WO2022069614A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben eines energiesystems und energiesystem - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben eines energiesystems und energiesystem Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022069614A1 WO2022069614A1 PCT/EP2021/076912 EP2021076912W WO2022069614A1 WO 2022069614 A1 WO2022069614 A1 WO 2022069614A1 EP 2021076912 W EP2021076912 W EP 2021076912W WO 2022069614 A1 WO2022069614 A1 WO 2022069614A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- energy system
- energy
- control unit
- value
- system component
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012913 prioritisation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019577 caloric intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
- G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an energy system with at least two energy system components and an energy system.
- an energy supply network can extend to the electrical components of a building. It can also extend to cities or individual city districts.
- a power or amount of energy requested in an energy supply network is currently distributed in a controlled manner by means of load balancing in such a way that power peaks are avoided and individual components are not overloaded or underloaded.
- Control is currently typically carried out centrally.
- the control is based on numerical optimization based on a large number of parameters of the electrical components.
- a disadvantage of such a control based on numerical optimization is that it is complex, expensive and sensitive to disturbances in terms of preparation, maintenance and execution.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to specify a method for operating an energy system and an energy system which enable reliable, less complex and economical control of heterogeneous decentralized energy supply networks.
- the object is achieved according to the invention with a method according to claim 1 and an energy system according to claim 12 .
- the method according to the invention for operating an energy system comprises a number of steps.
- the energy system comprising a central control unit and at least a first energy system component and a second energy system component.
- Each energy system component has a control unit and is connected to the central control unit.
- a self-assessment value of a first energy system component is determined in its control unit based on at least one first state value.
- a second self-assessment value of a second energy system component is determined in its control unit based on at least one second state value.
- the central control unit is given a currently maximum possible amount of power of the first energy system components te and the second energy system component provided.
- a request for a required electrical power is recorded in the central control unit.
- a distribution variable for the required power for each energy system component is then determined in the central control unit based on the self-assessment values and the maximum power output quantity in each case.
- the required electrical power is then distributed to the energy system components according to the determined distribution variables.
- the energy system according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises at least one central control unit and two energy system components.
- Each energy system component has a control unit. Furthermore, each energy system component is connected to the central control unit.
- the currently maximum possible amount of power is understood to mean the maximum possible power based on the design and the component limits. This maximum possible performance can also vary over time, depending, in particular, on aging processes. The maximum possible amount of power can thus change if the method according to the invention is repeated several times. This changed value is then understood to mean a currently maximum possible amount of power.
- the self-assessment value of the respective energy system component is determined based on at least one first state value. Determining the self-assessment value using the state value is comparable to determining member values of predetermined member functions in a fuzzy logic system.
- the energy system is provided with predetermined status value functions, which are used to assign the current status value of the energy system component. Based on that, a self-assessment value determined.
- the self-assessment value of an energy system component can also be determined based on several status values.
- the parameters required for a controlled distribution of electrical power at the level of individual energy system components are converted into a self-assessment value, which is transmitted to the central controller both type-agnostically and system-agnostically.
- the self-assessment value is transmitted to the central control unit independently of the type of energy system component and independently of the system type of the energy system.
- a method is understood as agnostic here, which can optimally distribute a requested amount of energy to several energy system components even without knowledge of the underlying details of the associated energy system, in particular the associated energy system components of the energy system.
- the self-assessment value is determined at the local level, ie in each energy system component.
- the required electrical power can be understood as a power output or power consumption.
- any number of energy system components of different system types and different types can be included in the central control unit when distributing the electrical power.
- this load distribution can be carried out automatically, ie without human intervention.
- the load distribution can be adapted to new topologies without having to intervene in the central controller. This advantageously enables the energy system components involved in the distribution to be expanded automatically, ie without the intervention of a specialist.
- a complex system modeling including a numerical optimization or manual adjustment of individual parameters of individual energy system components is advantageously not necessary.
- an energy generator unit, an energy consumer unit or an energy storage unit are used as energy system components.
