WO2022091363A1 - Filtration system and filtration device - Google Patents

Filtration system and filtration device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022091363A1
WO2022091363A1 PCT/JP2020/040886 JP2020040886W WO2022091363A1 WO 2022091363 A1 WO2022091363 A1 WO 2022091363A1 JP 2020040886 W JP2020040886 W JP 2020040886W WO 2022091363 A1 WO2022091363 A1 WO 2022091363A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
potential
filtration device
filtration
filter chamber
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PCT/JP2020/040886
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
一樹 大森
Original Assignee
三菱化工機株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 三菱化工機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱化工機株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2020/040886 priority Critical patent/WO2022091363A1/en
Priority to EP21875304.4A priority patent/EP4205828A4/en
Priority to CN202180066993.0A priority patent/CN116390795B/en
Priority to AU2021354361A priority patent/AU2021354361B2/en
Priority to CA3194303A priority patent/CA3194303A1/en
Priority to KR1020237010739A priority patent/KR20230090316A/en
Priority to JP2022505363A priority patent/JP7117471B1/en
Priority to US18/029,012 priority patent/US20230294023A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2021/034434 priority patent/WO2022071002A1/en
Priority to TW110135519A priority patent/TWI816184B/en
Publication of WO2022091363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022091363A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/06—Filters making use of electricity or magnetism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filtration system and a filtration device.
  • Solid-liquid separation by filtration of a particle-fluid slurry a method of separating a particle and a liquid to be separated by using electro-osmosis or electrophoresis is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • Solid-liquid separation using electroosmosis is a method in which voltage and pressure are applied to a cake layer sandwiched between electrodes, and water in the cake layer is expelled through a filter medium by electroosmosis.
  • the solid-liquid separation using electrophoresis is a method in which the particles in the slurry are moved by electrophoresis and brought into direct contact with the filter medium to separate the particles in the slurry.
  • the method of directly contacting the particles in the slurry with the filter medium for solid-liquid separation may cause a decrease in the filtration rate due to clogging of the filter medium.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a filtration system and a filtration device capable of improving the filtration rate.
  • the filtration system includes a first filtration device and a second filtration device, and the first filtration device and the second filtration device are each provided with a plurality of first openings.
  • a filter medium provided between the two, a first filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the first electrode, a third electrode provided in the first filter chamber and facing the first electrode, and the said. It has a second filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode, and the intermediate treatment liquid in the second filter chamber of the first filtration device is supplied to the first filter chamber of the second filtration device. Will be done.
  • the filtration system and the filtration device of the present invention it is possible to improve the filtration rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a filtration system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the second filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the third filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configurations of the first electrode, the filter medium, and the second electrode.
  • FIG. 7 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram showing a first filtration device, a second filtration device, and a third filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the filtration device according to the second embodiment.
  • the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments for carrying out the following inventions (hereinafter referred to as embodiments).
  • the components in the first embodiment described below include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that have a so-called equal range. Further, the components disclosed in the following embodiments can be appropriately combined.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the filtration system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • the first particles 71, the second particles 75, and the second particles 75 are obtained from the slurry (stock solution) 70 in which the first particles 71, the second particles 75, and the third particles 74 are dispersed in the polar solvent 72.
  • a device for separating the third particle 74 can be applied to the life science field, the sewage treatment field, the wastewater treatment field, and the like.
  • the bio-industry for culturing microorganisms such as cultured cells, microalgae, bacteria, bacteria, and viruses, and the utilization and application of enzymes, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc. produced by cultured microorganisms outside and inside the body. It can be applied to the biopharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, which are the fields, or the beverage industry, which deals with brewing, fermentation, squeezing, beverages, and the like. In the fields of sewage treatment and wastewater treatment, it is a fine biomass water-based slurry that is difficult to filter and can be applied to the separation of biomass particles.
  • the filtration system 200 is a colloidal particle-based slurry in which surface-charged fine particles are highly dispersed by an electric repulsive action, and can be applied to a concentrated recovery application of colloidal fine particles.
  • the filtration system 200 according to the first embodiment includes a first filtration device 91, a second filtration device 92, a third filtration device 93, a first pressurizing device 95, and a second addition.
  • a pressure device 96, a third pressurizing device 97, and a fourth pressurizing device 98 are provided.
  • the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 are connected in series.
  • Each of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 has an upper housing 11, a lid portion 12, a side housing 13, a lower housing 14, and a conductor 15.
  • Each of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 further has a first filter chamber in an internal space surrounded by an upper housing 11, a side housing 13, and a lower housing 14. It has 30, a first electrode 31, a second electrode 32, a third electrode 33, and a filter medium 34 (see FIGS. 3 to 5).
  • Each of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 further has a first power supply 51 electrically connected to the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, and the third electrode 33. , A second power source 52 and a third power source 53.
  • the upper housing 11 is a columnar member made of an insulating material.
  • the side housing 13 is an annular member made of an insulating material and having a through hole. A part of the lower end side of the upper housing 11 is inserted into the through hole of the side housing 13.
  • the lower housing 14 is made of an insulating material and supports the side housing 13.
  • the lid portion 12 is provided so as to cover the upper surface of the upper housing 11.
  • the outer edges of the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34 are sandwiched and fixed between the side housing 13 and the lower housing 14.
  • the third electrode 33 is fixed to the lower surface of the upper housing 11 (the surface facing the lower housing 14) by a connecting member (not shown) such as a bolt, and is located inside the through hole of the side housing 13. .
  • the conductor 15 is an annular member provided so as to surround the periphery of the side housing 13, and is provided between the side housing 13 and the lower housing 14. The lower end side of the conductor 15 is connected to the outer edge of the first electrode 31.
  • the upper housing 11 and the side housing 13 are fixed by the guide portion 21a. Further, the side housing 13, the lower housing 14, and the conductor 15 are fixed by bolts 21b and 21c. As a result, the position of each housing is fixed, and the first filter chamber is in the space surrounded by the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the filter medium 34, the inner wall of the side housing 13, and the third electrode 33. 30 is formed. Further, sealing members such as O-rings are provided at the connection portions between the housings and the electrodes, and the first filter chamber 30 is hermetically provided. Further, the upper housing 11 is provided so that the distance from the lower housing 14 can be adjusted. As a result, the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 can appropriately set the volume of the first filter chamber 30 according to the type and amount of the slurry (stock solution) 70.
  • the upper housing 11 is provided with a slurry supply passage 11a, an exhaust passage 11b, and a through hole 11c.
  • One end side of the slurry supply passage 11a opens on the side surface of the upper housing 11 and is connected to the slurry supply unit 16.
  • the other end side of the slurry supply passage 11a is opened on the lower surface of the upper housing 11 and is provided so as to be connected to the through hole 33a of the third electrode 33.
  • the slurry supply valve 17 has a rod-shaped member provided inside the slurry supply passage 11a, and the rod-shaped member moves vertically in the slurry supply passage 11a to switch the open / closed state of the through hole 33a. ..
  • the through hole 33a is opened by the operation of the slurry supply valve 17, the slurry (stock solution) 70 passes through the slurry supply unit 16, the slurry supply passage 11a, and the through hole 33a of the third electrode 33. It is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the first filtration device 91.
  • the through hole 33a is closed by the slurry supply valve 17, the supply of the slurry (stock solution) 70 to the first filter chamber 30 of the first filtration device 91 is stopped.
  • the air exhaust valve 19 has a rod-shaped member provided inside the exhaust passage 11b, and the rod-shaped member moves vertically in the exhaust passage 11b to switch the open / closed state of the through hole 33b.
  • the air discharge valve 19 opens the through hole 33b.
  • the air in the first filter chamber 30 is exhausted to the outside through the through hole 33b, the exhaust passage 11b, and the air exhaust portion 18.
  • An air discharge valve 18a is connected to the air discharge unit 18.
  • the air discharge valve 18a is, for example, a float valve, and is provided so that the air discharge valve 18a is closed when a predetermined amount of air in the first filter chamber 30 is exhausted.
  • the air discharge valve 19 closes the through hole 33b.
  • a predetermined pressure is applied to the slurry (stock solution) 70 filled in the first filter chamber 30 by the first pressurizing device 95 via the slurry supply unit 16.
  • One end side of the through hole 11c opens on the upper surface of the upper housing 11.
  • the other end side of the through hole 11c is opened on the lower surface of the upper housing 11 and is provided so as to be connected to the recess 33c of the third electrode 33.
  • a connecting conductor 56 is inserted into the through hole 11c, and the connecting conductor 56 and the third electrode 33 are connected by a recess 33c.
  • the third electrode 33 is electrically connected to the first terminal 53a of the third power supply 53 via the connecting conductor 56.
  • the first electrode 31 is electrically connected to the second terminal 51b of the first power supply 51 via the conductor 15 and the connecting conductor 54. Further, the first electrode 31 is electrically connected to the first terminal 52a of the second power supply 52 via the conductor 15 and the connecting conductor 55a.
  • the second terminal 53b of the third power supply 53 and the first terminal 51a of the first power supply 51 are connected to the reference potential GND.
  • the reference potential GND is, for example, a ground potential. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the reference potential GND may be a predetermined fixed potential.
  • the lower housing 14 is provided with a concave second filter chamber 35, through holes 14a and 14b, and a connection hole 14c.
  • the second filter chamber 35 is provided on the upper surface of the lower housing 14 at a position overlapping the first filter chamber 30.
  • the through hole 14a connects the second filter chamber 35 and the discharge portion 22.
  • a repulsive force acts on the first particles 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the first particles 71.
  • the slurry (stock solution) 70 from which the first particles 71 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34.
  • the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a in the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 is guided to the discharge unit 22.
  • the discharge unit 22 of the first filtration device 91 is connected to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92 via the second pressurizing device 96.
  • the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92.
  • a repulsive force acts on the second particles 75 of the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the second particles 75.
  • the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a from which the second particles 75 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34.
  • the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the second filter chamber 35 of the second filtration device 92 is guided to the discharge unit 22.
  • the discharge unit 22 of the second filtration device 92 is connected to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93 via the third pressurizing device 97.
  • the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93.
  • a repulsive force acts on the third particles 74 of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the third particles 74.
  • the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b from which the third particles 74 are separated flows to the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34.
  • the filtrate 79c in the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtration device 93 is guided to the discharge unit 22.
  • the discharge unit 22 of the third filtration device 93 is connected to the tank 80 via the fourth pressurizing device 98.
  • the filtrate 79c is supplied to the tank 80.
  • the filtrate 79c is a polar solvent 72.
  • the first pressurizing device 95 pressurizes the slurry (stock solution) 70 stored in the tank 80 and supplies it to the first filter chamber 30 of the first filtration device 91.
  • the second pressurizing device 96 pressurizes the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a discharged from the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 and supplies it to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92.
  • the third pressurizing device 97 pressurizes the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b discharged from the second filter chamber 35 of the second filtration device 92 and supplies it to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93.
  • the fourth pressurizing device 98 pressurizes the filtrate 79c discharged from the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtering device 93 and returns it to the tank 80.
  • the first pressurizing device 95, the second pressurizing device 96, the third pressurizing device 97 and the fourth pressurizing device 98 are, for example, a pressurizing pump. Transporting the liquid using the fourth pressurizing device 98 and piping is also called a fluid conveyor.
  • the fourth pressurizing device 98 circulates the particles in the system using the clear polar solvent 72 as the transport fluid.
  • diafiltration a method of recovering a separation target in the slurry (stock solution) 70 by filtering while adding a solvent in the same amount as the amount of the filtrate in the slurry (stock solution) 70
  • a solvent in the same amount as the amount of the filtrate in the slurry (stock solution) 70
  • connection hole 14c One end side of the connection hole 14c is opened on the upper surface of the lower housing 14, and the outer edge of the second electrode 32 is provided so as to cover the connection hole 14c. Further, the other end side of the connection hole 14c opens on the side surface of the lower housing 14. A connecting conductor 55b is inserted into the connecting hole 14c, and the connecting conductor 55b and the second electrode 32 are connected to each other. As a result, the second electrode 32 is electrically connected to the second terminal 52b of the second power supply 52.
  • the configurations of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 shown in FIG. 2 are merely examples, and the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, and the filter medium 34 (see FIG. 3). ) And the first filter chamber 30 sandwiched between the third electrode 33 and the like, any configuration may be used.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the second filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the third filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 in order to make the explanation easy to understand, the arrangement relationship between the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33 and the filter medium 34, and the first filter chamber 30 and the second filter chamber 35 is shown. It is shown schematically.
  • the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are mesh-shaped electrodes.
  • the first electrode 31 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 31a, and a plurality of first openings 31b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 31a.
  • the second electrode 32 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 32a, and a plurality of second openings 32b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a.
  • the second electrode 32 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the first electrode 31 via the filter medium 34.
  • the filter medium 34 is provided between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.
  • the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are provided in direct contact with the filter medium 34.
  • the plurality of conductive thin wires 31a and the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive materials, and may be, for example, metal or carbon fiber.
  • the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are not limited to the configuration in which they are in direct contact with the filter medium 34, and may be arranged with a gap between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.
  • the filter medium 34 includes a filtration membrane 34a and an opening 34b.
  • the filtration membrane 34a is provided with a plurality of openings 34b.
  • An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 34a.
  • a microfiltration membrane MF membrane (Microfiltration Membrane)
  • the filter medium 34 is formed of an insulating material such as a resin material.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31, the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32, and the opening 34b of the filter medium 34 are shown to have the same size, but for the sake of explanation only. It is schematically shown, and the sizes of the first opening 31b, the second opening 32b, and the opening 34b may be different.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configurations of the first electrode, the filter medium, and the second electrode.
  • the diameter D3 of the opening 34b provided in the filter medium 34 is smaller than the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31, and the diameter D1 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32. It is smaller than the diameter D2.
  • the arrangement pitch of the plurality of conductive thin wires 31a, the arrangement pitch of the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a, and the arrangement pitch of the filtration membrane 34a are provided differently from each other.
  • the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, for example, about 70 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter D2 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, for example, about 100 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter D3 of the plurality of openings 34b provided on the filter medium 34 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 7 ⁇ m or less.
  • the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31 is smaller than the diameter D2 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31 may be formed to have the same size as the diameter D2 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32.
  • the opening 34b of the filter medium 34 is provided non-superimposing with the plurality of conductive thin wires 31a and the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a at least in the region overlapping the first opening 31b and the second opening 32b.
  • the distance between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 is defined by the thickness of the filter medium 34.
  • the third electrode 33 is a plate-shaped member, and is provided so as to face the other surface (upper surface) of the first electrode 31 with the first filter chamber 30 interposed therebetween.
  • the through holes 33a and 33b and the recess 33c (see FIG. 2) of the third electrode 33 are not shown.
  • the first filter chamber 30 is provided in contact with the other surface (upper surface) of the first electrode 31.
  • the first filter chamber 30 is supplied with the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing the first particles 71, the second particles 75, the third particles 74, and the polar solvent 72 to be separated.
  • the first particles 71 are, for example, biomass particles or colloidal particles, and the surface of the particles is negatively charged.
  • the first particle 71 is chlorella, microalgae spirulina, colloidal silica, Escherichia coli, sewage activated sludge, or the like.
  • the diameter of the first particle 71 varies depending on the technical field to which it is applied and the type of separation target, but is 100 nm or more and 2000 ⁇ m or less, for example, 200 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • the second particle 75 is, for example, a high molecular weight polysaccharide, and the surface of the particle is negatively charged.
  • the diameter of the second particle 75 is smaller than the diameter of the first particle 71.
  • the diameter of the second particle 75 varies depending on the technical field to which it is applied and the type of separation target, but is 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, for example, about 100 nm.
  • the third particle 74 is, for example, a low molecular weight polysaccharide, and the surface of the particle is negatively charged.
  • the diameter of the third particle 74 is smaller than the diameter of the second particle 75.
  • the diameter of the third particle 74 varies depending on the technical field to which it is applied and the type of separation target, but is 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, for example, about 20 nm.
  • the polar solvent 72 in which the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 are dispersed is water, and some water molecules 73 are positively charged. As a result, the slurry (stock solution) 70 is in an electrically equilibrium state as a whole.
  • the polar solvent 72 is not limited to water, and may be alcohol or the like.
  • the first power source 51 supplies the first electrode 31 with a first potential V1 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74.
  • the first potential V1 in the first filtration device 91 is, for example, ⁇ 20 V.
  • the first potential V1 in the second filtration device 92 is, for example, ⁇ 40 V.
  • the first potential V1 in the third filtration device 93 is, for example, ⁇ 60 V.
  • the second power source 52 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the second electrode 32, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1.
  • Two potentials V2 are supplied.
  • the second potential V2 in the first filtration device 91 is, for example, ⁇ 30 V.
  • the second potential V2 in the second filtration device 92 is, for example, ⁇ 50 V.
  • the second potential V2 in the third filtration device 93 is, for example, ⁇ 70 V.
  • the third power source 53 supplies the third electrode 33 with a third potential V3 having a polarity different from that of the first particle 71.
  • the third potential V3 in the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 is, for example, + 30V.
  • the first potential V1, the second potential V2, and the third potential can be set in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less in absolute value.
  • the first potential difference (50V) between the first potential V1 (-20V) of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 (+ 30V) of the third electrode 33 is the first potential V1 (-20V).
  • the second potential difference (10V) between the second potential V2 (-30V) of the second electrode 32 is the first potential V1 (-20V).
  • the first potential difference (70V) between the first potential V1 (-40V) of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 (+ 30V) of the third electrode 33 is the first potential V1 (-40V).
  • the second potential difference (10V) between the second potential V2 (-50V) of the second electrode 32 is the first potential V1 (-40V).
  • the first potential difference (90V) between the first potential V1 (-60V) of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 (+ 30V) of the third electrode 33 is the first potential V1 (-60V).
  • the second potential difference (10V) between the second potential V2 (-70V) of the second electrode 32 is the first potential V1 (-60V).
  • the first potential difference (70V) in the second filtration device 92 is larger than the first potential difference (50V) in the first filtration device 91.
  • the first potential difference (90V) in the third filtration device 93 is larger than the first potential difference (50V) in the first filtration device 91 and the first potential difference (70V) in the second filtration device 92.
  • FIG. 7 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram showing a first filtration device, a second filtration device, and a third filtration device according to the first embodiment.
  • the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 are constant voltage sources
  • the second power supply 52 is a constant current source.
  • the resistance component R1 and the capacitance component C are connected in parallel between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.
  • the resistance component R1 and the capacitance component C are components equivalently represented by the filter medium 34 provided with a large number of openings 34b.
  • the resistance component R2 is connected between the first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33.
  • the resistance component R2 is a resistance component equivalently represented by the slurry (stock solution) 70 of the first filter chamber 30, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b.
  • the second power supply 52 may be a constant voltage power supply or a constant current power supply.
  • the second power source 52 since the second power source 52 is a constant current source, it depends on the filtration state of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93, that is, the resistance component of the filter medium 34.
  • the second potential V2 changes according to the fluctuation of the resistance component R2 of R1 and the first filter chamber 30.
  • the second potential V2 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74, and maintains a value larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1.
  • the negatively charged first particles 71 and the first electrode are based on Coulomb's law. A repulsive force is generated between the 31 and the 31. Further, an attractive force is generated between the negatively charged first particle 71 and the third electrode 33.
  • q1 and q2 are electric charges, and s is the distance between the electric charges. That is, the smaller the distance s, the larger the Coulomb force F acts on the first particle 71.
  • a stronger repulsive force is generated in the first particle 71 located near the first electrode 31, and the first particle 71 located near the third electrode 33 is generated.
  • a stronger attractive force is generated.
  • the repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the first particle 71 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 31 and approaching the third electrode 33.
  • the negatively charged first particle 71 moves to the third electrode 33 side by electrophoresis.
  • the first filtration device 91 can prevent the first particles 71 from accumulating on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34 to form a cake layer. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the filtration resistance of the opening 34b of the filter medium 34.
  • the positively charged water molecule 73 generates an attractive force with the first electrode 31.
  • the attractive force acting on the positively charged water molecule 73 acts in the direction indicated by the arrow F2, that is, in the direction from the third electrode 33 toward the first electrode 31.
  • the positively charged water molecule 73 moves to the first electrode 31 side.
  • an electric field is formed from the first electrode 31 to the second electrode 32 so as to penetrate the filter medium 34 in the thickness direction due to the potential difference between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.
  • the water molecule 73 that has moved to the first electrode 31 side receives a force by the electric field, is pulled toward the second electrode 32 side, and passes through the filter medium 34. With the movement of the positively charged water molecule 73, the uncharged water molecule is also dragged toward the second electrode 32, and an electroosmotic flow is formed. As a result, the polar solvent 72 containing the positively charged water molecule 73 flows into the second filter chamber 35. As described above, the first particle 71 is separated from the first electrode 31 by electrophoresis and moved to the third electrode 33 side, and the polar solvent 72 from which the first particle 71 is separated is discharged. , The concentration of the first particle 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 30 can be increased.
  • the particle level (particle diameter) passing through the filter medium 34 can also be controlled.
  • a barrier electric field is formed between the electrode 32 and the electrode 32.
  • the first filtration device 91 suppresses the passage of the first particle 71 through the filter medium 34, and allows the second particle 75 and the third particle 74 to pass through the filter medium 34. Therefore, the concentration of the first particles 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 30 can be increased.
  • the ultrafiltration membrane is controlled by the electric field control between the electrodes of the first power supply 51, the second power supply 52, and the third power supply 53.
  • the particle size to be separated can be changed to the equivalent of (UF membrane) or nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane).
  • the ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane) is a filtration membrane having an opening diameter of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
  • the nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane) is a filtration membrane having an opening diameter of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
  • a stronger repulsive force is generated in the second particle 75 located near the first electrode 31, and the second particle 75 located near the third electrode 33. Generates a stronger attractive force.
  • the repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the second particle 75 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 31 and closer to the third electrode 33.
  • the negatively charged second particle 75 moves to the third electrode 33 side by electrophoresis.
  • the second filtration device 92 can prevent the second particles 75 from accumulating on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34 to form a cake layer. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the filtration resistance of the opening 34b of the filter medium 34.
  • a barrier electric field is formed between the electrode 32 and the electrode 32.
  • a stronger repulsive force is generated in the third particle 74 located near the first electrode 31, and the third particle 74 located near the third electrode 33. Generates a stronger attractive force.
  • the repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the third particle 74 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 31 and closer to the third electrode 33.
  • the negatively charged third particle 74 moves to the third electrode 33 side by electrophoresis.
  • the third filtration device 93 can prevent the third particles 74 from accumulating on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34 to form a cake layer. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the filtration resistance of the opening 34b of the filter medium 34.
  • a barrier electric field is formed between the electrode 32 and the electrode 32.
  • the third filtration device 93 prevents the third particles 74 from passing through the filter medium 34. Therefore, the concentration of the third particles 74 of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the first filter chamber 30 can be increased.
  • the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle are placed between the first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33.
  • the water molecule 73 is moved by the electrophoresis that moves 74 by the Coulomb force F (the repulsive force generated between the first particle 71 and the first electrode 31) and the electric field between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.
  • the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 can be separated by combining with the electric permeation that allows the filter medium 34 to pass through.
  • the first electrode 31 also serves as an electrode for electrophoresis and an electrode for electroosmosis.
  • the first particle 71 in each of the first filter chambers 30 is compared with the method of simply applying pressure to the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, and the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b.
