WO2022068119A1 - 回热式热力循环与新型回热机械压缩式热泵 - Google Patents

回热式热力循环与新型回热机械压缩式热泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022068119A1
WO2022068119A1 PCT/CN2021/000197 CN2021000197W WO2022068119A1 WO 2022068119 A1 WO2022068119 A1 WO 2022068119A1 CN 2021000197 W CN2021000197 W CN 2021000197W WO 2022068119 A1 WO2022068119 A1 WO 2022068119A1
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medium channel
low
dual
temperature heat
regenerator
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PCT/CN2021/000197
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李华玉
李鸿瑞
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李华玉
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Publication of WO2022068119A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022068119A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamics and thermodynamics.
  • the invention provides a regenerative thermodynamic cycle with flexible regenerative parameters, adapting to a variety of different working conditions and rationalizing performance indices; based on the new regenerative thermodynamic cycle, the invention provides a variety of specific new regenerative machines Compression heat pump.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a regenerative thermodynamic cycle and a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the specific content of the invention is described as follows:
  • Regenerative thermodynamic cycle refers to seven processes that are carried out in sequence by a certain quality of circulating working fluid - the endothermic process from a low temperature heat source 12, the self-circulating working fluid endothermic process 23, and the boosting process 34.
  • the new regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, a nozzle, a heater, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator;
  • the dual-energy compressor has a circulating working medium channel for heating
  • the expander is connected with the expander, and the expander also has a circulating working medium channel which is connected with the nozzle through the regenerator, and the nozzle and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compressor through the low temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator;
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, an expansion speed increaser, a heat supply, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the dual-energy compressor has a circulating working medium channel through The heater is communicated with the expander, the expander and the circulating working medium channel are communicated with the expansion speed-up machine through the regenerator, and the expansion speed-up machine and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compressor through the low temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator.
  • the heater and the heated medium channel are connected to the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected to the outside, the expander and the expansion speed-up machine are connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmit power to form a new type of heat recovery.
  • Mechanical compression heat pump is connected to the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected to the outside, the expander and the expansion speed-up machine are connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmit power to form a new type of heat recovery.
  • Mechanical compression heat pump Mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, a nozzle, a heater, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator;
  • the dual-energy compressor has a circulating working medium channel for heating
  • the nozzle is connected with the nozzle, the nozzle and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the expander through the regenerator, and the expander and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compressor through the low temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator;
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, a nozzle, an expansion speed-up machine, a heat supply, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the dual-energy compressor has a circulating working medium channel through The heater is connected with the nozzle, the nozzle and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the expansion speed-up machine through the regenerator, and the expansion speed-up machine and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compressor through the low temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator.
  • the heat exchanger and the heated medium channel are connected to the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected to the outside, and the expansion speed up machine is connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmits power, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, a nozzle, a second nozzle, a heater, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator;
  • the dual-energy compressor has a circulating working medium channel through
  • the heater is communicated with the nozzle, and the nozzle and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the second nozzle through the regenerator.
  • the heater also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside, and the low-temperature heat exchanger also has a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, an expansion speed increaser, a heat supply, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the dual-energy compressor has a circulating working medium channel through The heater is communicated with the expansion speed-up machine, the expansion speed-up machine and the circulating working medium channel are communicated with the expander through the regenerator, and the expander and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compressor through the low temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator.
  • the heater and the heated medium channel are connected to the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected to the outside, the expander and the expansion speed-up machine are connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmit power to form a new type of heat recovery.
  • Mechanical compression heat pump is connected to the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected to the outside, the expander and the expansion speed-up machine are connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmit power to form a new type of heat recovery.
  • Mechanical compression heat pump Mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expansion speed-up machine, a second expansion speed-up machine, a heat supply, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the dual-energy compressor has a cycle
  • the working medium channel is connected with the expansion speed-up machine through the heater, the expansion speed-up machine and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the second expansion speed-up machine through the regenerator, and the second expansion speed-up machine also has the circulating working medium channel through the regenerator.