- the energy storage unit is in particular a battery store.
- the energy system is heterogeneous and decentralized and includes a wide variety of energy system components.
- a self-assessment value, which is included in the distribution of the required electrical power, is advantageously determined for each of the energy system components, regardless of their type. The distribution is therefore advantageously carried out independently of how precisely the energy system is designed with regard to the energy system components.
- the self-assessment values for an energy release are included in the determination of the distribution variable in the central control unit separately from the self-assessment values for an energy intake. A self-assessment value is therefore also determined for each energy system component. This is transmitted to the central control unit. To determine the distribution variable, the central control unit records whether it is a self-assessment value for energy intake or energy output. The inclusion in the distribution variable takes place in particular by using opposite signs for the energy uptake and energy release when determining the distribution variable. Energy storage units can thus advantageously be included in the automated determination of the distribution variable, depending on whether they are being charged or discharged, without human intervention being necessary.
- the state value functions provide state values as a function of a physical input variable.
- the status functions can also be used as input variables.
- a physical input variable is in particular a storage temperature and/or a state of charge of an energy storage unit or an ambient temperature of an energy system component.
- each energy system component determines a self-assessment value for itself by assigning the status value to a status function, with the status function being able to depend on physical input variables or non-physical input variables.
- At least two first status values and/or at least two second status values are determined.
- a state value can be based on a non-physical input variable and another state value can be based on a physical input variable.
- the first self-assessment value is particularly advantageously determined as the product of the respective at least two first state values for the first energy system component.
- the second self-assessment value is determined as the product of the respective at least two second state values.
- a ratio of the self-assessment value and the maximum power of an energy system component to the sum of all self-assessment values and their respective maximum power is used as the distribution variable.
- an energy system component is based their self-assessment value and maximum performance in relation to the overall self-assessment value and maximum performance of the system. Equation 1 illustrates this procedure. This shows the distribution variable w of the first energy system component ES I as a function of the first self-assessment value SA ES I and the maximum power of the first energy system component P max ,Esi .
- self-assessment values SA are determined for all n energy system components. Furthermore, the maximum power for all n energy systems is included in the calculation of the distribution size.
- the distribution variable is advantageously calculated by weighting according to Equation 1. In comparison to a numerical simulation, as used in the prior art for a central controller, this calculation is not very complex. The calculation can be carried out in the central control unit with little computing capacity for each energy system component.
- the class of the energy system component and its maximum output are transmitted to the central control unit.
- each energy system component transmits its class to the central control unit.
- a system prioritization value is determined for each energy system component, the system prioritization value depending on a status value which describes the class of the energy system component and the maximum Performance of the energy system component is determined.
- this can be an evaluation of a diesel unit or an evaluation of a photovoltaic system as a class. It is thus advantageously possible to easily include the class of the energy system component when determining the distribution variable.
- regenerative energy generation units can be evaluated with a higher system priority value.
- a predetermined state value function is used to determine the system prioritization value, which state values are provided as a function of a physical input variable, a cost-dependent input variable and/or an emission-dependent input variable.
- An emission-dependent input variable is in particular a carbon dioxide emission-dependent input variable.
- a value for security of supply can be included as an input variable in the status value function for the system prioritization value. In this way, the class of the respective energy system component can be evaluated with regard to a wide variety of aspects. It is sufficient that this assessment is carried out only once by creating the predetermined state value functions.
- the system prioritization value is included in the distribution variable, in particular by means of a product.
- Equation 2 shows a possible way of calculating the distribution variable w′ as a function of the system prioritization value CA of the first energy system component, the self-assessment values SA and the maximum power P max of the energy system components.
- Equation 2 With the inclusion of the system prioritization value in the distribution variable, complex energy systems can advantageously be operated via a simple calculation, in particular as shown in Equation 2, in such a way that all energy system components are taken into account when distributing a requested power, regardless of their class and size.
- the energy system component is a virtual power plant or an energy subsystem.
