WO2022095505A1 - Three-dimensional display apparatus for directional display - Google Patents

Three-dimensional display apparatus for directional display Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022095505A1
WO2022095505A1 PCT/CN2021/106624 CN2021106624W WO2022095505A1 WO 2022095505 A1 WO2022095505 A1 WO 2022095505A1 CN 2021106624 W CN2021106624 W CN 2021106624W WO 2022095505 A1 WO2022095505 A1 WO 2022095505A1
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display
total reflection
reflection mirror
directional
transparent self
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PCT/CN2021/106624
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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刘旭
李子寅
***
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浙江大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • G02B30/31—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers involving active parallax barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/34—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers
    • G02B30/35—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers using reflective optical elements in the optical path between the images and the observer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional display, and in particular, to an implementation manner of directional display and a three-dimensional display device thereof.
  • 3D display technology is divided into visual aid 3D display and autostereoscopic 3D display according to whether wearable optical devices are needed.
  • autostereoscopic 3D display has gradually become a research hotspot.
  • Autostereoscopic 3D display is mainly realized by parallax barrier technology, cylindrical lens array technology, micro-lens array technology, etc. Its principle is geometric optics, considering the laws of linear propagation, reflection, refraction, etc. Disadvantages such as low resolution, small field of view, discontinuous viewing angle, and large crosstalk.
  • the emerging pixel-type nano-grating structure based on diffractive optics has high angular modulation accuracy for outgoing light, and a large degree of modulation freedom, which can realize display with a large field of view. However, it has high restrictions on the angle and frequency of the incident beam.
  • the orientation of the backlight source of the liquid crystal device there are certain requirements for the orientation of the backlight source of the liquid crystal device, so as to reduce the phenomenon of crosstalk between different viewpoints.
  • the exposure light source mostly adopts parallel light.
  • Analog lasers can produce monochromatic, coherent, directional and high-brightness beams.
  • a resonator is considered to realize the selection of the outgoing beam.
  • the resonator is composed of two mirrors, which can provide positive feedback of the axial light wave mode and ensure the single-mode oscillation of the output beam, that is, the output beam has directionality and monochromaticity.
  • the design also combines a transparent self-luminous display screen to realize the directional transmission of the color domain display image. Compared with the traditional directional light source solution, it is no longer limited to the use of LCD backlight display.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional display device for directional display, which can realize directional display and has the advantages of small thickness, simple device, lighter weight and large area.
  • a three-dimensional display device for directional display comprises a directional display and an angle deflecting element, the directional display comprises a resonant cavity and a transparent self-luminous display; the light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display is in resonance
  • the resonant cavity is composed of a total reflection mirror/total reflection film and a partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film located on both sides of the transparent self-luminous display; or the resonant cavity is composed of a
  • a transparent self-emissive display consists of wavelength-scale optical structures on both sides.
  • Each pixel of the transparent self-luminous display outputs light in multiple directions. After multiple reflections from the resonant cavity, the photons not along the axis of the resonator will quickly escape from the cavity, and the photons moving along the axis will be in the cavity. Continue to move forward in the cavity, and emit light beams with the same propagation direction and frequency on the output side (such as a partial mirror or a partial reflection film) to achieve directional display.
  • the angle deflecting element can adjust the angle of the deflected outgoing beam to realize free-standing stereoscopic display; the two-dimensional images of multiple viewpoints are separated by the angle deflection element to realize the separation of images from different viewpoints, or time division multiplexing is adopted, and different times correspond to different viewpoints.
  • the image is projected to different viewpoints at different times through the angle deflection element to form a multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display effect.
  • space division multiplexing or time division multiplexing can be used for the technical realization of the three-dimensional display device, so that the three-dimensional display realized by the existing angle deflection device is lighter, thinner and more portable, which is convenient for integration into portable electronic devices such as smart phones and tablets;
  • Time division multiplexing has high requirements on the refresh rate of the display, while the resolution of space division multiplexing display becomes lower with the increase of viewpoints.
  • the self-luminous transparent display includes OLED, MicroLED, etc., but is not limited to this. Different from a single LED as the gain medium of the laser, the self-luminous transparent display is an arrayed light source collection, and it can output color images. Orientation display of images.
  • the fully reflecting mirror and the partial reflecting mirror may be coated with a reflective film, or a complex resonant cavity structure such as a ring cavity may be used, but it is not limited thereto.
  • the total reflection mirror and the partial reflection mirror are plane or concave spherical mirrors, wherein the reflection rate of the total reflection mirror is close to 100%, and the reflection rate of the partial reflection mirror is slightly lower, and as an output mirror, the light beam exits.
  • a thin film can be used to construct a parallel plane cavity, but it is not limited to this.
  • the total reflection film and the partial reflection film in the visible light band are respectively coated on both ends of the transparent self-luminous display to realize the transparent self-luminous display.
  • the multiple reflection of the beam of the device is adopted, and the beam in the resonance direction is selected to exit.
  • an optical metasurface structure can be used, but it is not limited to this.
  • a subwavelength optical structure is etched at both ends of the transparent self-luminous display.
  • the optical structure has been theoretically designed and can achieve specific reflection. After the light beam is emitted from the transparent self-luminous display, the back and forth reflection of the light is realized by the metasurface structure before and after it, and finally the light beam that meets the resonance condition is emitted, and the directional display of the transparent self-luminous display is realized.
  • the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are respectively located on both sides of a single pixel of the transparent self-luminous display, forming a resonant cavity structure; the total reflection on both sides of each pixel of the transparent self-luminous display
  • the parameters of mirror/total reflection film and partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are designed to be the same on each pixel of the transparent self-emissive display; the parameters include the curvature of total reflection film/total reflection film and partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film Radius, cavity length of the resonator.
  • the said total reflection mirror/total reflection film and partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are respectively located on both sides of a single pixel of the transparent self-luminous display, forming a resonant cavity structure;
  • the parameters of the mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are designed to be the same on each pixel of the same color of the transparent self-luminous display.
  • the RGB three-color pixel array of the transparent self-luminous display is arranged, and the total reflection
  • the parameter design of the mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film is also arranged with the RGB three-color pixel array; the parameters include the curvature radius of the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film, resonance cavity length.
  • monochrome and color display can be realized.
  • the parameters of the total reflection mirror and the partial reflection mirror are consistent in all positions of the transparent self-luminous display, which can be realized by overall coating or etching.
  • the parameters of the resonator affect the output power, frequency characteristics, light intensity distribution (mode), and beam divergence angle of the outgoing beam.
  • the parameters of the resonator for different wavelengths of light are different, so in the color display, the three colors of red, green and blue need to correspond to different Therefore, a single resonator pixel is required at the same time under a single pixel.
  • the parameters of the corresponding resonant cavity of the three colors R, G, and B in the color directional display need to be reset according to their respective wavelengths.
  • the three resonant cavities corresponding to the three colors of light are combined into a resonator pixel, which corresponds to the three-color light pixels of the transparent self-luminous display one-to-one. Orientation display of images.
  • the angle deflection element is selected from pixel-type nano-grating, liquid crystal polymer grating, electro-optic modulation element or acousto-optic modulation element; the electro-optic modulation element is selected from liquid crystal electro-optic angle modulation element.
