WO2022084594A1 - Gearbox integrating a driving electric machine - Google Patents

Gearbox integrating a driving electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022084594A1
WO2022084594A1 PCT/FR2021/051562 FR2021051562W WO2022084594A1 WO 2022084594 A1 WO2022084594 A1 WO 2022084594A1 FR 2021051562 W FR2021051562 W FR 2021051562W WO 2022084594 A1 WO2022084594 A1 WO 2022084594A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary shaft
electric machine
shaft
combustion engine
gearbox
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2021/051562
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Eric Santos
Olivier DOINET
Original Assignee
Psa Automobiles Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Psa Automobiles Sa filed Critical Psa Automobiles Sa
Publication of WO2022084594A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022084594A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid gearbox, and in particular to a hybrid-powered vehicle comprising such a gearbox.
  • Hybrid gearbox will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean a gearbox comprising:
  • the mechanical part of the hybrid gearbox is a simple planetary gear train, but driving pleasure and fuel consumption on the motorway are not satisfactory.
  • a first electrical machine is coupled to the combustion engine and is responsible for generating current, restarting the combustion engine, and synchronizing the shafts of the gearbox with the combustion engine for gear changes,
  • a second electric machine is coupled to the wheels and ensures the traction of the vehicle in fully electric driving mode, the take-off of the vehicle in forward and reverse gear, and provides torque to the wheel when the combustion engine changes gears to avoid a relationship breakdown.
  • the first electric machine ensuring the synchronization of the reports by aligning the speed of the combustion engine to that of the gearbox.
  • the combustion engine benefits from 4 reduction ratios, and the second electric machine from 2 reduction ratios.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the size of such a gearbox.
  • the subject of the invention is a hybrid gearbox with gear trains, comprising:
  • the first primary shaft comprising a first end intended to be coupled to a crankshaft of a combustion engine
  • the first electric machine comprising a rotor concentric with the first primary shaft such that this rotor is positioned on the side of the first end.
  • a primary shaft has only two ends, and in particular the first end of the first primary shaft intended to be coupled to the crankshaft of the combustion engine is found, considering a path of the torque from the combustion engine to a secondary shaft, between the gear trains on the one hand, and the combustion engine on the other hand.
  • the rotor positioned on the side of this first end means that this rotor is positioned between the gear trains on the one hand, and at least part of the combustion engine on the other hand.
  • this first electric machine can be arranged around the combustion engine, or one of the elements of the combustion engine, thus reducing the size of the gearbox along the axis of the first primary shaft.
  • Primary shaft will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean a shaft of the gearbox receiving torque from one or more motors, for example combustion or electric, before this torque is redistributed to a shaft secondary via the different gear trains corresponding to the different gearbox speeds.
  • the term "front” will be understood in relation to a direction of distribution of this torque from the machine to the secondary shaft.
  • this permanent coupling is achieved by a coupling means devoid of a decoupling device, for example without a clutch, without a dog clutch.
  • This coupling means is for example a set of two fixed gears, or a splined or welded or sintered or screwed or riveted connection of parts rotating around the same axis.
  • the second primary shaft is a hollow shaft in which the first primary shaft rotates coaxially.
  • the second electric machine is a driving machine.
  • driving machine will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean a machine capable of transmitting sufficient power to one of the primary shafts so that the secondary shaft can drive the component to which it is connected, for example the differential of a wheel set of a vehicle.
  • the maximum of this power is greater than or equal to 30 KW, in particular greater than 35 KW, or even 80 KW or even 100 KW.
  • this maximum power will not be less than 20 KW.
  • the first electric machine is a reversible generator capable of restarting the combustion engine.
  • the maximum power of the first electric machine is less than 35 KW, in particular 30 KW or even 20 KW.
  • this maximum power of the first electric machine will not be less than 3 KW.
  • the first electric machine has its maximum power between 2 to 7 times lower than the maximum power of the second electric machine.
  • this box comprises:
  • the first primary shaft comprises four idler gears of four first gear trains.
  • the first primary shaft comprises two idler gears and two fixed gears of four first gear trains.
  • the rotor comprises a recess capable of housing an element of the combustion engine.
  • the invention also relates to a powertrain comprising a combustion engine and a hybrid gearbox as described above, the combustion engine being permanently coupled to the first end.
  • the combustion engine comprises a combustion acyclic filter element, the recess partially housing the filter element.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a gearbox according to the first variant of the invention, in a plane passing through the axis of the first primary shaft and the shaft secondary.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a gearbox according to the second variant of the invention, in a plane passing through the axis of the first primary shaft and the shaft secondary.
  • the first primary shaft 1 comprising a first end 3 intended to be coupled to a crankshaft of a combustion
  • the first electric machine 11 comprising a rotor 5 concentric with the first primary shaft 1 .
  • This rotor 5 is positioned on the side of the first end 3.
  • This rotor 5 is for example secured to the first primary shaft 1 so as to achieve the permanent coupling of the first drive machine 11 to the first primary shaft 1.
  • the gearbox comprises a casing 4 delimiting an internal space containing the gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13.
  • the first end 3 is for example a part of the first primary shaft 1 exiting from this internal space. This first end 3 passes through the rotor 5.
  • This casing 4 further comprises a fixing interface 19 adapted to fix the gearbox to a casing of the combustion engine.
  • This fixing interface 19 is for example carried by a wall 20 coming from the casing 4 extending to the casing of the combustion engine.
  • this interface 19 is an attached casing.
  • This wall 20 forms for example a bell.
  • the stators of the first and second electrical machines are fixed to this casing 4 of the gearbox.
  • the stator of the first machine 11 is fixed inside the bell, on the wall 20.
  • the stator of the second machine 22 is fixed on the casing 4 in the internal space.
  • the stator of the second machine 22 is fixed on the casing 4 outside the internal space.
  • the second primary shaft 2 is a hollow shaft in which the first primary shaft 1 rotates coaxially.
  • the gearbox comprises two needle bearings inserted between the first primary shaft 1 and the second primary shaft 2.
  • the first primary shaft 1 guides the second primary shaft 2 in rotation.
  • the two needle bearings thus form two bearings for the second primary shaft 2.
  • This second primary shaft 2 comprises a second end on the same side as the first end 3, this second end remaining in the internal space without passing through the wall of the casing 4.
  • This second primary shaft 2 is entirely within the internal space.
  • This wall comprises two bearings for guiding the first primary shaft 1 in rotation, and which guide the first primary shaft 1 in rotation, for example via a ball bearing, or a tapered roller bearing, or a combination of these two bearings as illustrated in figures 1 and 2.
  • the second electric machine 22 is a driving machine, the maximum power of which is, for example, greater than or equal to 30 KW, in particular greater than 35 KW, or even 80 KW or even 100 KW.
  • this maximum power will not be less than 20 KW.
  • This second electric machine 22 is for example reversible and can be transformed into a generator, in particular for an application for a vehicle with a kinetic energy recovery braking system.
  • This second electric machine 22 is also capable of changing the direction of rotation, and can therefore drive the second primary shaft 2 in forward and reverse gear, for a motor vehicle.
  • This gearbox therefore does not need to have a specific gear train to reverse the direction of rotation of a primary shaft for the reverse gear of a vehicle, unlike a non-hybrid gearbox, it that is to say not comprising any electrical machinery and coupled to a single combustion engine.
  • the first electric machine 11 is a reversible generator capable of restarting the combustion engine.
  • the maximum power of the first electric machine 11 is less than 35 KW, in particular 30 KW or even 20 KW.
  • this maximum power of the first electric machine will not be less than 3 KW.
  • the first electric machine 11 has its maximum power between 2 to 7 times lower than the maximum power of the second electric machine 22.
  • the gearbox includes:
  • first and second electrical machines 11, 22 are each coupled to a separate primary shaft.
  • these electric machines 11, 12 are capable of synchronizing the speed of rotation of one and the other of the two primary shafts 1, 2 with the speed of rotation of the secondary shaft 6.
  • a simple dog clutch is sufficient to engage a speed of the gearbox, that is to say to clutch one of the trains of the series of first 7, 8, 9, 10 or second 12, 13 gear trains.
