WO2022056611A1 - Biological reactor system and method for treating effluents - Google Patents
Biological reactor system and method for treating effluents Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022056611A1 WO2022056611A1 PCT/BR2020/050366 BR2020050366W WO2022056611A1 WO 2022056611 A1 WO2022056611 A1 WO 2022056611A1 BR 2020050366 W BR2020050366 W BR 2020050366W WO 2022056611 A1 WO2022056611 A1 WO 2022056611A1
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- drum
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- effluent
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- biological reactor
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/08—Aerobic processes using moving contact bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/14—Activated sludge processes using surface aeration
- C02F3/18—Activated sludge processes using surface aeration the aerator having a horizontal axis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention applies to the field of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, more particularly it refers to a biological reactor system intended for the treatment of effluents.
- the invention provides a means of removing organic matter from industrial effluents and domestic sewage, through the formation of a biofilm layer, rich in aerobic bacteria such as those used in MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) systems.
- the aerobic bacteria of the present invention created through inflated air in discs, degrade organic substances, which are assimilated as food and energy source, through a biological or oxidative process.
- Oxidative process - The oxidation process is a process present in physical/chemical reactions, in which electrons are lost, and the presence of oxygen is mandatory.
- Bioplates Advanced oxidative process It is carried out in systems consisting of parallel plates of high specific surfaces, with self-propelled rotating movements, which allow the growth of biofilm in the system, without the possibility of clogging.
- HDPE Boards High Density Polyethylene It is a product with excellent mechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties, obtained through the polymerization of ethylene at low pressures.
- RAFA Upstream Anaerobic Reactor
- Effluent treatment process that results in the reduction of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins that make up the effluent to be treated, in methane, water and carbon dioxide, and anaerobic bacteria are responsible for the reduction of up to 60% in the level of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand).
- This equipment comprises tubes that rotate, alternately, in contact with the effluent and the atmospheric air. In its rotation cycle, the tube collects atmospheric air as it passes the surface and collects effluent when it comes back into contact with the effluent sheet.
- the microorganisms present in the tubes can oxidize the organic matter present in the effluent and, consequently, promote its cleaning.
- Said equipment consists of a rotating cylindrical cage, filled with a plurality of HDPE tubes, which are wound along the rotating cylindrical cage. Inside these tubes there are bundles of smaller diameter tubes, which have the function of increasing the contact area between the microorganisms and the effluent. [022]
- the equipment described in this patent document is not simple to manufacture, since the positioning of the tubes throughout the cage is very laborious.
- Another difficulty of the object of that patent is related to the distribution of smaller diameter tubes within larger HDPE tubes, which makes their manufacture difficult.
- Said equipment is segmented into several parts, each having a function to achieve the described objective.
- the effluent to be treated passes through said equipment where, at a certain point, it comes into contact with a community of microorganisms that are adhered to large substrate surfaces, or baffles, which are made of natural products such as bamboo stalks. , tree fern, stems among others.
- Another objective is to allow the maintenance of each element to be performed without the need for total equipment stoppage.
- Yet another objective is to provide that the equipment can be easily assembled and dismantled at the treatment plant location, simplifying its installation at another location.
- Another objective is to enable the implementation of larger amounts of biological reactors, due to the fact that said equipment has lower implementation and maintenance costs.
- Yet another objective is to provide a method that simplifies the operation of the biological reactor.
- Another objective is to facilitate the maintenance of said reactor, eliminating the need for complex activities or the entry of an operator inside the rotor so that the maintenance can be carried out.
- Circular lamellar plates provided with concentric undulations on whose surface bacteria colonies are adhered, said plates having a central hole for mounting on a shaft, said plates being stacked forming a drum-shaped reactor structure that is installed partially immersed in a body of water;
- Relief capture channels forming elongated shells, arranged along the periphery of the circular lamellar plates;
- the drum is partially submerged in the effluent of the water body, leaving a portion in contact with atmospheric air.
- the treatment method comprises the sequential contact of the colony of bacteria with a nutrient-rich medium (liquid effluent) alternating with the contact of said colony with oxygen from the atmospheric air.
- said alternation is provided by rotating the drum around its axis.
- said rotation results from the application of tangential forces on the periphery of the drum, where said forces are generated in the drum itself. In other words, there is no mechanical coupling between the drum and external propulsion means.
- the air supply system consists of an apparatus comprising an aeration pump that feeds a set of air conduction pipes, whose outlets are submerged and located below the drum, in an eccentric position with relative to its axis
- the body of water in which there is no current comprises an effluent receiving tank, equipped with a drum support structure.
- said system comprises at least one drum-shaped reactor supported by a pair of parallel ones arranged and provided with anchoring means in the bed of the water body.
- said anchoring means comprise ports supported on said bed as well as cables joining said ports to said floating ones.
- the set formed by the floats and one or more drums is provided with a front railing intended to retain objects and solid materials brought by the current, preventing them from damaging the drums.
- Figure 1 illustrates a disc or lamellar plate in front view, where the concentric circular undulations, the shaft through hole and the capture channels can be seen.
- Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the disc or lamellar plate according to the invention.
- Figure 3 shows an isometric view of the drum-shaped reactor, formed by a plurality of overlapping lamellar plates and crossed by an axis.
- Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the drum-shaped reactor, showing the overlapping lamellar plates, and where you can see the position of details D and E, object of the following two figures.
- Figure 5 shows detail D of Fig. 4, where you can see the overlapping of the plates on a larger scale, and the internal channels between adjacent plates.
- Figure 6 shows detail E of Fig. 4, where the capture channels can be seen in more detail.
- Figure 7 shows a first embodiment of the invention, comprising two floats arranged in parallel, between which the drum-shaped reactors are mounted, as well as the front railing that retains the material brought by the current.
- Figure 8 is an elevation view of the longitudinal section of the set of the previous figure, showing the partially submerged drum-shaped reactors, as well as the current that impacts the capture channels, resulting in a tangential force that makes the drums rotate .
- Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the first embodiment, which is kept in an approximately centralized position between the ports supported on the bed of the watercourse.
- FIG 10 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention, showing a portable system, in which a drum-shaped reactor is installed in a tank containing effluent, as well as the respective air insufflation apparatus.
- a circular lamellar plate 1 where it is possible to visualize the concentric circular undulations 2, the capture channels 3 and also the hole 6 for the passage of the support axis of the set of plates, this plate being formed of HDPE polymer.