  • the low-temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator communicate with the dual-energy compressor; the heater also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside;
  • the speed increaser is connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmits power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, a nozzle, an expansion speed-up machine, a heater, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the dual-energy compressor has a circulating working medium channel through The heater is connected with the expansion speed-up machine, the expansion speed-up machine and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the nozzle through the regenerator, and the spray tube and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compression through the low temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator.
  • the heat exchanger and the heated medium channel are connected to the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected to the outside, and the expansion speed up machine is connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmits power, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a compressor, an expander, a heater, a low temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator;
  • the compressor also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with itself through the regenerator, the expander also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the compressor through a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator;
  • the heater also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside.
  • the low-temperature heat exchanger also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside, and the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a new type of heat recovery mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, a nozzle, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the external heating medium channel is connected to the expander, and the expander is also The heating medium channel is communicated with the nozzle through the regenerator, the nozzle and the heated medium channel are communicated with the dual-energy compressor through the low-temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator, and the dual-energy compressor and the heated medium channel are communicated with the outside;
  • the low-temperature heat exchanger also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside, and the expander is connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmits power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, an expansion speed increaser, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the external heating medium channel is connected to the expander, and the expander also The heated medium channel is connected with the expansion speed-up machine through the regenerator, and the expansion speed-up machine and the heated medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compressor through the low-temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator, and the dual-energy compressor is also heated.
  • the medium channel is connected with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected with the outside, and the expander and the expansion speed-up machine are connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmit power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, a nozzle, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the external heating medium channel is connected to the nozzle, and the nozzle is also The heating medium channel is communicated with the expander through the regenerator, the expander and the heated medium channel are communicated with the dual-energy compressor through the low-temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator, and the dual-energy compressor and the heated medium channel are communicated with the outside;
  • the low-temperature heat exchanger also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside, and the expander is connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmits power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expansion speed-up machine, a nozzle, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the external heating medium channel is connected to the nozzle, and the nozzle is also The heated medium channel is connected with the expansion speed-up machine through the regenerator, and the expansion speed-up machine and the heated medium channel are connected with the dual-energy compressor through the low-temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator, and the dual-energy compressor is also heated.
  • the medium channel is connected with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected with the outside, and the expansion and speed-up machine is connected with the dual-energy compressor and transmits power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, a nozzle, a second nozzle, a low temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the external heating medium channel is connected to the nozzle, and the nozzle is also A heated medium channel is communicated with the second nozzle through the regenerator, and the second nozzle also has a heated medium channel communicated with the dual-energy compressor through the low-temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator, and the dual-energy compressor is also heated.
  • the medium channel is communicated with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are communicated with the outside to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expander, an expansion speed increaser, a low temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the external heating medium channel is connected to the expansion speed increaser, and the expansion
  • the speed-increasing machine also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the expander through a regenerator.
  • the expander also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the dual-energy compressor through a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator.
  • the dual-energy compressor is also heated.
  • the medium channel is connected with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected with the outside, and the expander and the expansion speed-up machine are connected to the dual-energy compressor and transmit power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expansion speed increaser, a second expansion speed increaser, a low temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; externally, there are heated medium channels and expansion speed increasers.
  • the expansion speed-up machine and the heated medium channel are connected with the second expansion speed-up machine through the regenerator, and the second expansion speed-up machine also has the heated medium channel through the low temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator.
  • the compressor is connected to the outside, and the dual-energy compressor and the heated medium channel are connected to the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected to the outside. power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a dual-energy compressor, an expansion speed-up machine, a nozzle, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the external heating medium channel is connected with the expansion speed-up machine, and the expansion
  • the speed-increasing machine also has a heated medium channel that is connected to the nozzle through the regenerator, and the nozzle and the heated medium channel are connected to the dual-energy compressor through a low-temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator, and the dual-energy compressor is also heated.
  • the medium channel is connected with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat medium channel are connected with the outside, and the expansion and speed-up machine is connected with the dual-energy compressor and transmits power to form a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a compressor, an expander, a low temperature heat exchanger and a regenerator; the outside is connected with the heated medium channel and the expander, and the expander also has a heated medium channel through the return.