  • this gearbox will therefore have no synchronization means other than the control of the first and second electric machine 11, 22, and therefore no synchronization cone, nor synchronization clutch.
  • this gearbox does not have a specific gear train to reverse the direction of rotation of a primary shaft for the reverse gear of a vehicle. Its gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 therefore each correspond to a forward gear of the vehicle, the reverse gear being achieved by reversing the direction of rotation of the second driving machine 22.
  • This gearbox illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 comprises:
  • a single first train can be envisaged, which is dogged only when the vehicle is traveling beyond a speed threshold, for example 50 km/h, or even 70 km/h.
  • This single first train can be envisaged in combination with the two second trains 12, 13, the second electric machine 22 driving the vehicle over a greater range of speeds, starting from 0 km/h.
  • Each first or second gear train comprises a pinion fixed on a primary shaft 1, 2 or the secondary shaft 6, and respectively meshed by a clutchable idler gear on the secondary shaft 6 or a primary shaft 1, 2
  • the gearbox therefore comprises dog clutch means for dog clutching these first and second trains, known to those skilled in the art: for example each idler gear comprises a ring gear on one side, the dog clutch means being an internally splined ring and sliding into engagement on a spline of the shaft which is associated with it and which carries the idler gear, this ring coming into engagement with the ring gear when it is in an extreme position.
  • the second primary shaft 2 comprises two fixed gears 14, 15 of two second gear trains 12, 13. These two fixed gears 14, 15 are therefore associated (mesh) each with an idler gear carried by the secondary shaft 6.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a first variant, the first primary shaft 1 comprising four idler gears of four first gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10. Thus these four idler gears are each associated with a fixed gear carried by the secondary shaft 6.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a second variant, the first primary shaft 1 comprising two idler gears and two fixed gears of four first gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • first primary shaft 1 comprising two idler gears and two fixed gears of four first gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • these two idler gears carried by the primary shaft 1 are each associated with a fixed gear carried by the secondary shaft 6, and the two fixed gears carried by the primary shaft 1 are each associated with an idler gear carried by the secondary shaft 6.
  • each train of the first trains will have a reduction or gear ratio distinct from the others.
  • the second trains will have a reduction or gear ratio distinct from the others.
  • This gearbox illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, further comprises an additional gear train 21, providing the permanent coupling between the second electric machine 22 and the second primary shaft 2.
  • this additional train 21 comprises a first pinion fixed relative to an output shaft of the second electric machine 22, for example the shaft of its rotor, and a second pinion fixed relative to the second primary shaft 2, permanently meshed by the first fixed gear.
  • the second fixed gear can be common with one of the second trains 12, 13.
  • this second fixed gear is also the fixed gear of one of the second trains.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the additional train 21 comprising the intermediate shaft 24 disposed along an intermediate axis Xi and carrying at a first end a first intermediate fixed gear 25, and at a second end a second intermediate fixed gear 26
  • This intermediate stage of the additional train 21 makes it possible to offset the second electric machine 22 with respect to the first primary shaft 1 so that there is no mechanical interference between the stator of the second electric machine 22 with the one of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • the first intermediate fixed gear 25 meshes directly with the first fixed gear of the second electric machine 22, while the second intermediate fixed gear 26 meshes directly with one of the two gears 14, 15 of the second primary shaft 2, in particular the fixed gear 14 as shown.
  • This fixed gear 14 is then common to the second fixed gear of the additional gear train 21 .
  • the second primary shaft 2 as well as its two fixed gears 14, 15, are arranged between the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10, in particular between two groups of two first trains.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a variant of Figure 2.
  • the additional train 21 is arranged on the second end of this second primary shaft 2, on the same side as the first end 3, but this is not mandatory.
  • the train additional 21 comprises a short intermediate shaft 24' arranged along the intermediate axis Xi'. It differs from FIG. 2 in that it is shorter, but above all in that this short intermediate shaft 24' only carries a single intermediate fixed gear 25'.
  • This intermediate stage makes it possible to offset the second electric machine 22 with respect to the first primary shaft 1 so that there is no mechanical interference between the stator of the second electric machine 22 with one of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • the single intermediate fixed gear 25' meshes directly with the first fixed gear of the second electric machine 22, and with the second fixed gear of the additional gear train 21, this second fixed gear does not being, in this variant, not common with one of the two fixed gears 14, 15 of the second primary shaft 2.
  • the first primary shaft 1 and the second primary shaft 2 form a common axis X12.
  • the secondary shaft 6 forms an axis XS. These three axes X22, X12, XS are parallel.
  • the gearbox comprises for example a differential 23 comprising a large crown rotating around an XD axis, this large crown itself being meshed by a fixed differential gear integral with the secondary shaft 6.
  • This XD axis is also parallel to the axes X11 , X12, XS, but it is not mandatory.
  • the rotor 5 comprises a recess 18 capable of housing an element of the combustion engine.
  • This invention applies advantageously to a powertrain comprising the combustion engine, and comprising the hybrid gearbox as previously described.
  • the combustion engine is permanently coupled to the first end 3.
  • this hybrid gearbox architecture makes it possible to eliminate the clutch usually used between a combustion engine and its gearbox: to decouple the combustion engine from the secondary shaft 6, it suffices that the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10 are not clutched, the first electric machine 11 can then start the combustion engine.
  • the take-off of the vehicle is also done by interconnection of one of the second trains 12, 13 and the action of the second electric machine 22.
  • the synchronization of the first primary shaft 1 with the second primary shaft 2 will always be possible by the action in combination or separately of the first electric machine 11 and of the combustion engine, it is then possible to dog clutch one of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10 and therefore to couple the thermal engine to the secondary shaft 6 without using a clutch.
  • the combustion engine comprises a combustion acyclism filtration element 16, 17.
  • This element comprises for example an inertial flywheel 6 centered on the axis X12, and a radial oscillation damper 17 of the spring type also centered on the axis X12 and of which a splined internal ring is in permanent engagement with a corresponding spline on the first end 3.
  • the recess 18 partially houses the filter element 16, 17, in particular the radial oscillation damper 17.
  • This rotor 5 comprises for example a hub around which are arranged permanent magnets or windings according to the technology of the first electric machine 11, the hub forming a bell, and the hollow of the bell housing 18.
  • this hybrid gearbox can be designed using the architecture of a manual gearbox with gear trains and parallel shafts, without major modifications: the reverse intermediate shaft is physically replaced by the second electric machine 22, the first electric machine 11 is inserted in place of the clutch, and the second hollow primary shaft 2 is added by fitting the first primary shaft 1 .
  • This new architecture makes it possible to design a compact hybrid gearbox, at a lower cost, without sacrificing any of the functions of a hybrid gearbox.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a hybrid gearbox with gear trains, comprising: - a first primary shaft (1) and a second primary shaft (2) concentric with the first primary shaft (1); - a first electric machine (11) permanently coupled to the first primary shaft (1); - a second electric machine (22) having a maximum power output greater than that of the first electrical machine (11) and being permanently coupled to the second primary shaft (2); and wherein the first primary shaft (1) comprises a first end (3) for coupling to a crankshaft of a combustion engine, and the first electric machine (11) comprises a rotor (5) that is concentric with the first primary shaft (1) and positioned towards the first end (3).

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : BOITE DE VITESSES INTEGRANT UNE MACHINE MOTRICE ELECTRIQUE TITLE: GEARBOX INTEGRATING AN ELECTRIC DRIVE MACHINE
[001 ] La présente invention revendique la priorité de la demande française N°2010732 déposée le 20.10.2020 dont le contenu (te<te, dessins et revendications) est ici incorporé par référence. [001] The present invention claims the priority of French application No. 2010732 filed on 20.10.2020, the content of which (te <te, drawings and claims) is incorporated herein by reference.
[002] L’invention concerne une boîte de vitesses hybride, et notamment un véhicule à propulsion hybride comprenant une telle boîte de vitesses. [002] The invention relates to a hybrid gearbox, and in particular to a hybrid-powered vehicle comprising such a gearbox.
[003] On comprendra par boîte de vitesses hybride, dans tout le texte de ce document, une boîte de vitesses comprenant : [003] Hybrid gearbox will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean a gearbox comprising:
- un moyen de couplage à un moteur à combustion et - a means of coupling to a combustion engine and
- au moins une machine motrice électrique couplée à l’un des arbres de la boîte de vitesses. - at least one electric driving machine coupled to one of the shafts of the gearbox.
