WO2022048511A1 - 智能燃气表差分固件升级方法 - Google Patents

智能燃气表差分固件升级方法 Download PDF

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WO2022048511A1
WO2022048511A1 PCT/CN2021/115268 CN2021115268W WO2022048511A1 WO 2022048511 A1 WO2022048511 A1 WO 2022048511A1 CN 2021115268 W CN2021115268 W CN 2021115268W WO 2022048511 A1 WO2022048511 A1 WO 2022048511A1
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differential
byte
file
gas meter
field
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PCT/CN2021/115268
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French (fr)
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苏龙峰
王滨滨
梅钢
陆从杭
朱晓明
张东
刘金梁
彭学枝
朱驾宁
朱莉
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上海飞奥燃气设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2022048511A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022048511A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60—Software deployment
    • G06F8/65—Updates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
    • G16Y10/00—Economic sectors
    • G16Y10/35—Utilities, e.g. electricity, gas or water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
    • G16Y40/00—IoT characterised by the purpose of the information processing
    • G16Y40/40—Maintenance of things
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

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  • the present application relates to the field of gas meter firmware upgrade methods, for example, to a differential firmware upgrade method for a smart gas meter.
  • the common IoT smart gas meter firmware upgrade methods mainly include: whole package upgrade (full quantity), differential upgrade (differential), and these methods have the following problems:
  • the mainstream differential upgrade relies on compression and decompression algorithms that require more memory and storage space, and the hardware resources of smart gas meters cannot meet this condition and are difficult to apply.
  • the differential packet generation method in the traditional binary difference (Binary DIFF, BSDIFF) algorithm is:
  • the data area contains a large number of 0s, which can be efficiently compressed to form a small compressed differential packet, which is convenient for transmission.
  • the device After the device receives the differential packet, it performs decompression and then restores.
  • the decompression algorithm requires more memory and disk storage space.
  • the present application provides a method for upgrading the differential firmware of a smart gas meter, which can generate a differential package with a smaller volume, reduce the memory consumption and disk occupancy of an embedded system of a gas meter device, and reduce the amount of data transmission.
  • the present application provides a method for upgrading the differential firmware of a smart gas meter, including:
  • MFD Marked Location Difference
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for upgrading differential firmware of a smart gas meter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application are given and described below according to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for upgrading differential firmware of a smart gas meter provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the method for upgrading differential firmware for a smart gas meter includes steps:
  • the remote end uses the MLD method to generate a differential packet, and sends the differential packet to the smart gas meter to be upgraded.
  • S120 The smart gas meter to be upgraded receives a differential package, and the smart gas meter to be upgraded stores an old file.
  • S130 The smart gas meter to be upgraded reads the differential package and performs firmware upgrade according to the read result.
  • S110 includes the steps:
  • S1101 Compare the current field in the old file with a field corresponding to the current field in the new file, and obtain the maximum matching byte length in which the two compared fields are different (ie not completely matched) and the next field in the old file The field's offset relative to the current field.
  • S1102 Obtain the matching byte area of the field in the new file and the matching byte area of the current field in the old file according to the maximum matching byte length, and remove the part of the matching byte area of the field from the field as an extra word section data.
  • S1103 Count the total number of different byte data in the matching byte area of the field and the matching byte area of the current field.
  • S1104 Record the positions and values of different byte data in the matching byte area of the field to form a differential data block.
  • S1105 Form control information, where the control information includes the maximum matching byte length, the total number of different byte data, the byte length and offset of extra byte data.
  • S1106 Sequentially write the control information, the differential data block and the extra byte data into the differential packet.
  • S1107 Use the next field in the old file as the current field according to the offset, and determine the control information, the differential data block and the extra byte data by comparing the current field and a field corresponding to the current field in the new file, and sequentially determine the The control information, differential data block and extra byte data are written into differential packets.
  • S1108 Repeat the determining of the current field in the old file, and determine the control information, the differential data block, and the extra byte data by comparing the current field and a field corresponding to the current field in the new file, and sequentially convert the determined control information, The operation of writing the differential data block and extra byte data into the differential packet until there is no corresponding field in the new file, and the final differential packet is used as the differential packet sent to the smart gas meter to be upgraded.
  • S130 includes the steps:
  • S1301 The smart gas meter to be upgraded parses and reads the differential packet to obtain control information, differential data blocks and extra byte data.