  • the heat exchanger communicates with itself, the expander and the heated medium channel communicate with the compressor through the low-temperature heat exchanger and the regenerator, and the compressor and the heated medium channel communicate with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger also has a low-temperature heat medium channel Connected with the outside, the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a new type of heat recovery mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump is mainly composed of a compressor, an expander, a heater and a regenerator; the external low-temperature heat medium channel is connected to the compressor through the regenerator, and the compressor also has a low-temperature heat medium.
  • the channel is communicated with the expander through the heater, the expander and the low-temperature heat medium channel are communicated with itself through the regenerator, the expander and the low-temperature heat medium channel are communicated with the outside; the heater and the heated medium channel are communicated with the outside , the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a new type of heat recovery mechanical compression heat pump.
  • Fig. 1/13 is a schematic flow chart of a regenerative thermodynamic cycle provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2/13 is a first principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3/13 is a second principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4/13 is the third principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5/13 is the fourth principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6/13 is the fifth principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 7/13 is the sixth principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8/13 is the seventh principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 9/13 is the eighth principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10/13 is the ninth principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 11/13 is the tenth principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12/13 is an 11th principle thermal system diagram of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Figure 13/13 is a schematic diagram of the twelfth principle thermal system of the novel regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provided according to the present invention.
  • Circulating working medium is carried out - endothermic heating process from low temperature heat source 12, self-circulating working fluid endothermic heating process 23, adiabatic boosting process 34, exothermic cooling process 45 to high temperature heat source, adiabatic depressurization process 56, to circulating working fluid Exothermic cooling process 67, adiabatic decompression process 71 - a total of 7 processes.
  • the dual-energy compressor 1 has a circulating working medium channel through the heater 4 Connected with the expander 2, the expander 2 also has a circulating working medium channel and is communicated with the nozzle 3 through the regenerator 6, and the nozzle 3 also has a circulating working medium channel through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 and the dual-energy compressor.
  • the compressor 1 communicates with the machine 1; the heater 4 also has a heated medium channel communicated with the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel communicated with the outside, and the expander 2 is connected to the dual-energy compressor 1 and transmits power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the expander 2 to reduce pressure to perform work, flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat, and flows through the nozzle 3.
  • the pressure is reduced and accelerated, flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 to gradually absorb heat and increase the temperature, and then enter the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure and increase the temperature and reduce the speed; the heated medium obtains a high-temperature heat load through the heater 4 , the low-temperature heat medium provides low-temperature heat load through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5, and the expander 2 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the expansion speed-up machine 7 also has a circulating working medium channel through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and reheating
  • the heat exchanger 6 communicates with the dual-energy compressor 1; the heater 4 also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside; It can compressor 1 and transmit power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the expander 2 to reduce pressure to perform work, flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat, flows through the expansion booster
  • the speed machine 7 is depressurized to perform work and increase in speed, and flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 to gradually absorb heat and increase the temperature, and then enter the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure and increase the speed and reduce the speed; the heated medium passes through the heater. 4.
  • the low temperature heat medium provides the low temperature heat load through the low temperature heat exchanger 5, the expander 2, the expansion speed increaser 7 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the dual-energy compressor 1 has a circulating working medium channel through the heater 4 Connected with the nozzle 3, the nozzle 3 and the circulating working medium channel are connected with the expander 2 through the regenerator 6, and the expander 2 also has the circulating working medium channel through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 and the dual-energy compressor.
  • the compressor 1 communicates with the machine 1; the heater 4 also has a heated medium channel communicated with the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel communicated with the outside, and the expander 2 is connected to the dual-energy compressor 1 and transmits power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the nozzle 3 to reduce pressure and increase speed, flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat, and flows through the expander 2.
  • the depressurization works, flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 and gradually absorbs heat and raises the temperature, and then enters the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure, raise the temperature and reduce the speed; the heated medium obtains a high-temperature heat load through the heater 4 , the low-temperature heat medium provides low-temperature heat load through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5, and the expander 2 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the device 4 is communicated with the nozzle 3, the nozzle 3 and the circulating working medium channel are communicated with the expansion speed-up machine 7 through the regenerator 6, and the expansion speed-up machine 7 and the circulating working medium channel pass through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and reheat.