[004] Il existe différentes architectures de boites de vitesses hybrides, notamment comprenant deux machines électriques. Ces solutions sont avantageuses car elles permettent de diminuer les émissions polluantes du moteur à combustion, et sont intéressantes en terme de coût lorsqu’elles sont associées à un moteur à combustion ayant un faible couple, comme les moteurs à combustion atmosphériques. [004] There are different architectures of hybrid gearboxes, in particular comprising two electric machines. These solutions are advantageous because they make it possible to reduce the polluting emissions of the combustion engine, and are advantageous in terms of cost when they are associated with a combustion engine having a low torque, such as atmospheric combustion engines.
[005] Par exemple, la partie mécanique de la boite de vitesses hybride est un simple train épicycloïdal, mais l’agrément et la consommation de carburant sur autoroute ne sont pas satisfaisantes. [005] For example, the mechanical part of the hybrid gearbox is a simple planetary gear train, but driving pleasure and fuel consumption on the motorway are not satisfactory.
[006] On connaît du document de brevet EP-A1 -3160786 une boîte de vitesses hybride à rapports discrets comprenant deux machines électriques : [006] We know from patent document EP-A1 -3160786 a hybrid gearbox with discrete ratios comprising two electric machines:
- une première machine électrique est couplée au moteur à combustion et se charge de la génération de courant, du redémarrage moteur à combustion, et de la synchronisation des arbres de la boîte de vitesses avec le moteur à combustion pour les changements de rapports, - a first electrical machine is coupled to the combustion engine and is responsible for generating current, restarting the combustion engine, and synchronizing the shafts of the gearbox with the combustion engine for gear changes,
- une deuxième machine électrique est couplée aux roues et assure la traction du véhicule en mode de roulage entièrement électrique, le décollage du véhicule en marche avant et en marche arrière, et fourni du couple à la roue lorsque le moteur à combustion change de rapports pour éviter une rupture de couple. Il n’y a pas d’embrayage ni de synchronisateurs, la première machine électrique assurant la synchronisation des rapports en venant aligner le régime du moteur à combustion à celui de la boîte de vitesses. Le moteur à combustion bénéficie de 4 rapports de réduction, et la deuxième machine électrique de 2 rapports de réduction. - a second electric machine is coupled to the wheels and ensures the traction of the vehicle in fully electric driving mode, the take-off of the vehicle in forward and reverse gear, and provides torque to the wheel when the combustion engine changes gears to avoid a relationship breakdown. There is no clutch or synchronizers, the first electric machine ensuring the synchronization of the reports by aligning the speed of the combustion engine to that of the gearbox. The combustion engine benefits from 4 reduction ratios, and the second electric machine from 2 reduction ratios.
[007] Malheureusement l’architecture présentée est encombrante, notamment du fait que la deuxième machine électrique est à une extrémité de la boîte opposée à celle couplée au moteur à combustion. [007] Unfortunately, the architecture presented is cumbersome, in particular because the second electric machine is at one end of the box opposite to that coupled to the combustion engine.
[008] Le but de l’invention est de diminuer l’encombrement d’une telle boîte de vitesses. [008] The object of the invention is to reduce the size of such a gearbox.
[009] A cet effet, l’invention a pour objet une boîte de vitesses hybride à trains d’engrenage, comprenant : [009] To this end, the subject of the invention is a hybrid gearbox with gear trains, comprising:
- un premier arbre primaire et un deuxième arbre primaire concentrique au premier arbre primaire, - a first primary shaft and a second primary shaft concentric with the first primary shaft,
- une première machine électrique couplée en permanence au premier arbre primaire , - a first electrical machine permanently coupled to the first primary shaft,
- une deuxième machine électrique dimensionnée pour une puissance maximale supérieure à la première machine électrique et couplée en permanence au deuxième arbre primaire, le premier arbre primaire comprenant une première extrémité destinée à être couplée à un vilebrequin d’un moteur à combustion, et la première machine électrique comprenant un rotor concentrique au premier arbre primaire tel que ce rotor est positionné du côté de la première extrémité. - a second electric machine dimensioned for a maximum power greater than the first electric machine and permanently coupled to the second primary shaft, the first primary shaft comprising a first end intended to be coupled to a crankshaft of a combustion engine, and the first electric machine comprising a rotor concentric with the first primary shaft such that this rotor is positioned on the side of the first end.
[010] On comprendra dans tout le texte de ce document qu’un arbre primaire n’a que deux extrémités, et en particulier la première extrémité du premier arbre primaire destinée à être couplée au vilebrequin du moteur à combustion se trouve, en considérant un cheminement du couple du moteur à combustion à un arbre secondaire, entre les trains d’engrenage d’une part, et le moteur à combustion d’autre part. Ainsi le rotor positionné du côté de cette première extrémité signifie que ce rotor est positionné entre les trains d’engrenages d’une part, et au moins une partie du moteur à combustion d’autre part. [010] It will be understood throughout the text of this document that a primary shaft has only two ends, and in particular the first end of the first primary shaft intended to be coupled to the crankshaft of the combustion engine is found, considering a path of the torque from the combustion engine to a secondary shaft, between the gear trains on the one hand, and the combustion engine on the other hand. Thus the rotor positioned on the side of this first end means that this rotor is positioned between the gear trains on the one hand, and at least part of the combustion engine on the other hand.
[011] Ainsi cette première machine électrique peut être agencée autour du moteur à combustion, ou de l’un des éléments du moteur à combustion, diminuant ainsi l’encombrement de la boîte de vitesses selon l’axe du premier arbre primaire. [012] On comprendra par arbre primaire dans tout le texte de ce document, un arbre de la boîte de vitesses recevant un couple d’un ou plusieurs moteurs, par exemple à combustion ou électriques, avant que ce couple ne soit redistribué à un arbre secondaire via les différents trains d’engrenage correspondants aux différentes vitesses de la boîte. Le terme « avant » se comprendra par rapport à un sens de distribution de ce couple de la machine vers l’arbre secondaire. [011] Thus this first electric machine can be arranged around the combustion engine, or one of the elements of the combustion engine, thus reducing the size of the gearbox along the axis of the first primary shaft. [012] Primary shaft will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean a shaft of the gearbox receiving torque from one or more motors, for example combustion or electric, before this torque is redistributed to a shaft secondary via the different gear trains corresponding to the different gearbox speeds. The term "front" will be understood in relation to a direction of distribution of this torque from the machine to the secondary shaft.
[013] On comprendra par couplage en permanence, dans tout le texte de ce document, une transmission de couple qui ne peut être interrompue. Par exemple, ce couplage permanant est réalisé par un moyen de couplage dépourvu de dispositif de découplage, par exemple sans embrayage, sans crabot. Ce moyen de couplage est par exemple un train de deux pignons fixes, ou une liaison cannelée ou soudée ou frittée ou vissée ou rivetée de pièces tournant autour d’un même axe. [013] It will be understood by permanent coupling, throughout the text of this document, a transmission of torque which cannot be interrupted. For example, this permanent coupling is achieved by a coupling means devoid of a decoupling device, for example without a clutch, without a dog clutch. This coupling means is for example a set of two fixed gears, or a splined or welded or sintered or screwed or riveted connection of parts rotating around the same axis.
[014] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le deuxième arbre primaire est un arbre creux dans lequel tourne coaxialement le premier arbre primaire. [014] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second primary shaft is a hollow shaft in which the first primary shaft rotates coaxially.
[015] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, la deuxième machine électrique est une machine motrice. [015] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second electric machine is a driving machine.
[016] On comprendra par machine motrice, dans tout le texte de ce document, une machine apte à transmettre une puissance suffisante à l’un des arbres primaires pour que l’arbre secondaire puisse entrainer l’organe auquel il est raccordé, par exemple le différentiel d’un train de roues d’un véhicule. Par exemple, le maximum de cette puissance est supérieur ou égale à 30 KW, notamment supérieur à 35 KW, ou encore 80 KW voire 100 KW. Par exemple, cette puissance maximale ne sera pas inférieure à 20 KW. [016] The term driving machine will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean a machine capable of transmitting sufficient power to one of the primary shafts so that the secondary shaft can drive the component to which it is connected, for example the differential of a wheel set of a vehicle. For example, the maximum of this power is greater than or equal to 30 KW, in particular greater than 35 KW, or even 80 KW or even 100 KW. For example, this maximum power will not be less than 20 KW.