  • the pixel-type nano-grating includes a single-pixel-sized grating combination whose grating period varies in the sub-wavelength scale.
  • the directional display emits a light beam perpendicular to the direction of the display, which is incident on multiple groups of nano-gratings with continuous periodic changes, and the propagation direction is deflected.
  • different pixels correspond to different directions, and the two-dimensional multi-view image can be modulated To different view areas, to achieve multi-field autostereoscopic display.
  • the liquid crystal electro-optical angle modulation element includes a liquid crystal device in which liquid crystal molecules are deflected under the action of a voltage.
  • the directional display emits a light beam perpendicular to the direction of the display, which is incident on a dynamic liquid crystal angle deflection device with an optically equivalent liquid crystal morphology that can be switched back and forth.
  • the liquid crystal presents a gradual electric field Strong, the equivalent optical path distribution of the refractive index of the liquid crystal element is equivalent to the optical path distribution of the solid-state lens, which can modulate the exit direction of the light and present different images in different viewing areas.
  • Multi-view autostereoscopic display is equivalent to the optical path distribution of the solid-state lens, which can modulate the exit direction of the light and present different images in different viewing areas.
  • the liquid crystal polymer grating includes a grating structure in which liquid crystal layers and polymer layers are alternately arranged under holographic exposure.
  • the light beam emitted from the directional display is vertically incident on the liquid crystal polymer grating with the pixel size and the grating period gradually changing, which can realize the deflection of the light angle.
  • the two-dimensional integrated image information of multiple viewpoints is transmitted to different viewpoints to realize multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display.
  • the acousto-optic modulation element includes an acousto-optic medium, an electro-acoustic transducer and a sound absorption device.
  • the electric field controls the generation of ultrasonic waves.
  • the ultrasonic wave propagates in the medium, it will cause the periodic changes of the elastic strain of the medium in time and space, resulting in a corresponding change in the refractive index of each position in the medium with the elastic strain there, which can be regarded as volume grating.
  • the light beam passes through it, Bragg diffraction will occur, and the intensity, frequency, and direction of the outgoing light will change.
  • the outgoing beam of the directional display is vertically incident on the acousto-optic modulation device.
  • the modulation of the light direction is realized by using the resonant cavity. Compared with the traditional realization of the light direction modulation, its thickness is greatly reduced, and it has a series of important characteristics such as coherence, directionality, and monochromaticity. Diffractive optics-based three-dimensional display devices.
  • the three-dimensional display device is transparent as a whole and can be used in AR display.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-dimensional display device based on orientation display according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 3 is a multi-line addressing circuit of an OLED display implemented by the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a directional display in the form of a thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6 is a three-dimensional display device based on directional display according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the angle deflection element is a pixel-type nano-grating;
  • angle deflection element is a liquid crystal electro-optical angle deflection device
  • angle deflection element is a liquid crystal polymer grating
  • the angle deflection element is an acousto-optic modulation device
  • a three-dimensional display device based on directional display includes a resonant cavity, a transparent self-luminous display, and an angle deflection device 4 .
  • the directional display includes a resonant cavity and a transparent self-luminous display 2, wherein the resonant cavity includes a total reflection mirror 1 and a partial reflection mirror 3 in the visible light range, so as to realize the selection of the frequency and directionality of the light beam.
  • the transparent self-luminous display 2 can be selected from but not limited to OLED and MicroLED.
  • the angle deflection device 4 can be selected from, but not limited to, pixel-type nano-gratings, liquid crystal electro-optic modulation elements, liquid crystal polymer gratings, other electro-optic modulation devices or acousto-optic modulation devices.
  • Each pixel of the transparent self-luminous display emits light, which is reflected back and forth in the resonant cavity composed of the total reflection mirror 1 and the partial reflection mirror 3. Only when the resonance conditions are met, the light beam will exit perpendicular to the surface of the resonant cavity, realizing the direction and frequency of the outgoing beam. s Choice.
  • the outgoing beam will be vertically incident on the angle deflecting device 4, and the angle deflecting device 4 is pixelated.
  • the direction of the outgoing light is determined by the parameters of the angle deflecting device 4 pixels. Pixel correspondence matching, the image displayed by the directional display is modulated by the angle deflecting device, and images of different viewing angles are displayed in different viewing areas, thereby realizing multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display.
  • the light rays of a single pixel 5 of a monochromatic directional display travel back and forth in the resonant cavity.
  • the radius of the curved surface of the total reflection mirror 1 of the resonator be R1
  • the radius of the curved surface of the partial reflection mirror 3 be R2
  • the distance between them is L.
  • the line connecting the curvature centers of the two mirror surfaces constitutes the optical axis of the resonant cavity
  • the cavity length of the resonant cavity is L.
  • rn and ⁇ n are the distance of the light from the axis after n round trips, and the angle between the light and the axis, respectively, and r 1 and ⁇ 1 are the distance of the outgoing light from a single pixel 5 of the monochrome directional display from the axis, respectively.
  • the angle between the ray and the axis, T is the total transformation matrix of the paraxial ray going back and forth in the cavity, expressed as T n is the product of n round-trip matrices T.
  • a resonant cavity with a certain L only provides positive feedback to the light waves whose frequencies meet the following conditions to make them resonate.
  • L' is the optical length of the resonator.
  • the light wave that satisfies the resonance condition will be emitted, as shown in Figure 2, and the light beam will be emitted in the direction perpendicular to the resonant cavity.
  • the active matrix driving form of the OLED transparent self-emissive display can control the brightness of each pixel independently, and combined with the parameter design of a single resonator, the angle modulation of the light emitted by each pixel can be realized .
  • the control of the active matrix drive can decompose the image or text to be displayed into a two-dimensional distributed lattice array, and combined with the resonant cavity, after the direction of the outgoing light is determined, the directional image display can be realized.
  • the light transmission corresponding to 4 pixels of the directional display corresponding to 4 pixels of the directional display.
  • the resonators of R, G, B three colors R partial mirror 6, G partial mirror 7, B partial mirror 8, R total reflection mirror 9, G total reflection mirror 10 and B
  • the parameters of the total reflection mirror 11 need to be designed separately to form a resonant cavity pixel, which is arranged in an array to form a whole resonant cavity to realize the vertical emission of three colors of light, and the image will present a multi-color gamut directional display.
  • a directional display screen formed by a resonant cavity in the form of a thin film.
  • the resonant cavity in the form of thin film is a parallel plane cavity.
  • a glass substrate is placed at the set position and coated with a total reflection film and a partial reflection film in the visible light band to realize the vertical output of the beam.
  • the angle deflection element is a pixel-type nanograting 12 .
  • the light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonator and exits perpendicularly to the resonator.
  • a multi-view autostereoscopic display is realized.
  • the pixel-type nano-grating 12 modulates the exit angle of the two-dimensional multi-view image presented by the directional display, separates the view image into each viewpoint direction, and uses the space division multiplexing technology to form a multi-view autostereoscopic display.
  • a three-dimensional display device based on directional display, its angle deflection element is a dynamic liquid crystal electro-optical angle modulation device 13 .
  • the light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonant cavity and then exits perpendicular to the resonant cavity, and under the angle modulation of the dynamic liquid crystal device, a multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display is realized.
  • ordinary liquid crystal materials cannot achieve fast switching, and blue phase materials can be used to design dynamic liquid crystal devices.