- Said capture channels in the approximate shape of an elongated shell are distributed along the periphery of plate 1, and have the function of interacting with the current in case the system is installed in a watercourse where there is current.
- said channels retain the air coming from the air insufflation apparatus.
- the channels of capture can also function as spacers for the lamellar plates 1 when stacked to form a drum 5.
- Figure 2 shows the lamellar plate seen in section, allowing a better view of the concentric circular undulations 2 present in the lamellar plates 1. These undulations have the function of increasing the adhesion area of the biofilm and favoring the construction of the set.
- the drum 5 is formed by stacking a plurality of lamellar plates 1, which as a whole are crossed by a central support axis 9.
- Fig. 4 illustrates the longitudinal section of the drum or rotor shaped reactor 5 parallel to its axis (not shown), where the capture channels and the circular undulations can be seen, also in section. This figure is divided into two parts, part A on the left showing the separate lamellar plates. Plates stacked and joined together, as in the assembled drum, are shown at right in B.
- Fig. 5 shows the detail D of the arrangement of the lamellar plates showing the undulations 2, in addition to the hole 6 for the passage of the support axis.
- the channels 2a existing between the plates provide an adequate volume for the circulation of the effluent that will feed the bacteria adhered to the surface of the plates.
- Fig. 6 it is possible to view in detail AND the stacking of the equipment's intake channels, where the lamellar plate fittings are designed to minimize labor and material losses. Possible losses, if any, are minimized by the fact that such polymers can be recycled.
- the at least one drum-shaped reactor is partially immersed in the effluent to be treated.
- the proportion immersed is between 30% and 70% of its volume, generally adopting 50%. In the case of places without current, this proportion is between 15% and 30%.
- a layer of biofilm forms on the surface of the lamellar plates.
- a biofilm comprises biological communities with a high degree of organization, where bacteria form structured, coordinated and functional communities. These biological communities are embedded in polymeric matrices produced by themselves, with the formation of a biofilm on the surface of a support material. Aerobic over anaerobic layers can be formed, which favors the development of aerobic autotrophic organisms responsible for the degradation of organic material.
- FIG. 7 exemplifies a first embodiment of the invention in which the system is installed in places with currents, such as rivers and the like.
- This figure shows the set formed by the floats 11 between which the drum-shaped reactors 5 are mounted, as well as the front railing 14 intended to retain objects and other solid materials carried by the current, preventing them from damaging the reactors.
- the channel between said buoys is oriented parallel to the current, being kept in that position by means of the anchorage provided by the poles 12 and traction cables 13.
- Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly, which is maintained in an approximately centered position between the stops 12 resting on the bottom (16) of the bed of the watercourse.
- FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of the invention, where the effluent to be treated is placed in a tank 20 which is provided with a supporting structure 25.
- This embodiment comprises an air insufflation apparatus, composed of an aeration pump 23 that supplies air under pressure to a set of pipes 22 whose outlet ends are immersed and located below and on one side of the rotor 5.
- the air bubbles thus produced are captured by the peripheral channels above these ends, resulting in a differential vertical thrust. which produces the rotation of the drum.
- the energy required for the movement of rotor 5 is only that consumed by the air supply apparatus, without any mechanical coupling to produce such rotation.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a biological reactor system and a method for treating effluents comprising a reactor in the shape of a drum or rotor (5) formed by the juxtaposition of a plurality of circular lamella plates arranged parallel to each other (1) provided with parallel circular corrugations (2) and collecting channels (3) around the periphery of said plates, said drum or rotor (5), which is suspended by a central shaft (9) for rotation, passing through the centres of said plates, being partially submerged in a body of water comprising said effluent, with the above-water portion in contact with the atmospheric air. Said rotation is provided by tangential forces (15) generated on the drum itself, as a result of the interaction of said collecting channels (3) with the current (17) or with the air blown under and on one of the sides of the drum by a blowing device (22, 23).
Description
SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO E MÉTODO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHOD
Campo de Aplicação Application field
[001] A presente invenção se aplica ao campo da Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária, mais particularmente refere-se a um sistema reator biológico destinado ao tratamento de efluentes. [001] The present invention applies to the field of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, more particularly it refers to a biological reactor system intended for the treatment of effluents.
[002] A invenção provê meios de remoção de matéria orgânica de efluentes industriais e de esgotos domésticos, através da formação de uma camada de biofilme, rica em bactérias aeróbias tais como aquelas utilizadas em sistemas tipo MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) [002] The invention provides a means of removing organic matter from industrial effluents and domestic sewage, through the formation of a biofilm layer, rich in aerobic bacteria such as those used in MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) systems.
[003] As bactérias aeróbias da presente invenção, criadas através de ar insuflado em discos, degradam as substâncias orgânicas, que são assimiladas como alimento e fonte de energia, mediante processo biológico ou oxidativo. [003] The aerobic bacteria of the present invention, created through inflated air in discs, degrade organic substances, which are assimilated as food and energy source, through a biological or oxidative process.
[004] Para um melhor entendimento deste relatório descritivo, são apresentadas a seguir, definições de algumas expressões e termos utilizados. [004] For a better understanding of this descriptive report, definitions of some expressions and terms used are presented below.
[005] Processo oxidativo - 0 processo de oxidação é um processo presente em reações físico/químicas, no qual ocorre a perda de elétrons, sendo obrigatória a presença de oxigénio. [005] Oxidative process - The oxidation process is a process present in physical/chemical reactions, in which electrons are lost, and the presence of oxygen is mandatory.
[006] Processo oxidativo avançado (Bioplacas) Realiza-se em sistemas constituídos por placas paralelas de altas superfícies especificas, com movimentos rotativos auto propelidos, que permitem o crescimento de biofilme no sistema, sem possibilidade de entupimentos. [006] Advanced oxidative process (Bioplates) It is carried out in systems consisting of parallel plates of high specific surfaces, with self-propelled rotating movements, which allow the growth of biofilm in the system, without the possibility of clogging.
[007] Placas de PEAD (Polietileno de Alta Densidade) É um produto com excelentes propriedades mecânicas, químicas e hidráulicas, obtido por meio de polimerização do etileno em baixas pressões. [007] HDPE Boards (High Density Polyethylene) It is a product with excellent mechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties, obtained through the polymerization of ethylene at low pressures.