  • the heat exchanger 6 communicates with the dual-energy compressor 1; the heater 4 also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside; and transmit power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the nozzle 3 to reduce pressure and increase speed, flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat, and flows through the expansion booster.
  • the speed machine 7 is depressurized to perform work and increase in speed, and flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 to gradually absorb heat and increase the temperature, and then enter the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure and increase the speed and reduce the speed; the heated medium passes through the heater. 4.
  • the low temperature heat medium provides the low temperature heat load through the low temperature heat exchanger 5, and the expansion speed up machine 7 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the dual-energy compressor 1 has a circulating working medium channel for heating
  • the nozzle 4 is communicated with the nozzle 3, the nozzle 3 and the circulating working medium channel are communicated with the second nozzle 8 through the regenerator 6, and the second nozzle 8 also has a circulating working medium channel through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and reheating.
  • the heater 6 communicates with the dual-energy compressor 1; the heater 4 also communicates with the outside through a heated medium channel, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 also communicates with the outside through a low-temperature heat medium channel.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the nozzle 3 to depressurize and accelerates, flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat, and flows through the second
  • the nozzle 8 is depressurized and accelerated, flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 and gradually absorbs heat and increases the temperature, and then enters the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure and increase the temperature and decelerate; the heated medium obtains high temperature through the heater 4 Heat load, low-temperature heat medium provides low-temperature heat load through low-temperature heat exchanger 5, and externally provides power to dual-energy compressor 1, forming a new type of recuperative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the expander 2 also has a circulating working medium channel through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and reheating
  • the heat exchanger 6 communicates with the dual-energy compressor 1;
  • the heater 4 also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside;
  • the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside; It can compressor 1 and transmit power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the expansion speed-up machine 7 to depressurize and accelerates, and flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat , flows through the expander 2 to depressurize and perform work, and flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 to gradually absorb heat and raise the temperature, and then enter the dual-energy compressor 1 to raise the pressure and raise the temperature and reduce the speed; the heated medium passes through the heater. 4.
  • the low temperature heat medium provides the low temperature heat load through the low temperature heat exchanger 5, the expander 2, the expansion speed increaser 7 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the dual-energy compressor 1 has a circulating working fluid
  • the channel is communicated with the expansion and speed-up machine 7 through the heater 4, and the expansion and speed-up machine 7 and the circulating working medium channel are communicated with the second expansion and speed-up machine 9 through the regenerator 6, and the second expansion and speed-up machine 9 also has a circulation
  • the working medium channel is communicated with the dual-energy compressor 1 through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6; , the expansion speed-up machine 7 and the second expansion speed-up machine 9 are connected to the dual-energy compressor 1 and transmit power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the expansion speed-up machine 7 to depressurize and accelerates, and flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat , flows through the second expansion speed-up machine 9 to depressurize and increase the speed, and flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 to gradually absorb heat and increase the temperature, and then enter the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure and increase the temperature and reduce the speed;
  • the heated medium obtains the high temperature heat load through the heater 4, the low temperature heat medium provides the low temperature heat load through the low temperature heat exchanger 5, and the expansion speed-up machine 7, the second expansion speed-up machine 9 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1 , forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the device 4 is communicated with the expansion speed-up machine 7, the expansion speed-up machine 7 and the circulating working medium channel are communicated with the nozzle 3 through the regenerator 6, and the nozzle 3 and the circulating working medium channel are passed through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and reheated.
  • the heat exchanger 6 communicates with the dual-energy compressor 1; the heater 4 also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside; and transmit power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the dual-energy compressor 1 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, flows through the expansion speed-up machine 7 to depressurize and accelerates, and flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat , flows through the nozzle 3 to depressurize and increase the speed, and flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 to gradually absorb heat and increase the temperature, and then enter the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure and increase the speed and reduce the speed; the heated medium passes through the heater. 4.
  • the low temperature heat medium provides the low temperature heat load through the low temperature heat exchanger 5, and the expansion speed up machine 7 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1, forming a new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the compressor 10 has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the expander 2 through the heater 4, and expands
  • the compressor 2 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with itself through the regenerator 6, and the expander 2 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the compressor 10 through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6;
  • the heating medium channel communicates with the outside, the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low-temperature heat medium channel communicate with the outside, and the expander 2 is connected to the compressor 10 and transmits power.