  • a dynamic liquid crystal lens array or a dynamic liquid crystal Fresnel lens can be designed, but not limited to this.
  • Figure 7 shows a dynamic liquid crystal lens array.
  • the directional display When the display starts, the directional display emits a light beam perpendicular to its surface, and the liquid crystal lens switches back and forth with the optically equivalent liquid crystal morphology under the adjustment of the driving voltage.
  • the shape is shown by the solid line in Figure 7. This shape projects the image on the directional display screen to the corresponding viewpoint area; in the second half of the frame, the shape of the liquid crystal changes, and the changed shape projects the image on the display screen. Projected to another viewpoint, the viewer will observe the stereoscopic display image within the visual persistence time of the human eye.
  • space division multiplexing of dynamic liquid crystal lenses or time division multiplexing of displayed images can be considered, but not limited to this.
  • a three-dimensional display device based on directional display, its angle deflection element is a liquid crystal polymer grating 14 .
  • the light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonant cavity and then exits perpendicular to the resonant cavity, and three-dimensional display is realized under the modulation of the liquid crystal polymer grating.
  • the liquid crystal polymer grating 14 is a grating structure in which the liquid crystal layer and the polymer layer are alternately arranged by exposing the prepolymer mixed solution by holographic interference.
  • the angle deflection element is an acousto-optic modulation device 15 .
  • the light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonant cavity and exits perpendicular to the resonant cavity, and under the action of the acousto-optic modulation device 15 , a stereoscopic display is realized.
  • the modulated power supply generates ultrasonic waves with certain parameters. During the propagation of the acousto-optic medium, the ultrasonic waves cause periodic changes in the elastic strain of the medium in time and space, resulting in the refractive index of each point in the medium corresponding to the elastic strain there.
  • the acousto-optic medium can be regarded as a volume grating.
  • Time division multiplexing or space division multiplexing technology can be used in this device.
  • Time division multiplexing technology utilizes the visual persistence effect of human eyes, and image information is transmitted to different directions through acousto-optic modulation devices at different times; in space division multiplexing technology
  • the transmitted image information is a two-dimensional multi-view image, in which different pixel information is transmitted to different directions through the acousto-optic modulator.

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Abstract

A three-dimensional display apparatus for directional display. The three-dimensional display apparatus comprises a directional display and an angle deflection element (4), and the directional display comprises a resonant cavity and a transparent self-luminous display (2); a light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display (2) goes back and forth in the resonant cavity, and then is emitted to the angle deflection element (4); and the resonant cavity is composed of fully reflective mirrors (1, 9, 10, 11)/fully reflective films and partially reflective mirrors (3, 6, 7, 8)/partially reflective films, which are located on two sides of the transparent self-luminous display (2); or the resonant cavity is composed of wavelength-level optical structures, which are located on the two sides of the transparent self-luminous display (2). A directional display is a device that is light and thin, simple in terms of installation and capable of directing large-area light, and a corresponding three-dimensional display apparatus is a three-dimensional display apparatus that can realize a large angle of view and a free viewpoint.

Description

一种定向显示的三维显示装置A three-dimensional display device for directional display 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及三维显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种定向显示的实现方式及其三维显示装置。The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional display, and in particular, to an implementation manner of directional display and a three-dimensional display device thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的不断进步，传统二维显示已经不能满足人们对于再现真实世界的需求，三维显示相较于二维显示可使观看者获得物体真实的深度信息和完整的表面特征。三维显示技术根据是否需要借助可穿戴的光学器件分为助视三维显示和自由立体三维显示，其中自由立体三维显示逐渐成为研究热门。自由立体三维显示主要采用视差屏障技术、柱透镜阵列技术、微透镜阵列技术等实现，其原理为几何光学，考虑光的直线传播、反射、折射等规律，对于波长的敏感度低，但其存在分辨率低、视场角小、视角不连续，串扰大等缺点。With the continuous advancement of science and technology, traditional two-dimensional display can no longer meet people's needs for reproducing the real world. Compared with two-dimensional display, three-dimensional display allows viewers to obtain real depth information and complete surface features of objects. 3D display technology is divided into visual aid 3D display and autostereoscopic 3D display according to whether wearable optical devices are needed. Among them, autostereoscopic 3D display has gradually become a research hotspot. Autostereoscopic 3D display is mainly realized by parallax barrier technology, cylindrical lens array technology, micro-lens array technology, etc. Its principle is geometric optics, considering the laws of linear propagation, reflection, refraction, etc. Disadvantages such as low resolution, small field of view, discontinuous viewing angle, and large crosstalk.
新兴的基于衍射光学的像素型纳米光栅结构对出射光线的角度调制准确度高、且调制自由度大，可实现大视场角显示。但其对于入射光束的角度及频率具有较高的限制。基于液晶电光偏转实现的自由立体三维显示中，对于液晶器件的背光源的定向性也具有一定的要求，以减少不同视点间的串扰现象。基于全息体光栅的三维显示装置中，曝光光源多采用平行光，再现过程若入射光的发散角较大或方向存在偏差，其对应的衍射效率将迅速下降，图像的亮度及质量均下降。因此，越来越多的自由立体显示设计方案需要定向光源，引起研究者针对定向背光源不断进行研究，其主要通过微结构导光板和LED光源来实现定向光源的设计，但对微结构设计要求高，且涉及参数较多。The emerging pixel-type nano-grating structure based on diffractive optics has high angular modulation accuracy for outgoing light, and a large degree of modulation freedom, which can realize display with a large field of view. However, it has high restrictions on the angle and frequency of the incident beam. In the free-stereoscopic three-dimensional display based on liquid crystal electro-optical deflection, there are certain requirements for the orientation of the backlight source of the liquid crystal device, so as to reduce the phenomenon of crosstalk between different viewpoints. In the three-dimensional display device based on holographic volume grating, the exposure light source mostly adopts parallel light. If the divergence angle of the incident light is large or the direction is deviated during the reproduction process, the corresponding diffraction efficiency will drop rapidly, and the brightness and quality of the image will decrease. Therefore, more and more autostereoscopic display design schemes require directional light sources, which has caused researchers to continue to study directional backlight sources. The design of directional light sources is mainly achieved through microstructure light guide plates and LED light sources, but the microstructure design requires It is high and involves many parameters.
类比激光器可以产生单色性、相干性、方向性和高亮度的光束，本设计考虑采用谐振腔来实现出射光束的选择。谐振腔由两个反射镜组成，可提供轴向 光波模的正反馈和保证输出光束的单模振荡，即出射光束具有方向性和单色性。设计中同时结合了透明自发光显示屏，实现了彩色域显示图像的定向传输，相比传统定向光源的方案，不再局限于使用LCD的背光显示。Analog lasers can produce monochromatic, coherent, directional and high-brightness beams. In this design, a resonator is considered to realize the selection of the outgoing beam. The resonator is composed of two mirrors, which can provide positive feedback of the axial light wave mode and ensure the single-mode oscillation of the output beam, that is, the output beam has directionality and monochromaticity. The design also combines a transparent self-luminous display screen to realize the directional transmission of the color domain display image. Compared with the traditional directional light source solution, it is no longer limited to the use of LCD backlight display.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种定向显示的三维显示装置，可以实现定向显示并且具有厚度小、装置简单、更轻便和大面积的优点。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional display device for directional display, which can realize directional display and has the advantages of small thickness, simple device, lighter weight and large area.