[017] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, la première machine électrique est une génératrice réversible apte à redémarrer le moteur à combustion. [017] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first electric machine is a reversible generator capable of restarting the combustion engine.
[018] Par exemple la puissance maximale de la première machine électrique est inférieure à 35 KW, notamment 30 KW voire 20 KW. Par exemple cette puissance maximale de la première machine électrique ne sera pas inférieure à 3 KW. [018] For example, the maximum power of the first electric machine is less than 35 KW, in particular 30 KW or even 20 KW. For example, this maximum power of the first electric machine will not be less than 3 KW.
[019] Par exemple, en variante, la première machine électrique a sa puissance maximale entre 2 à 7 fois inférieure à la puissance maximale de la deuxième machine électrique. [019] For example, as a variant, the first electric machine has its maximum power between 2 to 7 times lower than the maximum power of the second electric machine.
[020] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, cette boîte comprend : [020] According to one embodiment of the invention, this box comprises:
- un arbre secondaire, - un ensemble de premiers trains d’engrenage crabotables et un ensemble de deuxièmes trains d’engrenage crabotables couplant l’arbre secondaire respectivement au premier et deuxième arbre primaire, et le deuxième arbre primaire comprend deux pignons fixes de deux deuxièmes trains d’engrenage. - a secondary shaft, - A set of first clutchable gear trains and a set of second clutchable gear trains coupling the secondary shaft respectively to the first and second primary shaft, and the second primary shaft comprises two fixed pinions of two second gear trains.
[021] Selon une première variante de réalisation de l’invention, le premier arbre primaire comprend quatre pignons fous de quatre premiers trains d’engrenage. [021] According to a first embodiment of the invention, the first primary shaft comprises four idler gears of four first gear trains.
[022] Selon une deuxième variante de réalisation de l’invention, le premier arbre primaire comprend deux pignons fous et deux pignons fixes de quatre premiers trains d’engrenage. [022] According to a second embodiment of the invention, the first primary shaft comprises two idler gears and two fixed gears of four first gear trains.
[023] On comprendra par pignon fixe, dans tout le texte de ce document, un pignon qui ne peut pas tourner par rapport à l’arbre qui le porte. Au contraire, un pignon fou est un pignon tournant par rapport à l’arbre qui le porte, et éventuellement crabotable à cet arbre. [023] Fixed gear will be understood throughout the text of this document as a gear that cannot rotate relative to the shaft that carries it. On the contrary, an idler gear is a rotating gear relative to the shaft which carries it, and possibly doggable to this shaft.
[024] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le rotor comprend un évidement apte à loger un élément du moteur à combustion. [024] According to one embodiment of the invention, the rotor comprises a recess capable of housing an element of the combustion engine.
[025] L’invention a également pour objet un groupe motopropulseur comprenant un moteur à combustion et une boîte de vitesses hybride telle que précédemment décrite, le moteur à combustion étant couplé de façon permanente à la première extrémité. [025] The invention also relates to a powertrain comprising a combustion engine and a hybrid gearbox as described above, the combustion engine being permanently coupled to the first end.
[026] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le moteur à combustion comprend un élément de filtration des acyclismes de combustion, l’évidement logeant en partie l’élément de filtration. [026] According to one embodiment of the invention, the combustion engine comprises a combustion acyclic filter element, the recess partially housing the filter element.
[027] D’autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d’un mode particulier de réalisation, non limitatif de l’invention, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles : [027] Other features and advantages will appear on reading the description below of a particular, non-limiting embodiment of the invention, made with reference to the figures in which:
[028] [Fig 1] : La figure 1 , représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d’une boîte de vitesses selon la première variante de l’invention, dans un plan passant par l’axe du premier arbre primaire et de l’arbre secondaire. [028] [Fig 1]: Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a gearbox according to the first variant of the invention, in a plane passing through the axis of the first primary shaft and the shaft secondary.
[029] [Fig 2] : La figure 2, représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d’une boîte de vitesses selon la deuxième variante de l’invention, dans un plan passant par l’axe du premier arbre primaire et de l’arbre secondaire. [029] [Fig 2]: Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a gearbox according to the second variant of the invention, in a plane passing through the axis of the first primary shaft and the shaft secondary.
[030] Il est à garder à l’esprit que les figures sont données à titre d'exemples et ne sont pas limitatives de l’invention. Elles constituent des représentations schématiques de principe destinées à faciliter la compréhension de l’invention et ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle des applications pratiques. En outre, dans ce qui va suivre, il est fait référence à toutes les figures prises en combinaison. Quand il est fait référence à une ou des figures spécifiques, ces figures sont à prendre en combinaison avec les autres figures pour la reconnaissance des références numériques désignées. Les références des éléments inchangés ou ayant la même fonction sont communes à toutes les figures, et les variantes de réalisation. [030] It should be borne in mind that the figures are given by way of examples and do not limit the invention. They are representations schematic diagrams intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily scaled to practical applications. Further, in what follows, reference is made to all figures taken in combination. When reference is made to a specific figure or figures, these figures are to be taken in combination with the other figures for the recognition of the designated reference numerals. The references of the unchanged elements or having the same function are common to all the figures, and the variant embodiments.
[031 ] Les figures divulguent une boîte de vitesses hybride à trains d’engrenage 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, comprenant : [031] The figures disclose a hybrid gearbox with gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, comprising:
- un premier arbre primaire 1 et un deuxième arbre primaire 2 concentrique au premier arbre primaire 1 , - a first primary shaft 1 and a second primary shaft 2 concentric with the first primary shaft 1,
- une première machine électrique 11 couplée en permanence au premier arbre primaire 1 , - a first electric machine 11 permanently coupled to the first primary shaft 1,
- une deuxième machine électrique 22 dimensionnée pour une puissance maximale supérieure à la première machine électrique 11 et couplée en permanence au deuxième arbre primaire 2, le premier arbre primaire 1 comprenant une première extrémité 3 destinée à être couplée à un vilebrequin d’un moteur à combustion, et la première machine électrique 11 comprenant un rotor 5 concentrique au premier arbre primaire 1 . - a second electric machine 22 sized for a maximum power greater than the first electric machine 11 and permanently coupled to the second primary shaft 2, the first primary shaft 1 comprising a first end 3 intended to be coupled to a crankshaft of a combustion, and the first electric machine 11 comprising a rotor 5 concentric with the first primary shaft 1 .
[032] Ce rotor 5 est positionné du côté de la première extrémité 3. [032] This rotor 5 is positioned on the side of the first end 3.
[033] Ce rotor 5 est par exemple solidarisé au premier arbre primaire 1 de sorte à réaliser l’accouplement permanant de la première machine motrice 11 au premier arbre primaire 1 . [033] This rotor 5 is for example secured to the first primary shaft 1 so as to achieve the permanent coupling of the first drive machine 11 to the first primary shaft 1.
[034] La boîte de vitesses comprend un carter 4 délimitant un espace interne contenant les trains d’engrenage 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13. La première extrémité 3 est par exemple une partie du premier arbre primaire 1 sortant de cet espace interne. Cette première extrémité 3 traverse le rotor 5. [034] The gearbox comprises a casing 4 delimiting an internal space containing the gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13. The first end 3 is for example a part of the first primary shaft 1 exiting from this internal space. This first end 3 passes through the rotor 5.
[035] Ce carter 4 comprend en outre une interface de fixation 19 apte à fixer la boîte de vitesses à un carter du moteur à combustion. Cette interface de fixation 19 est par exemple porté par une paroi 20 issue du carter 4 se prolongeant jusqu’au carter du moteur à combustion. En variante, cette interface 19 est un carter rapporté. Cette paroi 20 forme par exemple une cloche. [035] This casing 4 further comprises a fixing interface 19 adapted to fix the gearbox to a casing of the combustion engine. This fixing interface 19 is for example carried by a wall 20 coming from the casing 4 extending to the casing of the combustion engine. As a variant, this interface 19 is an attached casing. This wall 20 forms for example a bell.