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the compressor 10 flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, enters the expander 2 to depressurize the work to a certain extent, and then flows through the regenerator 6 to release heat, enters the expander 2 and continues to reduce Pressure work;
  • the circulating working medium discharged from the expander 2 flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 to gradually absorb heat and raise the temperature, and then enter the compressor 10 to increase the pressure and raise the temperature;
  • the heated medium obtains high-temperature heat through the heater 4
  • the low temperature heat medium provides low temperature heat load through the low temperature heat exchanger 5, and the expander 2 and the outside provide power to the compressor 10, forming a new type of recuperative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the medium channel is communicated with the nozzle 3 through the regenerator 6, and the nozzle 3 and the heated medium channel are communicated with the dual-energy compressor 1 through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6, and the dual-energy compressor 1 is also heated.
  • the medium channel communicates with the outside; the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low-temperature heat medium channel communicate with the outside, and the expander 2 is connected to the dual-energy compressor 1 and transmits power.
  • the external heated medium flows through the expander 2 for decompression and work, flows through the heat exchanger 6 and releases heat, flows through the nozzle 3 for decompression and acceleration, flows through the low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and regenerates heat
  • the compressor 6 gradually absorbs heat and raises the temperature, and flows through the dual-energy compressor 1 to increase the pressure, raise the temperature and reduce the speed, and then discharge to the outside; , the expander 2 and the outside provide power to the dual-energy compressor 1 to form a new type of recuperative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the compressor 6 is communicated with itself, the expander 2 also has a heated medium channel communicated with the compressor 10 through the low temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6, and the compressor 10 also has a heated medium channel communicated with the outside; the low temperature heat exchanger 5 There is also a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside, and the expander 2 is connected to the compressor 10 and transmits power.
  • the external heated medium enters the expander 2 to depressurize the work to a certain degree and then flows through the regenerator 6 to release heat, and enters the expander 2 to continue depressurization and work; the circulating working medium discharged from the expander 2 flows through The low-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the regenerator 6 gradually absorb heat and heat up, flow through the compressor 10 to increase the pressure and heat up, and then discharge to the outside; Low temperature heat load, the expander 2 and the outside provide power to the compressor 10, forming a new type of recuperative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • the channel is communicated with the expander 2 through the heater 4, the expander 2 and the low-temperature heat medium channel are communicated with itself through the regenerator 6, and the expander 2 and the low-temperature heat medium channel are communicated with the outside;
  • the heating medium passage communicates with the outside, and the expander 2 is connected to the compressor 10 and transmits power.
  • the external low-temperature heat medium flows through the regenerator 6 to absorb heat and raise the temperature, flows through the compressor 10 to raise the pressure, flows through the heater 4 and releases heat, and enters the expander 2 to decompress and perform work to a certain extent. It flows through the regenerator 6 and releases heat, and enters the expander 2 to continue to depressurize the work and discharge it to the outside; the heated medium obtains a high temperature heat load through the heater 4, and the low temperature heat medium provides a low temperature heat load through the in and out process, and the expander 2 And the external power is supplied to the compressor 10 to form a new type of recuperative mechanical compression heat pump.
  • Regenerative thermodynamic cycle in line with thermodynamic principles; flexible regenerative parameters (such as pressure), and adjustable regenerative amplitude.
  • the regenerative thermodynamic cycle can effectively reduce the cycle compression ratio, and provide the basic working principle for improving the circulating working medium flow and selecting a large-flow compressor.
  • the new type of regenerative mechanical compression heat pump provides a variety of technical solutions, which is conducive to expanding the application scope of the mechanical compression heat pump and realizing the efficient cold/heat utilization of mechanical energy.