- a virtual power plant is a combination of different energy system components, such as in particular a diesel generator, a photovoltaic system and/or a battery storage system, which are controlled by a control unit that does not reveal the individual energy system components to the outside world.
- a virtual power plant is represented as a single energy system component independently of the individual energy system components to the outside, that is to say in relation to the central control unit.
- the virtual power plant has its own control unit, which communicates with the central control unit of the energy system.
- an energy subsystem which in turn includes different energy system components, exactly one energy system component is shown to the outside, ie in relation to the central control unit of the energy system.
- At least one self-assessment value and/or one system prioritization value are thus determined overall for the virtual power plant and/or the energy subsystem. It is then advantageously possible to integrate the virtual power plant or the energy subsystem into the energy system as precisely one energy system component. It is then also possible to assign a predetermined class, in particular a diesel generator or a battery store, to the virtual power plant or the energy subsystem. Thus, the virtual power plant or the energy subsystem is shown in a simplified way, which Partially simplifies the integration of the virtual power plant or the energy subsystem in the energy system for the distribution of a requested power and requires a low processor power of the central control unit.
- the energy system component is a virtual battery store.
- a virtual battery is understood here in particular to mean a computer comprising a processor that requests amounts of energy, in particular as a function of contractual energy quotas, by presenting itself to the central control unit as an empty battery store that still has charging capacity.
- an amount of energy contractually transferred to a customer by an energy supplier can be included in the energy system as a full virtual battery store.
- the customer's virtual battery storage is initially shown to the outside as empty by means of a first allocation value. After the contractually fixed amount of energy has been transferred, the virtual battery storage is shown to the central control unit as full, i.e. charged.
- a virtual battery storage is directly connected to another energy system component, in particular a virtual power plant. In this way, the transmission of a defined amount of energy to the virtual power plant is monitored using the virtual battery store.
- virtual power plants, energy subsystems and virtual battery storage make it possible to operate cascaded energy supply networks, in which virtual power plants in particular are set up in a mixed network with physical energy system components, optimally and reliably with little computing effort.
- the adaptation of the distribution of requested electrical power to the physically changing energy system can advantageously be carried out quickly and easily by means of virtual power plants and virtual battery storage.
- a building control system or a factory control system regulates complex distributions of electrical energy within the closed environment. Rather, the entire closed environment is represented in relation to the central control unit, in particular as a virtual battery.
- the central control unit is assigned locally to a node of an energy network.
- the infrastructure of the energy system can thus be used advantageously in order to integrate the central control unit into the energy system.
- FIG. 1 energy system with two battery storage units, a diesel generator and a central control unit;
- FIG. 2 State of charge value function of a battery storage unit
- FIG. 3 Temperature state value function of a battery storage unit
- FIG. 4 relative power requirement state value function of a battery storage unit
- FIG. 5 energy system with a large battery store, virtual power plants and a diesel generator
- FIG. 6 shows a process diagram for operating an energy system.
- Figure 1 shows an energy system 1 with several energy system components.
- a first battery storage unit 4 , a second battery storage unit 5 and a diesel generator 7 are used as energy system components.
- the first battery storage unit 4 represents a home storage system with a size of 10 kWh.
- the second battery storage unit 5 is a large battery storage with a size of 100 kWh.
- the maximum power of the home storage 4 is 3 kW.
- the maximum capacity of the large battery storage is 50 kW.
- the maximum output of the diesel generator 7 is also 50 kW.
- Each power system component includes its own control unit.
- the energy system components are all directly connected to a central control unit 6 .
- a request for a required electrical power is transmitted to the central control unit 6 .
- self-assessment values of the energy system components and system prioritization values are recorded by the central control unit 6 and a distribution variable for distributing the requested electrical power is determined on the basis thereof.
- the required electrical power 15 kW in this example, is then distributed to the diesel generator 7 , the first battery storage unit 4 and the second battery storage unit 5 .
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate how a self-assessment value SA is determined for each control unit of the energy system components.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the determination of a state of charge state value 20 based on a state of charge of the battery storage unit 4 , 5 .