  • the enrichment of the second particle 75 and the third particle 74 can be increased.
  • the frequency of cleaning and replacement of the filter medium 34 can be reduced, and the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b can be efficiently filtered.
  • the volume of the first filter chamber 30 is reduced as compared with the case where pressure is simply applied to the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b to perform filtration, and the filter medium 34 is used. Even if the area of the above is reduced, the same level of filtration speed as before can be achieved. That is, the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 can be miniaturized.
  • the configurations of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 described above are merely examples and can be changed as appropriate.
  • the negative electrode filter plate formed by laminating the first electrode 31, the filter medium 34, and the second electrode 32 and the third electrode 33 are arranged so as to face each other in a parallel plate shape.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the negative electrode filter plate formed by laminating the first electrode 31, the filter medium 34 and the second electrode 32 and the third electrode 33 may each have a curved surface.
  • the shape and arrangement of the negative electrode filter plate and the third electrode 33 can be appropriately changed according to the shape and structure of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93.
  • the concentrations of the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, and the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b supplied to the first filter chamber 30 are not particularly limited, and the first filtration device 91 and the second filtration device It can be changed depending on the field to which the 92 and the third filtration device 93 are applied.
  • the internal pressure of the first filter chamber 30 is pressurized and is larger than the internal pressure of the second filter chamber 35.
  • the internal pressure of the first filter chamber 30 is made relatively larger than the internal pressure of the second filter chamber 35 by applying a negative pressure by vacuuming the internal pressure of the second filter chamber 35 or the like. You may do so.
  • first potential V1, the second potential V2, and the third potential V3 are appropriately changed according to the types of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 to be separated, and the required filtration characteristics. Is preferable.
  • the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 do not have to include the third power supply 53.
  • the third electrode 33 is connected to, for example, the reference potential GND.
  • the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the second filtration device 92 are compared with the case where a power source is provided for each of the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, and the third electrode 33. 3
  • the size of the filtration device 93 can be reduced.
  • the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, and the filtrate 79c discharged from the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 are not necessarily conveyed by the pressurizing device. It may also be transported manually, for example by an operator. That is, the filtration method using the filtration system 200 includes a step of supplying the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a of the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92, and a second.
  • the step of supplying the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b of the second filter chamber 35 of the filtration device 92 to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93 and the filtrate 79c of the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtration device 93. May have a step of returning to the tank 80.
  • the filtration system 200 of the first embodiment includes a first filtration device 91 and a second filtration device 92.
  • the first filtration device 91 and the second filtration device 92 are each provided with a first electrode 31 provided with a plurality of first openings 31b and a plurality of second openings 32b with one surface of the first electrode 31.
  • a second electrode 32 provided so as to face each other, a filter medium 34 provided between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 provided with a plurality of third opening 34b ports, and the other of the first electrode 31.
  • a first filter chamber 30 provided in contact with a surface, a third electrode 33 provided in the first filter chamber 30 facing the first electrode 31, and a second filter provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode 32. It has a filter chamber 35 and.
  • the intermediate treatment liquid (first intermediate treatment liquid 79a) of the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92.
  • the Coulomb force F (the first particle 71 and the first electrode 31) generated in the particles between the first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33
  • the particles move in the direction from the first electrode 31 to the third electrode 33 due to the repulsive force generated between them.
  • electrophoresis it is possible to suppress the formation of a cake layer on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34.
  • particles can be separated by electroosmosis in which water molecules 73 are moved by an electric field between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 and permeate through the filter medium 34, and the slurry (stock solution) in the first filter chamber 30.
  • the concentration of 70 particles can be increased.
  • the filtration rate can be improved several to 10 times or more as compared with the method of simply applying pressure to the slurry (stock solution) 70 to separate particles having a particle size larger than the opening 34b of the filter medium 34. can.
  • the absolute value of the second potential V2 of the second electrode 32 is larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1 of the first electrode 31.
  • the first potential difference between the first potential V1 and the third potential V3 of the third electrode 33 is larger than the second potential difference between the first potential V1 and the second potential V2.
  • the first potential difference in the second filtration device 92 is larger than the first potential difference in the first filtration device 91.
  • the first particle 71 can be moved to the third electrode 33 side. Further, different particles are separated in each of the first filtration device 91 and the second filtration device 92.
  • the filtration system 200 can separately separate the first particles 71 and the second particles 75 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing the two types of particles.
  • the filtration system 200 is a first for supplying the intermediate treatment liquid (first intermediate treatment liquid 79a) of the second filter chamber 35 in the first filtration device 91 to the first filter chamber 30 in the second filtration device 92. 2
  • the pressurizing device 96 is further provided.
  • the pressure of the first filter chamber 30 in the second filtration device 92 can be increased. Therefore, the filtration system 200 can further improve the filtration rate of the second filtration device 92.
  • the filtration system 200 further includes a third filtration device 93.
  • the third filtration device 93 is provided with a first electrode 31 provided with a plurality of first openings 31b and a second electrode 31 provided with a plurality of second openings 32b facing the one surface of the first electrode 31.
  • the two electrodes 32 and a plurality of openings 34b are provided, and the filter medium 34 provided between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 is provided in contact with the other surface of the first electrode 31.
  • the first potential difference between the first potential V1 of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 of the third electrode 33 is the second potential V2 between the first potential V1 and the second electrode 32. Greater than 2 potential differences.
  • the intermediate treatment liquid (second intermediate treatment liquid 79b) of the second filter chamber 35 in the second filtration device 92 is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 in the third filtration device 93.
  • the first potential difference in the third filtration device 93 is larger than the first potential difference in the second filtration device 92.
  • the filtration system 200 can separately separate the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing three kinds of particles.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
  • the same components as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted.
  • the filtration system 200A includes a first filtration device 91A, a second filtration device 92A, and a third filtration device 93A connected in series. Be prepared.
  • Each of the first filtration device 91A, the second filtration device 92A, and the third filtration device 93A has a housing 20, four filtration units 100 arranged inside the housing 20, a second filter chamber 35, and two. It includes one first power source 51, two second power sources 52, and two third power sources 53.
  • the four filtration units 100 include a filtration unit 101, a filtration unit 102, a filtration unit 105, and a filtration unit 106.
  • the filtration unit 101 and the filtration unit 102 are arranged side by side in one direction X.
  • the filtration unit 105 and the filtration unit 106 are arranged side by side in one direction X.
  • the filtration unit 101 and the filtration unit 105 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y orthogonal to the one direction X.
  • the filtration unit 102 and the filtration unit 106 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y.
  • Each filtration unit 100 has a first filter chamber 30, a first electrode 31, a second electrode 32, a third electrode 33, and a filter medium 34.
  • the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33, and the filter medium 34 included in one filtration unit 100 are shared with the adjacent filtration units 100 in the other direction Y.
  • one first electrode 31, one second electrode 32, one third electrode 33, and one filter medium 34 are adjacent filtration units 100 (a set of filtration unit 101 and filtration unit 105) in the other direction Y.
  • the set of filtration unit 102 and filtration unit 106 are adjacent filtration units 100 (a set of filtration unit 101 and filtration unit 105) in the other direction Y.
  • a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the third electrode 33, the first electrode 31, and the second electrode 32.
  • a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the second electrode 32, the first electrode 31, and the third electrode 33.
  • a supply unit 81, a first discharge unit 83, and a second discharge unit 85 are connected to the housing 20.
  • the supply unit 81 is a pipe that supplies the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b to the first filter chamber 30.
  • the first discharge unit 83 is a pipe for discharging a part of the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b from the first filter chamber 30.
  • the first discharge unit 83 is provided at a position different from that of the supply unit 81.
  • the first discharge unit 83 includes a valve 84.
  • the first discharge unit 83 discharges the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b of the first filter chamber 30.
  • the first discharge unit 83 is also used to discharge the concentrated liquid 76.
  • the concentrate 76 is a concentrated slurry (stock solution) 70.
  • the second discharge unit 85 is a pipe for discharging the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, or the filtrate 92c in the second filter chamber 35 from the second filter chamber 35.
  • the second filter chamber 35 is surrounded by the inner wall of the housing 20 and the two second electrodes 32.
  • the second filter chamber 35 is arranged between two filtration units 100 arranged in one direction X.
  • a repulsive force acts on the first particle 71 (see FIG. 3) of the slurry (stock solution) 70 by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the first particle 71.
  • the slurry (stock solution) 70 from which the first particles 71 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34.
  • the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a in the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91A is supplied to the second filtration device 92A via the second discharge unit 85.
  • a repulsive force acts on the second particles 75 (see FIG. 4) of the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the second particles 75.
  • the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a from which the second particles 75 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34.
  • the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the second filter chamber 35 of the second filtration device 92A is supplied to the third filtration device 93A via the second discharge unit 85.
  • a repulsive force acts on the third particle 74 (see FIG. 5) of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the third particle 74.
  • the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b from which the third particles 74 are separated flows to the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34.
  • the filtrate 79c in the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtration device 93A is returned to the tank 80 in which the slurry (stock solution) 70 is stored via the second discharge unit 85.
  • the filtrate 79c is a polar solvent 72.
  • the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged side by side in a direction orthogonal to both the one direction X and the other direction Y (the depth direction of the paper surface in FIG. 8). That is, the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged three-dimensionally side by side.
  • Each of the first filtration device 91A, the second filtration device 92A, and the third filtration device 93A does not necessarily have to include two first power sources 51, two second power sources 52, and two third power sources 53.
  • the number of power supplies that are constant voltage power supplies may be one.
  • the number of the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 may be one.
  • one first power source 51 is connected to the plurality of first electrodes 31, and one third power source 53 is connected to the plurality of third electrodes 33.
  • FIG. 9 is a modification of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • the same components as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted.
  • the filtration system 200B includes a first filtration device 91B, a second filtration device 92B, and a third filtration device 93B connected in series. Be prepared.
  • Each of the first filtration device 91B, the second filtration device 92B, and the third filtration device 93B has eight filtration units 100, two second filter chambers 35, four first power supplies 51, and four second filters. It includes a power source 52 and four third power sources 53.
  • the eight filtration units 100 include a filtration unit 101, a filtration unit 102, a filtration unit 103, a filtration unit 104, a filtration unit 105, a filtration unit 106, a filtration unit 107, and a filtration unit 108.
  • the filtration unit 101, the filtration unit 102, the filtration unit 103, and the filtration unit 104 are arranged side by side in one direction X.
  • the filtration unit 105, the filtration unit 106, the filtration unit 107, and the filtration unit 108 are arranged side by side in one direction X.
  • the filtration unit 103 and the filtration unit 107 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y.
  • the filtration unit 104 and the filtration unit 108 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y.
  • the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33, and the filter medium 34 included in one filtration unit 100 are shared with the adjacent filtration units 100 in the other direction Y.
  • one first electrode 31, one second electrode 32, one third electrode 33, and one filter medium 34 are adjacent filtration units 100 (a set of filtration unit 103 and filtration unit 107) in the other direction Y. And is shared by the set of filtration unit 104 and filtration unit 108).
  • a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the third electrode 33, the first electrode 31, and the second electrode 32.
  • a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the second electrode 32, the first electrode 31, and the third electrode 33.
  • the third electrode 33 included in the filtration unit 102 is shared with the adjacent filtration units 103 in one direction X.
  • the third electrode 33 included in the filtration unit 106 is shared with the adjacent filtration units 107 in one direction X.
  • the filtration unit 100 (the set of the filtration unit 102 and the filtration unit 103, and the set of the filtration unit 106 and the filtration unit 107) adjacent to each other in the one direction X. ) Is partitioned by the third electrode 33 shared by.
  • the first discharge unit 831 discharges the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the first filter chamber 30 of the filtration unit 105 and the filtration unit 106.
  • the first discharge unit 831 is also used to discharge the concentrated liquid 76.
  • the second discharge unit 851 discharges the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, or the filtrate 92c in the second filter chamber 35 between the filtration unit 105 and the filtration unit 106 from the second filter chamber 35. It is a piping for doing.
  • the second discharge unit 851 is connected to the filtration unit 103 and the first filter chamber 30 of the filtration unit 104.
  • the third discharge unit 832 discharges the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the first filter chamber 30 of the filtration unit 107 and the filtration unit 108.
  • the third discharge unit 832 is also used to discharge the concentrated liquid 76.
  • the fourth discharge unit 852 discharges the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, or the filtrate 92c in the second filter chamber 35 between the filtration unit 107 and the filtration unit 108 from the second filter chamber 35. It is a piping for doing.
  • the filtration units 100 of 4 do not necessarily have to be arranged in one direction X.
  • the number of filtration units 100 arranged in one direction X may be three or five or more.
  • the third electrode 33 arranged between the two arranged first filter chambers 30 in one direction X does not necessarily have to be shared by the two filtration units 100. That is, two third electrodes 33 isolated from each other may be arranged between the two arranged first filter chambers 30 in one direction X.
  • the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged side by side in a direction orthogonal to both one direction X and the other direction Y (the depth direction of the paper surface in FIG. 9). That is, the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged three-dimensionally side by side.
  • Each of the first filtration device 91B, the second filtration device 92B, and the third filtration device 93B does not necessarily have to include four first power sources 51, four second power sources 52, and four third power sources 53.
  • the number of power supplies that are constant voltage power supplies may be one.
  • the number of the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 may be one.
  • one first power source 51 is connected to the plurality of first electrodes 31, and one third power source 53 is connected to the plurality of third electrodes 33.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the filtration device according to the second embodiment.
  • the same components as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted.
  • the filtration device 10 of the second embodiment includes a housing 40, a first filter chamber 400, a first electrode 401, a second electrode 402, a third electrode 403, and a first filter medium.
  • 404 2nd filter chamber 405, 4th electrode 411, 5th electrode 412, 2nd filter medium 414, 3rd filter chamber 415, 6th electrode 421, 7th electrode 422, and 3rd filter medium. It has a 424, a fourth filter chamber 425, a first power supply 61, a second power supply 62, a fourth power supply 64, a fifth power supply 65, a sixth power supply 66, and a seventh power supply 67.
  • the first filter chamber 400 is a space surrounded by the inner wall of the housing 40, the first electrode 401, and the third electrode 403.
  • the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 are mesh-shaped electrodes.
  • the first electrode 401 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 401a, and a plurality of first openings 401b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 401a.
  • the second electrode 402 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 402a, and a plurality of second openings 402b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 402a.
  • the second electrode 402 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the first electrode 401 via the first filter medium 404.
  • the first filter medium 404 is provided between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402.
  • the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 are provided in direct contact with the first filter medium 404.
  • the third electrode 403 is a plate-shaped member, and is provided so as to face the other surface (upper surface) of the first electrode 401 with the first filter chamber 400 interposed therebetween.
  • the first filter medium 404 includes a filtration membrane 404a and a first opening 404b.
  • the filtration membrane 404a is provided with a plurality of first opening 404b.
  • An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 404a.
  • the first filter medium 404 for example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane) is used.
  • the first filter medium 404 is formed of an insulating material such as a resin material.
  • the second filter chamber 405 is arranged on the side opposite to the first electrode 401 with the second electrode 402 interposed therebetween. The second filter chamber 405 is provided in contact with the second electrode 402.
  • the first electrode 401 is electrically connected to the second terminal 61b of the first power supply 61. Further, the first electrode 401 is electrically connected to the first terminal 62a of the second power supply 62.
  • the second electrode 402 is electrically connected to the second terminal 62b of the second power supply 62.
  • the third electrode 403 and the first terminal 61a of the first power supply 61 are connected to the reference potential GND.
  • the first power supply 61 supplies the first electrode 401 with a first potential V1 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74.
  • the first potential V1 is, for example, ⁇ 20 V.
  • the second power source 62 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the second electrode 402, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1.
  • Two potentials V2 are supplied.
  • the second potential V2 is, for example, ⁇ 30 V.
  • the potential difference (20V) between the first potential V1 (-20V) of the first electrode 401 and the third potential (0V) of the third electrode 403 is the second potential of the first potential V1 (-20V) and the second electrode 402. It is larger than the potential difference (10V) from V2 (-30).
  • the filtration device 10 is further provided with a third power source, and the third power source has a third potential V3 (3rd potential V3) having a polarity different from that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the third electrode 403. For example, + 30V) may be supplied.
  • the first potential V1, the second potential V2, and the third potential V3 can be set in an absolute value in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less.
  • the 4th electrode 411 and the 5th electrode 412 are mesh-shaped electrodes.
  • the fourth electrode 411 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 411a, and a plurality of fourth openings 411b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 411a.
  • the fourth electrode 411 is arranged so as to sandwich the second filter chamber 405 with the second electrode 402.
  • the fifth electrode 412 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 412a, and a plurality of fifth openings 412b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 412a.
  • the fifth electrode 412 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the fourth electrode 411 via the second filter medium 414.
  • the second filter medium 414 is provided between the fourth electrode 411 and the fifth electrode 412.
  • the fourth electrode 411 and the fifth electrode 412 are provided in direct contact with the second filter medium 414.
  • the second filter medium 414 includes a filtration membrane 414a and a second opening 414b.
  • the filtration membrane 414a is provided with a plurality of second opening 414b.
  • An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 414a.
  • the size of the second opening 414b is the same as that of the first opening 404b of the first filter medium 404.
  • As the second filter medium 414 for example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane (Microfiltration Membrane)) is used.
  • the second filter medium 414 is made of an insulating material such as a resin material.
  • the third filter chamber 415 is arranged on the side opposite to the fourth electrode 411 with the fifth electrode 412 interposed therebetween.
  • the third filter chamber 415 is provided in contact with the fifth electrode 412.
  • the fourth electrode 411 is electrically connected to the second terminal 64b of the fourth power supply 64. Further, the fourth electrode 411 is electrically connected to the first terminal 65a of the fifth power supply 65. The fifth electrode 412 is electrically connected to the second terminal 65b of the fifth power supply 65. The first terminal 64a of the fourth power supply 64 is connected to the reference potential GND.
  • the fourth power source 64 supplies the fourth electrode 411 with a fourth potential V4 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74.
  • the fourth potential V4 is, for example, ⁇ 40 V.
  • the fifth power source 65 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the fifth electrode 412, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the fourth potential V4.
  • 5 Potential V5 is supplied.
  • the fifth potential V5 is, for example, ⁇ 50 V.
  • the potential difference (40V) between the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the third potential V3 (0V) of the fourth electrode 411 is the fifth potential (-50V) of the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the fifth electrode 412. It is larger than the potential difference (10V) with.
  • the potential difference (40V) between the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the third potential V3 (0V) is larger than the potential difference (20V) between the first potential V1 (-20) and the third potential V3 (0V).
  • the fourth potential V4 and the fifth potential V5 can be set in an absolute value in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less.
  • the sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422 are mesh-shaped electrodes. Specifically, the sixth electrode 421 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 421a, and a plurality of sixth openings 421b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 421a.
  • the sixth electrode 421 is arranged with the third filter chamber 415 sandwiched between the sixth electrode 421 and the fifth electrode 412.
  • the seventh electrode 422 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 422a, and a plurality of seventh openings 422b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 422a.
  • the seventh electrode 422 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the sixth electrode 421 via the third filter medium 424.
  • the third filter medium 424 is provided between the sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422.
  • the sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422 are provided in direct contact with the third filter medium 424.
  • the third filter medium 424 includes a filtration membrane 424a and a third opening 424b.
  • the filtration membrane 424a is provided with a plurality of third opening 424b.
  • An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 424a.
  • the size of the third opening 424b is the same as that of the second opening 414b of the second filter medium 414.
  • As the third filter medium 424 for example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane (Microfiltration Membrane)) is used.
  • the third filter medium 424 is formed of an insulating material such as a resin material.
  • the fourth filter chamber 425 is arranged on the side opposite to the sixth electrode 421 with the seventh electrode 422 interposed therebetween. The fourth filter chamber 425 is provided in contact with the seventh electrode 422.
  • the sixth electrode 421 is electrically connected to the second terminal 66b of the sixth power supply 66. Further, the sixth electrode 421 is electrically connected to the first terminal 67a of the seventh power supply 67. The seventh electrode 422 is electrically connected to the second terminal 67b of the seventh power supply 67. The first terminal 66a of the sixth power supply 66 is connected to the reference potential GND.
  • the sixth power source 66 supplies the sixth electrode 421 with a sixth potential V6 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74.
  • the sixth potential V6 is, for example, ⁇ 60 V.
  • the seventh power source 67 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the seventh electrode 422, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the sixth potential V6.
  • 7 potential V7 is supplied.
  • the seventh potential V7 is, for example, ⁇ 70 V.
  • the potential difference (60V) between the 6th potential V6 (-60V) and the 3rd potential V3 (0V) of the 6th electrode 421 is the 7th potential V7 (-70V) of the 6th potential V6 (-60V) and the 7th electrode 422. ) Is larger than the potential difference (10V).
  • the potential difference (60V) between the sixth potential V6 (-60V) and the third potential V3 (0V) is larger than the potential difference (40V) between the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the third potential (0V).
  • the sixth potential V6 and the seventh potential V7 can be set in an absolute value in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less.
  • the pressurizing device 99 returns the filtrate 79c of the fourth filter chamber 425 to the first filter chamber 400.
  • the pressurizing device 99 is, for example, a pressurizing pump. Transporting the liquid using the pressurizing device 99 and piping is also called a fluid conveyor.
  • the pressurizing device 99 can apply a pressure larger than the total of the filtration resistances (pressure loss) of the first filter chamber 400, the second filter chamber 405, and the third filter chamber 415 to the first filter chamber 400.
  • the circulation flow rate of the pressurizing device 99 is equal to or less than the capacity of the filter chamber having the lowest filtration rate (acquired filtrate amount) among the first filter chamber 400, the second filter chamber 405, and the third filter chamber 415.
  • a stronger repulsive force is generated in the first particle 71 located near the first electrode 401, and a stronger attractive force is generated in the first particle 71 located near the third electrode 403. Occur.
  • the repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the first particle 71 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 401 and approaching the third electrode 403.
  • the negatively charged first particle 71 moves to the third electrode 403 side by electrophoresis.
  • the positively charged water molecule 73 generates an attractive force with the first electrode 401.
  • the attractive force acting on the positively charged water molecule 73 acts in the direction indicated by the arrow F2, that is, in the direction from the third electrode 403 to the first electrode 401.
  • the positively charged water molecule 73 moves to the first electrode 401 side.
  • an electric field is formed from the first electrode 401 to the second electrode 402 so as to penetrate the first filter medium 404 in the thickness direction due to the potential difference between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402. .
  • the water molecule 73 that has moved to the first electrode 401 side receives a force by the electric field, is pulled toward the second electrode 402 side, and passes through the first filter medium 404. With the movement of the positively charged water molecule 73, the uncharged water molecule is also dragged toward the second electrode 402, and an electroosmotic flow is formed. As a result, the polar solvent 72 containing the positively charged water molecule 73 flows into the second filter chamber 405. As described above, the first particle 71 is separated from the first electrode 401 by electrophoresis and moved to the third electrode 403 side, and the polar solvent 72 from which the first particle 71 is separated is discharged. , The concentration of the first particle 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 400 can be increased.
  • the particle level (particle diameter) passing through the first filter medium 404 can also be controlled.
  • the electric field of is formed.
  • the filtration device 10 suppresses the first particle 71 from passing through the first filter medium 404, and allows the second particle 75 and the third particle 74 to pass through the first filter medium 404. Therefore, the concentration of the first particles 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 400 can be increased.
