WO2022039001A1 - Seat cushion and seat - Google Patents

Seat cushion and seat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022039001A1
WO2022039001A1 PCT/JP2021/028296 JP2021028296W WO2022039001A1 WO 2022039001 A1 WO2022039001 A1 WO 2022039001A1 JP 2021028296 W JP2021028296 W JP 2021028296W WO 2022039001 A1 WO2022039001 A1 WO 2022039001A1
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Prior art keywords
pelvis
support
seated person
seat cushion
seat
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PCT/JP2021/028296
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
林利浩
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林利浩
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Publication of WO2022039001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022039001A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
    • A47C27/04—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with spring inlays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
    • A47C7/62—Accessories for chairs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a seat cushion or a seat for a seat of various vehicles such as a vehicle and a single chair.
  • the seat has a system in which the support area 47 moves forward to support the pelvis. Further, in Document 2, the seat is provided with an arch-shaped backrest, and the pelvis support portion 17 is provided below the apex thereof.
  • the sacral base is supported by a rigid block member (support member) 44 that extends in the horizontal direction substantially by the width of the sacrum.
  • the support body 51 that supports the pelvis is supported by the reclining rod, which is a component of the reclining mechanism, and can rotate via the support connecting portion 52.
  • the structure is based on the consideration of the effect of the seating surface on blood flow, in which the horizontal portion 6 supports the posterior side of the pelvis and the vertical portion 7 along the spine does not press the left and right sides thereof.
  • the vertical portion 7 is 5 cm thick and 8 cm wide, and is in contact with only the central portion of the spinal column. The reason is considered to be that the direct compression does not cause blood flow obstruction at other sites.
  • the inventor of the present application has been involved in the activities of the acupuncture and moxibustion clinic for many years. Despite being very closely linked to supply), that is, cardiac function and respiratory movement, improvements in seat comfort have not been sufficient so far from that perspective.
  • Such seats tend to emphasize primary comfort such as holdability and contact between the seat and the seat, and have a shape that wraps around for the purpose of preventing body displacement and increasing the contact area. Most of them are.
  • a seat can provide a comfortable seating comfort in the first place, when it is applied to the time axis, it also has a factor that secondarily and tertiaryly inhibits a person's physiological activity. .. Specifically, for example, the following points.
  • the anterior part of the rib cage shrinks, the back and lateral chest expands, and the skin and muscles stretch ⁇ (The ribs are lifted as a result of the need to secure storage space for internal organs inside the rib cage) ⁇
  • the contraction movement of the thorax is inhibited, and: The thorax is expanded ⁇
  • the ribs are lifted like when inhaling in response to the shortening of the long axis above and below the ribs to secure the chest volume ⁇ Attached to the ribs
  • the muscles and ribs that form the chest are directly stretched, and contractile movement is inhibited.
  • the diaphragm supports the heart and lungs as the bottom surface, and diaphragmatic movement is directly involved in cardiac function, inhibition of diaphragmatic movement also adversely affects cardiac function.
  • the body load bearing capacity in the spinal column decreases in the situation where the posterior curvature rate of the spinal column near the first lumbar spine increases when the pelvis is tilted backward and the above-mentioned shearing force and dehiscence force are generated on the lumbar spine.
  • the increased burden on the muscles and the elongation of the diaphragm itself also cause changes in the shape of the pelvis and inhibition of thoracic movement, which adversely affects cardiac function and respiratory movement.
  • the seat includes a horizontal anterior convex lumbar support
  • the person's dorso-lumbar free proximity (compression) movement at the time of achieving lumbar lordosis and during augmentation movement
  • compression movement
  • the person is hindered by the close contact and friction with this support part, and an unnecessary stretching phenomenon occurs in the abdomen on the front of the body, and sitting.
  • the person feels more uncomfortable than usual, and the lumbar spine is in a non-physiological state due to the dehiscence force, and the pelvic tilting with the lumbar support as a fulcrum is promoted.
  • an object of the present invention is to reduce the burden on the lumbar region and reduce the inhibition of respiratory movements:
  • a pelvic support portion containing a material capable of firmly supporting the hard tissue of the occupant is provided, and a shape and a shape that do not press the muscle groups involved in the occupant's breathing are provided.
  • Seat cushions configured to the dimensions are provided.
  • a pelvic support including a pelvic support comprising a material capable of firmly supporting the hard tissue of the occupant, and a vertebral column of the occupant including a material capable of firmly supporting the hard tissue of the occupant and the like thereof.
  • a seat cushion is provided that includes a spinal column support that supports the lateral muscle groups and is configured in a shape and size that does not press on the respiratory muscle groups of the occupant.
  • a pelvic support comprising a pelvic support comprising a material capable of firmly supporting the occupant's hard tissue and a occupant's spinal column comprising a material capable of firmly supporting the occupant's hard tissue.
  • a seat cushion is provided that includes a supporting spinal column support and a support portion that supports above the lower ribs, and is configured in a shape and size that does not press on the respiratory muscles of the occupant.
  • Each of the above seat cushions may have a buttock resting portion configured to follow the seat cushion in the vertical movement of the buttock of the seated person.
  • a seat having the characteristics of each of the above seat cushions is provided.
  • FIG. 1-1 Side view of FIG. 1-1 A side view of the usage state of the first embodiment of the present invention, through which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through.
  • FIG. 1-5 Side view of FIG. 1-5 A side view of a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention in which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through.
  • FIG. 2-1 Side view of FIG. 2-1 Side view of the usage state of the second embodiment of the present invention, through which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through.
  • FIG. 3-1 Side view of FIG. 3-1
  • FIG. 3-1 A side view of the usage state of the third embodiment of the present invention, which is a perspective view of the pelvis of the seated person.
  • FIG. 4-1 Side view of FIG. 4-1
  • FIG. 4-1 Side view of the usage state of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, through which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through.
  • FIG. 1 Side view showing another example of the pelvis support part of the present invention or the buttock resting part of a pelvis support.
  • the horizontal direction, vertical direction, and thickness direction used in the present specification correspond to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the coordinate axes shown in FIG. 1, respectively.
  • the first embodiment is a seat cushion used by leaning against the backrest of the seat, which is made of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seater even when the weight of the seater is loaded through the hard tissue of the seater. It is 1.
  • the seat cushion 1 is substantially rectangular when viewed from the front, has a substantially uniform thickness T1 when viewed from the side, and the height H1 is equal to or lower than the height of the iliac crest of the seated person.
  • the shape of the seat cushion 1 when viewed from the front is particularly limited to a rectangular shape as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and can effectively secure the horizontal pelvis support portion 10 described later.
  • a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable.
  • the surface of the seat cushion 1 facing the occupant is projected linearly toward the occupant side as it goes down, and the hypotenuse is inclined toward the end when viewed from the side. It can also be shaped. This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 to 1-8.
  • the seat cushion 1 includes a pelvis support portion 10 that supports the sacrum and / or the hip bone of the seated person, and a pelvis non-support portion 11 that does not support the sacrum and / or the hip bone.
  • the pelvis support portion 10 has the maximum thickness T1 in the seat cushion 1 located below the highest position of the iliac crest of the seated person (lower than the height with the lumbosacral transition portion including the 5th lumbar vertebra as the upper position).
  • the upper end of the seat cushion 1 is formed in a horizontal direction in the horizontal direction near the upper end of the seat cushion 1 along the surface of the seat cushion 1 facing the occupant. It exists nearby.
  • the pelvis support portion 10 first comes into contact with the pelvis of the occupant during normal sitting operation, and strongly presses the third sacral spinous process and the posterior superior iliac spine, which are hard tissues protruding posteriorly. As a result, the pressure on the upper part is reduced while suppressing the backward tilt of the pelvis.
  • pelvis non-support portions 11 Above and below the horizontal band-shaped pelvis support portion 10 are pelvis non-support portions 11.
  • the thickness T1 of the upper pelvis non-supporting portion 11 becomes smaller toward the top, and in the illustrated embodiment, an R is drawn from the side directly above the pelvis supporting portion 10, and the height does not exceed the height of the pelvis. It is turning almost horizontally. With this shape, a space is secured between the part above the pelvis on the back of the seated person and the backrest, and it is possible to avoid pressure on the muscle groups related to breathing.
  • the seat cushion 1 of the first embodiment can be used regardless of the height of the backrest of the seat.
  • the details are the same as the description of the seat cushion of the second embodiment described later with reference to FIG. 2-5, so please refer to that.
  • the second embodiment is a seat cushion used by leaning against the backrest of the seat, which is made of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seater even when the weight of the seater is loaded through the hard tissue of the seater. It is 2.
  • the seat cushion 2 has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front, and has a shape that bulges in an arch shape toward the side away from the backrest, and the height H2 exceeds the height of the iliac crest of the seated person.
  • the shape of the seat cushion 2 when viewed from the front is particularly limited to a rectangular shape as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and can effectively secure the horizontal pelvis support portion 20 described later.
  • a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable.
  • the seat cushion 2 includes a pelvis support portion 20 that supports the sacrum and / or the hip bone of the seated person, and a pelvis non-support portion 21 that does not support the sacrum and / or the hip bone.
  • the pelvis support portion 20 is a portion below the highest position of the iliac crest of the seated person and has the maximum thickness T2 in the seat cushion 2, and in this embodiment, along the apex V200 of the arched bulge portion 200. , It is formed in the horizontal direction when viewed from the front of the seat cushion 2, and in the illustrated example, it exists near the center of the seat cushion 2 in the vertical direction.
  • the pelvis support portion 20 first comes into contact with the pelvis of the occupant during normal sitting operation and supports the sacrum at a certain distance from the backrest of the seat, thereby suppressing pelvic tilt and bending the lumbar spine. Physiologicality is maintained.
  • the pelvis non-support portion 21 Above and below the horizontal band-shaped pelvis support portion 20 is the pelvis non-support portion 21.
  • the thickness T2 of both the upper and lower pelvis non-supporting portions 21 becomes smaller as the pelvis supporting portion 20 is at the apex and the distance from the pelvis supporting portion 20 is increased.
  • the illustrated shape is a desirable shape
  • the angle of R of the upper pelvis non-supporting portion 21 may be further increased, in which case the shape finally becomes the shape of the first embodiment and the height exceeds the pelvis.
  • the member will disappear.
  • a space is secured between the part above the pelvis on the back of the seat and the backrest, or at least the back of the seat is hardly compressed, and there is a height exceeding the pelvis.
  • avoidance of pressure on the muscle groups related to breathing can be achieved while suppressing the phenomenon of pelvic tilt.
