WO2022080259A1 - Application method, method for producing fuel cell or fuel cell, method for producing secondary battery or secondary battery, method for producing all-solid-state battery or all-solid-state battery - Google Patents

Application method, method for producing fuel cell or fuel cell, method for producing secondary battery or secondary battery, method for producing all-solid-state battery or all-solid-state battery Download PDF

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WO2022080259A1
WO2022080259A1 PCT/JP2021/037370 JP2021037370W WO2022080259A1 WO 2022080259 A1 WO2022080259 A1 WO 2022080259A1 JP 2021037370 W JP2021037370 W JP 2021037370W WO 2022080259 A1 WO2022080259 A1 WO 2022080259A1
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slurry
solvent
viscosity
coating
electrode
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PCT/JP2021/037370
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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正文 松永
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正文 松永
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/26Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/24Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562Solid materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92Metals of platinum group
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coating method, a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, a method for manufacturing a secondary battery or a secondary battery, a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state battery.
  • the material to be coated in the present invention is a liquid, and the liquid contains particles, staple fibers, and the like, and is generally expressed as a slurry or dispersion.
  • a fluid containing particles, staple fibers, etc. is defined as a slurry.
  • Binders and thickeners may or may not be contained in the slurry or the like.
  • a liquid containing particles having a median diameter D50 of more than 10 micrometers tends to settle as the specific gravity of the particles increases or the particles aggregate.
  • Graphene and its composite materials which contribute to its conductivity, can also be uniformly dispersed as a slurry by adding a solvent and, if necessary, some binder.
  • different problems such as non-uniform dispersion and easy aggregation occur, which need to be solved.
  • the present invention is effective at least in a method of applying a slurry having a low viscosity at the time of ejection, and is particularly characterized by forming electrodes of a battery. Further, a method of manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, or a secondary battery or a secondary battery.
  • It can be characterized by manufacturing or all-solid-state battery or its manufacturing. It is important to form desired macropores and mesopores in the electrodes of the fuel cell, if necessary, and to leave the micropores, mesopores, macropores, and the like. It is also important to increase the surface area of the electrode to reduce the resistance. On the contrary, it was preferable that there were no voids in the electrode and electrolyte layer formation of the all-solid-state battery. In order to improve the performance of the electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery by charging and discharging the active material, it is required to form an electrode whose density distribution in contact with the electrolyte liquid is inclined as it moves away from the current collector, but the pore (bubble space) is fine.
  • the present invention does not limit the electrode forming process, the electrolyte forming process such as an all-solid-state battery, or the method of applying a liquid such as a slurry.
  • the coating according to the present invention is not particularly limited to a two-fluid spray, a slot nozzle spray, a compressed gas assist slot nozzle, a slit nozzle spray, etc.
  • An ideal triangular or bell-shaped liquid film pattern can be formed by spraying with a hydraulic pressure of about 0.7 MPa.
  • the micro curtain coat is a method invented by the present inventor, and is a wide-angle spray pattern airless spray nozzle (for example, a cross-cut nozzle manufactured by Nordson Co., Ltd.
  • Perovskite solar cells are the most promising organic solar cells, and prototypes such as applying a perovskite chemical solution to a wide area of 300 mm x 300 mm with a thin film by the inkjet method have been made.
  • development is progressing to reduce the amount of expensive catalyst.
  • the amount of catalyst such as platinum is required to be 0.3 mg or less per square centimeter for the cathode electrode, and the anode is required to be extremely small, about 0.05 mg.
  • fine particles such as platinum or a platinum / cobalt alloy are usually supported on carbon particles.
  • a core-shell type catalyst having palladium as a core and platinum as a shell and having improved utilization efficiency of platinum is also used.
  • Platinum-catalyzed fine particles are as small as a few nanometers but have a specific gravity of 20 or more, so the carbon particles that carry platinum are also primary particles with a size of nanometers, and the electrolyte solution generally has a solid content of 5 to 10%. Since the total content is also very small, it was necessary to make the coating film an ultra-thin film in order to obtain the above-mentioned small amount of solid content. Or even the solids needed to be 5 to 10 percent, or even 0.5 to 3 percent.
  • the two-fluid spray air spray method and ultrasonic spray method are preferred, but most of the spray particles are alcohol-based solvents and water, so they have adhesive strength. Although the catalyst particles were expensive, the coating efficiency was extremely poor.
  • active material particles of secondary batteries active material particles of all-solid-state batteries, electrolyte particles, fine particles such as carbon as a conductive auxiliary agent, and carbon nanotubes, especially single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNTs) are fluorinated.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a method in which an insulating resin solution is sprayed on an exposed metal wire or the like with an airless nozzle at a low pressure with a liquid film for the purpose of preventing a short circuit due to dew condensation on an electronic component integrated circuit of a mounted printed circuit board, and only a desired portion is covered. is suggesting. Generally, the soldered portion on the back surface of the mounting board is entirely covered with a liquid film except for the connector pins on the board surface and electronic components that require heat dissipation, and dried to obtain a dry film.
  • the method using this liquid film utilizes the surface tension and interfacial tension of the liquid and the object immediately after application to reduce the variation in the flow rate distribution of the low-pressure liquid film due to the airless nozzle when applying the solvent-rich transparent (clear) resin solution. It is an application that makes the wet coating film almost uniform. However, not only in liquid film coating but also in two-fluid sprays, if the original slurry is made into a solvent-rich slurry, there is a big problem of precipitation. Then, it was necessary to make a low-viscosity slurry in order to improve the coating suitability.
  • the present invention is to coat a low-viscosity slurry at a desired film thickness in multiple layers with a thin film as needed, at least when ejected from a nozzle. Further, even if the viscosity is low, the coating efficiency is brought close to 100% or as close as possible to 100% while preventing the precipitation of the slurry. It is also a goal to pattern coat the desired quadrangular shape without a mask.
  • a slurry consisting of a resin and a solvent, a colored paint or an adhesive, but a solid particles and a solvent and, if necessary, a resin or a resin solution is added to make a slurry that does not easily settle, and when applied, a slurry having a low viscosity is used, which is good.
  • One of the goals is to form a good slurry liquid film that is stable during spraying at a relatively low pressure from an airless spray nozzle, for example, and apply it to an object.
  • a slurry having a high viscosity of 1000 mPa ⁇ s or more, for example, 3000 to 5000 mPa ⁇ s or more as a thin film.
  • a slurry having a low viscosity of 200 mPa ⁇ s or less, for example, about 50 mPa ⁇ s tends to settle, the appropriateness of application with a two-fluid spray or an airless spray nozzle was good.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is a high value-added coating method, a fuel cell manufacturing method or a fuel cell, a secondary battery manufacturing method or a secondary battery, and the next generation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a secondary battery, particularly an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state air battery, or a next-generation secondary battery.
  • a method of mixing a solvent with a relatively high-viscosity original slurry to reduce the viscosity and spraying the slurry immediately before application can be applied to a two-fluid spray, a liquid film spray, a slot nozzle method, or the like.
  • adding gas to the original slurry to form a foam (foam) is effective because a binder having a relatively high cohesive force can be easily dissolved instantly in the process of adding a solvent to reduce the viscosity.
  • at least one original slurry is made to have a relatively high viscosity, and for example, active material particles for a positive electrode or a negative electrode, particles or short fibers for an electrolyte, and a binder if necessary are added to each of them independently.
  • a solvent can be added downstream to reduce the viscosity of at least one, and the layers can be laminated and coated in a desired order.
  • the particles or the like may be selected and mixed to form a slurry, which may be laminated as a thin film.
  • the high speed in the flow path according to the present invention is 0.3 m / s. Or more, and may be, for example, 1.5 m / s.
  • mixing and dispersion with a small static mixer, dynamic mixer, etc., or the collision mixing means proposed by the present invention from the past is installed alone or in combination to promote the mixing condition of the slurry and the solvent. It is even better because the desired mixture can be obtained in a short time.
  • a slurry having a relatively high viscosity or a high solid content is moved to make it difficult for particles or the like to settle, and the particles are mixed with a solvent immediately before the coating device, in the coating device, or downstream of the coating head to reduce the viscosity. Can be quickly applied to an object. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for thin film coating because it can solve the problem of precipitation, which is a weak point of low solid content slurry.
  • carbon dioxide in addition to the two-fluid spray, carbon dioxide can be easily atomized by rotary atomization or by selecting carbon dioxide as a gas to make a supercritical fluid.
  • the general two-fluid spray including the air assist slot nozzle, and the slit spray nozzle that can spray a wide width from a narrow elongated groove, it is made into particles.
  • the pulse-like spray is effective because it is easy to manage the waveform of the hydraulic pressure, the drop in the hydraulic pressure can be made large, and it is easy to check the change in the flow rate. Further, it is possible to check the flow rate of a commercially available flow path and check the data with a coating weight measuring device at a desired timing.
  • the coating weight of each material can be instantly controlled up to the fine part of the electrode, it is possible to form a high-performance, high-quality electrode or the like.
  • a two-fluid spray or the like is used in order to eliminate particle clogging in the narrow gap between the needle of the low-viscosity slurry and the sheet gap by opening and closing the needle in milliseconds, and to improve the adhesion to the object.
  • a pulsed spray is preferred.
  • the speed of the spray particles is increased by the method of the present invention, and the application is first applied by a pulse-like spray with an impact to improve the adhesion, and then the liquid film of the airless spray nozzle of the present invention is used to stack as many layers as possible. It can be done by applying a combination with a slot nozzle.
  • the volatilization of the solvent is promoted and the particles of the coating film in the intermediate layer on the object are less likely to settle.
  • the present invention is a method of applying a slurry to an object with a coating device, and comprises a step of mixing a solid content consisting of at least solid particles which are non-volatile components and a solvent which is a volatile component to obtain a high-viscosity original slurry.
  • a coating method comprising a step of mixing and mixing to form a low-viscosity slurry and coating the object.
  • the present invention circulates the original slurry in a circulation flow path or reciprocates in a flow path between at least two tanks to prevent precipitation, and downstream of the coating head provided with an automatic opening / closing mechanism connected to the flow path.
  • a coating method comprising a step of merging the original slurry and a solvent to reduce the viscosity, and applying the low-viscosity slurry to an object with a coating head. I will provide a.
  • the non-volatile content of the original slurry of the present invention is 65% by weight or less, of which the weight ratio of solid particles or particles to short fibers is 55% or less, and the binder is 10% by weight or less.
  • a coating method characterized in that the volatile content is 35% or more and the viscosity of the original slurry is 3000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
  • the viscosity of the low-viscosity slurry of the present invention is 200 mPa ⁇ s or less, and the object is heated.
  • the coating device of the present invention is at least one of an airless spray nozzle liquid film coating device, a compressed gas assisted airless spray nozzle coating device, a slit nozzle coating device, a slot nozzle coating device, a compressed gas assist slot nozzle coating device, and a two-fluid spray coating device.
  • a coating method comprising selecting one and coating the object in a single layer or in a laminated manner.
  • the original slurry contains a binder, and the solvent is composed of at least two kinds of solvents, and provides a coating method characterized by merging and mixing at least one solvent to form a low-viscosity slurry.
  • the coating device of the present invention is a compressed gas assist slot nozzle coating device or a two-fluid spray coating device, and the solvent is contained in the compressed gas until the ejection flow of the compressed gas is blown onto the original slurry or the low-viscosity slurry.
  • a coating method characterized by the above.
  • the object is selected from a fuel cell electrolyte membrane, a gas diffusion layer, and a transfer film
  • the original slurry is an electrode ink containing a platinum catalyst and having a solid content of 5 to 25% by weight.
  • a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell which comprises applying the low-viscosity slurry to form a membrane electrode composite.
  • At least one of the coating heads of the present invention is a spray nozzle or a fine particle generator, and is characterized in that it is laminated and the density of the electrodes is gradually or continuously inclined from the electrolyte membrane toward the gas diffusion layer.
  • a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell is provided.
  • the electrode of the present invention contains an electrolyte solid content
  • the electrode ink contains an electrolyte solution
  • a coating device independent of the electrode ink having a different ratio of the electrolyte solution solid content is prepared, or an independent electrolyte solution coating is performed.
  • An apparatus is provided to provide a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, wherein the electrolyte ratio of the electrode close to the electrolyte membrane is larger than the electrolyte ratio of the electrode close to the gas diffusion layer.
  • a method for manufacturing a secondary battery characterized in that the object of the present invention is a collector for a secondary battery and the slurry is a slurry for a secondary battery electrode to form an electrode of the secondary battery, The next battery is provided.
  • the electrode density is changed stepwise or continuously as the distance from the current collector interface increases, and the electrode density is inclined.
  • a method for manufacturing a secondary battery or a secondary battery is provided.
  • the present invention provides an all-solid-state battery manufacturing method or an all-solid-state battery, wherein the object is selected from a current collector, an electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer, and the slurry is an electrode slurry or a solid electrolyte slurry. ..
  • a slurry composed of at least one active material particle and at least one electrolyte particle are used.
  • a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state battery characterized in that the ratio of hits is changed and the ratio is gradually or continuously inclined.
  • the quantity, shape, type, and specific gravity of particles and staple fibers do not matter.
  • the number of slurries may be one or more, and when the number of slurries is one, the number of coating devices may be one or more. Further, when a plurality of slurry, binder solution, electrolyte solution, etc. are independently laminated and coated, a plurality of coating devices are used.
  • the density change of the inclination due to the spray or the particle generator such as ultrasonic spray or collision atomization which is not displayed in the present invention, is the distance to the object of the divergent spray flow, the pulse-like spray cycle, and the compressed gas.
  • the pressure can be easily adjusted by adjusting the pressure in the range of, for example, about 0.05 to 0.7 MPa. Further, the ratio of the active material particles to the electrolyte particles can be easily adjusted by changing the hydraulic pressure, the volume to be pumped, the pulse cycle of the pulse-like spray, and the like, and the gradient coating can be performed. If the first layer of the object or a layer close to it is likely to generate mesopores or micropores, it can be easily adjusted by manually or automatically adjusting the distance with a pulsed spray.
  • the type of binder or solvent does not matter.
  • electrolyte solutions such as ionomers for fuel cells and binders such as vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for the positive electrode of secondary batteries and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for the negative electrode
  • PVDF vinylidene fluoride
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • glycerin used as a thickener with a high boiling point should be used. Can be done. Glycerin can be expected to have an azeotropic effect with an alcohol-based low boiling point solvent such as 2-propanol.
  • 50% or more of the solvent of the original ink of the fuel cell solvent can be water. For example, 80% or more can be made into water according to the fire service law of each country.
  • an alcohol-based organic solvent can be added to the downstream side of the coating head or the like in the booth where the exhaust environment for applying the electrode ink is prepared to reduce the viscosity of the electrode ink and apply the electrode ink.
  • an alcohol solvent to which water is added may be used. Heating the electrolyte membrane, which is the object, for example, if the opposite side of the coated surface proposed by the present inventor is heated and adsorbed, even the water contained in the organic solvent or the original slurry can be instantly adsorbed within a few seconds by an azeotropic phenomenon of 95%. The above can be volatilized in a short time. Furthermore, compressed gas assist and two-fluid spray can further promote drying. In the present invention, objects and slurries can be promoted by heating, applying under vacuum, or moving under vacuum.
  • the type of the secondary battery does not matter.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery may be used.
  • a sodium ion secondary battery may be used.
  • the secondary battery of the present invention may be an all-solid-state battery of the next-generation secondary battery, and may be an all-solid-state air battery.
  • the type and shape of the active material particles for the positive electrode or the negative electrode are not limited regardless of the type of the sulfide-based or oxide-based solid electrolyte particles.
  • the carbon or porous carbon that supports catalysts such as platinum particles of several nanometers in fuel cells and core-shell catalyst particles also support platinum in the mesopores and macropores on the surface, making ideal original electrode inks. Can be maintained until just before application. Therefore, in the production of electrode ink, it is possible to have a structure that reduces poisoning due to contact with ionomers over time.
  • Micropores, mesopores, and macropores can be suitably formed on the pulse-like spray invented by the present inventor and the electrodes laminated with a thin film by the impact pulse method by adding speed to the pulse-like spray flow, and the surface area of the interface is widened. This reduces resistance and allows smooth drainage of water, especially at the cathode.
  • the impact pulse method can increase the coating efficiency to 95% or more, which leads to high performance and reduction of expensive platinum catalyst.
  • this method has a problem of productivity and difficulty in forming a sharp pattern such as a long square.
  • an airless liquid film coating device that does not require a mask, a slot nozzle coating device, etc. and an impact due to two fluids are used. It is possible to combine only the advantages of each pulse to form a thin film for forming a desired pattern, so that the problem can be solved. According to the present invention, all of these problems can be solved.