本发明是通过以下技术方案解决的：The present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:
一种定向显示的三维显示装置，所述的三维显示装置包括定向显示器、角度偏折元件，所述的定向显示器包括谐振腔和透明自发光显示器；所述的透明自发光显示器发出的光束在谐振腔中往返后出射到角度偏折元件；所述的谐振腔由位于透明自发光显示器两侧的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜组成；或所述的谐振腔由位于透明自发光显示器两侧上的波长级光学结构组成。A three-dimensional display device for directional display, the three-dimensional display device comprises a directional display and an angle deflecting element, the directional display comprises a resonant cavity and a transparent self-luminous display; the light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display is in resonance The resonant cavity is composed of a total reflection mirror/total reflection film and a partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film located on both sides of the transparent self-luminous display; or the resonant cavity is composed of a A transparent self-emissive display consists of wavelength-scale optical structures on both sides.
透明自发光显示器的每个像素输出具有多个方向的光线，经谐振腔多次反射后，不沿谐振腔轴线方向的光子将会很快逸出腔外，沿轴线方向运动的光子将会在腔内继续前进，在输出侧(如部分反射镜或部分反射膜)出射传播方向一致、频率一致的光束，实现定向显示。Each pixel of the transparent self-luminous display outputs light in multiple directions. After multiple reflections from the resonant cavity, the photons not along the axis of the resonator will quickly escape from the cavity, and the photons moving along the axis will be in the cavity. Continue to move forward in the cavity, and emit light beams with the same propagation direction and frequency on the output side (such as a partial mirror or a partial reflection film) to achieve directional display.
所述的角度偏折元件，可调整偏折出射光束角度，实现自由立体显示；多视点的二维图像经角度偏转元件实现不同视点图像的分离，或采用时分复用，不同时间对应不同的视区，图像经角度偏转元件在不同的时间向不同的视点投射图像，形成多视点的自由立体显示效果。可选的，三维显示装置的技术实现可采用空分复用或时分复用，使得现有角度偏折器件实现的三维显示更加轻薄， 便携，利于集成到智能手机、平板等便携电子设备上；时分复用对显示器的刷新率要求高，而空分复用显示的分辨率随视点的增多而变低。The angle deflecting element can adjust the angle of the deflected outgoing beam to realize free-standing stereoscopic display; the two-dimensional images of multiple viewpoints are separated by the angle deflection element to realize the separation of images from different viewpoints, or time division multiplexing is adopted, and different times correspond to different viewpoints. The image is projected to different viewpoints at different times through the angle deflection element to form a multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display effect. Optionally, space division multiplexing or time division multiplexing can be used for the technical realization of the three-dimensional display device, so that the three-dimensional display realized by the existing angle deflection device is lighter, thinner and more portable, which is convenient for integration into portable electronic devices such as smart phones and tablets; Time division multiplexing has high requirements on the refresh rate of the display, while the resolution of space division multiplexing display becomes lower with the increase of viewpoints.
其中，所述的自发光透明显示器包括OLED、MicroLED等，但不限于此，不同于以单个LED作为激光器的增益介质，自发光透明显示器是阵列化的光源集合，且其可输出彩色图像，实现图像的定向显示。Wherein, the self-luminous transparent display includes OLED, MicroLED, etc., but is not limited to this. Different from a single LED as the gain medium of the laser, the self-luminous transparent display is an arrayed light source collection, and it can output color images. Orientation display of images.
其中，所述的完全反射镜和部分反射镜可采用镀反射膜的方式，或采用环形腔等复杂的谐振腔结构，但不局限于此。完全反射镜和部分反射镜为平面或凹球面反射镜，其中，完全反射镜的反射率接近100％，部分反射镜的反射率略低，且作为输出镜，光束出射。Wherein, the fully reflecting mirror and the partial reflecting mirror may be coated with a reflective film, or a complex resonant cavity structure such as a ring cavity may be used, but it is not limited thereto. The total reflection mirror and the partial reflection mirror are plane or concave spherical mirrors, wherein the reflection rate of the total reflection mirror is close to 100%, and the reflection rate of the partial reflection mirror is slightly lower, and as an output mirror, the light beam exits.
所述的谐振腔中，可采用薄膜制作，构建一个平行平面腔，但不局限于此，在透明自发光显示器两端分别镀制可见光波段的全反射膜和部分反射膜，实现对透明自发光器光束的多次反射，选择谐振方向的光束出射。In the resonant cavity, a thin film can be used to construct a parallel plane cavity, but it is not limited to this. The total reflection film and the partial reflection film in the visible light band are respectively coated on both ends of the transparent self-luminous display to realize the transparent self-luminous display. The multiple reflection of the beam of the device is adopted, and the beam in the resonance direction is selected to exit.
所述的谐振腔中，可采用光学超表面结构，但不局限于此，在透明自发光显示器的两端分别刻蚀亚波长级光学结构，该光学结构已进行理论设计，可实现具有特定反射率的反射特性，透明自发光显示器光束出射后，经其前后的超表面结构实现光线的往复反射，最终使得满足谐振条件的光束出射，实现透明自发光显示器的定向显示。In the resonant cavity, an optical metasurface structure can be used, but it is not limited to this. A subwavelength optical structure is etched at both ends of the transparent self-luminous display. The optical structure has been theoretically designed and can achieve specific reflection. After the light beam is emitted from the transparent self-luminous display, the back and forth reflection of the light is realized by the metasurface structure before and after it, and finally the light beam that meets the resonance condition is emitted, and the directional display of the transparent self-luminous display is realized.
所述的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜分别位于透明自发光显示器单个像素的两侧，构成谐振腔结构；；位于透明自发光显示器的每个像素两侧的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的参数设计在透明自发光显示器的每个像素上均相同；所述参数包括完全反射膜/完全反射镜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的曲率半径、谐振腔的腔长。The total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are respectively located on both sides of a single pixel of the transparent self-luminous display, forming a resonant cavity structure; the total reflection on both sides of each pixel of the transparent self-luminous display The parameters of mirror/total reflection film and partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are designed to be the same on each pixel of the transparent self-emissive display; the parameters include the curvature of total reflection film/total reflection film and partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film Radius, cavity length of the resonator.
所述的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜分别位于透明自 发光显示器单个像素的两侧，构成谐振腔结构；位于透明自发光显示器的每个相同颜色像素两侧的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的参数设计在透明自发光显示器的每个相同颜色像素上均相同，透明自发光显示器的RGB三色像素阵列排布，所述的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的参数设计也随RGB三色像素阵列排布；所述参数包括完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的曲率半径、谐振腔的腔长。The said total reflection mirror/total reflection film and partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are respectively located on both sides of a single pixel of the transparent self-luminous display, forming a resonant cavity structure; The parameters of the mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are designed to be the same on each pixel of the same color of the transparent self-luminous display. The RGB three-color pixel array of the transparent self-luminous display is arranged, and the total reflection The parameter design of the mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film is also arranged with the RGB three-color pixel array; the parameters include the curvature radius of the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film, resonance cavity length.