  • the filtration device 10 suppresses the second particle 75 from passing through the second filter medium 414, and allows the third particle 74 to pass through the second filter medium 414. Therefore, the concentration of the second particles 75 of the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a in the second filter chamber 405 can be increased.
  • the filtration device 10 prevents the third particle 74 from passing through the third filter medium 424. Therefore, the concentration of the third particles 74 of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the third filter chamber 415 can be increased.
  • the filtration device 10 of the second embodiment is provided with a first electrode 401 provided with a plurality of first openings 401b and a plurality of second openings 402b, and is provided with one surface of the first electrode 401.
  • a second electrode 402 provided opposite to the first electrode 402, a first filter medium 404 provided between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402, and a first electrode 401 are provided with a plurality of first opening 404b.
  • a first filter chamber 400 provided in contact with the other surface of the first filter chamber, a third electrode 403 provided in the first filter chamber 400 facing the first electrode 401, and a third electrode 403 provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode 402. It has a second filter chamber 405 and the like.
  • the filtration device 10 has a second filter chamber 405 sandwiched between the second electrode 402 and a fourth electrode 411 provided with a plurality of fourth openings 411b, and a plurality of fifth openings 412b provided.
  • a fifth electrode 412 provided facing one surface of the four electrodes 411 and a plurality of second opening 414b are provided, and a second filter medium provided between the fourth electrode 411 and the fifth electrode 412. It has a 414 and a third filter chamber 415 provided in contact with the other surface of the fifth electrode 412.
  • the potential difference between the first potential V1 of the first electrode 401 and the third potential V3 of the third electrode 403 is larger than the potential difference between the first potential and the second potential V2 of the second electrode 402.
  • the potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the third potential V3 of the fourth electrode 411 is larger than the potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the fifth potential V5 of the fifth electrode 412.
  • the potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the third potential V3 is larger than the potential difference between the first potential and the third potential.
  • the particles move in the direction from the first electrode 401 to the third electrode 403 due to the Coulomb force F generated in the particles between the first electrode 401 and the third electrode 403.
  • electrophoresis it is possible to suppress the formation of a cake layer on the surface of the first electrode 401 and the surface of the first filter medium 404.
  • the particles can be separated by electroosmosis in which the water molecule 73 is moved by the electric field between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 and permeates through the first filter medium 404, and the slurry in the first filter chamber 400 ( The concentration of the particles of the undiluted solution) 70 can be increased.
  • the filtration rate is increased several to 10 times or more compared to the method of simply applying pressure to the slurry (stock solution) 70 to separate particles having a particle size larger than that of the first opening 404b of the first filter medium 404. Can be improved. Further, different particles are separated in each of the first filter chamber 400 and the second filter chamber 405. The filtration device 10 can separately separate the first particles 71 and the second particles 75 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing the two types of particles.
  • the filtration device 10 of the second embodiment has a sixth electrode 421 having a third filter chamber 415 sandwiched between the fifth electrode 412 and a plurality of sixth openings 421b, and a plurality of seventh openings 422b. Is provided, and a seventh electrode 422 provided facing one surface of the sixth electrode 421 and a plurality of third opening 424b are provided, and are provided between the sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422. It has a third filter medium 424 and a fourth filter chamber 425 provided in contact with the other surface of the seventh electrode 422.
  • the potential difference between the sixth potential V6 and the third potential V3 of the sixth electrode 421 is larger than the potential difference between the sixth potential V6 and the seventh potential V7 of the seventh electrode 422.
  • the potential difference between the sixth potential V6 and the third potential V3 is larger than the potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the third potential V3.
  • the filtration device 10 can separately separate the first particles 71, the second particles 75, and the third particles 74 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing three types of particles.

Abstract

This filtration system comprises a first filtration device and a second filtration device. The first filtration device and the second filtration device each include: a first electrode in which a plurality of first openings are provided; a second electrode in which a plurality of second openings are provided and which is disposed facing one surface of the first electrode; a filtration material in which a plurality of apertures are provided and which is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first filter chamber disposed in contact with the other surface of the first electrode; a third electrode which is disposed in the first filter chamber and faces the first electrode; and a second filter chamber disposed in contact with the other surface of the second electrode. A first intermediate treatment liquid is supplied to the first filter chamber of the second filtration device from the second filter chamber of the first filtration device.

Description

ろ過システム及びろ過装置Filtration system and filtration equipment
　本発明は、ろ過システム及びろ過装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a filtration system and a filtration device.
　粒子流体系スラリーのろ過による固液分離において、電気浸透や電気泳動を利用して分離対象の粒子と液体を分離する方法が知られている（例えば特許文献１、２参照）。電気浸透を利用した固液分離は、電極間に挟んだケーキ層に電圧と圧力を加え、ケーキ層中の水分を電気浸透作用によりろ材を通して追い出す方法である。また、電気泳動を利用した固液分離は、スラリー中の粒子を電気泳動により移動させてろ材に直接接触させて、スラリー中の粒子を分離する方法である。 In solid-liquid separation by filtration of a particle-fluid slurry, a method of separating a particle and a liquid to be separated by using electro-osmosis or electrophoresis is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Solid-liquid separation using electroosmosis is a method in which voltage and pressure are applied to a cake layer sandwiched between electrodes, and water in the cake layer is expelled through a filter medium by electroosmosis. Further, the solid-liquid separation using electrophoresis is a method in which the particles in the slurry are moved by electrophoresis and brought into direct contact with the filter medium to separate the particles in the slurry.
特開昭６１－０１８４１０号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-018410 国際公開第２００４／０４５７４８号International Publication No. 2004/045748
　スラリー中の粒子をろ材に直接接触させて固液分離する方法では、ろ材の目詰まりによるろ過速度の低下が生じる可能性がある。 The method of directly contacting the particles in the slurry with the filter medium for solid-liquid separation may cause a decrease in the filtration rate due to clogging of the filter medium.
　本発明は、ろ過速度を向上させることが可能なろ過システム及びろ過装置を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a filtration system and a filtration device capable of improving the filtration rate.
　本発明の一側面のろ過システムは、第１ろ過装置と、第２ろ過装置とを備え、前記第１ろ過装置及び前記第２ろ過装置は、それぞれ、複数の第１開口が設けられた第１電極と、複数の第２開口が設けられ、前記第１電極の一方の面と対向して設けられた第２電極と、複数の目開きが設けられ、前記第１電極と前記第２電極との間に設けられたろ材と、前記第１電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第１ろ室と、前記第１ろ室に設けられ、前記第１電極と対向する第３電極と、前記第２電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第２ろ室と、を有し、前記第１ろ過装置の第２ろ室の中間処理液が、前記第２ろ過装置の第１ろ室へ供給される。 The filtration system according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first filtration device and a second filtration device, and the first filtration device and the second filtration device are each provided with a plurality of first openings. An electrode, a second electrode provided with a plurality of second openings and facing one surface of the first electrode, and a plurality of openings provided with the first electrode and the second electrode. A filter medium provided between the two, a first filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the first electrode, a third electrode provided in the first filter chamber and facing the first electrode, and the said. It has a second filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode, and the intermediate treatment liquid in the second filter chamber of the first filtration device is supplied to the first filter chamber of the second filtration device. Will be done.
　本発明のろ過システム及びろ過装置によれば、ろ過速度を向上させることが可能である。 According to the filtration system and the filtration device of the present invention, it is possible to improve the filtration rate.
図１は、第１実施形態に係るろ過システムの構成例を模式的に示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a filtration system according to the first embodiment. 図２は、第１実施形態に係る第１ろ過装置、第２ろ過装置及び第３ろ過装置の構成例を模式的に示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the first embodiment. 図３は、第１実施形態に係る第１ろ過装置の模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first filtration device according to the first embodiment. 図４は、第１実施形態に係る第２ろ過装置の模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the second filtration device according to the first embodiment. 図５は、第１実施形態に係る第３ろ過装置の模式図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the third filtration device according to the first embodiment. 図６は、第１電極、ろ材及び第２電極の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configurations of the first electrode, the filter medium, and the second electrode. 図７は、第１実施形態に係る第１ろ過装置、第２ろ過装置及び第３ろ過装置を示す電気的等価回路図である。FIG. 7 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram showing a first filtration device, a second filtration device, and a third filtration device according to the first embodiment. 図８は、第１実施形態の第１変形例に係る第１ろ過装置、第２ろ過装置及び第３ろ過装置の模式図である。FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the first modification of the first embodiment. 図９は、第１実施形態の第２変形例に係る第１ろ過装置、第２ろ過装置及び第３ろ過装置の模式図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the second modification of the first embodiment. 図１０は、第２実施形態に係るろ過装置の模式図である。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the filtration device according to the second embodiment.
　以下、本発明につき図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。なお、下記の発明を実施するための形態（以下、実施形態という）により本発明が限定されるものではない。また、下記第１実施形態における構成要素には、当業者が容易に想定できるもの、実質的に同一のもの、いわゆる均等の範囲のものが含まれる。さらに、下記実施形態で開示した構成要素は適宜組み合わせることが可能である。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments for carrying out the following inventions (hereinafter referred to as embodiments). Further, the components in the first embodiment described below include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that have a so-called equal range. Further, the components disclosed in the following embodiments can be appropriately combined.
　図１は、第１実施形態に係るろ過システムの構成例を模式的に示す断面図である。図２は、第１実施形態に係るろ過装置の構成例を模式的に示す断面図である。第１実施形態に係るろ過システム２００は、極性溶媒７２中に第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４が分散されたスラリー（原液）７０から、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４を分離する装置である。具体的には、ろ過システム２００は、ライフサイエンス分野や、下水処理、排水処理分野等に適用できる。ライフサイエンス分野では、培養細胞、微細藻類、細菌、バクテリア、ウイルス等の微生物体培養を行うバイオ産業や、培養微生物体が体外、体内に生産する酵素、タンパク質、多糖類、脂質等の利用、応用分野であるバイオ創薬や化粧品業界、又は、醸造、発酵、搾汁、飲料等を扱うビバレッジ産業に適用できる。下水処理、排水処理分野では、難ろ過性の微細バイオマス水系スラリーで、バイオマス粒子の分離に適用できる。あるいは、ろ過システム２００は、表面帯電した微粒子が電気的反発作用で高分散したコロイド粒子系スラリーで、コロイド微粒子の濃縮回収用途に適用できる。図１に示すように、第１実施形態に係るろ過システム２００は、第１ろ過装置９１と、第２ろ過装置９２と、第３ろ過装置９３と、第１加圧装置９５と、第２加圧装置９６と、第３加圧装置９７と、第４加圧装置９８と、を備える。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the filtration system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of the filtration device according to the first embodiment. In the filtration system 200 according to the first embodiment, the first particles 71, the second particles 75, and the second particles 75 are obtained from the slurry (stock solution) 70 in which the first particles 71, the second particles 75, and the third particles 74 are dispersed in the polar solvent 72. And a device for separating the third particle 74. Specifically, the filtration system 200 can be applied to the life science field, the sewage treatment field, the wastewater treatment field, and the like. In the field of life science, the bio-industry for culturing microorganisms such as cultured cells, microalgae, bacteria, bacteria, and viruses, and the utilization and application of enzymes, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc. produced by cultured microorganisms outside and inside the body. It can be applied to the biopharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, which are the fields, or the beverage industry, which deals with brewing, fermentation, squeezing, beverages, and the like. In the fields of sewage treatment and wastewater treatment, it is a fine biomass water-based slurry that is difficult to filter and can be applied to the separation of biomass particles. Alternatively, the filtration system 200 is a colloidal particle-based slurry in which surface-charged fine particles are highly dispersed by an electric repulsive action, and can be applied to a concentrated recovery application of colloidal fine particles. As shown in FIG. 1, the filtration system 200 according to the first embodiment includes a first filtration device 91, a second filtration device 92, a third filtration device 93, a first pressurizing device 95, and a second addition. A pressure device 96, a third pressurizing device 97, and a fourth pressurizing device 98 are provided.
　図２に示すように、第１実施形態に係る第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３は、直列に接続される。第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３のそれぞれは、上部筐体１１と、蓋部１２と、側部筐体１３と、下部筐体１４と、導体１５と、を有する。第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３のそれぞれは、さらに、上部筐体１１、側部筐体１３及び下部筐体１４で囲まれた内部空間に、第１ろ室３０と、第１電極３１と、第２電極３２と、第３電極３３と、ろ材３４（図３から図５参照）と、を有する。第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３のそれぞれは、さらに、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及び第３電極３３に電気的に接続された、第１電源５１と、第２電源５２と、第３電源５３と、を有する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 according to the first embodiment are connected in series. Each of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 has an upper housing 11, a lid portion 12, a side housing 13, a lower housing 14, and a conductor 15. Have. Each of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 further has a first filter chamber in an internal space surrounded by an upper housing 11, a side housing 13, and a lower housing 14. It has 30, a first electrode 31, a second electrode 32, a third electrode 33, and a filter medium 34 (see FIGS. 3 to 5). Each of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 further has a first power supply 51 electrically connected to the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, and the third electrode 33. , A second power source 52 and a third power source 53.
　具体的には、上部筐体１１は、絶縁材料で形成された円柱状の部材である。側部筐体１３は、絶縁材料で形成され、貫通孔を有する環状の部材である。上部筐体１１の下端側の一部が側部筐体１３の貫通孔に挿入される。下部筐体１４は、絶縁材料で形成され、側部筐体１３を支持する。蓋部１２は、上部筐体１１の上面を覆って設けられる。 Specifically, the upper housing 11 is a columnar member made of an insulating material. The side housing 13 is an annular member made of an insulating material and having a through hole. A part of the lower end side of the upper housing 11 is inserted into the through hole of the side housing 13. The lower housing 14 is made of an insulating material and supports the side housing 13. The lid portion 12 is provided so as to cover the upper surface of the upper housing 11.
　第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４（図３から図５参照）の外縁は、側部筐体１３と下部筐体１４との間に挟まれて固定される。第３電極３３は、上部筐体１１の下面（下部筐体１４と対向する面）に、ボルト等の接続部材（図示しない）により固定され、側部筐体１３の貫通孔の内部に位置する。また、導体１５は、側部筐体１３の周囲を囲むように設けられた環状の部材であり、側部筐体１３と下部筐体１４との間に設けられる。導体１５の下端側は、第１電極３１の外縁と接続される。 The outer edges of the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34 (see FIGS. 3 to 5) are sandwiched and fixed between the side housing 13 and the lower housing 14. The third electrode 33 is fixed to the lower surface of the upper housing 11 (the surface facing the lower housing 14) by a connecting member (not shown) such as a bolt, and is located inside the through hole of the side housing 13. .. Further, the conductor 15 is an annular member provided so as to surround the periphery of the side housing 13, and is provided between the side housing 13 and the lower housing 14. The lower end side of the conductor 15 is connected to the outer edge of the first electrode 31.
　上部筐体１１と側部筐体１３とは、ガイド部２１ａにより固定される。また、側部筐体１３と下部筐体１４と導体１５とは、ボルト２１ｂ、２１ｃにより固定される。これにより、各筐体の位置が固定され、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４と、側部筐体１３の内壁と、第３電極３３とで囲まれた空間に第１ろ室３０が形成される。また、各筐体間及び各電極間の接続部分には、それぞれＯリング等の封止部材が設けられ、第１ろ室３０が密閉して設けられる。また、上部筐体１１は、下部筐体１４との距離が調整可能に設けられている。これにより、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３は、スラリー（原液）７０の種類や量に応じて、第１ろ室３０の体積を適切に設定できる。 The upper housing 11 and the side housing 13 are fixed by the guide portion 21a. Further, the side housing 13, the lower housing 14, and the conductor 15 are fixed by bolts 21b and 21c. As a result, the position of each housing is fixed, and the first filter chamber is in the space surrounded by the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the filter medium 34, the inner wall of the side housing 13, and the third electrode 33. 30 is formed. Further, sealing members such as O-rings are provided at the connection portions between the housings and the electrodes, and the first filter chamber 30 is hermetically provided. Further, the upper housing 11 is provided so that the distance from the lower housing 14 can be adjusted. As a result, the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 can appropriately set the volume of the first filter chamber 30 according to the type and amount of the slurry (stock solution) 70.
　上部筐体１１には、スラリー供給通路１１ａと、排気通路１１ｂと、貫通孔１１ｃとが設けられる。スラリー供給通路１１ａの一端側は、上部筐体１１の側面に開口し、スラリー供給部１６に接続される。スラリー供給通路１１ａの他端側は、上部筐体１１の下面に開口し、第３電極３３の貫通孔３３ａと繋がって設けられる。スラリー供給バルブ１７は、スラリー供給通路１１ａの内部に設けられた棒状部材を有し、棒状部材がスラリー供給通路１１ａ内を上下方向に移動することで、貫通孔３３ａの開閉状態を切り替えることができる。 The upper housing 11 is provided with a slurry supply passage 11a, an exhaust passage 11b, and a through hole 11c. One end side of the slurry supply passage 11a opens on the side surface of the upper housing 11 and is connected to the slurry supply unit 16. The other end side of the slurry supply passage 11a is opened on the lower surface of the upper housing 11 and is provided so as to be connected to the through hole 33a of the third electrode 33. The slurry supply valve 17 has a rod-shaped member provided inside the slurry supply passage 11a, and the rod-shaped member moves vertically in the slurry supply passage 11a to switch the open / closed state of the through hole 33a. ..
　これにより、例えば、スラリー供給バルブ１７の動作により貫通孔３３ａが開放状態の場合に、スラリー（原液）７０は、スラリー供給部１６、スラリー供給通路１１ａ、第３電極３３の貫通孔３３ａを介して第１ろ過装置９１の第１ろ室３０に供給される。また、スラリー供給バルブ１７により貫通孔３３ａが閉じられた状態の場合には、スラリー（原液）７０の第１ろ過装置９１の第１ろ室３０への供給が停止される。 As a result, for example, when the through hole 33a is opened by the operation of the slurry supply valve 17, the slurry (stock solution) 70 passes through the slurry supply unit 16, the slurry supply passage 11a, and the through hole 33a of the third electrode 33. It is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the first filtration device 91. When the through hole 33a is closed by the slurry supply valve 17, the supply of the slurry (stock solution) 70 to the first filter chamber 30 of the first filtration device 91 is stopped.
　排気通路１１ｂの一端側は、上部筐体１１の側面に開口し、エア排出部１８に接続される。スラリー供給通路１１ａの他端側は、上部筐体１１の下面に開口し、第３電極３３の貫通孔３３ｂと繋がって設けられる。エア排出バルブ１９は、排気通路１１ｂの内部に設けられた棒状部材を有し、棒状部材が排気通路１１ｂ内を上下方向に移動することで、貫通孔３３ｂの開閉状態を切り替えることができる。 One end side of the exhaust passage 11b opens on the side surface of the upper housing 11 and is connected to the air exhaust portion 18. The other end side of the slurry supply passage 11a is opened on the lower surface of the upper housing 11 and is provided so as to be connected to the through hole 33b of the third electrode 33. The air exhaust valve 19 has a rod-shaped member provided inside the exhaust passage 11b, and the rod-shaped member moves vertically in the exhaust passage 11b to switch the open / closed state of the through hole 33b.
　第１ろ過装置９１において、第１ろ室３０にスラリー（原液）７０が供給される際に、エア排出バルブ１９は、貫通孔３３ｂを開放状態にする。これにより、第１ろ室３０内の空気は、貫通孔３３ｂ、排気通路１１ｂ及びエア排出部１８を介して外部に排気される。エア排出部１８にはエア排出弁１８ａが接続されている。エア排出弁１８ａは、例えばフロート弁であり、第１ろ室３０内の所定量の空気が排気されるとエア排出弁１８ａが閉じられるように設けられている。第１ろ室３０内の排気が完了した後、エア排出バルブ１９は貫通孔３３ｂを閉じる。これにより、第１ろ室３０内に充填されたスラリー（原液）７０には、第１加圧装置９５により、スラリー供給部１６を介して所定の圧力が加えられる。 In the first filtration device 91, when the slurry (stock solution) 70 is supplied to the first filter chamber 30, the air discharge valve 19 opens the through hole 33b. As a result, the air in the first filter chamber 30 is exhausted to the outside through the through hole 33b, the exhaust passage 11b, and the air exhaust portion 18. An air discharge valve 18a is connected to the air discharge unit 18. The air discharge valve 18a is, for example, a float valve, and is provided so that the air discharge valve 18a is closed when a predetermined amount of air in the first filter chamber 30 is exhausted. After the exhaust in the first filter chamber 30 is completed, the air discharge valve 19 closes the through hole 33b. As a result, a predetermined pressure is applied to the slurry (stock solution) 70 filled in the first filter chamber 30 by the first pressurizing device 95 via the slurry supply unit 16.
　貫通孔１１ｃの一端側は上部筐体１１の上面に開口する。貫通孔１１ｃの他端側は上部筐体１１の下面に開口し、第３電極３３の凹部３３ｃと繋がって設けられる。貫通孔１１ｃには、接続導体５６が挿入され、凹部３３ｃで接続導体５６と第３電極３３とが接続される。これにより、第３電極３３は、接続導体５６を介して第３電源５３の第１端子５３ａと電気的に接続される。 One end side of the through hole 11c opens on the upper surface of the upper housing 11. The other end side of the through hole 11c is opened on the lower surface of the upper housing 11 and is provided so as to be connected to the recess 33c of the third electrode 33. A connecting conductor 56 is inserted into the through hole 11c, and the connecting conductor 56 and the third electrode 33 are connected by a recess 33c. As a result, the third electrode 33 is electrically connected to the first terminal 53a of the third power supply 53 via the connecting conductor 56.
　第１電極３１は、導体１５及び接続導体５４を介して第１電源５１の第２端子５１ｂと電気的に接続される。また、第１電極３１は、導体１５及び接続導体５５ａを介して第２電源５２の第１端子５２ａと電気的に接続される。第３電源５３の第２端子５３ｂ及び第１電源５１の第１端子５１ａは、基準電位ＧＮＤに接続される。基準電位ＧＮＤは、例えばグランド電位である。ただし、これに限定されず、基準電位ＧＮＤは、所定の固定された電位であってもよい。 The first electrode 31 is electrically connected to the second terminal 51b of the first power supply 51 via the conductor 15 and the connecting conductor 54. Further, the first electrode 31 is electrically connected to the first terminal 52a of the second power supply 52 via the conductor 15 and the connecting conductor 55a. The second terminal 53b of the third power supply 53 and the first terminal 51a of the first power supply 51 are connected to the reference potential GND. The reference potential GND is, for example, a ground potential. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the reference potential GND may be a predetermined fixed potential.
　下部筐体１４には、凹状の第２ろ室３５と、貫通孔１４ａ、１４ｂと、接続孔１４ｃとが設けられている。第２ろ室３５は、下部筐体１４の上面で、第１ろ室３０と重なる位置に設けられる。貫通孔１４ａは、第２ろ室３５と排出部２２とを繋ぐ。 The lower housing 14 is provided with a concave second filter chamber 35, through holes 14a and 14b, and a connection hole 14c. The second filter chamber 35 is provided on the upper surface of the lower housing 14 at a position overlapping the first filter chamber 30. The through hole 14a connects the second filter chamber 35 and the discharge portion 22.