  • the seat cushion 2 of the second embodiment can be used regardless of the height of the backrest of the seat, as in the first embodiment. That is, in FIG. 2-4 in which a chair with a low backrest is used, since there is no member that can support the upper body above the lower ribs of the seated person in the first place, the back surface of the seated person is supported only by the pelvis support portion 20. It will be. On the other hand, when a chair with a high backrest is used as shown in Fig. 2-5, the pelvic tilt is suppressed by the pelvic support portion 20, so that the upper body can be leaned back without damaging the physiological lordosis of the lumbar spine.
  • a third embodiment is used by leaning against the backrest of a seat made of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the occupant even when the occupant's weight is loaded through the occupant's hard tissue. It is a T-shaped seat cushion 3.
  • the seat cushion 3 includes a pelvis support 31 and a pelvis supporting portion 310 that supports the sacrum and / or the pelvis of the seated person and a pelvis non-supporting portion 311 that does not support the sacrum and / or the pelvis of the seated person.
  • the support 31 is provided with a spinal column support 32 that supports the sacral column of the occupant and the muscle groups on both sides thereof, which is erected from the center of the top surface of the support 31 when viewed from the front.
  • the pelvis support 31 is substantially rectangular when viewed from the front, has a substantially uniform thickness T31 when viewed from the side, and the height H31 is equal to or lower than the height of the iliac crest of the seated person.
  • the front view shape of the pelvis support 31 is not particularly limited to a rectangular shape as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and the horizontal pelvis support portion 310 can be effectively secured.
  • a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable.
  • the surface of the pelvis support 31 facing the occupant is projected linearly toward the occupant side as it goes down, and the hypotenuse is inclined toward the end when viewed from the side. It can also be shaped. This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 3-5 (i) and (ii).
  • the pelvis support portion 310 is a portion of the pelvis support 31 that is below the highest position of the iliac crest of the occupant and has the maximum thickness T31. It is formed in a plane along the surface facing the occupant, and in the illustrated example, it exists near the center of the seat cushion 3 in the vertical direction.
  • the pelvic support 310 first contacts the pelvis of the occupant during normal sitting movements and supports the sacrum at a certain distance from the back of the seat, thereby suppressing pelvic backward tilt and bending the lumbar spine. Physiologicality is maintained.
  • the spinal column support 32 extends upward continuously from this portion, but this pelvic non-supporting portion is used for the purpose of improving the contact feeling of the seated person.
  • the upper short edge portion of the portion 311 that is, the upper end edge portion of the pelvis support 31
  • the thickness of the spinal column support 32 is about 4 cm. This ensures a space between the part above the pelvis on the back of the occupant and the backrest, or at least the back of the occupant is hardly compressed, which is related to breathing while suppressing the pelvic backward tilt phenomenon.
  • the effect of avoiding pressure on the muscle group is improved.
  • the spinal column support 32 has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front, has an arch-shaped bulge 320, and has an arch-shaped bulge about the central vertical axis toward a distance from the backrest when viewed from above. So to speak, it has a shape like a thinly cut cylinder in the vertical direction.
  • the spinal column support 32 supports the spinal column and its lateral muscle groups to increase the stability of the seated person as compared to the first and second embodiments.
  • the spinal column support 32 extends to the upper thoracic vertebra of the seated person, but is sized and shaped so as not to press the scapula itself or other body parts.
  • Lateral muscle groups of the spinal column The muscle groups related to breathing are also supported by the spinal column support 32, but most of the load from the seated person is between the spinal column, which is a hard tissue, and the apex V320 of the arched bulge 320. These muscle groups are not pressed to the extent that they adversely affect respiratory movements, as they will be received at the abutment.
  • the load on the spinal column is increased by the spinal column support 32, the load on the ribs is decreased, so that smooth breathing movement is further promoted.
  • the spinal support 32 is 5 cm thick and 20 cm wide.
  • the thickness of the pelvis non-support portion 311 at the upper end of the pelvis support 31 is gradually reduced for the purpose of improving the contact feeling of the seated person, the thickness is preferably about 4 cm.
  • the seat cushion 3 of the third embodiment can be particularly preferably applied to a seat whose backrest is higher than the height of the seat cushion 3.
  • a fourth embodiment is an generally "work" -shaped seat cushion 4 that is used by leaning against the backrest of the seat.
  • the seat cushion 4 comprises a pelvis support 41 and a pelvis support portion 410 that supports the sacral bone and / or the pelvis of the seated person and a pelvic non-supporting portion 411 that does not support the sacral bone and / or the pelvic bone of the seated person.
  • a spinal support 42 that supports the pelvis of the occupant, which stands from the center of the top of the support 41 when viewed from the front, and a pelvic support 42 that is attached above the pelvic support 42 and supports the upper part of the lower ribs of the occupant. It is equipped with an upper support 43, which is wider than the spinal support 42 when viewed from the front.
  • the pelvis support 41 is substantially rectangular when viewed from the front, has a substantially uniform thickness T41 when viewed from the side, and the height H41 is equal to or lower than the height of the iliac crest of the seated person.
  • the shape of the pelvis support 41 viewed from the front is not particularly limited to a rectangle as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and the horizontal pelvis support portion 410 can be effectively secured.
  • a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable.
  • the pelvis support 41 is manufactured of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seated person even when the weight of the seated person is loaded through the hard tissue of the seated person.
  • the pelvis support portion 410 is a portion of the pelvis support 41 having the maximum thickness T41, which is below the highest position of the iliac crest of the seated person, and is formed in a horizontal plane when viewed from the front of the pelvis support 41. In the illustrated example, it is located near the upper end of the pelvic support.
  • a pelvis non-support portion 411 exists directly above the pelvis support portion 410, from which the spinal column support 42 extends upward to the upper support 43, but as in the third embodiment, the seated person.
  • the upper short edge portion of the pelvis non-support portion 411 (that is, the upper end edge portion of the pelvis support 41) is made R-shaped as the distance from the apex is increased, and the thickness of the spinal column support 42 is about 4 cm. Is desirable. This ensures a space between the part above the pelvis on the back of the occupant and the backrest, or at least the back of the occupant is hardly compressed, which is related to breathing while suppressing the pelvic backward tilt phenomenon. The effect of avoiding pressure on the muscle group is improved. However, it is not essential to have R, and there is no problem as long as the thickness is small, such as on a slope or in a staircase.
  • the spinal column support 42 is manufactured of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seated person even if the weight of the seated person is loaded through the hard tissue of the seated person. It is a cut columnar back support similar to the spinal column support 32 of the third embodiment. However, in the fourth embodiment, the top of the spinal column support 42 is within the range below the lower ribs, and the seated person's stability is ensured by having a wide range of back supports above the spinal column support 42. It can be narrower than the spinal support 32 of the third embodiment (minimum about 8 cm).
  • the spinal column support 42 is formed in such a form that it firmly supports only the spinal column and the pressure / external force that inhibits respiratory movement does not reach the soft tissues involved in breathing. Other shapes such as prisms are also possible as long as the same effect can be achieved.
  • the upper support 43 is a back support for contacting and / or supporting the back muscles such as the muscles around the scapula and both sides of the spinal column, which are higher than the lower ribs.
  • the purpose of the upper support 43 is to secure the stability of the upper body of the seated person. Especially in the case of a seat with a high backrest, the seater's upper body tends to tilt backwards more strongly, so in order to prevent the mass balance imbalance caused by this, the upper body is entrusted to the support member to ensure stability. It is inevitable to do.
  • the upper support 43 is a simple rectangular cushion in the figure, but it is an example. As long as it is a member that can secure the stability of the upper body of the seated person, the material, shape, dimensions, etc. are not limited, for example, the existing one. It may be a support member having a vertical R concave shape such as a vehicle seat, or a support member made of a low-rigidity material.
  • the spinal column supports 32 and 42 of the third and fourth embodiments are narrower than the pelvic supports 31 and 41 and the upper support 43, and are members having spaces on both sides.
  • the central part is made of the same hardness material as the pelvic support that can stably support the hard tissue of the occupant, and both side parts are created. It is also possible to create a wider spinal support that has substantially the same effect by making it with a material that is less rigid than the central part.
  • the desirable height of the pelvis support portion of the present invention is about 120 mm to about 200 mm from the seat surface (the final seat surface position at the time of sitting when the seat surface member sinks) in any embodiment. be.
  • These figures indicate the variety of seat seat angles, seater body size differences, body shape differences, gender, sitting style, etc., as well as seating surfaces such as wooden chairs that do not sink and seating surfaces such as sofas. It is a numerical value assuming that it can correspond to a type of chair with a large sinking, by limiting these factors, for example, by limiting the type of seat to a seat for a specific vehicle or a seat with a rigid seat surface. , More precise range setting is possible.
  • the desirable position of the pelvic support portion of the present invention is, in any embodiment, a position about 40 mm below the posterior superior iliac spine, which is the height of the pelvic center of gravity of the seated person.
  • the seat cushion of the present invention at least the material constituting the pelvis support portion, the pelvis support, and the spinal column support, is such that the seated person sits in contact with hard tissues such as the upper part of the pelvis (sacrum) and the spinal column.
  • the material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can reliably support those hard tissues and hold the pelvis at a certain distance from the backrest of the seat when the weight of the pelvis is fully deposited.
  • suitable materials include rigid urethane, semi-rigid urethane, rubber foam, high-resilience urethane, and molded foam products.
  • the desired hardness of these materials is a 40% compression hardness of 200 (N) or higher.
  • a member that can also realize the effect of the present invention on the seated person is used for the contact surface so as not to give pain or discomfort to the seated person at the time of use
  • a cover such as a cloth or a soft polymer is applied to the contact surface is also conceivable.
  • the lower portion of the seat cushion of the present invention near the seat surface can be shaped so as to be able to receive the buttocks of the seated person, for example.
  • the surface of the seat cushion facing the occupant can be projected linearly (trapezoidal when viewed from the side) or R in a straight line toward the occupant side as it goes down. Please refer to each embodiment of FIGS. 5 (i) to (iii). This makes it possible to align the sacrum of the seated person with the seat cushion even if the height of the seated surface changes when seated due to the weight of the seated person or the softness of the seated surface. I am aiming.
  • the front surface of the lower pelvic non-supporting portion 311 is linearly inclined toward the seated person from the portion where the thickness T31 is 5 cm until the thickness of the bottom is 8 cm or 9 cm.
  • the pelvic support can be formed so as to include a trapezoid having an upper side of 5 cm and a bottom side of 8 cm or 9 cm when viewed from the side.