  • the number of cavities in the nozzle for example, which is the flow path of the low-viscosity slurry downstream of the coating head equipped with the automatic opening / closing valve, can be reduced to the utmost limit. Therefore, the precipitation of the low-viscosity slurry can be prevented, for example, by vibration of ultrasonic waves or the like in the case of a water-rich solvent. In addition, when the work is stopped, the low-viscosity slurry can be discharged with a solvent.
  • a secondary battery electrode in which a plurality of types of solid particles, staple fibers and the like are mixed and used, they can be made into one slurry, mixed and applied to a current collector. Further, the selected particles and the like can be mixed to form a plurality of slurries, which can be alternately laminated by a plurality of coating devices or in a desired order. Further, all solid particles or slurries for each single fiber can be laminated and coated in a desired order or in any order while being mixed in multiple layers with a thin film if necessary. This method can be applied not only to secondary batteries but also to various fields such as LED phosphor coating, pharmaceuticals, foods, and fertilizers.
  • the object is selected from a current collector, an electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer, and a mixture of an active material for an electrode, a conductive auxiliary agent, and solid electrolyte particles, or a slurry for each electrode is used. It can also be applied to the field of coated all-solid-state batteries.
  • a positive electrode of a secondary battery for example, a ternary (NCM) active material, a conductive auxiliary material, a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and a parent solvent of PVDF, normal methylpyrrolidone (NMP), are used.
  • NCM ternary
  • PVDF binder polyvinylidene fluoride
  • NMP normal methylpyrrolidone
  • the solvent having a low viscosity can be made low in viscosity by adding a poor solvent such as PVDF having a low boiling point such as normal heptane.
  • the thin film can be made as thin as possible, and the object can be heated as much as possible to quickly volatilize the solvent to form a thin film laminate.
  • This method is suitable because the poor solvent and the new solvent can be mixed while being crushed with a compressed gas by a two-fluid spray.
  • the viscosity was lowered to 200 mPa ⁇ s or less, for example, the solid particles of the slurry of the positive electrode having a large average particle diameter were precipitated. Therefore, in the present invention, the viscosity can be increased up to the vicinity of the coating head to move in the circulation flow path or the like to prevent precipitation, and a solvent can be added in the nozzle or even downstream or upstream thereof to reduce the viscosity.
  • the flow path can be simply miniaturized, so that the device can be made compact. After the place where the viscosity is made low, it is advisable to reduce the volume of the flow path as much as possible to reduce the viscosity, for example, spraying.
  • the object is similarly formed from the collector, the electrode layer, and the solid electrolyte layer in the electrode formation to which the electrolyte particles of the all-solid-state battery are added and the formation of the electrolyte layer. It can also be selected and applied to the field of all-solid-state batteries coated with an electrode slurry composed of an active material for a solid electrolyte, a conductive auxiliary agent, and solid electrolyte particles.
  • the active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the solid electrolyte particles can be laminated and coated in a desired order as a thin film as an independent slurry, and if necessary, they can be coated by collision mixing in one coating head. You can also.
  • the portion including the nozzle in the low viscosity region after mixing with the solvent can be replaced with the low viscosity slurry immediately before the operation by extruding the low viscosity slurry with the solvent when the line is stopped.
  • the present invention for example, single or multiple kinds of particles such as active material particles, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) as conductive aids, short fibers such as graphene, and a single mixture of fine particle carbon are mixed. It is also possible to laminate and coat with slurry, but it is not limited to this, and multiple slurry of different types, dispersions of multiple conductive auxiliaries, etc. are created, and a plurality of coating devices corresponding to the dispersions are used to obtain the desired distribution. Electrodes can be formed.
  • the slurry made of the active material is mainly applied by the method of the present invention, for example, liquid film coating or slot nozzle coating. Since there are few, two-fluid spray can be performed in that state, especially pulse-like spray with impact. Further, coating by an ultrasonic spray or an ultrafine particle generator, and further, these fine particles may be electrostatically charged and coated.
  • the present invention in the case of a plurality of slurrys, it is sufficient to apply the present invention only to the slurry that easily precipitates when the viscosity is low, and the dispersion such as the single SWCNT that is difficult to precipitate is the solvent in the flow path according to the present invention. It may or may not be diluted with.
  • the object can be heated.
  • the heating temperature is preferably 30 to 200 ° C. because the viscosity of the binder is rapidly lowered and the solvent can be evaporated, and more preferably 50 to 150 ° C. for evaporation without bumping the solvent by thin film coating.
  • a heated adsorption drum that can adsorb an object can be heated without a heat insulating layer of gas, so that it is possible to prevent a temperature drop due to the heat of vaporization of the solvent and promote evaporation of the solvent.
  • the time required to evaporate the solvent by 95% or more is preferably within 5 seconds, more ideally within 2 seconds.
  • the liquid film when the liquid film is applied to an object, the liquid film is guaranteed by bringing the liquid film closer to 20 mm or less, and further to about 12 mm or less.
  • the width of the liquid film becomes narrower and the width of the stripe becomes narrower.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a high-performance coating method, a fuel cell manufacturing method or a fuel cell, a secondary battery manufacturing method or a secondary battery, an all-solid-state battery manufacturing method or an all-solid-state battery.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which the circulating original slurry flow path according to the embodiment of the present invention is branched and connected to one of the coating heads downstream thereof, and the solvent flow path is connected to the coating head from the opposite side.
  • the original slurry and the solvent from the automatic opening / closing valve downstream of the flow path branched from the original circulation circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention and the automatic opening / closing valve downstream of the flow path branched from the solvent circulation circuit merge and further downstream.
  • It is a schematic cross-sectional view to proceed. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which branched the flow path between two containers and merged the branched original slurry which moves back and forth between containers, and the solvent of a pressure tank.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slot nozzle.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the lower part of the slot nozzle of FIG. 4a. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the membrane which the distribution flowed with time.
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of a shim for a slot nozzle. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the compressed gas assist slot nozzle. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the micro curtain (liquid film by an airless nozzle) part.
  • the original slurry 1 stored in the tank 2 is sucked into the pump 5 via the pipe 4, and is sucked into the pump 5 via the heater 6, the filter 7, the slurry hydraulic pressure regulating regulator 8, the pipe (hose) 9, and 10. It is sucked into the pump again via the circulation valve 110. Further, the pipes 9 and 10 are branched and moved to the coating head 101 via the pipe 100.
  • the pipe 100 may be a flow path inside the coating head 101.
  • the solvent in the pressure tank 106 moves to the coating head 101 via the pipe 103, merges with the original slurry, is mixed, and is discharged or sprayed from the nozzle 102.
  • the original slurry in the tank 2 can be agitated by the stirring device 3, and the original slurry sucked by the circulation pump is sucked into the pump again for the portion not consumed by the coating head 101 via the circulation circuit, and only the portion consumed by the coating head. Only the original slurry of is supplied from the tank 2.
  • the pump 5 is a balanced field type pump such as an air piston pump, the operation is instantaneously performed.
  • the above pipe may be a flexible pipe or hose, and may be a flow path processed in a block or the like.
  • Fig. 2 if the liquid temperature is not heated by the circulation circuit of the original slurry, it is not necessary to attach a heater.
  • the original slurry 21 of the tank 22 is sucked and pumped to the pump 25 via the pipe 24, and further sucked to the pump 25 via the pipes 20 and 29 circulation valves (circulation flow paths) 210 via the hydraulic regulator 28.
  • the original slurry merges with the solvent moving from the solvent flow path in the flow path 200 branched between the pipes 29 and 20 of the circulation circuit and the flow path downstream of the slurry automatic opening / closing valve 201, and collides and mixes, for example, to form a bottleneck 215. It is discharged from the nozzle via.
  • the nozzle When the nozzle is a two-fluid spray nozzle, airless spray nozzle, etc., it can be applied to the object with a spray or liquid film, and in the case of a slot nozzle, a stripe coat, a full surface coat, or a desired pattern coat can be selected according to the electrode width.
  • the solvent may be supplied in a pressure tank, but if a large amount is required, the solvent 205 in the tank 206 is sucked by the pump 220 via the pipe 221 and adjusted by the hydraulic pressure regulator 223 and returned to the tank 206 through the pipe 224 and circulated. Let me.
  • the purpose of circulation is to provide a filter (not shown) in the circulation circuit or the like to remove foreign matter.
  • a filter (not shown) can be installed in the original slurry circuit.
  • the solvent moves further downstream by being merged with the original slurry, for example, by collision mixing, via the pipe 225 branched from the circulation circuit, the automatic opening / closing valve 212, and the flow path 214. It is desirable to adjust the hydraulic pressure regulator so that both the original slurry and the solvent have the same pressure at the time of the merging collision, and the original slurry and the solvent can be forcibly extruded and merged at a desired ratio by, for example, an electric volumetric pump.
  • the original slurries 31 and 31'of the two containers 32 and 33 reciprocate between the containers via the pipes 350 and 351.
  • the pipe 350 and 351 are branched, and the flow path 352 is connected to the flow path 313 via the slurry automatic opening / closing valve 311 and joins the flow path 314 via the solvent supply automatic opening / closing valve 312.
  • the inner diameter and cross section of the flow paths (bore) 313 and 314 are smaller than the outlet diameter of the nozzle 302 and the inner diameter and cross section of the flow path 315, the collision energy becomes higher, and the collision energy can be increased even though the size is small. ..
  • a mixing device such as a small static mixer can be installed to mix.
  • the tank may be a pressurized tank, and pressurization may be performed by compressed gas.
  • one of the two containers is a pressurized tank, one container is a release container, the original slurry is moved to the release container, and the slurry of the release container is transferred to the pressure vessel by a pump.
  • the pump is not particularly limited to a gear pump, a trochoid pump, a plunger pump, a diaphragm pump, a snake pump, etc., and an inexpensive and small pump is preferable. Since it is only necessary to output from the pump at a pressure higher than the pressure of the pressurized tank, the drive unit may be installed at the upper part of the tank and the lower part may be installed inside the tank. Therefore, if a liquid leaks, the structure may be such that it only flows into the tank, so there is no problem even if it pulsates. For example, an inexpensive air-driven plunger pump or a single piston pump may be used.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slot nozzle.
  • the original slurry enters the slot nozzle through the flow paths 45 and 46 via the slurry automatic opening / closing valve 42 connected to the circulation circuit and the pipes 43 and 44 moving between the two tanks.
  • the slot nozzle is usually provided with an upper block 48, a lower block 49, and a shim 410 forming a pattern width and a flow path between them, and becomes a flow path of the original slurry.
  • the application width of the slot nozzle can usually be selected from about 10 to 2500 mm, and the slot nozzle is manufactured by sandwiching the shims of the unapplied portions at both ends into the shim openings having a desired length in the application width direction.
  • the block wetted part can be processed to spread out to form an opening with a coating width.
  • a coating width For example, even an object such as a film substrate that is conveyed at a high speed of 1200 mm wide Roll to Roll at a speed of 60 m / min can be continuously applied without any problem, and the automatic opening / closing valve is made a suckback type to intermittently apply at high speed.
  • a pattern coat can also be performed.
  • the liquid reservoir 47 on the extension of the flow path 46 is machined to a length that covers the entire coating width direction.
  • the flow path 46 leading to the liquid reservoir 47 is machined near the center of the liquid reservoir 47 to make the pressure distribution in the width direction of the slot nozzle uniform with the thickness of the shim 410. Therefore, for example, there is no problem when applying a 1000 mm width in a liquid reservoir with a width of 1000 mm, but for example, when applying in combination with a length of 500 mm, the reservoir groove is relatively soft and resistant to about 250 mm on both sides. High-speed intermittent pattern application can be achieved by filling chemical properties such as fluorine-based rods to eliminate air accumulation. Further, if the precipitation of the slurry occurs in the reservoir groove, there is a concern that the distribution may be fatally poor.
  • the flow paths 46 or the like are provided at both ends of the reservoir groove portion, and when discharge is performed, the groove portion is provided.
  • a reservoir 407 for merging the solvent downstream of the original slurry flow path due to the shim of the slot nozzle is provided, and the original slurry and the solvent can be merged and mixed to have a low viscosity and applied. When the coating is stopped, the risk of precipitation can be ignored by discharging the low-viscosity slurry downstream of the solvent reservoir.
  • the solvent usually reaches the solvent reservoir groove developed in the width direction of the slot nozzle via the pipe 401 in which the solvent is pressurized, the solvent automatic opening / closing valve 402, and the flow path 403. It is preferable to process the solvent reservoir in the upper block of the slot nozzle because it is possible to prevent precipitation of particles of the low-viscosity slurry mixed with the original slurry in the reservoir.
  • the original slurry reservoir groove portion 47 is developed from the original slurry flow path 46 of the lower block 49 of the slot nozzle in FIG. 4b to the left and right.
  • a shim 410 is installed on the upper surface of the lower block 49, and a flow path and a coating opening are formed by sandwiching the shim 410 with an upper block (not shown).
  • the flow path 46 of the original slurry is connected to the automatic opening / closing valve 42 of the original slurry upstream, and the valve is connected by the pipes 43 and 44 of the original slurry, and the original slurry circulates or reciprocates and moves inside the slot nozzle. Further, by providing flow paths at both ends of the reservoir portion 47 of the original slurry and extruding from both sides, it is possible to prevent the original slurry from staying and settling in the reservoir portion 47.
  • the shim 410 of FIG. 4c can be processed so that the desired opening can be formed by forming a shim 410'in which fine openings are formed in a strip shape.
  • a stripe coat can be formed on the downstream side according to the opening, and the opening near the most downstream part of the stripe nozzle can be cut out from a strip and applied over the entire surface of the opening. Regardless of whether it is an original slurry or a low-viscosity slurry, it is effective to make a strip-shaped shim in order to make the flow rate distribution in the width direction of the slot nozzle more uniform. Also, when merging the striped flow with strip-shaped shims, the flow at both ends and the center of the striped flow is divided into laminar flow and turbulent flow, and the dispersed state is such that the difference in slurry color can be visually recognized, so the stripe width and pitch.
  • the dispersion can be made uniform in both the original slurry and the low-viscosity slurry mixed with the solvent. Further, in order to improve the mixing with the solvent, the shims and the upper and lower blocks can be vibrated little by little, for example, by ultrasonic vibration, so that the mixing with the solvent can be promoted especially at the outlet opening.
  • FIG. 5 shows a method of spraying a compressed gas assist flow from one side or both sides to the liquid film of the original slurry discharged from the coating opening of the slot nozzle of FIG.
  • a liquid film, droplets, or fine particles not shown as a liquid film, droplets, or fine particles are formed by the pressure of the compressed gas ejected toward the low-viscosity slurry discharged from the compressed gas flow path 510, 512 via 512 and 513 through the slot nozzle opening. It is applied.
  • Both the original slurry and the low-viscosity slurry can be distributed to many narrow strip-shaped openings by making the shims into strips, and the flow distribution of the width items flowing out to the downstream can be made uniform.
  • a strip-shaped shim can be used to coat the downstream part of the opening in stripes on the object as many as the opening.
  • the opening width is 1 mm
  • the pitch is 5 mm
  • the shim thickness is 0.15 mm, so that the discharge flow at the slot nozzle opening is divided into small pieces. Therefore, it is suitable for atomizing a low-viscosity slurry with a compressed gas.
  • the thickness of the shim is generally about 0.05 to 1 mm, but it is not limited, and the flow path (opening) shape of each part formed by the upper block, the strip-shaped shim, and the lower block, and the pitch of the opening are limited.
  • the strip-shaped shims are effective for the entire slurry dispersion in the slot nozzle internal structure in general regardless of the viscosity of the slurry. Further, it is effective for a liquid containing any solid content, not limited to a slurry, by mixing a solvent into an assisted compressed gas flow, merging the solvent near the nozzle opening, or a combination thereof. In particular, by mixing normal heptane, which is a poor solvent, into the compressed gas in the vicinity of the nozzle opening as necessary in the secondary battery electrode slurry, the suitability for vinegar play can be improved and azeotrope of a high boiling point solvent such as NMP can be expected.
  • a high boiling point solvent such as NMP
  • the original slurry circulates or moves from the pipe 63 via the coating head 62 and the pipe 64.
  • the solvent joins and mixes with the original slurry via the solvent pipe 601 and the solvent automatic opening / closing valve pipe or the flow path 603 at the downstream 610 of the coating head equipped with the automatic opening / closing mechanism, and the original slurry becomes low viscosity and the airless spray nozzle 611. Is sprayed from.