　第１ろ過装置９１において、各電極の駆動によりスラリー（原液）７０の第１粒子７１に斥力が働くので、第１粒子７１の分散状況に濃度勾配が生じる。第１粒子７１が分離されたスラリー（原液）７０は、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４を通して、第２ろ室３５に流れる。第１ろ過装置９１の第２ろ室３５にある第１中間処理液７９ａは、排出部２２に導かれる。第１ろ過装置９１の排出部２２は、第２加圧装置９６を介して、第２ろ過装置９２の第１ろ室３０と接続される。第１中間処理液７９ａは、第２ろ過装置９２の第１ろ室３０へ供給される。 In the first filtration device 91, a repulsive force acts on the first particles 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the first particles 71. The slurry (stock solution) 70 from which the first particles 71 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34. The first intermediate treatment liquid 79a in the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 is guided to the discharge unit 22. The discharge unit 22 of the first filtration device 91 is connected to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92 via the second pressurizing device 96. The first intermediate treatment liquid 79a is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92.
　第２ろ過装置９２において、各電極の駆動により第１中間処理液７９ａの第２粒子７５に斥力が働くので、第２粒子７５の分散状況に濃度勾配が生じる。第２粒子７５が分離された第１中間処理液７９ａは、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４を通して、第２ろ室３５に流れる。第２ろ過装置９２の第２ろ室３５にある第２中間処理液７９ｂは、排出部２２に導かれる。第２ろ過装置９２の排出部２２は、第３加圧装置９７を介して、第３ろ過装置９３の第１ろ室３０と接続される。第２中間処理液７９ｂは、第３ろ過装置９３の第１ろ室３０へ供給される。 In the second filtration device 92, a repulsive force acts on the second particles 75 of the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the second particles 75. The first intermediate treatment liquid 79a from which the second particles 75 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34. The second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the second filter chamber 35 of the second filtration device 92 is guided to the discharge unit 22. The discharge unit 22 of the second filtration device 92 is connected to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93 via the third pressurizing device 97. The second intermediate treatment liquid 79b is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93.
　第３ろ過装置９３において、各電極の駆動により第２中間処理液７９ｂの第３粒子７４に斥力が働くので、第３粒子７４の分散状況に濃度勾配が生じる。第３粒子７４が分離された第２中間処理液７９ｂは、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４を通して、第２ろ室３５に流れる。第３ろ過装置９３の第２ろ室３５にあるろ液７９ｃは、排出部２２に導かれる。第３ろ過装置９３の排出部２２は、第４加圧装置９８を介してタンク８０と接続される。ろ液７９ｃは、タンク８０へ供給される。ろ液７９ｃは、極性溶媒７２である。 In the third filtration device 93, a repulsive force acts on the third particles 74 of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the third particles 74. The second intermediate treatment liquid 79b from which the third particles 74 are separated flows to the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34. The filtrate 79c in the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtration device 93 is guided to the discharge unit 22. The discharge unit 22 of the third filtration device 93 is connected to the tank 80 via the fourth pressurizing device 98. The filtrate 79c is supplied to the tank 80. The filtrate 79c is a polar solvent 72.
　第１加圧装置９５は、タンク８０に貯留されたスラリー（原液）７０を加圧し、第１ろ過装置９１の第１ろ室３０に供給する。第２加圧装置９６は、第１ろ過装置９１の第２ろ室３５から排出された第１中間処理液７９ａを加圧し、第２ろ過装置９２の第１ろ室３０に供給する。第３加圧装置９７は、第２ろ過装置９２の第２ろ室３５から排出された第２中間処理液７９ｂを加圧し、第３ろ過装置９３の第１ろ室３０に供給する。第４加圧装置９８は、第３ろ過装置９３の第２ろ室３５から排出されたろ液７９ｃを加圧し、タンク８０に戻す。第１加圧装置９５、第２加圧装置９６、第３加圧装置９７及び第４加圧装置９８は、例えば加圧ポンプである。第４加圧装置９８及び配管を用いて液体を搬送することは、流体コンベアとも呼ばれる。第４加圧装置９８は、清澄な極性溶媒７２を搬送流体として粒子を系内に循環させる。なお、ろ過システム２００においては、ダイアフィルトレーション（ろ過液量と同量の溶媒をスラリー（原液）７０中に加えながらろ過することによってスラリー（原液）７０中の分離対象を回収する方法）が用いられてもよい。 The first pressurizing device 95 pressurizes the slurry (stock solution) 70 stored in the tank 80 and supplies it to the first filter chamber 30 of the first filtration device 91. The second pressurizing device 96 pressurizes the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a discharged from the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 and supplies it to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92. The third pressurizing device 97 pressurizes the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b discharged from the second filter chamber 35 of the second filtration device 92 and supplies it to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93. The fourth pressurizing device 98 pressurizes the filtrate 79c discharged from the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtering device 93 and returns it to the tank 80. The first pressurizing device 95, the second pressurizing device 96, the third pressurizing device 97 and the fourth pressurizing device 98 are, for example, a pressurizing pump. Transporting the liquid using the fourth pressurizing device 98 and piping is also called a fluid conveyor. The fourth pressurizing device 98 circulates the particles in the system using the clear polar solvent 72 as the transport fluid. In the filtration system 200, diafiltration (a method of recovering a separation target in the slurry (stock solution) 70 by filtering while adding a solvent in the same amount as the amount of the filtrate in the slurry (stock solution) 70) is used. It may be used.
　接続孔１４ｃの一端側は、下部筐体１４の上面に開口し、第２電極３２の外縁は、接続孔１４ｃを覆って設けられる。また、接続孔１４ｃの他端側は、下部筐体１４の側面に開口する。接続孔１４ｃには接続導体５５ｂが挿入され、接続導体５５ｂと第２電極３２とが接続される。これにより、第２電極３２は、第２電源５２の第２端子５２ｂと電気的に接続される。 One end side of the connection hole 14c is opened on the upper surface of the lower housing 14, and the outer edge of the second electrode 32 is provided so as to cover the connection hole 14c. Further, the other end side of the connection hole 14c opens on the side surface of the lower housing 14. A connecting conductor 55b is inserted into the connecting hole 14c, and the connecting conductor 55b and the second electrode 32 are connected to each other. As a result, the second electrode 32 is electrically connected to the second terminal 52b of the second power supply 52.
　なお、図２に示す第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３のそれぞれの構成は、あくまで一例であり、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４（図３参照）と、第３電極３３とで挟まれた第１ろ室３０を形成できればどのような構成であってもよい。 The configurations of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 shown in FIG. 2 are merely examples, and the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, and the filter medium 34 (see FIG. 3). ) And the first filter chamber 30 sandwiched between the third electrode 33 and the like, any configuration may be used.
　次に、図３から図７を参照して、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３の動作について説明する。図３は、第１実施形態に係る第１ろ過装置の模式図である。図４は、第１実施形態に係る第２ろ過装置の模式図である。図５は、第１実施形態に係る第３ろ過装置の模式図である。図３から図５では、説明を分かりやすくするために、第１電極３１、第２電極３２、第３電極３３及びろ材３４と、第１ろ室３０及び第２ろ室３５との配置関係を模式的に示している。 Next, the operations of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the second filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the third filtration device according to the first embodiment. In FIGS. 3 to 5, in order to make the explanation easy to understand, the arrangement relationship between the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33 and the filter medium 34, and the first filter chamber 30 and the second filter chamber 35 is shown. It is shown schematically.
　図３から図５に示すように、第１電極３１及び第２電極３２は、メッシュ状の電極である。具体的には、第１電極３１は、複数の導電細線３１ａを有し、複数の導電細線３１ａの間に複数の第１開口３１ｂが設けられる。第２電極３２は、複数の導電細線３２ａを有し、複数の導電細線３２ａの間に複数の第２開口３２ｂが設けられる。第２電極３２は、ろ材３４を介して第１電極３１の一方の面（下面）と対向して設けられる。言い換えると、ろ材３４は、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間に設けられる。第１電極３１及び第２電極３２は、ろ材３４と直接、接して設けられる。複数の導電細線３１ａ及び複数の導電細線３２ａは、導電性素材であれば特に限定されず、例えば金属でもよいし炭素繊維でもよい。なお、第１電極３１及び第２電極３２は、ろ材３４と直接、接する構成に限定されず、ろ材３４との間に隙間を有して配置されていてもよい。 As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are mesh-shaped electrodes. Specifically, the first electrode 31 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 31a, and a plurality of first openings 31b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 31a. The second electrode 32 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 32a, and a plurality of second openings 32b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a. The second electrode 32 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the first electrode 31 via the filter medium 34. In other words, the filter medium 34 is provided between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32. The first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are provided in direct contact with the filter medium 34. The plurality of conductive thin wires 31a and the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive materials, and may be, for example, metal or carbon fiber. The first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are not limited to the configuration in which they are in direct contact with the filter medium 34, and may be arranged with a gap between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.
　ろ材３４は、ろ過膜３４ａと、目開き３４ｂと、を含む。ろ過膜３４ａに複数の目開き３４ｂが設けられている。ろ過膜３４ａに対して電界が働く。ろ材３４は、例えば、精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ膜（Ｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｌｔａｔｉｏｎ　Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ））が用いられる。第１実施形態では、ろ材３４は、樹脂材料等の絶縁材料で形成されている。なお、図３から図５では、第１電極３１の第１開口３１ｂ、第２電極３２の第２開口３２ｂ及びろ材３４の目開き３４ｂは同じ大きさで示しているが、あくまで説明のために模式的に示したものであり、第１開口３１ｂ、第２開口３２ｂ及び目開き３４ｂの大きさは異なっていてもよい。 The filter medium 34 includes a filtration membrane 34a and an opening 34b. The filtration membrane 34a is provided with a plurality of openings 34b. An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 34a. As the filter medium 34, for example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane (Microfiltration Membrane)) is used. In the first embodiment, the filter medium 34 is formed of an insulating material such as a resin material. In FIGS. 3 to 5, the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31, the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32, and the opening 34b of the filter medium 34 are shown to have the same size, but for the sake of explanation only. It is schematically shown, and the sizes of the first opening 31b, the second opening 32b, and the opening 34b may be different.
　図６は、第１電極、ろ材及び第２電極の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。図６に示すうように、ろ材３４に設けられた目開き３４ｂの径Ｄ３は、第１電極３１の第１開口３１ｂの径Ｄ１よりも小さく、かつ、第２電極３２の第２開口３２ｂの径Ｄ２よりも小さい。言い換えると、複数の導電細線３１ａの配置ピッチと、複数の導電細線３２ａの配置ピッチと、ろ過膜３４ａの配置ピッチは、互いに異なって設けられる。例えば、第１電極３１の第１開口３１ｂの径Ｄ１は、０．５μｍ以上５００μｍ以下、例えば７０μｍ程度である。第２電極３２の第２開口３２ｂの径Ｄ２は、０．５μｍ以上１０００μｍ以下、例えば１００μｍ程度である。ろ材３４に設けられた複数の目開き３４ｂの径Ｄ３は、０．１μｍ以上１００μｍ以下、より好ましくは１μｍ以上７μｍ以下程度である。 FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configurations of the first electrode, the filter medium, and the second electrode. As shown in FIG. 6, the diameter D3 of the opening 34b provided in the filter medium 34 is smaller than the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31, and the diameter D1 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32. It is smaller than the diameter D2. In other words, the arrangement pitch of the plurality of conductive thin wires 31a, the arrangement pitch of the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a, and the arrangement pitch of the filtration membrane 34a are provided differently from each other. For example, the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31 is 0.5 μm or more and 500 μm or less, for example, about 70 μm. The diameter D2 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32 is 0.5 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, for example, about 100 μm. The diameter D3 of the plurality of openings 34b provided on the filter medium 34 is 0.1 μm or more and 100 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or more and 7 μm or less.
　また、第１電極３１の第１開口３１ｂの径Ｄ１は、第２電極３２の第２開口３２ｂの径Ｄ２よりも小さい。ただしこれに限定されず、第１電極３１の第１開口３１ｂの径Ｄ１は、第２電極３２の第２開口３２ｂの径Ｄ２と同じ大きさで形成されてもよい。このような構成により、少なくとも第１開口３１ｂ及び第２開口３２ｂと重なる領域で、ろ材３４の目開き３４ｂは、複数の導電細線３１ａ及び複数の導電細線３２ａと非重畳に設けられる。また、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間の距離は、ろ材３４の厚さで規定される。 Further, the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31 is smaller than the diameter D2 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the diameter D1 of the first opening 31b of the first electrode 31 may be formed to have the same size as the diameter D2 of the second opening 32b of the second electrode 32. With such a configuration, the opening 34b of the filter medium 34 is provided non-superimposing with the plurality of conductive thin wires 31a and the plurality of conductive thin wires 32a at least in the region overlapping the first opening 31b and the second opening 32b. The distance between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 is defined by the thickness of the filter medium 34.
　図３から図５に示すように、第３電極３３は、板状の部材であり、第１ろ室３０を挟んで第１電極３１の他方の面（上面）と対向して設けられる。なお、図３から図５では、第３電極３３の貫通孔３３ａ、３３ｂ及び凹部３３ｃ（図２参照）は図示を省略している。 As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the third electrode 33 is a plate-shaped member, and is provided so as to face the other surface (upper surface) of the first electrode 31 with the first filter chamber 30 interposed therebetween. In FIGS. 3 to 5, the through holes 33a and 33b and the recess 33c (see FIG. 2) of the third electrode 33 are not shown.
　第１ろ室３０は、第１電極３１の他方の面（上面）と接して設けられる。第１ろ室３０には、上述したように、分離対象の第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４、並びに極性溶媒７２含むスラリー（原液）７０が供給される。第１粒子７１は、例えば、バイオマス粒子やコロイド粒子であり、粒子表面がマイナスに帯電している。具体的には、第１粒子７１は、クロレラ、微細藻類スピルリナ、コロイダルシリカ、大腸菌、下水活性汚泥等である。第１粒子７１の径は、適用される技術分野、分離対象の種類に応じて異なるが、１００ｎｍ以上２０００μｍ以下、例えば２００ｎｍ以上１００μｍ以下程度である。第２粒子７５は、例えば高分子量の多糖体であり、粒子表面がマイナスに帯電している。第２粒子７５の径は、第１粒子７１の径よりも小さい。第２粒子７５の径は、適用される技術分野、分離対象の種類に応じて異なるが、３０ｎｍ以上５００ｎｍ以下、例えば１００ｎｍ程度である。第３粒子７４は、例えば低分子量の多糖体であり、粒子表面がマイナスに帯電している。第３粒子７４の径は、第２粒子７５の径よりも小さい。第３粒子７４の径は、適用される技術分野、分離対象の種類に応じて異なるが、５ｎｍ以上１００ｎｍ以下、例えば２０ｎｍ程度である。 The first filter chamber 30 is provided in contact with the other surface (upper surface) of the first electrode 31. As described above, the first filter chamber 30 is supplied with the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing the first particles 71, the second particles 75, the third particles 74, and the polar solvent 72 to be separated. The first particles 71 are, for example, biomass particles or colloidal particles, and the surface of the particles is negatively charged. Specifically, the first particle 71 is chlorella, microalgae spirulina, colloidal silica, Escherichia coli, sewage activated sludge, or the like. The diameter of the first particle 71 varies depending on the technical field to which it is applied and the type of separation target, but is 100 nm or more and 2000 μm or less, for example, 200 nm or more and 100 μm or less. The second particle 75 is, for example, a high molecular weight polysaccharide, and the surface of the particle is negatively charged. The diameter of the second particle 75 is smaller than the diameter of the first particle 71. The diameter of the second particle 75 varies depending on the technical field to which it is applied and the type of separation target, but is 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, for example, about 100 nm. The third particle 74 is, for example, a low molecular weight polysaccharide, and the surface of the particle is negatively charged. The diameter of the third particle 74 is smaller than the diameter of the second particle 75. The diameter of the third particle 74 varies depending on the technical field to which it is applied and the type of separation target, but is 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, for example, about 20 nm.
　第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４が分散される極性溶媒７２は、水であり、一部の水分子７３はプラスに帯電している。これにより、スラリー（原液）７０は全体として電気的に平衡状態となっている。極性溶媒７２は、水に限られず、アルコールなどでもよい。 The polar solvent 72 in which the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 are dispersed is water, and some water molecules 73 are positively charged. As a result, the slurry (stock solution) 70 is in an electrically equilibrium state as a whole. The polar solvent 72 is not limited to water, and may be alcohol or the like.
　第１電源５１は、第１電極３１に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性の第１電位Ｖ１を供給する。第１ろ過装置９１における第１電位Ｖ１は、例えば－２０Ｖである。第２ろ過装置９２における第１電位Ｖ１は、例えば－４０Ｖである。第３ろ過装置９３における第１電位Ｖ１は、例えば－６０Ｖである。 The first power source 51 supplies the first electrode 31 with a first potential V1 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74. The first potential V1 in the first filtration device 91 is, for example, −20 V. The first potential V1 in the second filtration device 92 is, for example, −40 V. The first potential V1 in the third filtration device 93 is, for example, −60 V.
　第２電源５２は、第２電極３２に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性であって、第１電位Ｖ１の絶対値よりも大きい絶対値の第２電位Ｖ２を供給する。第１ろ過装置９１における第２電位Ｖ２は、例えば－３０Ｖである。第２ろ過装置９２における第２電位Ｖ２は、例えば－５０Ｖである。第３ろ過装置９３における第２電位Ｖ２は、例えば－７０Ｖである。 The second power source 52 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the second electrode 32, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1. Two potentials V2 are supplied. The second potential V2 in the first filtration device 91 is, for example, −30 V. The second potential V2 in the second filtration device 92 is, for example, −50 V. The second potential V2 in the third filtration device 93 is, for example, −70 V.
　第３電源５３は、第３電極３３に、第１粒子７１の極性と異なる極性の第３電位Ｖ３を供給する。第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３における第３電位Ｖ３は、例えば＋３０Ｖである。第１電位Ｖ１、第２電位Ｖ２及び第３電位は、絶対値で１ｍＶ以上１０００Ｖ以下の範囲で設定することができる。 The third power source 53 supplies the third electrode 33 with a third potential V3 having a polarity different from that of the first particle 71. The third potential V3 in the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 is, for example, + 30V. The first potential V1, the second potential V2, and the third potential can be set in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less in absolute value.
　第１ろ過装置９１において、第１電極３１の第１電位Ｖ１（－２０Ｖ）と第３電極３３の第３電位Ｖ３（＋３０Ｖ）との第１電位差（５０Ｖ）は、第１電位Ｖ１（－２０Ｖ）と第２電極３２の第２電位Ｖ２（－３０Ｖ）との第２電位差（１０Ｖ）よりも大きい。 In the first filtration device 91, the first potential difference (50V) between the first potential V1 (-20V) of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 (+ 30V) of the third electrode 33 is the first potential V1 (-20V). ) And the second potential difference (10V) between the second potential V2 (-30V) of the second electrode 32.
　第２ろ過装置９２において、第１電極３１の第１電位Ｖ１（－４０Ｖ）と第３電極３３の第３電位Ｖ３（＋３０Ｖ）との第１電位差（７０Ｖ）は、第１電位Ｖ１（－４０Ｖ）と第２電極３２の第２電位Ｖ２（－５０Ｖ）との第２電位差（１０Ｖ）よりも大きい。 In the second filtering device 92, the first potential difference (70V) between the first potential V1 (-40V) of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 (+ 30V) of the third electrode 33 is the first potential V1 (-40V). ) And the second potential difference (10V) between the second potential V2 (-50V) of the second electrode 32.
　第３ろ過装置９３において、第１電極３１の第１電位Ｖ１（－６０Ｖ）と第３電極３３の第３電位Ｖ３（＋３０Ｖ）との第１電位差（９０Ｖ）は、第１電位Ｖ１（－６０Ｖ）と第２電極３２の第２電位Ｖ２（－７０Ｖ）との第２電位差（１０Ｖ）よりも大きい。 In the third filtration device 93, the first potential difference (90V) between the first potential V1 (-60V) of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 (+ 30V) of the third electrode 33 is the first potential V1 (-60V). ) And the second potential difference (10V) between the second potential V2 (-70V) of the second electrode 32.
　第２ろ過装置９２における第１電位差（７０Ｖ）は、第１ろ過装置９１における第１電位差（５０Ｖ）よりも大きい。第３ろ過装置９３における第１電位差（９０Ｖ）は、第１ろ過装置９１における第１電位差（５０Ｖ）、及び第２ろ過装置９２における第１電位差（７０Ｖ）よりも大きい。 The first potential difference (70V) in the second filtration device 92 is larger than the first potential difference (50V) in the first filtration device 91. The first potential difference (90V) in the third filtration device 93 is larger than the first potential difference (50V) in the first filtration device 91 and the first potential difference (70V) in the second filtration device 92.
　図７は、第１実施形態に係る第１ろ過装置、第２ろ過装置及び第３ろ過装置を示す電気的等価回路図である。図７に示すように、第１電源５１及び第３電源５３は定電圧源であり、第２電源５２は定電流源である。第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間に抵抗成分Ｒ１と容量成分Ｃとが並列に接続される。抵抗成分Ｒ１及び容量成分Ｃは、多数の目開き３４ｂが設けられたろ材３４により等価的に表される成分である。また、第１電極３１と第３電極３３との間に抵抗成分Ｒ２が接続される。抵抗成分Ｒ２は、第１ろ室３０のスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂにより等価的に表される抵抗成分である。 FIG. 7 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram showing a first filtration device, a second filtration device, and a third filtration device according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 are constant voltage sources, and the second power supply 52 is a constant current source. The resistance component R1 and the capacitance component C are connected in parallel between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32. The resistance component R1 and the capacitance component C are components equivalently represented by the filter medium 34 provided with a large number of openings 34b. Further, the resistance component R2 is connected between the first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33. The resistance component R2 is a resistance component equivalently represented by the slurry (stock solution) 70 of the first filter chamber 30, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b.
　第２電源５２は、定電圧電源であっても、定電流電源であってもよい。本実施形態では、第２電源５２は、定電流源であるので、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３のろ過の状態に応じて、すなわち、ろ材３４の抵抗成分Ｒ１及び第１ろ室３０の抵抗成分Ｒ２の変動に応じて、第２電位Ｖ２は変化する。ただし、第２電位Ｖ２は第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性であって、第１電位Ｖ１の絶対値よりも大きい値を維持している。 The second power supply 52 may be a constant voltage power supply or a constant current power supply. In the present embodiment, since the second power source 52 is a constant current source, it depends on the filtration state of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93, that is, the resistance component of the filter medium 34. The second potential V2 changes according to the fluctuation of the resistance component R2 of R1 and the first filter chamber 30. However, the second potential V2 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74, and maintains a value larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1.
　図３に示すように、第１ろ過装置９１において、第１ろ室３０にスラリー（原液）７０が供給されると、クーロンの法則に基づいて、マイナスに帯電した第１粒子７１と第１電極３１との間には斥力が発生する。また、マイナスに帯電した第１粒子７１と第３電極３３との間には引力が発生する。 As shown in FIG. 3, when the slurry (stock solution) 70 is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 in the first filtration device 91, the negatively charged first particles 71 and the first electrode are based on Coulomb's law. A repulsive force is generated between the 31 and the 31. Further, an attractive force is generated between the negatively charged first particle 71 and the third electrode 33.