  • the smart gas meter to be upgraded may parse and read the control information, differential data block and extra byte data corresponding to each of the multiple fields in the differential packet; for the first field in the old file, Determine the control information, differential data block and extra byte data corresponding to the first field, and write the bytes in the first field into the upgrade file until the length of the written bytes is the length of the control information corresponding to the first field. The maximum matching byte length.
  • the smart gas meter to be upgraded may parse and read the control information, differential data block and extra byte data corresponding to each of the multiple fields in the differential packet; for the first field in the old file, Determine the control information, differential data block and extra byte data corresponding to the first field, and write the bytes in the first field into the upgrade file until the length of the written bytes is the length of the control information corresponding to the first field. The maximum matching byte length.
  • the method for upgrading the differential firmware of a smart gas meter includes the steps of:
  • S210 The software platform system uses the MLD calculation method to generate a differential package, and sends the differential package to the smart gas meter to be upgraded.
  • the smart gas meter to be upgraded receives the differential package, and the smart gas meter to be upgraded stores a system image file of an old version.
  • S230 The smart gas meter to be upgraded parses the differential package, performs a restore operation in combination with the system image file of the old version, and upgrades the firmware version.
  • S210 includes the steps:
  • S2101 Compare the system image file of the new version with the system image file of the old version, calculate the binary array with the maximum similarity matching (ie not the exact match) between the system image file of the new version and the system image file of the old version, and calculate the system image file of the old version There is no (i.e. no match) binary array, and the position of the next maximum similarity match in the old version system image file is calculated.
  • S2102 In the binary array with the calculated maximum similarity matching, mark the number, position and value of all the different bytes. In this step, two results will be formed, that is, the total bytes of the difference part. The binary array of the number (written later in the control information) and the difference part.
  • S2103 Calculate the length of the binary array that is not present in the system image file of the old version (ie, do not match) (which is written into the control information later), and record the data of this array as additional binary array data.
  • S2104 Use the position of the next maximum similarity matching in the system image file of the old version as the offset (which will be written into the control information later).
  • control information includes the length of the binary array with the maximum similarity matching, the length (number) of the binary array of the difference part, the length (number) of the additional binary array data, and the offset.
  • S2106 Write the control information, the binary array of the difference part, and the additional binary array to the difference packet in sequence.
  • S2107 Execute the above S2101-S2106 in a loop in sequence until the end position of the system image file of the new version, and write all the calculated control information, the binary array of the difference part and the additional binary array into the differential packet in sequence.
  • S230 includes the steps:
  • the smart gas meter to be upgraded parses and reads the difference packet, and obtains the length of the binary array matching the maximum similarity in the control information, the length of the binary array of the difference part, the length of the additional binary array data, and the offset.
  • S2304 According to the control information, read the length of the binary array matching the maximum similarity from the system image file of the old version, and cyclically write each byte read into the image file of the new version. When the written position is the same as the difference part When the positions of the records in the binary array are the same, the data values in the binary array of the difference part are written into the system image file of the new version.
  • S2305 Write the additional binary arrays into the system image file of the new version in sequence, and locate the field position corresponding to the next control information according to the offset.
  • S2306 Execute the above S2301-S2305 cyclically, and execute all the control information until the end of the differential packet file.
  • a field in the old file is: abcdsfaaa
  • the corresponding field in the new file is: abedsfasdfaods.
  • the matching byte area of "abedsfasdfaods” has a data "e” that is different from the matching byte area of "abedsfaaa”; for the position in "abedsfasdfaods”
  • the matching byte area counted as 0 to 6, the position of the distinguishing byte is 2, forming a differential data block (2, e); through comparison, it is found that "sdfaods” in the new file cannot be found in the old file, a total of 7 bytes, forming extra bytes of data as "sdfaods”; forming control information (7,1,7,0), where the first number "7” is the maximum matching byte length and the second number “1” is different The total number of bytes of data, the third number “7” is the byte length of the extra byte data, and the fourth number "0” is the offset of the next field read from the old file relative to "abcdsfaaa” Location. Then,
  • BSDIFF difference method requires random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) resources > 5KB, requires about 300KB of Flash resources; the difference rate is 9%; the amount of code on the device side > 200 lines.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • MLD mark difference method RAM resource required ⁇ 512B; Flash resource required about 200KB; differential rate 16%; device-side code amount ⁇ 50 lines.
  • this application can generate a small differential packet, which reduces the network transmission flow, and the gas meter equipment does not need to decompress the differential packet, which reduces the embeddedness of the gas meter equipment.