  • a liquid film is formed by setting the pressure of both the original slurry and the solvent to a low pressure of, for example, about 0.05 to 0.7 MPa, and the nozzle and the object are relatively moved and applied to an object (not shown) in the liquid film.
  • the combined mixing of the solvents may be done in the nozzle.
  • the airless nozzle may be a two-fluid spray nozzle, and the solvent may be merged in the spray nozzle or up to the nozzle opening or an extension line thereof.
  • the moment when the original slurry with high viscosity is made into spray particles by discharging the original slurry from the inner flow path of the double pipe and discharging the solvent from the outer flow path or vice versa, and spraying while crushing with compressed gas. Since the viscosity can be lowered, it can be sprayed well. Further, by moistening the original slurry opening with the solvent of the solvent opening, it is possible to prevent the original slurry opening from drying and to stabilize the coating amount.
  • the double pipe may be a triple pipe or a combination of a triple pipe or more, for example, a quintuple pipe or a flow path.
  • the spray suitability is improved and it can be atomized. Further, by moistening the solvent of the middle channel or the third channel to the original slurry channel, the nozzle opening can be prevented from drying. Further, the original slurry can be used for a desired number of pipes and flow paths by collecting single-layer pipes and flow paths, and other pipes and flow paths can be used as a solvent.
  • This structure which can combine multiple liquids, can be applied not only as a combination of an original slurry and a solvent, but also as a two-fluid spray of a combined mixture of two or more other types of liquids.
  • This merging and mixing method can be applied to, for example, a two-component reactive liquid, and can be applied to an active material slurry and a conductive auxiliary agent slurry of a battery, an active material slurry and a solid electrolyte slurry of an all-solid-state battery, and a catalyst ink such as platinum of a fuel cell.
  • the combination of Nafion solution which is an ionomer, is possible.
  • batteries and fuel cells can be applied as ratio adjustment by combining a plurality of independent slurries or solutions, or as thin film laminated coating by each alone or in combination.
  • the method of merging the solvent alone of the present invention is more effective because it not only improves the spray suitability by lowering the viscosity but also discharges a two-component reactive liquid or a low-viscosity slurry that easily precipitates in the flow path downstream from the merging. It is a target.
  • the original slurry which is difficult to settle is circulated or moved to increase the circulation speed in the pipe or the flow path (for example, 0.3 m / s or more) to make it more difficult to settle and shear in the shortest possible time.
  • the viscosity is made uniform by stress, and more preferably, it is mixed with a solvent in the coating head downstream thereof and further downstream thereof to form a low-viscosity slurry, and the coating suitability is improved. Further, if necessary, when the coating from the nozzle is stopped, the low-viscosity slurry in the flow path further downstream from the solvent merging is discharged by the solvent to prevent the low-viscosity slurry from precipitating and improve the workability of the coating. From the above, in the present invention, thin film coating and thin film laminated coating can be easily performed by liquid film coating of slurry, two-fluid spray coating, slot nozzle coating, compressed gas assist slot nozzle and the like.

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Abstract

When making solid particles into a slurry and applying the slurry in the form of a thin film, it has been necessary for the slurry to have a low solids content, a low viscosity, and low cohesion. However, the risk of precipitation was high when the viscosity was low and the specific gravity of the particles was high. In addition, since a slurry containing many particles tends to aggregate especially near an open/close valve that suddenly constricts a flow path, it was difficult to narrow an opening to, for example, 100 micrometers or smaller. By making the original slurry relatively high in viscosity, precipitation of particles, etc. can be lessened, and precipitation can be prevented by circulating or reciprocating the flow path of the original slurry. A solvent is merged and admixed downstream of a coating head equipped with an automatic open/close valve in the middle of the flow path or downstream of where the flow path branches to form a low-viscosity slurry, which is applied immediately. Therefore, application unaffected by precipitation of the slurry is possible by minimizing the cavity of the low-viscosity slurry. Also, when application is suspended for an extended period of time, the low-viscosity slurry for the tiny cavity can be discharged by a solvent.

Description

塗布方法、燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池、2次電池の製造方法または2次電池、全固体電池の製造方法または全固体電池Coating method, fuel cell manufacturing method or fuel cell, secondary battery manufacturing method or secondary battery, all-solid-state battery manufacturing method or all-solid-state battery
 本発明は塗布方法、燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池、2次電池の製造方法または2次電池、全固体電池の製造方法または全固体電池に係る。
特に本発明の塗布する材料は液体であって、該液体には粒子や短繊維等を含有し一般的にはスラリーやディスパージョンとして表現される。本発明では粒子や短繊維などを含む流体をスラリーと定義する。スラリー等にバインダーや増粘剤は含まれても含まれなくても良い。また塗膜性能に悪影響を与える界面活性剤や分散剤は極力含まない方が良い。
メジアン径のD50が10マイクロメートルを超える粒子を含有する液体は粒子の比重が高いほど或いは凝集するほど沈降しやすい。ナノメートルオーダーの直径で、特に細い短繊維例えば単層カーボンナノチューブや繊維長が一般的にそれより長いカーボンナノファイバー等はそれらが膜厚方向、つまり縦方向に有効に対して、横方向に展開しその導電性に寄与するグラフェンやそれらの複合材料も溶媒や必要により若干のバインダー等を加えてスラリーにして均一に分散できる。しかし更に他の液体例えば活物質スラリー等に混合すると分散が均一でなかったり凝集しやすいなどのそれぞれ別の課題が発生するので解決する必要があった。
前者は樹脂分などのバインダーや増粘剤の含有量が少なくかつ粘度が例えば1000mPa・s以下、更には200mPa・s以下の場合は塗布装置などで固形粒子の沈降が著しく塗布した場合、経時的な品質不良の問題があった。
本発明は、少なくとも吐出時スラリーを低粘度にして塗布する方法に効果的であり、特に電池の電極形成に特徴を発揮でき更に燃料電池または燃料電池の製造方法、2次電池または2次電池の製造或いは全固体電池またはその製造に特徴を発揮できる。
燃料電池の電極では所望するマクロポアやメソポア必要によりマイクロポアを形成し、マイクロポア、メソポア、マクロポアなどを残存させることが重要である。また電極の表面積を広くして抵抗を下げることも重要である。
逆に全固体電池の電極や電解質層形成ではボイドは無い方が好ましかった。リチウムイオン2次電池の電極の活物質の充放電での性能向上のため集電体から離れるに従い電解質液に接する密度分布が傾斜の電極形成が求められているがポア(気泡空間)が微細な高密度から順に連続的に、あるいは段階的に所望する密度で形成する必要があった。
本発明では電極形成プロセスや全固体電池などの電解質形成プロセス、或いはスラリーなどの液体の塗布方法を限定するものでない。
本発明による塗布とは2流体スプレイ、スロットノズルスプレイ、圧縮気体アシストスロットノズル、スリットノズルスプレイなど特に限定しないが、液膜による塗布では主にエアレススプレイノズルやスリットノズルから比較的低圧例えば0.05乃至 0.7MPa程度の液圧でスプレイすることにより理想的な三角形や釣り鐘状の液膜パターンを形成できる。マイクロカーテンコートとは本発明者により発明された方法であって、広角スプレイパターンのエアレススプレイノズル(例えば米国ノードソン社製のクロスカットノズル)で液体などを0.05~0.7MPa程度の比較的低圧でスプレイし、霧になる前のマイクロ的液膜(マイクロカーテン)の部分を使用して被塗物とスプレイノズルを相対移動して塗布する方法であってオーバースプレイ粒子が発生がないので100パーセントの液体の塗着効率が期待できる。ノズルチップ先端から末広がりに液体が液膜で引き延ばされ最終的には三角形または釣り鐘状の液膜底辺両端から不安定な比較的長い液流や中央部でも大きな液滴になる。液膜部に圧縮気体を吹き付けて低液圧の圧縮気体アシストエアレススプレイとして応用できる。尚圧力が例えば3.5MPa・s以上の比較的高い液圧では上記液膜の三角形の液膜は小さい面積になり、液膜より下流は霧化しやすい。
The present invention relates to a coating method, a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, a method for manufacturing a secondary battery or a secondary battery, a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state battery.
In particular, the material to be coated in the present invention is a liquid, and the liquid contains particles, staple fibers, and the like, and is generally expressed as a slurry or dispersion. In the present invention, a fluid containing particles, staple fibers, etc. is defined as a slurry. Binders and thickeners may or may not be contained in the slurry or the like. In addition, it is better not to contain surfactants and dispersants that adversely affect the coating film performance as much as possible.
A liquid containing particles having a median diameter D50 of more than 10 micrometers tends to settle as the specific gravity of the particles increases or the particles aggregate. Nanometer-order diameter, especially fine short fibers such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers with generally longer fiber lengths, which are effective in the film thickness direction, that is, in the vertical direction, expand in the horizontal direction. Graphene and its composite materials, which contribute to its conductivity, can also be uniformly dispersed as a slurry by adding a solvent and, if necessary, some binder. However, when mixed with other liquids such as active material slurry, different problems such as non-uniform dispersion and easy aggregation occur, which need to be solved.
In the former case, when the content of the binder such as resin and the thickener is low and the viscosity is, for example, 1000 mPa · s or less, and further 200 mPa · s or less, when the solid particles are remarkably settled by a coating device or the like, the sedimentation over time occurs. There was a problem of poor quality.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is effective at least in a method of applying a slurry having a low viscosity at the time of ejection, and is particularly characterized by forming electrodes of a battery. Further, a method of manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, or a secondary battery or a secondary battery. It can be characterized by manufacturing or all-solid-state battery or its manufacturing.
It is important to form desired macropores and mesopores in the electrodes of the fuel cell, if necessary, and to leave the micropores, mesopores, macropores, and the like. It is also important to increase the surface area of the electrode to reduce the resistance.
On the contrary, it was preferable that there were no voids in the electrode and electrolyte layer formation of the all-solid-state battery. In order to improve the performance of the electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery by charging and discharging the active material, it is required to form an electrode whose density distribution in contact with the electrolyte liquid is inclined as it moves away from the current collector, but the pore (bubble space) is fine. It was necessary to form the desired density continuously or stepwise in order from the high density.
The present invention does not limit the electrode forming process, the electrolyte forming process such as an all-solid-state battery, or the method of applying a liquid such as a slurry.
The coating according to the present invention is not particularly limited to a two-fluid spray, a slot nozzle spray, a compressed gas assist slot nozzle, a slit nozzle spray, etc. An ideal triangular or bell-shaped liquid film pattern can be formed by spraying with a hydraulic pressure of about 0.7 MPa. The micro curtain coat is a method invented by the present inventor, and is a wide-angle spray pattern airless spray nozzle (for example, a cross-cut nozzle manufactured by Nordson Co., Ltd. in the United States) for relatively liquids and the like at about 0.05 to 0.7 MPa. It is a method of spraying at low pressure and applying by moving the object to be coated and the spray nozzle relative to each other using the part of the micro liquid film (micro curtain) before becoming mist, and since no overspray particles are generated, 100. Percentage liquid application efficiency can be expected. The liquid is stretched by the liquid film from the tip of the nozzle tip to the end, and finally becomes a large droplet even in an unstable relatively long liquid flow or the central part from both ends of the bottom of the triangular or bell-shaped liquid film. It can be applied as a low-pressure compressed gas-assisted airless spray by spraying compressed gas onto the liquid film. When the pressure is relatively high, for example, 3.5 MPa · s or more, the triangular liquid film of the liquid film has a small area, and the downstream side of the liquid film is easily atomized.
 機能性材料の対象物の塗布は薄膜が主流になってきている。
有機系太陽電池ではペロブスカイト太陽電池が有力でペロブスカイト系薬液をインクジェット法により300mm x 300mmの広い面積に薄膜で塗布するなどの試作がなされている。また燃料電池では高価な触媒量の低減の開発が進み、例えば白金等触媒量はカソード電極で平方センチメートル当たり0.3ミリグラム以下同じくアノードは0.05ミリグラム程度と極めて少ない量が求められている。触媒は白金あるいは白金/コバルト合金等の微粒子が通常カーボン粒子に担持される。或いはパラジウムをコアとし、白金をシェルとした白金の使用効率を向上させたコアシェル型の触媒も使用されている。白金触媒微粒子は数ナノメートルと小さいが比重は20以上もあるので、白金を担持するカーボン粒子もナノメートルのサイズの1次粒子で、電解質溶液も一般的に固形分は5乃至10%でかつトータル含有量も微量であるので上記の微量な固形分にするには塗布膜を極薄膜にする必要があった。あるいは固形分を5乃至10パーセント、更には0.5乃至3パーセントにさえする必要さえあった。その場合溶媒量が多いので、固形分の粒子径が小さくても前記のように比重が重くカーボンと電解質溶液で生じる凝集体の影響もあり沈殿させずに薄膜でコーティングするには難があった。
固形分が少なくタック性の少ない燃料電池電極は薄膜にするため2流体スプレイのエアスプレイ方式や超音波スプレイ方式が好んで採用されているがスプレイ粒子のほとんどがアルコール系溶剤や水のため付着力が悪く触媒粒子は高価なのに塗着効率は極めて悪かった。また、性能向上と低沸点有機溶剤蒸気での触媒発火のリスクを避けるため溶媒中の水の比率を50パーセント以上、更には80パーセント以上にする傾向さえあった。
また2次電池の活物質粒子や全固体電池の活物質粒子や電解質粒子更には導電助剤のカーボンなどの微粒子やカーボンナノチューブ特に単層カーボンナノチューブ(SWCNT)やカーボンナノファイバー(CNT)はフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)などのバインダーやその溶媒例えばノルマルメチルピロリドン(NMP)などからなるスラリーと混合すると沸点が高すぎて乾燥時間が極めて長時間になり電極形成装置が巨大化していた。
Thin films are becoming the mainstream for applying functional materials to objects.
Perovskite solar cells are the most promising organic solar cells, and prototypes such as applying a perovskite chemical solution to a wide area of 300 mm x 300 mm with a thin film by the inkjet method have been made. Further, in fuel cells, development is progressing to reduce the amount of expensive catalyst. For example, the amount of catalyst such as platinum is required to be 0.3 mg or less per square centimeter for the cathode electrode, and the anode is required to be extremely small, about 0.05 mg. As the catalyst, fine particles such as platinum or a platinum / cobalt alloy are usually supported on carbon particles. Alternatively, a core-shell type catalyst having palladium as a core and platinum as a shell and having improved utilization efficiency of platinum is also used. Platinum-catalyzed fine particles are as small as a few nanometers but have a specific gravity of 20 or more, so the carbon particles that carry platinum are also primary particles with a size of nanometers, and the electrolyte solution generally has a solid content of 5 to 10%. Since the total content is also very small, it was necessary to make the coating film an ultra-thin film in order to obtain the above-mentioned small amount of solid content. Or even the solids needed to be 5 to 10 percent, or even 0.5 to 3 percent. In that case, since the amount of the solvent is large, even if the particle size of the solid content is small, the specific gravity is heavy as described above, and it is difficult to coat with a thin film without precipitating due to the influence of the agglomerates generated by the carbon and the electrolyte solution. ..
Since the fuel cell electrode with low solid content and low tackiness is made into a thin film, the two-fluid spray air spray method and ultrasonic spray method are preferred, but most of the spray particles are alcohol-based solvents and water, so they have adhesive strength. Although the catalyst particles were expensive, the coating efficiency was extremely poor. There was also a tendency for the proportion of water in the solvent to be 50 percent or more, or even 80 percent or more, in order to improve performance and avoid the risk of catalyst ignition with low boiling organic solvent vapors.
In addition, active material particles of secondary batteries, active material particles of all-solid-state batteries, electrolyte particles, fine particles such as carbon as a conductive auxiliary agent, and carbon nanotubes, especially single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNTs) are fluorinated. When mixed with a binder such as vinylidene (PVDF) or a slurry composed of a solvent thereof such as normal methylpyrrolidone (NMP), the boiling point was too high, the drying time became extremely long, and the electrode forming apparatus became enormous.
 特許文献1は実装プリント基板の電子部品集積回路の結露によるショートを防止する目的で露出した金属ワイヤなどに絶縁樹脂溶液をエアレスノズルで低圧で液膜でスプレイし所望する箇所のみを被覆する方法を提案している。
一般的に実装基板の裏面の半田付け部は全面的に、基板表面のコネクターピンや放熱が必要な電子部品を除いて液膜で被覆して乾燥して乾燥皮膜を得ていた。
Patent Document 1 describes a method in which an insulating resin solution is sprayed on an exposed metal wire or the like with an airless nozzle at a low pressure with a liquid film for the purpose of preventing a short circuit due to dew condensation on an electronic component integrated circuit of a mounted printed circuit board, and only a desired portion is covered. is suggesting.