[008] RAFA (Reator Anaeróbio de Fluxo Ascendente) Processo de tratamento de efluentes que resulta na redução dos lipídios,
carboidratos e proteínas que compõem o efluente a ser tratado, em metano, água e gás carbónico, sendo as bactérias anaeróbias as responsáveis pela redução de até 60% do nível de DBO (Demanda Bioquímica de oxigénio). [008] RAFA (Upstream Anaerobic Reactor) Effluent treatment process that results in the reduction of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins that make up the effluent to be treated, in methane, water and carbon dioxide, and anaerobic bacteria are responsible for the reduction of up to 60% in the level of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand).
[009] Gradeamento Processo que ocorre em um sistema de tratamento de efluentes, o qual tem como função evitar a passagem de sólidos indesejados para as etapas de tratamento seguintes, os quais poderiam acabar por comprometer algum equipamento do ciclo de tratamento. [009] Grading Process that occurs in an effluent treatment system, whose function is to prevent the passage of unwanted solids to the following treatment steps, which could end up compromising some equipment in the treatment cycle.
Estado da Técnica State of the Technique
[010] Sistemas de tratamento de efluentes não são novidade no contexto da história. Canalizações e tentativas de tratamento de efluentes já existiam 3000 antes de Cristo. [010] Effluent treatment systems are nothing new in the context of history. Pipelines and attempts to treat effluents already existed 3000 BC.
[011] Porém com o inicio das grandes aglomerações urbanas, como as da Idade Média, aliado à falta de tratamento de efluentes, ocorreram grandes epidemias, com doenças relacionadas à falta de saneamento básico. [011] However, with the beginning of large urban agglomerations, such as those of the Middle Ages, combined with the lack of effluent treatment, great epidemics occurred, with diseases related to the lack of basic sanitation.
[012] Nos últimos anos tem-se buscado, cada vez mais, soluções inteligentes para resolver os problemas ambientais do mundo moderno. [012] In recent years, intelligent solutions have been increasingly sought to solve the environmental problems of the modern world.
[013] A poluição presente em nossas cidades é causada, entre outros motivos, por dejetos de matéria orgânica e ou compostos químicos descartados em leitos de rios. [013] The pollution present in our cities is caused, among other reasons, by organic matter waste and/or chemical compounds discarded in river beds.
[014] 0 esgoto, tanto das indústrias quanto das residências, ainda hoje tem destino incerto sendo, frequentemente, descartado sem qualquer tratamento. [014] Sewage, both from industries and homes, still has an uncertain destination and is often discarded without any treatment.
[015] 0 fato acima mencionado decorre, em geral, da dificuldade de tratamento dos efluentes, seja pela condução dos mesmos até os locais de tratamento, seja pelos elevados custos de produção de dos equipamentos envolvidos.
[016] Em vista desse cenário, é percepção generalizada que há a necessidade de se tratar os efluentes gerados em aglomerados populacionais, o que levou à busca de soluções para tratar efluentes por meio de diferentes tecnologias. [015] The fact mentioned above stems, in general, from the difficulty of treating effluents, either by transporting them to the treatment sites, or by the high production costs of the equipment involved. [016] In view of this scenario, there is a widespread perception that there is a need to treat effluents generated in population clusters, which led to the search for solutions to treat effluents through different technologies.
[017] Os métodos de tratamento de efluentes que utilizam biomassa aderida vêm sendo intensamente pesquisados a partir de meados dos anos 70, quando as organizações previram a necessidade da construção de sistemas mais compactos, menos ruidosos e inodoros. [017] Effluent treatment methods that use adhered biomass have been intensively researched since the mid-70s, when organizations predicted the need to build more compact, less noisy and odorless systems.
[018] Além disso, fez-se necessário desenvolver sistemas de tratamento de fácil implementação, com baixo custo de aquisição e também baixo custo operacional. [018] In addition, it was necessary to develop treatment systems that are easy to implement, with low acquisition cost and also low operating cost.
[019] Já são conhecidas algumas técnicas relacionadas ao problema em questão, como por exemplo, a descrita no documento de patente PI0401612 intitulado "EQUIPAMENTO PARA TRATAMENTO AERÓBICO DE EFLUENTES ORGÂNICOS" o qual revela um equipamento para tratamento de efluentes mediante a utilização de micro- organismos aeróbios. [019] Some techniques related to the problem in question are already known, such as the one described in patent document PI0401612 entitled "EQUIPMENT FOR AEROBIC TREATMENT OF ORGANIC EFFLUENTS" which reveals an equipment for the treatment of effluents through the use of micro- aerobic organisms.
[020] Esse equipamento compreende tubos que giram, alternadamente, em contato com o efluente e com o ar atmosférico. Em seu ciclo de rotação, o tubo coleta o ar atmosférico quando passa pela superfície e coleta o efluente quando entra novamente em contato com a lâmina de efluente. Assim, os microrganismos presentes nos tubos podem efetuar a oxidação da matéria orgânica presente no efluente e, por consequência, promover sua limpeza. [020] This equipment comprises tubes that rotate, alternately, in contact with the effluent and the atmospheric air. In its rotation cycle, the tube collects atmospheric air as it passes the surface and collects effluent when it comes back into contact with the effluent sheet. Thus, the microorganisms present in the tubes can oxidize the organic matter present in the effluent and, consequently, promote its cleaning.
[021] Dito equipamento é composto por uma gaiola cilíndrica giratória, preenchida por uma pluralidade de tubos de PEAD, que são enrolados ao longo da gaiola cilíndrica giratória. Dentro destes tubos existem feixes de tubos de menor diâmetro, os quais têm a função de aumentar a área de contato entre os microrganismos e o efluente.
[022] Todavia, o equipamento descrito nesse documento de patente não é simples de ser fabricado, visto que o posicionamento dos tubos ao longo de toda a gaiola é muito trabalhoso. [021] Said equipment consists of a rotating cylindrical cage, filled with a plurality of HDPE tubes, which are wound along the rotating cylindrical cage. Inside these tubes there are bundles of smaller diameter tubes, which have the function of increasing the contact area between the microorganisms and the effluent. [022] However, the equipment described in this patent document is not simple to manufacture, since the positioning of the tubes throughout the cage is very laborious.
[023] Outra dificuldade do objeto da referida patente está relacionada com a distribuição dos tubos de menor diâmetro dentro dos tubos maiores de PEAD, o que dificulta sua fabricação . [023] Another difficulty of the object of that patent is related to the distribution of smaller diameter tubes within larger HDPE tubes, which makes their manufacture difficult.
