WO2022057843A1 - Mobile straw torrefaction and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method and device - Google Patents

Mobile straw torrefaction and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057843A1
WO2022057843A1 PCT/CN2021/118630 CN2021118630W WO2022057843A1 WO 2022057843 A1 WO2022057843 A1 WO 2022057843A1 CN 2021118630 W CN2021118630 W CN 2021118630W WO 2022057843 A1 WO2022057843 A1 WO 2022057843A1
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carbonization
straw
chamber
air distribution
carbonization chamber
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PCT/CN2021/118630
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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姚宗路
赵立欣
谢腾
贾吉秀
霍丽丽
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中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所
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Priority to CA3161409A priority Critical patent/CA3161409C/en
Publication of WO2022057843A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057843A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of straw utilization, and in particular relates to a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method and equipment.
  • Too much straw returning to the field may cause the proliferation of microorganisms, and the microorganisms compete with plants for water, resulting in crop yield reduction; straw returning increases soil looseness and reduces seeds. The probability of contact with soil, resulting in difficulty in seedling emergence; in addition, the return of straw to the field is likely to lead to the occurrence of pests and diseases.
  • biochar has positive effects on soil physicochemical properties and nutrients, as well as on crop yield and quality.
  • the application of biochar into soil can improve soil structure, enhance fertilizer storage and water retention capacity, increase soil nutrient content, and promote plant mycorrhizal growth, thereby improving crop yield and quality.
  • Combustion of straw to the field can also avoid the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and improve the utilization efficiency of some nutrients in the straw.
  • the in-depth study of straw carbonization technology has a positive effect on agricultural development and comprehensive utilization of straw resources.
  • the straw carbonization equipment is mainly fixed, but the stationary straw carbonization equipment is less convenient, resulting in low efficiency of the straw carbonization returning to the field.
  • the straw carbonization equipment in the prior art does not sufficiently pyrolyze or combust biomass such as straw, which often leads to the production of a large amount of pollutants such as tar during the combustion process, causing damage to the environment.
  • the above-mentioned unfavorable factors hinder the popularization and application of straw carbonization technology.
  • the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method to solve the problem of in-situ returning straw.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning special equipment, so as to efficiently realize the in-situ returning method of the present invention.
  • a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method which includes the following steps: straw collection, roasting storage material, sealing feeding, carbonization and rotary tillage returning to the field.
  • the method adopts mobile straw roasting and Special equipment for carbonization, the special equipment includes a straw collection system, a baking storage system, a sealed feeding system and a carbonization system that are connected in sequence, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • A. Straw collection The straw collection system pulverizes and transports the straw to the baking storage system during the moving process, and the carbonization system burns the volatile matter to produce flue gas to bake the straw in the baking storage system;
  • the straw collection system is connected with a power system that can drive the entire movement of the special equipment, and the straw collection system is fixedly connected to the carbonization system through the sealed feeding system.
  • the rear end of the carbonization system is further connected with a rotary tillage system, which can realize rotary tillage while producing carbon, and complete the full mixing of the straw carbonization product and the soil.
  • the carbonization system includes an inner carbonization chamber, a volatile combustion chamber and an outer carbonization chamber arranged from the inside out, the inner carbonization chamber is communicated with the discharge port of the sealed feeding system, and the outer carbonization chamber is
  • the top is provided with a carbonization system feed port; the side end of the outer carbonization chamber is provided with a primary air distribution pipe and a secondary air distribution pipe.
  • the air distribution pipe passes through the outer carbonization chamber and the volatile combustion chamber in sequence.
  • An ignition port is arranged below the outer carbonization chamber.
  • the upper end of the outer carbonization chamber is provided with a carbonization system flue gas outlet, which is used to return the system flue gas to the baking material storage system.
  • roller grate at the bottom of the inner carbonization chamber, a heating rod running through the inner carbonization chamber, the volatile combustion chamber and the outer carbonization chamber is arranged directly above the roller grate, and a pyrolysis gas return pipe is arranged on the outside of the outer carbonization chamber. , the pyrolysis gas return pipe is communicated with the secondary air distribution pipe.
  • both the primary air distribution pipe and the secondary air distribution pipe are provided with ventilation holes to improve the air distribution effect.
  • the roller grate is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth for crushing the ash produced by combustion.
  • a vibration device is provided on the carbonization system, which is used to periodically provide reciprocating vibration force to the carbon outlet to prevent coke from sticking and agglomerating on the inner wall of the equipment, so as to facilitate the discharge of carbonized products.
  • the straw in order to achieve more sufficient combustion of the straw, in the step C, the straw enters the carbonization system in two ways, one way enters the inner carbonization chamber through the sealed feeding system, and the other enters the carbonization system through the feed port.
  • the outer carbonization chamber The outer carbonization chamber; the straw enters the inner carbonization chamber, and a large amount of volatile matter is generated by combustion after primary air distribution; the volatile matter generated by combustion enters the volatile matter combustion chamber, and is fully burned through the secondary air distribution; the heat generated by the combustion of the volatile matter combustion chamber is used for
  • the straw is carbonized in the outer carbonization chamber, and the pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization in the outer carbonization chamber enters the volatile combustion chamber through the pyrolysis gas return pipe with the secondary air distribution for combustion;
  • the pipe is transported to the surface of the land, and after being rotated by the rotary tillage system, the ash, biochar and soil are evenly mixed.
  • the temperature of the outer layer of the storage material of the baking material storage system is controlled to be 180-220°C.
  • the heating rod when the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber is lower than 400°C, the heating rod is heated to ensure that the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber is not lower than 400°C.
  • the present invention also provides a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning special equipment, the overall structure of which is shown in Figure 2, including a straw collecting system (2), a roasting storage system (3), The feeding system (4) and the carbonization system (5) are sealed; the straw collecting system (2) is connected with a power system (1) that can drive the entire movement of the special equipment, and the straw collecting system (2) passes through the The sealed feeding system (4) is fixedly connected to the carbonization system (5);
  • the carbonization system (5) includes an inner carbonization chamber (501), a volatile combustion chamber (510) and an outer carbonization chamber (503), which are arranged from the inside out, and the inner carbonization chamber (501) ) is communicated with the discharge port of the sealed feeding system (4), and the top of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a carbonization system feed port (502); the side end of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a primary air distribution pipe ( 505) and the secondary air distribution pipe (512), the primary air distribution pipe (505) passes through the outer carbonization chamber (503), the volatile combustion chamber (510) and the inner carbonization chamber (501) in turn, and the secondary air distribution pipe ( 512) Pass through the outer carbonization chamber (503) and the volatile combustion chamber (510) in turn, an ignition port (508) is arranged below the outer carbonization chamber (503), and the upper end of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a system that can return the flue gas of the system.
