
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may respond with ACK to SRQ/com (S1502).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 may be forced to respond only with ACK to SRQ/com.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 may transmit a data packet including a BLE device address through in-band communication (S1503).
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 refers to a data packet including its BLE device address as a BLE connection request message.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 transmits the BLE connection request message only when it is decided to communicate using the mixed mode (or the first mixed mode, the second mixed mode) or the out-band mode in the power transmission step through SRQ/com. can be transmitted That is, the wireless power receiver 1020 may not transmit the BLE connection request message when it is decided to communicate using the in-band mode in the power transmission step through SRQ/com.
  • the BLE connection request message may include, for example, 6-byte, Bluetooth device address information of the wireless power receiver 1020 .
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 may use a random static device address as a Bluetooth device address to protect user privacy.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 that has received the BLE connection request message from the wireless power receiver 1020 may respond with ACK or NAK to inform whether the BLE connection request message is normally received. Alternatively, when the wireless power transmitter 1010 cannot process the BLE connection request message, it may respond with an ND.
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 that has normally received the BLE connection request message may transmit a data packet including its BLE device address through in-band communication (S1504).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 refers to a data packet including its BLE device address as a BLE connection response message.
  • the BLE connection response message may include, for example, 6-byte information on the Bluetooth device address of the wireless power transmitter 1010 .
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 is a general request packet (GRQ / requesting an address packet of the wireless power transmitter 1010) in order to receive the Bluetooth device address (Bluetooth Device Address) of the wireless power transmitter 1010. ble) may be transmitted to the wireless power transmitter 1010 .
  • GRQ general request packet
  • Bluetooth device address Bluetooth Device Address
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 that has received the GRQ/ble may transmit an address packet including information on its Bluetooth device address to the wireless power receiver 1020 in response to this. .
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 may establish a BLE connection based on the received counterpart's Bluetooth device address (S1505).
  • the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 perform in-band communication and/or out-band communication in the power transmission step. use.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 may determine a communication mode according to a power profile supported by the wireless power transmitter 1010 and the wireless power receiver 1020 and a power level to be received in the power transmission step.
  • the wireless power receiver 1020 is Communication mode can be designated as in-band mode.
  • wireless power reception The device 1020 may designate the communication mode as any one of an in-band mode, a first mixed mode, a second mixed mode, and an out-band mode.
  • EPP extended power profile
  • the wireless power The receiver 1020 may designate the communication mode as any one of the first mixed mode, the second mixed mode, and the out-band mode.
  • MLP Mobile Laptop Power Profile
  • BR/EDR Base Rate / Enhanced Data Rate
  • LE Low Energy core specifications.
  • BR/EDR is a wireless communication technology that has a dominant position in the short-range WPAN technology and has been applied to many products.
  • Bluetooth Low Energy was designed with the goal of higher energy efficiency compared to the existing Bluetooth BR/EDR.
  • the wireless charging method includes a magnetic induction method using a magnetic induction phenomenon between a primary coil and a secondary coil, and a magnetic resonance method in which magnetic resonance is achieved using a frequency of several tens of kHz to several MHz bands to transmit power.
  • the wireless charging standard for the magnetic resonance method is led by a council called A4WP
  • the magnetic induction method is led by the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC).
  • WPC is designed to transmit and receive various status information and commands related to the wireless charging system in-band.
  • information exchange is relatively slow because it is not a system designed specifically for communication. Accordingly, in-band communication may not be appropriate for fast information exchange and exchange of various information.
  • out-of-band communication in other words, out-band communication
  • a wireless charging system eg, in-band communication
  • NFC and BLE technologies may correspond to candidate technologies.
  • BLE is adopted in the Qi ecosystem (that is, the ecosystem for the wireless charging system provided by WPC) (that is, when using BLE with in-band communication for the Qi wireless charging method), as described above
  • a BLE address is loaded in a BLE advertisement packet and a BLE connection request packet for a BLE connection operation.
  • the BLE advertisement packet may carry a PRx BLE address
  • the BLE connection request packet may carry a PTx and/or a PRx BLE address
  • FIG. 20 schematically illustrates an example of an advertisement packet and a connection request packet.
  • (a) of FIG. 20 corresponds to an example of an advertisement packet.
  • the advertisement packet may be ADV_IND, which may correspond to a concatenated and scannable non-directional advertisement event.
  • ADV_IND may include an AdvA field, and in this case, the AdvA field may include a (random and/or fixed) device address of the advertiser.
  • connection request packet may be CONNECT_IND.