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Abstract

一种回热式热力循环与新型回热机械压缩式热泵，属于热力学与热泵技术领域。回热式热力循环，是指由一定质量的循环工质依序进行的七个过程——自低温热源吸热过程12，自循环工质吸热过程23，升压过程34，向高温热源放热过程45，降压过程56，向循环工质放热过程67，降压过程71——组成的闭合过程；基于回热式热力循环，构建相应的新型回热机械压缩式热泵。

Description

回热式热力循环与新型回热机械压缩式热泵 技术领域：
本发明属于热力学与热动技术领域。
背景技术：
冷需求、热需求和动力需求，为人类生活与生产当中所常见。以气体为循环工质，基于布雷顿逆向循环的机械压缩式热泵，是实现制冷和高效制热的重要手段；其中，常采用回热技术措施以实现深度制冷或降低循环压缩比。不过，在传统的回热式机械压缩式热泵中，其回热过程的吸热侧相对固定，这使得回热参数不够灵活，许多情况下难以保证性能指数的合理化或温差损失最小化。
本发明提供了一种回热参数灵活、适应多种不同工况和性能指数合理化的回热式热力循环；基于新的回热式热力循环，本发明给出了多种具体的新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
发明内容：
本发明主要目的是要提供回热式热力循环与新型回热机械压缩式热泵，具体发明内容分项阐述如下：
1.回热式热力循环，是指由一定质量的循环工质依序进行的七个过程——自低温热源吸热过程12，自循环工质吸热过程23，升压过程34，向高温热源放热过程45，降压过程56，向循环工质放热过程67，降压过程71——组成的闭合过程；其中，过程67的放热满足过程23的吸热。
2.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有循环工质通道经回热器与喷管连通，喷管还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
3.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有循环工质通道经回热器与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机和膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
4.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与喷管连通，喷管还有循环工质通道经回热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
5.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与喷管连通，喷管还有循 环工质通道经回热器与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
6.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、第二喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与喷管连通，喷管还有循环工质通道经回热器与第二喷管连通，第二喷管还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
7.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有循环工质通道经回热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机和膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
8.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、第二膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有循环工质通道经回热器与第二膨胀增速机连通，第二膨胀增速机还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机和第二膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
9.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有循环工质通道经回热器与喷管连通，喷管还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
10.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由压缩机、膨胀机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有循环工质通道经回热器与自身连通，膨胀机还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
11.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有被加热介质通道经回热器与喷管连通，喷管还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
12.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、低温热交 换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有被加热介质通道经回热器与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机和膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
13.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与喷管连通，喷管还有被加热介质通道经回热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
14.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与喷管连通，喷管还有被加热介质通道经回热器与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
15.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、第二喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与喷管连通，喷管还有被加热介质通道经回热器与第二喷管连通，第二喷管还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
16.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有被加热介质通道经回热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机和膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
17.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、第二膨胀增速机、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有被加热介质通道经回热器与第二膨胀增速机连通，第二膨胀增速机还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机和第二膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
18.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀增速机连通，膨胀增速机还有被加热介质通道经回热器与喷管连通，喷管还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与双能压缩机连通，双能压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机连接双能压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
19.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由压缩机、膨胀机、低温热交换器和回热器所组 成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有被加热介质通道经回热器与自身连通，膨胀机还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器和回热器与压缩机连通，压缩机还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
20.新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由压缩机、膨胀机、供热器和回热器所组成；外部有低温热介质通道经回热器与压缩机连通，压缩机还有低温热介质通道经供热器与膨胀机连通，膨胀机还有低温热介质通道经回热器与自身连通，膨胀机还有低温热介质通道与外部连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
附图说明：
图1/13是依据本发明所提供的回热式热力循环原则性流程示例图。
图2/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第1种原则性热力***图。
图3/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第2种原则性热力***图。
图4/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第3种原则性热力***图。
图5/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第4种原则性热力***图。
图6/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第5种原则性热力***图。
图7/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第6种原则性热力***图。
图8/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第7种原则性热力***图。
图9/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第8种原则性热力***图。
图10/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第9种原则性热力***图。