- the first state of charge of the first battery storage unit 4 is 95%.
- a first state of charge value PI of the first battery storage unit 4 can be determined by means of the first state value functions.
- the state of charge value for a state of charge of 95% is 0.95.
- the second state of charge of the second battery storage unit 5 is 17%.
- the second state of charge state value P2 of the second battery storage unit 5 is therefore 0.17.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a corresponding state value function: state value function 35 describes a temperature corridor in which the battery storage unit is operated optimally.
- a temperature state value 40 is determined by means of the second state value functions 35 as a function of the temperature of the battery storage unit 30 . In this example, an optimum temperature range for operating the battery storage unit is in a range of 20° C. to 40° C.
- a first temperature status value P3 is determined for the first battery storage unit 4 . The temperature of the first battery storage unit 4 is 33°C. This results in a first temperature state value P3 of 1.
- a second temperature state value P4 is determined for the second battery storage unit 5 . The temperature of the second battery storage unit 5 is 38°C.
- a value of 1 is thus determined as the second temperature state value P4.
- a first self-assessment value SA 1 and a second self-assessment value SA2 are now determined for the first battery storage unit 4 and the second battery storage unit 5 by means of a product from the status values assigned to an energy system component:
- the SA3 diesel generator self-assessment value is 1 .
- a first system prioritization value CAI and a second system prioritization value CA2 are each determined for the first battery storage unit 4 and the second battery storage unit 5 .
- Figure 4 illustrates the status value functions, which are used in this example to determine the system prioritization values.
- a relative power requirement for the energy system components is plotted on the x-axis. The ratio of the electrical power requested to the maximum electrical power that can be provided by the respective energy system component is understood as the relative power requirements.
- a power requirement state value 60 is plotted on the y-axis.
- FIG. 4 now shows status value functions for a diesel generator 51, for a home storage device 52 and for a large battery storage device 53. The first battery storage unit 4 is operated with a relative first power requirement 54 of 30%.
- the first battery storage unit 4 is a home storage.
- a first relative power requirement state value P5 of 0.7 results.
- the second battery storage unit 5 is operated with a second relative power requirement 55 of 5%.
- the second battery storage unit 5 behaves like a large battery storage.
- a second performance requirement state value P6 is therefore 0.5.
- the diesel generator 7 is operated with a third relative power requirement 56 of 10%.
- a third power requirement state value P7 of 0 thus results.
- no further state value functions are used to determine the system prioritization value CA. This results in:
- the distribution size is now determined according to Equation 2 as follows:
- 0.32 is determined as the distribution variable for the first battery storage unit 4 .
- 0.68 is determined as the distribution variable for the second battery storage unit 5 .
- 0 is determined as the distribution variable for the diesel generator 7 .
- the required electrical power of 15 kW is thus distributed in such a way that 4.8 kW are drawn from the first battery storage unit 4 and 10.2 kW from the second battery storage unit 5 .
- FIG. 5 shows a branched energy system 1 with multiple diesel generators, virtual power plants and battery storage units. It should be explained with reference to FIG. 5 that a significant simplification occurs in the distribution of a requested electrical power due to the assignment of the self-assessment values and system prioritization values.
- the energy system 1 includes a central control unit 6 .
- the central control unit 6 is directly connected to a second battery storage unit 5 , ie a large battery storage, a diesel generator 7 and a first virtual power plant 9 .
- the first virtual power plant 9 in turn includes a second large battery storage 12 and a second virtual power plant 11 .
- the second virtual power plant 11 in turn includes a first battery storage unit 4 , ie a home storage unit, a photovoltaic system 8 and a third battery storage unit 13 .
- Each energy system component determines a self-assessment value.
- the first self-assessment value SA1 of the first battery storage 4, the eighth self-assessment value SA8 of the photovoltaic system 8 and the third self-assessment value SA3 of the third battery storage unit 13 are transmitted to the virtual power plant 11 and multiplied there and initially stored as the fourth self-assessment value S4.