  • CONNECT_IND may include InitA and/or AdvA.
  • InitA may contain the public or (random and/or fixed) device address of the Initiator (PTx).
  • the AdvA may include the (random and/or fixed) device address of the advertiser (PRx).
  • the PTx may track information on PRx usage, and in particular, a problem in which the PTx installed in a public place tracks PRx user privacy information may occur.
  • the present specification provides a configuration using a random BLE address instead of a unique fixed BLE address when exchanging mutual BLE address information with IB in a negotiation phase.
  • 21 schematically illustrates an example of a static random device address.
  • the device may choose to initialize the static address to a new value after each power cycle. Once the device is initialized, the static address value should not change until the device is power cycled.
  • PRx and PTx can exchange arbitrary BLE addresses using IB to create a BLE connection without privacy issues.
  • the PRx may send the BLE device address (6 bytes) to the PTx in the (re)negotiation phase.
  • An example of the BLE device address at this time may be expressed as a table as follows.
  • Table 4 schematically shows an example of a PRx BLE address packet.
  • the PRx may need to use a random static device address to protect user privacy.
  • the PRx may initialize a random static device address to a new value after each power cycle. there is.
  • the PTx response may be ACK/NAK/ND.
  • the PTx may send the BLE device address (6 bytes) to the PRx in the (re)negotiation phase in response to the PRx GRQ packet for the PTx BLE address.
  • An example of the BLE device address at this time may be expressed as a table as follows.
  • Table 5 schematically shows an example of a PTx BLE address packet.
  • the PTx may use a public or arbitrary device address.
  • a private random address may be further classified into two types. One is a non-resolvable private address and the other is a resolvable private address.
  • resolvable private addresses will be mainly described. .
  • FIG. 22 schematically illustrates an example of a resolvable private device address.
  • a resolvable private address may be provided.
  • the device To generate a resolvable private address, the device must have a local IRK (Identity Resolving Key) or a peer IRK (Identity Resolving Key).
  • a local hash may be generated using IRK according to the following equation.
  • the localHash value may be compared with a hash value extracted from RPA. If the localHash value matches the extracted hash value, then the peer device's ID has been resolved.
  • the PRx can use the IB to send the IRK key to the PTx.
  • a resolvable private address is generated with IRK and prand.
  • a prand is randomly generated and can satisfy the following requirements:
  • the two most significant bits of prand may be equal to 2b01. Also, all bits of prand cannot be 0. In addition, not all bits of prd can be 1.
  • the hash portion of the address can be generated using this prand and the device's 128-bit IRK.
  • the prand may be concatenated with 104-bit padding with the padding bit set to 0.
  • the LSB of the original prand may be maintained as the LSB of the prand after padding. Thereafter, an arbitrary address can be generated by concatenating the prand and the hash.
  • a resolvable private address can be resolved at the device if there is an IRK of the peer device.
  • a resolvable private address has a 24-bit prand and a 24-bit hash. The prand and IRK of the peer device can be used to resolve the address.
  • the device When the device receives a resolvable private address, it extracts the hash and prand. Thereafter, a local hash value is generated using the IRK of the peer device and the prand extracted from the corresponding address.
  • the hash can be generated in the same way as the address generation.
  • This local hash value can be compared with the hash extracted from the address, and if they match, the above address can be resolved.
  • a device When a device receives the peer device's IRK and ID address during the pairing process, it can store it along with the local IRK in a disassembled list. This list can be used to resolve private addresses in the future.
  • the PRx may send the IRK key (128 bits) to the PTx in the (re)negotiation phase.
  • an example of a PRx BLE IRK (key) packet may be expressed as a table as follows.
  • ACK/NAK/ND may be transmitted.
  • the IRK key in the BLE standard is used for resolving a BLE resolvable private address in the bonding process. This is to prevent other neighboring BLE devices from tracking communication between paired BLE devices.
  • a connection operation can be made only between BLE devices that share the IRK key.
  • the BLE device address information carried in the advertisement packet and the connection request packet can be processed as a valid BLE address only when the device has an IRK key.
  • pairing may be performed between BLE devices.
  • a pairing method at this time there is a method of using 'Just Works', OB (in other words, out-of-band (OOB)) or 'Passkey'.
  • OOB out-of-band
  • a key may be generated between the BLE devices, and thereafter, bonding may be performed between the BLE devices based on the IRK being shared.
  • the BLE device uses a unique IRK key per device, and does not change the IRK key used once. This is because the IRK key can be used between devices that have already been paired once in the next connection.