Generally, the soldered portion on the back surface of the mounting board is entirely covered with a liquid film except for the connector pins on the board surface and electronic components that require heat dissipation, and dried to obtain a dry film.
 しかしこの液膜を使用する方法は溶媒リッチの透明(クリヤー)樹脂溶液の塗布時のエアレスノズルによる低圧の液膜流量分布のばらつきを塗布直後の液体と対象物の表面張力や界面張力を利用してフローさせ、ウェットの塗布膜厚をほぼ均一にするアプリケーションである。
しかし液膜塗布に限らず2流体スプレイにおいてもオリジナルスラリーを溶媒リッチのスラリーにすると沈殿の大きな課題があるので循環回路や往復移動では所望する粘度にして沈殿のリスクを少なくし、少なくとも塗布ヘッド下流では塗布適正を向上させるため低粘度スラリーにする必要があった。
However, the method using this liquid film utilizes the surface tension and interfacial tension of the liquid and the object immediately after application to reduce the variation in the flow rate distribution of the low-pressure liquid film due to the airless nozzle when applying the solvent-rich transparent (clear) resin solution. It is an application that makes the wet coating film almost uniform.
However, not only in liquid film coating but also in two-fluid sprays, if the original slurry is made into a solvent-rich slurry, there is a big problem of precipitation. Then, it was necessary to make a low-viscosity slurry in order to improve the coating suitability.
特開昭62-154795Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-154795
 本発明は少なくともノズルから吐出時、低粘度のスラリーを所望する膜厚で必要に応じて薄膜で幾重にも積層塗布することである。また低粘度であってもスラリーの沈殿を防止しながら塗着効率を100パーセントまたは限りなく100パーセントに近づけることである。またマスクなしで所望する四角形形状にパターンコートすることも目標とする。
そのため本発明では樹脂と溶媒からなる溶液や着色した塗料或いは接着剤でなく固形粒子と溶媒と必要により樹脂または樹脂溶液を加えた沈降しにくいスラリーにし、塗布時は低粘度のスラリーにしそれを良好にハンドリングし、例えばエアレススプレイノズルから比較的低圧でスプレイ時安定した良好なスラリー液膜を形成し対象物に塗布することも目標の一つである。
しかし1000mPa・s以上例えば3000乃至5000mPa・s程度あるいはそれ以上の高粘度のスラリーを薄膜で塗布することは難しかった。しかし200mPa・s以下例えば50mPa・s程度の低粘度のスラリーは沈降しやすいが、2流体スプレイやエアレススプレイノズル等での塗布適正は良かった。
The present invention is to coat a low-viscosity slurry at a desired film thickness in multiple layers with a thin film as needed, at least when ejected from a nozzle. Further, even if the viscosity is low, the coating efficiency is brought close to 100% or as close as possible to 100% while preventing the precipitation of the slurry. It is also a goal to pattern coat the desired quadrangular shape without a mask.
Therefore, in the present invention, a slurry consisting of a resin and a solvent, a colored paint or an adhesive, but a solid particles and a solvent and, if necessary, a resin or a resin solution is added to make a slurry that does not easily settle, and when applied, a slurry having a low viscosity is used, which is good. One of the goals is to form a good slurry liquid film that is stable during spraying at a relatively low pressure from an airless spray nozzle, for example, and apply it to an object.
However, it has been difficult to apply a slurry having a high viscosity of 1000 mPa · s or more, for example, 3000 to 5000 mPa · s or more, as a thin film. However, although a slurry having a low viscosity of 200 mPa · s or less, for example, about 50 mPa · s, tends to settle, the appropriateness of application with a two-fluid spray or an airless spray nozzle was good.
 本発明は前述の課題を解決するためになされたもので、本発明の目的は高付加価値の塗布方法、燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池、2次電池の製造方法または2次電池、次世代2次電池、特に全固体電池や全固体空気電池等の製造方法または次世代2次電池を提供することである。
本発明では比較的粘度の高いオリジナルスラリーに特に塗布直前で溶媒を混合し低粘度にしてスプレイする方法を2流体スプレイや液膜スプレイ、スロットノズル方式等に応用できる。またオリジナルスラリーにガスを加えてフォーム(泡)化すると溶媒を加え低粘度にする過程で比較的凝集力の高いバインダーも瞬時に溶解しやすくできるので効果的である。
本発明で例えば全固体電池の場合、少なくとも一つのオリジナルスラリーを比較的粘度を高くし、例えば正極または負極用活物質粒子と電解質用粒子または短繊維と必要によりバインダーを加えそれぞれを独立してスラリーにしそれぞれの装置で、下流で溶媒を加えて少なくとも一つを低粘度にし、所望する順番に積層塗布することができる。薄膜にしてできるだけ多層にすると理想的な混合塗布ができるので効果的である。あるいは必要により全部の粒子等をまたは必要によりそれ等を選択して混合してスラリーにして、薄膜で積層しても良い。本発明による流路内の高速とは0.3m/s.以上で例えば1.5m/s.でも良い。また溶媒とスラリーの合流後小型のスタティックミキサーやダイナミックミキサー等での混合や分散あるいは本発明者が過去より提案している衝突混合手段などを単独または組み合わせて設置しスラリーと溶媒の混合具合を促進させると短時間で所望する混合体ができるので尚良い。本発明では比較的高粘度あるいは高固形分のスラリー等を移動させて粒子等が沈殿しにくい状態にし、塗布装置の直前或いは塗布装置内、更には塗布ヘッド下流で溶媒と混合し、低粘度にして素早く対象物に塗布することができる。そのため低固形分スラリーの弱点である沈殿の課題を解決できるので特に薄膜塗布には好適である。
本発明の方法では二流体スプレイ以外に回転霧化や気体に二酸化炭素を選択し超臨界性流体にすることで容易に微粒子化できる。前記に二流体スプレイの一種の圧縮気体を利用するメルトブローン方式やエアアシストスロットノズルを含む二流体スプレイ全般、細く細長い溝から広幅で噴霧できるスリットスプレイノズルなど少なくとも一つを選択することで粒子化して或いはスロットノズル等で塗布できるので塗布装置の下流での品質向上につながる。特にパルス的スプレイでは液圧の波形管理がしやすく液圧落ち込みを大きくできて流量変化をチェックし易いので効果的である。更に市販の流路の流量チェックや塗布重量測定装置でのデーター確認を所望するタイミングで確認することができる。そのた例えば電極の細かい部位までそれぞれの材料の塗布重量を瞬時に管理できることになるので、高性能、高品質の電極等を形成することができる。また本発明では低粘度スラリーのニードルとシート間隙間の狭いギャップへの粒子詰まりをミリ秒単位のニードルの開閉で無くするためにまた対象物との密着性を良くするために2流体スプレイ等によるパルス的スプレイが好ましい。また本発明の方法でスプレイ粒子のスピードをより速くしインパクトを付加したパルス的スプレイで最初に塗布を行い密着性を上げ、次に本発明のエアレススプレイノズルの液膜により可能な限り多層積層またはスロットノズルによる組み合わせの塗布で行うことができる。また対象物は加熱して行った方が薄膜多層で行うので溶媒の揮発が促進され対象物上の中間層の塗膜の粒子の沈降も少ないので良い。
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is a high value-added coating method, a fuel cell manufacturing method or a fuel cell, a secondary battery manufacturing method or a secondary battery, and the next generation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a secondary battery, particularly an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state air battery, or a next-generation secondary battery.
In the present invention, a method of mixing a solvent with a relatively high-viscosity original slurry to reduce the viscosity and spraying the slurry immediately before application can be applied to a two-fluid spray, a liquid film spray, a slot nozzle method, or the like. Further, adding gas to the original slurry to form a foam (foam) is effective because a binder having a relatively high cohesive force can be easily dissolved instantly in the process of adding a solvent to reduce the viscosity.
In the present invention, for example, in the case of an all-solid-state battery, at least one original slurry is made to have a relatively high viscosity, and for example, active material particles for a positive electrode or a negative electrode, particles or short fibers for an electrolyte, and a binder if necessary are added to each of them independently. In each device, a solvent can be added downstream to reduce the viscosity of at least one, and the layers can be laminated and coated in a desired order. It is effective to make a thin film and make it as multi-layered as possible because ideal mixed coating can be achieved. Alternatively, if necessary, all the particles or the like may be selected and mixed to form a slurry, which may be laminated as a thin film. The high speed in the flow path according to the present invention is 0.3 m / s. Or more, and may be, for example, 1.5 m / s. In addition, after the solvent and slurry are merged, mixing and dispersion with a small static mixer, dynamic mixer, etc., or the collision mixing means proposed by the present invention from the past is installed alone or in combination to promote the mixing condition of the slurry and the solvent. It is even better because the desired mixture can be obtained in a short time. In the present invention, a slurry having a relatively high viscosity or a high solid content is moved to make it difficult for particles or the like to settle, and the particles are mixed with a solvent immediately before the coating device, in the coating device, or downstream of the coating head to reduce the viscosity. Can be quickly applied to an object. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for thin film coating because it can solve the problem of precipitation, which is a weak point of low solid content slurry.
In the method of the present invention, in addition to the two-fluid spray, carbon dioxide can be easily atomized by rotary atomization or by selecting carbon dioxide as a gas to make a supercritical fluid. By selecting at least one such as the melt blow method that uses a kind of compressed gas of the two-fluid spray, the general two-fluid spray including the air assist slot nozzle, and the slit spray nozzle that can spray a wide width from a narrow elongated groove, it is made into particles. Alternatively, since it can be applied with a slot nozzle or the like, it leads to quality improvement downstream of the application device. In particular, the pulse-like spray is effective because it is easy to manage the waveform of the hydraulic pressure, the drop in the hydraulic pressure can be made large, and it is easy to check the change in the flow rate. Further, it is possible to check the flow rate of a commercially available flow path and check the data with a coating weight measuring device at a desired timing. For example, since the coating weight of each material can be instantly controlled up to the fine part of the electrode, it is possible to form a high-performance, high-quality electrode or the like. Further, in the present invention, in order to eliminate particle clogging in the narrow gap between the needle of the low-viscosity slurry and the sheet gap by opening and closing the needle in milliseconds, and to improve the adhesion to the object, a two-fluid spray or the like is used. A pulsed spray is preferred. Further, the speed of the spray particles is increased by the method of the present invention, and the application is first applied by a pulse-like spray with an impact to improve the adhesion, and then the liquid film of the airless spray nozzle of the present invention is used to stack as many layers as possible. It can be done by applying a combination with a slot nozzle. Further, since the object is heated in a thin film multilayer, the volatilization of the solvent is promoted and the particles of the coating film in the intermediate layer on the object are less likely to settle.
 本発明はスラリーを対象物に塗布装置で塗布する方法であって、不揮発分である少なくとも固形粒子からなる固形分と、揮発分である溶媒とを混合し高粘度のオリジナルスラリーにする工程と、該オリジナルスラリーを流路で下流へ圧送する工程と、独立した別流路で溶媒を圧送する工程と、前記オリジナルスラリーと前記溶媒を塗布装置の少なくとも塗布部である塗布ヘッド下流までの間に合流させ混合して低粘度スラリーにして前記対象物に塗布する工程とからなることを特徴とする塗布方法を提供する。 The present invention is a method of applying a slurry to an object with a coating device, and comprises a step of mixing a solid content consisting of at least solid particles which are non-volatile components and a solvent which is a volatile component to obtain a high-viscosity original slurry. The process of pumping the original slurry downstream through a flow path, the step of pumping a solvent through an independent separate flow path, and the process of pumping the original slurry and the solvent to at least the downstream of the coating head, which is the coating portion of the coating device, merge. Provided is a coating method comprising a step of mixing and mixing to form a low-viscosity slurry and coating the object.
 本発明は前記オリジナルスラリーを循環流路で循環または少なくとも2つのタンク間の流路を往復移動し沈殿を防止する工程と、前記流路と接続された自動開閉機構を備えた前記塗布ヘッドの下流までの間または前記オリジナルスラリー流路を分岐した下流で、前記オリジナルスラリーと溶媒を合流させ低粘度にする工程と、前記低粘度スラリーを対象物に塗布ヘッドで塗布することを特徴とする塗布方法を提供する。 The present invention circulates the original slurry in a circulation flow path or reciprocates in a flow path between at least two tanks to prevent precipitation, and downstream of the coating head provided with an automatic opening / closing mechanism connected to the flow path. A coating method comprising a step of merging the original slurry and a solvent to reduce the viscosity, and applying the low-viscosity slurry to an object with a coating head. I will provide a.
 本発明の前記オリジナルスラリーの不揮発分の比率は65重量パーセント以下であって、そのうち固形の粒子または粒子と短繊維の重量比率は55パーセント以下であって、バインダーは10重量パーセント以下であって、揮発分は35パーセント以上であって、前記オリジナルスラリーの粘度は3000mPa・s以下であることを特徴とする塗布方法を提供する。 The non-volatile content of the original slurry of the present invention is 65% by weight or less, of which the weight ratio of solid particles or particles to short fibers is 55% or less, and the binder is 10% by weight or less. Provided is a coating method characterized in that the volatile content is 35% or more and the viscosity of the original slurry is 3000 mPa · s or less.
 本発明の前記低粘度スラリーの粘度は200mPa・s以下であって、前記対象物は加熱してなることを特徴とする塗布方法を提供する。 Provided is a coating method characterized in that the viscosity of the low-viscosity slurry of the present invention is 200 mPa · s or less, and the object is heated.
 本発明の前記塗布装置はエアレススプレイノズル液膜塗布装置、圧縮気体アシストエアレススプレイノズル塗布装置、スリットノズル塗布装置、スロットノズル塗布装置、圧縮気体アシストスロットノズル塗布装置、2流体スプレイ塗布装置の少なくとも一つを選択し前記対象物に単層または積層塗布することを特徴とする塗布方法を提供する。 The coating device of the present invention is at least one of an airless spray nozzle liquid film coating device, a compressed gas assisted airless spray nozzle coating device, a slit nozzle coating device, a slot nozzle coating device, a compressed gas assist slot nozzle coating device, and a two-fluid spray coating device. Provided is a coating method comprising selecting one and coating the object in a single layer or in a laminated manner.
 前記オリジナルスラリーはバインダーを含み、溶媒は少なくとも2種類以上の溶媒からなり、少なくとも一つの溶媒を合流させ混合して低粘度スラリーにして塗布することを特徴とする塗布方法を提供する。 The original slurry contains a binder, and the solvent is composed of at least two kinds of solvents, and provides a coating method characterized by merging and mixing at least one solvent to form a low-viscosity slurry.
 本発明の前記塗布装置は圧縮気体アシストスロットノズル塗布装置または2流体スプレイ塗布装置であって圧縮気体の噴出流を前記オリジナルスラリーまたは低粘度スラリーに吹き付けるまでの間の圧縮気体に前記溶媒が含まれることを特徴とする塗布方法を提供する。 The coating device of the present invention is a compressed gas assist slot nozzle coating device or a two-fluid spray coating device, and the solvent is contained in the compressed gas until the ejection flow of the compressed gas is blown onto the original slurry or the low-viscosity slurry. Provided is a coating method characterized by the above.
 本発明は前記対象物が燃料電池用電解質膜、ガス拡散層、転写フィルムの中から選択し、オリジナルスラリーは白金触媒を含む固形分5乃至25重量パーセントの電極用インクであって前記対象物に前記低粘度スラリーを塗布して膜電極複合体を形成することを特徴とする燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池を提供する。 In the present invention, the object is selected from a fuel cell electrolyte membrane, a gas diffusion layer, and a transfer film, and the original slurry is an electrode ink containing a platinum catalyst and having a solid content of 5 to 25% by weight. Provided is a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, which comprises applying the low-viscosity slurry to form a membrane electrode composite.
 本発明の前記燃料電池のオリジナルスラリーは50重量パーセント以上の水を含み、前記低粘度用スラリーの溶媒は75%以上のアルコール系溶媒であることを特徴とする燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池を提供する。 A method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, wherein the original slurry of the fuel cell of the present invention contains 50% by weight or more of water, and the solvent of the low viscosity slurry is 75% or more of an alcohol solvent. offer.
 本発明の前記塗布ヘッドの少なくとも一つがスプレイノズルまたは微粒子発生装置であって、かつ積層し、電解質膜からガス拡散層に向かって電極の密度が段階的または連続的に傾斜していることを特徴とする燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池を提供する。 At least one of the coating heads of the present invention is a spray nozzle or a fine particle generator, and is characterized in that it is laminated and the density of the electrodes is gradually or continuously inclined from the electrolyte membrane toward the gas diffusion layer. Provided is a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell.