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Abstract

[Problem] To provide a seat cushion for a seat and a seat which simultaneously: 1. prevent the pelvis of a sitter from tilting backwards; 2. avoid compressing the muscle group of the sitter related to breathing; and 3. are low-cost and easy to produce and use. [Solution] In the present invention, a pelvis supporting part that supports the sacrum and/or hip bones of a sitter is formed of a hard material which can support the hard tissue of the sitter without substantial deformation, and is formed in the horizontal direction at a position and in a shape that does not compress the muscle group of the sitter related to breathing. A spinal column support, which supports the spinal column of the sitter, is formed of the same material and is formed in the vertical direction at a position and in a shape that similarly does not compress the muscle group of the sitter related to breathing.

Description

シートクッション、又はシートSeat cushion or seat
　本発明は、車輌を始めとする各種乗物のシート及び単体の椅子等のための、シートクッション、又はシートに関する。 The present invention relates to a seat cushion or a seat for a seat of various vehicles such as a vehicle and a single chair.
　車輌、列車、航空機、船舶等の各種乗物のシート、及び単体の椅子、ベンチ、ソファなど、多種多様な着座具（以下「シート」と総称する）に関して、シートの座り心地を向上させるための技術が多数開発されている。着座者の腰部への負荷の軽減はその中でも関心の高い課題の１つである。 Technology for improving the seating comfort of a wide variety of seating equipment (hereinafter collectively referred to as "seats") such as seats for various vehicles such as vehicles, trains, aircraft, and ships, as well as single chairs, benches, and sofas. Has been developed in large numbers. Reducing the load on the lower back of the seated person is one of the issues of great interest.
　そのような腰部への負荷の軽減のための構造としては、骨盤を支持することで骨盤後傾を防止するものが知られており、例えば以下の文献に記載されているものがある。
特表２００４－５２２５４７号公報 米国特許第５４１１３１７号公報 特許第４２３４７８８号公報 特許第６１７９２９１号公報 特開２００７－１２５１０６号公報 As a structure for reducing the load on the lumbar region, a structure for supporting the pelvis to prevent backward tilting of the pelvis is known, and for example, there are those described in the following documents.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-522547 U.S. Pat. No. 5,411,317 Japanese Patent No. 4234788 Japanese Patent No. 6179291 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-125106
　文献１では、シートは骨盤を支持領域４７が前方へ可動するシステムを擁している。また、文献２では、シートはアーチ状の背凭れを備え、その頂点よりも下方に骨盤支持部１７を備える。 In Document 1, the seat has a system in which the support area 47 moves forward to support the pelvis. Further, in Document 2, the seat is provided with an arch-shaped backrest, and the pelvis support portion 17 is provided below the apex thereof.
　文献３では、実質的に仙骨部の幅だけ水平方向に延在する剛性のブロック部材（支持部材）４４で、仙骨基部を支持する。 In Document 3, the sacral base is supported by a rigid block member (support member) 44 that extends in the horizontal direction substantially by the width of the sacrum.
　文献４では、骨盤支持を行うサポート本体５１はサポート接続部５２を介してリクライニング機構の構成要素であるリクライニングロッドに支持されて回転可能である。 In Document 4, the support body 51 that supports the pelvis is supported by the reclining rod, which is a component of the reclining mechanism, and can rotate via the support connecting portion 52.
　文献５では、座面部の血流への影響の考察を基本とした構造であって、水平部６が骨盤の後側を支え、脊椎に沿った縦部７がその左右両側の部分を圧迫しないように形成されているが、縦部７は厚さ５センチ幅８センチであり、脊柱中央部にだけしか接触しないようになっている。その理由は、直接的な圧迫によりその他の部位において血流阻害を生じさせないためであると考えられる。 In Document 5, the structure is based on the consideration of the effect of the seating surface on blood flow, in which the horizontal portion 6 supports the posterior side of the pelvis and the vertical portion 7 along the spine does not press the left and right sides thereof. However, the vertical portion 7 is 5 cm thick and 8 cm wide, and is in contact with only the central portion of the spinal column. The reason is considered to be that the direct compression does not cause blood flow obstruction at other sites.
　一方で、本願発明者は、鍼灸整骨院を運営する長年の活動の中から、シートへの着座時（特に車両運転時）の肉体的・精神的疲労が、筋肉や脳への血流（酸素供給）、すなわち心機能や呼吸運動と非常に深く結び付いているにも関わらず、シートの座り心地の改善において、これまでそのような観点からの改善が十分でなかった。 On the other hand, the inventor of the present application has been involved in the activities of the acupuncture and moxibustion clinic for many years. Despite being very closely linked to supply), that is, cardiac function and respiratory movement, improvements in seat comfort have not been sufficient so far from that perspective.
　シートと呼吸の関係を説明するために、昨今多く見られる、包み込む形状のシートを例に挙げる。そのようなシートは、ホールド性や着座者とシートとの接触などの一次的な快適性などを重視する傾向が強く、身体のズレの防止や接触面積の増大などの目的で、包み込むような形状となっているものが大半である。このようなシートは、一次的には快適な座り心地を提供できても、これを時間軸に当てはめた場合、逆に二次的・三次的には人の生理活動を阻害する要因をも孕む。具体的には、例えば以下のような点である。
（１）理想的な直立軸から骨軸が逸脱（姿勢不良）し骨盤が後傾すると、体幹の自然な相対運動として、上体前屈（猫背様姿勢）が生じ、胸郭が変形し、胸郭内の環境が変化する。この結果、呼吸に関わる骨や筋群が直接的・力学的ストレスを受けることになり、呼吸運動が阻害される。より具体的には、以下のような現象が生じる：骨盤後傾によって頭部や肩部が前方へ移動（肩甲骨では外転と挙上運動が同時に発生）し、上半身が前方へと屈曲する→胸郭の前方部が縮み、背部や側胸部は拡張して皮膚や筋群が伸長される→（胸郭内部にある内臓器などの収蔵スペースを確保する必要性の結果、肋骨がリフトされる）→胸郭の収縮運動が阻害される、ならびに：胸郭が拡張される→ 胸郭容積を確保するために、胸郭の上下における長軸の短縮に対応して肋骨が吸気時のように持ち上がる→肋骨に付着する筋群や横隔膜が直接伸長され、収縮運動が阻害される。
（２）着座時は身体後面がシートによりサポートされるが、このとき横隔膜の身体後面における付着部である腰椎や下位肋骨部が圧迫されるため、横隔膜運動が阻害される（横隔膜の運動量・振幅は、肋骨の運動量・振幅に比例する）。この結果、通常呼吸時に比べて呼気における胸郭の収縮幅が減少（胸郭運動が減少）し、肺の換気能力が低下する（呼吸運動が阻害される）。横隔膜は心臓と肺を底面として支えており、横隔膜運動は心臓機能にも直接関与しているため、横隔膜運動の阻害は心機能にも悪影響を与える。またこのような圧迫以外にも、骨盤後傾時の第一腰椎近傍の脊柱後湾曲率の増大及び上記した腰椎への剪断力や離開力の発生した状況では、脊柱での体荷重支持力低下による筋肉への負担増や横隔膜自体の伸長によっても胸郭形状変化や胸郭運動阻害が生じ、心臓機能や呼吸運動への悪影響が発生する。さらに横隔膜運動の阻害は、各種の血管・神経や消化器などへのストレスも引き起こす。
（３）肋骨から骨盤の範囲内で包み込むようなサポートを行っている場合、それらの部位においては脊柱のみが硬組織として身体の中央部に存在しているため、その両側の軟組織、具体的には肋骨の運動に関わる筋群（腰方形筋、腰腸肋筋、及び内腹斜筋など）が圧迫される。肋骨の運動が妨げられる事は直接的に横隔膜の運動へ悪影響を与え、呼吸運動を著しく阻害する。胸腰部や周辺の筋群をホールド・サポートすれば胸郭運動・横隔膜運動が阻害されるのは避けられない。
（４）シートに水平方向の前方凸型腰部サポート部が含まれる場合、着座していないときに可能な人の背腰部の自由な近接（圧縮）運動（腰椎前弯達成時及び増強運動時（軽い上体反らしなど）に、腹部表面の張力を極力高めないように生じる）が、着座時にはこのサポート部との密着及び摩擦により阻害され、身体前面の腹部における不要な伸長現象が発生し、着座者に通常時よりも不快感を感じさせ、腰椎においては離開力が働いて非生理的状態となる、また、腰部サポート部を支点とした骨盤後傾が助長される場合も多い。
（５）腰椎前弯サポートを行っていても、着座時の座面を支点とした骨盤後傾の発生の防止が考慮されていなければ、腰椎に対して大きな剪断力・離開力が働く。 To explain the relationship between the seat and breathing, let's take an example of a wrapping-shaped seat that is often seen these days. Such seats tend to emphasize primary comfort such as holdability and contact between the seat and the seat, and have a shape that wraps around for the purpose of preventing body displacement and increasing the contact area. Most of them are. Although such a seat can provide a comfortable seating comfort in the first place, when it is applied to the time axis, it also has a factor that secondarily and tertiaryly inhibits a person's physiological activity. .. Specifically, for example, the following points.
(1) When the bone axis deviates from the ideal upright axis (poor posture) and the pelvis tilts backward, the upper body bends forward (cat-back-like posture) as a natural relative movement of the trunk, and the thorax deforms. The environment inside the thorax changes. As a result, the bones and muscle groups involved in breathing are directly and mechanically stressed, and respiratory movement is impaired. More specifically, the following phenomena occur: The pelvic tilt causes the head and shoulders to move forward (abduction and elevation movements occur simultaneously in the shoulder ribs), and the upper body bends forward. → The anterior part of the rib cage shrinks, the back and lateral chest expands, and the skin and muscles stretch → (The ribs are lifted as a result of the need to secure storage space for internal organs inside the rib cage) → The contraction movement of the thorax is inhibited, and: The thorax is expanded → The ribs are lifted like when inhaling in response to the shortening of the long axis above and below the ribs to secure the chest volume → Attached to the ribs The muscles and ribs that form the chest are directly stretched, and contractile movement is inhibited.