[024] Ainda outra dificuldade inerente a esse equipamento refere-se à sua manutenção, uma vez que, durante o seu funcionamento, ocorre a retenção de efluente dentro das tubulações, tornando o conjunto muito pesado para ser removido quando necessária sua manutenção. [024] Yet another difficulty inherent to this equipment refers to its maintenance, since, during its operation, effluent is retained inside the pipes, making the set too heavy to be removed when maintenance is required.
[025] Outra deficiência refere-se às restrições do aumento da área de contato provido pela adição dos tubos de menor diâmetro dentro do tubo de PEAD, inerentes ao processo construtivo do equipamento . [025] Another deficiency refers to the restrictions of increasing the contact area provided by the addition of smaller diameter tubes inside the HDPE tube, inherent to the equipment construction process.
[026] Ainda outra deficiência é que este equipamento tem alto custo de fabricação, pelo fato de ser feito de dois materiais distintos, a saber, o aço inoxidável e o polímero PEAD. [026] Yet another deficiency is that this equipment has a high manufacturing cost, due to the fact that it is made of two different materials, namely, stainless steel and HDPE polymer.
[027] Outra deficiência está relacionada aos sistemas rotativos auto propelidos, compostos de tubos concêntricos de PEAD, que não permitem paralizações no seu funcionamento para manutenções preventivas ou mesmo manutenções corretivas. [027] Another deficiency is related to self-propelled rotating systems, composed of concentric HDPE tubes, which do not allow stoppages in their operation for preventive maintenance or even corrective maintenance.
[028] Além disto, é necessário o esvaziamento de todos os tubos do equipamento, simultaneamente a um esvaziamento manual em todos os elementos biodrum. [028] In addition, it is necessary to empty all the tubes of the equipment, simultaneously with a manual emptying in all the biodrum elements.
[029] Finalmente há ainda o fato de que a operação de içamento do equipamento causa danos à estrutura, por não ser possível seu completo esvaziamento. [029] Finally, there is also the fact that the lifting operation of the equipment causes damage to the structure, as it is not possible to completely empty it.
[030] 0 documento de patente WO2015/048863 intitulado "ESTAÇÃO[030] Patent document WO2015/048863 entitled "STATION
DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DOMÉSTICOS E COMERCIAIS CONTENDO MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA" revela um equipamento que tem por objetivo
proporcionar um processo natural de biodegradação de matéria orgânica e eliminação de microrganismos. FOR TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL EFFLUENTS CONTAINING ORGANIC MATTER" reveals an equipment that aims to provide a natural process of biodegradation of organic matter and elimination of microorganisms.
[031] Dito equipamento é segmentado em diversas partes, tendo, cada uma, uma função para alcançar o objetivo descrito. Assim, o efluente que se deseja tratar passa por pelo dito equipamento onde, em determinado ponto, entra em contato com uma comunidade de microrganismos que estão aderidos em grandes superfícies de substrato, ou chicanas, que, são feitas de produtos naturais como colmos de bambu, xaxim, caules entre outros. [031] Said equipment is segmented into several parts, each having a function to achieve the described objective. Thus, the effluent to be treated passes through said equipment where, at a certain point, it comes into contact with a community of microorganisms that are adhered to large substrate surfaces, or baffles, which are made of natural products such as bamboo stalks. , tree fern, stems among others.
[032] Entretanto, a solução revelada neste documento, embora sirva para atingir o objetivo proposto, apresenta limitações no quesito portabilidade, dado que o equipamento é fixo. Outra limitação, ainda relacionada à portabilidade é o fato de a manutenção exigir a entrada de um profissional no interior do equipamento . [032] However, the solution revealed in this document, although it serves to achieve the proposed objective, has limitations in terms of portability, since the equipment is fixed. Another limitation, still related to portability, is the fact that maintenance requires the entry of a professional inside the equipment .
[033] Outra desvantagem é a quantidade de estruturas presentes para realizar o objetivo explicitado. Pode-se perceber que além de um grande invólucro segmentado, há a necessidade de entrada de água limpa, requerendo assim, grande desnível entre o equipamento e a fonte de água, ou uma bomba de água. [033] Another disadvantage is the amount of structures present to accomplish the stated objective. It can be seen that in addition to a large segmented enclosure, there is a need for clean water inlet, thus requiring a large gap between the equipment and the water source, or a water pump.
Objetivos da Invenção Objectives of the Invention
[034] Em vista do exposto, constitui um primeiro objetivo da invenção dispensar os mecanismos/elementos existentes nos reatores do estado da técnica, tais como motores e engrenagens que trabalham dentro dos efluentes, cuja manutenção é problemática exigindo precauções especiais para garantir a segurança do trabalho. [034] In view of the foregoing, it is a first objective of the invention to dispense with the mechanisms/elements existing in state-of-the-art reactors, such as motors and gears that work inside the effluents, whose maintenance is problematic requiring special precautions to guarantee the safety of the work.
[035] Outro objetivo é permitir que a manutenção de cada elemento seja executada sem a necessidade de paralização total do equipamento.
[036] Ainda outro objetivo e prover que o equipamento seja facilmente montado e desmontado no local da estação de tratamento, simplificando a sua instalação em outro local. [035] Another objective is to allow the maintenance of each element to be performed without the need for total equipment stoppage. [036] Yet another objective is to provide that the equipment can be easily assembled and dismantled at the treatment plant location, simplifying its installation at another location.
[037] Outro objetivo consiste em viabilizar a implantação maiores quantidades de reatores biológicos, devido ao fato de dito equipamento ter menores custos de implantação e manutenção. [037] Another objective is to enable the implementation of larger amounts of biological reactors, due to the fact that said equipment has lower implementation and maintenance costs.
[038] Ainda outro objetivo é prover um método que simplifique a operação do reator biológico. [038] Yet another objective is to provide a method that simplifies the operation of the biological reactor.
[039] Finalmente outro objetivo consiste em facilitar a manutenção do dito reator, dispensando a necessidade de atividades complexas ou a entrada de um operador dentro do rotor para que a manutenção possa ser realizada. [039] Finally, another objective is to facilitate the maintenance of said reactor, eliminating the need for complex activities or the entry of an operator inside the rotor so that the maintenance can be carried out.