 本発明の前記電極には電解質固形分が含まれ、前記電極インクには電解質溶液が含まれ、電解質溶液固形分の比率が異なる電極インクと独立した塗布装置を用意し、または独立した電解質溶液塗布装置を設け、電解質膜に近い電極の電解質比率がガス拡散層に近い電極の電解質比率より多くすることを特徴とする燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池を提供する。 The electrode of the present invention contains an electrolyte solid content, the electrode ink contains an electrolyte solution, and a coating device independent of the electrode ink having a different ratio of the electrolyte solution solid content is prepared, or an independent electrolyte solution coating is performed. An apparatus is provided to provide a method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell, wherein the electrolyte ratio of the electrode close to the electrolyte membrane is larger than the electrolyte ratio of the electrode close to the gas diffusion layer.
 本発明の前記対象物が2次電池用集電体であってスラリーが2次電池電極用スラリーであって、2次電池の電極を形成することを特徴とする2次電池の製造方法または2次電池を提供する。 A method for manufacturing a secondary battery, characterized in that the object of the present invention is a collector for a secondary battery and the slurry is a slurry for a secondary battery electrode to form an electrode of the secondary battery, The next battery is provided.
 前記前記対象物が集電体であって2次電池用電極を形成するにあたり、集電体界面から遠くなるに従い電極密度を段階的または連続的に変化させ電極密度が傾斜していることを特徴とする2次電池の製造方法または2次電池を提供する。 When the object is a current collector and forms an electrode for a secondary battery, the electrode density is changed stepwise or continuously as the distance from the current collector interface increases, and the electrode density is inclined. A method for manufacturing a secondary battery or a secondary battery is provided.
 本発明は前記対象物を集電体、電極層、固体電解質層から選択し、スラリーが電極用スラリーまたは固体電解質スラリーであることを特徴とする全固体電池の製造方法または全固体電池を提供する。 The present invention provides an all-solid-state battery manufacturing method or an all-solid-state battery, wherein the object is selected from a current collector, an electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer, and the slurry is an electrode slurry or a solid electrolyte slurry. ..
 本発明は前記対象物が集電体、電極層、電解質層から少なくとも一つを選択し全固体電池の電極を形成するにあたり、少なくとも一つの活物質粒子からなるスラリーと、少なくとも一つの電解質粒子からなるスラリーを用意する工程と、それぞれ少なくとも一つの塗布ヘッドを選択し混合積層塗布する工程と、集電体から遠ざかるに従い、段階的または連続的に活物質粒子と電解質粒子の単位面積当たりまたは単位体積当たりの比率を変化させ段階的または連続的に比率が傾斜することを特徴とする全固体電池の製造方法または全固体電池を提供する。 In the present invention, when the object selects at least one from a current collector, an electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer to form an electrode of an all-solid-state battery, a slurry composed of at least one active material particle and at least one electrolyte particle are used. The step of preparing the slurry, the step of selecting at least one coating head for each, and the step of mixing and laminating the coating, and the stepwise or continuously as the distance from the current collector increases, the active material particles and the electrolyte particles are gradually or continuously per unit area or unit volume. Provided is a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state battery, characterized in that the ratio of hits is changed and the ratio is gradually or continuously inclined.
 本発明では粒子や短繊維の数量、形状、種類、比重を問わない。またスラリーは一つでも複数でも良く、また塗布装置もスラリーが一つの場合は一つで良く複数でも良い。またスラリーやバインダー溶液あるいは電解質溶液など複数を独立して積層塗布する場合、塗布装置は複数になる。更にスプレイや本発明で表示していない例えば超音波スプレイや衝突微粒化等の粒子発生装置等による傾斜の密度変化は末広がりのスプレイ流の対象物との距離やパルス的スプレイサイクル、更には圧縮気体圧力を例えば0.05 乃至0.7MPa程度の範囲に調整することで容易に調整できる。また活物質粒子と電解質粒子の比率の変更も液圧や圧送する容積、更にはパルス的スプレイのパルスサイクル等を変えることで容易に調整でき傾斜塗布できる。また対象物の最初の層やそれに近い層をメソポアやマイクロポアを発生させやすい場合パルス的スプレイと距離の手動または自動調整することで調整が容易である。 In the present invention, the quantity, shape, type, and specific gravity of particles and staple fibers do not matter. Further, the number of slurries may be one or more, and when the number of slurries is one, the number of coating devices may be one or more. Further, when a plurality of slurry, binder solution, electrolyte solution, etc. are independently laminated and coated, a plurality of coating devices are used. Furthermore, the density change of the inclination due to the spray or the particle generator such as ultrasonic spray or collision atomization, which is not displayed in the present invention, is the distance to the object of the divergent spray flow, the pulse-like spray cycle, and the compressed gas. The pressure can be easily adjusted by adjusting the pressure in the range of, for example, about 0.05 to 0.7 MPa. Further, the ratio of the active material particles to the electrolyte particles can be easily adjusted by changing the hydraulic pressure, the volume to be pumped, the pulse cycle of the pulse-like spray, and the like, and the gradient coating can be performed. If the first layer of the object or a layer close to it is likely to generate mesopores or micropores, it can be easily adjusted by manually or automatically adjusting the distance with a pulsed spray.
 また本発明ではバインダーや溶媒の種類を問わない。燃料電池のアイオノマーなどの電解質溶液や2次電池の正極のフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)や負極のスチレンブタジエンラバー(SBR)等のバインダー以外に例えば高沸点の増粘剤として用いられるグリセリン等を用いることができる。グリセリンは2プロパノールなどのアルコール系の低沸点溶媒で共沸効果が期待できる。また燃料電池溶媒のオリジナルインクの溶媒の50パーセント以上を水にすることができる。各国の消防法に対応して例えば80パーセント以上を水にすることができる。そして本発明では電極インクを塗布する排気環境が整ったブース内の塗布ヘッド等の下流までの間にアルコール系の有機溶剤を付加し電極インクを低粘度にして塗布することができる。もちろん水を付加したアルコール系溶媒でも良い。対象物である電解質膜を加熱例えば本発明者が過去から提唱する塗布面の反対側を加熱吸着すれば数秒以内の瞬時に前記有機溶剤やオリジナルスラリーに含まれる水分までも共沸現象で95パーセント以上を短時間で揮発させることができる。更に圧縮気体アシストや2流体スプレイなどは更に乾燥を促進できる。本発明では対象物やスラリーの加熱や真空下で施与または真空下に移動することによりそれらを促進させることができる。 Further, in the present invention, the type of binder or solvent does not matter. In addition to electrolyte solutions such as ionomers for fuel cells and binders such as vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for the positive electrode of secondary batteries and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for the negative electrode, for example, glycerin used as a thickener with a high boiling point should be used. Can be done. Glycerin can be expected to have an azeotropic effect with an alcohol-based low boiling point solvent such as 2-propanol. In addition, 50% or more of the solvent of the original ink of the fuel cell solvent can be water. For example, 80% or more can be made into water according to the fire service law of each country. In the present invention, an alcohol-based organic solvent can be added to the downstream side of the coating head or the like in the booth where the exhaust environment for applying the electrode ink is prepared to reduce the viscosity of the electrode ink and apply the electrode ink. Of course, an alcohol solvent to which water is added may be used. Heating the electrolyte membrane, which is the object, for example, if the opposite side of the coated surface proposed by the present inventor is heated and adsorbed, even the water contained in the organic solvent or the original slurry can be instantly adsorbed within a few seconds by an azeotropic phenomenon of 95%. The above can be volatilized in a short time. Furthermore, compressed gas assist and two-fluid spray can further promote drying. In the present invention, objects and slurries can be promoted by heating, applying under vacuum, or moving under vacuum.
 更に本発明では2次電池の種類を問わない。リチウムイオン2次電池で良い。ナトリウムイオン2次電池でも良い。 Further, in the present invention, the type of the secondary battery does not matter. A lithium ion secondary battery may be used. A sodium ion secondary battery may be used.
 また本発明の2次電池は次世代2次電池の全固体電池で良く、更には全固体空気電池で良い。 Further, the secondary battery of the present invention may be an all-solid-state battery of the next-generation secondary battery, and may be an all-solid-state air battery.
 また本発明では固体電解質粒子である硫化物系、酸化物系の種類を問わず、正極用または負極用活物質粒子の種類、形状を問わない。 Further, in the present invention, the type and shape of the active material particles for the positive electrode or the negative electrode are not limited regardless of the type of the sulfide-based or oxide-based solid electrolyte particles.
 本発明では燃料電池の数ナノメートルの白金粒子等の触媒やコアシェル触媒粒子を担持するカーボンや多孔質カーボンはその表面のメソポアやマクロポアの中にも白金を担持し、理想的なオリジナル電極インクを塗布寸前まで維持できる。そのため電極インクの製造では経時的にアイオノマーの接触による被毒を少なくする構造にすることができる。本発明者により発明されたパルス的スプレイや、更にパルス的スプレイ流にスピードを付加してインパクトパルス法で薄膜で積層した電極にマイクロポア、メソポア、マクロポアを好適に形成でき界面の表面積を広くして抵抗を少なくし、特にカソードでは水の排出をスムーズにできる。更にインパクトパルス法では塗着効率を95パーセント以上まで高められるため高性能と高価な白金触媒の低減につながっていた。
しかしこの方法では生産性の課題と例えば長四角等のシャープなパターン形成に難があったが本発明では、マスクを不要とするエアレス液膜塗布装置、スロットノズル塗布装置等などと2流体によるインパクトパルスのそれぞれの長所だけを組み合わせて所望するパターン形成の薄膜積層もできるので課題を解決できることになる。
本発明によればこれらの課題をすべて解決できることになる。
In the present invention, the carbon or porous carbon that supports catalysts such as platinum particles of several nanometers in fuel cells and core-shell catalyst particles also support platinum in the mesopores and macropores on the surface, making ideal original electrode inks. Can be maintained until just before application. Therefore, in the production of electrode ink, it is possible to have a structure that reduces poisoning due to contact with ionomers over time. Micropores, mesopores, and macropores can be suitably formed on the pulse-like spray invented by the present inventor and the electrodes laminated with a thin film by the impact pulse method by adding speed to the pulse-like spray flow, and the surface area of the interface is widened. This reduces resistance and allows smooth drainage of water, especially at the cathode. Furthermore, the impact pulse method can increase the coating efficiency to 95% or more, which leads to high performance and reduction of expensive platinum catalyst.
However, this method has a problem of productivity and difficulty in forming a sharp pattern such as a long square. However, in the present invention, an airless liquid film coating device that does not require a mask, a slot nozzle coating device, etc. and an impact due to two fluids are used. It is possible to combine only the advantages of each pulse to form a thin film for forming a desired pattern, so that the problem can be solved.
According to the present invention, all of these problems can be solved.
 本発明では自動開閉バルブを備えた塗布ヘッドの下流の低粘度スラリーの流路である例えばノズル内等のキャビティーを極限まで少なくすることができる。そのため低粘度スラリーの沈殿防止を例えば水リッチの溶媒の場合は例えば超音波等の振動等で防止できる。また作業停止時は溶媒で低粘度スラリーを排出できる。 In the present invention, the number of cavities in the nozzle, for example, which is the flow path of the low-viscosity slurry downstream of the coating head equipped with the automatic opening / closing valve, can be reduced to the utmost limit. Therefore, the precipitation of the low-viscosity slurry can be prevented, for example, by vibration of ultrasonic waves or the like in the case of a water-rich solvent. In addition, when the work is stopped, the low-viscosity slurry can be discharged with a solvent.
 本発明では複数種の固形粒子や短繊維等を混合して使用する例えば2次電池電極形成の場合、それらを一つのスラリーにして混合して集電体に塗布できる。また選択した粒子等を混合して複数のスラリーにして複数の塗布装置で交互に或いは所望する順番で積層できる。更には全ての固形粒子や単繊維ごとのスラリーにして所望する順番であるいは順不同で必要により薄膜で多層に混合しながら積層塗布できる。
この方法は2次電池に限らずLEDの蛍光体塗布や医薬品、食品、肥料などの分野多岐に応用できる。
また当然のことながら本発明は前記対象物を集電体、電極層、固体電解質層から選択し、電極用活物質や導電助剤、固体電解質粒子からなる混合した、またはそれぞれの電極用スラリーを塗布した全固体電池分野にも応用できる。
例えば2次電池の正極の製造方法によれば例えば三元系(NCM)の活物質と導電助材とバインダーのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とPVDFの親溶媒であるノルマルメチルピロリドン(NMP)とを混合してスラリーにして集電体のアルミニューム箔に塗布できるが、特に固形粒子の活物質が大きい場合、固形粒子の沈殿を少なくするため固形分を多くしと粘度を高くする必要があった。そのため特に正極では固形分を高くし粘度も高くしてスロットノズルなどで厚膜にすることが試みられていたが高固形分でも厚膜にすると乾燥時クラックが発生していた。本発明では溶媒の揮発を促進するため低粘度にする溶媒を沸点の低いPVDF等の貧溶媒のノルマルヘプタン等を加えて低粘度にすることができる。そうすることで可能な限り薄膜にして、また可能な限り対象物を加熱して溶媒をすばやく揮発させ薄膜積層にすることができる。
この方法は2流体スプレイにより貧溶媒と新溶媒を圧縮気体で潰しあいながら混合できるので好適である。
しかし粘度を例えば200mPa・s以下と低くすると例えば平均粒子径が大きい正極のスラリーの固形粒子は沈殿していた。本発明ではそのため塗布ヘッド付近までは高粘度にして循環流路等を移動して沈殿を防止しノズル内または下流でさえまたはその上流で溶媒を付加して粘度を下げることができる。更に本発明者が発明した特開昭63-104679を流路内で応用することで流路をシンプルに小型化できるので装置をコンパクトにできる。
低粘度にした箇所以降では可能な限り流路の体積を小さくして粘度を下げて例えばスプレイすると良い。
In the present invention, for example, in the case of forming a secondary battery electrode in which a plurality of types of solid particles, staple fibers and the like are mixed and used, they can be made into one slurry, mixed and applied to a current collector. Further, the selected particles and the like can be mixed to form a plurality of slurries, which can be alternately laminated by a plurality of coating devices or in a desired order. Further, all solid particles or slurries for each single fiber can be laminated and coated in a desired order or in any order while being mixed in multiple layers with a thin film if necessary.
This method can be applied not only to secondary batteries but also to various fields such as LED phosphor coating, pharmaceuticals, foods, and fertilizers.
As a matter of course, in the present invention, the object is selected from a current collector, an electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer, and a mixture of an active material for an electrode, a conductive auxiliary agent, and solid electrolyte particles, or a slurry for each electrode is used. It can also be applied to the field of coated all-solid-state batteries.
For example, according to the method for manufacturing a positive electrode of a secondary battery, for example, a ternary (NCM) active material, a conductive auxiliary material, a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and a parent solvent of PVDF, normal methylpyrrolidone (NMP), are used. It can be mixed to form a slurry and applied to the aluminum foil of the current collector, but especially when the active material of the solid particles is large, it is necessary to increase the solid content and increase the viscosity in order to reduce the precipitation of the solid particles. .. Therefore, especially in the positive electrode, attempts have been made to increase the solid content and the viscosity to make a thick film with a slot nozzle or the like, but even if the solid content is high, cracks occur during drying when the thick film is used. In the present invention, in order to promote the volatilization of the solvent, the solvent having a low viscosity can be made low in viscosity by adding a poor solvent such as PVDF having a low boiling point such as normal heptane. By doing so, the thin film can be made as thin as possible, and the object can be heated as much as possible to quickly volatilize the solvent to form a thin film laminate.
This method is suitable because the poor solvent and the new solvent can be mixed while being crushed with a compressed gas by a two-fluid spray.
However, when the viscosity was lowered to 200 mPa · s or less, for example, the solid particles of the slurry of the positive electrode having a large average particle diameter were precipitated. Therefore, in the present invention, the viscosity can be increased up to the vicinity of the coating head to move in the circulation flow path or the like to prevent precipitation, and a solvent can be added in the nozzle or even downstream or upstream thereof to reduce the viscosity. Further, by applying JP-A-63-104679 invented by the present inventor in the flow path, the flow path can be simply miniaturized, so that the device can be made compact.
After the place where the viscosity is made low, it is advisable to reduce the volume of the flow path as much as possible to reduce the viscosity, for example, spraying.