  • an ignition port (508) is arranged below the outer carbonization
  • the bottom of the inner carbonization chamber (501) is provided with a roller grate (516), and directly above the roller grate (515) is provided with a through inner carbonization
  • the heating rod (507) of the chamber (501), the volatile combustion chamber (510) and the outer carbonization chamber (503), the outer side of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a pyrolysis gas return pipe (511), and the pyrolysis gas return pipe ( 511) is communicated with the secondary air distribution pipe (512).
  • the rear end of the carbonization system (5) is further connected with a rotary tillage system (6), which can realize rotary tillage at the same time of charcoal output, and complete the sufficient carbonization product and soil. mix.
  • both the primary air distribution pipe (505) and the secondary air distribution pipe (512) are provided with ventilation holes (504) to improve the air distribution effect.
  • the roller grate (516) is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth (517) for crushing the ash produced by combustion.
  • the carbonization system (5) is also provided with a vibration device (509), which is used to periodically provide a reciprocating vibration force for the coke outlet to prevent coke from sticking and agglomerating in the equipment.
  • a vibration device 509
  • Inner wall in order to facilitate the discharge of carbonized products.
  • the present invention integrates the collection, pulverization, baking, carbonization and returning of the straw into one, and can be integrated and continuous in the process of moving in the farmland, realizes the in-situ baking and carbonization of the straw, and makes up for the direct return of the straw. Disadvantages of returning fields.
  • the method of the present invention adopts a carbonization system with a specific structure.
  • the carbonization system includes a combustion chamber (inner carbonization chamber), an independent volatile combustion chamber and a carbonization chamber (outer carbonization chamber). Combustion produces volatile matter. Since the material occupies most of the space in the combustion chamber, part of the volatile matter is burned in the inner carbonization chamber, while most of the volatile matter is fully burned in the independent volatile combustion chamber. There are two stages of volatile combustion, and the full combustion of volatiles reduces the production of tar and other pollutants during the combustion process.
  • the method of the present invention also rationally utilizes the gaseous products (such as tar, water vapor, small-molecule combustible gas, hydrocarbons, etc.) in the carbonization stage through the structure of the carbonization system, and burns them into the outer carbonization chamber and the baking storage material. System heating.
  • gaseous products such as tar, water vapor, small-molecule combustible gas, hydrocarbons, etc.
  • the main elements of pyrolysis tar are C and H, and the calorific value can reach 30MJ /kg, with high energy density.
  • the invention realizes the energy utilization of the pyrolysis tar in the carbonization process, which not only solves the pollution problem of the tar, but also improves the energy utilization efficiency of the carbonization system. Therefore, the method of the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, low cost, less pollutant generation, etc., and is more suitable for field mobile carbonization in-situ returning to the field.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for in-situ returning to the field for mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the special equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the carbonization system of the special equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side sectional structural schematic diagram of the carbonization system of the special equipment according to the present invention.
  • the straw collection system 2 pulverizes and transports the straw scattered on the farmland to the roasting storage system 3 during the moving process.
  • the straw is roasted to reduce the moisture and oxygen content, which is conducive to the combustion and carbonization of the straw.
  • the baking storage system 3 is connected to the carbonization system 5 through the sealing feeding system 4, and the straw in the baking storage system 3 enters the sealing feeding system 4;
  • the roasted straw enters the carbonization system 5 in two ways, one way enters the inner carbonization chamber 501 through the sealed feeding system 4, and the other enters the outer carbonization chamber 503 through the carbonization system feed port 502.
  • the special equipment includes a straw collection system 2, a baking storage system 3, a sealed feeding system 4 and a carbonization system 5 connected in sequence.
  • the straw collection system 2 is connected with a power system 1, and the straw collection system 2 passes through
  • the sealed feeding system 4 is fixed on the carbonization system 5 , and the rear end of the carbonization system 5 is connected with a rotary tillage system 6 .
  • the carbonization system 5 includes an inner carbonization chamber 501, a volatile combustion chamber 510, an outer carbonization chamber 503, a primary air distribution pipe 505, a secondary air distribution pipe 512, and an inner carbonization chamber.
  • 501 communicates with the discharge port of the sealed feeding system 4
  • the top of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with a carbonization system feed port 502
  • the side end of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with a primary air distribution pipe 505 and a secondary air distribution pipe 512
  • the primary air distribution pipe 505 passes through the outer carbonization chamber 503, the volatile combustion chamber 510 and the inner carbonization chamber 501 in sequence
  • the secondary air distribution pipe 512 passes through the outer carbonization chamber 503 and the volatile combustion chamber 510 in sequence.
  • the upper end of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with a flue gas outlet 519 that can return the system flue gas to the carbonization system of the baking material storage system, and the bottom of the inner carbonization chamber 501 is provided with a roller grate 516 .
  • roller grate 516 directly above the roller grate 516 is a heating rod 507 that penetrates through the inner carbonization chamber 501 , the volatile combustion chamber 510 and the outer carbonization chamber 503 , and the outer side of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with pyrolysis gas reflux
  • the pipe 511 and the pyrolysis gas return pipe 511 communicate with the secondary air distribution pipe 512 .
  • Both the primary air distribution pipe 505 and the secondary air distribution pipe 512 are provided with ventilation holes 504 .
  • the roller grate 516 is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth 517 .
  • the carbonization system 5 is provided with a vibration device 509 .
  • step C the baked straw enters the carbonization system 5 in two ways, one enters the inner carbonization chamber 501 through the sealed feeding system 4, and the other enters the outer carbonization chamber 503 through the carbonization system feed port 502; the straw enters the inner carbonization chamber 501
  • the combustion reaction is mainly carried out.
  • the oxygen comes from the primary air distribution fan 506 , the primary air distribution fan 506 is connected with the primary air distribution pipe 505 , and the secondary air distribution fan 513 is connected with the secondary air distribution pipe 512 .
  • the volatile matter produced by the combustion enters the volatile matter combustion chamber 510, and is fully burned through the secondary air distribution.
  • the heat generated by the combustion of the volatile combustion chamber 510 is used for the carbonization of straw in the outer carbonization chamber 503, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization of the outer carbonization chamber 503 enters the volatile combustion chamber 510 for combustion through the pyrolysis gas return pipe 511 along with the secondary air distribution.
  • the ash residue produced by combustion and the biochar produced by carbonization are discharged from the system through the ash residue outlet 514 and the pyrolysis carbon outlet 515 respectively, and then transported to the land surface through the charcoal discharge pipe 518. After being rotated by the rotary tillage system, the ash residue and biochar Mix evenly with soil.
  • the rotary tillage system uses existing products.
  • step A the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized to bake the straw in the baking material storage system 3, and the temperature of the outer layer of the baking material storage system 3 is 200°C.
  • step C when the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber 501 is lower than 400°C, the heating rod 507 is heated to ensure that the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber 501 is not lower than 400°C.