　ここで、クーロンの法則は、下記の式（１）で示される。
　Ｆ＝ｋ×（ｑ１×ｑ２／ｓ２）　・・・　（１） Here, Coulomb's law is expressed by the following equation (1).
F = k × (q1 × q2 / s 2 ) ・ ・ ・ (1)
　ここで、ｋは定数であり、ｋ＝４πεで表される。ｑ１及びｑ２は、電荷であり、ｓは電荷間の距離である。すなわち、距離ｓが小さいほど第１粒子７１には大きいクーロン力Ｆが作用する。具体的には、第１ろ過装置９１において、第１電極３１に近い位置の第１粒子７１には、より強力な斥力が発生し、第３電極３３に近い位置の第１粒子７１には、より強力な引力が発生する。第１粒子７１に発生する斥力及び引力は、矢印Ｆ１に示す方向、すなわち第１電極３１から離れ第３電極３３に近づく方向に作用する。マイナスに帯電した第１粒子７１は、電気泳動により第３電極３３側に移動する。 Here, k is a constant and is represented by k = 4πε. q1 and q2 are electric charges, and s is the distance between the electric charges. That is, the smaller the distance s, the larger the Coulomb force F acts on the first particle 71. Specifically, in the first filtration device 91, a stronger repulsive force is generated in the first particle 71 located near the first electrode 31, and the first particle 71 located near the third electrode 33 is generated. A stronger attractive force is generated. The repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the first particle 71 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 31 and approaching the third electrode 33. The negatively charged first particle 71 moves to the third electrode 33 side by electrophoresis.
　これにより、第１ろ過装置９１は、第１粒子７１が第１電極３１の表面及びろ材３４の表面に堆積してケーキ層が形成されることを抑制することができる。つまり、ろ材３４の目開き３４ｂのろ過抵抗が増大することを抑制することができる。 As a result, the first filtration device 91 can prevent the first particles 71 from accumulating on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34 to form a cake layer. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the filtration resistance of the opening 34b of the filter medium 34.
　また、プラスに帯電した水分子７３は、第１電極３１との間に引力が発生する。プラスに帯電した水分子７３に作用する引力は、矢印Ｆ２に示す方向、すなわち第３電極３３から第１電極３１に向かう方向に作用する。プラスに帯電した水分子７３は、第１電極３１側に移動する。この際、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間の電位差により、ろ材３４を厚さ方向に貫通するように、第１電極３１から第２電極３２に向かう電界が形成されている。 Further, the positively charged water molecule 73 generates an attractive force with the first electrode 31. The attractive force acting on the positively charged water molecule 73 acts in the direction indicated by the arrow F2, that is, in the direction from the third electrode 33 toward the first electrode 31. The positively charged water molecule 73 moves to the first electrode 31 side. At this time, an electric field is formed from the first electrode 31 to the second electrode 32 so as to penetrate the filter medium 34 in the thickness direction due to the potential difference between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.
　第１電極３１側に移動した水分子７３は、電界により力を受けて、第２電極３２側に引っ張られてろ材３４を通過する。プラスに帯電した水分子７３の移動に伴って、帯電していない水分子も第２電極３２側に引きずられて、電気浸透流が形成される。これにより、プラスに帯電した水分子７３を含む極性溶媒７２は、第２ろ室３５に流れる。上述したように、第１粒子７１は、電気泳動により第１電極３１から引き離され、第３電極３３側に移動しており、第１粒子７１が分離された極性溶媒７２が排出されることで、第１ろ室３０内のスラリー（原液）７０の第１粒子７１の濃度を高めることができる。 The water molecule 73 that has moved to the first electrode 31 side receives a force by the electric field, is pulled toward the second electrode 32 side, and passes through the filter medium 34. With the movement of the positively charged water molecule 73, the uncharged water molecule is also dragged toward the second electrode 32, and an electroosmotic flow is formed. As a result, the polar solvent 72 containing the positively charged water molecule 73 flows into the second filter chamber 35. As described above, the first particle 71 is separated from the first electrode 31 by electrophoresis and moved to the third electrode 33 side, and the polar solvent 72 from which the first particle 71 is separated is discharged. , The concentration of the first particle 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 30 can be increased.
　また、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間に形成される電界を制御することで、ろ材３４を通過する粒子レベル（粒子径）も制御することができる。例えば、第１ろ過装置９１において、第１電極３１に第１電位Ｖ１＝－２０Ｖを印加し、第２電極３２に第２電位Ｖ２＝－３０Ｖを印加することで、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間にバリアの電界が形成される。これにより、第１ろ過装置９１は、第１粒子７１がろ材３４を通過することを抑制し、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４がろ材３４を通過することを許容する。このため、第１ろ室３０内のスラリー（原液）７０の第１粒子７１の濃度を高めることができる。 Further, by controlling the electric field formed between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32, the particle level (particle diameter) passing through the filter medium 34 can also be controlled. For example, in the first filtration device 91, the first electrode V1 = -20V is applied to the first electrode 31, and the second potential V2 = -30V is applied to the second electrode 32, whereby the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 31 and the second electrode 31 are applied. A barrier electric field is formed between the electrode 32 and the electrode 32. As a result, the first filtration device 91 suppresses the passage of the first particle 71 through the filter medium 34, and allows the second particle 75 and the third particle 74 to pass through the filter medium 34. Therefore, the concentration of the first particles 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 30 can be increased.
　つまり、精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ膜）相当のろ材３４を用いた場合であっても、第１電源５１、第２電源５２及び第３電源５３での各電極間の電界制御により、限外ろ過膜（ＵＦ膜）、あるいはナノろ過膜（ＮＦ膜）相当まで、分離対象の粒子径を変更することができる。限外ろ過膜（ＵＦ膜）は、開口の径が１０ｎｍ以上１００ｎｍ以下程度のろ過膜である。ナノろ過膜（ＮＦ膜）は、開口の径が１ｎｍ以上１０ｎｍ以下程度のろ過膜である。 That is, even when a filter medium 34 equivalent to a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane) is used, the ultrafiltration membrane is controlled by the electric field control between the electrodes of the first power supply 51, the second power supply 52, and the third power supply 53. The particle size to be separated can be changed to the equivalent of (UF membrane) or nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane). The ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane) is a filtration membrane having an opening diameter of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less. The nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane) is a filtration membrane having an opening diameter of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
　図４に示すように、第２ろ過装置９２において、第１電極３１に近い位置の第２粒子７５には、より強力な斥力が発生し、第３電極３３に近い位置の第２粒子７５には、より強力な引力が発生する。第２粒子７５に発生する斥力及び引力は、矢印Ｆ１に示す方向、すなわち第１電極３１から離れ第３電極３３に近づく方向に作用する。マイナスに帯電した第２粒子７５は、電気泳動により第３電極３３側に移動する。 As shown in FIG. 4, in the second filtration device 92, a stronger repulsive force is generated in the second particle 75 located near the first electrode 31, and the second particle 75 located near the third electrode 33. Generates a stronger attractive force. The repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the second particle 75 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 31 and closer to the third electrode 33. The negatively charged second particle 75 moves to the third electrode 33 side by electrophoresis.
　これにより、第２ろ過装置９２は、第２粒子７５が第１電極３１の表面及びろ材３４の表面に堆積してケーキ層が形成されることを抑制することができる。つまり、ろ材３４の目開き３４ｂのろ過抵抗が増大することを抑制することができる。 As a result, the second filtration device 92 can prevent the second particles 75 from accumulating on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34 to form a cake layer. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the filtration resistance of the opening 34b of the filter medium 34.
　例えば、第２ろ過装置９２において、第１電極３１に第１電位Ｖ１＝－４０Ｖを印加し、第２電極３２に第２電位Ｖ２＝－５０Ｖを印加することで、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間にバリアの電界が形成される。これにより、第２ろ過装置９２は、第２粒子７５がろ材３４を通過することを抑制し、第３粒子７４がろ材３４を通過することを許容する。このため、第１ろ室３０内の第１中間処理液７９ａの第２粒子７５の濃度を高めることができる。 For example, in the second filtration device 92, the first electrode V1 = -40V is applied to the first electrode 31, and the second potential V2 = -50V is applied to the second electrode 32, whereby the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are applied. A barrier electric field is formed between the electrode 32 and the electrode 32. As a result, the second filtration device 92 suppresses the second particle 75 from passing through the filter medium 34, and allows the third particle 74 to pass through the filter medium 34. Therefore, the concentration of the second particles 75 of the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a in the first filter chamber 30 can be increased.
　図５に示すように、第３ろ過装置９３において、第１電極３１に近い位置の第３粒子７４には、より強力な斥力が発生し、第３電極３３に近い位置の第３粒子７４には、より強力な引力が発生する。第３粒子７４に発生する斥力及び引力は、矢印Ｆ１に示す方向、すなわち第１電極３１から離れ第３電極３３に近づく方向に作用する。マイナスに帯電した第３粒子７４は、電気泳動により第３電極３３側に移動する。 As shown in FIG. 5, in the third filtration device 93, a stronger repulsive force is generated in the third particle 74 located near the first electrode 31, and the third particle 74 located near the third electrode 33. Generates a stronger attractive force. The repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the third particle 74 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 31 and closer to the third electrode 33. The negatively charged third particle 74 moves to the third electrode 33 side by electrophoresis.
　これにより、第３ろ過装置９３は、第３粒子７４が第１電極３１の表面及びろ材３４の表面に堆積してケーキ層が形成されることを抑制することができる。つまり、ろ材３４の目開き３４ｂのろ過抵抗が増大することを抑制することができる。 As a result, the third filtration device 93 can prevent the third particles 74 from accumulating on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34 to form a cake layer. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the filtration resistance of the opening 34b of the filter medium 34.
　例えば、第３ろ過装置９３において、第１電極３１に第１電位Ｖ１＝－６０Ｖを印加し、第２電極３２に第２電位Ｖ２＝－７０Ｖを印加することで、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間にバリアの電界が形成される。これにより、第３ろ過装置９３は、第３粒子７４がろ材３４を通過することを抑制する。このため、第１ろ室３０内の第２中間処理液７９ｂの第３粒子７４の濃度を高めることができる。 For example, in the third filtration device 93, the first electrode V1 = -60V is applied to the first electrode 31, and the second potential V2 = −70V is applied to the second electrode 32, whereby the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are applied. A barrier electric field is formed between the electrode 32 and the electrode 32. As a result, the third filtration device 93 prevents the third particles 74 from passing through the filter medium 34. Therefore, the concentration of the third particles 74 of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the first filter chamber 30 can be increased.
　このように、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３は、第１電極３１と第３電極３３との間で、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４をクーロン力Ｆ（第１粒子７１と第１電極３１との間に発生する斥力）により移動させる電気泳動と、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間の電界により水分子７３を移動させてろ材３４を通過させる電気浸透とを組み合わせることで、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４を分離できる。また、第１電極３１は、電気泳動の電極と、電気浸透の電極とを兼用する。これにより、単純にスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、及び第２中間処理液７９ｂに圧力を加え、ろ材３４の目開き３４ｂよりも大きい粒径の第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４を分離する方法に比べて、第１電極３１の表面及びろ材３４の表面にケーキ層が形成されることを抑制することができ、ろ過速度を数倍から１０倍以上に向上させることができる。 As described above, in the first filtering device 91, the second filtering device 92, and the third filtering device 93, the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle are placed between the first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33. The water molecule 73 is moved by the electrophoresis that moves 74 by the Coulomb force F (the repulsive force generated between the first particle 71 and the first electrode 31) and the electric field between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32. The first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 can be separated by combining with the electric permeation that allows the filter medium 34 to pass through. Further, the first electrode 31 also serves as an electrode for electrophoresis and an electrode for electroosmosis. As a result, pressure is simply applied to the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, and the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, and the first particles 71 and the second particles having a particle size larger than the opening 34b of the filter medium 34 are applied. Compared with the method of separating 75 and the third particle 74, it is possible to suppress the formation of a cake layer on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34, and the filtration rate can be increased from several times to 10 times or more. Can be improved.
　結果的に、単純にスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、及び第２中間処理液７９ｂに圧力を加えた方法に比べて、それぞれの第１ろ室３０内での第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４の濃縮度を高めることができる。また、ろ材３４の清掃、交換の頻度を少なくすることができ、効率よくスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂのろ過を行うことができる。あるいは、単純にスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂに圧力を加えてろ過を行う場合に比べて、第１ろ室３０の体積を小さくし、ろ材３４の面積を小さくしても、従来と同程度のろ過速度を実現できる。すなわち、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３は、小型化を図ることができる。 As a result, the first particle 71 in each of the first filter chambers 30 is compared with the method of simply applying pressure to the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, and the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b. , The enrichment of the second particle 75 and the third particle 74 can be increased. In addition, the frequency of cleaning and replacement of the filter medium 34 can be reduced, and the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b can be efficiently filtered. Alternatively, the volume of the first filter chamber 30 is reduced as compared with the case where pressure is simply applied to the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b to perform filtration, and the filter medium 34 is used. Even if the area of the above is reduced, the same level of filtration speed as before can be achieved. That is, the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 can be miniaturized.
　なお、上述した第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３の構成はあくまで一例であり、適宜変更することができる。例えば、第１電極３１、ろ材３４及び第２電極３２が積層されて形成される負極ろ板と、第３電極３３とは、平行平板状に対向配置される。これに限定されず、第１電極３１、ろ材３４及び第２電極３２が積層されて形成される負極ろ板と、第３電極３３とは、それぞれ曲面を有して形成されていてもよい。負極ろ板及び第３電極３３の形状や配置は、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３の形状、構造に応じて適宜変更できる。また、第１ろ室３０に供給されるスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、及び第２中間処理液７９ｂの濃度は、特に限定されず、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３が適用される分野に応じて変更できる。 The configurations of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 described above are merely examples and can be changed as appropriate. For example, the negative electrode filter plate formed by laminating the first electrode 31, the filter medium 34, and the second electrode 32 and the third electrode 33 are arranged so as to face each other in a parallel plate shape. The present invention is not limited to this, and the negative electrode filter plate formed by laminating the first electrode 31, the filter medium 34 and the second electrode 32 and the third electrode 33 may each have a curved surface. The shape and arrangement of the negative electrode filter plate and the third electrode 33 can be appropriately changed according to the shape and structure of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93. The concentrations of the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, and the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b supplied to the first filter chamber 30 are not particularly limited, and the first filtration device 91 and the second filtration device It can be changed depending on the field to which the 92 and the third filtration device 93 are applied.
　実施形態では、第１ろ室３０の内部圧力は、加圧されており、第２ろ室３５の内部圧力よりも大きい。他の態様としては、第２ろ室３５の内部圧力を真空引きするなどにより陰圧することで、第１ろ室３０の内部圧力が、第２ろ室３５の内部圧力よりも相対的に大きくするようにしてもよい。 In the embodiment, the internal pressure of the first filter chamber 30 is pressurized and is larger than the internal pressure of the second filter chamber 35. As another aspect, the internal pressure of the first filter chamber 30 is made relatively larger than the internal pressure of the second filter chamber 35 by applying a negative pressure by vacuuming the internal pressure of the second filter chamber 35 or the like. You may do so.
　また、第１電位Ｖ１、第２電位Ｖ２及び第３電位Ｖ３は、分離対象の第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４の種類や、要求されるろ過特性に応じて適宜変更することが好ましい。 Further, the first potential V1, the second potential V2, and the third potential V3 are appropriately changed according to the types of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 to be separated, and the required filtration characteristics. Is preferable.
　第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３は、第３電源５３を備えていなくてもよい。この場合、第３電極３３は、例えば基準電位ＧＮＤに接続される。第３電極３３を基準電位ＧＮＤに接続する場合、第１電極３１、第２電極３２、第３電極３３のそれぞれに電源を設ける場合に比べ、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３の小型化を図ることができる。 The first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 do not have to include the third power supply 53. In this case, the third electrode 33 is connected to, for example, the reference potential GND. When the third electrode 33 is connected to the reference potential GND, the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the second filtration device 92 are compared with the case where a power source is provided for each of the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, and the third electrode 33. 3 The size of the filtration device 93 can be reduced.
　第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３から排出された第１中間処理液７９ａ、第２中間処理液７９ｂ、及びろ液７９ｃは、必ずしも加圧装置によって搬送されなくてもよく、例えば作業者によって手動で搬送されてもよい。すなわち、ろ過システム２００を用いるろ過方法が、第１ろ過装置９１の第２ろ室３５の第１中間処理液７９ａを、第２ろ過装置９２の第１ろ室３０へ供給するステップと、第２ろ過装置９２の第２ろ室３５の第２中間処理液７９ｂを、第３ろ過装置９３の第１ろ室３０へ供給するステップと、第３ろ過装置９３の第２ろ室３５のろ液７９ｃを、タンク８０に戻すステップと、を有していてもよい。 The first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, and the filtrate 79c discharged from the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93 are not necessarily conveyed by the pressurizing device. It may also be transported manually, for example by an operator. That is, the filtration method using the filtration system 200 includes a step of supplying the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a of the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92, and a second. The step of supplying the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b of the second filter chamber 35 of the filtration device 92 to the first filter chamber 30 of the third filtration device 93 and the filtrate 79c of the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtration device 93. May have a step of returning to the tank 80.
　以上説明したように、第１実施形態のろ過システム２００は、第１ろ過装置９１と、第２ろ過装置９２とを備える。第１ろ過装置９１及び第２ろ過装置９２は、それぞれ、複数の第１開口３１ｂが設けられた第１電極３１と、複数の第２開口３２ｂが設けられ、第１電極３１の一方の面と対向して設けられた第２電極３２と、複数の第３開３４ｂ口が設けられ、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間に設けられたろ材３４と、第１電極３１の他方の面と接して設けられる第１ろ室３０と、第１ろ室３０に設けられ、第１電極３１と対向する第３電極３３と、第２電極３２の他方の面と接して設けられる第２ろ室３５と、を有する。第１ろ過装置９１の第２ろ室３５の中間処理液（第１中間処理液７９ａ）が、第２ろ過装置９２の第１ろ室３０へ供給される。 As described above, the filtration system 200 of the first embodiment includes a first filtration device 91 and a second filtration device 92. The first filtration device 91 and the second filtration device 92 are each provided with a first electrode 31 provided with a plurality of first openings 31b and a plurality of second openings 32b with one surface of the first electrode 31. A second electrode 32 provided so as to face each other, a filter medium 34 provided between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 provided with a plurality of third opening 34b ports, and the other of the first electrode 31. A first filter chamber 30 provided in contact with a surface, a third electrode 33 provided in the first filter chamber 30 facing the first electrode 31, and a second filter provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode 32. It has a filter chamber 35 and. The intermediate treatment liquid (first intermediate treatment liquid 79a) of the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91 is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 of the second filtration device 92.
　これによれば、第１ろ過装置９１及び第２ろ過装置９２では、第１電極３１と第３電極３３との間で粒子に発生するクーロン力Ｆ（第１粒子７１と第１電極３１との間に発生する斥力）により粒子が第１電極３１から第３電極３３に向かう方向に移動する。このような電気泳動により、第１電極３１の表面及びろ材３４の表面にケーキ層が形成されることを抑制することができる。また、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との間の電界により水分子７３を移動させてろ材３４を透過させる電気浸透により、粒子を分離でき、第１ろ室３０内でのスラリー（原液）７０の粒子の濃縮度を高めることができる。これにより、単純にスラリー（原液）７０に圧力を加え、ろ材３４の目開き３４ｂよりも大きい粒径の粒子を分離する方法に比べて、ろ過速度を数倍から１０倍以上に向上させることができる。 According to this, in the first filtration device 91 and the second filtration device 92, the Coulomb force F (the first particle 71 and the first electrode 31) generated in the particles between the first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33 The particles move in the direction from the first electrode 31 to the third electrode 33 due to the repulsive force generated between them. By such electrophoresis, it is possible to suppress the formation of a cake layer on the surface of the first electrode 31 and the surface of the filter medium 34. Further, particles can be separated by electroosmosis in which water molecules 73 are moved by an electric field between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 and permeate through the filter medium 34, and the slurry (stock solution) in the first filter chamber 30. The concentration of 70 particles can be increased. As a result, the filtration rate can be improved several to 10 times or more as compared with the method of simply applying pressure to the slurry (stock solution) 70 to separate particles having a particle size larger than the opening 34b of the filter medium 34. can.
　また、ろ過システム２００において、第２電極３２の第２電位Ｖ２の絶対値は、第１電極３１の第１電位Ｖ１の絶対値よりも大きい。第１電位Ｖ１と第３電極３３の第３電位Ｖ３との第１電位差は、第１電位Ｖ１と第２電位Ｖ２との第２電位差よりも大きい。第２ろ過装置９２における第１電位差は、第１ろ過装置９１における第１電位差よりも大きい。 Further, in the filtration system 200, the absolute value of the second potential V2 of the second electrode 32 is larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1 of the first electrode 31. The first potential difference between the first potential V1 and the third potential V3 of the third electrode 33 is larger than the second potential difference between the first potential V1 and the second potential V2. The first potential difference in the second filtration device 92 is larger than the first potential difference in the first filtration device 91.
　これによれば、第１電極３１と第２電極３２との距離に比べ、ろ材３４を挟んで対向する第１電極３１と第３電極３３との距離が大きい場合でも、電気泳動により、良好に第１粒子７１を第３電極３３側に移動させることができる。また、第１ろ過装置９１及び第２ろ過装置９２のそれぞれにおいて、異なる粒子が分離される。ろ過システム２００は、２種類の粒子を含むスラリー（原液）７０から、第１粒子７１及び第２粒子７５を別々に分離することができる。 According to this, even when the distance between the first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33 facing each other across the filter medium 34 is larger than the distance between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32, the distance is good by electrophoresis. The first particle 71 can be moved to the third electrode 33 side. Further, different particles are separated in each of the first filtration device 91 and the second filtration device 92. The filtration system 200 can separately separate the first particles 71 and the second particles 75 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing the two types of particles.
　また、ろ過システム２００は、第２ろ過装置９２における第１ろ室３０へ、第１ろ過装置９１における、第２ろ室３５の中間処理液（第１中間処理液７９ａ）を供給するための第２加圧装置９６をさらに備える。 Further, the filtration system 200 is a first for supplying the intermediate treatment liquid (first intermediate treatment liquid 79a) of the second filter chamber 35 in the first filtration device 91 to the first filter chamber 30 in the second filtration device 92. 2 The pressurizing device 96 is further provided.
　これによれば、第２ろ過装置９２における第１ろ室３０の圧力を高めることができる。このため、ろ過システム２００は、第２ろ過装置９２のろ過速度をより向上させることができる。 According to this, the pressure of the first filter chamber 30 in the second filtration device 92 can be increased. Therefore, the filtration system 200 can further improve the filtration rate of the second filtration device 92.