 また本発明では前記2次電池の電極形成の代わりに、全固体電池の電解質粒子を付加した電極形成や、電解質層形成でも同じように前記対象物を集電体、電極層、固体電解質層から選択し、固体電解質用活物質や導電助剤、固体電解質粒子からなる電極用スラリーを塗布した全固体電池分野にも応用できる。勿論のこと活物質、導電助剤、固体電解質粒子は独立したスラリーにして必要により薄膜で所望する順番で積層塗布できるし、必要によりそれらを一つの塗布ヘッド内で衝突混合などして塗布することもできる。
尚本発明全体に言えることであるが溶媒との混合以降の低粘度領域のノズルを含む部位は、ライン停止時に溶媒で低粘度のスラリーを押し出し稼働直前に低粘度スラリーに置換することができる。
Further, in the present invention, instead of forming the electrode of the secondary battery, the object is similarly formed from the collector, the electrode layer, and the solid electrolyte layer in the electrode formation to which the electrolyte particles of the all-solid-state battery are added and the formation of the electrolyte layer. It can also be selected and applied to the field of all-solid-state batteries coated with an electrode slurry composed of an active material for a solid electrolyte, a conductive auxiliary agent, and solid electrolyte particles. Of course, the active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the solid electrolyte particles can be laminated and coated in a desired order as a thin film as an independent slurry, and if necessary, they can be coated by collision mixing in one coating head. You can also.
As can be said for the entire invention, the portion including the nozzle in the low viscosity region after mixing with the solvent can be replaced with the low viscosity slurry immediately before the operation by extruding the low viscosity slurry with the solvent when the line is stopped.
 更に本発明では例えば活物質粒子などの単種あるいは複数種の粒子や導電助剤の単層カーボンナノチューブ(SWCNT)やカーボンナノファイバー(CNF)、グラフェンなどの短繊維や微粒子カーボンを混合した単一スラリーで積層塗布することもできるが、それに限定するものでなく種類の異なる複数のスラリーや複数の導電助剤のディスパージョンなどを作成しそれに対応した複数の塗布装置を使用して所望する分布の電極形成ができる。本発明では活物質からなるスラリーは例えば液膜塗布やスロットノズル塗布本発明の方法で主に行い、微量な導電助剤などのディスパージョンやスラリー等は元来低粘度で単体での沈殿のリスクも少ないのでその状態で2流体スプレイ特にインパクトを持ったパルス的スプレイが行える。更に超音波スプレイや超微粒発生装置による塗布更にはそれらの微粒子を静電気的に帯電して塗布しても良い。 Further, in the present invention, for example, single or multiple kinds of particles such as active material particles, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) as conductive aids, short fibers such as graphene, and a single mixture of fine particle carbon are mixed. It is also possible to laminate and coat with slurry, but it is not limited to this, and multiple slurry of different types, dispersions of multiple conductive auxiliaries, etc. are created, and a plurality of coating devices corresponding to the dispersions are used to obtain the desired distribution. Electrodes can be formed. In the present invention, the slurry made of the active material is mainly applied by the method of the present invention, for example, liquid film coating or slot nozzle coating. Since there are few, two-fluid spray can be performed in that state, especially pulse-like spray with impact. Further, coating by an ultrasonic spray or an ultrafine particle generator, and further, these fine particles may be electrostatically charged and coated.
 また特に導電助剤のSWCNTやCNF等の短繊維は電極の膜の厚み方向に短繊維が植毛のように立たせる(垂直方向に立たせて垂直方向の電子などの移動をサポートする)ことが効果的なので、導電助剤に関しては、2流体スプレイ特にパルス的スプレイ方法などを応用して、単独のスラリーまたはディスパージョンにして例えば植毛のように静電気を利用して、或いはエレクトロスピニングなどの装置を使用して目的を達成できる。電極膜の横方向の展開にはグラフェン単独或いはSWCNT等の組み合わせが効果的である。特に本発明者が提唱する独立した種類の異なるスラリーやディスパージョン等を独立した装置で薄膜あるいは微量に交互に幾重にも積層することが肝要である。 In particular, for short fibers such as SWCNT and CNF, which are conductive aids, it is effective that the short fibers stand like flocking in the thickness direction of the electrode film (stand vertically to support the movement of electrons in the vertical direction). Therefore, regarding conductive auxiliaries, two-fluid sprays, especially pulsed spray methods, are applied to make a single slurry or dispersion using static electricity such as flocking, or using a device such as electrospinning. And the purpose can be achieved. Graphene alone or a combination of SWCNTs and the like is effective for lateral deployment of the electrode film. In particular, it is important to stack independent different types of slurries, dispersions, etc. proposed by the present inventor in thin films or in trace amounts alternately in multiple layers with an independent device.
 さらに、本発明では複数のスラリーの場合、低粘度にした場合沈殿しやすいスラリーのみを本発明を適用したらよく、沈殿しにくい前記単独のSWCNTなどのディスパージョンは本発明による流路内での溶媒で希釈しても良く希釈しなくても良い。 Further, in the present invention, in the case of a plurality of slurrys, it is sufficient to apply the present invention only to the slurry that easily precipitates when the viscosity is low, and the dispersion such as the single SWCNT that is difficult to precipitate is the solvent in the flow path according to the present invention. It may or may not be diluted with.
 また本発明では対象物を加熱することができる。加熱温度はバインダーの粘度を急激に低下させ、溶媒を蒸発させることができるので30乃至200℃、更に好まくは薄膜塗布で溶媒を突沸させずに蒸発するには50乃至150℃が好ましい。更に対象物を吸着できる例えば加熱吸着ドラム等は気体の断熱層が無く加熱できるので、溶媒の気化熱による温度低下も防止でき溶媒の蒸発を促進できる。溶媒を95%以上蒸発させるまでの時間は5秒以内が良く、より理想的には2秒以内である。 Further, in the present invention, the object can be heated. The heating temperature is preferably 30 to 200 ° C. because the viscosity of the binder is rapidly lowered and the solvent can be evaporated, and more preferably 50 to 150 ° C. for evaporation without bumping the solvent by thin film coating. Further, for example, a heated adsorption drum that can adsorb an object can be heated without a heat insulating layer of gas, so that it is possible to prevent a temperature drop due to the heat of vaporization of the solvent and promote evaporation of the solvent. The time required to evaporate the solvent by 95% or more is preferably within 5 seconds, more ideally within 2 seconds.
 本発明では対象物に塗布する際、液膜で行う場合20ミリメートル以内、更には12ミリメートル程度以内に近づけることにより、液膜が保証される。ノズルと対象物の距離を近づけると液膜の幅も狭くなりストライプの幅も狭くなることになる。 In the present invention, when the liquid film is applied to an object, the liquid film is guaranteed by bringing the liquid film closer to 20 mm or less, and further to about 12 mm or less. When the distance between the nozzle and the object is reduced, the width of the liquid film becomes narrower and the width of the stripe becomes narrower.
 上記のように本発明によれば性能の高い塗布方法、燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池、2次電池の製造方法または2次電池、全固体電池の製造方法または全固体電池を提供できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-performance coating method, a fuel cell manufacturing method or a fuel cell, a secondary battery manufacturing method or a secondary battery, an all-solid-state battery manufacturing method or an all-solid-state battery.
本発明の実施の形態に係る循環しているオリジナルスラリー流路が分岐されその下流の塗布ヘッドの片方につながり逆の方から溶媒流路が塗布ヘッドにつながる略断面図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which the circulating original slurry flow path according to the embodiment of the present invention is branched and connected to one of the coating heads downstream thereof, and the solvent flow path is connected to the coating head from the opposite side. 本発明の実施の形態に係るオリジナル循環回路から分岐した流路の下流の自動開閉バルブと溶媒の循環回路を分岐した流路の下流の自動開閉バルブからのオリジナルスラリーと溶媒が合流しさらに下流に進む略断面図である。The original slurry and the solvent from the automatic opening / closing valve downstream of the flow path branched from the original circulation circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention and the automatic opening / closing valve downstream of the flow path branched from the solvent circulation circuit merge and further downstream. It is a schematic cross-sectional view to proceed. 二つの容器間の流路を分岐し容器間を往復移動する分岐されたオリジナルスラリーとプレッシャータンクの溶媒を合流させた略断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view which branched the flow path between two containers and merged the branched original slurry which moves back and forth between containers, and the solvent of a pressure tank. 図4aは、スロットノズルの略断面図である。 図4bは、 図4aのスロットノズルの下部の略図である。分布が経時的にフローした膜の略断面図である。 図4cは、 スロットノズル用シムの略図である。FIG. 4a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slot nozzle. FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the lower part of the slot nozzle of FIG. 4a. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the membrane which the distribution flowed with time. FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of a shim for a slot nozzle. 圧縮気体アシストスロットノズルの略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the compressed gas assist slot nozzle. マイクロカーテン(エアレスノズルによる液膜)部の略断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the micro curtain (liquid film by an airless nozzle) part.
 以下図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施形態について説明する。なお、以下の実施形態は発明の理解を容易にするための一例にすぎない。 A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the invention.
 図面は本発明の好適な実施の形態を概略的に示している。 The drawings schematically show a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
 図1においてタンク2に貯蔵されたオリジナルスラリー1は配管4を経由してポンプ5に吸引され、ヒーター6、フィルター7、スラリー液圧調圧レギュレーター8、配管(ホース)9、10を経由して循環バルブ110を更に経由してポンプに再度吸引される。更に配管9と10間は分岐され配管100を経由して塗布ヘッド101に移動する。配管100は塗布ヘッド101内流路でも良い。一方加圧タンク106内の溶媒は配管103を経由して塗布ヘッド101に移動しオリジナルスラリーと合流し混合されてノズル102からと吐出またはスプレイされる。タンク2内のオリジナルスラリーは撹拌装置3で撹拌できるし、循環ポンプで吸引したオリジナルスラリーは循環回路を経由し塗布ヘッド101で消費されない分は再びポンプに吸引され、塗布ヘッドで消費された分のみのオリジナルスラリーのみがタンク2より供給される。特にポンプ5がエアピストンポンプなどのバランスフィールド式ポンプの場合その動作が瞬間的に行われる。
尚上記配管はフレキシブルなパイプやホースでよくブロック内等に加工された流路でも良い。
In FIG. 1, the original slurry 1 stored in the tank 2 is sucked into the pump 5 via the pipe 4, and is sucked into the pump 5 via the heater 6, the filter 7, the slurry hydraulic pressure regulating regulator 8, the pipe (hose) 9, and 10. It is sucked into the pump again via the circulation valve 110. Further, the pipes 9 and 10 are branched and moved to the coating head 101 via the pipe 100. The pipe 100 may be a flow path inside the coating head 101. On the other hand, the solvent in the pressure tank 106 moves to the coating head 101 via the pipe 103, merges with the original slurry, is mixed, and is discharged or sprayed from the nozzle 102. The original slurry in the tank 2 can be agitated by the stirring device 3, and the original slurry sucked by the circulation pump is sucked into the pump again for the portion not consumed by the coating head 101 via the circulation circuit, and only the portion consumed by the coating head. Only the original slurry of is supplied from the tank 2. In particular, when the pump 5 is a balanced field type pump such as an air piston pump, the operation is instantaneously performed.
The above pipe may be a flexible pipe or hose, and may be a flow path processed in a block or the like.
  図2においてオリジナルスラリーの循環回路で液体温度を加温しない場合はヒーターを付属する必要がない。タンク22のオリジナルスラリー21は配管24を経由してポンプ25に吸引され圧送され、液圧レギュレーター28を経由し更に配管20、29循環バルブ(循環流路)210を経由し再びポンプ25に吸引され循環回路を形成する。循環回路の配管29と20の間で分岐された流路200、スラリー自動開閉バルブ201の下流の流路でオリジナルスラリーは溶媒流路から移動する溶媒と合流し、例えば衝突混合して隘路215を経由してノズルから吐出される。ノズルが2流体スプレイノズル、エアレススプレイノズル等の場合スプレイや液膜で対象物に塗布できるし、スロットノズルの場合は電極幅に合わせたストライプコートや全面コートあるいは所望するパターンコート等が選択できる。溶媒の供給はプレッシャータンクでも良いが大量に必要な場合はタンク206の溶媒205は配管221を経由してポンプ220で吸引され液圧レギュレーター223で調圧され配管224を通ってタンク206に戻し循環させる。
循環の目的は循環回路内等に図示しないフィルターを設け異物を除去できる。オリジナルスラリー回路にも同じく図示しないフィルターを設置することができる。溶媒は循環回路を分岐した配管225、自動開閉バルブ212、流路214を経由してオリジナルスラリーと例えば衝突混合などさせ合流させて更に下流に移動する。オリジナルスラリーも溶媒も合流衝突時同じ圧力にするように液圧レギュレーターは調整した方が望ましいし、オリジナルスラリーと溶媒は例えば電動容積ポンプで所望する比率で強制的に押し出し合流させることができる。
In Fig. 2, if the liquid temperature is not heated by the circulation circuit of the original slurry, it is not necessary to attach a heater. The original slurry 21 of the tank 22 is sucked and pumped to the pump 25 via the pipe 24, and further sucked to the pump 25 via the pipes 20 and 29 circulation valves (circulation flow paths) 210 via the hydraulic regulator 28. Form a circulation circuit. The original slurry merges with the solvent moving from the solvent flow path in the flow path 200 branched between the pipes 29 and 20 of the circulation circuit and the flow path downstream of the slurry automatic opening / closing valve 201, and collides and mixes, for example, to form a bottleneck 215. It is discharged from the nozzle via. When the nozzle is a two-fluid spray nozzle, airless spray nozzle, etc., it can be applied to the object with a spray or liquid film, and in the case of a slot nozzle, a stripe coat, a full surface coat, or a desired pattern coat can be selected according to the electrode width. The solvent may be supplied in a pressure tank, but if a large amount is required, the solvent 205 in the tank 206 is sucked by the pump 220 via the pipe 221 and adjusted by the hydraulic pressure regulator 223 and returned to the tank 206 through the pipe 224 and circulated. Let me.
The purpose of circulation is to provide a filter (not shown) in the circulation circuit or the like to remove foreign matter. Similarly, a filter (not shown) can be installed in the original slurry circuit. The solvent moves further downstream by being merged with the original slurry, for example, by collision mixing, via the pipe 225 branched from the circulation circuit, the automatic opening / closing valve 212, and the flow path 214. It is desirable to adjust the hydraulic pressure regulator so that both the original slurry and the solvent have the same pressure at the time of the merging collision, and the original slurry and the solvent can be forcibly extruded and merged at a desired ratio by, for example, an electric volumetric pump.
 図3は二つの容器32、33のオリジナルスラリー31,31‘は配管350、351を経由して容器間を往復移動する。配管350と351間は分岐され流路352はスラリー自動開閉バルブ311を経由して流路313につながり溶剤供給の自動開閉バルブ312経由の流路314と合流する。合流は流路を隘路にして隘路同士での正面衝突混合が望ましい。またノズル302の出口口径や流路315の内径や断面積より流路(隘路)313,314の内径や断面積が小であると衝突エネルギーが高くなり、小型でありながら思想的な混合ができる。もちろんのこと流路315の代わりに小型のスタティックミキサー等の混合装置を設置して混合できる。
溶剤の加圧やオリジナルスラリーの加圧はタンクを加圧タンクにして加圧は圧縮気体による加圧で良い。安価なコンプレッサーエアをレギュレーター364,365,307で調圧することで安価なシステムとして使用することができる。
上記2つのタンクの往復移動は、2つの容器の内1つは加圧容タンクにし、片方の容器は解放容器にしてオリジナルスラリーを解放容器へ移動し解放容器のスラリーをポンプで圧力容器に移送して循環回路を形成することができる。
ポンプはギヤ―ポンプ、トロコイドポンプ、プランジャーポンプ、ダイヤフラムポンプ、スネークポンプなど特に限定するものでなく安価で小型のものが良い。
加圧タンクの圧力より高い圧力でポンプから出力するだけで良いのでタンクの上部に駆動部を設置し下部はタンク内に設置しても良い。そのため液漏れしたらタンクに流すだけの構造で良いので脈動しても問題ないので例えばエア駆動の安価なプランジャーポンプ更にはシングルピストンポンプで良い。
In FIG. 3, the original slurries 31 and 31'of the two containers 32 and 33 reciprocate between the containers via the pipes 350 and 351. The pipe 350 and 351 are branched, and the flow path 352 is connected to the flow path 313 via the slurry automatic opening / closing valve 311 and joins the flow path 314 via the solvent supply automatic opening / closing valve 312. For merging, it is desirable to make the flow path a bottleneck and head-on collision mixing between the bottleneck. Further, if the inner diameter and cross section of the flow paths (bore) 313 and 314 are smaller than the outlet diameter of the nozzle 302 and the inner diameter and cross section of the flow path 315, the collision energy becomes higher, and the collision energy can be increased even though the size is small. .. Of course, instead of the flow path 315, a mixing device such as a small static mixer can be installed to mix.