- the fourth self-assessment value S4 and the fifth self-assessment value S5 of the second battery store 12 are transmitted to the first virtual power plant 9 .
- a Multiplication determines a sixth self-assessment value SA 6 .
- a seventh self-assessment value SA7 of the diesel generator 7 and a second self-assessment value SA2 of the second battery storage unit 5 are also determined.
- the second self-assessment value SA 2 , the sixth self-assessment value SA 6 and the seventh self-assessment value SA 7 are transmitted to the central control unit 6 .
- system prioritization values CA 1 , CA 2 and CA 3 are each determined for the diesel generator 7 , the virtual power plant 9 and the second battery storage unit 5 and transmitted to the central control unit.
- a distribution variable for the second battery storage unit 5 , the diesel generator 7 and the first virtual power plant 9 is determined in the central control unit 6 .
- a required power is then distributed to these three energy system components according to this distribution variable.
- the method for distributing the energy based on self-assessment values and system prioritization values can then be carried out again at this level, in other words recursively, within the virtual power plant 9 .
- the amount of energy that was determined during the higher-level distribution is used as the required power.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the method for distributing a requested power to an energy system 1 with a number of energy system components.
- a first step S 1 an energy system with several energy system components is provided.
- a second step S2 a first self-assessment value of a first energy system component is determined.
- a second self-assessment value of a second energy system component is determined.
- the first and the second step can take place one after the other or in parallel.
- a current maximum amount of power of the energy system component is provided. Current here means that in the case of a storage unit, the maximum possible power output is provided at the time of operation will . The maximum possible power output can deteriorate over time, so this value should be adjusted.
- a request for electrical power is received in a central control unit.
- the determination of the self-assessment values and the recording of the requested electrical power can in turn take place sequentially or in parallel.
- a distribution variable is determined for each energy system component.
- the required electrical power is distributed to the energy system components according to the distribution variable.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP21786826.4A EP4186137A1 (de) | 2020-10-02 | 2021-09-30 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines energiesystems und energiesystem |
US18/247,334 US20230387694A1 (en) | 2020-10-02 | 2021-09-30 | Method for Operating an Energy System, and Energy System |
AU2021351885A AU2021351885B2 (en) | 2020-10-02 | 2021-09-30 | Method for operating an energy system, and energy system |
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DE102020212497.3 | 2020-10-02 | ||
DE102020212497.3A DE102020212497A1 (de) | 2020-10-02 | 2020-10-02 | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Energiesystems und Energiesystem |
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EP (1) | EP4186137A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2021351885B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020212497A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022069614A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9595832B2 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2017-03-14 | Electricite De France | Control unit for an electrical generation/consumption system |
US20180090987A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2018-03-29 | Nec Corporation | Control device, apparatus control device, control system, control method and program |
US20190074693A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-03-07 | Nec Corporation | Control device |
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DE102013108879A1 (de) | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-19 | Rwe Effizienz Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftwerkssystems |
CN105723659B (zh) | 2013-11-12 | 2019-06-14 | 艾思玛太阳能技术股份公司 | 使***控制单元与多台发电设备通信的方法 |
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2020
- 2020-10-02 DE DE102020212497.3A patent/DE102020212497A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2021
- 2021-09-30 EP EP21786826.4A patent/EP4186137A1/de active Pending
- 2021-09-30 WO PCT/EP2021/076912 patent/WO2022069614A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-09-30 US US18/247,334 patent/US20230387694A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-30 AU AU2021351885A patent/AU2021351885B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9595832B2 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2017-03-14 | Electricite De France | Control unit for an electrical generation/consumption system |
US20180090987A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2018-03-29 | Nec Corporation | Control device, apparatus control device, control system, control method and program |
US20190074693A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-03-07 | Nec Corporation | Control device |
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AU2021351885B2 (en) | 2024-07-11 |
AU2021351885A1 (en) | 2023-04-20 |
DE102020212497A1 (de) | 2022-04-07 |
US20230387694A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
EP4186137A1 (de) | 2023-05-31 |
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