  • the memory consumption and disk occupancy rate of the system can reduce the complexity of code technology integration, and realize fast problem repair and system update and upgrade under narrow bandwidth and low speed networks such as NB, thereby reducing manual intervention and technical personnel participation, and quickly realize problem repair. and product iterative upgrades.

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Abstract

一种智能燃气表差分固件升级方法，包括：利用MLD方法生成差分包；向一待升级智能燃气表发送所述差分包（S110），以使所述待升级智能燃气表读取所述差分包并根据读取结果进行固件升级（S130），其中，所述待升级智能燃气表存储有一旧文件（S120）。

Description

智能燃气表差分固件升级方法
本申请要求在2020年09月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010911296.8的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及燃气表固件升级方法领域，例如涉及一种智能燃气表差分固件升级方法。
背景技术
随着计算机和物联网通信技术的快速发展，越来越多的家用智能燃气表取代了家用机械燃气表，给燃气公司进行表具管理带来很大的便利，可以说家用智能燃气表的功能已经不仅仅是计量数据的采集和显示，它还涉及表具异常状态信息的监测，燃气消费信息的管理，数据的发送和控制命令的接收和处理，这是一套完整的计算机软硬件***，任何环节的变动都可能涉及到表具内部固件程序的更改，而在表具10年的使用寿命周期中，这种变动是极可能发生的。所以物联网智能燃气表在线升级的功能是十分有必要的，常见的物联网智能燃气表固件升级方式主要有：整包升级(全量)，差分升级(差分)，而这些方式存在如下问题：
1、空中下载技术(Over-the-Air Technology，OTA)远程固件整包升级中，新版本的文件体积较大，导致传输时间长，消耗流量大，功耗大。
2、主流的差分升级依赖压缩和解压算法需要较多的内存和存储空间，而智能燃气表的硬件资源不能满足该条件，难以应用。
传统二进制差异(Binary DIFF，BSDIFF)算法中的差分包生成方式为：
先对旧文件进行后缀数组排序形成字典表，然后对比新旧文件产生有差异的最大的匹配字节长度，相同的字节用0代替，不同的字节用两者的二级制数值的差值表示，同时记录多余的数据区域。
数据区域含有大量的0，这可以被高效的压缩，形成体积很小的压缩差分包，从而便于传输，设备端接收到差分包后，执行解压，再还原。但解压算法需要较多内存和磁盘储存空间。
发明内容
本申请提供一种智能燃气表差分固件升级方法，可生成体积较小的差分包， 降低燃气表设备的嵌入式***的内存消耗以及磁盘占有率，减少数据传输量。
本申请提供一种智能燃气表差分固件升级方法，包括：
利用标记位差分(Marked Location Difference，MLD)方法生成差分包；
向一待升级智能燃气表发送所述差分包，以使所述待升级智能燃气表读取所述差分包并根据读取结果进行固件升级，其中，所述待升级智能燃气表存储有一旧文件。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种智能燃气表差分固件升级方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面根据附图1，给出本申请的实施例，并予以描述。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种智能燃气表差分固件升级方法的流程图，该智能燃气表差分固件升级方法包括步骤：
S110：远端利用MLD方法生成差分包，向待升级智能燃气表发送差分包。
S120：待升级智能燃气表接收差分包，待升级智能燃气表存储有一旧文件。
S130：待升级智能燃气表读取差分包并根据读取结果进行固件升级。
本实施例中，S110包括步骤：
S1101：对比旧文件中的当前字段与新文件中与所述当前字段对应的一字段，获得对比的两个字段有差异的(即不是完全匹配)最大匹配字节长度和旧文件中的下一字段相对当前字段的偏移量。
S1102：根据最大匹配字节长度获取新文件中该一字段的匹配字节区域和旧文件中当前字段的匹配字节区域，将该一字段除去该一字段的匹配字节区域的部分作为额外字节数据。
S1103：统计该一字段的匹配字节区域和当前字段的匹配字节区域中不同字节数据的总个数。
S1104：记录不同字节数据在该一字段的匹配字节区域中的位置和数值，形成一差分数据块。