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Abstract

Disclosed is a mobile straw torrefaction and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method, comprising the following steps: straw collection, torrefaction and material storage, sealed feeding, carbonization, and rotary tillage and returning. The method uses a straw collection system, a torrefaction and material storage system, a sealed feeding system, and a carbonization system which are sequentially connected. The present invention further provides a special device for the method. According to the method and device of the present invention, the mobile collection, crushing, torrefaction, carbonization, and returning of straw are integrated into a whole, so that torrefaction, carbonization, and in-situ returning of straw are achieved, and disadvantages such as difficult thorough decomposition and induction of pests and diseases due to the direct returning of straw to the field are overcome; moreover, the direct returning of biochar to the field can facilitate the improvement of the structure of soil and functions as a slow-release fertilizer. In addition, pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization enters a volatile component combustion chamber again for combustion, so that cyclic utilization of the pyrolysis gas is achieved, and pollution caused by tar emission is also reduced.

Description

一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法及设备A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method and equipment 技术领域technical field
本发明属于秸秆利用领域，具体涉及一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法及设备。The invention belongs to the field of straw utilization, and in particular relates to a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method and equipment.
背景技术Background technique
秸秆综合利用是农业发展的重要内容，是现代农业产业技术体系的重要发展方向。近年来，国家提倡秸秆还田，对于秸秆综合利用有一定促进作用。秸秆还田技术作为秸秆利用最为方便简洁的方式之一，已经比较成熟，主要分为秸秆粉碎深翻还田、秸秆覆盖还田、堆腐还田、焚烧还田以及过腹还田等技术，不仅能有效减少其焚烧带来的污染，还能够改善土壤有机质含量、改善土壤容重、紧实度、温度孔隙度含水率等。但秸秆还田也存在一定缺点，秸秆还田后难以分解，过多的秸秆还田可能会引起微生物大量繁殖，微生物与植物竞争水分，导致作物减产；秸秆还田增大土壤疏松性，减少种子和土壤接触几率，从而导致出苗困难；此外，秸秆还田容易导致病虫害发生。Comprehensive utilization of straw is an important part of agricultural development and an important development direction of modern agricultural industrial technology system. In recent years, the country has advocated the return of straw to the field, which has a certain role in promoting the comprehensive utilization of straw. As one of the most convenient and concise ways of straw utilization, straw returning technology has been relatively mature. It is mainly divided into straw crushing and deep ploughing, straw mulching, composting, burning and belly returning. It can not only effectively reduce the pollution caused by its incineration, but also improve the soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, compactness, temperature porosity and moisture content. However, straw returning also has certain disadvantages. It is difficult to decompose after returning straw to the field. Too much straw returning to the field may cause the proliferation of microorganisms, and the microorganisms compete with plants for water, resulting in crop yield reduction; straw returning increases soil looseness and reduces seeds. The probability of contact with soil, resulting in difficulty in seedling emergence; in addition, the return of straw to the field is likely to lead to the occurrence of pests and diseases.
目前，学者们对于秸秆炭化还田技术的大量研究发现秸秆炭化还田可有效避免过量秸秆还田带来的负面影响。具体来说，生物炭对土壤的理化性质和养分、以及对作物产量和品质都有积极的影响。生物炭施入土壤可改善土壤结构、增强蓄肥保水能力、提高土壤养分含量、促进植物菌根生长，进而能提高作物产量和品质。秸秆燃烧还田还可避免病虫害的发生，提高秸秆中部分营养元素的利用效率。At present, scholars have carried out a large number of studies on the straw carbonization technology and found that straw carbonization can effectively avoid the negative effects of excessive straw returning. Specifically, biochar has positive effects on soil physicochemical properties and nutrients, as well as on crop yield and quality. The application of biochar into soil can improve soil structure, enhance fertilizer storage and water retention capacity, increase soil nutrient content, and promote plant mycorrhizal growth, thereby improving crop yield and quality. Combustion of straw to the field can also avoid the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and improve the utilization efficiency of some nutrients in the straw.
对于农业大国来说，深入研究秸秆炭化还田技术对农业发展和秸秆资源综合利用有着积极的作用。现有技术中，秸秆炭化设备以固定式为主，但固定式秸秆炭化设备便捷程度低，造成秸秆炭化就地还田效率低下。此外，现有技术中的秸秆炭化设备对秸秆等生物质的热解或燃烧不够充分，往往导致燃烧过程种焦油等污染物的大量生成，对环境造成破坏。以上多方面的不利因素阻碍了秸秆炭化还田技术的推广应用。For large agricultural countries, the in-depth study of straw carbonization technology has a positive effect on agricultural development and comprehensive utilization of straw resources. In the prior art, the straw carbonization equipment is mainly fixed, but the stationary straw carbonization equipment is less convenient, resulting in low efficiency of the straw carbonization returning to the field. In addition, the straw carbonization equipment in the prior art does not sufficiently pyrolyze or combust biomass such as straw, which often leads to the production of a large amount of pollutants such as tar during the combustion process, causing damage to the environment. The above-mentioned unfavorable factors hinder the popularization and application of straw carbonization technology.
因此，有必要研发适用于秸秆就地炭化还田的、对环境更加友好的移动式秸秆炭化装置及相应的秸秆炭化还田方法。Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more environmentally friendly mobile straw carbonization device suitable for in situ carbonization of straw and the corresponding method of straw carbonization.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的首要目的是提供一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，以解决秸秆就地还田的问题。The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method to solve the problem of in-situ returning straw.
本发明另一个目的是提供一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田专用设备，以高效实现本发明所述的原位还田方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning special equipment, so as to efficiently realize the in-situ returning method of the present invention.
本发明技术方案如下：The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
首先，提供一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，包括如下步骤：秸秆收集、烘焙储料、密封进料、炭化和旋耕还田，所述的方法采用移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化专用设备，所述的专用设备包括依次连接的秸秆收集***、烘焙储料***、密封进料***和炭化***，所述的各步骤具体如下：First, a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method is provided, which includes the following steps: straw collection, roasting storage material, sealing feeding, carbonization and rotary tillage returning to the field. The method adopts mobile straw roasting and Special equipment for carbonization, the special equipment includes a straw collection system, a baking storage system, a sealed feeding system and a carbonization system that are connected in sequence, and the specific steps are as follows:
A、秸秆收集：秸秆收集***在移动过程中将秸秆粉碎并运输到烘焙储料***，炭化***燃烧挥发分产生烟气对烘焙储料***内秸秆进行烘焙；A. Straw collection: The straw collection system pulverizes and transports the straw to the baking storage system during the moving process, and the carbonization system burns the volatile matter to produce flue gas to bake the straw in the baking storage system;
B、密封进料：烘焙储料***中的秸秆进入密封进料***；B. Sealed feeding: the straw in the baking storage system enters the sealed feeding system;
C、炭化：密封进料***中的秸秆进入炭化***炭化。C. Carbonization: The straw in the sealed feeding system enters the carbonization system for carbonization.
进一步的，所述秸秆收集***连接有可带动所述专用设备整体移动的动力***，所述秸秆收集***通过所述密封进料***固定连接所述炭化***。Further, the straw collection system is connected with a power system that can drive the entire movement of the special equipment, and the straw collection system is fixedly connected to the carbonization system through the sealed feeding system.