[036] Les stators des premières et deuxièmes machines électriques sont fixés sur ce carter 4 de la boîte de vitesses. Par exemple, le stator de la première machine 11 est fixé à l’intérieur de la cloche, sur la paroi 20. Par exemple, le stator de la deuxième machine 22 est fixé sur le carter 4 dans l’espace interne. Par exemple, le stator de la deuxième machine 22 est fixé sur le carter 4 à l’extérieur de l’espace interne. [036] The stators of the first and second electrical machines are fixed to this casing 4 of the gearbox. For example, the stator of the first machine 11 is fixed inside the bell, on the wall 20. For example, the stator of the second machine 22 is fixed on the casing 4 in the internal space. For example, the stator of the second machine 22 is fixed on the casing 4 outside the internal space.
[037] Le deuxième arbre primaire 2 est un arbre creux dans lequel tourne coaxialement le premier arbre primaire 1 . [037] The second primary shaft 2 is a hollow shaft in which the first primary shaft 1 rotates coaxially.
[038] Par exemple la boîte de vitesses comprend deux roulements a aiguilles insérés entre le premier arbre primaire 1 et le deuxième arbre primaire 2. Ainsi le premier arbre primaire 1 guide en rotation le deuxième arbre primaire 2. Les deux roulements à aiguilles forment ainsi deux paliers pour le deuxième arbre primaire 2. Ce deuxième arbre primaire 2 comprend une deuxième extrémité du même côté que la première extrémité 3, cette deuxième extrémité restant dans l’espace interne sans traverser la paroi du carter 4. Ce deuxième arbre primaire 2 est entièrement dans l’espace interne. Cette paroi comprend deux paliers de guidage en rotation du premier arbre primaire 1 , et qui guident en rotation le premier arbre primaire 1 par exemple via un roulement à billes, ou un roulement à rouleaux coniques, ou une combinaison de ces deux roulements comme illustré sur les figures 1 et 2. [038] For example, the gearbox comprises two needle bearings inserted between the first primary shaft 1 and the second primary shaft 2. Thus the first primary shaft 1 guides the second primary shaft 2 in rotation. The two needle bearings thus form two bearings for the second primary shaft 2. This second primary shaft 2 comprises a second end on the same side as the first end 3, this second end remaining in the internal space without passing through the wall of the casing 4. This second primary shaft 2 is entirely within the internal space. This wall comprises two bearings for guiding the first primary shaft 1 in rotation, and which guide the first primary shaft 1 in rotation, for example via a ball bearing, or a tapered roller bearing, or a combination of these two bearings as illustrated in figures 1 and 2.
[039] La deuxième machine électrique 22 est une machine motrice, dont la puissance maximale est, par exemple, supérieure ou égale à 30 KW, notamment supérieur à 35 KW, ou encore 80 KW voire 100 KW. [039] The second electric machine 22 is a driving machine, the maximum power of which is, for example, greater than or equal to 30 KW, in particular greater than 35 KW, or even 80 KW or even 100 KW.
[040] Par exemple, cette puissance maximale ne sera pas inférieure à 20 KW. [040] For example, this maximum power will not be less than 20 KW.
[041 ] Cette deuxième machine électrique 22 est par exemple réversible et peut se transformer en génératrice, notamment pour une application pour un véhicule avec un système de freinage à récupération d’énergie cinétique. [041] This second electric machine 22 is for example reversible and can be transformed into a generator, in particular for an application for a vehicle with a kinetic energy recovery braking system.
[042] Cette deuxième machine électrique 22 est en outre apte à changer de sens de rotation, et peut donc entrainer le deuxième arbre primaire 2 en marche avant et en marche arrière, pour un véhicule automobile. Cette boîte de vitesses n’a donc pas besoin d’avoir un train d’engrenage spécifique pour inverser le sens de rotation d’un arbre primaire pour la marche arrière d’un véhicule, contrairement à une boîte de vitesses non hybride, c’est-à-dire ne comprenant pas de machines électriques et couplée à un unique moteur à combustion. [042] This second electric machine 22 is also capable of changing the direction of rotation, and can therefore drive the second primary shaft 2 in forward and reverse gear, for a motor vehicle. This gearbox therefore does not need to have a specific gear train to reverse the direction of rotation of a primary shaft for the reverse gear of a vehicle, unlike a non-hybrid gearbox, it that is to say not comprising any electrical machinery and coupled to a single combustion engine.
[043] La première machine électrique 11 est une génératrice réversible apte à redémarrer le moteur à combustion. Par exemple la puissance maximale de la première machine électrique 11 est inférieure à 35 KW, notamment 30 KW voire 20 KW. [044] Par exemple cette puissance maximale de la première machine électrique ne sera pas inférieure à 3 KW. [043] The first electric machine 11 is a reversible generator capable of restarting the combustion engine. For example, the maximum power of the first electric machine 11 is less than 35 KW, in particular 30 KW or even 20 KW. [044] For example, this maximum power of the first electric machine will not be less than 3 KW.
[045] Par exemple, en variante, la première machine électrique 11 a sa puissance maximale entre 2 à 7 fois inférieure à la puissance maximale de la deuxième machine électrique 22. [045] For example, as a variant, the first electric machine 11 has its maximum power between 2 to 7 times lower than the maximum power of the second electric machine 22.
[046] La boîte de vitesses comprend : [046] The gearbox includes:
- un arbre secondaire 6, - a secondary shaft 6,
- un ensemble de premiers trains d’engrenage crabotables 7, 8, 9, 10 et ensemble de deuxièmes trains d’engrenage crabotables 12, 13, couplant l’arbre secondaire- a set of first clutchable gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10 and set of second clutchable gear trains 12, 13, coupling the secondary shaft
6 respectivement au premier 1 et deuxième 2 arbre primaire. 6 respectively to the first 1 and second 2 primary shaft.
[047] On notera que les première et deuxième machines électriques 11 , 22, sont couplées chacune à un arbre primaire distinct. Ainsi ces machines électriques 11 , 12, sont aptes à synchroniser la vitesse de rotation de l’un et l’autre des deux arbres primaires 1 , 2 avec la vitesse en rotation de l’arbre secondaire 6. Ainsi un simple crabot suffit pour engager une vitesse de la boîte de vitesses, c’est-à-dire craboter l’un des trains de la série de premiers 7, 8, 9, 10 ou deuxièmes 12, 13 trains d’engrenage. Avantageusement, cette boîte de vitesses n’aura donc pas de moyens de synchronisation autre que le pilotage de la première et deuxième machine électrique 11 , 22, et donc pas de cône de synchronisation, ni d’embrayage de synchronisation. [047] Note that the first and second electrical machines 11, 22 are each coupled to a separate primary shaft. Thus these electric machines 11, 12 are capable of synchronizing the speed of rotation of one and the other of the two primary shafts 1, 2 with the speed of rotation of the secondary shaft 6. Thus a simple dog clutch is sufficient to engage a speed of the gearbox, that is to say to clutch one of the trains of the series of first 7, 8, 9, 10 or second 12, 13 gear trains. Advantageously, this gearbox will therefore have no synchronization means other than the control of the first and second electric machine 11, 22, and therefore no synchronization cone, nor synchronization clutch.
[048] Comme explicité précédemment, cette boîte de vitesses n’a pas de train d’engrenage spécifique pour inverser le sens de rotation d’un arbre primaire pour la marche arrière d’un véhicule. Ses trains d’engrenage 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 correspondent donc chacun à un rapport de marche avant du véhicule, la marche arrière étant réalisée par l’inversion du sens de rotation de la deuxième machine motrice 22. [048] As explained above, this gearbox does not have a specific gear train to reverse the direction of rotation of a primary shaft for the reverse gear of a vehicle. Its gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 therefore each correspond to a forward gear of the vehicle, the reverse gear being achieved by reversing the direction of rotation of the second driving machine 22.