S1105：形成一控制信息，控制信息包括最大匹配字节长度、不同字节数据的总个数、额外字节数据的字节长度和偏移量。
S1106：依次将控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据顺序写入差分包。
S1107：根据偏移量将旧文件中的下一字段作为当前字段，并通过对比当前字段以及新文件中与当前字段对应的一字段确定控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据，依次将确定的控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据写入差分包。
S1108：重复执行所述确定旧文件中的当前字段，并通过对比当前字段以及新文件中与当前字段对应的一字段确定控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据，依次将确定的控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据写入差分包的操作，直至新文件中无对应字段，将最终得到的差分包作为发送给待升级智能燃气表的差分包。
本实施例中，S130包括步骤：
S1301：待升级智能燃气表解析并读取差分包，获得控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据。
S1302：建立一升级文件。
S1303：从旧文件中读取字节并将读取的字节写入升级文件直至写入的字节长度为所述控制信息中的最大匹配字节长度，其中，当在所述升级文件中将字节写入的位置为差分数据块中的不同字节数据的位置时，将差分数据块中的不同字节数据的数值写入升级文件。
S1304：将额外字节数据写入升级文件。
S1305：将升级文件替换待升级智能燃气表的旧文件，完成固件升级。
在S130中，待升级智能燃气表可以解析并读取差分包中的与多个字段中的每个字段对应的控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据；针对旧文件中的第一字段，确定与该第一字段对应的控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据，将第一字段中的字节写入升级文件直至写入的字节长度为该第一字段对应的控制信息中的最大匹配字节长度，在将字节写入升级文件的过程中，若当前写入的位置为差分数据块中的不同字节数据的位置，则将差分数据块中的不同字节数据的数值写入升级文件；将额外字节数据写入升级文件，并根据控制信息中的偏移量确定旧文件中的第二字段，重复执行上述将最大匹配字节长度的字节数据以及额外字节数据写入升级文件的操作，直至无对应字段的控制信息、差分数据块和额外字节数据可用于文件升级为止。
在另一实施例中，智能燃气表差分固件升级方法包括步骤：
S210：软件平台***利用MLD计算法生成差分包，向待升级智能燃气表发送差分包。
S220：待升级智能燃气表接收差分包，待升级智能燃气表存储有一老版本***镜像文件。
S230：待升级智能燃气表解析差分包，结合老版本***镜像文件执行还原操作，进行固件版本升级。
本实施例中，S210包括步骤：
S2101：对比新版本***镜像文件和老版本***镜像文件，计算出新版本***镜像文件和老版本***镜像文件的最大相似度匹配(即不是完全匹配)的二进制数组，计算出老版本***镜像文件没有的(即不匹配)二进制数组，计算出下一个最大相似度匹配在老版本***镜像文件中的位置。
S2102：在计算出来的最大相似度匹配的二进制数组中，标记出全部有差异字节的个数、位置和差异字节的数值，本步骤中会形成两个结果，即差异部分总的字节个数(后面写入到控制信息中)和差异部分的二进制数组。
S2103：计算老版本***镜像文件没有的(即不匹配)二进制数组的长度(后面写入到控制信息中)，记录此数组的数据，作为额外的二进制数组数据。
S2104：将下一次最大相似度匹配在老版本***镜像文件中的位置，作为偏移量(后面写入到控制信息中)。
S2105：形成一控制信息，控制信息包括最大相似度匹配的二进制数组的长度，差异部分的二进制数组长度(个数)，额外的二进制数组数据长度(个数)，偏移量。
S2106：将控制信息、差异部分的二进制数组和额外的二进制数组顺序写入到差分包。
S2107：依次循环执行上述S2101-S2106，直到新版本***镜像文件的结束位置，计算出来的所有的控制信息、差异部分的二进制数组和额外的二进制数组顺序写入到差分包。
本实施例中，S230包括步骤：
S2301：待升级智能燃气表解析并读取差分包，获得控制信息中的最大相似度匹配的二进制数组的长度，差异部分的二进制数组长度和额外的二进制数组数据长度，偏移量。
S2302：读取差异部分的二进制数组和额外的二进制数组。
S2303：建立一新版本***镜像文件。
S2304：根据控制信息，从老版本***镜像文件中读取最大相似度匹配的二进制数组的长度，并循环将读取的每个字节写入新版本镜像文件，当写入的位 置与差异部分的二进制数组中记录的位置一致时，将差异部分的二进制数组中的数据数值写入新版本***镜像文件文件。
S2305：将额外的二进制数组依次写入到新版本***镜像文件，根据偏移量定位到下一个控制信息对应的字段位置。