  • the corresponding IRK key can be used as an identifier that allows the PTx to track a specific PRx.
  • the provider may store the IRK received from the PRx corresponding to the terminal in the crowd/server.
  • the IRK received from the PRx corresponding to the terminal will continue to be stored by the provider, and the PRx corresponding to the terminal can be paired using the PTx provided by the provider and the previously stored IRK while changing locations.
  • the PTx can track the PRx corresponding to the terminal, and from the terminal's point of view, the terminal has a security problem of exposing its own moving line to the PTx as it is.
  • the third BLE device is PTx and Security issues can arise here as well, as there is room for interfering with communication between the PRx.
  • 24 is a flowchart of a method for performing out-band communication connection according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the wireless power receiver may share an identity resolving key (IRK) with the wireless power transmitter ( S2410 ).
  • INK identity resolving key
  • the wireless power receiver may transmit information related to the address of the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter (S2420).
  • the wireless power transmitter S2420.
  • information related to the address of the wireless power receiver may correspond to, for example, the resolvable private address described above.
  • the wireless power receiver may generate a resolvable private address by generating a hash based on the shared IRK and prand.
  • a resolvable private address may be configured as a hash and a prand as described above.
  • the wireless power transmitter when it receives information related to the address of the wireless power receiver, for example, a resolvable private address, it may generate a hash based on the shared IRK and prand. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter compares the generated hash with the hash included in the received resolvable private address to resolve (that is, resolve) the resolvable private address. there is. Accordingly, the wireless power transmitter can confirm that the address information received from the wireless power receiver can be interpreted as the IRK received through the IB, that is, the address of the wireless power receiver mounted on the wireless power transmitter.
  • the wireless power transmitter since specific examples thereof are the same as those described above (and/or will be described later), descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted in order to omit unnecessary repetition.
  • the wireless power transmitter may also transmit a resolvable private address to the wireless power receiver, and accordingly, the wireless power receiver also has a resolvable private address from the wireless power receiver. Private) address can be received.
  • Specific examples of the resolvable private address generation and resolution are the same as those described above (and/or will be described later), and in order to omit unnecessary repetition, descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted. .
  • the wireless power receiver may perform the out-band communication connection using the Bluetooth-based communication with the wireless power transmitter based on the transmission of the IRK and information related to the address (S2430).
  • S2430 information related to the address
  • the wireless power receiver may generate a new IRK and transmit the new IRK to the wireless power transmitter.
  • the wireless power receiver may generate a new IRK and transmit the new IRK to the wireless power transmitter.
  • the out-band communication may be Bluetooth low energy (BLE) communication.
  • BLE Bluetooth low energy
  • the IRK may be different from the new IRK.
  • specific examples thereof are the same as those described above (and/or will be described later), descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted in order to omit unnecessary repetition.
  • each of the IRK or the new IRK may be randomly configured.
  • descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted in order to omit unnecessary repetition.
  • each of the IRK or the new IRK may be shared through in-band communication using a power signal.
  • each of the IRK or the new IRK may be shared in a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase.
  • descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted in order to omit unnecessary repetition.
  • the information related to the address may be generated based on the IRK.
  • specific examples thereof are the same as those described above (and/or will be described later), descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted in order to omit unnecessary repetition.
  • sharing the IRK may include, by the wireless power receiver, transmitting the IRK to the wireless power transmitter and receiving a response from the wireless power transmitter.
  • the response may be an ACK response, a NAK response, or an ND indicating that the transmission is not valid.
  • 25 is a flowchart of a method of performing out-band communication connection according to another embodiment of the present specification.
  • the wireless power receiver may transmit the IRK to the wireless power transmitter (S2510).
  • the wireless power transmitter S2510
  • specific examples thereof are the same as those described above (and/or will be described later)
  • descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted in order to omit unnecessary repetition.
  • the wireless power receiver may receive a response from the wireless power transmitter (S2520).
  • S2520 the wireless power transmitter
  • the wireless power receiver may transmit information related to the address of the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter (S2530).
  • the wireless power transmitter S2530.
  • the wireless power receiver may perform the out-band communication connection using the Bluetooth-based communication with the wireless power transmitter based on the transmission of the IRK and information related to the address (S2540).
  • the wireless power receiver may generate a new IRK and transmit the new IRK to the wireless power transmitter.
  • the wireless power receiver may generate a new IRK and transmit the new IRK to the wireless power transmitter.
  • the present specification provides a configuration for defining a random IRK key used for each BLE connection, thereby ensuring privacy between the PRx and the PTx.