Descrição Geral da Invenção General Description of the Invention
[040] Os objetivos acima são atingidos pela invenção mediante o provimento de um sistema reator biológico e método de tratamento de efluentes compreendendo: [040] The above objectives are achieved by the invention by providing a biological reactor system and effluent treatment method comprising:
[041] Placas lamelares circulares providas de ondulações concêntricas em cuja superfície são aderidas colónias de bactérias, ditas placas tendo um furo central para montagem em um eixo, sendo ditas placas empilhadas formando uma estrutura de reator em forma de tambor que é instalado parcialmente imerso em um corpo d'água; [041] Circular lamellar plates provided with concentric undulations on whose surface bacteria colonies are adhered, said plates having a central hole for mounting on a shaft, said plates being stacked forming a drum-shaped reactor structure that is installed partially immersed in a body of water;
[042] Canaletas de captação em relevo formando conchas alongadas, dispostas ao longo da periferia das placas lamelares circulares; [042] Relief capture channels forming elongated shells, arranged along the periphery of the circular lamellar plates;
[043] Estrutura portante do (s) reator (es) em forma de tambor (es). [043] Bearing structure of the reactor(s) in the form of a drum(s).
[044] De acordo com outra caracteristica da invenção, dito tambor é parcialmente submerso no efluente do corpo d'água, ficando emersa uma porção em contato com o ar atmosférico.
[045] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, o método de tratamento compreende o contato sequencial da colónia de bactérias com um meio rico em nutrientes (efluente líquido) alternado com o contato de dita colónia com o oxigénio do ar atmosférico. [044] According to another feature of the invention, said drum is partially submerged in the effluent of the water body, leaving a portion in contact with atmospheric air. [045] According to another feature of the invention, the treatment method comprises the sequential contact of the colony of bacteria with a nutrient-rich medium (liquid effluent) alternating with the contact of said colony with oxygen from the atmospheric air.
[046] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, dita alternância é provida pela rotação do tambor em torno de seu eixo. [046] According to another feature of the invention, said alternation is provided by rotating the drum around its axis.
[047] De acordo com outra característica da invenção dita rotação decorre da aplicação de forças tangenciais na periferia do tambor, onde ditas forças são geradas no próprio tambor. Em outras palavras, inexiste qualquer acoplamento mecânico entre o tambor e meios de propulsão externos. [047] According to another feature of the invention, said rotation results from the application of tangential forces on the periphery of the drum, where said forces are generated in the drum itself. In other words, there is no mechanical coupling between the drum and external propulsion means.
[048] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, no caso de corpos d'água em que há correnteza, ditas forças tangenciais decorrem da pressão dinâmica da correnteza contra ditas canaletas de captação. [048] According to another feature of the invention, in the case of water bodies where there is current, said tangential forces arise from the dynamic pressure of the current against said capture channels.
[049] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, no caso de corpos d'água em que inexiste correnteza, ditas forças tangenciais decorrem da retenção, pelas ditas canaletas, do ar insuflado sob pressão abaixo do tambor em posição deslocada do seu eixo. [049] According to another characteristic of the invention, in the case of bodies of water where there is no current, said tangential forces arise from the retention, by said channels, of the air inflated under pressure below the drum in a position displaced from its axis.
[050] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, o sistema de insuflamento de ar consiste de um aparato compreendendo uma bomba aeradora que alimenta um conjunto de tubulações de condução do ar, cujas saídas estão submersas e situadas abaixo do tambor, em posição excêntrica com relação ao seu eixo [050] According to another feature of the invention, the air supply system consists of an apparatus comprising an aeration pump that feeds a set of air conduction pipes, whose outlets are submerged and located below the drum, in an eccentric position with relative to its axis
[051] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, o corpo d'água em que inexiste correnteza, compreende um tanque receptor de efluente, dotado de uma estrutura de suporte do tambor. [051] According to another feature of the invention, the body of water in which there is no current, comprises an effluent receiving tank, equipped with a drum support structure.
[052] De acordo cm outra característica da invenção, dito sistema compreende pelo menos um reator em forma tambor
sustentado por um par de paralelamente dispostos e providos de meios de ancoragem no leito do corpo d'água. [052] According to another feature of the invention, said system comprises at least one drum-shaped reactor supported by a pair of parallel ones arranged and provided with anchoring means in the bed of the water body.
[053] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, ditos meios de ancoragem compreendem poitas apoiadas no dito leito bem como cabos unindo ditas poitas aos ditos flutuantes. [053] According to another feature of the invention, said anchoring means comprise ports supported on said bed as well as cables joining said ports to said floating ones.
[054] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, o conjunto formado pelos flutuantes e um ou mais tambores está provido de um gradeamento frontal destinado a reter objetos e materiais sólidos trazidos pela correnteza, evitando que estes possam danificar os tambores. [054] According to another feature of the invention, the set formed by the floats and one or more drums is provided with a front railing intended to retain objects and solid materials brought by the current, preventing them from damaging the drums.
Descrição das Figuras Description of Figures
[055] A invenção será melhor compreendida através da descrição de um concretizações preferidas, não limitativas, e das figuras que a elas se referem, em que: [055] The invention will be better understood through the description of a preferred, non-limiting embodiments, and the figures that refer thereto, in which:
[056] A figura 1 ilustra um disco ou placa lamelar em vista frontal, podendo ser visualizadas as ondulações circulares concêntricas, a furação de passagem do eixo e as canaletas de captação. [056] Figure 1 illustrates a disc or lamellar plate in front view, where the concentric circular undulations, the shaft through hole and the capture channels can be seen.
[057] A figura 2 mostra uma vista em corte do disco ou placa lamelar de acordo com a invenção. [057] Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the disc or lamellar plate according to the invention.
[058] A figura 3 exibe uma vista isométrica do reator em forma de tambor, formado por uma pluralidade de placas lamelares sobrepostas e atravessadas por um eixo. [058] Figure 3 shows an isometric view of the drum-shaped reactor, formed by a plurality of overlapping lamellar plates and crossed by an axis.
[059] A figura 4 é um corte longitudinal do reator em forma de tambor, mostrando as placas lamelares sobrepostas, e onde se pode ver a posição dos detalhes D e E, objeto das duas figuras seguintes. [059] Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the drum-shaped reactor, showing the overlapping lamellar plates, and where you can see the position of details D and E, object of the following two figures.
[060] A figura 5 mostra o detalhe D da Fig. 4, onde se nota a sobreposição das placas em escala ampliada, e os canais internos entre placas adjacentes.
[061] A figura 6 mostra o detalhe E da Fig. 4, onde se pode observar, em mais detalhe, as canaletas de captação. [060] Figure 5 shows detail D of Fig. 4, where you can see the overlapping of the plates on a larger scale, and the internal channels between adjacent plates. [061] Figure 6 shows detail E of Fig. 4, where the capture channels can be seen in more detail.