S2306：循环执行上述S2301-S2305，执行完所有的控制信息，直到差分包文件结束。
S2307：将新版本***镜像文件替换待升级智能燃气表的老版本***镜像文件，完成固件升级。
例如：旧文件中的一字段为：abcdsfaaa；新文件中的对应字段为：abedsfasdfaods。
对比新文件和旧文件中的上述两个字段后，设定最大匹配字节长度为7并获得旧文件中的下一字段相对“abcdsfaaa”的起始位置为0；长度为7的“abcdsfa”和“abedsfa”分别位于上述两个字段的匹配字节区域，“abedsfasdfaods”的匹配字节区域中有一个相对“abcdsfaaa”的匹配字节区域不一样的数据“e”；对于“abedsfasdfaods”中位置计为0～6的匹配字节区域，区别字节的位置为2，形成差分数据块(2,e)；通过对比发现新文件中的“sdfaods”在旧文件中找不到，共7个字节，形成额外字节数据为“sdfaods”；形成控制信息(7,1,7，0)，其中第一个数字“7”是最大匹配字节长度，第二个数字“1”是不同字节数据的总个数，第三个数字“7”是额外字节数据的字节长度，第四个数字“0”是下一次从旧文件中读取的字段相对“abcdsfaaa”的偏移位置。然后，形成差分文件：(控制信息)(差分数据块)(额外字节数据)＝(7,1,7,0)(2，e)(sdfaods)。
在升级固件还原的时候：解析差分包信息，得到差分包信息(7，1，7，0)(2，e)(sdfaods)。
从旧文件中读取第0个字节，第1个字节，到第2个字节的位置发现差分数据块有数据e，不再从旧文件中读取，而是直接使用e写入到升级文件，然后从旧文件中继续读取第3个字节，第4个字节，第5个字节，第6个字节写入到升级文件，继续读取额外字节数据“sdfaods”写入到升级文件。
对比传统BSDIFF差分法和本实施例的MLD标记差分法的固件升级效果：
BSDIFF差分法：需要随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)资源＞5KB，需要Flash资源约300KB；差分率9％；设备端代码量＞200行。
MLD标记差分法：需要RAM资源＜512B；需要Flash资源约200KB；差 分率16％；设备端代码量＜50行。
针对家用物联网远传窄带(Narrow Band，NB)智能燃气表，本申请可以生成体积较小的差分包，降低了网络传输的流量，燃气表设备无需解压差分包，降低了燃气表设备的嵌入式***的内存消耗以及磁盘占有率，降低了代码技术集成复杂度，在NB等窄带宽低速率网络下实现快速问题修复，***更新升级，从而减少人工的干预，技术人员参与，快速实现问题修复和产品迭代升级。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种智能燃气表差分固件升级方法，包括：
    利用标记位差分MLD方法生成差分包；
    向一待升级智能燃气表发送所述差分包，以使所述待升级智能燃气表读取所述差分包并根据读取结果进行固件升级，其中，所述待升级智能燃气表存储有一旧文件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述利用MLD方法生成差分包，包括：
    对比所述旧文件中的当前字段与新文件中与所述当前字段对应的一字段，获得对比的两个字段中有差异的最大匹配字节长度和所述旧文件中的下一字段相对所述当前字段的偏移量；
    根据所述最大匹配字节长度获取所述新文件中所述一字段的匹配字节区域和所述旧文件中所述当前字段的匹配字节区域，将所述一字段中除去所述一字段的匹配字节区域的部分作为额外字节数据；
    统计所述一字段的匹配字节区域和所述当前字段的匹配字节区域中不同字节数据的总个数；
    记录所述不同字节数据在所述一字段的匹配字节区域中的位置和数值，形成一差分数据块；
    形成一控制信息，其中，所述控制信息包括所述最大匹配字节长度、所述不同字节数据的总个数、所述额外字节数据的字节长度和所述偏移量；
    依次将所述控制信息、所述差分数据块和所述额外字节数据顺序写入所述差分包。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述待升级智能燃气表读取所述差分包并根据读取结果进行固件升级，包括：
    所述待升级智能燃气表解析并读取所述差分包，获得所述控制信息、所述差分数据块和所述额外字节数据；
    建立一升级文件；
    从所述旧文件中读取字节并将读取的字节写入所述升级文件直至写入的字节长度为所述控制信息中的最大匹配字节长度，其中，在所述升级文件中将字节写入的位置为所述差分数据块中的不同字节数据的位置的情况下，将所述差分数据块中的不同字节数据的数值写入所述升级文件；
    将所述额外字节数据写入所述升级文件；
    将所述升级文件替换所述旧文件，完成固件升级。
PCT/CN2021/115268 2020-09-02 2021-08-30 智能燃气表差分固件升级方法 WO2022048511A1 (zh)

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