(2) When sitting, the posterior surface of the body is supported by the seat, but at this time, the lumbar spine and lower ribs, which are the attachment parts of the diaphragm on the posterior surface of the body, are compressed, so that the diaphragm movement is inhibited (momentum / amplitude of the diaphragm). Is proportional to the momentum and amplitude of the ribs). As a result, the contraction width of the thorax during exhalation is reduced (chest movement is reduced) and the ventilatory capacity of the lungs is reduced (respiratory movement is inhibited) as compared with normal breathing. Since the diaphragm supports the heart and lungs as the bottom surface, and diaphragmatic movement is directly involved in cardiac function, inhibition of diaphragmatic movement also adversely affects cardiac function. In addition to such compression, the body load bearing capacity in the spinal column decreases in the situation where the posterior curvature rate of the spinal column near the first lumbar spine increases when the pelvis is tilted backward and the above-mentioned shearing force and dehiscence force are generated on the lumbar spine. The increased burden on the muscles and the elongation of the diaphragm itself also cause changes in the shape of the pelvis and inhibition of thoracic movement, which adversely affects cardiac function and respiratory movement. Furthermore, inhibition of diaphragmatic movement also causes stress on various blood vessels / nerves and digestive organs.
(3) When the support is provided so as to wrap within the range from the ribs to the pelvis, since only the spinal column exists in the central part of the body as hard tissue in those parts, the soft tissues on both sides, specifically, The muscle groups involved in the movement of the ribs (quadratus lumborum, lumbar ribs, and internal oblique muscles, etc.) are compressed. Interfering with rib movement directly adversely affects diaphragm movement and significantly impairs respiratory movement. It is inevitable that thoracic movement and diaphragmatic movement will be inhibited if the chest and hips and surrounding muscle groups are held and supported.
(4) If the seat includes a horizontal anterior convex lumbar support, the person's dorso-lumbar free proximity (compression) movement (at the time of achieving lumbar lordosis and during augmentation movement) that is possible when not sitting ( It occurs so as not to increase the tension on the abdominal surface as much as possible due to slight bending of the upper body), but when sitting, it is hindered by the close contact and friction with this support part, and an unnecessary stretching phenomenon occurs in the abdomen on the front of the body, and sitting. In many cases, the person feels more uncomfortable than usual, and the lumbar spine is in a non-physiological state due to the dehiscence force, and the pelvic tilting with the lumbar support as a fulcrum is promoted.
(5) Even if lumbar lordosis support is performed, a large shearing force / separation force acts on the lumbar spine if prevention of pelvic backward tilting with the seating surface as a fulcrum at the time of sitting is not taken into consideration.
　例えば文献１～５に記載されているような骨盤後傾防止の観点に立った技術において、上記（１）～（５）に記載したようなシートが着座者の呼吸に与える影響を考慮したものは、ほとんど見当たらない。 For example, in the technique described in Documents 1 to 5 from the viewpoint of preventing pelvic tilt, the effect of the seat as described in (1) to (5) above on the breathing of the seated person is taken into consideration. Is hardly found.
　上記したように、シートが着座者の呼吸に関わる身体部位である胸郭や腰椎・骨盤の生理的位置関係の逸脱を招く結果生じる、呼吸運動関連体内部環境(内臓や横隔膜運動)へのストレスや、それに付随する呼吸運動に関わる筋群への伸長外力や直接的に強く圧迫することなどにより、呼吸運動を阻害している場合があるにも関わらず、これらの観点はシートの座り心地の改善において深く考慮されてきておらず、これらの問題を腰部への負担の軽減と共に解決する技術は、実現していないと思われる。 As mentioned above, stress on the internal environment of the respiratory movement-related body (visceral and diaphragmatic movement) that results from the deviation of the physiological positional relationship of the rib cage, lumbar spine, and pelvis, which are the body parts related to the breathing of the seated person, However, these viewpoints improve the sitting comfort of the seat, even though the respiratory movement may be hindered by the accompanying external force of extension to the muscle group related to the respiratory movement or direct strong pressure. It seems that the technology to solve these problems together with the reduction of the burden on the lower back has not been realized.
　従って、本発明の課題は、腰部への負担の軽減と呼吸運動の阻害の軽減とを目的として：
Ａ：骨盤後傾の抑止（骨軸を直立軸へと誘導して胸郭後方部の伸長を軽減し、胸郭の生理的形状を確保する）
Ｂ：骨盤（腸骨稜から上後腸骨棘までの区域）から下位肋骨へ走行する、呼吸（肋骨の運動）に関わる筋群（腰方形筋、腰腸肋筋、及び内腹斜筋などの軟組織）への圧迫の回避（開放）（胸郭運動阻害要因の除去）
Ｃ：従来技術に比べ製造が容易かつ安価であり、構造が単純であり、使用が容易であること
を同時に実現する、シート用のシートクッション、又はシートを提供することである。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to reduce the burden on the lumbar region and reduce the inhibition of respiratory movements:
A: Suppression of pelvic tilt (guides the bone axis to the upright axis to reduce the extension of the posterior part of the thorax and secure the physiological shape of the thorax)
B: Muscle groups related to breathing (quadratus lumborum, lumbar iliac crest, internal oblique muscle, etc.) that run from the pelvis (the area from the iliac crest to the superior posterior iliac crest) to the lower ribs. Avoiding (opening) pressure on the soft tissue) (removing factors that inhibit thoracic movement)
C: To provide a seat cushion or a seat for a seat, which is easier and cheaper to manufacture than the prior art, has a simple structure, and is easy to use at the same time.
　上記課題を解決するために、本願発明のいくつかの実施形態では、着座者の硬組織をしっかりと支持できる材料を含む骨盤支持部を備え、着座者の呼吸に関わる筋群を圧迫しない形状及び寸法に構成された、シートクッションが提供される。 In order to solve the above problems, in some embodiments of the present invention, a pelvic support portion containing a material capable of firmly supporting the hard tissue of the occupant is provided, and a shape and a shape that do not press the muscle groups involved in the occupant's breathing are provided. Seat cushions configured to the dimensions are provided.
　本願発明の更なる実施形態では、着座者の硬組織をしっかりと支持できる材料を含む骨盤支持部を含む骨盤サポートと、着座者の硬組織をしっかりと支持できる材料を含む着座者の脊柱及びその側方の筋群を支持する脊柱サポートと、を備え、着座者の呼吸に関わる筋群を圧迫しない形状及び寸法に構成された、シートクッションが提供される。 In a further embodiment of the present invention, a pelvic support including a pelvic support comprising a material capable of firmly supporting the hard tissue of the occupant, and a vertebral column of the occupant including a material capable of firmly supporting the hard tissue of the occupant and the like thereof. A seat cushion is provided that includes a spinal column support that supports the lateral muscle groups and is configured in a shape and size that does not press on the respiratory muscle groups of the occupant.
　本願発明の更に別の実施形態では、着座者の硬組織をしっかりと支持できる材料を含む骨盤支持部を含む骨盤サポートと、着座者の硬組織をしっかりと支持できる材料を含む着座者の脊柱を支持する脊柱サポートと、下位肋骨より上位を支持するサポート部と、を備え、着座者の呼吸に関わる筋群を圧迫しない形状及び寸法に構成された、シートクッションが提供される。 In yet another embodiment of the invention, a pelvic support comprising a pelvic support comprising a material capable of firmly supporting the occupant's hard tissue and a occupant's spinal column comprising a material capable of firmly supporting the occupant's hard tissue. A seat cushion is provided that includes a supporting spinal column support and a support portion that supports above the lower ribs, and is configured in a shape and size that does not press on the respiratory muscles of the occupant.
　上記各シートクッションは、着座者の臀部の垂直方向の移動にシートクッションを追随させるように構成された、臀部載置部を有してもよい。 Each of the above seat cushions may have a buttock resting portion configured to follow the seat cushion in the vertical movement of the buttock of the seated person.
　本願発明の更に別の実施形態では、上記各シートクッションの特徴を備えたシートが提供される。 In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a seat having the characteristics of each of the above seat cushions is provided.
本願発明の第１の実施形態によるシートクッションの全体斜視図Overall perspective view of the seat cushion according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図１－１の正面図Front view of FIG. 1-1 図１－１の側面図Side view of FIG. 1-1 着座者の骨盤を透視した、本願発明の第１の実施形態の使用状態の側面図A side view of the usage state of the first embodiment of the present invention, through which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through. 本願発明の第１の実施形態によるシートクッションの変形例の全体斜視図Overall perspective view of a modified example of the seat cushion according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図１－５の正面図Front view of FIG. 1-5 図１－５の側面図Side view of FIG. 1-5 着座者の骨盤を透視した、本願発明の第１の実施形態の変形例の使用状態の側面図A side view of a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention in which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through. 本願発明の第２の実施形態によるシートクッションの全体斜視図Overall perspective view of the seat cushion according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図２－１の正面図Front view of FIG. 2-1 図２－１の側面図Side view of FIG. 2-1 着座者の骨盤を透視した、本願発明の第２の実施形態の使用状態の側面図Side view of the usage state of the second embodiment of the present invention, through which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through. 背凭れが高い椅子に第２の実施形態を適用した状態の側面図Side view of the state where the second embodiment is applied to a chair with a high backrest. 本願発明の第３の実施形態によるシートクッションの全体斜視図Overall perspective view of the seat cushion according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 図３－１の正面図Front view of FIG. 3-1 図３－１の側面図Side view of FIG. 3-1 着座者の骨盤を透視した、本願発明の第３の実施形態の使用状態の側面図A side view of the usage state of the third embodiment of the present invention, which is a perspective view of the pelvis of the seated person. 本願発明の第３の実施形態によるシートクッションの変形例の全体斜視図Overall perspective view of a modified example of the seat cushion according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 本願発明の第４の実施形態によるシートクッションの全体斜視図Overall perspective view of the seat cushion according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 図４－１の正面図Front view of FIG. 4-1 図４－１の側面図Side view of FIG. 4-1 着座者の骨盤を透視した、本願発明の第４の実施形態の使用状態の側面図Side view of the usage state of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, through which the pelvis of the seated person is seen through. 本願発明の骨盤支持部又は骨盤サポートの臀部載置部の別の例を示す側面図Side view showing another example of the pelvis support part of the present invention or the buttock resting part of a pelvis support. 高剛性部位と低剛性部位とから成る脊柱サポートの正面模式図Frontal schematic view of the spinal column support consisting of a high-rigidity part and a low-rigidity part 関連する骨構造並びに呼吸に関わる背面の筋群及び横隔膜の位置関係を示す図Diagram showing the positional relationship between the related bone structure and the posterior muscle groups and diaphragm involved in respiration. 本願発明の一実施形態の使用状態の斜視図Perspective view of the usage state of one embodiment of the present invention
　以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態を、図面を参照しながら順に説明する。これらは好ましい一例であり、本願発明はこれらの説明及び／又は図面に限定されず、本発明の考えと概念が符合するものは、本発明の範疇である。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in order with reference to the drawings. These are preferable examples, and the present invention is not limited to these explanations and / or drawings, and those in which the ideas and concepts of the present invention match are within the scope of the present invention.