图11/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第10种原则性热力***图。
图12/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第11种原则性热力***图。
图13/13是依据本发明所提供的新型回热机械压缩式热泵第12种原则性热力***图。
图中，1-双能压缩机，2-膨胀机，3-喷管，4-供热器，5-低温热交换器，6-回热器，7-膨胀增速机，8-第二喷管，9-第二膨胀增速机，10-压缩机。
具体实施方式：
首先要说明的是，在结构和流程的表述上，非必要情况下不重复进行；对显而易见的流程不作表述。下面结合附图和实例来详细描述本发明。
图1/13所示T-s图中的回热式热力循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
循环工质进行——自低温热源吸热升温过程12，自循环工质吸热升温过程23，绝热升压过程34，向高温热源放热降温过程45，绝热降压过程56，向循环工质放热降温过程67，绝热降压过程71——共7个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①吸热过程——循环工质进行12过程需要的热量，由低温热源提供；循环工质进行23过程需要的热量，由67放热过程来满足——回热。
②放热过程——循环工质进行45过程的放热，向高温热源释放；循环工质进行67过程的放热，用于满足23过程的吸热需求。
③能量转换过程——循环工质的升压过程34，一般由压缩机或双能压缩机来完成；循环工质的降压膨胀过程56，一般由膨胀机或膨胀增速机或喷管来完成；循环工质的降压膨胀过程71，一般由膨胀机或膨胀增速机或喷管来完成；膨胀释放机械能小于升压消耗机械能，外部机械能提供给压缩机或双能压缩机以完成回热式热力循环。
图2/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有循环工质通道经回热器6与喷管3连通，喷管3还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经膨胀机2降压作功，流经换热器6并放热，流经喷管3降压增速，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图3/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有循环工质通道经回热器6与膨胀增速机7连通，膨胀增速机7还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2和膨胀增速机7连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经膨胀机2降压作功，流经换热器6并放热，流经膨胀增速机7降压作功并增速，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2、膨胀增速机7和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图4/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与喷管3连通，喷管3还有循环工质通道经回热器6与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经喷管3降压增速，流经换热器6并放热，流经膨胀机2降压作功，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图5/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、喷管、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与喷管3连通，喷管3还有循环工质通道经回热器6与膨胀增速机7连通，膨胀增速机7还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机7连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经喷管3降压增速，流经换热器6并放热，流经膨胀增速机7降压作功并增速，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀增速机7和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图6/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、喷管、第二喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与喷管3连通，喷管3还有循环工质通道经回热器6与第二喷管8连通，第二喷管8还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经喷管3降压增速，流经换热器6并放热，流经第二喷管8降压增速，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图7/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与膨胀增速机7连通，膨胀增速机7还有循环工质通道经回热器6与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2和膨胀增速机7连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经膨胀增速机7降压作功并增速，流经换热器6并放热，流经膨胀机2降压作功，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2、膨胀增速机7和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图8/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、第二膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与膨胀增速机7连通，膨胀增速机7还有循环工质通道经回热器6与第二膨胀增速机9连通，第二膨胀增速机9还 有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机7和第二膨胀增速机9连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经膨胀增速机7降压作功并增速，流经换热器6并放热，流经第二膨胀增速机9降压作功并增速，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀增速机7、第二膨胀增速机9和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图9/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、喷管、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器4与膨胀增速机7连通，膨胀增速机7还有循环工质通道经回热器6与喷管3连通，喷管3还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机7连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，双能压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，流经膨胀增速机7降压作功并增速，流经换热器6并放热，流经喷管3降压增速，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入双能压缩机1升压升温并降速；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀增速机7和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图10/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、膨胀机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；压缩机10有循环工质通道经供热器4与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有循环工质通道经回热器6与自身连通，膨胀机2还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与压缩机10连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2连接压缩机10并传输动力。
(2)流程上，压缩机10排放的循环工质流经供热器4并放热，进入膨胀机2降压作功至一定程度之后流经回热器6放热，进入膨胀机2继续降压作功；膨胀机2排放的循环工质流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，之后进入压缩机10升压升温；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2和外部向压缩机10提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图11/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有被加热介质通道经回热器6与喷管3连通，喷管3还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与双能压缩机1连通，双能压缩机1还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2连接双能压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，外部被加热介质流经膨胀机2降压作功，流经换热器6并放热，流经喷管3 降压增速，流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，流经双能压缩机1升压升温并降速，之后对外排放；被加热介质通过进出流程获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2和外部向双能压缩机1提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图12/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、膨胀机、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有被加热介质通道经回热器6与自身连通，膨胀机2还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器5和回热器6与压缩机10连通，压缩机10还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器5还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2连接压缩机10并传输动力。