所述的定向显示中，可实现单色和彩色的显示。单色显示中，全反射镜和部分反射镜的参数设置在透明自发光显示器各个位置均一致，可整体镀膜或刻蚀实现。谐振腔的参数影响其出射光束的输出功率、频率特性、光强分布(模式)、光束发散角，不同波长光线的谐振腔的参数不同，因此彩色显示中，红绿蓝三种颜色需对应不同的谐振腔，因此单个像素下，同时需要单个谐振腔像素。彩色定向显示器中R、G、B三色的对应谐振腔的参数，包括完全反射镜的曲率半径R1和部分反射镜的曲率半径R2以及谐振腔的腔长L，需根据各自波长重新设定，三色光对应的三种谐振腔组合为一个谐振腔像素，与透明自发光显示器三色光像素一一对应，即，单个谐振腔像素对应透明自发光显示器像素，阵列化排布谐振腔像素可实现彩色图像的定向显示。In the directional display, monochrome and color display can be realized. In the monochrome display, the parameters of the total reflection mirror and the partial reflection mirror are consistent in all positions of the transparent self-luminous display, which can be realized by overall coating or etching. The parameters of the resonator affect the output power, frequency characteristics, light intensity distribution (mode), and beam divergence angle of the outgoing beam. The parameters of the resonator for different wavelengths of light are different, so in the color display, the three colors of red, green and blue need to correspond to different Therefore, a single resonator pixel is required at the same time under a single pixel. The parameters of the corresponding resonant cavity of the three colors R, G, and B in the color directional display, including the curvature radius R1 of the total reflection mirror, the curvature radius R2 of the partial reflection mirror, and the cavity length L of the resonant cavity, need to be reset according to their respective wavelengths. The three resonant cavities corresponding to the three colors of light are combined into a resonator pixel, which corresponds to the three-color light pixels of the transparent self-luminous display one-to-one. Orientation display of images.
所述的角度偏折元件选自像素型的纳米光栅、液晶聚合物光栅、电光调制元件或声光调制元件；电光调制元件选自液晶电光角度调制元件。The angle deflection element is selected from pixel-type nano-grating, liquid crystal polymer grating, electro-optic modulation element or acousto-optic modulation element; the electro-optic modulation element is selected from liquid crystal electro-optic angle modulation element.
所述的像素型的纳米光栅包括光栅周期在亚波长量级变化的单个像素大小的光栅组合。定向显示器出射垂直于显示器方向的光束，入射到有连续周期变化的多组纳米光栅上，传播方向发生偏转，利用空分复用技术，不同像素点对应不同方向，可将二维多视角图像调制到不同视区，实现多视场自由立体显示。The pixel-type nano-grating includes a single-pixel-sized grating combination whose grating period varies in the sub-wavelength scale. The directional display emits a light beam perpendicular to the direction of the display, which is incident on multiple groups of nano-gratings with continuous periodic changes, and the propagation direction is deflected. Using the space division multiplexing technology, different pixels correspond to different directions, and the two-dimensional multi-view image can be modulated To different view areas, to achieve multi-field autostereoscopic display.
所述液晶电光角度调制元件包括电压作用下液晶分子发生偏折的液晶器件。 定向显示器出射垂直于显示器方向的光束，入射到光学等效的液晶形貌可来回切换的动态液晶角度偏转器件上，在条状电极的驱动电压的渐变式作用下，液晶中呈现渐变的电场场强，液晶元件的折射率等效光程分布相当于固态透镜的光程分布，可调制光线的出射方向，在不同视区呈现不同的图像，利用时分复用技术或空分复用技术，实现多视点自由立体显示。The liquid crystal electro-optical angle modulation element includes a liquid crystal device in which liquid crystal molecules are deflected under the action of a voltage. The directional display emits a light beam perpendicular to the direction of the display, which is incident on a dynamic liquid crystal angle deflection device with an optically equivalent liquid crystal morphology that can be switched back and forth. Under the gradual action of the driving voltage of the strip electrodes, the liquid crystal presents a gradual electric field Strong, the equivalent optical path distribution of the refractive index of the liquid crystal element is equivalent to the optical path distribution of the solid-state lens, which can modulate the exit direction of the light and present different images in different viewing areas. Multi-view autostereoscopic display.
所述的液晶聚合物光栅包括全息曝光下得到的液晶层和聚合物层交替排列的光栅结构。定向显示器出射的光束垂直入射到像素大小且光栅周期逐渐变化的液晶聚合物光栅上，可实现光线角度的偏折；将此液晶聚合物光栅制作成像素级大小且光栅周期性逐渐变化的结构，利用空分复用技术，将多视点的二维综合图像信息传递到不同的视点上，实现多视点自由立体显示。The liquid crystal polymer grating includes a grating structure in which liquid crystal layers and polymer layers are alternately arranged under holographic exposure. The light beam emitted from the directional display is vertically incident on the liquid crystal polymer grating with the pixel size and the grating period gradually changing, which can realize the deflection of the light angle. Using space division multiplexing technology, the two-dimensional integrated image information of multiple viewpoints is transmitted to different viewpoints to realize multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display.
所述的声光调制元件包括声光介质、电-声换能器和吸声装置。电场控制产生超声波，超声波在介质中传播中，会引起介质的弹性应变在时间和空间上的周期性变化，导致介质中各个位置的折射率随该处的弹性应变发生相应的变化，可视为体光栅。光束经过其将发生布拉格衍射，出射光线的强度、频率、方向等发生变化。定向显示器出射光束垂直入射到声光调制器件上，利用时分复用技术，不同时间内声光调制器内产生不同的折射率变化，即不同时间内声光调制器内的光栅周期不同，声光调制器出射光线偏折方向不同，实现多视点自由立体显示。The acousto-optic modulation element includes an acousto-optic medium, an electro-acoustic transducer and a sound absorption device. The electric field controls the generation of ultrasonic waves. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the medium, it will cause the periodic changes of the elastic strain of the medium in time and space, resulting in a corresponding change in the refractive index of each position in the medium with the elastic strain there, which can be regarded as volume grating. When the light beam passes through it, Bragg diffraction will occur, and the intensity, frequency, and direction of the outgoing light will change. The outgoing beam of the directional display is vertically incident on the acousto-optic modulation device. Using the time-division multiplexing technology, different refractive index changes are generated in the acousto-optic modulator at different times, that is, the grating period in the acousto-optic modulator at different times is different, and the acousto-optic modulator has different periods. The deflection direction of the light emitted by the modulator is different, and the multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display is realized.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1.利用谐振腔实现光线方向的调制，与传统实现光线方向调制相比其厚度大大减小，且其具有相干性、方向性、单色性等一系列重要特征，极易将其应用到以衍射光学为基础实现的三维显示装置中。1. The modulation of the light direction is realized by using the resonant cavity. Compared with the traditional realization of the light direction modulation, its thickness is greatly reduced, and it has a series of important characteristics such as coherence, directionality, and monochromaticity. Diffractive optics-based three-dimensional display devices.
2.OLED等自发光显示器件在三维显示上的应用，相比传统使用LCD实现 的三维显示，其显示对比度、画质、功耗上均占据优势。2. The application of self-luminous display devices such as OLED in three-dimensional display has advantages in display contrast, image quality and power consumption compared with the traditional three-dimensional display realized by LCD.