　本明細書で使用する水平方向、垂直方向、厚さ方向は、図１に記載した座標軸のＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸にそれぞれ対応している。 The horizontal direction, vertical direction, and thickness direction used in the present specification correspond to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the coordinate axes shown in FIG. 1, respectively.
　まず、本願発明の第１の実施形態について、図１－１～１－４を参照して記載する。第１の実施形態は、着座者の硬組織を介して着座者の体重が荷重されても着座者をしっかり支持できる硬度を有する材料で製造された、シートの背凭れに立て掛けて使用するシートクッション１である。 First, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1-1 to 1-4. The first embodiment is a seat cushion used by leaning against the backrest of the seat, which is made of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seater even when the weight of the seater is loaded through the hard tissue of the seater. It is 1.
　シートクッション１は正面視して略矩形であり、側面視して実質的に均一の厚さＴ１を有し、高さＨ１は着座者の腸骨稜の高さ以下である。ただし、シートクッション１の正面視した形状は、シートの座面に安定的に載置できかつ後述する水平方向の骨盤支持部１０を有効に確保できる形状でありさえすれば特に矩形には限定されず、例えば水平方向に長い楕円、緩やかな台形の形状なども企図される。 The seat cushion 1 is substantially rectangular when viewed from the front, has a substantially uniform thickness T1 when viewed from the side, and the height H1 is equal to or lower than the height of the iliac crest of the seated person. However, the shape of the seat cushion 1 when viewed from the front is particularly limited to a rectangular shape as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and can effectively secure the horizontal pelvis support portion 10 described later. However, for example, a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable.
　更にシートクッション１の形状については、シートクッション１の着座者に面する面を、下にいくほど着座者側に向かって直線的に突出させて、側面視して斜辺が末広がりに傾斜した台形の形状とすることも可能である。この実施形態については、図１－５～１－８に図示してある。 Further, regarding the shape of the seat cushion 1, the surface of the seat cushion 1 facing the occupant is projected linearly toward the occupant side as it goes down, and the hypotenuse is inclined toward the end when viewed from the side. It can also be shaped. This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 to 1-8.
　シートクッション１は、着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部１０と、仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部１１と、を含む。 The seat cushion 1 includes a pelvis support portion 10 that supports the sacrum and / or the hip bone of the seated person, and a pelvis non-support portion 11 that does not support the sacrum and / or the hip bone.
　骨盤支持部１０は、着座者の腸骨稜の最高位より下位（第５腰椎を含む腰仙椎移行部を上位とした高さから下位）にある、シートクッション１において厚さＴ１が最大となる部分で、シートクッション１の上端近くに、正面視して水平方向に、シートクッション１の着座者に面する面に沿って平面状に形成されており、図示した例ではシートクッション１の上端近くに存在している。この骨盤支持部１０が、通常の着座動作時に着座者の骨盤と最初に当接して、後方へ突出する硬組織である第３仙椎棘突起部や上後腸骨棘を強く圧迫する事となり、骨盤後傾を抑止しながら、それより上位への圧迫を減ずる結果となる。 The pelvis support portion 10 has the maximum thickness T1 in the seat cushion 1 located below the highest position of the iliac crest of the seated person (lower than the height with the lumbosacral transition portion including the 5th lumbar vertebra as the upper position). The upper end of the seat cushion 1 is formed in a horizontal direction in the horizontal direction near the upper end of the seat cushion 1 along the surface of the seat cushion 1 facing the occupant. It exists nearby. The pelvis support portion 10 first comes into contact with the pelvis of the occupant during normal sitting operation, and strongly presses the third sacral spinous process and the posterior superior iliac spine, which are hard tissues protruding posteriorly. As a result, the pressure on the upper part is reduced while suppressing the backward tilt of the pelvis.
　水平帯状の骨盤支持部１０の上下にあるのが骨盤非支持部１１である。上側の骨盤非支持部１１は上にいくほど厚さＴ１が小さくなり、図示した実施形態では、骨盤支持部１０の直上で側面視してＲを描いて、骨盤の高さを超えない高さでほぼ水平に変向している。
この形状にすることで、着座者の背面の骨盤より上位の部分と背凭れとの間に空間が確保されて、呼吸に関連する筋群への圧迫の回避を達成できる。 Above and below the horizontal band-shaped pelvis support portion 10 are pelvis non-support portions 11. The thickness T1 of the upper pelvis non-supporting portion 11 becomes smaller toward the top, and in the illustrated embodiment, an R is drawn from the side directly above the pelvis supporting portion 10, and the height does not exceed the height of the pelvis. It is turning almost horizontally.
With this shape, a space is secured between the part above the pelvis on the back of the seated person and the backrest, and it is possible to avoid pressure on the muscle groups related to breathing.
　この第１の実施形態のシートクッション１は、シートの背凭れの高低に関わらず使用できる。詳細は、図２－５を参照して後述する第２の実施形態のシートクッションの説明と同様であるので、そちらを参照されたい。 The seat cushion 1 of the first embodiment can be used regardless of the height of the backrest of the seat. The details are the same as the description of the seat cushion of the second embodiment described later with reference to FIG. 2-5, so please refer to that.
　次に本願発明の第２の実施形態について、図２－１～２－５を参照して記載する。第２の実施形態は、着座者の硬組織を介して着座者の体重が荷重されても着座者をしっかり支持できる硬度を有する材料で製造された、シートの背凭れに立て掛けて使用するシートクッション２である。 Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2-1 to 2-5. The second embodiment is a seat cushion used by leaning against the backrest of the seat, which is made of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seater even when the weight of the seater is loaded through the hard tissue of the seater. It is 2.
　シートクッション２は正面視して略矩形であり、側面視して背凭れから離れる方へとアーチ状に膨出した形状であり、高さＨ２は着座者の腸骨稜の高さを超えている。ただし、シートクッション２の正面視した形状は、シートの座面に安定的に載置できかつ後述する水平方向の骨盤支持部２０を有効に確保できる形状でありさえすれば特に矩形には限定されず、例えば水平方向に長い楕円、緩やかな台形の形状なども企図される。 The seat cushion 2 has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front, and has a shape that bulges in an arch shape toward the side away from the backrest, and the height H2 exceeds the height of the iliac crest of the seated person. There is. However, the shape of the seat cushion 2 when viewed from the front is particularly limited to a rectangular shape as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and can effectively secure the horizontal pelvis support portion 20 described later. However, for example, a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable.
　シートクッション２は、着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部２０と、仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部２１と、を含む。 The seat cushion 2 includes a pelvis support portion 20 that supports the sacrum and / or the hip bone of the seated person, and a pelvis non-support portion 21 that does not support the sacrum and / or the hip bone.
　骨盤支持部２０は、着座者の腸骨稜の最高位より下位にある、シートクッション２において厚さＴ２が最大となる部分で、この実施形態ではアーチ状膨出部２００の頂点Ｖ２００に沿って、シートクッション２の正面視して水平方向に形成されており、図示した例ではシートクッション２の垂直方向中央付近に存在している。この骨盤支持部２０が、通常の着座動作時に着座者の骨盤と最初に当接して、その仙骨をシートの背凭れから一定の距離に支持することによって、骨盤後傾が抑止され、腰椎湾曲の生理性が保たれる。 The pelvis support portion 20 is a portion below the highest position of the iliac crest of the seated person and has the maximum thickness T2 in the seat cushion 2, and in this embodiment, along the apex V200 of the arched bulge portion 200. , It is formed in the horizontal direction when viewed from the front of the seat cushion 2, and in the illustrated example, it exists near the center of the seat cushion 2 in the vertical direction. The pelvis support portion 20 first comes into contact with the pelvis of the occupant during normal sitting operation and supports the sacrum at a certain distance from the backrest of the seat, thereby suppressing pelvic tilt and bending the lumbar spine. Physiologicality is maintained.
　上記水平帯状の骨盤支持部２０の上下にあるのが骨盤非支持部２１である。上下いずれの骨盤非支持部２１も、骨盤支持部２０を頂点としてそこから遠ざかるほどＲを描いて厚さＴ２が小さくなっている。ただしＲを持たせることは必須ではなく、平坦な斜面、階段状等、厚さが小さくなる様態であれば問題は無い。平面であれば、骨盤支持部を頂点として、後方への傾斜角度は強い程良い。図示した形状は望ましい形状であるが、上側の骨盤非支持部２１のＲの角度を更に強くしてもよく、その場合最終的には第１の実施形態の形状となり、骨盤を超える高さの部材が消失することになる。この形状にすることで、着座者の背面の骨盤より上位の部分と背凭れとの間に空間が確保されるか少なくとも着座者の背面がほとんど圧迫されず、骨盤を超える高さが有っても、幅広い範囲の患者に対して、骨盤後傾現象を抑止しながらの呼吸に関連する筋群への圧迫の回避を達成できる。 Above and below the horizontal band-shaped pelvis support portion 20 is the pelvis non-support portion 21. The thickness T2 of both the upper and lower pelvis non-supporting portions 21 becomes smaller as the pelvis supporting portion 20 is at the apex and the distance from the pelvis supporting portion 20 is increased. However, it is not essential to have R, and there is no problem as long as the thickness is reduced, such as on a flat slope or in a staircase pattern. If it is a flat surface, the stronger the backward inclination angle is, the better, with the pelvis support as the apex. Although the illustrated shape is a desirable shape, the angle of R of the upper pelvis non-supporting portion 21 may be further increased, in which case the shape finally becomes the shape of the first embodiment and the height exceeds the pelvis. The member will disappear. By making this shape, a space is secured between the part above the pelvis on the back of the seat and the backrest, or at least the back of the seat is hardly compressed, and there is a height exceeding the pelvis. However, for a wide range of patients, avoidance of pressure on the muscle groups related to breathing can be achieved while suppressing the phenomenon of pelvic tilt.