　また、ろ過システム２００は、第３ろ過装置９３をさらに備える。第３ろ過装置９３は、複数の第１開口３１ｂが設けられた第１電極３１と、複数の第２開口３２ｂが設けられ、当該第１電極３１の一方の面と対向して設けられた第２電極３２と、複数の目開き３４ｂが設けられ、当該第１電極３１と当該第２電極３２との間に設けられたろ材３４と、当該第１電極３１の他方の面と接して設けられる第１ろ室３０と、当該第１ろ室３０に設けられ、当該第１電極３１と対向する第３電極３３と、当該第２電極３２の他方の面と接して設けられる第２ろ室３５と、を有する。第３ろ過装置９３において、第１電極３１の第１電位Ｖ１と第３電極３３の第３電位Ｖ３との第１電位差は、第１電位Ｖ１と第２電極３２の第２電位Ｖ２との第２電位差よりも大きい。第２ろ過装置９２における、第２ろ室３５の中間処理液（第２中間処理液７９ｂ）が、第３ろ過装置９３における第１ろ室３０へ供給される。第３ろ過装置９３における第１電位差は、第２ろ過装置９２における第１電位差よりも大きい。 Further, the filtration system 200 further includes a third filtration device 93. The third filtration device 93 is provided with a first electrode 31 provided with a plurality of first openings 31b and a second electrode 31 provided with a plurality of second openings 32b facing the one surface of the first electrode 31. The two electrodes 32 and a plurality of openings 34b are provided, and the filter medium 34 provided between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 is provided in contact with the other surface of the first electrode 31. The first filter chamber 30, the third electrode 33 provided in the first filter chamber 30 and facing the first electrode 31, and the second filter chamber 35 provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode 32. And have. In the third filtration device 93, the first potential difference between the first potential V1 of the first electrode 31 and the third potential V3 of the third electrode 33 is the second potential V2 between the first potential V1 and the second electrode 32. Greater than 2 potential differences. The intermediate treatment liquid (second intermediate treatment liquid 79b) of the second filter chamber 35 in the second filtration device 92 is supplied to the first filter chamber 30 in the third filtration device 93. The first potential difference in the third filtration device 93 is larger than the first potential difference in the second filtration device 92.
　これによれば、第１ろ過装置９１、第２ろ過装置９２及び第３ろ過装置９３のそれぞれにおいて、異なる粒子が分離される。ろ過システム２００は、３種類の粒子を含むスラリー（原液）７０から、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４を別々に分離することができる。 According to this, different particles are separated in each of the first filtration device 91, the second filtration device 92, and the third filtration device 93. The filtration system 200 can separately separate the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing three kinds of particles.
（第１実施形態の第１変形例）
　図８は、第１実施形態の第１変形例に係る第１ろ過装置、第２ろ過装置及び第３ろ過装置の模式図である。なお、上述した実施形態で説明したものと同じ構成要素には同一の符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。 (First modification of the first embodiment)
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the first modification of the first embodiment. The same components as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted.
　図８に示すように、第１実施形態の第１変形例に係るろ過システム２００Ａは、直列に接続された第１ろ過装置９１Ａと、第２ろ過装置９２Ａと、第３ろ過装置９３Ａと、を備える。第１ろ過装置９１Ａ、第２ろ過装置９２Ａ及び第３ろ過装置９３Ａのそれぞれは、筐体２０と、筐体２０の内部に配置される４つのろ過ユニット１００と、第２ろ室３５と、２つの第１電源５１と、２つの第２電源５２と、２つの第３電源５３と、を備える。４つのろ過ユニット１００は、ろ過ユニット１０１と、ろ過ユニット１０２と、ろ過ユニット１０５と、ろ過ユニット１０６と、を含む。ろ過ユニット１０１及びろ過ユニット１０２は、一方向Ｘに並んで配置される。ろ過ユニット１０５及びろ過ユニット１０６は、一方向Ｘに並んで配置される。ろ過ユニット１０１及びろ過ユニット１０５は、一方向Ｘに対して直交する他方向Ｙに並んで配置される。ろ過ユニット１０２及びろ過ユニット１０６は、他方向Ｙに並んで配置される。それぞれのろ過ユニット１００は、第１ろ室３０と、第１電極３１と、第２電極３２と、第３電極３３と、ろ材３４と、を有する。 As shown in FIG. 8, the filtration system 200A according to the first modification of the first embodiment includes a first filtration device 91A, a second filtration device 92A, and a third filtration device 93A connected in series. Be prepared. Each of the first filtration device 91A, the second filtration device 92A, and the third filtration device 93A has a housing 20, four filtration units 100 arranged inside the housing 20, a second filter chamber 35, and two. It includes one first power source 51, two second power sources 52, and two third power sources 53. The four filtration units 100 include a filtration unit 101, a filtration unit 102, a filtration unit 105, and a filtration unit 106. The filtration unit 101 and the filtration unit 102 are arranged side by side in one direction X. The filtration unit 105 and the filtration unit 106 are arranged side by side in one direction X. The filtration unit 101 and the filtration unit 105 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y orthogonal to the one direction X. The filtration unit 102 and the filtration unit 106 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y. Each filtration unit 100 has a first filter chamber 30, a first electrode 31, a second electrode 32, a third electrode 33, and a filter medium 34.
　１つのろ過ユニット１００が備える第１電極３１、第２電極３２、第３電極３３、及びろ材３４は、他方向Ｙで隣り合うろ過ユニット１００と共用される。言い換えると、１つの第１電極３１、１つの第２電極３２、１つの第３電極３３及び１つのろ材３４は、他方向Ｙで隣り合うろ過ユニット１００（ろ過ユニット１０１及びろ過ユニット１０５の組、並びにろ過ユニット１０２及びろ過ユニット１０６の組）で共用される。 The first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33, and the filter medium 34 included in one filtration unit 100 are shared with the adjacent filtration units 100 in the other direction Y. In other words, one first electrode 31, one second electrode 32, one third electrode 33, and one filter medium 34 are adjacent filtration units 100 (a set of filtration unit 101 and filtration unit 105) in the other direction Y. And the set of filtration unit 102 and filtration unit 106).
　ろ過ユニット１０１及びろ過ユニット１０５では、一方向Ｘにおいて（図８の上から下に向かって）、複数の電極が、第３電極３３、第１電極３１、第２電極３２の順に並ぶ。ろ過ユニット１０２及びろ過ユニット１０６では、一方向Ｘにおいて（図８の上から下に向かって）、複数の電極が、第２電極３２、第１電極３１、第３電極３３の順に並ぶ。 In the filtration unit 101 and the filtration unit 105, in one direction X (from top to bottom in FIG. 8), a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the third electrode 33, the first electrode 31, and the second electrode 32. In the filtration unit 102 and the filtration unit 106, in one direction X (from top to bottom in FIG. 8), a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the second electrode 32, the first electrode 31, and the third electrode 33.
　筐体２０には、供給部８１と、第１排出部８３と、第２排出部８５とが接続されている。供給部８１は、スラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂを第１ろ室３０に供給する配管である。第１排出部８３は、スラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂの一部を第１ろ室３０から排出するための配管である。第１排出部８３は、供給部８１とは異なる位置に設けられる。第１排出部８３は、バルブ８４を備える。バルブ８４が開放された場合に、第１排出部８３は、第１ろ室３０のスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂを排出する。第１排出部８３は、濃縮液７６を排出するためにも用いられる。濃縮液７６は、濃縮されたスラリー（原液）７０である。第２排出部８５は、第２ろ室３５にある第１中間処理液７９ａ、第２中間処理液７９ｂ、又はろ液９２ｃを第２ろ室３５から排出するための配管である。第２ろ室３５は、筐体２０の内壁、及び２つの第２電極３２で囲まれる。第２ろ室３５は、一方向Ｘに並んだ２つのろ過ユニット１００の間に配置される。 A supply unit 81, a first discharge unit 83, and a second discharge unit 85 are connected to the housing 20. The supply unit 81 is a pipe that supplies the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b to the first filter chamber 30. The first discharge unit 83 is a pipe for discharging a part of the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b from the first filter chamber 30. The first discharge unit 83 is provided at a position different from that of the supply unit 81. The first discharge unit 83 includes a valve 84. When the valve 84 is opened, the first discharge unit 83 discharges the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b of the first filter chamber 30. The first discharge unit 83 is also used to discharge the concentrated liquid 76. The concentrate 76 is a concentrated slurry (stock solution) 70. The second discharge unit 85 is a pipe for discharging the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, or the filtrate 92c in the second filter chamber 35 from the second filter chamber 35. The second filter chamber 35 is surrounded by the inner wall of the housing 20 and the two second electrodes 32. The second filter chamber 35 is arranged between two filtration units 100 arranged in one direction X.
　第１ろ過装置９１Ａにおいて、各電極の駆動によりスラリー（原液）７０の第１粒子７１（図３参照）に斥力が働くので、第１粒子７１の分散状況に濃度勾配が生じる。第１粒子７１が分離されたスラリー（原液）７０は、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４を通して、第２ろ室３５に流れる。第１ろ過装置９１Ａの第２ろ室３５にある第１中間処理液７９ａは、第２排出部８５を介して第２ろ過装置９２Ａに供給される。 In the first filtration device 91A, a repulsive force acts on the first particle 71 (see FIG. 3) of the slurry (stock solution) 70 by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the first particle 71. The slurry (stock solution) 70 from which the first particles 71 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34. The first intermediate treatment liquid 79a in the second filter chamber 35 of the first filtration device 91A is supplied to the second filtration device 92A via the second discharge unit 85.
　第２ろ過装置９２Ａにおいて、各電極の駆動により第１中間処理液７９ａの第２粒子７５（図４参照）に斥力が働くので、第２粒子７５の分散状況に濃度勾配が生じる。第２粒子７５が分離された第１中間処理液７９ａは、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４を通して、第２ろ室３５に流れる。第２ろ過装置９２Ａの第２ろ室３５にある第２中間処理液７９ｂは、第２排出部８５を介して第３ろ過装置９３Ａに供給される。 In the second filtration device 92A, a repulsive force acts on the second particles 75 (see FIG. 4) of the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the second particles 75. The first intermediate treatment liquid 79a from which the second particles 75 are separated flows into the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34. The second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the second filter chamber 35 of the second filtration device 92A is supplied to the third filtration device 93A via the second discharge unit 85.
　第３ろ過装置９３Ａにおいて、各電極の駆動により第２中間処理液７９ｂの第３粒子７４（図５参照）に斥力が働くので、第３粒子７４の分散状況に濃度勾配が生じる。第３粒子７４が分離された第２中間処理液７９ｂは、第１電極３１、第２電極３２及びろ材３４を通して、第２ろ室３５に流れる。第３ろ過装置９３Ａの第２ろ室３５にあるろ液７９ｃは、第２排出部８５を介してスラリー（原液）７０が貯留されたタンク８０に戻される。ろ液７９ｃは、極性溶媒７２である。 In the third filtration device 93A, a repulsive force acts on the third particle 74 (see FIG. 5) of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b by driving each electrode, so that a concentration gradient occurs in the dispersion state of the third particle 74. The second intermediate treatment liquid 79b from which the third particles 74 are separated flows to the second filter chamber 35 through the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32 and the filter medium 34. The filtrate 79c in the second filter chamber 35 of the third filtration device 93A is returned to the tank 80 in which the slurry (stock solution) 70 is stored via the second discharge unit 85. The filtrate 79c is a polar solvent 72.
　なお、ろ過システム２００Ａにおいて、複数のろ過ユニット１００は、一方向Ｘ及び他方向Ｙの両方に対して直交する方向（図８における紙面の奥行き方向）に並んで配置されてもよい。すなわち、複数のろ過ユニット１００は、３次元的に並んで配置されてもよい。 In the filtration system 200A, the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged side by side in a direction orthogonal to both the one direction X and the other direction Y (the depth direction of the paper surface in FIG. 8). That is, the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged three-dimensionally side by side.
　第１ろ過装置９１Ａ、第２ろ過装置９２Ａ及び第３ろ過装置９３Ａのそれぞれは、必ずしも第１電源５１、第２電源５２、及び第３電源５３を２つずつ備えていなくてもよい。第１電源５１、第２電源５２、及び第３電源５３のうち定電圧電源である電源の数は、１つであってもよい。例えば、第１電源５１及び第３電源５３が定電圧電源である場合、第１電源５１及び第３電源５３の数が１つであってもよい。この場合、１つの第１電源５１が複数の第１電極３１に接続され、１つの第３電源５３が複数の第３電極３３に接続される。 Each of the first filtration device 91A, the second filtration device 92A, and the third filtration device 93A does not necessarily have to include two first power sources 51, two second power sources 52, and two third power sources 53. Of the first power supply 51, the second power supply 52, and the third power supply 53, the number of power supplies that are constant voltage power supplies may be one. For example, when the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 are constant voltage power supplies, the number of the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 may be one. In this case, one first power source 51 is connected to the plurality of first electrodes 31, and one third power source 53 is connected to the plurality of third electrodes 33.
（第１実施形態の第２変形例）
　図９は図８にならって変形したものである。図９は、第１実施形態の第２変形例に係る第１ろ過装置、第２ろ過装置及び第３ろ過装置の模式図である。なお、上述した実施形態で説明したものと同じ構成要素には同一の符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。 (Second variant of the first embodiment)
FIG. 9 is a modification of FIG. 8. FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the first filtration device, the second filtration device, and the third filtration device according to the second modification of the first embodiment. The same components as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted.
　図９に示すように、第１実施形態の第２変形例に係るろ過システム２００Ｂは、直列に接続された第１ろ過装置９１Ｂと、第２ろ過装置９２Ｂと、第３ろ過装置９３Ｂと、を備える。第１ろ過装置９１Ｂ、第２ろ過装置９２Ｂ、及び第３ろ過装置９３Ｂのそれぞれは、８つのろ過ユニット１００と、２つの第２ろ室３５と、４つの第１電源５１と、４つの第２電源５２と、４つの第３電源５３と、を備える。８つのろ過ユニット１００は、ろ過ユニット１０１と、ろ過ユニット１０２と、ろ過ユニット１０３と、ろ過ユニット１０４と、ろ過ユニット１０５と、ろ過ユニット１０６と、ろ過ユニット１０７と、ろ過ユニット１０８と、を含む。ろ過ユニット１０１、ろ過ユニット１０２、ろ過ユニット１０３と、及びろ過ユニット１０４は、一方向Ｘに並んで配置される。ろ過ユニット１０５及びろ過ユニット１０６、ろ過ユニット１０７、及びろ過ユニット１０８は、一方向Ｘに並んで配置される。ろ過ユニット１０３及びろ過ユニット１０７は、他方向Ｙに並んで配置される。ろ過ユニット１０４及びろ過ユニット１０８は、他方向Ｙに並んで配置される。 As shown in FIG. 9, the filtration system 200B according to the second modification of the first embodiment includes a first filtration device 91B, a second filtration device 92B, and a third filtration device 93B connected in series. Be prepared. Each of the first filtration device 91B, the second filtration device 92B, and the third filtration device 93B has eight filtration units 100, two second filter chambers 35, four first power supplies 51, and four second filters. It includes a power source 52 and four third power sources 53. The eight filtration units 100 include a filtration unit 101, a filtration unit 102, a filtration unit 103, a filtration unit 104, a filtration unit 105, a filtration unit 106, a filtration unit 107, and a filtration unit 108. The filtration unit 101, the filtration unit 102, the filtration unit 103, and the filtration unit 104 are arranged side by side in one direction X. The filtration unit 105, the filtration unit 106, the filtration unit 107, and the filtration unit 108 are arranged side by side in one direction X. The filtration unit 103 and the filtration unit 107 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y. The filtration unit 104 and the filtration unit 108 are arranged side by side in the other direction Y.
　１つのろ過ユニット１００が備える第１電極３１、第２電極３２、第３電極３３、及びろ材３４は、他方向Ｙで隣り合うろ過ユニット１００と共用される。言い換えると、１つの第１電極３１、１つの第２電極３２、１つの第３電極３３及び１つのろ材３４は、他方向Ｙで隣り合うろ過ユニット１００（ろ過ユニット１０３及びろ過ユニット１０７の組、並びにろ過ユニット１０４及びろ過ユニット１０８の組）で共用される。 The first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33, and the filter medium 34 included in one filtration unit 100 are shared with the adjacent filtration units 100 in the other direction Y. In other words, one first electrode 31, one second electrode 32, one third electrode 33, and one filter medium 34 are adjacent filtration units 100 (a set of filtration unit 103 and filtration unit 107) in the other direction Y. And is shared by the set of filtration unit 104 and filtration unit 108).
　ろ過ユニット１０３及びろ過ユニット１０７では、一方向Ｘにおいて（図９の上から下に向かって）、複数の電極が、第３電極３３、第１電極３１、第２電極３２の順に並ぶ。ろ過ユニット１０４及びろ過ユニット１０８では、一方向Ｘにおいて（図９の上から下に向かって）、複数の電極が、第２電極３２、第１電極３１、第３電極３３の順に並ぶ。 In the filtration unit 103 and the filtration unit 107, in one direction X (from top to bottom in FIG. 9), a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the third electrode 33, the first electrode 31, and the second electrode 32. In the filtration unit 104 and the filtration unit 108, in one direction X (from top to bottom in FIG. 9), a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the order of the second electrode 32, the first electrode 31, and the third electrode 33.
　ろ過ユニット１０２が備える第３電極３３は、一方向Ｘで隣り合うろ過ユニット１０３と共用される。ろ過ユニット１０６が備える第３電極３３は、一方向Ｘで隣り合うろ過ユニット１０７と共用される。言い換えると、一方向Ｘに２つの並んだ第１ろ室３０の間は、一方向Ｘに隣り合うろ過ユニット１００（ろ過ユニット１０２及びろ過ユニット１０３の組、並びにろ過ユニット１０６及びろ過ユニット１０７の組）で共用される第３電極３３で区画されている。 The third electrode 33 included in the filtration unit 102 is shared with the adjacent filtration units 103 in one direction X. The third electrode 33 included in the filtration unit 106 is shared with the adjacent filtration units 107 in one direction X. In other words, between the two side-by-side first filter chambers 30 in one direction X, the filtration unit 100 (the set of the filtration unit 102 and the filtration unit 103, and the set of the filtration unit 106 and the filtration unit 107) adjacent to each other in the one direction X. ) Is partitioned by the third electrode 33 shared by.
　第１排出部８３１は、ろ過ユニット１０５及びろ過ユニット１０６の第１ろ室３０のスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂを排出する。第１排出部８３１は、濃縮液７６を排出するためにも用いられる。第２排出部８５１は、ろ過ユニット１０５及びろ過ユニット１０６の間の第２ろ室３５にある第１中間処理液７９ａ、第２中間処理液７９ｂ、又はろ液９２ｃを第２ろ室３５から排出するための配管である。第２排出部８５１は、ろ過ユニット１０３及びろ過ユニット１０４の第１ろ室３０に接続される。 The first discharge unit 831 discharges the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the first filter chamber 30 of the filtration unit 105 and the filtration unit 106. The first discharge unit 831 is also used to discharge the concentrated liquid 76. The second discharge unit 851 discharges the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, or the filtrate 92c in the second filter chamber 35 between the filtration unit 105 and the filtration unit 106 from the second filter chamber 35. It is a piping for doing. The second discharge unit 851 is connected to the filtration unit 103 and the first filter chamber 30 of the filtration unit 104.
　第３排出部８３２は、ろ過ユニット１０７及びろ過ユニット１０８の第１ろ室３０のスラリー（原液）７０、第１中間処理液７９ａ、又は第２中間処理液７９ｂを排出する。第３排出部８３２は、濃縮液７６を排出するためにも用いられる。第４排出部８５２は、ろ過ユニット１０７及びろ過ユニット１０８の間の第２ろ室３５にある第１中間処理液７９ａ、第２中間処理液７９ｂ、又はろ液９２ｃを第２ろ室３５から排出するための配管である。 The third discharge unit 832 discharges the slurry (stock solution) 70, the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, or the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the first filter chamber 30 of the filtration unit 107 and the filtration unit 108. The third discharge unit 832 is also used to discharge the concentrated liquid 76. The fourth discharge unit 852 discharges the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a, the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b, or the filtrate 92c in the second filter chamber 35 between the filtration unit 107 and the filtration unit 108 from the second filter chamber 35. It is a piping for doing.
　なお、第１ろ過装置９１Ｂと、第２ろ過装置９２Ｂと、第３ろ過装置９３Ｂにおいては、必ずしも４のろ過ユニット１００が一方向Ｘに並んでいなくてもよい。一方向Ｘに並ぶろ過ユニット１００の数は、３つであってもよいし、５つ以上であってもよい。また、一方向Ｘに２つの並んだ第１ろ室３０の間に配置される第３電極３３は、必ずしも２つのろ過ユニット１００で共用されなくてもよい。すなわち、一方向Ｘに２つの並んだ第１ろ室３０の間に、互いに絶縁された２つの第３電極３３が配置されてもよい。 In the first filtration device 91B, the second filtration device 92B, and the third filtration device 93B, the filtration units 100 of 4 do not necessarily have to be arranged in one direction X. The number of filtration units 100 arranged in one direction X may be three or five or more. Further, the third electrode 33 arranged between the two arranged first filter chambers 30 in one direction X does not necessarily have to be shared by the two filtration units 100. That is, two third electrodes 33 isolated from each other may be arranged between the two arranged first filter chambers 30 in one direction X.
　なお、ろ過システム２００Ｂにおいて、複数のろ過ユニット１００は、一方向Ｘ及び他方向Ｙの両方に対して直交する方向（図９における紙面の奥行き方向）に並んで配置されてもよい。すなわち、複数のろ過ユニット１００は、３次元的に並んで配置されてもよい。 In the filtration system 200B, the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged side by side in a direction orthogonal to both one direction X and the other direction Y (the depth direction of the paper surface in FIG. 9). That is, the plurality of filtration units 100 may be arranged three-dimensionally side by side.
　第１ろ過装置９１Ｂ、第２ろ過装置９２Ｂ及び第３ろ過装置９３Ｂのそれぞれは、必ずしも第１電源５１、第２電源５２、及び第３電源５３を４つずつ備えていなくてもよい。第１電源５１、第２電源５２、及び第３電源５３のうち定電圧電源である電源の数は、１つであってもよい。例えば、第１電源５１及び第３電源５３が定電圧電源である場合、第１電源５１及び第３電源５３の数が１つであってもよい。この場合、１つの第１電源５１が複数の第１電極３１に接続され、１つの第３電源５３が複数の第３電極３３に接続される。 Each of the first filtration device 91B, the second filtration device 92B, and the third filtration device 93B does not necessarily have to include four first power sources 51, four second power sources 52, and four third power sources 53. Of the first power supply 51, the second power supply 52, and the third power supply 53, the number of power supplies that are constant voltage power supplies may be one. For example, when the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 are constant voltage power supplies, the number of the first power supply 51 and the third power supply 53 may be one. In this case, one first power source 51 is connected to the plurality of first electrodes 31, and one third power source 53 is connected to the plurality of third electrodes 33.
（第２実施形態）
　図１０は、第２実施形態に係るろ過装置の模式図である。なお、上述した実施形態で説明したものと同じ構成要素には同一の符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the filtration device according to the second embodiment. The same components as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted.
　図１０に示すように、第２実施形態のろ過装置１０は、筐体４０と、第１ろ室４００と、第１電極４０１と、第２電極４０２と、第３電極４０３と、第１ろ材４０４と、第２ろ室４０５と、第４電極４１１と、第５電極４１２と、第２ろ材４１４と、第３ろ室４１５と、第６電極４２１と、第７電極４２２と、第３ろ材４２４と、第４ろ室４２５と、第１電源６１と、第２電源６２と、第４電源６４と、第５電源６５と、第６電源６６と、第７電源６７と、を有する。 As shown in FIG. 10, the filtration device 10 of the second embodiment includes a housing 40, a first filter chamber 400, a first electrode 401, a second electrode 402, a third electrode 403, and a first filter medium. 404, 2nd filter chamber 405, 4th electrode 411, 5th electrode 412, 2nd filter medium 414, 3rd filter chamber 415, 6th electrode 421, 7th electrode 422, and 3rd filter medium. It has a 424, a fourth filter chamber 425, a first power supply 61, a second power supply 62, a fourth power supply 64, a fifth power supply 65, a sixth power supply 66, and a seventh power supply 67.