本发明优选的方案中，所述的炭化***后端进一步连接有旋耕***，可实现出炭的同时进行旋耕，完成秸秆炭化产物与土壤的充分混合。In a preferred solution of the present invention, the rear end of the carbonization system is further connected with a rotary tillage system, which can realize rotary tillage while producing carbon, and complete the full mixing of the straw carbonization product and the soil.
本发明进一步优选的方案中，所述炭化***包括由内而外设置的内炭化室、挥发分燃烧室和外炭化室，内炭化室与密封进料***的出料口相通，外炭化室的顶部设有炭化***进料口；外炭化室的侧端设有一次布风管和二次布风管，一次布风管依次穿过外炭化室、挥发分燃烧室和内炭化室，二次布风管依次穿过外炭化室和挥发分燃烧室，外炭化室下方设有点火口，外炭化室的上端设有炭化***烟气出口，用于让***烟气回流至所述烘焙储料***，内炭化室的底部设有滚子炉排，在滚子炉排正上方设有贯穿内炭化室、挥发分燃烧室和外炭化室的加热棒，外炭化室外侧设有热解气回流管，热解气回流管与二次布风管连通。In a further preferred solution of the present invention, the carbonization system includes an inner carbonization chamber, a volatile combustion chamber and an outer carbonization chamber arranged from the inside out, the inner carbonization chamber is communicated with the discharge port of the sealed feeding system, and the outer carbonization chamber is The top is provided with a carbonization system feed port; the side end of the outer carbonization chamber is provided with a primary air distribution pipe and a secondary air distribution pipe. The air distribution pipe passes through the outer carbonization chamber and the volatile combustion chamber in sequence. An ignition port is arranged below the outer carbonization chamber. The upper end of the outer carbonization chamber is provided with a carbonization system flue gas outlet, which is used to return the system flue gas to the baking material storage system. , There is a roller grate at the bottom of the inner carbonization chamber, a heating rod running through the inner carbonization chamber, the volatile combustion chamber and the outer carbonization chamber is arranged directly above the roller grate, and a pyrolysis gas return pipe is arranged on the outside of the outer carbonization chamber. , the pyrolysis gas return pipe is communicated with the secondary air distribution pipe.
本发明进一步优选的方案中，所述一次布风管和二次布风管上均设有通气孔，以改善布风效果。In a further preferred solution of the present invention, both the primary air distribution pipe and the secondary air distribution pipe are provided with ventilation holes to improve the air distribution effect.
本发明进一步优选的方案中，所述滚子炉排上设有相对转动的滚齿，用于破碎燃烧产生 的灰渣。In a further preferred solution of the present invention, the roller grate is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth for crushing the ash produced by combustion.
本发明进一步优选的方案中，所述炭化***上设有振动装置，用于定期为出炭口提供往复振动力，防止焦炭黏结、团聚在设备内壁，以利于炭化后产物的排出。In a further preferred solution of the present invention, a vibration device is provided on the carbonization system, which is used to periodically provide reciprocating vibration force to the carbon outlet to prevent coke from sticking and agglomerating on the inner wall of the equipment, so as to facilitate the discharge of carbonized products.
本发明进一步优选的方案中，为了使秸秆实现更加充分的燃烧，所述步骤C中秸秆分两路进入炭化***，一路经密封进料***进入内炭化室，另一路经炭化***进料口进入外炭化室；秸秆进入内炭化室，经一次布风，燃烧产生大量挥发分；燃烧产生的挥发分进入挥发分燃烧室，经二次布风进行充分燃烧；挥发分燃烧室燃烧产生的热量用于外炭化室秸秆炭化，外炭化室炭化产生的热解气经过热解气回流管伴随二次布风进入挥发分燃烧室进行燃烧；燃烧产生的灰渣、炭化产生的生物炭分别经过排料管输送到土地表面，经旋耕***旋耕之后，灰渣、生物炭和土壤均匀混合。In a further preferred solution of the present invention, in order to achieve more sufficient combustion of the straw, in the step C, the straw enters the carbonization system in two ways, one way enters the inner carbonization chamber through the sealed feeding system, and the other enters the carbonization system through the feed port. The outer carbonization chamber; the straw enters the inner carbonization chamber, and a large amount of volatile matter is generated by combustion after primary air distribution; the volatile matter generated by combustion enters the volatile matter combustion chamber, and is fully burned through the secondary air distribution; the heat generated by the combustion of the volatile matter combustion chamber is used for The straw is carbonized in the outer carbonization chamber, and the pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization in the outer carbonization chamber enters the volatile combustion chamber through the pyrolysis gas return pipe with the secondary air distribution for combustion; The pipe is transported to the surface of the land, and after being rotated by the rotary tillage system, the ash, biochar and soil are evenly mixed.
本发明进一步优选的方案中，控制所述烘焙储料***的储料室外层温度为180-220℃。In a further preferred solution of the present invention, the temperature of the outer layer of the storage material of the baking material storage system is controlled to be 180-220°C.
本发明进一步优选的方案中，内炭化室温度低于400℃时加热棒进行加热，保证内炭化室温度不低于400℃。In a further preferred solution of the present invention, when the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber is lower than 400°C, the heating rod is heated to ensure that the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber is not lower than 400°C.
此外，本发明还提供一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田专用设备，其整体结构如图2所示，包括依次连接的秸秆收集***(2)、烘焙储料***(3)、密封进料***(4)和炭化***(5)；所述秸秆收集***(2)连接有可带动所述专用设备整体移动的动力***(1)，所述秸秆收集***(2)通过所述密封进料***(4)固定连接炭化***(5)；In addition, the present invention also provides a mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning special equipment, the overall structure of which is shown in Figure 2, including a straw collecting system (2), a roasting storage system (3), The feeding system (4) and the carbonization system (5) are sealed; the straw collecting system (2) is connected with a power system (1) that can drive the entire movement of the special equipment, and the straw collecting system (2) passes through the The sealed feeding system (4) is fixedly connected to the carbonization system (5);
所述炭化***(5)，如图3、4所示，包括由内而外设置的内炭化室(501)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和外炭化室(503)，内炭化室(501)与密封进料***(4)的出料口相通，外炭化室(503)的顶部设有炭化***进料口(502)；外炭化室(503)的侧端设有一次布风管(505)和二次布风管(512)，一次布风管(505)依次穿过外炭化室(503)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和内炭化室(501)，二次布风管(512)依次穿过外炭化室(503)和挥发分燃烧室(510)，外炭化室(503)下方设有点火口(508)，外炭化室(503)的上端设有可以使***烟气回流至所述烘焙储料***的炭化***烟气出口(519)，内炭化室(501)的底部设有滚子炉排(516)，在滚子炉排(515)正上方设有贯穿内炭化室(501)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和外炭化室(503)的加热棒(507)，外炭化室(503)外侧设有热解气回流管(511)，热解气回流管(511)与二次布风管(512)连通。The carbonization system (5), as shown in Figures 3 and 4, includes an inner carbonization chamber (501), a volatile combustion chamber (510) and an outer carbonization chamber (503), which are arranged from the inside out, and the inner carbonization chamber (501) ) is communicated with the discharge port of the sealed feeding system (4), and the top of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a carbonization system feed port (502); the side end of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a primary air distribution pipe ( 505) and the secondary air distribution pipe (512), the primary air distribution pipe (505) passes through the outer carbonization chamber (503), the volatile combustion chamber (510) and the inner carbonization chamber (501) in turn, and the secondary air distribution pipe ( 512) Pass through the outer carbonization chamber (503) and the volatile combustion chamber (510) in turn, an ignition port (508) is arranged below the outer carbonization chamber (503), and the upper end of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a system that can return the flue gas of the system. To the carbonization system flue gas outlet (519) of the baking material storage system, the bottom of the inner carbonization chamber (501) is provided with a roller grate (516), and directly above the roller grate (515) is provided with a through inner carbonization The heating rod (507) of the chamber (501), the volatile combustion chamber (510) and the outer carbonization chamber (503), the outer side of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a pyrolysis gas return pipe (511), and the pyrolysis gas return pipe ( 511) is communicated with the secondary air distribution pipe (512).