  • a new key may be used every time the IRK key is exchanged in the negotiation phase, even though the shared IRK key is transmitted by the same PRx. Accordingly, despite receiving the IRK from the same PRx, the PTx receives a different key from the previously received key at the next charging time, so that the PTx cannot recognize that it has received the IRK from the same PRx as before.
  • the PRx BLE device does not use a single fixed IRK key, but can use a new IRK key every time it establishes a BLE connection with the PTx. And, the new IRK key at this time may be shared in every negotiation phase through the IB.
  • the PRx can send the IRK key (128 bits) to the PTx in the (re)negotiation phase.
  • an example of a PRx BLE IRK (key) packet may be expressed as a table as follows.
  • the PRx may use a new random IRK key at each power cycle to prevent the PTx from tracking the PRx using the IRK key. That is, the PRx may share a new random IRK key in all negotiation stages.
  • ACK/NAK/ND may be provided as a PTx response.
  • 26 schematically illustrates an example situation that may be problematic.
  • the PRx when the PRx is loaded onto the PTx and charged, the PRx may share the IRK key in the negotiation phase through the IB. Thereafter, a connection between PTx BLE and PRx BLE sharing an IRK key may be configured during BLE connection.
  • the paired PTx/PRx BLE device cannot protect privacy from other neighboring BLE devices (third BLE device). There is. However, there arises a problem that cannot prevent the paired PTx from tracking a specific PRx to be paired.
  • the PRx can generate a new IRK key each time it is loaded and charged on the PTx and share it in the negotiation phase through the IB. Thereafter, a connection between PTx BLE and PRx BLE sharing an IRK key is configured during BLE connection, and by different IRK key used for each connection, the problem of PTx tracking a specific PRx can be prevented.
  • the embodiments of the present specification have been described in terms of the PRx transmitting the IRK to the PTx. However, this is for convenience of description of the present specification, and according to the present specification, the PTx may transmit the IRK to the PRx. That is, although not shown separately, the present specification may also provide the following embodiments.
  • the wireless power transmitter may share an identity resolving key (IRK) with the wireless power receiver. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter may transmit information related to the address of the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver. In addition, the wireless power transmitter may perform the out-band communication connection using the Bluetooth-based communication with the wireless power receiver based on the transmission of the IRK and information related to the address.
  • IRK identity resolving key
  • the wireless power transmitter may generate a new IRK and transmit the new IRK to the wireless power receiver.
  • Specific examples thereof are the same as those described above (and/or will be described later), and thus, descriptions of overlapping content will be omitted in order to omit unnecessary repetition.
  • the PTx since a new IRK key is used for every connection, the PTx cannot track the PRx, and privacy between the connected BLE devices can be guaranteed.
  • the IRK key is shared as the IB, thereby solving the cross-connection issue between the neighboring third BLE (in other words, devices other than (PTx and PRx with shared IRK)) and PTx (and/or PRx). can be That is, since the neighboring third BLE device does not know the IRK key, the IRK cannot interfere with the connection between the shared PTx and PRx BLE devices.
  • FIG. 28 is a flowchart of a method of performing out-band communication connection from the viewpoint of a wireless power receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the wireless power receiver may share an identity resolving key (IRK) with the wireless power transmitter ( S2810 ).
  • INK identity resolving key
  • the wireless power receiver may transmit information related to the address of the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter (S2820). Specific examples of this are the same as described above, and in order to omit unnecessary repetition, descriptions of overlapping contents will be omitted.
  • the wireless power receiver may perform the out-band communication connection using the Bluetooth-based communication with the wireless power transmitter based on the transmission of the IRK and information related to the address (S2830). Specific examples of this are the same as described above, and in order to omit unnecessary repetition, descriptions of overlapping contents will be omitted.
  • the wireless power receiver may generate a new IRK and transmit the new IRK to the wireless power transmitter. Specific examples of this are the same as described above, and in order to omit unnecessary repetition, descriptions of overlapping contents will be omitted.
  • the embodiment of the present specification may also provide the following apparatus.
  • the wireless power receiver includes a power pickup that receives wireless power from the wireless power transmitter by magnetic coupling at an operating frequency and an in-band using the operating frequency. -band) and a controller for communicating with the wireless power transmitter using at least one of out-band communication using a frequency other than the operating frequency and controlling reception of the wireless power, the controller is configured to share an identity resolving key (IRK) with the wireless power transmitter, and configured to transmit information related to the address of the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter, and the IRK and the address related based on the transmission of information, configured to connect the wireless power transmitter and the out-band communication using Bluetooth-based communication, and whenever a new out-band communication connection is performed, the wireless power receiver sends a new IRK and generating and transmitting the new IRK to the wireless power transmitter.