　第１ろ室４００は、筐体４０の内壁、第１電極４０１、及び第３電極４０３で囲まれた空間である。第１電極４０１及び第２電極４０２は、メッシュ状の電極である。具体的には、第１電極４０１は、複数の導電細線４０１ａを有し、複数の導電細線４０１ａの間に複数の第１開口４０１ｂが設けられる。第２電極４０２は、複数の導電細線４０２ａを有し、複数の導電細線４０２ａの間に複数の第２開口４０２ｂが設けられる。第２電極４０２は、第１ろ材４０４を介して第１電極４０１の一方の面（下面）と対向して設けられる。言い換えると、第１ろ材４０４は、第１電極４０１と第２電極４０２との間に設けられる。第１電極４０１及び第２電極４０２は、第１ろ材４０４と直接、接して設けられる。第３電極４０３は、板状の部材であり、第１ろ室４００を挟んで第１電極４０１の他方の面（上面）と対向して設けられる。 The first filter chamber 400 is a space surrounded by the inner wall of the housing 40, the first electrode 401, and the third electrode 403. The first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 are mesh-shaped electrodes. Specifically, the first electrode 401 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 401a, and a plurality of first openings 401b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 401a. The second electrode 402 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 402a, and a plurality of second openings 402b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 402a. The second electrode 402 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the first electrode 401 via the first filter medium 404. In other words, the first filter medium 404 is provided between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402. The first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 are provided in direct contact with the first filter medium 404. The third electrode 403 is a plate-shaped member, and is provided so as to face the other surface (upper surface) of the first electrode 401 with the first filter chamber 400 interposed therebetween.
　第１ろ材４０４は、ろ過膜４０４ａと、第１目開き４０４ｂと、を含む。ろ過膜４０４ａに複数の第１目開き４０４ｂが設けられている。ろ過膜４０４ａに対して電界が働く。第１ろ材４０４は、例えば、精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ膜（Ｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｌｔａｔｉｏｎ　Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ））が用いられる。実施形態では、第１ろ材４０４は、樹脂材料等の絶縁材料で形成されている。第２ろ室４０５は、第２電極４０２を挟んで第１電極４０１とは反対側に配置される。第２ろ室４０５は、第２電極４０２と接して設けられる。 The first filter medium 404 includes a filtration membrane 404a and a first opening 404b. The filtration membrane 404a is provided with a plurality of first opening 404b. An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 404a. As the first filter medium 404, for example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane) is used. In the embodiment, the first filter medium 404 is formed of an insulating material such as a resin material. The second filter chamber 405 is arranged on the side opposite to the first electrode 401 with the second electrode 402 interposed therebetween. The second filter chamber 405 is provided in contact with the second electrode 402.
　第１電極４０１は、第１電源６１の第２端子６１ｂと電気的に接続される。また、第１電極４０１は、第２電源６２の第１端子６２ａと電気的に接続される。第２電極４０２は、第２電源６２の第２端子６２ｂと電気的に接続される。第３電極４０３及び第１電源６１の第１端子６１ａは、基準電位ＧＮＤに接続される。 The first electrode 401 is electrically connected to the second terminal 61b of the first power supply 61. Further, the first electrode 401 is electrically connected to the first terminal 62a of the second power supply 62. The second electrode 402 is electrically connected to the second terminal 62b of the second power supply 62. The third electrode 403 and the first terminal 61a of the first power supply 61 are connected to the reference potential GND.
　第１電源６１は、第１電極４０１に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性の第１電位Ｖ１を供給する。第１電位Ｖ１は、例えば－２０Ｖである。第２電源６２は、第２電極４０２に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性であって、第１電位Ｖ１の絶対値よりも大きい絶対値の第２電位Ｖ２を供給する。第２電位Ｖ２は、例えば－３０Ｖである。第１電極４０１の第１電位Ｖ１（－２０Ｖ）と第３電極４０３の第３電位（０Ｖ）との電位差（２０Ｖ）は、第１電位Ｖ１（－２０Ｖ）と第２電極４０２の第２電位Ｖ２（－３０）との電位差（１０Ｖ）よりも大きい。なお、ろ過装置１０がさらに第３電源を備えており、第３電源が第３電極４０３に第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と異なる極性の第３電位Ｖ３（例えば＋３０Ｖ）を供給してもよい。第１電位Ｖ１、第２電位Ｖ２及び第３電位Ｖ３は、絶対値で１ｍＶ以上１０００Ｖ以下の範囲で設定することができる。 The first power supply 61 supplies the first electrode 401 with a first potential V1 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74. The first potential V1 is, for example, −20 V. The second power source 62 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the second electrode 402, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the first potential V1. Two potentials V2 are supplied. The second potential V2 is, for example, −30 V. The potential difference (20V) between the first potential V1 (-20V) of the first electrode 401 and the third potential (0V) of the third electrode 403 is the second potential of the first potential V1 (-20V) and the second electrode 402. It is larger than the potential difference (10V) from V2 (-30). The filtration device 10 is further provided with a third power source, and the third power source has a third potential V3 (3rd potential V3) having a polarity different from that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the third electrode 403. For example, + 30V) may be supplied. The first potential V1, the second potential V2, and the third potential V3 can be set in an absolute value in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less.
　第４電極４１１及び第５電極４１２は、メッシュ状の電極である。具体的には、第４電極４１１は、複数の導電細線４１１ａを有し、複数の導電細線４１１ａの間に複数の第４開口４１１ｂが設けられる。第４電極４１１は、第２電極４０２との間に第２ろ室４０５を挟んで配置される。第５電極４１２は、複数の導電細線４１２ａを有し、複数の導電細線４１２ａの間に複数の第５開口４１２ｂが設けられる。第５電極４１２は、第２ろ材４１４を介して第４電極４１１の一方の面（下面）と対向して設けられる。言い換えると、第２ろ材４１４は、第４電極４１１と第５電極４１２との間に設けられる。第４電極４１１及び第５電極４１２は、第２ろ材４１４と直接、接して設けられる。 The 4th electrode 411 and the 5th electrode 412 are mesh-shaped electrodes. Specifically, the fourth electrode 411 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 411a, and a plurality of fourth openings 411b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 411a. The fourth electrode 411 is arranged so as to sandwich the second filter chamber 405 with the second electrode 402. The fifth electrode 412 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 412a, and a plurality of fifth openings 412b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 412a. The fifth electrode 412 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the fourth electrode 411 via the second filter medium 414. In other words, the second filter medium 414 is provided between the fourth electrode 411 and the fifth electrode 412. The fourth electrode 411 and the fifth electrode 412 are provided in direct contact with the second filter medium 414.
　第２ろ材４１４は、ろ過膜４１４ａと、第２目開き４１４ｂと、を含む。ろ過膜４１４ａに複数の第２目開き４１４ｂが設けられている。ろ過膜４１４ａに対して電界が働く。第２目開き４１４ｂの大きさは、第１ろ材４０４の第１目開き４０４ｂと同じである。第２ろ材４１４は、例えば、精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ膜（Ｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｌｔａｔｉｏｎ　Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ））が用いられる。第２ろ材４１４は、樹脂材料等の絶縁材料で形成されている。第３ろ室４１５は、第５電極４１２を挟んで第４電極４１１とは反対側に配置される。第３ろ室４１５は、第５電極４１２と接して設けられる。 The second filter medium 414 includes a filtration membrane 414a and a second opening 414b. The filtration membrane 414a is provided with a plurality of second opening 414b. An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 414a. The size of the second opening 414b is the same as that of the first opening 404b of the first filter medium 404. As the second filter medium 414, for example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane (Microfiltration Membrane)) is used. The second filter medium 414 is made of an insulating material such as a resin material. The third filter chamber 415 is arranged on the side opposite to the fourth electrode 411 with the fifth electrode 412 interposed therebetween. The third filter chamber 415 is provided in contact with the fifth electrode 412.
　第４電極４１１は、第４電源６４の第２端子６４ｂと電気的に接続される。また、第４電極４１１は、第５電源６５の第１端子６５ａと電気的に接続される。第５電極４１２は、第５電源６５の第２端子６５ｂと電気的に接続される。第４電源６４の第１端子６４ａは、基準電位ＧＮＤに接続される。 The fourth electrode 411 is electrically connected to the second terminal 64b of the fourth power supply 64. Further, the fourth electrode 411 is electrically connected to the first terminal 65a of the fifth power supply 65. The fifth electrode 412 is electrically connected to the second terminal 65b of the fifth power supply 65. The first terminal 64a of the fourth power supply 64 is connected to the reference potential GND.
　第４電源６４は、第４電極４１１に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性の第４電位Ｖ４を供給する。第４電位Ｖ４は、例えば－４０Ｖである。第５電源６５は、第５電極４１２に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性であって、第４電位Ｖ４の絶対値よりも大きい絶対値の第５電位Ｖ５を供給する。第５電位Ｖ５は、例えば－５０Ｖである。第４電極４１１の第４電位Ｖ４（－４０Ｖ）と第３電位Ｖ３（０Ｖ）との電位差（４０Ｖ）は、第４電位Ｖ４（－４０Ｖ）と第５電極４１２の第５電位（－５０Ｖ）との電位差（１０Ｖ）よりも大きい。第４電位Ｖ４（－４０Ｖ）と第３電位Ｖ３（０Ｖ）との電位差（４０Ｖ）は、第１電位Ｖ１（－２０）と第３電位Ｖ３（０Ｖ）との電位差（２０Ｖ）よりも大きい。第４電位Ｖ４及び第５電位Ｖ５は、絶対値で１ｍＶ以上１０００Ｖ以下の範囲で設定することができる。 The fourth power source 64 supplies the fourth electrode 411 with a fourth potential V4 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74. The fourth potential V4 is, for example, −40 V. The fifth power source 65 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the fifth electrode 412, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the fourth potential V4. 5 Potential V5 is supplied. The fifth potential V5 is, for example, −50 V. The potential difference (40V) between the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the third potential V3 (0V) of the fourth electrode 411 is the fifth potential (-50V) of the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the fifth electrode 412. It is larger than the potential difference (10V) with. The potential difference (40V) between the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the third potential V3 (0V) is larger than the potential difference (20V) between the first potential V1 (-20) and the third potential V3 (0V). The fourth potential V4 and the fifth potential V5 can be set in an absolute value in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less.
　第６電極４２１及び第７電極４２２は、メッシュ状の電極である。具体的には、第６電極４２１は、複数の導電細線４２１ａを有し、複数の導電細線４２１ａの間に複数の第６開口４２１ｂが設けられる。第６電極４２１は、第５電極４１２との間に第３ろ室４１５を挟んで配置される。第７電極４２２は、複数の導電細線４２２ａを有し、複数の導電細線４２２ａの間に複数の第７開口４２２ｂが設けられる。第７電極４２２は、第３ろ材４２４を介して第６電極４２１の一方の面（下面）と対向して設けられる。言い換えると、第３ろ材４２４は、第６電極４２１と第７電極４２２との間に設けられる。第６電極４２１及び第７電極４２２は、第３ろ材４２４と直接、接して設けられる。 The sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422 are mesh-shaped electrodes. Specifically, the sixth electrode 421 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 421a, and a plurality of sixth openings 421b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 421a. The sixth electrode 421 is arranged with the third filter chamber 415 sandwiched between the sixth electrode 421 and the fifth electrode 412. The seventh electrode 422 has a plurality of conductive thin wires 422a, and a plurality of seventh openings 422b are provided between the plurality of conductive thin wires 422a. The seventh electrode 422 is provided so as to face one surface (lower surface) of the sixth electrode 421 via the third filter medium 424. In other words, the third filter medium 424 is provided between the sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422. The sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422 are provided in direct contact with the third filter medium 424.
　第３ろ材４２４は、ろ過膜４２４ａと、第３目開き４２４ｂと、を含む。ろ過膜４２４ａに複数の第３目開き４２４ｂが設けられている。ろ過膜４２４ａに対して電界が働く。第３目開き４２４ｂの大きさは、第２ろ材４１４の第２目開き４１４ｂと同じである。第３ろ材４２４は、例えば、精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ膜（Ｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｌｔａｔｉｏｎ　Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ））が用いられる。第３ろ材４２４は、樹脂材料等の絶縁材料で形成されている。第４ろ室４２５は、第７電極４２２を挟んで第６電極４２１とは反対側に配置される。第４ろ室４２５は、第７電極４２２と接して設けられる。 The third filter medium 424 includes a filtration membrane 424a and a third opening 424b. The filtration membrane 424a is provided with a plurality of third opening 424b. An electric field acts on the filtration membrane 424a. The size of the third opening 424b is the same as that of the second opening 414b of the second filter medium 414. As the third filter medium 424, for example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane (Microfiltration Membrane)) is used. The third filter medium 424 is formed of an insulating material such as a resin material. The fourth filter chamber 425 is arranged on the side opposite to the sixth electrode 421 with the seventh electrode 422 interposed therebetween. The fourth filter chamber 425 is provided in contact with the seventh electrode 422.
　第６電極４２１は、第６電源６６の第２端子６６ｂと電気的に接続される。また、第６電極４２１は、第７電源６７の第１端子６７ａと電気的に接続される。第７電極４２２は、第７電源６７の第２端子６７ｂと電気的に接続される。第６電源６６の第１端子６６ａは、基準電位ＧＮＤに接続される。 The sixth electrode 421 is electrically connected to the second terminal 66b of the sixth power supply 66. Further, the sixth electrode 421 is electrically connected to the first terminal 67a of the seventh power supply 67. The seventh electrode 422 is electrically connected to the second terminal 67b of the seventh power supply 67. The first terminal 66a of the sixth power supply 66 is connected to the reference potential GND.
　第６電源６６は、第６電極４２１に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性の第６電位Ｖ６を供給する。第６電位Ｖ６は、例えば－６０Ｖである。第７電源６７は、第７電極４２２に、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５、及び第３粒子７４の極性と同じ極性であって、第６電位Ｖ６の絶対値よりも大きい絶対値の第７電位Ｖ７を供給する。第７電位Ｖ７は、例えば－７０Ｖである。第６電極４２１の第６電位Ｖ６（－６０Ｖ）と第３電位Ｖ３（０Ｖ）との電位差（６０Ｖ）は、第６電位Ｖ６（－６０Ｖ）と第７電極４２２の第７電位Ｖ７（－７０Ｖ）との電位差（１０Ｖ）よりも大きい。第６電位Ｖ６（－６０Ｖ）と第３電位Ｖ３（０Ｖ）との電位差（６０Ｖ）は、第４電位Ｖ４（－４０Ｖ）と第３電位（０Ｖ）との電位差（４０Ｖ）よりも大きい。第６電位Ｖ６及び第７電位Ｖ７は、絶対値で１ｍＶ以上１０００Ｖ以下の範囲で設定することができる。 The sixth power source 66 supplies the sixth electrode 421 with a sixth potential V6 having the same polarity as that of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74. The sixth potential V6 is, for example, −60 V. The seventh power source 67 has the same polarity as the polarities of the first particle 71, the second particle 75, and the third particle 74 on the seventh electrode 422, and has an absolute value larger than the absolute value of the sixth potential V6. 7 potential V7 is supplied. The seventh potential V7 is, for example, −70 V. The potential difference (60V) between the 6th potential V6 (-60V) and the 3rd potential V3 (0V) of the 6th electrode 421 is the 7th potential V7 (-70V) of the 6th potential V6 (-60V) and the 7th electrode 422. ) Is larger than the potential difference (10V). The potential difference (60V) between the sixth potential V6 (-60V) and the third potential V3 (0V) is larger than the potential difference (40V) between the fourth potential V4 (-40V) and the third potential (0V). The sixth potential V6 and the seventh potential V7 can be set in an absolute value in the range of 1 mV or more and 1000 V or less.
　加圧装置９９は、第４ろ室４２５のろ液７９ｃを第１ろ室４００に戻す。加圧装置９９は、例えば加圧ポンプである。加圧装置９９及び配管を用いて液体を搬送することは、流体コンベアとも呼ばれる。加圧装置９９は、第１ろ室４００、第２ろ室４０５及び第３ろ室４１５のろ過抵抗（圧力損失）の合計よりも大きな圧力を第１ろ室４００に与えることができる。加圧装置９９の循環流量は、第１ろ室４００、第２ろ室４０５及び第３ろ室４１５のうち最もろ過速度（取得ろ液量）の少ないろ室の容量以下である。 The pressurizing device 99 returns the filtrate 79c of the fourth filter chamber 425 to the first filter chamber 400. The pressurizing device 99 is, for example, a pressurizing pump. Transporting the liquid using the pressurizing device 99 and piping is also called a fluid conveyor. The pressurizing device 99 can apply a pressure larger than the total of the filtration resistances (pressure loss) of the first filter chamber 400, the second filter chamber 405, and the third filter chamber 415 to the first filter chamber 400. The circulation flow rate of the pressurizing device 99 is equal to or less than the capacity of the filter chamber having the lowest filtration rate (acquired filtrate amount) among the first filter chamber 400, the second filter chamber 405, and the third filter chamber 415.
　第１ろ室４００において、第１電極４０１に近い位置の第１粒子７１には、より強力な斥力が発生し、第３電極４０３に近い位置の第１粒子７１には、より強力な引力が発生する。第１粒子７１に発生する斥力及び引力は、矢印Ｆ１に示す方向、すなわち第１電極４０１から離れ第３電極４０３に近づく方向に作用する。マイナスに帯電した第１粒子７１は、電気泳動により第３電極４０３側に移動する。 In the first filter chamber 400, a stronger repulsive force is generated in the first particle 71 located near the first electrode 401, and a stronger attractive force is generated in the first particle 71 located near the third electrode 403. Occur. The repulsive force and the attractive force generated in the first particle 71 act in the direction indicated by the arrow F1, that is, in the direction away from the first electrode 401 and approaching the third electrode 403. The negatively charged first particle 71 moves to the third electrode 403 side by electrophoresis.
　これにより、第１ろ室４００において、第１粒子７１が第１電極４０１の表面及び第１ろ材４０４の表面に堆積してケーキ層が形成されることが抑制される。つまり、第１ろ材４０４の第１目開き４０４ｂのろ過抵抗が増大することを抑制することができる。 This prevents the first particles 71 from accumulating on the surface of the first electrode 401 and the surface of the first filter medium 404 to form a cake layer in the first filter chamber 400. That is, it is possible to suppress an increase in the filtration resistance of the first opening 404b of the first filter medium 404.
　また、プラスに帯電した水分子７３は、第１電極４０１との間に引力が発生する。プラスに帯電した水分子７３に作用する引力は、矢印Ｆ２に示す方向、すなわち第３電極４０３から第１電極４０１に向かう方向に作用する。プラスに帯電した水分子７３は、第１電極４０１側に移動する。この際、第１電極４０１と第２電極４０２との間の電位差により、第１ろ材４０４を厚さ方向に貫通するように、第１電極４０１から第２電極４０２に向かう電界が形成されている。 Further, the positively charged water molecule 73 generates an attractive force with the first electrode 401. The attractive force acting on the positively charged water molecule 73 acts in the direction indicated by the arrow F2, that is, in the direction from the third electrode 403 to the first electrode 401. The positively charged water molecule 73 moves to the first electrode 401 side. At this time, an electric field is formed from the first electrode 401 to the second electrode 402 so as to penetrate the first filter medium 404 in the thickness direction due to the potential difference between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402. ..
　第１電極４０１側に移動した水分子７３は、電界により力を受けて、第２電極４０２側に引っ張られて第１ろ材４０４を通過する。プラスに帯電した水分子７３の移動に伴って、帯電していない水分子も第２電極４０２側に引きずられて、電気浸透流が形成される。これにより、プラスに帯電した水分子７３を含む極性溶媒７２は、第２ろ室４０５に流れる。上述したように、第１粒子７１は、電気泳動により第１電極４０１から引き離され、第３電極４０３側に移動しており、第１粒子７１が分離された極性溶媒７２が排出されることで、第１ろ室４００内のスラリー（原液）７０の第１粒子７１の濃度を高めることができる。 The water molecule 73 that has moved to the first electrode 401 side receives a force by the electric field, is pulled toward the second electrode 402 side, and passes through the first filter medium 404. With the movement of the positively charged water molecule 73, the uncharged water molecule is also dragged toward the second electrode 402, and an electroosmotic flow is formed. As a result, the polar solvent 72 containing the positively charged water molecule 73 flows into the second filter chamber 405. As described above, the first particle 71 is separated from the first electrode 401 by electrophoresis and moved to the third electrode 403 side, and the polar solvent 72 from which the first particle 71 is separated is discharged. , The concentration of the first particle 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 400 can be increased.
　また、第１電極４０１と第２電極４０２との間に形成される電界を制御することで、第１ろ材４０４を通過する粒子レベル（粒子径）も制御することができる。例えば、第１電極４０１に第１電位Ｖ１＝－２０Ｖを印加し、第２電極４０２に第２電位Ｖ２＝－３０Ｖを印加することで、第１電極４０１と第２電極４０２との間にバリアの電界が形成される。これにより、ろ過装置１０は、第１粒子７１が第１ろ材４０４を通過することを抑制し、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４が第１ろ材４０４を通過することを許容する。このため、第１ろ室４００内のスラリー（原液）７０の第１粒子７１の濃度を高めることができる。 Further, by controlling the electric field formed between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402, the particle level (particle diameter) passing through the first filter medium 404 can also be controlled. For example, by applying the first potential V1 = -20V to the first electrode 401 and applying the second potential V2 = -30V to the second electrode 402, a barrier is applied between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402. The electric field of is formed. As a result, the filtration device 10 suppresses the first particle 71 from passing through the first filter medium 404, and allows the second particle 75 and the third particle 74 to pass through the first filter medium 404. Therefore, the concentration of the first particles 71 of the slurry (stock solution) 70 in the first filter chamber 400 can be increased.
　例えば、第４電極４１１に第４電位Ｖ４＝－４０Ｖを印加し、第５電極４１２に第５電位Ｖ５＝－５０Ｖを印加することで、第４電極４１１と第５電極４１２との間にバリアの電界が形成される。これにより、ろ過装置１０は、第２粒子７５が第２ろ材４１４を通過することを抑制し、第３粒子７４が第２ろ材４１４を通過することを許容する。このため、第２ろ室４０５内の第１中間処理液７９ａの第２粒子７５の濃度を高めることができる。 For example, by applying the fourth potential V4 = -40V to the fourth electrode 411 and applying the fifth potential V5 = -50V to the fifth electrode 412, a barrier is applied between the fourth electrode 411 and the fifth electrode 412. The electric field of is formed. As a result, the filtration device 10 suppresses the second particle 75 from passing through the second filter medium 414, and allows the third particle 74 to pass through the second filter medium 414. Therefore, the concentration of the second particles 75 of the first intermediate treatment liquid 79a in the second filter chamber 405 can be increased.