本发明优选的专用设备中，如图2所示，所述炭化***(5)后端进一步连接有旋耕***(6)，可实现出炭的同时进行旋耕，完成炭化产物与土壤的充分混合。In the preferred special equipment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 , the rear end of the carbonization system (5) is further connected with a rotary tillage system (6), which can realize rotary tillage at the same time of charcoal output, and complete the sufficient carbonization product and soil. mix.
本发明优选的专用设备中，如图4所示，所述一次布风管(505)和二次布风管(512)上均设有通气孔(504)，以改善布风效果。In the preferred special equipment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 , both the primary air distribution pipe (505) and the secondary air distribution pipe (512) are provided with ventilation holes (504) to improve the air distribution effect.
本发明优选的专用设备中，如图3所示，所述滚子炉排(516)上设有相对转动的滚齿(517)，用于破碎燃烧产生的灰渣。In the preferred special equipment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 , the roller grate (516) is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth (517) for crushing the ash produced by combustion.
本发明优选的专用设备中，如图4所示，所述炭化***(5)还上设有振动装置(509)，用于定期为出炭口提供往复振动力，防止焦炭黏结、团聚在设备内壁，以利于炭化后产物的排出。In the preferred special equipment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 , the carbonization system (5) is also provided with a vibration device (509), which is used to periodically provide a reciprocating vibration force for the coke outlet to prevent coke from sticking and agglomerating in the equipment. Inner wall, in order to facilitate the discharge of carbonized products.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果主要体现在以下几方面：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1)本发明将秸秆的收集、粉碎、烘焙、炭化及还田融为一体，并可以在农田中移动的过程中一体化连续进行，实现了秸秆烘焙-炭化原位还田，弥补了秸秆直接还田的弊端。(1) The present invention integrates the collection, pulverization, baking, carbonization and returning of the straw into one, and can be integrated and continuous in the process of moving in the farmland, realizes the in-situ baking and carbonization of the straw, and makes up for the direct return of the straw. Disadvantages of returning fields.
(2)本发明的方法采用了特定结构的炭化***，所述炭化***包括燃烧室(内炭化室)、独立的挥发分燃烧室和炭化室(外炭化室)，物料在内炭化室内经闷烧产生挥发分，由于物料占据燃烧室大部分空间，故部分挥发分在内炭化室燃烧，而大部分挥发分在独立的挥发分燃烧室充分燃烧，由此将秸秆的燃烧分为一次燃烧和挥发分燃烧两个阶段，挥发分的充分燃烧减少了燃烧过程种焦油等污染物的产生。同时，热解或不充分燃烧过程中产生的少量气态热解焦油，会依次经过热解气回流管、二次布风管，再次进入挥发分燃烧室进行燃烧，挥发分燃烧室温度在550℃～650℃左右，能够保证焦油的充分燃烧，外炭化室热解产生的热解气也可随二次布风进入挥发分燃烧室进行燃烧。由此，挥发分、气态热解焦油和热解气都能够实现充分燃烧，减少了燃烧阶段焦油等污染物的产生，显著提高了燃烧效率。另一方面，本发明的方法还通过炭化***的结构合理利用了炭化阶段气态产物(如焦油、水蒸气、小分子可燃气、烃类等)，使其燃烧为外层炭化室以及烘焙储料***供热。(2) The method of the present invention adopts a carbonization system with a specific structure. The carbonization system includes a combustion chamber (inner carbonization chamber), an independent volatile combustion chamber and a carbonization chamber (outer carbonization chamber). Combustion produces volatile matter. Since the material occupies most of the space in the combustion chamber, part of the volatile matter is burned in the inner carbonization chamber, while most of the volatile matter is fully burned in the independent volatile combustion chamber. There are two stages of volatile combustion, and the full combustion of volatiles reduces the production of tar and other pollutants during the combustion process. At the same time, a small amount of gaseous pyrolysis tar produced in the process of pyrolysis or insufficient combustion will pass through the pyrolysis gas return pipe and the secondary air distribution pipe in turn, and then enter the volatile combustion chamber for combustion again. The temperature of the volatile combustion chamber is 550℃ ~650 ℃, which can ensure the full combustion of tar, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the outer carbonization chamber can also enter the volatile combustion chamber for combustion with the secondary air distribution. As a result, volatile matter, gaseous pyrolysis tar and pyrolysis gas can be fully burned, the generation of pollutants such as tar in the combustion stage is reduced, and the combustion efficiency is significantly improved. On the other hand, the method of the present invention also rationally utilizes the gaseous products (such as tar, water vapor, small-molecule combustible gas, hydrocarbons, etc.) in the carbonization stage through the structure of the carbonization system, and burns them into the outer carbonization chamber and the baking storage material. System heating.
根据文献《生物质热解焦油燃烧试验***设计与试验》(贾吉秀等，农业机械学报2018年12期第341-346页)报道，热解焦油主要元素为C和H，热值可达30MJ/kg，具有较高的能量密度。本发明在炭化过程实现热解焦油的能源化利用，既解决了焦油的污染问题，同时提高了炭化***的能量利用效率。因此，本发明的方法具有工艺简单、成本低廉、污染物 产生少等特点，更适用于田间移动式炭化原位还田。According to the report "Design and Test of Biomass Pyrolysis Tar Combustion Test System" (Jia Jixiu et al., Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2018.12, pp. 341-346), the main elements of pyrolysis tar are C and H, and the calorific value can reach 30MJ /kg, with high energy density. The invention realizes the energy utilization of the pyrolysis tar in the carbonization process, which not only solves the pollution problem of the tar, but also improves the energy utilization efficiency of the carbonization system. Therefore, the method of the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, low cost, less pollutant generation, etc., and is more suitable for field mobile carbonization in-situ returning to the field.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例1所述的移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for in-situ returning to the field for mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图2为本发明所述专用设备的整体结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the special equipment according to the present invention.