　この第２の実施形態のシートクッション２は、第１の実施形態と同様に、シートの背凭れの高低に関わらず使用できる。すなわち、背凭れの低い椅子を使用している図２－４では、そもそも着座者の下位肋骨上位の上半身を支持できる部材が存在しないため、着座者の背面は骨盤支持部２０のみによって支持されることになる。一方、図２－５に示すように背凭れが高い椅子を使用する場合、骨盤後傾を骨盤支持部２０で抑止している為、腰椎の生理的前弯を損なわずに上半身を背凭れに預ける事が可となり、この結果、下位肋骨から骨盤上位までの筋群への圧迫を回避できると共に、上半身をサポートする部位への着座者の上半身の圧着が可能となる為、着座者の安定性が確保される。 The seat cushion 2 of the second embodiment can be used regardless of the height of the backrest of the seat, as in the first embodiment. That is, in FIG. 2-4 in which a chair with a low backrest is used, since there is no member that can support the upper body above the lower ribs of the seated person in the first place, the back surface of the seated person is supported only by the pelvis support portion 20. It will be. On the other hand, when a chair with a high backrest is used as shown in Fig. 2-5, the pelvic tilt is suppressed by the pelvic support portion 20, so that the upper body can be leaned back without damaging the physiological lordosis of the lumbar spine. As a result, it is possible to avoid pressure on the muscle group from the lower ribs to the upper part of the pelvis, and it is possible to crimp the upper body of the seated person to the part that supports the upper body, so that the seated person is stable. Is secured.
　次に本願発明の第３の実施形態について、図３－１～３－４を参照して記載する。第３の実施形態は、着座者の硬組織を介して着座者の体重が荷重されても着座者をしっかり支持できる硬度を有する材料で製造された、シートの背凭れに立て掛けて使用する、逆Ｔ字形のシートクッション３である。 Next, the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3-1 to 3-4. A third embodiment is used by leaning against the backrest of a seat made of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the occupant even when the occupant's weight is loaded through the occupant's hard tissue. It is a T-shaped seat cushion 3.
　シートクッション３は、着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部３１０、及び、着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部３１１を備える、骨盤サポート３１と、骨盤サポート３１の頂面の正面視して中心部から立設した、着座者の脊柱及びその両側の筋群を支持する脊柱サポート３２と、を備える。 The seat cushion 3 includes a pelvis support 31 and a pelvis supporting portion 310 that supports the sacrum and / or the pelvis of the seated person and a pelvis non-supporting portion 311 that does not support the sacrum and / or the pelvis of the seated person. The support 31 is provided with a spinal column support 32 that supports the sacral column of the occupant and the muscle groups on both sides thereof, which is erected from the center of the top surface of the support 31 when viewed from the front.
　骨盤サポート３１は正面視して略矩形であり、側面視して実質的に均一の厚さＴ３１を有し、高さＨ３１は着座者の腸骨稜の高さ以下である。ただし、骨盤サポート３１の正面視した形状は、シートの座面に安定的に載置できかつ水平方向の骨盤支持部３１０を有効に確保できる形状でありさえすれば特に矩形には限定されず、例えば水平方向に長い楕円、緩やかな台形の形状なども企図される。 The pelvis support 31 is substantially rectangular when viewed from the front, has a substantially uniform thickness T31 when viewed from the side, and the height H31 is equal to or lower than the height of the iliac crest of the seated person. However, the front view shape of the pelvis support 31 is not particularly limited to a rectangular shape as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and the horizontal pelvis support portion 310 can be effectively secured. For example, a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable.
　更に骨盤サポート３１の形状については、骨盤サポート３１の着座者に面する面を、下にいくほど着座者側に向かって直線的に突出させて、側面視して斜辺が末広がりに傾斜した台形の形状とすることも可能である。この実施形態については、図３－５の（ｉ）及び（ｉｉ）に図示してある。 Further, regarding the shape of the pelvis support 31, the surface of the pelvis support 31 facing the occupant is projected linearly toward the occupant side as it goes down, and the hypotenuse is inclined toward the end when viewed from the side. It can also be shaped. This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 3-5 (i) and (ii).
　骨盤支持部３１０は、着座者の腸骨稜の最高位より下位にある、骨盤サポート３１において厚さＴ３１が最大となる部分で、骨盤サポート３１の正面視して水平方向に、骨盤サポート３１の着座者に面する面に沿って平面状に形成されており、図示した例ではシートクッション３の垂直方向中央付近に存在している。この骨盤支持部３１０が、通常の着座動作時に着座者の骨盤と最初に当接して、その仙骨をシートの背凭れから一定の距離に支持することによって、骨盤後傾が抑止され、腰椎湾曲の生理性が保たれる。 The pelvis support portion 310 is a portion of the pelvis support 31 that is below the highest position of the iliac crest of the occupant and has the maximum thickness T31. It is formed in a plane along the surface facing the occupant, and in the illustrated example, it exists near the center of the seat cushion 3 in the vertical direction. The pelvic support 310 first contacts the pelvis of the occupant during normal sitting movements and supports the sacrum at a certain distance from the back of the seat, thereby suppressing pelvic backward tilt and bending the lumbar spine. Physiologicality is maintained.
　骨盤支持部３１０の直上には骨盤非支持部３１１が存在し、ここから連続して脊柱サポート３２が上向きに延在しているが、着座者の接触感を改善する目的で、この骨盤非支持部３１１の上短縁部（すなわち骨盤サポート３１の上端縁部）を頂点から遠ざかるほどＲ形状にし、脊柱サポート３２の厚みは４センチ程度にするのが望ましい。これにより、着座者の背面の骨盤より上位の部分と背凭れとの間に空間が確保されるか少なくとも着座者の背面がほとんど圧迫されず、骨盤後傾現象を抑止しながらの呼吸に関連する筋群への圧迫の回避効果が向上する。ただしＲを持たせることは必須ではなく、斜面、階段状等、厚さが小さくなる様態であれば問題は無い。 There is a pelvis non-supporting portion 311 directly above the pelvis supporting portion 310, and the spinal column support 32 extends upward continuously from this portion, but this pelvic non-supporting portion is used for the purpose of improving the contact feeling of the seated person. It is desirable that the upper short edge portion of the portion 311 (that is, the upper end edge portion of the pelvis support 31) has an R shape as the distance from the apex increases, and the thickness of the spinal column support 32 is about 4 cm. This ensures a space between the part above the pelvis on the back of the occupant and the backrest, or at least the back of the occupant is hardly compressed, which is related to breathing while suppressing the pelvic backward tilt phenomenon. The effect of avoiding pressure on the muscle group is improved. However, it is not essential to have R, and there is no problem as long as the thickness is small, such as on a slope or in a staircase.
　脊柱サポート３２は、正面視して略矩形であり、アーチ状膨出部３２０を有して、上面視して背凭れから離れる方へと中央垂直軸を中心にアーチ状に膨出した形状、言わば円柱を垂直方向に薄く裁断したような形状を有する。脊柱サポート３２が脊柱及びその側方の筋群をサポートする事で、第１及び第２の実施形態と比較して着座者の安定性が高まる。但し、脊柱サポート３２は着座者の上位胸椎まで延在するが、肩甲骨自体やそれ以外の身体部位は圧迫しないようなサイズ及び形状となっている。なお、脊柱の側方の筋群呼吸に関連する筋群も脊柱サポート３２によって支持されるが、着座者からの荷重のほとんどは硬組織である脊柱とアーチ状膨出部３２０の頂点Ｖ３２０との当接部で受けられることになるため、これらの筋群は呼吸運動に悪影響を及ぼす程の圧迫は受けない。脊柱サポート３２によって脊柱での荷重量が増大すると、逆に肋骨での荷重量が減少するので、スムーズな呼吸運動が更に促進される。 The spinal column support 32 has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front, has an arch-shaped bulge 320, and has an arch-shaped bulge about the central vertical axis toward a distance from the backrest when viewed from above. So to speak, it has a shape like a thinly cut cylinder in the vertical direction. The spinal column support 32 supports the spinal column and its lateral muscle groups to increase the stability of the seated person as compared to the first and second embodiments. However, the spinal column support 32 extends to the upper thoracic vertebra of the seated person, but is sized and shaped so as not to press the scapula itself or other body parts. Lateral muscle groups of the spinal column The muscle groups related to breathing are also supported by the spinal column support 32, but most of the load from the seated person is between the spinal column, which is a hard tissue, and the apex V320 of the arched bulge 320. These muscle groups are not pressed to the extent that they adversely affect respiratory movements, as they will be received at the abutment. When the load on the spinal column is increased by the spinal column support 32, the load on the ribs is decreased, so that smooth breathing movement is further promoted.
　この第３の実施形態では、肩甲骨自体を含む外側部へのバックサポートがない為、上半身の自由な回旋運動が可能であり、着座しながらの運動が容易になる利益がある。たとえば、物を取る、自動車の運転操作（特にハンドル操作）、各種リハビリテーション、家庭用／業務用ビデオゲーム等の遊戯時の上体運動など、座ったままの動作が容易になる。これらの効果を実現するための脊柱サポート３２の望ましい寸法の一例は、厚さ５ｃｍ、幅２０ｃｍである。また、着座者の接触感を改善する目的で骨盤サポート３１の上端の骨盤非支持部３１１の厚さを漸減させる場合には、厚さは４ｃｍ程度が望ましい。 In this third embodiment, since there is no back support to the outer part including the scapula itself, it is possible to freely rotate the upper body, and there is an advantage that the exercise while sitting is easy. For example, it becomes easy to perform movements while sitting, such as picking up an object, driving a car (especially steering wheel operation), various rehabilitation, and upper body exercise during playing of home / business video games. An example of desirable dimensions of the spinal support 32 to achieve these effects is 5 cm thick and 20 cm wide. Further, when the thickness of the pelvis non-support portion 311 at the upper end of the pelvis support 31 is gradually reduced for the purpose of improving the contact feeling of the seated person, the thickness is preferably about 4 cm.
　第３の実施形態のシートクッション３は、背凭れがシートクッション３の高さよりも高いシートに特に好適に適用され得る。 The seat cushion 3 of the third embodiment can be particularly preferably applied to a seat whose backrest is higher than the height of the seat cushion 3.
　次に本願発明の第４の実施形態について、図４－１～４－４を参照して記載する。第４の実施形態は、シートの背凭れに立て掛けて使用する、概観して「工」の字形のシートクッション４である。 Next, the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4-1 to 4-4. A fourth embodiment is an generally "work" -shaped seat cushion 4 that is used by leaning against the backrest of the seat.
　シートクッション４は、着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部４１０、及び、着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部４１１を備える、骨盤サポート４１と、骨盤サポート４１の頂面の正面視して中心部から立設した、着座者の脊柱を支持する脊柱サポート４２と、脊柱サポート４２の上に添設した、着座者の下位肋骨より上位を支持する、脊柱サポート４２よりも正面視して幅広の上位サポート４３と、を備える。 The seat cushion 4 comprises a pelvis support 41 and a pelvis support portion 410 that supports the sacral bone and / or the pelvis of the seated person and a pelvic non-supporting portion 411 that does not support the sacral bone and / or the pelvic bone of the seated person. A spinal support 42 that supports the pelvis of the occupant, which stands from the center of the top of the support 41 when viewed from the front, and a pelvic support 42 that is attached above the pelvic support 42 and supports the upper part of the lower ribs of the occupant. It is equipped with an upper support 43, which is wider than the spinal support 42 when viewed from the front.