[049] Cette boîte de vitesses illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2, comprend : [049] This gearbox illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, comprises:
- quatre vitesses dites « vitesses du moteur thermique » correspondant à quatre premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10, ces trains 7, 8, 9, 10 transmettant un couple moteur du premier arbre primaire 1 à l’arbre secondaire 6 selon qu’ils sont crabotés ou décrabotés, - four speeds called "heat engine speeds" corresponding to four first trains 7, 8, 9, 10, these trains 7, 8, 9, 10 transmitting a motor torque from the first primary shaft 1 to the secondary shaft 6 depending on whether they are clutched or unclutched,
- et deux vitesses dites « vitesses électriques » correspondant aux deux deuxièmes trains 12, 13, ces trains 12, 13 transmettant le couple moteur du deuxième arbre primaire 2 à l’arbre secondaire 6 selon qu’ils sont crabotés ou décrabotés. [050] On notera que parmi l’ensemble des premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10, un seul train à la fois sera craboté. On notera également que parmi l’ensemble des deuxièmes trains 12, 13, un seul train à la fois sera craboté. - And two speeds called "electric speeds" corresponding to the two second trains 12, 13, these trains 12, 13 transmitting the engine torque of the second primary shaft 2 to the secondary shaft 6 depending on whether they are clutched or clutched. [050] Note that among all of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10, only one train at a time will be clutched. It will also be noted that among all of the second trains 12, 13, only one train at a time will be clutched.
[051] Cependant, il est avantageux de craboter un des premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10 en même temps que l’un des deuxièmes trains 12, 13, ceci permettant de transmettre à l’arbre secondaire 6 le couple issu de la deuxième machine électrique 22 en plus du couple issu du moteur à combustion. [051] However, it is advantageous to dog clutch one of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10 at the same time as one of the second trains 12, 13, this making it possible to transmit to the secondary shaft 6 the torque resulting from the second electric machine 22 in addition to the torque from the combustion engine.
[052] Mais d’autres architectures plus simples sont envisageables. Par exemple, on peut envisager un unique premier train, qui est craboté uniquement lorsque le véhicule roule au-delà d’un seuil de vitesse, par exemple 50 Km/h, ou encore 70 Km/h. Cet unique premier train peut être envisagé en combinaison avec les deux deuxièmes trains 12, 13, la deuxième machine électrique 22 entraînant le véhicule sur une plage de vitesses plus grande, partant de 0 Km/h. [052] But other simpler architectures are possible. For example, a single first train can be envisaged, which is dogged only when the vehicle is traveling beyond a speed threshold, for example 50 km/h, or even 70 km/h. This single first train can be envisaged in combination with the two second trains 12, 13, the second electric machine 22 driving the vehicle over a greater range of speeds, starting from 0 km/h.
[053] Chaque premier ou deuxième train d’engrenage comprend un pignon fixe sur un arbre primaire 1 , 2 ou l’arbre secondaire 6, et respectivement engrené par un pignon fou crabotable sur l’arbre secondaire 6 ou un arbre primaire 1 , 2. La boîte de vitesses comprend donc des moyens de crabotages pour craboter ces premiers et deuxièmes trains, connus de l’homme du métier : par exemple chaque pignon fou comprend une couronne dentée sur un côté, le moyen de crabotage étant une bague intérieurement cannelée et coulissant en prise sur une cannelure de l’arbre qui lui est associé et qui porte le pignon fou, cette bague venant en prise avec la couronne dentée lorsqu’elle est dans une position extrême. [053] Each first or second gear train comprises a pinion fixed on a primary shaft 1, 2 or the secondary shaft 6, and respectively meshed by a clutchable idler gear on the secondary shaft 6 or a primary shaft 1, 2 The gearbox therefore comprises dog clutch means for dog clutching these first and second trains, known to those skilled in the art: for example each idler gear comprises a ring gear on one side, the dog clutch means being an internally splined ring and sliding into engagement on a spline of the shaft which is associated with it and which carries the idler gear, this ring coming into engagement with the ring gear when it is in an extreme position.
[054] Sur les exemples illustrés, le deuxième arbre primaire 2 comprend deux pignons fixes 14, 15 de deux deuxièmes trains 12, 13 d’engrenage. Ces deux pignons fixes 14, 15 sont donc associés (engrenés) chacun à un pignon fou porté par l’arbre secondaire 6. [054] In the examples shown, the second primary shaft 2 comprises two fixed gears 14, 15 of two second gear trains 12, 13. These two fixed gears 14, 15 are therefore associated (mesh) each with an idler gear carried by the secondary shaft 6.
[055] La figure 1 illustre une première variante, le premier arbre primaire 1 comprenant quatre pignons fous de quatre premiers trains d’engrenage 7, 8, 9, 10. Ainsi ces quatre pignons fous sont associés chacun à un pignon fixe porté par l’arbre secondaire 6. [055] Figure 1 illustrates a first variant, the first primary shaft 1 comprising four idler gears of four first gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10. Thus these four idler gears are each associated with a fixed gear carried by the secondary shaft 6.
[056] La figure 2 illustre une deuxième variante, le premier arbre primaire 1 comprenant deux pignons fous et deux pignons fixes de quatre premiers trains d’engrenage 7, 8, 9, 10. Ainsi ces deux pignons fous portés par l’arbre primaire 1 sont associés chacun à un pignon fixe porté par l’arbre secondaire 6, et les deux pignons fixes portés par l’arbre primaire 1 sont associés chacun à un pignon fou porté par l’arbre secondaire 6. [057] Avantageusement, chaque train des premiers trains aura un rapport de réduction ou de démultiplication distinct des autres. De même pour les deuxièmes trains. [056] Figure 2 illustrates a second variant, the first primary shaft 1 comprising two idler gears and two fixed gears of four first gear trains 7, 8, 9, 10. Thus these two idler gears carried by the primary shaft 1 are each associated with a fixed gear carried by the secondary shaft 6, and the two fixed gears carried by the primary shaft 1 are each associated with an idler gear carried by the secondary shaft 6. [057] Advantageously, each train of the first trains will have a reduction or gear ratio distinct from the others. Likewise for the second trains.
[058] Cette boîte de vitesses, illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2, comprend en outre un train d’engrenage supplémentaire 21 , réalisant le couplage permanant entre la deuxième machine électrique 22 et le deuxième arbre primaire 2. [058] This gearbox, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, further comprises an additional gear train 21, providing the permanent coupling between the second electric machine 22 and the second primary shaft 2.
[059] Dans une variante non illustrée, ce train supplémentaire 21 comprend un premier pignon fixe par rapport à un arbre de sortie de la deuxième machine électrique 22, par exemple l’arbre de son rotor, et un deuxième pignon fixe par rapport au deuxième arbre primaire 2, engrené en permanence par le premier pignon fixe. [059] In a variant not shown, this additional train 21 comprises a first pinion fixed relative to an output shaft of the second electric machine 22, for example the shaft of its rotor, and a second pinion fixed relative to the second primary shaft 2, permanently meshed by the first fixed gear.
[060] Dans une variante ou en combinaison, le deuxième pignon fixe peut être commun avec l’un des deuxièmes trains 12, 13. Ainsi, ce deuxième pignon fixe est également le pignon fixe de l’un des deuxièmes trains. [060] In a variant or in combination, the second fixed gear can be common with one of the second trains 12, 13. Thus, this second fixed gear is also the fixed gear of one of the second trains.
[061] Les deux variantes illustrées sur les figures 1 et 2 montrent ce train supplémentaire 21 comprenant un arbre intermédiaire 24, 24’ portant un pignon fixe intermédiaire 25, 25’, 26 entre le premier pignon fixe et le deuxième pignon fixe. [061] The two variants illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 show this additional train 21 comprising an intermediate shaft 24, 24 'carrying an intermediate fixed gear 25, 25', 26 between the first fixed gear and the second fixed gear.