图3为本发明所述专用设备的炭化***的正面剖视结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the carbonization system of the special equipment according to the present invention.
图4为本发明所述专用设备的炭化***的侧面剖视结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a side sectional structural schematic diagram of the carbonization system of the special equipment according to the present invention.
附图标记说明如下：The reference numerals are explained as follows:
1-动力***，2-秸秆收集***，3-烘焙储料***，4-密封进料***，5-炭化***，501-内炭化室，502-炭化***进料口，503-外炭化室，504-通气孔，505-一次布风管，506-一次布风机，507-加热棒，508-点火口，509-振动装置，510-挥发分燃烧室，511-热解气回流管，512-二次布风管，513-二次布风机，514-灰渣出口，515-热解炭出口，516-滚子炉排，517-滚齿，518-排炭管，519-炭化***烟气出口，6-旋耕***。1-Power system, 2-Straw collection system, 3-Baking storage system, 4-Sealed feeding system, 5-Carbonization system, 501-Inner carbonization chamber, 502-Carbonization system feed port, 503-Outer carbonization chamber, 504-vent hole, 505-primary air distribution pipe, 506-primary distribution fan, 507-heating rod, 508-ignition port, 509-vibration device, 510-volatile combustion chamber, 511-pyrolysis gas return pipe, 512- Secondary air distribution pipe, 513- Secondary distribution fan, 514- Ash outlet, 515- Pyrolysis carbon outlet, 516- Roller grate, 517- Gear hobbing, 518- Carbon exhaust pipe, 519- Carbonization system flue gas Outlet, 6-rotary tillage system.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can do so without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Similar promotion, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
其次，本发明结合示意图进行详细描述，在详述本发明实施例时，为便于说明，表示装置结构的剖面图会不依一般比例作局部放大，而且所述示意图只是示例，其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外，在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间尺寸。Next, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the convenience of explanation, the sectional views showing the structure of the device will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not be limited here. The scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual production.
以下结合附图对本发明的专用设备的具体结构和工作过程做进一步的描述。The specific structure and working process of the special equipment of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
实施例1.Example 1.
一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，整体工艺流程如图1所示，使用整体结构如图2所示的专用设备，具体步骤如下：A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method, the overall process flow is shown in Figure 1, using special equipment with the overall structure shown in Figure 2, the specific steps are as follows:
A、秸秆收集：A. Straw collection:
设备正常运行时，秸秆收集***2在移动过程中将散落在农田地面的秸秆粉碎并运输到 烘焙储料***3，炭化***5燃烧挥发分，燃烧产生的烟气对烘焙储料***3内的秸秆进行烘焙，使其水分和氧含量减少，有利于秸秆燃烧和炭化的进行。When the equipment is in normal operation, the straw collection system 2 pulverizes and transports the straw scattered on the farmland to the roasting storage system 3 during the moving process. The straw is roasted to reduce the moisture and oxygen content, which is conducive to the combustion and carbonization of the straw.
B、密封进料：烘焙储料***3通过密封进料***4与炭化***5相连，烘焙储料***3中的秸秆进入密封进料***4；B. Sealed feeding: the baking storage system 3 is connected to the carbonization system 5 through the sealing feeding system 4, and the straw in the baking storage system 3 enters the sealing feeding system 4;
C、炭化：烘焙后的秸秆分两路进入炭化***5，一路经密封进料***4进入内炭化室501，另一路经炭化***进料口502进入外炭化室503。C. Carbonization: The roasted straw enters the carbonization system 5 in two ways, one way enters the inner carbonization chamber 501 through the sealed feeding system 4, and the other enters the outer carbonization chamber 503 through the carbonization system feed port 502.
通过文献查阅可知，1kg秸秆从室温加热至600℃需要吸收592KJ热量，1kg秸秆完全燃烧释放热量约15000KJ，考虑到热损失、利用效率等问题，内、外炭化室燃料分配比为1:2，内炭化室燃烧产生热量足以保证外炭化室秸秆炭化。Through literature review, it can be seen that 1kg of straw needs to absorb 592KJ of heat to heat from room temperature to 600°C, and 1kg of straw is completely burned to release heat of about 15,000KJ. The heat generated by the combustion in the inner carbonization chamber is sufficient to ensure the carbonization of the straw in the outer carbonization chamber.
如图2所示，所述专用设备包括依次连接的秸秆收集***2、烘焙储料***3、密封进料***4和炭化***5，秸秆收集***2连接有动力***1，秸秆收集***2通过密封进料***4固定在炭化***5上，炭化***5后端连接有旋耕***6。As shown in Figure 2, the special equipment includes a straw collection system 2, a baking storage system 3, a sealed feeding system 4 and a carbonization system 5 connected in sequence. The straw collection system 2 is connected with a power system 1, and the straw collection system 2 passes through The sealed feeding system 4 is fixed on the carbonization system 5 , and the rear end of the carbonization system 5 is connected with a rotary tillage system 6 .
如图3、4所示，炭化***5包括由内而外设置的内炭化室501、挥发分燃烧室510和外炭化室503，一次布风管505、二次布风管512，内炭化室501与密封进料***4的出料口相通，外炭化室503的顶部设有炭化***进料口502；外炭化室503的侧端设有一次布风管505和二次布风管512，一次布风管505依次穿过外炭化室503、挥发分燃烧室510和内炭化室501，二次布风管512依次穿过外炭化室503和挥发分燃烧室510，外炭化室503下方设有点火口508，外炭化室503的上端设有可以使***烟气回流至所述烘焙储料***炭化***烟气出口519，内炭化室501的底部设有滚子炉排516。As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the carbonization system 5 includes an inner carbonization chamber 501, a volatile combustion chamber 510, an outer carbonization chamber 503, a primary air distribution pipe 505, a secondary air distribution pipe 512, and an inner carbonization chamber. 501 communicates with the discharge port of the sealed feeding system 4, the top of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with a carbonization system feed port 502; the side end of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with a primary air distribution pipe 505 and a secondary air distribution pipe 512, The primary air distribution pipe 505 passes through the outer carbonization chamber 503, the volatile combustion chamber 510 and the inner carbonization chamber 501 in sequence, and the secondary air distribution pipe 512 passes through the outer carbonization chamber 503 and the volatile combustion chamber 510 in sequence. There is an ignition port 508 , the upper end of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with a flue gas outlet 519 that can return the system flue gas to the carbonization system of the baking material storage system, and the bottom of the inner carbonization chamber 501 is provided with a roller grate 516 .