　骨盤サポート４１は正面視して略矩形であり、側面視して実質的に均一の厚さＴ４１を有し、高さＨ４１は着座者の腸骨稜の高さ以下である。ただし、骨盤サポート４１の正面視した形状は、シートの座面に安定的に載置できかつ水平方向の骨盤支持部４１０を有効に確保できる形状でありさえすれば特に矩形には限定されず、例えば水平方向に長い楕円、緩やかな台形の形状なども企図される。骨盤サポート４１は、着座者の硬組織を介して着座者の体重が荷重されても着座者をしっかり支持できる硬度を有する材料で製造されている。 The pelvis support 41 is substantially rectangular when viewed from the front, has a substantially uniform thickness T41 when viewed from the side, and the height H41 is equal to or lower than the height of the iliac crest of the seated person. However, the shape of the pelvis support 41 viewed from the front is not particularly limited to a rectangle as long as it can be stably placed on the seat surface of the seat and the horizontal pelvis support portion 410 can be effectively secured. For example, a horizontally long ellipse and a gentle trapezoidal shape are also conceivable. The pelvis support 41 is manufactured of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seated person even when the weight of the seated person is loaded through the hard tissue of the seated person.
　骨盤支持部４１０は、着座者の腸骨稜の最高位より下位にある、骨盤サポート４１において厚さＴ４１が最大となる部分で、骨盤サポート４１の正面視して水平方向に平面状に形成されており、図示した例では骨盤サポートの上端近くに存在している。 The pelvis support portion 410 is a portion of the pelvis support 41 having the maximum thickness T41, which is below the highest position of the iliac crest of the seated person, and is formed in a horizontal plane when viewed from the front of the pelvis support 41. In the illustrated example, it is located near the upper end of the pelvic support.
　骨盤支持部４１０の直上には骨盤非支持部４１１が存在し、ここから連続して脊柱サポート４２が上向きに上位サポート４３まで延在しているが、第３の実施形態と同様に、着座者の接触感を改善する目的で、この骨盤非支持部４１１の上短縁部（すなわち骨盤サポート４１の上端縁部）を頂点から遠ざかるほどＲ形状にし、脊柱サポート４２の厚みは４センチ程度にするのが望ましい。これにより、着座者の背面の骨盤より上位の部分と背凭れとの間に空間が確保されるか少なくとも着座者の背面がほとんど圧迫されず、骨盤後傾現象を抑止しながらの呼吸に関連する筋群への圧迫の回避効果が向上する。ただしＲを持たせることは必須ではなく、斜面、階段状等、厚さが小さくなる様態であれば問題は無い。 A pelvis non-support portion 411 exists directly above the pelvis support portion 410, from which the spinal column support 42 extends upward to the upper support 43, but as in the third embodiment, the seated person. For the purpose of improving the contact feeling of the pelvis, the upper short edge portion of the pelvis non-support portion 411 (that is, the upper end edge portion of the pelvis support 41) is made R-shaped as the distance from the apex is increased, and the thickness of the spinal column support 42 is about 4 cm. Is desirable. This ensures a space between the part above the pelvis on the back of the occupant and the backrest, or at least the back of the occupant is hardly compressed, which is related to breathing while suppressing the pelvic backward tilt phenomenon. The effect of avoiding pressure on the muscle group is improved. However, it is not essential to have R, and there is no problem as long as the thickness is small, such as on a slope or in a staircase.
　脊柱サポート４２は、着座者の硬組織を介して着座者の体重が荷重されても着座者をしっかり支持できる硬度を有する材料で製造されている。第３の実施形態の脊柱サポート３２と同様の裁断した円柱状のバックサポートである。ただし第４の実施形態では、脊柱サポート４２の頂部は下位肋骨以下の範囲内にあり、かつ、脊柱サポート４２より上位に広範囲なバックサポートを有する事で着座者の安定性が確保される為、第３の実施形態の脊柱サポート３２よりも幅を狭くすることができる（最小で約８ｃｍ）。脊柱サポート４２は、脊柱のみをしっかりとサポートし、呼吸運動を阻害するような圧力・外力が呼吸に関わる軟組織へ及ばないような形態で形成される。なお同じ効果を達成できるのであれば、角柱等他の形状も可能である。 The spinal column support 42 is manufactured of a material having a hardness that can firmly support the seated person even if the weight of the seated person is loaded through the hard tissue of the seated person. It is a cut columnar back support similar to the spinal column support 32 of the third embodiment. However, in the fourth embodiment, the top of the spinal column support 42 is within the range below the lower ribs, and the seated person's stability is ensured by having a wide range of back supports above the spinal column support 42. It can be narrower than the spinal support 32 of the third embodiment (minimum about 8 cm). The spinal column support 42 is formed in such a form that it firmly supports only the spinal column and the pressure / external force that inhibits respiratory movement does not reach the soft tissues involved in breathing. Other shapes such as prisms are also possible as long as the same effect can be achieved.
　上位サポート４３は、下位肋骨よりも上位の、肩甲骨周囲や脊柱両側の筋肉などの背中の筋肉に接触及び／又は支持するためバックサポートである。上位サポート４３の目的は着座者の上体の安定確保である。特に背凭れの高いシートの場合は着座者の上体の後傾が強くなる傾向があるので、これによる質量バランス不均衡を生じさせないためにも、支持部材に上体を預けて安定性を確保することが必然となる。上位サポート４３は図では矩形のシンプルなクッション形態であるが一例であり、着座者の上体の安定確保を達成可能な部材でさえあれば、材質、形状、寸法等は問わず、例えば、既存の乗り物シートのような縦Ｒ凹面形状の包み込むような支持部材や、低剛性の材料から成る支持部材などであってもよい。 The upper support 43 is a back support for contacting and / or supporting the back muscles such as the muscles around the scapula and both sides of the spinal column, which are higher than the lower ribs. The purpose of the upper support 43 is to secure the stability of the upper body of the seated person. Especially in the case of a seat with a high backrest, the seater's upper body tends to tilt backwards more strongly, so in order to prevent the mass balance imbalance caused by this, the upper body is entrusted to the support member to ensure stability. It is inevitable to do. The upper support 43 is a simple rectangular cushion in the figure, but it is an example. As long as it is a member that can secure the stability of the upper body of the seated person, the material, shape, dimensions, etc. are not limited, for example, the existing one. It may be a support member having a vertical R concave shape such as a vehicle seat, or a support member made of a low-rigidity material.
　第３及び第４の実施形態の脊柱サポート３２、４２は、骨盤サポート３１、４１や上位サポート４３と比較して幅の狭い、両サイドに空間のある部材となっている。この場合、脊柱サポートを正面視して垂直方向に３分割したと仮定して、中央部分を骨盤サポートと同じ着座者の硬組織を安定して支持できる硬度の材料で作成し、両サイド部分は中央部分よりも硬度の低い材料で作成することで、実質的に同じ効果を奏する、より幅の広い脊柱サポートを作成することも可能である。 The spinal column supports 32 and 42 of the third and fourth embodiments are narrower than the pelvic supports 31 and 41 and the upper support 43, and are members having spaces on both sides. In this case, assuming that the spinal support is divided into three in the vertical direction when viewed from the front, the central part is made of the same hardness material as the pelvic support that can stably support the hard tissue of the occupant, and both side parts are created. It is also possible to create a wider spinal support that has substantially the same effect by making it with a material that is less rigid than the central part.
　本願発明の骨盤支持部の望ましい高さは、いずれの実施形態においても、座面（座面部材が沈む場合には着座時の最終的な座面位置）から、約１２０ミリ～約２００ミリである。これらの数値は、シート座面の角度、着座者の体格差、体形差、性別、座り方などの多様性、ならびに、木製の椅子のような座面が沈まないタイプからソファのような座面の沈みが大きいタイプの椅子にまで対応できることを想定した数値である、これらの要因を限定する、例えばシートのタイプを特定の車両用のシートや座面が剛性のシートのように限定することによって、さらに精密な範囲設定が可能である。 The desirable height of the pelvis support portion of the present invention is about 120 mm to about 200 mm from the seat surface (the final seat surface position at the time of sitting when the seat surface member sinks) in any embodiment. be. These figures indicate the variety of seat seat angles, seater body size differences, body shape differences, gender, sitting style, etc., as well as seating surfaces such as wooden chairs that do not sink and seating surfaces such as sofas. It is a numerical value assuming that it can correspond to a type of chair with a large sinking, by limiting these factors, for example, by limiting the type of seat to a seat for a specific vehicle or a seat with a rigid seat surface. , More precise range setting is possible.
　本願発明の骨盤支持部の望ましい位置は、いずれの実施形態においても、上後腸骨棘からその下方４０ミリ前後の位置であり、これは着座者の骨盤重心の高さである。 The desirable position of the pelvic support portion of the present invention is, in any embodiment, a position about 40 mm below the posterior superior iliac spine, which is the height of the pelvic center of gravity of the seated person.
　いずれの実施形態においても、本願発明のシートクッション、少なくともその骨盤支持部、骨盤サポート、脊柱サポートを構成する材料は、着座者が着座し骨盤上部（仙骨）や脊柱といった硬組織を接触させて自身の体重を完全に預けたときに、それらの硬組織を確実に支持し、骨盤をシートの背凭れから一定の距離に保持できる材料でありさえすれば、特に限定されない。好適な材料の例としては、硬質ウレタン、半硬質ウレタン、ラバーフォーム、高反発ウレタン、モールド発泡品などを使用できる。これらの材料の望ましい硬度は、４０％圧縮硬さが２００（Ｎ）以上である。また、使用時に着座者に痛みや不快感などを与えないように、本発明の着座者への効果を同じく実現可能な部材（硬度や厚さは限定しない）を接触面に用いる実施形態、及び／又は、接触面に布や軟質ポリマー等のカバーを適用した実施形態も、当然企図される。 In any of the embodiments, the seat cushion of the present invention, at least the material constituting the pelvis support portion, the pelvis support, and the spinal column support, is such that the seated person sits in contact with hard tissues such as the upper part of the pelvis (sacrum) and the spinal column. The material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can reliably support those hard tissues and hold the pelvis at a certain distance from the backrest of the seat when the weight of the pelvis is fully deposited. Examples of suitable materials include rigid urethane, semi-rigid urethane, rubber foam, high-resilience urethane, and molded foam products. The desired hardness of these materials is a 40% compression hardness of 200 (N) or higher. Further, an embodiment in which a member (the hardness and thickness are not limited) that can also realize the effect of the present invention on the seated person is used for the contact surface so as not to give pain or discomfort to the seated person at the time of use, and an embodiment. / Or, of course, an embodiment in which a cover such as a cloth or a soft polymer is applied to the contact surface is also conceivable.