　例えば、第６電極４２１に第６電位Ｖ６＝－６０Ｖを印加し、第７電極４２２に第７電位Ｖ７＝－７０Ｖを印加することで、第６電極４２１と第７電極４２２との間にバリアの電界が形成される。これにより、ろ過装置１０は、第３粒子７４が第３ろ材４２４を通過することを抑制する。このため、第３ろ室４１５内の第２中間処理液７９ｂの第３粒子７４の濃度を高めることができる。 For example, by applying the sixth potential V6 = -60V to the sixth electrode 421 and applying the seventh potential V7 = -70V to the seventh electrode 422, a barrier is applied between the sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422. The electric field of is formed. As a result, the filtration device 10 prevents the third particle 74 from passing through the third filter medium 424. Therefore, the concentration of the third particles 74 of the second intermediate treatment liquid 79b in the third filter chamber 415 can be increased.
　以上説明したように、第２実施形態のろ過装置１０は、複数の第１開口４０１ｂが設けられた第１電極４０１と、複数の第２開口４０２ｂが設けられ、第１電極４０１の一方の面と対向して設けられた第２電極４０２と、複数の第１目開き４０４ｂが設けられ、第１電極４０１と第２電極４０２との間に設けられた第１ろ材４０４と、第１電極４０１の他方の面と接して設けられる第１ろ室４００と、第１ろ室４００に設けられ、第１電極４０１と対向する第３電極４０３と、第２電極４０２の他方の面と接して設けられる第２ろ室４０５と、を有する。さらに、ろ過装置１０は、第２電極４０２との間に第２ろ室４０５を挟み、複数の第４開口４１１ｂが設けられた第４電極４１１と、複数の第５開口４１２ｂが設けられ、第４電極４１１の一方の面と対向して設けられた第５電極４１２と、複数の第２目開き４１４ｂが設けられ、第４電極４１１と第５電極４１２との間に設けられた第２ろ材４１４と、第５電極４１２の他方の面と接して設けられる第３ろ室４１５と、を有する。第１電極４０１の第１電位Ｖ１と第３電極４０３の第３電位Ｖ３との電位差は、第１電位と第２電極４０２の第２電位Ｖ２との電位差よりも大きい。第４電極４１１の第４電位Ｖ４と第３電位Ｖ３との電位差は、第４電位Ｖ４と第５電極４１２の第５電位Ｖ５との電位差よりも大きい。第４電位Ｖ４と第３電位Ｖ３との電位差は、第１電位と第３電位との電位差よりも大きい。 As described above, the filtration device 10 of the second embodiment is provided with a first electrode 401 provided with a plurality of first openings 401b and a plurality of second openings 402b, and is provided with one surface of the first electrode 401. A second electrode 402 provided opposite to the first electrode 402, a first filter medium 404 provided between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402, and a first electrode 401 are provided with a plurality of first opening 404b. A first filter chamber 400 provided in contact with the other surface of the first filter chamber, a third electrode 403 provided in the first filter chamber 400 facing the first electrode 401, and a third electrode 403 provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode 402. It has a second filter chamber 405 and the like. Further, the filtration device 10 has a second filter chamber 405 sandwiched between the second electrode 402 and a fourth electrode 411 provided with a plurality of fourth openings 411b, and a plurality of fifth openings 412b provided. A fifth electrode 412 provided facing one surface of the four electrodes 411 and a plurality of second opening 414b are provided, and a second filter medium provided between the fourth electrode 411 and the fifth electrode 412. It has a 414 and a third filter chamber 415 provided in contact with the other surface of the fifth electrode 412. The potential difference between the first potential V1 of the first electrode 401 and the third potential V3 of the third electrode 403 is larger than the potential difference between the first potential and the second potential V2 of the second electrode 402. The potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the third potential V3 of the fourth electrode 411 is larger than the potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the fifth potential V5 of the fifth electrode 412. The potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the third potential V3 is larger than the potential difference between the first potential and the third potential.
　これによれば、ろ過装置１０では、第１電極４０１と第３電極４０３との間で粒子に発生するクーロン力Ｆにより粒子が第１電極４０１から第３電極４０３に向かう方向に移動する。このような電気泳動により、第１電極４０１の表面及び第１ろ材４０４の表面にケーキ層が形成されることを抑制することができる。また、第１電極４０１と第２電極４０２との間の電界により水分子７３を移動させて第１ろ材４０４を透過させる電気浸透により、粒子を分離でき、第１ろ室４００内でのスラリー（原液）７０の粒子の濃縮度を高めることができる。これにより、単純にスラリー（原液）７０に圧力を加え、第１ろ材４０４の第１目開き４０４ｂよりも大きい粒径の粒子を分離する方法に比べて、ろ過速度を数倍から１０倍以上に向上させることができる。また、第１ろ室４００及び第２ろ室４０５のそれぞれにおいて、異なる粒子が分離される。ろ過装置１０は、２種類の粒子を含むスラリー（原液）７０から、第１粒子７１及び第２粒子７５を別々に分離することができる。 According to this, in the filtration device 10, the particles move in the direction from the first electrode 401 to the third electrode 403 due to the Coulomb force F generated in the particles between the first electrode 401 and the third electrode 403. By such electrophoresis, it is possible to suppress the formation of a cake layer on the surface of the first electrode 401 and the surface of the first filter medium 404. Further, the particles can be separated by electroosmosis in which the water molecule 73 is moved by the electric field between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 and permeates through the first filter medium 404, and the slurry in the first filter chamber 400 ( The concentration of the particles of the undiluted solution) 70 can be increased. As a result, the filtration rate is increased several to 10 times or more compared to the method of simply applying pressure to the slurry (stock solution) 70 to separate particles having a particle size larger than that of the first opening 404b of the first filter medium 404. Can be improved. Further, different particles are separated in each of the first filter chamber 400 and the second filter chamber 405. The filtration device 10 can separately separate the first particles 71 and the second particles 75 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing the two types of particles.
　また、第２実施形態のろ過装置１０は、第５電極４１２との間に第３ろ室４１５を挟み、複数の第６開口４２１ｂが設けられた第６電極４２１と、複数の第７開口４２２ｂが設けられ、第６電極４２１の一方の面と対向して設けられた第７電極４２２と、複数の第３目開き４２４ｂが設けられ、第６電極４２１と第７電極４２２との間に設けられた第３ろ材４２４と、第７電極４２２の他方の面と接して設けられる第４ろ室４２５と、を有する。第６電極４２１の第６電位Ｖ６と第３電位Ｖ３との電位差は、第６電位Ｖ６と第７電極４２２の第７電位Ｖ７との電位差よりも大きい。第６電位Ｖ６と第３電位Ｖ３との電位差は、第４電位Ｖ４と第３電位Ｖ３との電位差よりも大きい。 Further, the filtration device 10 of the second embodiment has a sixth electrode 421 having a third filter chamber 415 sandwiched between the fifth electrode 412 and a plurality of sixth openings 421b, and a plurality of seventh openings 422b. Is provided, and a seventh electrode 422 provided facing one surface of the sixth electrode 421 and a plurality of third opening 424b are provided, and are provided between the sixth electrode 421 and the seventh electrode 422. It has a third filter medium 424 and a fourth filter chamber 425 provided in contact with the other surface of the seventh electrode 422. The potential difference between the sixth potential V6 and the third potential V3 of the sixth electrode 421 is larger than the potential difference between the sixth potential V6 and the seventh potential V7 of the seventh electrode 422. The potential difference between the sixth potential V6 and the third potential V3 is larger than the potential difference between the fourth potential V4 and the third potential V3.
　これによれば、第１ろ室４００、第２ろ室４０５、及び第３ろ室４１５のそれぞれにおいて、異なる粒子が分離される。ろ過装置１０は、３種類の粒子を含むスラリー（原液）７０から、第１粒子７１、第２粒子７５及び第３粒子７４を別々に分離することができる。 According to this, different particles are separated in each of the first filter chamber 400, the second filter chamber 405, and the third filter chamber 415. The filtration device 10 can separately separate the first particles 71, the second particles 75, and the third particles 74 from the slurry (stock solution) 70 containing three types of particles.
　なお、上記した実施の形態は、本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定して解釈するためのものではない。本発明は、その趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更／改良され得るとともに、本発明にはその等価物も含まれる。 It should be noted that the above-described embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and is not for limiting the interpretation of the present invention. The present invention can be modified / improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention also includes an equivalent thereof.
１０　ろ過装置
１１　上部筐体
１２　蓋部
１３　側部筐体
１４　下部筐体
１５　導体
１６　スラリー供給部
１７　スラリー供給バルブ
１８　エア排出部
１８ａ　エア排出弁
１９　エア排出バルブ
２０　筐体
２１ａ　ガイド部
２１ｂ、２１ｃ　ボルト
２２　排出部
３０　第１ろ室
３１　第１電極
３１ａ　導電細線
３１ｂ　第１開口
３２　第２電極
３２ａ　導電細線
３２ｂ　第２開口
３３　第３電極
３４　ろ材
３４ａ　ろ過膜
３４ｂ　目開き
３５　第２ろ室
４０　筐体
５１　第１電源
５２　第２電源
５３　第３電源
６１　第１電源
６２　第２電源
６４　第４電源
６５　第５電源
６６　第６電源
６７　第７電源
７０　スラリー
７１　第１粒子
７２　極性溶媒
７３　水分子
７４　第３粒子
７５　第２粒子
７６　濃縮液
７９ａ　第１中間処理液（中間処理液）
７９ｂ　第２中間処理液（中間処理液）
７９ｃ　ろ液
８０　タンク
８１　供給部
８３　第１排出部
８４　バルブ
８５　第２排出部
９１、９１Ａ、９１Ｂ　第１ろ過装置
９２、９２Ａ、９２Ｂ　第２ろ過装置
９３、９３Ａ、９３Ｂ　第３ろ過装置
９５　第１加圧装置
９６　第２加圧装置
９７　第３加圧装置
９８　第４加圧装置
９９　加圧装置
１００、１０１、１０２、１０３、１０４、１０５、１０６、１０７、１０８　ろ過ユニット
２００、２００Ａ、２００Ｂ　ろ過システム
４００　第１ろ室
４０１　第１電極
４０１ａ　導電細線
４０１ｂ　第１開口
４０２　第２電極
４０２ａ　導電細線
４０２ｂ　第２開口
４０３　第３電極
４０４　第１ろ材
４０４ａ　ろ過膜
４０４ｂ　第１目開き
４０５　第２ろ室
４１１　第４電極
４１１ａ　導電細線
４１１ｂ　第４開口
４１２　第５電極
４１２ａ　導電細線
４１２ｂ　第５開口
４１４　第２ろ材
４１４ａ　ろ過膜
４１４ｂ　第２目開き
４１５　第３ろ室
４２１　第６電極
４２１ａ　導電細線
４２１ｂ　第６開口
４２２　第７電極
４２２ａ　導電細線
４２２ｂ　第７開口
４２４　第３ろ材
４２４ａ　ろ過膜
４２４ｂ　第３目開き
４２５　第４ろ室
８３１　第１排出部
８３２　第３排出部
８５１　第２排出部
８５２　第４排出部 10 Filtration device 11 Upper housing 12 Lid 13 Side housing 14 Lower housing 15 Conductor 16 Slurry supply unit 17 Slurry supply valve 18 Air discharge unit 18a Air discharge valve 19 Air discharge valve 20 Housing 21a Guide parts 21b, 21c Bolt 22 Discharge section 30 1st filter chamber 31 1st electrode 31a Conductive fine wire 31b 1st opening 32 2nd electrode 32a Conductive fine wire 32b 2nd opening 33 3rd electrode 34 Filter media 34a Filter film 34b Opening 35 2nd filter chamber 40 Body 51 1st power supply 52 2nd power supply 53 3rd power supply 61 1st power supply 62 2nd power supply 64 4th power supply 65 5th power supply 66 6th power supply 67 7th power supply 70 Slurry 71 1st particle 72 Polar solvent 73 Water molecule 74 3rd particle 75 2nd particle 76 concentrate 79a 1st intermediate treatment liquid (intermediate treatment liquid)
79b Second intermediate treatment liquid (intermediate treatment liquid)
79c filtrate 80 tank 81 supply unit 83 first discharge unit 84 valve 85 second discharge unit 91, 91A, 91B first filtration device 92, 92A, 92B second filtration device 93, 93A, 93B third filtration device 95 first Pressurizing device 96 2nd pressurizing device 97 3rd pressurizing device 98 4th pressurizing device 99 Pressurizing device 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108 Filtration unit 200, 200A, 200B Filtration System 400 1st filter chamber 401 1st electrode 401a Conductive thin wire 401b 1st opening 402 2nd electrode 402a Conductive thin wire 402b 2nd opening 403 3rd electrode 404 1st filter medium 404a Filter membrane 404b 1st opening 405 2nd filter chamber 411 4th electrode 411a Conductive thin wire 411b 4th opening 412 5th electrode 412a Conductive thin wire 412b 5th opening 414 2nd filter medium 414a Filter film 414b 2nd opening 415 3rd filter chamber 421 6th electrode 421a Conductive thin wire 421b 6th opening 422 7th electrode 422a Conductive thin wire 422b 7th opening 424 3rd filter medium 424a Filter film 424b 3rd opening 425 4th filter chamber 831 1st discharge part 832 3rd discharge part 851 2nd discharge part 852 4th discharge part

Claims (6)

  1. 　第１ろ過装置と、第２ろ過装置とを備え、
    　前記第１ろ過装置及び前記第２ろ過装置は、それぞれ、
    　　複数の第１開口が設けられた第１電極と、
    　　複数の第２開口が設けられ、前記第１電極の一方の面と対向して設けられた第２電極と、
    　　複数の目開きが設けられ、前記第１電極と前記第２電極との間に設けられたろ材と、
    　　前記第１電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第１ろ室と、
    　　前記第１ろ室に設けられ、前記第１電極と対向する第３電極と、
    　　前記第２電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第２ろ室と、
    　　を有し、
    　前記第１ろ過装置の第２ろ室の中間処理液が、前記第２ろ過装置の第１ろ室へ供給される、
    　ろ過システム。     It is equipped with a first filtration device and a second filtration device.
    The first filtration device and the second filtration device are each
    A first electrode provided with a plurality of first openings,
    A second electrode provided with a plurality of second openings facing one surface of the first electrode, and a second electrode.
    A filter medium provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a filter medium provided with a plurality of openings.
    A first filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the first electrode,
    A third electrode provided in the first filter chamber and facing the first electrode, and a third electrode
    A second filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode, and
    Have,
    The intermediate treatment liquid in the second filter chamber of the first filtration device is supplied to the first filter chamber of the second filtration device.
    Filtration system.
  2. 　前記第２電極の第２電位の絶対値は、前記第１電極の第１電位の絶対値よりも大きく、
    　前記第１電位と前記第３電極の第３電位との第１電位差は、前記第１電位と前記第２電位との第２電位差よりも大きく、
    　前記第２ろ過装置における第１電位差は、前記第１ろ過装置における第１電位差よりも大きい、
    　請求項１に記載のろ過システム。     The absolute value of the second potential of the second electrode is larger than the absolute value of the first potential of the first electrode.
    The first potential difference between the first potential and the third potential of the third electrode is larger than the second potential difference between the first potential and the second potential.
    The first potential difference in the second filtration device is larger than the first potential difference in the first filtration device.
    The filtration system according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記第２ろ過装置における第１ろ室へ、前記第１ろ過装置における、第２ろ室の中間処理液を供給するための加圧装置をさらに備える、
    　請求項１又は請求項２に記載のろ過システム。     A pressurizing device for supplying the intermediate treatment liquid in the second filter chamber in the first filter chamber to the first filter chamber in the second filter apparatus is further provided.
    The filtration system according to claim 1 or 2.
  4. 　第３ろ過装置をさらに備え、
    　前記第３ろ過装置は、
    　　複数の第１開口が設けられた第１電極と、
    　　複数の第２開口が設けられ、当該第１電極の一方の面と対向して設けられた第２電極と、
    　　複数の目開きが設けられ、当該第１電極と当該第２電極との間に設けられたろ材と、
    　　当該第１電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第１ろ室と、
    　　当該第１ろ室に設けられ、当該第１電極と対向する第３電極と、
    　　当該第２電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第２ろ室と、
    　　を有し、
    　前記第３ろ過装置において、前記第１電極の第１電位と前記第３電極の第３電位との第１電位差は、前記第１電位と前記第２電極の第２電位との第２電位差よりも大きく、
    　前記第２ろ過装置における、第２ろ室の中間処理液が、前記第３ろ過装置における第１ろ室へ供給され、
    　前記第３ろ過装置における第１電位差は、前記第２ろ過装置における第１電位差よりも大きい、
    　請求項１から請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のろ過システム。     Further equipped with a third filtration device,
    The third filtration device is
    A first electrode provided with a plurality of first openings,
    A second electrode provided with a plurality of second openings facing one surface of the first electrode, and a second electrode.
    A filter medium provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a filter medium provided with a plurality of openings.
    A first filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the first electrode, and
    A third electrode provided in the first filter chamber and facing the first electrode, and a third electrode
    A second filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode, and
    Have,
    In the third filtering device, the first potential difference between the first potential of the first electrode and the third potential of the third electrode is based on the second potential difference between the first potential and the second potential of the second electrode. Also big,
    The intermediate treatment liquid in the second filter chamber in the second filtration device is supplied to the first filter chamber in the third filtration device.
    The first potential difference in the third filtration device is larger than the first potential difference in the second filtration device.
    The filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
  5. 　複数の第１開口が設けられた第１電極と、
    　複数の第２開口が設けられ、前記第１電極の一方の面と対向して設けられた第２電極と、
    　複数の第１目開きが設けられ、前記第１電極と前記第２電極との間に設けられた第１ろ材と、
    　前記第１電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第１ろ室と、
    　前記第１ろ室に設けられ、前記第１電極と対向する第３電極と、
    　前記第２電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第２ろ室と、
    　前記第２電極との間に前記第２ろ室を挟み、複数の第４開口が設けられた第４電極と、
    　複数の第５開口が設けられ、前記第４電極の一方の面と対向して設けられた第５電極と、
    　複数の第２目開きが設けられ、前記第４電極と前記第５電極との間に設けられた第２ろ材と、
    　前記第５電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第３ろ室と、
    　を有し、
    　前記第１電極の第１電位と前記第３電極の第３電位との電位差は、前記第１電位と前記第２電極の第２電位との電位差よりも大きく、
    　前記第４電極の第４電位と前記第３電位との電位差は、前記第４電位と前記第５電極の第５電位との電位差よりも大きく、
    　前記第４電位と前記第３電位との電位差は、前記第１電位と前記第３電位との電位差よりも大きい、
    　ろ過装置。     A first electrode provided with a plurality of first openings,
    A second electrode provided with a plurality of second openings facing one surface of the first electrode, and a second electrode.
    A first filter medium provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a first filter medium provided with a plurality of first openings.
    A first filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the first electrode,
    A third electrode provided in the first filter chamber and facing the first electrode, and a third electrode
    A second filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the second electrode, and
    A fourth electrode having the second filter chamber sandwiched between the second electrode and a plurality of fourth openings, and a fourth electrode.
    A fifth electrode provided with a plurality of fifth openings facing one surface of the fourth electrode, and a fifth electrode.
    A second filter medium provided between the fourth electrode and the fifth electrode, and a second filter medium provided with a plurality of second openings.
    A third filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the fifth electrode, and
    Have,
    The potential difference between the first potential of the first electrode and the third potential of the third electrode is larger than the potential difference between the first potential and the second potential of the second electrode.
    The potential difference between the fourth potential of the fourth electrode and the third potential is larger than the potential difference between the fourth potential and the fifth potential of the fifth electrode.
    The potential difference between the fourth potential and the third potential is larger than the potential difference between the first potential and the third potential.
    Filtration device.
  6. 　前記第５電極との間に第３ろ室を挟み、複数の第６開口が設けられた第６電極と、
    　複数の第７開口が設けられ、前記第６電極の一方の面と対向して設けられた第７電極と、
    　複数の第３目開きが設けられ、前記第６電極と前記第７電極との間に設けられた第３ろ材と、
    　前記第７電極の他方の面と接して設けられる第４ろ室と、
    　を有し、
    　前記第６電極の第６電位と前記第３電位との電位差は、前記第６電位と前記第７電極の第７電位との電位差よりも大きく、
    　前記第６電位と前記第３電位との電位差は、前記第４電位と前記第３電位との電位差よりも大きい、
    　請求項５に記載のろ過装置。     A sixth electrode having a third filter chamber sandwiched between the fifth electrode and a plurality of sixth openings, and a sixth electrode.
    A seventh electrode provided with a plurality of seventh openings facing one surface of the sixth electrode, and a seventh electrode.
    A third filter medium provided between the sixth electrode and the seventh electrode, and a third filter medium provided with a plurality of third openings.
    A fourth filter chamber provided in contact with the other surface of the seventh electrode, and
    Have,
    The potential difference between the 6th potential of the 6th electrode and the 3rd potential is larger than the potential difference between the 6th potential and the 7th potential of the 7th electrode.
    The potential difference between the sixth potential and the third potential is larger than the potential difference between the fourth potential and the third potential.
    The filtration device according to claim 5.
PCT/JP2020/040886 2020-09-29 2020-10-30 Filtration system and filtration device WO2022091363A1 (en)

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CN202180066993.0A CN116390795B (en) 2020-09-29 2021-09-17 Filter device and filter system
AU2021354361A AU2021354361B2 (en) 2020-09-29 2021-09-17 Filtration device, and filtration system
CA3194303A CA3194303A1 (en) 2020-09-29 2021-09-17 Filtration device, and filtration system
KR1020237010739A KR20230090316A (en) 2020-09-29 2021-09-17 Filtration devices and filtration systems
JP2022505363A JP7117471B1 (en) 2020-09-29 2021-09-17 Filtration device and filtration system
US18/029,012 US20230294023A1 (en) 2020-09-29 2021-09-17 Filtration device, and filtration system
PCT/JP2021/034434 WO2022071002A1 (en) 2020-09-29 2021-09-17 Filtration device, and filtration system
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59193111A (en) * 1982-12-04 1984-11-01 Asahi Okuma Ind Co Ltd Oil purification apparatus
JPS61161108A (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-07-21 ドル‐オリバー　インコーポレイテツド Electric filter apparatus using improved electrode
JPS63176512U (en) * 1987-05-07 1988-11-16
JPH07100302A (en) * 1993-10-07 1995-04-18 Zeotetsuku:Kk Charge coalescer type oil-water separator
JPH11300170A (en) * 1998-04-16 1999-11-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Waste water treating method, waste water treating device and membrane separating device used therefor
JP2008290008A (en) * 2007-05-24 2008-12-04 Ryukoku Univ Water purifier
JP2012239946A (en) * 2011-05-17 2012-12-10 Panasonic Corp Filter

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59193111A (en) * 1982-12-04 1984-11-01 Asahi Okuma Ind Co Ltd Oil purification apparatus
JPS61161108A (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-07-21 ドル‐オリバー　インコーポレイテツド Electric filter apparatus using improved electrode
JPS63176512U (en) * 1987-05-07 1988-11-16
JPH07100302A (en) * 1993-10-07 1995-04-18 Zeotetsuku:Kk Charge coalescer type oil-water separator
JPH11300170A (en) * 1998-04-16 1999-11-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Waste water treating method, waste water treating device and membrane separating device used therefor
JP2008290008A (en) * 2007-05-24 2008-12-04 Ryukoku Univ Water purifier
JP2012239946A (en) * 2011-05-17 2012-12-10 Panasonic Corp Filter

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