如图3、4所示，在滚子炉排516正上方设有贯穿内炭化室501、挥发分燃烧室510和外炭化室503的加热棒507，外炭化室503外侧设有热解气回流管511，热解气回流管511与二次布风管512连通。一次布风管505和二次布风管512上均设有通气孔504。滚子炉排516上设有相对转动的滚齿517。炭化***5上设有振动装置509。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , directly above the roller grate 516 is a heating rod 507 that penetrates through the inner carbonization chamber 501 , the volatile combustion chamber 510 and the outer carbonization chamber 503 , and the outer side of the outer carbonization chamber 503 is provided with pyrolysis gas reflux The pipe 511 and the pyrolysis gas return pipe 511 communicate with the secondary air distribution pipe 512 . Both the primary air distribution pipe 505 and the secondary air distribution pipe 512 are provided with ventilation holes 504 . The roller grate 516 is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth 517 . The carbonization system 5 is provided with a vibration device 509 .
步骤C中，烘焙后的秸秆分两路进入炭化***5，一路经密封进料***4进入内炭化室501，另一路经炭化***进料口502进入外炭化室503；秸秆进入内炭化室501主要进行燃烧反应，氧气来自一次布风机506，一次布风机506与一次布风管505相连，二次布风机513与二次布风管512相连。In step C, the baked straw enters the carbonization system 5 in two ways, one enters the inner carbonization chamber 501 through the sealed feeding system 4, and the other enters the outer carbonization chamber 503 through the carbonization system feed port 502; the straw enters the inner carbonization chamber 501 The combustion reaction is mainly carried out. The oxygen comes from the primary air distribution fan 506 , the primary air distribution fan 506 is connected with the primary air distribution pipe 505 , and the secondary air distribution fan 513 is connected with the secondary air distribution pipe 512 .
秸秆进入内炭化室501后，经一次布风，燃烧产生大量挥发分。燃烧产生的挥发分进入挥发分燃烧室510，经二次布风进行充分燃烧。挥发分燃烧室510燃烧产生的热量用于外炭化室503的秸秆炭化，外炭化室503炭化产生的热解气经过热解气回流管511伴随二次布风进入挥发分燃烧室510进行燃烧。燃烧产生的灰渣、炭化产生的生物炭分别经过灰渣出口514和热解炭出口515排出***，再经排炭管518输送到土地表面，经旋耕***旋耕之后，灰渣、生物炭和土壤均匀混合。旋耕***采用现有产品。After the straw enters the inner carbonization chamber 501, a large amount of volatile matter is generated by burning through a wind distribution. The volatile matter produced by the combustion enters the volatile matter combustion chamber 510, and is fully burned through the secondary air distribution. The heat generated by the combustion of the volatile combustion chamber 510 is used for the carbonization of straw in the outer carbonization chamber 503, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization of the outer carbonization chamber 503 enters the volatile combustion chamber 510 for combustion through the pyrolysis gas return pipe 511 along with the secondary air distribution. The ash residue produced by combustion and the biochar produced by carbonization are discharged from the system through the ash residue outlet 514 and the pyrolysis carbon outlet 515 respectively, and then transported to the land surface through the charcoal discharge pipe 518. After being rotated by the rotary tillage system, the ash residue and biochar Mix evenly with soil. The rotary tillage system uses existing products.
步骤A中，充分利用烟气余热对烘焙储料***3内秸秆进行烘焙，烘焙储料***3外层温度为200℃。步骤C中，内炭化室501温度低于400℃时加热棒507进行加热，保证内炭化室501温度不低于400℃。In step A, the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized to bake the straw in the baking material storage system 3, and the temperature of the outer layer of the baking material storage system 3 is 200°C. In step C, when the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber 501 is lower than 400°C, the heating rod 507 is heated to ensure that the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber 501 is not lower than 400°C.
以上实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，不用于限制本发明，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的实质和保护范围内，对本发明做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本发明保护范围内。The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent replacements to the present invention within the spirit and protection scope of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent replacements should also be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

  1. 一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：秸秆收集、烘焙储料、密封进料、炭化和旋耕还田，所述的方法采用依次连接的秸秆收集***(2)、烘焙储料***(3)、密封进料***(4)和炭化***(5)；A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: straw collection, roasting storage material, sealing feeding, carbonization and rotary tillage returning to the field, and the method adopts successively connected straw collection a system (2), a baking storage system (3), a sealed feeding system (4) and a carbonization system (5);
    所述炭化***(5)包括由内而外设置的内炭化室(501)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和外炭化室(503)，内炭化室(501)与密封进料***(4)的第三出料口相通，外炭化室(503)的顶部设有炭化***进料口(502)；外炭化室(503)的侧端设有一次布风管(505)和二次布风管(512)，一次布风管(505)依次穿过外炭化室(503)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和内炭化室(501)，二次布风管(512)依次穿过外炭化室(503)和挥发分燃烧室(510)，外炭化室(503)下方设有点火口(508)，外炭化室(503)的上端设有炭化***烟气出口(519)，内炭化室(501)的底部设有滚子炉排(516)，在滚子炉排(515)正上方设有贯穿内炭化室(501)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和外炭化室(503)的加热棒(507)，外炭化室(503)外侧设有热解气回流管(511)，热解气回流管(511)与二次布风管(512)连通；The carbonization system (5) comprises an inner carbonization chamber (501), a volatile combustion chamber (510) and an outer carbonization chamber (503), which are arranged from the inside out, the inner carbonization chamber (501) and a sealed feeding system (4) The top of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a carbonization system feed port (502); the side end of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a primary air distribution pipe (505) and a secondary air distribution Pipe (512), the primary air distribution pipe (505) sequentially passes through the outer carbonization chamber (503), the volatile combustion chamber (510) and the inner carbonization chamber (501), and the secondary air distribution pipe (512) sequentially passes through the outer carbonization chamber (512) A chamber (503) and a volatile combustion chamber (510), an ignition port (508) is arranged below the outer carbonization chamber (503), a carbonization system flue gas outlet (519) is arranged at the upper end of the outer carbonization chamber (503), and the inner carbonization chamber ( 501) is provided with a roller grate (516) at the bottom, and directly above the roller grate (515) is provided with heating through the inner carbonization chamber (501), the volatile combustion chamber (510) and the outer carbonization chamber (503). a rod (507), a pyrolysis gas return pipe (511) is provided outside the outer carbonization chamber (503), and the pyrolysis gas return pipe (511) is communicated with the secondary air distribution pipe (512);
    所述各步骤具体如下：The steps are as follows:
    A、秸秆收集：秸秆收集***将秸秆粉碎并运输到烘焙储料***(3)，炭化***(5)燃烧挥发分，燃烧产生的烟气对储料室内秸秆进行烘焙；A. Straw collection: The straw collection system pulverizes and transports the straw to the baking storage system (3), the carbonization system (5) burns the volatile matter, and the flue gas produced by the combustion bakes the straw in the storage chamber;
    B、密封进料：烘焙储料***(3)中的秸秆进入密封进料***(4)；B. Sealed feeding: the straw in the baking storage system (3) enters the sealed feeding system (4);
    C、炭化：密封进料***(4)中的秸秆进入炭化***(5)炭化。C. Carbonization: the straw in the sealed feeding system (4) enters the carbonization system (5) for carbonization.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于：所述秸秆收集***(2)连接有动力***(1)，秸秆收集***(2)固定在炭化***(5)上，炭化***(5)后端连接有旋耕***(6)。A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw collecting system (2) is connected with a power system (1), and the straw collecting system (2) is fixed on the On the carbonization system (5), a rotary tillage system (6) is connected to the rear end of the carbonization system (5).