[062] On notera que la figure 2 illustre le train supplémentaire 21 comprenant l’arbre intermédiaire 24 disposé selon un axe intermédiaire Xi et portant à une première extrémité un premier pignon fixe intermédiaire 25, et à une deuxième extrémité un deuxième pignon fixe intermédiaire 26. Cet étage intermédiaire du train supplémentaire 21 permet d’excentrer la deuxième machine électrique 22 par rapport au premier arbre primaire 1 de sorte à ce qu’il n’y ait pas une interférence mécanique entre le stator de la deuxième machine électrique 22 avec l’un des premiers trains 7, 8, 9 , 10. Le premier pignon fixe intermédiaire 25 engrène directement avec le premier pignon fixe de la deuxième machine électrique 22, alors que le deuxième pignon fixe intermédiaire 26 engrène directement avec l’un des deux pignons fixes 14, 15 du deuxième arbre primaire 2, notamment le pignon fixe 14 comme illustré. Ce pignon fixe 14 est alors commun au deuxième pignon fixe du train d’engrenage supplémentaire 21 . [062] Note that Figure 2 illustrates the additional train 21 comprising the intermediate shaft 24 disposed along an intermediate axis Xi and carrying at a first end a first intermediate fixed gear 25, and at a second end a second intermediate fixed gear 26 This intermediate stage of the additional train 21 makes it possible to offset the second electric machine 22 with respect to the first primary shaft 1 so that there is no mechanical interference between the stator of the second electric machine 22 with the one of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10. The first intermediate fixed gear 25 meshes directly with the first fixed gear of the second electric machine 22, while the second intermediate fixed gear 26 meshes directly with one of the two gears 14, 15 of the second primary shaft 2, in particular the fixed gear 14 as shown. This fixed gear 14 is then common to the second fixed gear of the additional gear train 21 .
[063] On notera en outre que le deuxième arbre primaire 2, ainsi que ses deux pignons fixes 14, 15, sont disposés entre les premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10, notamment entre deux groupes de deux premiers trains. [063] It will also be noted that the second primary shaft 2, as well as its two fixed gears 14, 15, are arranged between the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10, in particular between two groups of two first trains.
[064] La figure 1 illustre une variante de la figure 2. Le train supplémentaire 21 est disposé sur la deuxième extrémité de ce deuxième arbre primaire 2, du même côté que la première extrémité 3, mais ce n’est pas obligatoire. Le train supplémentaire 21 comprend un arbre intermédiaire court 24’ disposé selon l’axe intermédiaire Xi’. Il se distingue de la figure 2 du fait qu’il est plus court, mais surtout du fait que cet arbre intermédiaire court 24’ ne porte qu’un unique pignon fixe intermédiaire 25’. Cet étage intermédiaire permet d’excentrer la deuxième machine électrique 22 par rapport au premier arbre primaire 1 de sorte à ce qu’il n’y ait pas une interférence mécanique entre le stator de la deuxième machine électrique 22 avec l’un des premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10. L’unique pignon fixe intermédiaire 25’ engrène directement avec le premier pignon fixe de la deuxième machine électrique 22, et avec le deuxième pignon fixe du train d’engrenage supplémentaire 21 , ce deuxième pignon fixe n’étant, dans cette variante, pas commun avec l’un des deux pignons fixes 14, 15 du deuxième arbre primaire 2. [064] Figure 1 illustrates a variant of Figure 2. The additional train 21 is arranged on the second end of this second primary shaft 2, on the same side as the first end 3, but this is not mandatory. The train additional 21 comprises a short intermediate shaft 24' arranged along the intermediate axis Xi'. It differs from FIG. 2 in that it is shorter, but above all in that this short intermediate shaft 24' only carries a single intermediate fixed gear 25'. This intermediate stage makes it possible to offset the second electric machine 22 with respect to the first primary shaft 1 so that there is no mechanical interference between the stator of the second electric machine 22 with one of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10. The single intermediate fixed gear 25' meshes directly with the first fixed gear of the second electric machine 22, and with the second fixed gear of the additional gear train 21, this second fixed gear does not being, in this variant, not common with one of the two fixed gears 14, 15 of the second primary shaft 2.
[065] On notera en outre que le deuxième arbre primaire 2, ainsi que ses deux pignons fixes 14, 15, sont disposés alignés à la suite des premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10. [065] It will also be noted that the second primary shaft 2, as well as its two fixed gears 14, 15, are arranged aligned following the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10.
[066] Sur les figures 1 et 2 : [066] In figures 1 and 2:
- le rotor de la deuxième machine électrique 22 forme un axe X22, - the rotor of the second electric machine 22 forms an axis X22,
- le premier arbre primaire 1 et le deuxième arbre primaire 2 forment un axe commun X12. - The first primary shaft 1 and the second primary shaft 2 form a common axis X12.
- l’arbre secondaire 6 forme un axe XS. Ces trois axes X22, X12, XS sont parallèles. - the secondary shaft 6 forms an axis XS. These three axes X22, X12, XS are parallel.
[067] On notera en outre que les axes intermédiaires Xi, Xi’ sont également parallèles aux trois axes X22, X12, XS. [067] It will also be noted that the intermediate axes Xi, Xi' are also parallel to the three axes X22, X12, XS.
[068] La boîte de vitesse comprend par exemple un différentiel 23 comprenant une grande couronne tournant autour d’un axe XD, cette grande couronne étant elle-même engrenée par un pignon fixe de différentiel solidaire de l’arbre secondaire 6. Cet axe XD est également parallèle aux axes X11 , X12, XS, mais ce n’est pas obligatoire. [068] The gearbox comprises for example a differential 23 comprising a large crown rotating around an XD axis, this large crown itself being meshed by a fixed differential gear integral with the secondary shaft 6. This XD axis is also parallel to the axes X11 , X12, XS, but it is not mandatory.
[069] Selon l’invention, le rotor 5 comprend un évidement 18 apte à loger un élément du moteur à combustion. [069] According to the invention, the rotor 5 comprises a recess 18 capable of housing an element of the combustion engine.
[070] Cette invention s’applique avantageusement à un groupe motopropulseur comprenant le moteur à combustion, et comprenant la boîte de vitesses hybride telle que précédemment décrite. [070] This invention applies advantageously to a powertrain comprising the combustion engine, and comprising the hybrid gearbox as previously described.
[071 ] Le moteur à combustion est couplé de façon permanente à la première extrémité 3. [071] The combustion engine is permanently coupled to the first end 3.
[072] En effet, cette architecture de boîte de vitesses hybride permet de supprimer l’embrayage habituellement utilisé entre un moteur à combustion et sa boîte de vitesses : pour découpler le moteur à combustion de l’arbre secondaire 6, il suffit que les premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10 ne soient pas crabotés, la première machine électrique 11 peut alors démarrer le moteur à combustion. Le décollage du véhicule se fait en outre par crabotage de l’un des deuxièmes trains 12, 13 et l’action de la deuxième machine électrique 22. Une fois le véhicule décollé au- dessus d’une vitesse seuil, par exemple 10 Km/h, la synchronisation du premier arbre primaire 1 avec le second arbre primaire 2 sera toujours possible par l’action en combinaison ou séparément de la première machine électrique 11 et du moteur à combustion, il est alors possible de craboter l’un des premiers trains 7, 8, 9, 10 et donc de coupler le moteur thermique à l’arbre secondaire 6 sans utiliser d’embrayage. [072] Indeed, this hybrid gearbox architecture makes it possible to eliminate the clutch usually used between a combustion engine and its gearbox: to decouple the combustion engine from the secondary shaft 6, it suffices that the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10 are not clutched, the first electric machine 11 can then start the combustion engine. The take-off of the vehicle is also done by interconnection of one of the second trains 12, 13 and the action of the second electric machine 22. Once the vehicle has taken off above a threshold speed, for example 10 km/ h, the synchronization of the first primary shaft 1 with the second primary shaft 2 will always be possible by the action in combination or separately of the first electric machine 11 and of the combustion engine, it is then possible to dog clutch one of the first trains 7, 8, 9, 10 and therefore to couple the thermal engine to the secondary shaft 6 without using a clutch.
[073] Le moteur à combustion comprend un élément de filtration des acyclismes de combustion 16, 17. Cet élément comprend par exemple un volant moteur à inertiel 6 centré sur l’axe X12, et un amortisseur d’oscillations radiales 17 de type ressort également centré sur l’axe X12 et dont une bague interne cannelée est en prise permanente avec une cannelure correspondante sur la première extrémité 3. [073] The combustion engine comprises a combustion acyclism filtration element 16, 17. This element comprises for example an inertial flywheel 6 centered on the axis X12, and a radial oscillation damper 17 of the spring type also centered on the axis X12 and of which a splined internal ring is in permanent engagement with a corresponding spline on the first end 3.