3.三维显示装置整体透明，可应用于AR显示中。3. The three-dimensional display device is transparent as a whole and can be used in AR display.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例的基于定向显示的三维显示装置的整体结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-dimensional display device based on orientation display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例的单色定向显示器的单个像素的光线传播；2 is the light propagation of a single pixel of a monochrome directional display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施的OLED显示器的多线寻址电路；3 is a multi-line addressing circuit of an OLED display implemented by the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例的彩色定向显示器部分像素的光线传播；4 is the light propagation of some pixels of the color directional display according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例的薄膜形式的定向显示器；FIG. 5 is a directional display in the form of a thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例的基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为像素型的纳米光栅；6 is a three-dimensional display device based on directional display according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the angle deflection element is a pixel-type nano-grating;
图7为本发明实施例的基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为液晶电光角度偏转器件；7 is a three-dimensional display device based on directional display according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the angle deflection element is a liquid crystal electro-optical angle deflection device;
图8为本发明实施例的基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为液晶聚合物光栅；8 is a three-dimensional display device based on directional display according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the angle deflection element is a liquid crystal polymer grating;
图9为本发明实施例的基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为声光调制器件；9 is a three-dimensional display device based on directional display according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the angle deflection element is an acousto-optic modulation device;
其中，1、完全反射镜；2、透明自发光显示器；3、部分反射镜；4、角度偏折器件；5、单色透明自发光显示器的单个像素；6、7、8分别为R、G、B的部分反射镜；9、10、11分别为R、G、B的完全反射镜；12、像素型的纳米光栅；13、液晶电光角度调制器件；14、液晶聚合物光栅；15、声光调制器件。Among them, 1. Total reflection mirror; 2. Transparent self-luminous display; 3. Partial reflection mirror; 4. Angle deflection device; 5. Single pixel of monochrome transparent self-luminous display; 6, 7, 8 are R, G respectively 9, 10, and 11 are the total reflection mirrors of R, G, and B, respectively; 12, pixel-type nano-grating; 13, liquid crystal electro-optical angle modulation device; 14, liquid crystal polymer grating; 15, acoustic light modulation device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清晰，以下结合实施例及其附图 对本发明作进一步说明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
参见图1，基于定向显示的三维显示装置包括谐振腔、透明自发光显示器、角度偏折器件4。定向显示器包括谐振腔和透明自发光显示器2，其中谐振腔包括可见光范围内的完全反射镜1和部分反射镜3，实现对光束的频率和方向性的选择。透明自发光显示器2可选择但不限于OLED、MicroLED。角度偏折器件4可选择但不限于像素型的纳米光栅、液晶电光调制元件、液晶聚合物光栅、其他电光调制器件或声光调制器件。Referring to FIG. 1 , a three-dimensional display device based on directional display includes a resonant cavity, a transparent self-luminous display, and an angle deflection device 4 . The directional display includes a resonant cavity and a transparent self-luminous display 2, wherein the resonant cavity includes a total reflection mirror 1 and a partial reflection mirror 3 in the visible light range, so as to realize the selection of the frequency and directionality of the light beam. The transparent self-luminous display 2 can be selected from but not limited to OLED and MicroLED. The angle deflection device 4 can be selected from, but not limited to, pixel-type nano-gratings, liquid crystal electro-optic modulation elements, liquid crystal polymer gratings, other electro-optic modulation devices or acousto-optic modulation devices.
透明自发光显示器的每个像素点发出光线，在完全反射镜1和部分反射镜3组成的谐振腔中往复反射，只有满足谐振条件光束将垂直于谐振腔表面出射，实现对出射光束方向和频率的选择。出射光束将垂直入射到角度偏折器件4上，角度偏折器件4做像素化处理，出射光线的方向由角度偏折器件4像素的参数决定，定向显示器的图像像素与角度偏折器件4的像素对应匹配，定向显示器显示的图像经角度偏折器件调制，不同视角图像在不同的视区显示，从而实现多视点自由立体显示。Each pixel of the transparent self-luminous display emits light, which is reflected back and forth in the resonant cavity composed of the total reflection mirror 1 and the partial reflection mirror 3. Only when the resonance conditions are met, the light beam will exit perpendicular to the surface of the resonant cavity, realizing the direction and frequency of the outgoing beam. s Choice. The outgoing beam will be vertically incident on the angle deflecting device 4, and the angle deflecting device 4 is pixelated. The direction of the outgoing light is determined by the parameters of the angle deflecting device 4 pixels. Pixel correspondence matching, the image displayed by the directional display is modulated by the angle deflecting device, and images of different viewing angles are displayed in different viewing areas, thereby realizing multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display.
参见图2，单色定向显示器的单个像素5的光线在谐振腔中的往返传播。设谐振腔的完全反射镜1的曲面半径为R1，部分反射镜3的曲面半径为R2，它们的距离相距为L。两镜面曲率中心的连线构成谐振腔的光轴，谐振腔的腔长即为L。由几何光学的光线矩阵分析方法知：Referring to Figure 2, the light rays of a single pixel 5 of a monochromatic directional display travel back and forth in the resonant cavity. Let the radius of the curved surface of the total reflection mirror 1 of the resonator be R1, the radius of the curved surface of the partial reflection mirror 3 be R2, and the distance between them is L. The line connecting the curvature centers of the two mirror surfaces constitutes the optical axis of the resonant cavity, and the cavity length of the resonant cavity is L. According to the ray matrix analysis method of geometric optics:
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000001
其中，r n、θ n分别为n次往返后光线离轴线的距离、该光线与轴线的夹角，r 1、θ 1分别为单色定向显示器的单个像素5的出射光线离轴线的距离、该光线与轴线的夹角，T为傍轴光线在腔内往返一次的总变换矩阵，表示为
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000002
T n为n个往返矩阵T的乘积。当满足如下条件下，傍轴光线能在腔内多次往返 任意多次而不会横向逸出谐振腔外，其中A、D的值与谐振腔的两反射镜的曲率半径和腔长相关。 Among them, rn and θ n are the distance of the light from the axis after n round trips, and the angle between the light and the axis, respectively, and r 1 and θ 1 are the distance of the outgoing light from a single pixel 5 of the monochrome directional display from the axis, respectively. The angle between the ray and the axis, T is the total transformation matrix of the paraxial ray going back and forth in the cavity, expressed as
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000002
T n is the product of n round-trip matrices T. When the following conditions are met, the paraxial light can go back and forth in the cavity for any number of times without laterally escaping the cavity.
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000003
或
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000003
or
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000004
光线在腔镜上反射时，入射波和反射波会发生干涉，多次往复反射就会发生多光束干涉，When light is reflected on the cavity mirror, the incident wave and the reflected wave will interfere, and multiple reciprocating reflections will cause multi-beam interference.
为了在腔内产生稳定振荡，要求发生相长干涉，即光波往返一周后与初始光波同相位。由此：In order to generate stable oscillation in the cavity, constructive interference is required, that is, the light wave is in phase with the initial light wave after one round trip. thus:
L一定的谐振腔只对频率满足如下条件的光波提供正反馈，使之谐振。其中L′为谐振腔的光学长度。A resonant cavity with a certain L only provides positive feedback to the light waves whose frequencies meet the following conditions to make them resonate. where L' is the optical length of the resonator.