For pressurization of solvent or pressurization of original slurry, the tank may be a pressurized tank, and pressurization may be performed by compressed gas. By adjusting the pressure of inexpensive compressor air with regulators 364,365,307, it can be used as an inexpensive system.
For the reciprocating movement of the above two tanks, one of the two containers is a pressurized tank, one container is a release container, the original slurry is moved to the release container, and the slurry of the release container is transferred to the pressure vessel by a pump. Can form a circulation circuit.
The pump is not particularly limited to a gear pump, a trochoid pump, a plunger pump, a diaphragm pump, a snake pump, etc., and an inexpensive and small pump is preferable.
Since it is only necessary to output from the pump at a pressure higher than the pressure of the pressurized tank, the drive unit may be installed at the upper part of the tank and the lower part may be installed inside the tank. Therefore, if a liquid leaks, the structure may be such that it only flows into the tank, so there is no problem even if it pulsates. For example, an inexpensive air-driven plunger pump or a single piston pump may be used.
 図4はスロットノズルの略断面図である。オリジナルスラリーは循環回路や2つのタンク間を移動する配管43、44に接続されたスラリー自動開閉バルブ42を経由して流路45、46でスロットノズル内部に侵入する。スロットノズルは通常上側ブロック48と下側ブロック49とそれらの間にパターン幅と流路を形成するシム410が設置されオリジナルスラリーの流路となる。スロットノズル塗布幅は通常10乃至2500mm程度に選択でき、スロットノズルは塗布幅方向の長さの所望する長さのシム開口部に両端未塗布部のシムを上下のブロックで挟み込んで製作される。もちろんのこと一般のTダイのごとくブロック接液部を末広がりに加工して塗布幅の開口部を形成して製作することもできる。例えば1200mm幅のRoll to Rollで高速例えば60m/分のスピードで搬送されるフィルム基材などの対象物でも問題なく連続塗布は勿論のこと前記自動開閉バルブをサックバック式にすることで高速で間欠パターンコートを行うこともできる。
流路46の延長上にある液体溜溝47は塗布幅方向全部をカバーする長さに加工される。通常液体溜溝47に通じる流路46は前記液体溜溝47の中央部付近に加工されスロットノズルの幅方向の圧力分布をシム410厚みで均一にする。そのため例えば長さが1000mmの幅の液体溜溝で1000mm幅の塗布を行う場合は問題ないが、例えば500mmの長さに兼用塗布するときは両サイドの250mm程度分づつ溜溝部に比較的柔らかい耐薬品性の例えばフッ素系棒等の詰め物を行いエア溜りを無くすることで高速の間欠パターン塗布ができる。またスラリーの沈殿が上記溜溝部に発生すると致命的な分布不良が懸念されるためそのようなスラリーを使用する場合は溜溝部の両端に前記流路46等を設け吐出が行われるときは溝部のオリジナルスラリーが確実に移動できるようにすることでオリジナルスラリーの移動しにくい部分での沈殿を防止できる。
更にスロットノズルのシムによるオリジナルスラリー流路の下流で溶媒を合流する溜溝407を設けオリジナルスラリーと溶媒とを合流させ混合し低粘度にして塗布できる。
塗布が停止時には前記溶媒溜溝下流は低粘度スラリーを排出
することにより沈殿のリスクを無視できる。溶媒は通常溶媒が加圧された配管401、溶媒自動開閉バルブ402、流路403を経由してスロットノズルの幅方向に展開する溶媒溜溝に到達する。溶媒溜溝はスロットノズル上側ブロックに加工した方がオリジナルスラリーと混合された低粘度スラリーの粒子等の溜溝部での沈殿が防止できるので良い。
図4b のスロットノズル下側ブロック49のオリジナルスラリー流路 46からオリジナルスラリー用溜溝部47が左右に展開されている。下側ブロック49の上面にシム410が設置され図示しない上側ブロックでシム410を挟み込むことにより流路と塗布開口部が形成される。
オリジナルスラリーの流路46は上流でオリジナルスラリーの自動開閉バルブ42につながり、前記バルブはオリジナルスラリーの配管43、44で接続されオリジナルスラリーは循環又は往復移動しスロットノズル内部に移動する。
またオリジナルスラリーの溜部47の両端部に流路を設け両側から押し出す構造にすることで溜溝部47でのオリジナルスラリーの滞留と沈殿を防止できる。
図4c のシム410は所望する開口部をまたは短冊状に細かい開口部が形成されたシム410‘形成ができるように加工できる。そのため下流で開口部通りのストライプコートができるし、ストライプノズルの最下流部付近の開口部は短冊を切り取り開口部の全面にわたり塗布することもできる。
オリジナルスラリー、低粘度スラリーにかかわらずスロットノズルの幅方向の流量分布をより均一にするには短冊状のシムにすることは効果的である。また短冊状のシムによるストライプ流を合流する場合、ストライプ流の両端部と中央部の流れは層流と乱流とに分かれ目視でもスラリーの色の違いがわかるほどの分散状態なのでストライプ幅とピッチは限りなく小さくすることでオリジナルスラリーも溶媒と混合した低粘度スラリーも分散を均一にできる。
また溶媒との混合をよりよくするため前記シムや上下ブロックは小刻みな振動例えば超音波振動させることで溶媒との混合を特に出口開口部で促進できる。
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slot nozzle. The original slurry enters the slot nozzle through the flow paths 45 and 46 via the slurry automatic opening / closing valve 42 connected to the circulation circuit and the pipes 43 and 44 moving between the two tanks. The slot nozzle is usually provided with an upper block 48, a lower block 49, and a shim 410 forming a pattern width and a flow path between them, and becomes a flow path of the original slurry. The application width of the slot nozzle can usually be selected from about 10 to 2500 mm, and the slot nozzle is manufactured by sandwiching the shims of the unapplied portions at both ends into the shim openings having a desired length in the application width direction. Of course, like a general T-die, the block wetted part can be processed to spread out to form an opening with a coating width. For example, even an object such as a film substrate that is conveyed at a high speed of 1200 mm wide Roll to Roll at a speed of 60 m / min can be continuously applied without any problem, and the automatic opening / closing valve is made a suckback type to intermittently apply at high speed. A pattern coat can also be performed.
The liquid reservoir 47 on the extension of the flow path 46 is machined to a length that covers the entire coating width direction. Normally, the flow path 46 leading to the liquid reservoir 47 is machined near the center of the liquid reservoir 47 to make the pressure distribution in the width direction of the slot nozzle uniform with the thickness of the shim 410. Therefore, for example, there is no problem when applying a 1000 mm width in a liquid reservoir with a width of 1000 mm, but for example, when applying in combination with a length of 500 mm, the reservoir groove is relatively soft and resistant to about 250 mm on both sides. High-speed intermittent pattern application can be achieved by filling chemical properties such as fluorine-based rods to eliminate air accumulation. Further, if the precipitation of the slurry occurs in the reservoir groove, there is a concern that the distribution may be fatally poor. Therefore, when such a slurry is used, the flow paths 46 or the like are provided at both ends of the reservoir groove portion, and when discharge is performed, the groove portion is provided. By ensuring that the original slurry can move, it is possible to prevent precipitation in the part where the original slurry is difficult to move.
Further, a reservoir 407 for merging the solvent downstream of the original slurry flow path due to the shim of the slot nozzle is provided, and the original slurry and the solvent can be merged and mixed to have a low viscosity and applied.
When the coating is stopped, the risk of precipitation can be ignored by discharging the low-viscosity slurry downstream of the solvent reservoir. The solvent usually reaches the solvent reservoir groove developed in the width direction of the slot nozzle via the pipe 401 in which the solvent is pressurized, the solvent automatic opening / closing valve 402, and the flow path 403. It is preferable to process the solvent reservoir in the upper block of the slot nozzle because it is possible to prevent precipitation of particles of the low-viscosity slurry mixed with the original slurry in the reservoir.
The original slurry reservoir groove portion 47 is developed from the original slurry flow path 46 of the lower block 49 of the slot nozzle in FIG. 4b to the left and right. A shim 410 is installed on the upper surface of the lower block 49, and a flow path and a coating opening are formed by sandwiching the shim 410 with an upper block (not shown).
The flow path 46 of the original slurry is connected to the automatic opening / closing valve 42 of the original slurry upstream, and the valve is connected by the pipes 43 and 44 of the original slurry, and the original slurry circulates or reciprocates and moves inside the slot nozzle.
Further, by providing flow paths at both ends of the reservoir portion 47 of the original slurry and extruding from both sides, it is possible to prevent the original slurry from staying and settling in the reservoir portion 47.
The shim 410 of FIG. 4c can be processed so that the desired opening can be formed by forming a shim 410'in which fine openings are formed in a strip shape. Therefore, a stripe coat can be formed on the downstream side according to the opening, and the opening near the most downstream part of the stripe nozzle can be cut out from a strip and applied over the entire surface of the opening.
Regardless of whether it is an original slurry or a low-viscosity slurry, it is effective to make a strip-shaped shim in order to make the flow rate distribution in the width direction of the slot nozzle more uniform. Also, when merging the striped flow with strip-shaped shims, the flow at both ends and the center of the striped flow is divided into laminar flow and turbulent flow, and the dispersed state is such that the difference in slurry color can be visually recognized, so the stripe width and pitch. By making the size as small as possible, the dispersion can be made uniform in both the original slurry and the low-viscosity slurry mixed with the solvent.
Further, in order to improve the mixing with the solvent, the shims and the upper and lower blocks can be vibrated little by little, for example, by ultrasonic vibration, so that the mixing with the solvent can be promoted especially at the outlet opening.
 図5は 図4のスロットノズルの塗布開口部から吐出されるオリジナルスラリーの液膜に圧縮気体アシスト流を片側または両側から吹き付ける方法であって、圧縮気体はレギュレーター514、515、圧縮気体用開閉バルブ512、513を経由し圧縮気体流路510、512からスロットノズル開口部を経て吐出される低粘度スラリーに向け噴出し圧縮気体の圧力により液膜や液滴或いは微粒子として図示していない対象物に塗布される。オリジナルスラリーも低粘度スラリーもシムを細かく短冊状にすることにより短冊状の細い多くの開口部に分配され下流へ流出する幅方事項の流量分布を均一にできる。通常の使い方のスロットノズル塗布では短冊状のシムを使用すると開口部の下流は対象物上に開口だけの数の多くのストライプ状にコートすることができる。この構造を利用し更に開口幅の狭い多くの開口を設けた短冊状にすることで例えば開口幅が1mm ピッチが 5mm  シム厚みを0.15mmにすることでスロットノズル開口部の吐出流は細く分断されているので圧縮気体で低粘度スラリーを粒子化するには好適である。シムの厚みは0.05乃至 1mm程度が一般的であるが限定するものでなく、上側ブロックと短冊状シムと下側ブロックで形成される各部位の流路(開口)形状、開口部のピッチは限定するものでなくそれぞれの目的に対応して製作すればよい。さらにスラリーの粘度に関係なくスロットノズル内部構造全般に短冊状シムはスラリー分散全般に効果的である。またアシスト圧縮気体流に溶媒を混入させるまたはノズル開口部付近で溶媒を合流させる、またはその併用でスラリーに限らずあらゆる固形分を含む液体に効果的である。特に2次電池電極スラリーに貧溶媒であるノルマルヘプタンをノズル開口部付近で必要により圧縮気体に混入させることで酢プレイ適性を向上させNMP等の高沸点溶媒の共沸を期待できる。 FIG. 5 shows a method of spraying a compressed gas assist flow from one side or both sides to the liquid film of the original slurry discharged from the coating opening of the slot nozzle of FIG. A liquid film, droplets, or fine particles not shown as a liquid film, droplets, or fine particles are formed by the pressure of the compressed gas ejected toward the low-viscosity slurry discharged from the compressed gas flow path 510, 512 via 512 and 513 through the slot nozzle opening. It is applied. Both the original slurry and the low-viscosity slurry can be distributed to many narrow strip-shaped openings by making the shims into strips, and the flow distribution of the width items flowing out to the downstream can be made uniform. In normal use of slot nozzle application, a strip-shaped shim can be used to coat the downstream part of the opening in stripes on the object as many as the opening. By using this structure and making it into a strip with many narrow openings, for example, the opening width is 1 mm, the pitch is 5 mm, and the shim thickness is 0.15 mm, so that the discharge flow at the slot nozzle opening is divided into small pieces. Therefore, it is suitable for atomizing a low-viscosity slurry with a compressed gas. The thickness of the shim is generally about 0.05 to 1 mm, but it is not limited, and the flow path (opening) shape of each part formed by the upper block, the strip-shaped shim, and the lower block, and the pitch of the opening are limited. It should be manufactured according to each purpose, not something to do. Further, the strip-shaped shims are effective for the entire slurry dispersion in the slot nozzle internal structure in general regardless of the viscosity of the slurry. Further, it is effective for a liquid containing any solid content, not limited to a slurry, by mixing a solvent into an assisted compressed gas flow, merging the solvent near the nozzle opening, or a combination thereof. In particular, by mixing normal heptane, which is a poor solvent, into the compressed gas in the vicinity of the nozzle opening as necessary in the secondary battery electrode slurry, the suitability for vinegar play can be improved and azeotrope of a high boiling point solvent such as NMP can be expected.
 図6においてオリジナルスラリーは配管63から塗布ヘッド62を経由して配管64を経由して循環または移動する。自動開閉機構を備える塗布ヘッドの下流610に、溶媒配管601、溶媒自動開閉バルブ配管又は流路603を経由して溶媒がオリジナルスラリーに合流し混合してオリジナルスラリーは低粘度になりエアレススプレイノズル611からスプレイされる。オリジナルスラリーも溶媒も低圧例えば0.05乃至 0.7MPa程度にすることで液膜を形成し液膜で図示していない対象物にノズルと対象物は相対移動し塗布される。溶媒の合流混合はノズル内でも良い。またエアレスノズルは2流体スプレイノズルで良く、溶媒の合流はスプレイノズル内またはノズル開口部またはその延長線上までの間でも良い。例えば2重パイプの内側流路からオリジナルスラリーを、外側流路から溶媒を吐出しまたはその逆の構造にして、圧縮気体で圧し潰しながらスプレイすることで粘度の高いオリジナルスラリーでもスプレイ粒子にする瞬間、粘度を低くできるので良好にスプレイできる。更に溶媒開口部の溶媒でオリジナルスラリー開口部を潤すことでオリジナルスラリー開口部の乾燥を防止でき塗布量を安定的にできるメリットもある。
2重パイプは3重パイプでもそれ以上例えば5重パイプや流路との組み合わせでも良い。溶媒は真ん中と3重目で、オリジナルスラリーは2重目にするとスプレイ適性は向上し微粒化できる。更に真ん中の流路または3重目の流路の溶媒をオリジナルスラリー流路まで潤すことでノズル開口の乾燥を防ぐことができる。また単層パイプや流路をまとめて所望する数のパイプや流路にオリジナルスラリーをそれ以外のパイプや流路を溶媒用として使用できる。複数の液体を合流できる本構造は更にはオリジナルスラリーと溶媒との組み合わせだけでなく他の2種類以上の液体の合流混合の2流体スプレイとして応用できる。本合流混合方式は例えば2液反応性液体に応用できるし、電池の活物質スラリーと導電助剤スラリー、更には全固体電池の活物質スラリーと固体電解質スラリー、燃料電池の白金等の触媒インクとアイオノマーであるナフィオン溶液の組み合わせが可能になる。特に電池や燃料電池は独立した複数のスラリーや溶液等での組み合わせによる比率調整やそれぞれの単独や組み合わせによる薄膜積層塗布として応用できる。また更に本発明の単独で溶媒を合流させる方法は低粘度にしてスプレイ適性を向上させるだけでなく合流より下流の流路の2液反応性液体や沈殿しやすい低粘度スラリーを排出できるので更に効果的である。
In FIG. 6, the original slurry circulates or moves from the pipe 63 via the coating head 62 and the pipe 64. The solvent joins and mixes with the original slurry via the solvent pipe 601 and the solvent automatic opening / closing valve pipe or the flow path 603 at the downstream 610 of the coating head equipped with the automatic opening / closing mechanism, and the original slurry becomes low viscosity and the airless spray nozzle 611. Is sprayed from. A liquid film is formed by setting the pressure of both the original slurry and the solvent to a low pressure of, for example, about 0.05 to 0.7 MPa, and the nozzle and the object are relatively moved and applied to an object (not shown) in the liquid film. The combined mixing of the solvents may be done in the nozzle. Further, the airless nozzle may be a two-fluid spray nozzle, and the solvent may be merged in the spray nozzle or up to the nozzle opening or an extension line thereof. For example, the moment when the original slurry with high viscosity is made into spray particles by discharging the original slurry from the inner flow path of the double pipe and discharging the solvent from the outer flow path or vice versa, and spraying while crushing with compressed gas. Since the viscosity can be lowered, it can be sprayed well. Further, by moistening the original slurry opening with the solvent of the solvent opening, it is possible to prevent the original slurry opening from drying and to stabilize the coating amount.