(2)流程上，外部被加热介质进入膨胀机2降压作功至一定程度之后流经回热器6放热，进入膨胀机2继续降压作功；膨胀机2排放的循环工质流经低温热交换器5和回热器6逐步吸热并升温，流经压缩机10升压升温，之后对外排放；被加热介质通过进出流程获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过低温热交换器5提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2和外部向压缩机10提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
图13/13所示的新型回热机械压缩式热泵是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、膨胀机、供热器和回热器所组成；外部有低温热介质通道经回热器6与压缩机10连通，压缩机10还有低温热介质通道经供热器4与膨胀机2连通，膨胀机2还有低温热介质通道经回热器6与自身连通，膨胀机2还有低温热介质通道与外部连通；供热器4还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机2连接压缩机10并传输动力。
(2)流程上，外部低温热介质流经回热器6吸热升温，流经压缩机10升压升温，流经供热器4并放热，进入膨胀机2降压作功至一定程度之后流经回热器6并放热，进入膨胀机2继续降压作功并对外排放；被加热介质通过供热器4获得高温热负荷，低温热介质通过进出流程提供低温热负荷，膨胀机2和外部向压缩机10提供动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
本发明技术可以实现的效果——本发明所提出的回热式热力循环与新型回热机械压缩式热泵，具有如下效果和优势：
(1)回热式热力循环，符合热力学原理；回热参数(如压力)灵活，回热幅度可调。
(2)回热式热力循环，不同热源温差下有相应且适合的回热幅度，保持合理的性能指数。
(3)回热式热力循环，有效降低循环压缩比，为提高循环工质流量和选用大流量压气机提供基本工作原理。
(4)新型回热机械压缩式热泵，实现深度制冷或高温供热，实现和扩展能源合理利用。
(5)新型回热机械压缩式热泵，提供多种技术方案，有利于扩展机械压缩式热泵的应用范围，实现机械能的高效冷/热利用。

Claims (20)

  1. 回热式热力循环，是指由一定质量的循环工质依序进行的七个过程——自低温热源吸热过程12，自循环工质吸热过程23，升压过程34，向高温热源放热过程45，降压过程56，向循环工质放热过程67，降压过程71——组成的闭合过程；其中，过程67的放热满足过程23的吸热。
  2. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  3. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)和膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  4. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  5. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  6. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、第二喷管、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与第二喷管(8)连通，第二喷管(8)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  7. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨 胀机(2)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)和膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  8. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、第二膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与第二膨胀增速机(9)连通，第二膨胀增速机(9)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机(7)和第二膨胀增速机(9)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  9. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、膨胀增速机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；双能压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  10. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由压缩机、膨胀机、供热器、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；压缩机(10)有循环工质通道经供热器(4)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有循环工质通道经回热器(6)与自身连通，膨胀机(2)还有循环工质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与压缩机(10)连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)连接压缩机(10)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  11. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  12. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)和膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  13. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5) 和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  14. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  15. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、喷管、第二喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与第二喷管(8)连通，第二喷管(8)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  16. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀机、膨胀增速机、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)和膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  17. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、第二膨胀增速机、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与第二膨胀增速机(9)连通，第二膨胀增速机(9)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机(7)和第二膨胀增速机(9)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  18. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由双能压缩机、膨胀增速机、喷管、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀增速机(7)连通，膨胀增速机(7)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与喷管(3)连通，喷管(3)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与双能压缩机(1)连通，双能压缩机(1)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀增速机(7)连接双能压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  19. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由压缩机、膨胀机、低温热交换器和回热器所组成；外部有被加热介质通道与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有被加热介质通道经回热器(6)与自身连通，膨胀机(2)还有被加热介质通道经低温热交换器(5)和回热器(6)与压缩机(10)连通，压缩机(10)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通；低温热交换器(5) 还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)连接压缩机(10)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
  20. 新型回热机械压缩式热泵，主要由压缩机、膨胀机、供热器和回热器所组成；外部有低温热介质通道经回热器(6)与压缩机(10)连通，压缩机(10)还有低温热介质通道经供热器(4)与膨胀机(2)连通，膨胀机(2)还有低温热介质通道经回热器(6)与自身连通，膨胀机(2)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通；供热器(4)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(2)连接压缩机(10)并传输动力，形成新型回热机械压缩式热泵。
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