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021106624-appb-000005
满足谐振条件的光波将会出射，参见图2所示，光束将沿垂直于谐振腔的方向上出射。The light wave that satisfies the resonance condition will be emitted, as shown in Figure 2, and the light beam will be emitted in the direction perpendicular to the resonant cavity.
参见图3，OLED透明自发光显示器的有源矩阵驱动形式，屏外驱动电路可实现独立控制每个像素点的亮度，再结合单个谐振腔的参数设计可实现对每个像素出射光线的角度调制。有源矩阵驱动的控制可将需要显示的图像或文字分解为一个二维分布的点阵阵列，结合谐振腔使得出射光线方向确定后，可实现定向的图像显示。Referring to Figure 3, the active matrix driving form of the OLED transparent self-emissive display, the off-screen driving circuit can control the brightness of each pixel independently, and combined with the parameter design of a single resonator, the angle modulation of the light emitted by each pixel can be realized . The control of the active matrix drive can decompose the image or text to be displayed into a two-dimensional distributed lattice array, and combined with the resonant cavity, after the direction of the outgoing light is determined, the directional image display can be realized.
参见图4，定向显示器的4个像素对应的光线传输。其中，R、G、B三种颜色的谐振腔(R的部分反射镜6、G的部分反射镜7、B的部分反射镜8、R的完全反射镜9、G的完全反射镜10和B的完全反射镜11)的参数需分别设计，组成一个谐振腔像素，阵列化排布后组成整体谐振腔，实现三种颜色光线的垂直出射，图像将呈现多色域的定向显示。Referring to Figure 4, the light transmission corresponding to 4 pixels of the directional display. Among them, the resonators of R, G, B three colors (R partial mirror 6, G partial mirror 7, B partial mirror 8, R total reflection mirror 9, G total reflection mirror 10 and B The parameters of the total reflection mirror 11) need to be designed separately to form a resonant cavity pixel, which is arranged in an array to form a whole resonant cavity to realize the vertical emission of three colors of light, and the image will present a multi-color gamut directional display.
参见图5，薄膜形式的谐振腔构成的定向显示屏。薄膜形式的谐振腔为平行 平面腔，根据谐振条件确定谐振腔腔长后，在设定位置放置玻璃基板并镀可见光波段完全反射膜和部分反射膜，实现光束的垂直输出。Referring to Figure 5, a directional display screen formed by a resonant cavity in the form of a thin film. The resonant cavity in the form of thin film is a parallel plane cavity. After determining the cavity length of the resonant cavity according to the resonance conditions, a glass substrate is placed at the set position and coated with a total reflection film and a partial reflection film in the visible light band to realize the vertical output of the beam.
参见图6，基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为像素型的纳米光栅12。透明自发光显示器2发出的光束经谐振腔后垂直于谐振腔出射，在像素型的纳米光栅12的角度调制下，实现多视点自由立体显示。像素型的纳米光栅12对定向显示器呈现的二维多视角图像进行出射角度调制，将视角图像分离到各个视点方向，利用空分复用技术，形成多视点自由立体显示。Referring to FIG. 6 , in a three-dimensional display device based on directional display, the angle deflection element is a pixel-type nanograting 12 . The light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonator and exits perpendicularly to the resonator. Under the angle modulation of the pixel-type nano-grating 12 , a multi-view autostereoscopic display is realized. The pixel-type nano-grating 12 modulates the exit angle of the two-dimensional multi-view image presented by the directional display, separates the view image into each viewpoint direction, and uses the space division multiplexing technology to form a multi-view autostereoscopic display.
参见图7，基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为动态液晶电光角度调制器件13。透明自发光显示器2发出的光束经谐振腔后垂直于谐振腔出射，在动态液晶器件的角度调制下，实现多视点自由立体显示。其中普通液晶材料无法实现快速切换，可使用蓝相材料进行动态液晶器件的设计。利用其动态可调的优点，设计动态液晶透镜阵列或动态液晶菲涅尔透镜，但不局限于此，图7所示为动态液晶透镜阵列。显示开始时，定向显示器出射垂直于其表面的光束，液晶透镜在驱动电压的调整下，进行光学等效液晶形貌的来回切换，更具体的，显示过程中前半帧的时间内，液晶透镜的形貌依图7实线所示，此形貌将定向显示屏上的图像投射到对应的视点区域；在后半帧时间内，液晶形貌发生变化，变化后的形貌将显示屏上图像投射到另一视点，在人眼的视觉暂留时间内，观看者将观察到立体显示图像。实现多视点的显示中，可考虑动态液晶透镜的空分复用或显示图像的时分复用，但不局限于此。Referring to FIG. 7 , a three-dimensional display device based on directional display, its angle deflection element is a dynamic liquid crystal electro-optical angle modulation device 13 . The light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonant cavity and then exits perpendicular to the resonant cavity, and under the angle modulation of the dynamic liquid crystal device, a multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display is realized. Among them, ordinary liquid crystal materials cannot achieve fast switching, and blue phase materials can be used to design dynamic liquid crystal devices. Taking advantage of its dynamic tunability, a dynamic liquid crystal lens array or a dynamic liquid crystal Fresnel lens can be designed, but not limited to this. Figure 7 shows a dynamic liquid crystal lens array. When the display starts, the directional display emits a light beam perpendicular to its surface, and the liquid crystal lens switches back and forth with the optically equivalent liquid crystal morphology under the adjustment of the driving voltage. The shape is shown by the solid line in Figure 7. This shape projects the image on the directional display screen to the corresponding viewpoint area; in the second half of the frame, the shape of the liquid crystal changes, and the changed shape projects the image on the display screen. Projected to another viewpoint, the viewer will observe the stereoscopic display image within the visual persistence time of the human eye. To realize multi-viewpoint display, space division multiplexing of dynamic liquid crystal lenses or time division multiplexing of displayed images can be considered, but not limited to this.
参见图8，基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为液晶聚合物光栅14。透明自发光显示器2发出的光束经谐振腔后垂直于谐振腔出射，在液晶聚合物光栅的调制下，实现三维显示。液晶聚合物光栅14是由全息干涉曝光预聚物混合溶液，得到的液晶层与聚合物层交替排列的光栅结构。使用像素型且 光栅周期逐渐变化的液晶聚合物光栅14，当光束垂直入射到液晶聚合物光栅上时，不同像素点上的光向不同方向偏折，二维图像上不同视点的图像信息将传递到对应位置，即利用空分复用实现多视点自由立体显示。Referring to FIG. 8 , a three-dimensional display device based on directional display, its angle deflection element is a liquid crystal polymer grating 14 . The light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonant cavity and then exits perpendicular to the resonant cavity, and three-dimensional display is realized under the modulation of the liquid crystal polymer grating. The liquid crystal polymer grating 14 is a grating structure in which the liquid crystal layer and the polymer layer are alternately arranged by exposing the prepolymer mixed solution by holographic interference. Using a pixel-type liquid crystal polymer grating 14 with a gradually changing grating period, when the light beam is vertically incident on the liquid crystal polymer grating, the light on different pixel points is deflected in different directions, and the image information of different viewpoints on the two-dimensional image will be transmitted. To the corresponding position, that is, using space division multiplexing to realize multi-view auto-stereoscopic display.