[074] L’évidement 18 loge en partie l’élément de filtration 16, 17, notamment l’amortisseur d’oscillations radiales 17. Ce rotor 5 comprend par exemple un moyeu autour duquel sont disposés des aimants permanents ou des bobinages selon la technologie de la première machine électrique 11 , le moyeu formant une cloche, et le creux de la cloche le logement 18. [074] The recess 18 partially houses the filter element 16, 17, in particular the radial oscillation damper 17. This rotor 5 comprises for example a hub around which are arranged permanent magnets or windings according to the technology of the first electric machine 11, the hub forming a bell, and the hollow of the bell housing 18.
[075] Ainsi, on peut constater que cette boîte de vitesse hybride peut être conçue à partir de l’architecture d’une boîte de vitesses manuelle à trains d’engrenage et arbres parallèles, sans grandes modifications : l’arbre intermédiaire de marche arrière est physiquement remplacé par la deuxième machine électrique 22, la première machine électrique 11 est insérée à la place de l’embrayage, et le deuxième arbre primaire 2 creux et rajouté en chaussant le premier arbre primaire 1 . Cette nouvelle architecture permet de concevoir une boîte de vitesses hybride compacte, à moindre coût, sans sacrifier aucune des fonctions d’une boîte de vitesses hybride. [075] Thus, it can be seen that this hybrid gearbox can be designed using the architecture of a manual gearbox with gear trains and parallel shafts, without major modifications: the reverse intermediate shaft is physically replaced by the second electric machine 22, the first electric machine 11 is inserted in place of the clutch, and the second hollow primary shaft 2 is added by fitting the first primary shaft 1 . This new architecture makes it possible to design a compact hybrid gearbox, at a lower cost, without sacrificing any of the functions of a hybrid gearbox.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Boîte de vitesses hybride à trains d’engrenage, comprenant : 1. Hybrid gearbox with gear trains, comprising:
- un premier arbre primaire (1) et un deuxième arbre primaire (2) concentrique au premier arbre primaire (1), - a first primary shaft (1) and a second primary shaft (2) concentric with the first primary shaft (1),
- une première machine électrique (11) couplée en permanence au premier arbre primaire- a first electric machine (11) permanently coupled to the first primary shaft
(I), (I),
- une deuxième machine électrique (22) dimensionnée pour une puissance maximale supérieure à la première machine électrique (11 ) et couplée en permanence au deuxième arbre primaire (2), le premier arbre primaire (1) comprenant une première extrémité (3) destinée à être couplée à un vilebrequin d’un moteur à combustion, et la première machine électrique- a second electric machine (22) dimensioned for a maximum power greater than the first electric machine (11) and permanently coupled to the second primary shaft (2), the first primary shaft (1) comprising a first end (3) intended to be coupled to a crankshaft of a combustion engine, and the first electric machine
(I I ) comprenant un rotor (5) concentrique au premier arbre primaire (1 ), caractérisé en ce que ce rotor (5) est positionné du côté de la première extrémité (3). (I I) comprising a rotor (5) concentric with the first primary shaft (1), characterized in that this rotor (5) is positioned on the side of the first end (3).
2. Boîte de vitesses selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le deuxième arbre primaire (2) est un arbre creux dans lequel tourne coaxialement le premier arbre primaire (1). 2. Gearbox according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second primary shaft (2) is a hollow shaft in which the first primary shaft (1) rotates coaxially.
3. Boîte de vitesses selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la deuxième machine électrique (22) est une machine motrice. 3. Gearbox according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second electric machine (22) is a driving machine.
4. Boîte de vitesses selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la première machine électrique (11) est une génératrice réversible apte à redémarrer le moteur à combustion. 4. Gearbox according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electric machine (11) is a reversible generator capable of restarting the combustion engine.
5. Boîte de vitesses selon l’une des revendications précédentes, cette boîte comprenant : 5. Gearbox according to one of the preceding claims, this box comprising:
- un arbre secondaire (6), - a secondary shaft (6),
- un ensemble de premiers trains d’engrenage crabotables ( 7, 8, 9, 10 ) et un ensemble de deuxièmes (12, 13) trains d’engrenage crabotables couplant l’arbre secondaire (6) respectivement au premier (1 ) et deuxième (2) arbre primaire, caractérisée en ce que le deuxième arbre primaire (2) comprend deux pignons fixes (14, 15) de deux deuxièmes trains (12, 13) d’engrenage. - a set of first clutchable gear trains (7, 8, 9, 10) and a set of second (12, 13) clutchable gear trains coupling the secondary shaft (6) respectively to the first (1) and second (2) primary shaft, characterized in that the second primary shaft (2) comprises two fixed gears (14, 15) of two second gear trains (12, 13).
6. Boîte de vitesses selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le premier arbre primaire (1 ) comprend quatre pignons fous de quatre premiers trains d’engrenage (7, 8, 9, 10). 6. Gearbox according to claim 5, characterized in that the first primary shaft (1) comprises four idler gears of four first gear trains (7, 8, 9, 10).
7. Boîte de vitesses selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le premier arbre primaire (1 ) comprend deux pignons fous et deux pignons fixes de quatre premiers trains d’engrenage (7, 8, 9, 10). 7. Gearbox according to claim 5, characterized in that the first primary shaft (1) comprises two idler gears and two fixed gears of four first gear trains (7, 8, 9, 10).
8. Boîte de vitesses selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rotor (5) comprend un évidement (18) apte à loger un élément du moteur à combustion. 8. Gearbox according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (5) comprises a recess (18) capable of housing an element of the combustion engine.
9. Groupe motopropulseur comprenant un moteur à combustion, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une boîte de vitesses hybride selon l’une des revendications précédentes, le moteur à combustion étant couplé de façon permanente à la première extrémité (3). 9. Powertrain comprising a combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises a hybrid gearbox according to one of the preceding claims, the combustion engine being permanently coupled to the first end (3).
10. Groupe motopropulseur selon la revendication 9 en combinaison avec la revendication 8, le moteur à combustion comprenant un élément de filtration des acyclismes de combustion (16, 17), caractérisé en ce que l’évidement (18) loge en partie l’élément de filtration (16, 17). 10. Power unit according to claim 9 in combination with claim 8, the combustion engine comprising a combustion acyclic filter element (16, 17), characterized in that the recess (18) partly houses the element filtration (16, 17).
PCT/FR2021/051562 2020-10-20 2021-09-14 Gearbox integrating a driving electric machine WO2022084594A1 (en)

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FR2010732A FR3115239B1 (en) 2020-10-20 2020-10-20 GEARBOX INTEGRATING AN ELECTRIC DRIVE MACHINE
FRFR2010732 2020-10-20

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2010732A1 (en) 1968-06-12 1970-02-20 Molins Machine Co Ltd
FR3007696A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2015-01-02 Renault Sa HYBRID TRANSMISSION WITH AN ADDITIONAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE AND CONTROL METHOD
EP3160786A1 (en) 2014-06-24 2017-05-03 Renault S.A.S. Hybrid transmission with offset electric machine and method for controlling gear changes
EP3312478A1 (en) * 2015-06-22 2018-04-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle shift control device
EP3476637A1 (en) * 2016-06-29 2019-05-01 BYD Company Limited Power drive system and vehicle
WO2020097885A1 (en) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 Hybrid drive system and working method therefor, torque distribution method and gear shift control method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2010732A1 (en) 1968-06-12 1970-02-20 Molins Machine Co Ltd
FR3007696A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2015-01-02 Renault Sa HYBRID TRANSMISSION WITH AN ADDITIONAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE AND CONTROL METHOD
EP3160786A1 (en) 2014-06-24 2017-05-03 Renault S.A.S. Hybrid transmission with offset electric machine and method for controlling gear changes
EP3312478A1 (en) * 2015-06-22 2018-04-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle shift control device
EP3476637A1 (en) * 2016-06-29 2019-05-01 BYD Company Limited Power drive system and vehicle
WO2020097885A1 (en) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 Hybrid drive system and working method therefor, torque distribution method and gear shift control method

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