  • IRK identity resolving key
  • 29 is a flowchart of a method of performing out-band communication connection from the viewpoint of a wireless power transmitter, according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the wireless power transmitter may share an identity resolving key (IRK) with the wireless power receiver ( S2910 ).
  • INK identity resolving key
  • Specific examples of this are the same as described above, and in order to omit unnecessary repetition, descriptions of overlapping contents will be omitted.
  • the wireless power transmitter may receive information related to the address of the wireless power receiver from the wireless power receiver (S2920). Specific examples of this are the same as described above, and in order to omit unnecessary repetition, descriptions of overlapping contents will be omitted.
  • the wireless power transmitter may perform the out-band communication connection using the Bluetooth-based communication with the wireless power receiver based on reception of the IRK and information related to the address (S2930). Specific examples of this are the same as described above, and in order to omit unnecessary repetition, descriptions of overlapping contents will be omitted.
  • the wireless power transmitter may receive a new IRK from the wireless power receiver.
  • a new IRK from the wireless power receiver.
  • the embodiment of the present specification may also provide the following apparatus.
  • the wireless power transmitter includes a power converter that wirelessly transmits power to the wireless power receiver by magnetic coupling at an operating frequency and an in-band using the operating frequency. -band) and a controller for communicating with the wireless power receiver using at least one of out-band communication using a frequency other than the operating frequency and controlling the transmission of the wireless power, the controller is configured to share an identity resolving key (IRK) with the wireless power receiver, and configured to receive information related to an address of the wireless power receiver from the wireless power receiver, and information related to the IRK and the address is configured to perform a connection of the out-band communication using the Bluetooth-based communication with the wireless power receiving device based on the reception of It may be a wireless power transmitter, characterized in that it is received from the wireless power receiver.
  • IRK identity resolving key

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif, le procédé étant un procédé permettant à un dispositif de réception d'énergie sans fil de réaliser une connexion de communication hors bande. Selon l'invention, le dispositif de réception d'énergie sans fil : partage une clé de résolution d'identité (IRK) avec un dispositif d'émission d'énergie sans fil ; émettant des informations relatives à l'adresse du dispositif de réception d'énergie sans fil au dispositif d'émission d'énergie sans fil ; et réalise la connexion de communication hors bande, en utilisant une communication par Bluetooth, avec le dispositif d'émission d'énergie sans fil sur la base de l'IRK et de l'émission des informations relatives à l'adresse. Chaque fois que le dispositif de réception d'énergie sans fil effectue une nouvelle connexion de communication hors bande, le dispositif de réception d'énergie sans fil génère une nouvelle IRK et émet la nouvelle IRK au dispositif d'émission d'énergie sans fil.
PCT/KR2021/016043 2020-11-05 2021-11-05 Procédé et dispositif de protection de la confidentialité de l'utilisateur dans un système de charge sans fil par ble WO2022098156A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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US11916406B1 (en) 2021-09-16 2024-02-27 Apple Inc. Techniques for wireless power systems power delivery

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KR20130111165A (ko) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-10 브로드콤 코포레이션 블루투스 저 에너지 프라이버시
KR20180115998A (ko) * 2017-04-14 2018-10-24 삼성전자주식회사 전자 장치 및 전자 장치에서 인증 정보 전송 및 수신 방법
KR20190082891A (ko) * 2016-11-15 2019-07-10 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 전력 전달 방법 및 이를 위한 장치
US20200220384A1 (en) * 2019-01-03 2020-07-09 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Half-Half-Bridge Pulse Width Modulation Low Power Magnetic Secure Transmission Systems

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KR20120132225A (ko) * 2011-05-27 2012-12-05 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 전력 전송을 이용한 데이터 통신 연결 수립
KR20130111165A (ko) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-10 브로드콤 코포레이션 블루투스 저 에너지 프라이버시
KR20190082891A (ko) * 2016-11-15 2019-07-10 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 전력 전달 방법 및 이를 위한 장치
KR20180115998A (ko) * 2017-04-14 2018-10-24 삼성전자주식회사 전자 장치 및 전자 장치에서 인증 정보 전송 및 수신 방법
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11916406B1 (en) 2021-09-16 2024-02-27 Apple Inc. Techniques for wireless power systems power delivery

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