[062] A figura 7 mostra uma primeira concretização da invenção, compreendendo dois flutuantes paralelamente dispostos, entre os quais estão montados os reatores em forma de tambor, bem como o gradeamento frontal que retém o material trazido pela correnteza. [062] Figure 7 shows a first embodiment of the invention, comprising two floats arranged in parallel, between which the drum-shaped reactors are mounted, as well as the front railing that retains the material brought by the current.
[063] A figura 8 é uma vista em elevação do corte longitudinal do conjunto da figura anterior, mostrando os reatores em forma de tambor parcialmente submersos, bem como a correnteza que impacta nas canaletas de captação, resultando uma força tangencial que faz girar os tambores. [063] Figure 8 is an elevation view of the longitudinal section of the set of the previous figure, showing the partially submerged drum-shaped reactors, as well as the current that impacts the capture channels, resulting in a tangential force that makes the drums rotate .
[064] A figura 9 é uma vista em corte transversal do conjunto da primeira concretização, o qual é mantido em posição aproximadamente centralizada entre as poitas apoiadas no leito do curso d'água. [064] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the first embodiment, which is kept in an approximately centralized position between the ports supported on the bed of the watercourse.
[065] A figura 10 é uma vista em perspectiva de uma segunda concretização da invenção, mostrando um sistema portátil, em que um reator em forma de tambor é instalado num tanque contendo efluente, bem como o respectivo aparato de insuflação de ar. [065] Figure 10 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention, showing a portable system, in which a drum-shaped reactor is installed in a tank containing effluent, as well as the respective air insufflation apparatus.
Descrição Detalhada da Invenção Detailed Description of the Invention
[066] De acordo com a Fig. 1, é mostrada uma placa lamelar circular 1 onde é possível visualizar as ondulações circulares concêntricas 2, as canaletas de captação 3 e também a furação 6 de passagem do eixo de sustentação do conjunto de placas, sendo esta placa formada de polímero PEAD. Ditas canaletas de captação em forma aproximada de concha alongada, encontram-se distribuídas ao longo da periferia da placa 1, e têm a função de interagir com a correnteza no caso do sistema estar instalado num curso d'água onde há correnteza. No caso da segunda concretização da invenção, ditas canaletas retém o ar proveniente do aparato de insuflação de ar. As canaletas de
captação podem ainda ter a função de espaçadores das placas lamelares 1 quando empilhadas de modo a formar um tambor 5. [066] According to Fig. 1, a circular lamellar plate 1 is shown where it is possible to visualize the concentric circular undulations 2, the capture channels 3 and also the hole 6 for the passage of the support axis of the set of plates, this plate being formed of HDPE polymer. Said capture channels in the approximate shape of an elongated shell, are distributed along the periphery of plate 1, and have the function of interacting with the current in case the system is installed in a watercourse where there is current. In the case of the second embodiment of the invention, said channels retain the air coming from the air insufflation apparatus. the channels of capture can also function as spacers for the lamellar plates 1 when stacked to form a drum 5.
[067] A figura 2 mostra a placa lamelar vista em corte, permitindo visualizar melhor as ondulações circulares concêntricas 2 presentes nas placas lamelares 1. Ditas ondulações têm a função de aumentar a área de adesão do biofilme e favorecer a construção do conjunto. [067] Figure 2 shows the lamellar plate seen in section, allowing a better view of the concentric circular undulations 2 present in the lamellar plates 1. These undulations have the function of increasing the adhesion area of the biofilm and favoring the construction of the set.
[068] De acordo com a Fig. 3 observa-se que o tambor 5 é formado pelo empilhamento de uma pluralidade de placas lamelares 1, que no seu conjunto são atravessadas por um eixo central de sustentação 9. [068] According to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the drum 5 is formed by stacking a plurality of lamellar plates 1, which as a whole are crossed by a central support axis 9.
[069] A Fig. 4 ilustra o corte longitudinal do reator em forma de tambor ou rotor 5 paralelamente ao seu eixo (não ilustrado), onde podem ser vistas, também em corte, as canaletas de captação e as ondulações circulares. Essa figura está dividida em duas partes, a parte A na esquerda mostrando as placas lamelares separadas. As placas empilhadas e unidas entre si, tal como ocorre no tambor montado, são mostradas à direita em B. [069] Fig. 4 illustrates the longitudinal section of the drum or rotor shaped reactor 5 parallel to its axis (not shown), where the capture channels and the circular undulations can be seen, also in section. This figure is divided into two parts, part A on the left showing the separate lamellar plates. Plates stacked and joined together, as in the assembled drum, are shown at right in B.
[070] A Fig. 5 mostra o detalhe D da disposição das placas lamelares exibindo as ondulações 2, além da furação 6 para passagem do eixo de sustentação. Os canais 2a existentes entre as placas proporcionam um volume adequado para a circulação do efluente que irá alimentar as bactérias aderidas à superfície das placas. [070] Fig. 5 shows the detail D of the arrangement of the lamellar plates showing the undulations 2, in addition to the hole 6 for the passage of the support axis. The channels 2a existing between the plates provide an adequate volume for the circulation of the effluent that will feed the bacteria adhered to the surface of the plates.
[071] Na Fig. 6 é possível visualizar em detalhe E o empilhamento das canaletas de captação do equipamento, onde os encaixes das placas lamelares são projetados para minimizar a mão de obra e as perdas de materiais. As possíveis perdas, se ocorrerem, são minimizadas pelo fato de que tais polímeros podem ser reciclados. [071] In Fig. 6 it is possible to view in detail AND the stacking of the equipment's intake channels, where the lamellar plate fittings are designed to minimize labor and material losses. Possible losses, if any, are minimized by the fact that such polymers can be recycled.
[072] De acordo com a invenção, o método pode ser resumido como descrito a seguir.
[073] 0, pelo menos um, reator em forma de tambor é parcialmente imerso no efluente a ser tratado. No caso de sistemas instalados em locais com correnteza, a proporção imersa fica entre 30% e 70% do seu volume, adotando-se geralmente 50%. No caso de locais sem correnteza, tal proporção fica compreendida entre 15% e 30%. [072] According to the invention, the method can be summarized as described below. [073] The at least one drum-shaped reactor is partially immersed in the effluent to be treated. In the case of systems installed in places with current, the proportion immersed is between 30% and 70% of its volume, generally adopting 50%. In the case of places without current, this proportion is between 15% and 30%.