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于：所述一次布风管(505)和二次布风管(512)上均设有通气孔(504)。A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method according to claim 1, wherein the primary air distribution pipe (505) and the secondary air distribution pipe (512) are provided with ventilation holes (504).
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于：所述滚子炉排(516)上设有相对转动的滚齿(517)。The mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the roller grate (516) is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth (517).
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于：所述炭化***(5)上设有振动装置(509)。A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method according to claim 4, characterized in that: a vibration device (509) is provided on the carbonization system (5).
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于：所述步骤C中秸秆分两路进入炭化***(5)，一路经密封进料***(4)进入内炭化室(501)，另一路经炭化***进料口(502)进入外炭化室(503)；秸秆进入内炭化室(501)，经一次布风，燃烧产生大量挥发分；内炭化室(501)燃烧产生的挥发分进入挥发分燃烧室(510)，进行二次配风进行充分燃烧；挥发分燃烧室(510)燃烧产生的热量用于外炭化室(501)内秸秆炭化，外炭化室(501)炭化产生的热解气经过热解气回流管(511)伴随二次布风进入挥发分燃烧室(510)进行燃烧；燃烧产生的灰渣、炭化产生的生物炭分别经过排料管输送到土地表面，经旋耕***旋耕之后，灰渣、生物炭和土壤均匀混合。A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step C, the straw enters the carbonization system (5) in two ways, and one way passes through the sealed feeding system (4). ) into the inner carbonization chamber (501), and the other way enters the outer carbonization chamber (503) through the carbonization system feed port (502); the straw enters the inner carbonization chamber (501), and a large amount of volatile matter is generated by the combustion after a primary air distribution; the inner carbonization The volatile matter generated by the combustion of the chamber (501) enters the volatile matter combustion chamber (510), and conducts secondary air distribution for full combustion; the heat generated by the combustion of the volatile matter combustion chamber (510) is used for carbonization of the straw in the outer carbonization chamber (501), The pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization in the outer carbonization chamber (501) enters the volatile combustion chamber (510) through the pyrolysis gas return pipe (511) along with the secondary air distribution for combustion; the ash produced by the combustion and the biochar produced by carbonization pass through The discharge pipe is transported to the surface of the land, and after the rotary tillage system, the ash, biochar and soil are evenly mixed.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于：所述烘焙储料***(3)的储料室外层温度为180-220℃。A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the outer layer of the storage of the roasting and storage system (3) is 180-220°C.
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田方法，其特征在于：内炭化室(501)温度低于400℃时，加热棒(507)进行加热，保证内炭化室(501)温度不低于400℃。A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ returning method according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the temperature of the inner carbonization chamber (501) is lower than 400°C, the heating rod (507) is heated to ensure the inner carbonization The temperature of the chamber (501) is not lower than 400°C.
  9. 一种移动式秸秆烘焙与炭化处理原位还田专用设备，包括依次连接的秸秆收集***(2)、烘焙储料***(3)、密封进料***(4)和炭化***(5)；所述秸秆收集***(2)连接有可带动所述专用设备整体移动的动力***(1)，所述秸秆收集***(2)通过所述密封进料***(4)固定连接炭化***(5)；A mobile straw roasting and carbonization treatment in-situ return-to-field special equipment, comprising a straw collection system (2), a roasting storage system (3), a sealed feeding system (4) and a carbonization system (5) connected in sequence; The straw collection system (2) is connected with a power system (1) that can drive the entire movement of the special equipment, and the straw collection system (2) is fixedly connected to the carbonization system (5) through the sealed feeding system (4);
    所述炭化***(5)包括由内而外设置的内炭化室(501)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和外炭化室(503)，内炭化室(501)与密封进料***(4)的出料口相通，外炭化室(503)的顶部设有炭化***进料口(502)；外炭化室(503)的侧端设有一次布风管(505)和二次布风管(512)，一次布风管(505)依次穿过外炭化室(503)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和内炭化室(501)，二次布风管(512)依次穿过外炭化室(503)和挥发分燃烧室(510)，外炭化室(503)下方设有点火口(508)，外炭化室(503)的上端设有炭化***烟气出口(519)，内炭化室(501)的底部设有滚子炉排(516)，在滚子炉排(515)正上方设有贯穿内炭化室(501)、挥发分燃烧室(510)和外炭化室(503)的加热棒(507)，外炭化室(503)外侧设有热解气回流管(511)，热解气回流管(511)与二次布风管(512)连通。The carbonization system (5) comprises an inner carbonization chamber (501), a volatile combustion chamber (510) and an outer carbonization chamber (503), which are arranged from the inside out, the inner carbonization chamber (501) and a sealed feeding system (4) The discharge port of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a carbonization system feed port (502); the side end of the outer carbonization chamber (503) is provided with a primary air distribution pipe (505) and a secondary air distribution pipe (502). 512), the primary air distribution pipe (505) sequentially passes through the outer carbonization chamber (503), the volatile combustion chamber (510) and the inner carbonization chamber (501), and the secondary air distribution pipe (512) sequentially passes through the outer carbonization chamber (512). 503) and a volatile combustion chamber (510), an ignition port (508) is arranged below the outer carbonization chamber (503), a carbonization system flue gas outlet (519) is arranged at the upper end of the outer carbonization chamber (503), and the inner carbonization chamber (501) There is a roller grate (516) at the bottom of the roller grate, and directly above the roller grate (515) is provided with a heating rod ( 507), a pyrolysis gas return pipe (511) is arranged outside the outer carbonization chamber (503), and the pyrolysis gas return pipe (511) is communicated with the secondary air distribution pipe (512).
  10. 权利要求9所述的专用设备，其特征在于：所述炭化***(5)后端连接有旋耕***(6)。The special equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: the rear end of the carbonization system (5) is connected with a rotary tillage system (6).
  11. 权利要求9所述的专用设备，其特征在于：所述一次布风管(505)和二次布风管(512)上均设有通气孔(504)。The special equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: both the primary air distribution pipe (505) and the secondary air distribution pipe (512) are provided with ventilation holes (504).
  12. 权利要求9所述的专用设备，其特征在于：所述滚子炉排(516)上设有相对转动的滚齿(517)。The special equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: the roller grate (516) is provided with relatively rotating hobbing teeth (517).
  13. 权利要求9所述的专用设备，其特征在于：所述炭化***(5)还上设有振动装置(509)。The special equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: the carbonization system (5) is further provided with a vibration device (509).
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