参见图9，基于定向显示的三维显示装置，其角度偏折元件为声光调制器件15。透明自发光显示器2发出的光束经谐振腔后垂直于谐振腔出射，在声光调制器件15的作用下，实现立体显示。调制电源产生一定参数的超声波，超声波在声光介质的传播过程中，引起介质的弹性应变在时间和空间上的周期性变化，导致介质中各点的折射率随着该处的弹性应变发生相应的变化，此时声光介质可视为体光栅。定向显示器出射的光经过声光调制器件，将发生衍射现象，衍射光的方向、强度、频率等参数将发生变化。本装置中可采用时分复用或空分复用技术，时分复用技术利用人眼的视觉暂留效应，图像信息在不同的时间经声光调制器件传递至不同方向；空分复用技术中传递的图像信息为二维多视点图，其中不同像素点信息经声光调制器传递至不同的方向。观察者位于不同视点时可观察到不同角度的图像，由此获得三维感知。Referring to FIG. 9 , in the three-dimensional display device based on directional display, the angle deflection element is an acousto-optic modulation device 15 . The light beam emitted by the transparent self-luminous display 2 passes through the resonant cavity and exits perpendicular to the resonant cavity, and under the action of the acousto-optic modulation device 15 , a stereoscopic display is realized. The modulated power supply generates ultrasonic waves with certain parameters. During the propagation of the acousto-optic medium, the ultrasonic waves cause periodic changes in the elastic strain of the medium in time and space, resulting in the refractive index of each point in the medium corresponding to the elastic strain there. At this time, the acousto-optic medium can be regarded as a volume grating. When the light emitted from the directional display passes through the acousto-optic modulation device, diffraction will occur, and parameters such as the direction, intensity, and frequency of the diffracted light will change. Time division multiplexing or space division multiplexing technology can be used in this device. Time division multiplexing technology utilizes the visual persistence effect of human eyes, and image information is transmitted to different directions through acousto-optic modulation devices at different times; in space division multiplexing technology The transmitted image information is a two-dimensional multi-view image, in which different pixel information is transmitted to different directions through the acousto-optic modulator. When the observer is located at different viewpoints, he can observe images from different angles, thereby obtaining three-dimensional perception.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述的三维显示装置包括定向显示器、角度偏折元件，所述的定向显示器包括谐振腔和透明自发光显示器；所述的透明自发光显示器发出的光束在谐振腔中往返后出射到角度偏折元件；所述的谐振腔由位于透明自发光显示器两侧的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜组成；或所述的谐振腔由位于透明自发光显示器两侧上的波长级光学结构组成；A three-dimensional display device for directional display, characterized in that the three-dimensional display device comprises a directional display and an angle deflection element, the directional display comprises a resonant cavity and a transparent self-luminous display; the transparent self-luminous display emits The light beam of the resonator is reciprocated in the resonant cavity and then exits to the angle deflecting element; the resonant cavity is composed of a total reflection mirror/total reflection film and a partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film located on both sides of the transparent self-luminous display; or the described The resonant cavity consists of wavelength-scale optical structures located on both sides of the transparent self-luminous display;
    所述的角度偏折元件，可调整偏折出射光束角度，实现自由立体显示；多视点的二维图像经角度偏转元件实现不同视点图像的分离，或采用时分复用，不同时间对应不同的视区，图像经角度偏转元件在不同的时间向不同的视点投射图像，形成多视点的自由立体显示效果；The angle deflecting element can adjust the angle of the deflected outgoing beam to realize free-standing stereoscopic display; the two-dimensional images of multiple viewpoints are separated by the angle deflection element to realize the separation of images from different viewpoints, or time division multiplexing is adopted, and different times correspond to different viewpoints. The image is projected to different viewpoints at different times through the angle deflection element to form a multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display effect;
    所述波长级光学结构已进行理论设计，可实现具有特定反射率的反射特性，透明自发光显示器光束出射后，经其前后的超表面结构实现光线的往复反射，最终使得满足谐振条件的光束出射，实现透明自发光显示器的定向显示。The wavelength-level optical structure has been theoretically designed to achieve reflection characteristics with a specific reflectivity. After the transparent self-luminous display beam exits, the back and forth reflection of the light is realized by the metasurface structure before and after it, and finally the beam that meets the resonance condition is emitted. , to realize the directional display of transparent self-luminous display.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜分别位于透明自发光显示器单个像素的两侧，构成谐振腔结构；位于透明自发光显示器的每个像素两侧的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的参数设计均相同；所述参数包括完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的曲率半径、谐振腔的腔长。The three-dimensional display device for directional display according to claim 1, wherein the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are respectively located on both sides of a single pixel of the transparent self-luminous display, forming a resonance Cavity structure; the parameter designs of the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film on both sides of each pixel of the transparent self-luminous display are the same; the parameters include the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection The radius of curvature of the mirror/partially reflective film, the cavity length of the resonator.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜分别位于透明自发光显示器单个像素的两侧，构成谐振腔结构；位于透明自发光显示器的每个相同颜色像素两侧的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的参数设计均相同，透明自发光显示器的RGB三色像素阵列排布，所述的完全反射镜/完全反射膜和 部分反射镜/部分反射膜的参数设计也随RGB三色像素阵列排布；所述参数包括完全反射镜/完全反射膜和部分反射镜/部分反射膜的曲率半径、谐振腔的腔长。The three-dimensional display device for directional display according to claim 1, wherein the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film are respectively located on both sides of a single pixel of the transparent self-luminous display, forming a resonance Cavity structure; the parameter design of the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film on both sides of each pixel of the same color of the transparent self-luminous display are the same, and the RGB three-color pixel array of the transparent self-luminous display is arranged , the parameter design of the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection film is also arranged with the RGB three-color pixel array; the parameters include the total reflection mirror/total reflection film and the partial reflection mirror/partial reflection The radius of curvature of the membrane, the cavity length of the resonant cavity.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述的角度偏折元件选自像素型的纳米光栅、液晶聚合物光栅、电光调制元件或声光调制元件；电光调制元件选自液晶电光角度调制元件。The three-dimensional display device for directional display according to claim 1, wherein the angle deflection element is selected from the group consisting of pixel-type nano-gratings, liquid crystal polymer gratings, electro-optic modulation elements or acousto-optic modulation elements; electro-optic modulation elements Selected from liquid crystal electro-optical angle modulation elements.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述的像素型的纳米光栅包括光栅周期在亚波长量级变化的单个像素大小的光栅组合。The three-dimensional display device for directional display according to claim 4, wherein the pixel-type nano-grating comprises a single-pixel-sized grating combination whose grating period varies in the sub-wavelength level.
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶电光角度调制元件包括电压作用下液晶分子发生偏折的液晶器件。The three-dimensional display device for directional display according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal electro-optical angle modulation element comprises a liquid crystal device in which liquid crystal molecules are deflected under the action of a voltage.
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述的液晶聚合物光栅包括全息曝光下得到的液晶层和聚合物层交替排列的光栅结构。The three-dimensional display device for directional display according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal polymer grating comprises a grating structure in which the liquid crystal layer and the polymer layer are alternately arranged under holographic exposure.
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的定向显示的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述的声光调制元件包括声光介质、电-声换能器和吸声装置。The three-dimensional display device for directional display according to claim 4, wherein the acousto-optic modulation element comprises an acousto-optic medium, an electro-acoustic transducer and a sound absorption device.
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