[074] Estando o tambor parcialmente imerso, como acima descrito, e provida a rotação do mesmo, forma-se uma camada de biofilme na superfície das placas lamelares. Tal biofilme compreende comunidades biológicas com um elevado grau de organização, onde as bactérias formam comunidades estruturadas, coordenadas e funcionais. Estas comunidades biológicas encontram-se embebidas em matrizes poliméricas produzidas por elas próprias, com a formação do biofilme na superfície de um material suporte. Camadas aeróbias sobre anaeróbias podem ser formadas, o que favorece o desenvolvimento dos organismos autotróficos aeróbios responsáveis pela degradação do material orgânico. [074] With the drum partially immersed, as described above, and provided for its rotation, a layer of biofilm forms on the surface of the lamellar plates. Such a biofilm comprises biological communities with a high degree of organization, where bacteria form structured, coordinated and functional communities. These biological communities are embedded in polymeric matrices produced by themselves, with the formation of a biofilm on the surface of a support material. Aerobic over anaerobic layers can be formed, which favors the development of aerobic autotrophic organisms responsible for the degradation of organic material.
[075] A Fig. 7 exemplifica uma primeira concretização da invenção em que o sistema está instalado em locais com correnteza, tais como rios e assemelhados. Essa figura mostra o conjunto formado pelos flutuantes 11 entre os quais estão montados os reatores em forma de tambor 5, bem como o gradeamento frontal 14 destinado a reter objetos e outros materiais sólidos trazidos pela correnteza, evitando que estes possam danificar os reatores. 0 canal entre ditos flutuantes está orientado paralelamente à correnteza, sendo mantido nessa posição por meio da ancoragem provida pelas poitas 12 e cabos de tração 13. [075] Fig. 7 exemplifies a first embodiment of the invention in which the system is installed in places with currents, such as rivers and the like. This figure shows the set formed by the floats 11 between which the drum-shaped reactors 5 are mounted, as well as the front railing 14 intended to retain objects and other solid materials carried by the current, preventing them from damaging the reactors. The channel between said buoys is oriented parallel to the current, being kept in that position by means of the anchorage provided by the poles 12 and traction cables 13.
[076] Na vista em elevação da Fig. 8, que mostra o corte longitudinal do sistema, observa-se que os reatores 5 estão parcialmente submersos (no caso, com 50% acima da superfície da água N.A.). Segundo mostra a figura, a correnteza 17 impacta nas canaletas de captação alongadas 3, num efeito similar ao de uma roda d'água, produzindo forças tangenciais 15 que provêm a rotação dos tambores 5. Adicionalmente, quando acima do nível
d'água, ditas canaletas 3 exercem a função adicional de captar o ar atmosférico, encaminhando-o aos canais 2a (detalhados na Fig. 6) entre as ondulações 2, provendo destarte o contato das bactérias aeróbias com o oxigénio do ar atmosférico. [076] In the elevation view of Fig. 8, which shows the longitudinal section of the system, it is observed that the reactors 5 are partially submerged (in this case, with 50% above the surface of the NA water). As shown in the figure, the current 17 impacts the elongated intake channels 3, in an effect similar to that of a water wheel, producing tangential forces 15 that provide the rotation of the drums 5. Additionally, when above the level of water, said channels 3 perform the additional function of capturing atmospheric air, directing it to channels 2a (detailed in Fig. 6) between the undulations 2, thus providing the contact of aerobic bacteria with oxygen in the atmospheric air.
[077] A Fig. 9 é uma vista em corte transversal do conjunto, o qual é mantido em posição aproximadamente centralizada entre as poitas 12 apoiadas no fundo (16) do leito do curso d'água. [077] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly, which is maintained in an approximately centered position between the stops 12 resting on the bottom (16) of the bed of the watercourse.
[078] A Fig.10 mostra uma segunda concretização da invenção, onde o efluente a ser tratado é colocado num tanque 20 o qual está provido de uma estrutura portante 25. Essa concretização compreende um aparato de insuflação de ar, composto por uma bomba aeradora 23 que fornece ar sob pressão para um conjunto de tubulações 22 cujas terminações de saída estão imersas e situadas abaixo e de um dos lados do rotor 5. As bolhas de ar assim produzidas são captadas pelas canaletas periféricas acima dessas terminações, resultando um empuxo vertical diferencial que produz a rotação do tambor. A energia necessária para a movimentação do rotor 5 é apenas aquela consumida pelo aparato de insuflação de ar, inexistindo qualquer acoplamento mecânico para produzir tal rotação. [078] Fig. 10 shows a second embodiment of the invention, where the effluent to be treated is placed in a tank 20 which is provided with a supporting structure 25. This embodiment comprises an air insufflation apparatus, composed of an aeration pump 23 that supplies air under pressure to a set of pipes 22 whose outlet ends are immersed and located below and on one side of the rotor 5. The air bubbles thus produced are captured by the peripheral channels above these ends, resulting in a differential vertical thrust. which produces the rotation of the drum. The energy required for the movement of rotor 5 is only that consumed by the air supply apparatus, without any mechanical coupling to produce such rotation.
[079] O mesmo princípio utilizado na concretização ilustrada na Fig. 10 pode ser utilizado nos corpos d'água nos quais inexiste correnteza, tais como lagos ou represas. Nesses casos, os reatores em forma de tambor podem ser suportados por flutuadores similares àqueles empregados na concretização da Fig. 7, sendo a rotação dos tambores provida mediante a captação, pelas canaletas periféricas de um dos lados do tambor, do ar provido por um aparato similar àquele da Fig. 10, instalado nos ditos flutuadores ou na margem do corpo d'água. [079] The same principle used in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 10 can be used in bodies of water where there is no current, such as lakes or dams. In such cases, the drum-shaped reactors can be supported by floats similar to those employed in the embodiment of Fig. 7, the rotation of the drums being provided by capturing, through the peripheral channels on one side of the drum, the air provided by an apparatus similar to that in Fig. 10, installed on said floats or on the edge of the water body.
[080] Se bem que a invenção tenha sido descrita com referência a uma concretização específica da mesma, entende-se que modificações poderão ser introduzidas por técnicos no assunto, dentro do conceito da invenção, a qual é definida e delimitada pelo conjunto de reivindicações de se segue.
[080] Although the invention has been described with reference to a specific embodiment thereof, it is understood that modifications may be introduced by those skilled in the art, within the concept of the invention, which is defined and delimited by the set of claims of follows.