The double pipe may be a triple pipe or a combination of a triple pipe or more, for example, a quintuple pipe or a flow path. If the solvent is in the middle and the third layer, and the original slurry is in the second layer, the spray suitability is improved and it can be atomized. Further, by moistening the solvent of the middle channel or the third channel to the original slurry channel, the nozzle opening can be prevented from drying. Further, the original slurry can be used for a desired number of pipes and flow paths by collecting single-layer pipes and flow paths, and other pipes and flow paths can be used as a solvent. This structure, which can combine multiple liquids, can be applied not only as a combination of an original slurry and a solvent, but also as a two-fluid spray of a combined mixture of two or more other types of liquids. This merging and mixing method can be applied to, for example, a two-component reactive liquid, and can be applied to an active material slurry and a conductive auxiliary agent slurry of a battery, an active material slurry and a solid electrolyte slurry of an all-solid-state battery, and a catalyst ink such as platinum of a fuel cell. The combination of Nafion solution, which is an ionomer, is possible. In particular, batteries and fuel cells can be applied as ratio adjustment by combining a plurality of independent slurries or solutions, or as thin film laminated coating by each alone or in combination. Further, the method of merging the solvent alone of the present invention is more effective because it not only improves the spray suitability by lowering the viscosity but also discharges a two-component reactive liquid or a low-viscosity slurry that easily precipitates in the flow path downstream from the merging. It is a target.
 本発明によれば沈降しにくいオリジナルスラリーを循環や移動させ必要により配管内や流路等の循環スピード等を速くして(例えば秒速0.3m以上)更に沈殿しにくくし、かつできるだけ短時間でせん断応力による粘度の均一化を図り、下流でより好ましくは塗布ヘッド内、更にはその下流で溶媒と合流混合して、低粘度スラリーにして塗布適正を向上させることである。かつ必要によりノズルからの塗布停止時は溶媒合流より更に下流の流路の低粘度スラリーは溶媒で排出して低粘度スラリーの沈殿を防止して塗布の作業性を向上させることである。
本発明では以上のことからスラリーの液膜塗布、2流体スプレイ塗布、スロットノズル塗布、圧縮気体アシストスロットノズル等による薄膜塗布も薄膜積層塗布も容易にできる。
According to the present invention, the original slurry which is difficult to settle is circulated or moved to increase the circulation speed in the pipe or the flow path (for example, 0.3 m / s or more) to make it more difficult to settle and shear in the shortest possible time. The viscosity is made uniform by stress, and more preferably, it is mixed with a solvent in the coating head downstream thereof and further downstream thereof to form a low-viscosity slurry, and the coating suitability is improved. Further, if necessary, when the coating from the nozzle is stopped, the low-viscosity slurry in the flow path further downstream from the solvent merging is discharged by the solvent to prevent the low-viscosity slurry from precipitating and improve the workability of the coating.
From the above, in the present invention, thin film coating and thin film laminated coating can be easily performed by liquid film coating of slurry, two-fluid spray coating, slot nozzle coating, compressed gas assist slot nozzle and the like.
1,21,301,301‘      オリジナルスラリー
2,22,32,33      スラリータンク
3               撹拌装置
4,9,10,20,29,      スラリー配管  
43,44,53,54,       スラリー配管
63,64,350,351      スラリー配管
45,46,55,56,213,313  スラリー流路  
5,25              スラリーポンプ    
6               ヒータ―      
7               フィルター     
8,28            スラリーレギュレーター
40              スロットノズル
42,52,211,311   スラリー自動開閉バルブ      
47,57           スラリー溜溝
48              ノズル上側ブロック
49              ノズル下側ブロック
62,101          塗布ヘッド(塗布装置)
102,202,302,611  ノズル 
103,221,222,224  溶媒配管
303,401,601           溶媒配管
105,205,305     溶媒
106,206,306     溶媒タンク
107,307,365,364    気体レギュレーター
514,515             気体レギュレーター
108,308,361       圧縮気体配管
212,312,402,502         溶媒自動開閉バルブ
214,314,403,503,603  溶媒流路
215,315            合流流路
220            溶媒ポンプ
223            溶媒レギュレーター
410,410’,510         シム
511,511’              圧縮気体流路
520                    噴出流
612                    液膜
1, 1,301,301'Original slurry 2,22,32,33 Slurry tank 3 Stirrer 4,9,10,20,29, Slurry piping
43,44,53,54, Slurry pipe 63,64,350,351 Slurry pipe 45,46,55,56,213,313 Slurry flow path
5,25 Slurry pump
6 heater
7 filter
8,28 Slurry regulator 40 Slot nozzle 42,52,211,311 Slurry automatic opening / closing valve
47, 57 Slurry reservoir 48 Nozzle upper block 49 Nozzle lower block 62,101 Coating head (coating device)
102, 202, 302, 611 nozzle
103,221,222,224 Solvent piping 303,401,601 Solvent piping 105,205,305 Solvent 106,206,306 Solvent tank 107,307,365,364 Gas regulator 514,515 Gas regulator 108,308,361 Compressed gas Piping 212, 312, 402, 502 Automatic solvent opening / closing valve 214,314,403,503,603 Solvent flow path 215,315 Confluence flow path 220 Solvent pump 223 Solvent regulator 410,410', 510 Sim 511,511' Compressed gas flow Road 520 Eruption flow 612 Liquid film

Claims (15)

  1.  スラリーを対象物に塗布装置で塗布する方法であって、不揮発分である少なくとも固形粒子からなる固形分と、揮発分である溶媒とを混合し高粘度のオリジナルスラリーにする工程と、該オリジナルスラリーを流路で下流へ圧送する工程と、独立した別流路で溶媒を圧送する工程と、前記オリジナルスラリーと前記溶媒を塗布装置の少なくとも塗布部である塗布ヘッド下流までの間に合流させ混合して低粘度スラリーにして前記対象物に塗布する工程とからなることを特徴とする塗布方法。 A method of applying a slurry to an object with a coating device, in which a step of mixing a solid content consisting of at least solid particles, which is a non-volatile component, and a solvent, which is a volatile component, to obtain a high-viscosity original slurry, and the original slurry. The step of pumping the solvent downstream through the flow path, the step of pumping the solvent through another independent flow path, and the process of merging and mixing the original slurry and the solvent to at least the downstream of the coating head, which is the coating portion of the coating device. A coating method comprising the steps of forming a low-viscosity slurry and coating the object.
  2.  前記オリジナルスラリーを循環流路で循環または少なくとも2つのタンク間の流路を往復移動し沈殿を防止する工程と、前記流路と接続された自動開閉機構を備えた前記塗布ヘッドの下流までの間または前記オリジナルスラリー流路を分岐した下流で、前記オリジナルスラリーと溶媒を合流させ低粘度にする工程と、前記低粘度スラリーを対象物に塗布ヘッドで塗布することを特徴とする請求項1の塗布方法。 Between the step of circulating the original slurry in the circulation flow path or reciprocating in the flow path between at least two tanks to prevent precipitation and the downstream of the coating head provided with the automatic opening / closing mechanism connected to the flow path. The coating according to claim 1, further comprising a step of merging the original slurry and a solvent downstream of branching the original slurry flow path to reduce the viscosity, and applying the low-viscosity slurry to an object with a coating head. Method.
  3.  前記オリジナルスラリーの不揮発分の比率は65重量パーセント以下であって、そのうち固形の粒子または粒子と短繊維の重量比率は55パーセント以下であって、バインダーは10重量パーセント以下であって、揮発分は35パーセント以上であって、前記オリジナルスラリーの粘度は3000mPa・s以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2の塗布方法。 The non-volatile content of the original slurry is 65% by weight or less, of which the weight ratio of solid particles or particles to short fibers is 55% or less, the binder is 10% by weight or less, and the volatile content is The coating method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the original slurry has a viscosity of 35% or more and the viscosity of the original slurry is 3000 mPa · s or less.
  4.  前記低粘度スラリーの粘度は200mPa・s以下であって、前記対象物は加熱してなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の塗布方法。 The coating method according to claim 1 to 3, wherein the low-viscosity slurry has a viscosity of 200 mPa · s or less, and the object is heated.
  5.  前記塗布装置はエアレススプレイノズル液膜塗布装置、圧縮気体アシストエアレススプレイノズル塗布装置、スリットノズル塗布装置、スロットノズル塗布装置、圧縮気体アシストスロットノズル塗布装置、2流体スプレイ塗布装置の少なくとも一つを選択し前記対象物に単層または積層塗布することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の塗布方法。 For the coating device, select at least one of an airless spray nozzle liquid film coating device, a compressed gas assisted airless spray nozzle coating device, a slit nozzle coating device, a slot nozzle coating device, a compressed gas assist slot nozzle coating device, and a two-fluid spray coating device. The coating method according to claim 1 to 4, wherein the object is coated in a single layer or in a laminated manner.
  6.  前記オリジナルスラリーはバインダーを含み、溶媒は少なくとも2種類以上の溶媒からなり、少なくとも一つの溶媒を合流させ混合して低粘度スラリーにして塗布することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の塗布方法。 The coating method according to claim 1 to 5, wherein the original slurry contains a binder, the solvent is composed of at least two kinds of solvents, and at least one solvent is merged and mixed to form a low-viscosity slurry.
  7.  前記塗布装置は圧縮気体アシストスロットノズル塗布装置または2流体スプレイ塗布装置であって圧縮気体の噴出流を前記オリジナルスラリーまたは低粘度スラリーに吹き付けるまでの間の圧縮気体に前記溶媒が含まれることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の塗布方法。 The coating device is a compressed gas assist slot nozzle coating device or a two-fluid spray coating device, and is characterized in that the solvent is contained in the compressed gas until the ejection flow of the compressed gas is blown onto the original slurry or the low-viscosity slurry. The coating method according to claim 1 to 6.
  8.  前記対象物が燃料電池用電解質膜、ガス拡散層、転写フィルムの中から選択し、オリジナルスラリーは白金触媒を含む固形分5乃至25重量パーセントの電極用インクであって前記対象物に前記低粘度スラリーを塗布して膜電極複合体を形成することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池。 The object is selected from an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, a gas diffusion layer, and a transfer film, and the original slurry is an electrode ink having a solid content of 5 to 25% by weight containing a platinum catalyst, and the object has the low viscosity. The method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell according to claim 1 to 6, wherein a slurry is applied to form a membrane electrode composite.
  9.  前記燃料電池のオリジナルスラリーは50重量パーセント以上の水を含み、前記低粘度用スラリーの溶媒は75%以上のアルコール系溶媒であることを特徴とする請求項8の燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池。 The method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein the original slurry of the fuel cell contains 50% by weight or more of water, and the solvent of the low viscosity slurry is 75% or more of an alcohol-based solvent. ..
  10.  前記塗布ヘッドの少なくとも一つがスプレイノズルまたは微粒子発生装置であって、かつ積層し、電解質膜からガス拡散層に向かって電極の密度が段階的または連続的に傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8の燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池。 The claim is characterized in that at least one of the coating heads is a spray nozzle or a fine particle generator and is laminated and the density of the electrodes is gradually or continuously inclined from the electrolyte membrane toward the gas diffusion layer. Item 1 to 8 Fuel cell manufacturing method or fuel cell.
  11.  前記電極には電解質固形分が含まれ、前記電極インクには電解質溶液が含まれ、電解質溶液固形分の比率が異なる電極インクと独立した塗布装置を用意し、または独立した電解質溶液塗布装置を設け、電解質膜に近い電極の電解質比率がガス拡散層に近い電極の電解質比率より多くすることを特徴とする請求項請求項8乃至10の燃料電池の製造方法または燃料電池。 The electrode contains an electrolyte solid content, the electrode ink contains an electrolyte solution, and a coating device independent of the electrode ink having a different ratio of the electrolyte solution solid content is prepared, or an independent electrolyte solution coating device is provided. The method for manufacturing a fuel cell or a fuel cell according to claim 8 to 10, wherein the electrolyte ratio of the electrode close to the electrolyte membrane is larger than the electrolyte ratio of the electrode close to the gas diffusion layer.
  12.  前記対象物が2次電池用集電体であってスラリーが2次電池電極用スラリーであって、2次電池の電極を形成することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の2次電池の製造方法または2次電池。 Manufacture of the secondary battery according to claim 1 to 7, wherein the object is a current collector for a secondary battery, the slurry is a slurry for a secondary battery electrode, and an electrode of the secondary battery is formed. Method or rechargeable battery.
  13.  前記対象物が集電体であって2次電池用電極を形成するにあたり、集電体界面から遠くなるに従い電極密度を段階的または連続的に変化させ電極密度が傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項12の2次電池の製造方法または2次電池。 When the object is a collector and forms an electrode for a secondary battery, the electrode density is changed stepwise or continuously as the distance from the collector interface increases, and the electrode density is inclined. The method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to claim 12, or the secondary battery.
  14.  前記対象物を集電体、電極層、固体電解質層から選択し、スラリーが電極用スラリーまたは固体電解質スラリーであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の全固体電池の製造方法または全固体電池。 The method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state battery according to claim 1 to 7, wherein the object is selected from a current collector, an electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer, and the slurry is an electrode slurry or a solid electrolyte slurry. ..
  15.  前記対象物が集電体、電極層、電解質層から少なくとも一つを選択し全固体電池の電極を形成するにあたり、少なくとも一つの活物質粒子からなるスラリーと、少なくとも一つの電解質粒子からなるスラリーを用意する工程と、それぞれ少なくとも一つの塗布ヘッドを選択し混合積層塗布する工程と、集電体から遠ざかるに従い、段階的または連続的に活物質粒子と電解質粒子の単位面積当たりまたは単位体積当たりの比率を変化させ段階的または連続的に比率が傾斜することを特徴とする請求項14の全固体電池の製造方法または全固体電池。 When the object selects at least one from a current collector, an electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer to form an electrode of an all-solid-state battery, a slurry composed of at least one active material particle and a slurry composed of at least one electrolyte particle are prepared. The step of preparing, the step of selecting at least one coating head for each, and the step of mixing and laminating coating, and the ratio of the active material particles and the electrolyte particles per unit area or unit volume stepwise or continuously as the distance from the current collector increases. 14. The method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state battery according to claim 14, wherein the ratio is gradually or continuously inclined.
PCT/JP2021/037370 2020-10-13 2021-10-08 Application method, method for producing fuel cell or fuel cell, method for producing secondary battery or secondary battery, method for producing all-solid-state battery or all-solid-state battery WO2022080259A1 (en)

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JPH06200044A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-07-19 Union Carbide Chem & Plast Technol Corp Spray application of plastic additive to polymer
JP2003071720A (en) * 2001-06-21 2003-03-12 M Fsi Kk Device for mixing and supplying slurry and method for mixing and supplying slurry
KR20050012362A (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-02 동부아남반도체 주식회사 Method and apparatus for measuring slurry flow pressure in cmp equipment
KR200480107Y1 (en) * 2015-03-06 2016-04-15 남지영 Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus having slit nozzle for discharging slurry
JP2020096027A (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-18 株式会社西村ケミテック Polishing liquid supply apparatus
JP2020113382A (en) * 2019-01-09 2020-07-27 東レエンジニアリング株式会社 Manufacturing device for electrode plate for battery and manufacturing method of electrode plate for battery

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH06200044A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-07-19 Union Carbide Chem & Plast Technol Corp Spray application of plastic additive to polymer
JP2003071720A (en) * 2001-06-21 2003-03-12 M Fsi Kk Device for mixing and supplying slurry and method for mixing and supplying slurry
KR20050012362A (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-02 동부아남반도체 주식회사 Method and apparatus for measuring slurry flow pressure in cmp equipment
KR200480107Y1 (en) * 2015-03-06 2016-04-15 남지영 Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus having slit nozzle for discharging slurry
JP2020096027A (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-18 株式会社西村ケミテック Polishing liquid supply apparatus
JP2020113382A (en) * 2019-01-09 2020-07-27 東レエンジニアリング株式会社 Manufacturing device for electrode plate for battery and manufacturing method of electrode plate for battery

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