Claims
1. SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO para o tratamento de efluentes líquidos caracterizado pelo fato de compreender um reator em forma de tambor ou rotor (5) formado pela justaposição de uma pluralidade de placas lamelares circulares paralelamente dispostas (1) dotadas de ondulações circulares paralelas (2) e canaletas de captação (3) ao longo da periferia de ditas placas, dito tambor, que é suspenso por meios de sustentação compreendendo um eixo central (9) de rotação que atravessa os centros das ditas placas, estando parcialmente submerso num corpo d'água compreendendo o dito efluente, com a porção emersa em contato com o ar atmosférico. 1. BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM for the treatment of liquid effluents, characterized in that it comprises a reactor in the form of a drum or rotor (5) formed by the juxtaposition of a plurality of parallelly arranged circular lamellar plates (1) equipped with parallel circular undulations (2) and collection channels (3) along the periphery of said plates, said drum, which is suspended by support means comprising a central axis (9) of rotation that crosses the centers of said plates, being partially submerged in a body of water comprising said effluent, with the emerged portion in contact with atmospheric air.
2. SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de dito corpo d'água compreender um curso em que há correnteza (17). 2. BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that said body of water comprises a course in which there is current (17).
3. SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de a rotação de dito reator em forma de tambor (5) em torno do seu eixo (9) ser provida pelas forças tangenciais (15) decorrentes da pressão dinâmica da correnteza (17) contra ditas canaletas de captação (3). 3. BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotation of said drum-shaped reactor (5) around its axis (9) is provided by tangential forces (15) resulting from the dynamic pressure of the stream (17) against said capture channels (3).
4 . SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de dito corpo d'água compreender um corpo d'água em que não há correnteza. 4 . BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that said body of water comprises a body of water in which there is no current.
5. SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de compreender meios de sustentação do pelo menos um reator em forma de tambor (5) compreendendo flutuadores (11) paralelamente dispostos, formando um vão onde está instalado dito pelo menos um tambor, ditos flutuadores estando ancorados no fundo do leito (16) do corpo d'água, e onde dito vão está orientado paralelamente à correnteza (17).
5. BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises means of support of at least one drum-shaped reactor (5) comprising floats (11) arranged in parallel, forming a gap where said at least one is installed drum, said floats being anchored to the bottom of the bed (16) of the body of water, and where said span is oriented parallel to the current (17).
6. SISTEMA. REATOR BIOLÓGICO de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado pelo fato de dito corpo d'água compreender um lago ou assemelhado, e onde ditos meios de sustentação do pelo menos um reator em forma de tambor (5) compreendem flutuadores (11) paralelamente dispostos, formando um vão onde está instalado dito pelo menos um tambor, ditos flutuadores estando ancorados no fundo do leito (16) do corpo d'água. 6. SYSTEM. BIOLOGICAL REACTOR according to claim 4, characterized in that said body of water comprises a lake or the like, and where said means of support of the at least one drum-shaped reactor (5) comprise floats (11) arranged in parallel, forming a gap where said at least one drum is installed, said floats being anchored to the bottom of the bed (16) of the body of water.
7. SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado pelo fato de dito corpo d'água compreender um tanque (21) contendo o efluente sob tratamento, dito tanque sendo provido de meios de sustentação (25) de um reator em forma de tambor bem como de meios de provimento da rotação de dito tambor em torno de seu eixo (9). 7. BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM according to claim 4, characterized in that said body of water comprises a tank (21) containing the effluent under treatment, said tank being provided with means of support (25) of a reactor in the form of a drum as well as means for providing the rotation of said drum around its axis (9).
8. SISTEMA REATOR BIOLÓGICO de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 6 ou 7, caracterizado pelo fato de compreender meios de provimento da rotação do tambor (5) em torno de seu eixo (9), ditos meios compreendendo um aparato formado por uma bomba aeradora (23) e um conjunto de tubulações (22) cujas terminações de saída estão imersas e situadas abaixo e de um dos lados do dito tambor (5). 8. BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that it comprises means for providing rotation of the drum (5) around its axis (9), said means comprising an apparatus formed by an aeration pump (23) and a set of pipes (22) whose outlet ends are immersed and located below and on one side of said drum (5).
9. MÉTODO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES compreendendo o contato sequencial da colônias de bactérias com um meio rico em nutrientes (efluente líquido) alternado com o contato de ditas colónias com o oxigénio do ar atmosférico, caracterizado pelo fato de ditas colónias serem compreendidas numa camada de biofilme formado na superfície de placas lamelares circulares (1) justapostas formando um reator em forma de tambor (5) conforme definido em qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, onde dito contato sequencial é provido pela rotação de dito tambor em torno de seu eixo (9).
9. METHOD OF TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS comprising the sequential contact of bacterial colonies with a medium rich in nutrients (liquid effluent) alternating with the contact of said colonies with oxygen in the atmospheric air, characterized in that said colonies are comprised in a layer of biofilm formed on the surface of juxtaposed circular lamellar plates (1) forming a drum-shaped reactor (5) as defined in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said sequential contact is provided by rotating said drum around its axis (9) .
10. MÉTODO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES de acordo com a reivindicação 9, caracterizado pelo fato de dita rotação decorrer da aplicação de forças tangenciais (15) na periferia do tambor (5) , onde ditas forças são geradas no próprio tambor.10. EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHOD according to claim 9, characterized in that said rotation results from the application of tangential forces (15) on the periphery of the drum (5), where said forces are generated in the drum itself.
11. MÉTODO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES de acordo com a reivindicação 10, caracterizado pelo fato ditas forças (15) serem providas pela pressão dinâmica exercida pela correnteza (17) do corpo d'água onde o sistema está instalado sobre canaletas de captação (3) providas ao longo da periferia de ditas placas lamelares (1). 11. EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHOD according to claim 10, characterized in that said forces (15) are provided by the dynamic pressure exerted by the current (17) of the water body where the system is installed on catchment channels (3) provided along the periphery of said lamellar plates (1).
12. MÉTODO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES de acordo com a reivindicação 10, caracterizado pelo fato ditas forças serem providas pela retenção, pelas ditas canaletas de captação (3) providas ao longo da periferia de ditas placas lamelares (1) do ar insuflado sob pressão abaixo do tambor (5) em posição deslocada do seu eixo (9).
12. EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHOD according to claim 10, characterized in that said forces are provided by the retention, by said capture channels (3) provided along the periphery of said lamellar plates (1) of the air blown under pressure below of the drum (5) in a position displaced from its axis (9).
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