　本願発明のシートクッションの、シート座面に近い下方部分（骨盤非支持部の少なくとも一部）は、いずれの実施形態においても、着座者の臀部を受けることのできる形状とすることができ、例えば、シートクッションの着座者に面する面を、下にいくほど着座者側に向かって直線的に（側面視して台形）又はＲを描いて突出させることができる。図５の（ｉ）～（ｉｉｉ）の各実施例を参照されたい。これは、着座者の体重やシート座面の軟らかさに起因して着座時に座面の高さが変わってしまう場合にも、着座者の仙骨とシートクッションとの位置合わせを可能にすることを目的としている。すなわち、この部分に着座者の臀部が乗ることで、シートクッション、従ってその骨盤接触部が使用者と共に沈み込んで、着座者と骨盤接触部の位置関係が座面の変化に関係なく維持される。一例として、第３の実施形態において、下位の骨盤非支持部３１１の前面を、厚さＴ３１が５ｃｍである部位から底部の厚さが８ｃｍ又は９ｃｍとなるまで着座者側に直線的に傾斜させて、側面視して上辺５ｃｍ、底辺８ｃｍ又は９ｃｍの台形を含むように、骨盤サポートを形成することができる。 In any embodiment, the lower portion of the seat cushion of the present invention near the seat surface (at least a part of the non-supporting portion of the pelvis) can be shaped so as to be able to receive the buttocks of the seated person, for example. , The surface of the seat cushion facing the occupant can be projected linearly (trapezoidal when viewed from the side) or R in a straight line toward the occupant side as it goes down. Please refer to each embodiment of FIGS. 5 (i) to (iii). This makes it possible to align the sacrum of the seated person with the seat cushion even if the height of the seated surface changes when seated due to the weight of the seated person or the softness of the seated surface. I am aiming. That is, when the buttocks of the seated person ride on this part, the seat cushion, and therefore the pelvic contact part, sinks together with the user, and the positional relationship between the seated person and the pelvic contact part is maintained regardless of the change in the seat surface. .. As an example, in the third embodiment, the front surface of the lower pelvic non-supporting portion 311 is linearly inclined toward the seated person from the portion where the thickness T31 is 5 cm until the thickness of the bottom is 8 cm or 9 cm. The pelvic support can be formed so as to include a trapezoid having an upper side of 5 cm and a bottom side of 8 cm or 9 cm when viewed from the side.
　本願発明のいずれかの実施形態のシートクッションの特徴を、シートの背凭れに組み込んで、元のシートクッションと同じ効果（上記Ａ～Ｃの効果）を奏するシートを製造することは、当業者には容易である。 Incorporating the characteristics of the seat cushion of any of the embodiments of the present invention into the backrest of the seat to produce a seat having the same effect as the original seat cushion (effects A to C above) is a matter of skill in the art. Is easy.
　以上で説明した実施例の一例は、好ましい各例を示したものであり、同様な効果と特徴を有する他の構造、手段は、本発明の範疇である。 The examples of the examples described above show each preferable example, and other structures and means having similar effects and characteristics are within the scope of the present invention.
１　シートクッション
１０　骨盤支持部
１１　骨盤非支持部
Ｈ１　シートクッション１の高さ
Ｔ１　シートクッション１の厚さ
Ｈ１　シートクッション１の高さ
１’　シートクッション
１０’　骨盤支持部
１１’　骨盤非支持部
Ｈ１’　シートクッション１’の高さ
Ｔ１’　シートクッション１’の厚さ
２　シートクッション
２０　骨盤支持部
２００　アーチ状膨出部
２１　骨盤非支持部
Ｖ２００　アーチ状膨出部２００の頂点
Ｈ２　シートクッション２の高さ
Ｔ２　シートクッション２の厚さ
３　シートクッション
３１　骨盤サポート
３１０　骨盤支持部
３１１　骨盤非支持部
３２　脊柱サポート
３２０　アーチ状膨出部
Ｖ３２０　アーチ状膨出部３２０の頂点
Ｈ３１　骨盤サポート３１の高さ
Ｔ３１　骨盤サポート３１の厚さ
３’　シートクッション
４　シートクッション
４１　骨盤サポート
４１０　骨盤支持部
４１１　骨盤非支持部
４２　脊柱サポート
４２０　アーチ状膨出部
４３　上位サポート
Ｖ４２０　アーチ状膨出部の頂点
４３　上位サポート
Ｈ４１　骨盤サポート４１の高さ
Ｔ４１　骨盤サポート４１の厚さ
５０　高剛性部位
５１　低剛性部位
Ｓ　シート
Ｓ１　背凭れ
Ｓ２　座面
Ｘ　水平方向
Ｙ　垂直方向
Ｚ　厚さ方向
  1 Seat cushion 10 Pelvis support 11 Pelvis non-support part H1 Seat cushion 1 height T1 Seat cushion 1 thickness H1 Seat cushion 1 height 1'Seat cushion 10'Pelvis support 11'Pelvis non-support part H1' Height of seat cushion 1'T1'Thickness of seat cushion 1'2 Seat cushion 20 Pelvis support part 200 Pelvis-shaped bulge 21 Pelvis non-support part V200 Pelvis of arch-shaped bulge 200 H2 Height of seat cushion 2 T2 Seat cushion 2 thickness 3 Seat cushion 31 Pelvis support 310 Pelvis support 311 Pelvis non-support 32 Pelvis support 320 Arched bulge V320 Arched bulge 320 apex H31 Pelvis support 31 height T31 Pelvis support 31 thickness 3'Seat cushion 4 Seat cushion 41 Pelvis support 410 Pelvis support 411 Pelvis non-support 42 Pelvis support 420 Arched bulge 43 Top support V420 Arched bulge apex 43 Top support H41 Pelvis support 41 Height T 41 Thickness of pelvis support 41 50 High rigidity part 51 Low rigidity part S Sheet S1 Backrest S2 Seat surface X Horizontal direction Y Vertical direction Z Thickness direction

Claims (11)

  1. 　シートの背凭れに適用するシートクッションであって、
    　着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する、前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部と、
    　前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部と、
    　を備え、
    １）前記シートクッションの高さは前記着座者の腸骨稜よりも低く、
    ２）前記シートクッションは側面視して実質的に均一の厚さを有し、
    ３）前記骨盤支持部は前記シートクッションの正面視して水平方向に平面状に形成され、
    ４）前記着座者の骨盤の後傾が防止されるとともに、前記着座者の骨盤上部から下位肋骨へと走行する筋群が前記背凭れによって圧迫されない
    　ことを特徴とする、シートクッション。     A seat cushion that is applied to the back of the seat.
    A pelvic support portion that supports the sacrum and / or hip bone of the seated person, which has a hardness capable of supporting the hard tissue of the seated person with substantially no deformation.
    The non-supporting part of the pelvis that does not support the sacrum and / or hip bone of the seated person,
    Equipped with
    1) The height of the seat cushion is lower than that of the iliac ridge of the seated person.
    2) The seat cushion has a substantially uniform thickness when viewed from the side, and has a substantially uniform thickness.
    3) The pelvis support portion is formed horizontally in a plane when viewed from the front of the seat cushion.
    4) A seat cushion characterized in that the backward tilting of the pelvis of the seated person is prevented, and the muscle group running from the upper part of the pelvis of the seated person to the lower ribs is not compressed by the backrest.
  2. 　シートの背凭れに適用するシートクッションであって、
    　着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する、前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部と、
    　前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部と、
    　を備え、
    １）前記シートクッションの高さは前記着座者の腸骨稜よりも低く、
    ２）前記シートクッションは側面視して、斜辺が前記着座者の方に傾斜した、上辺よりも下辺が長い台形の形状を有し、
    ３）前記骨盤支持部は前記シートクッションの正面視して水平方向に平面状に形成され、
    ４）前記着座者の骨盤の後傾が防止されるとともに、前記着座者の骨盤上部から下位肋骨へと走行する筋群が前記背凭れによって圧迫されない
    　ことを特徴とする、シートクッション。     A seat cushion that is applied to the back of the seat.
    A pelvic support portion that supports the sacrum and / or hip bone of the seated person, which has a hardness capable of supporting the hard tissue of the seated person with substantially no deformation.
    The non-supporting part of the pelvis that does not support the sacrum and / or hip bone of the seated person,
    Equipped with
    1) The height of the seat cushion is lower than that of the iliac ridge of the seated person.
    2) The seat cushion has a trapezoidal shape in which the hypotenuse is inclined toward the seated person and the hypotenuse is longer than the upper side when viewed from the side.
    3) The pelvis support portion is formed horizontally in a plane when viewed from the front of the seat cushion.
    4) A seat cushion characterized in that the backward tilting of the pelvis of the seated person is prevented, and the muscle group running from the upper part of the pelvis of the seated person to the lower ribs is not compressed by the backrest.
  3. 　シートの背凭れに適用するシートクッションであって、
    　着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する、前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部と、
    　前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部と、
    　を備え、
    １）前記シートクッションは、側面視して前記背凭れから離れる方へとアーチ状に膨出しており、
    ２）前記骨盤支持部は前記アーチ状膨出部の頂点に沿って正面視して水平方向に形成され、
    ３）前記骨盤支持部を最大厚さとして、前記骨盤支持部から前記骨盤非支持部へと上にいくほど前記シートクッションの厚さが減少し、
    ４）前記着座者の骨盤の後傾が防止されるとともに、前記着座者の骨盤上部から下位肋骨へと走行する筋群が前記背凭れによって圧迫されない
    　ことを特徴とする、シートクッション。     A seat cushion that is applied to the back of the seat.
    A pelvic support portion that supports the sacrum and / or hip bone of the seated person, which has a hardness capable of supporting the hard tissue of the seated person with substantially no deformation.
    The non-supporting part of the pelvis that does not support the sacrum and / or hip bone of the seated person,
    Equipped with
    1) The seat cushion bulges in an arch shape toward the side away from the backrest when viewed from the side.
    2) The pelvis support portion is formed horizontally along the apex of the arch-shaped bulge when viewed from the front.
    3) With the pelvis support portion as the maximum thickness, the thickness of the seat cushion decreases as the thickness increases from the pelvis support portion to the pelvis non-support portion.
    4) A seat cushion characterized in that the backward tilting of the pelvis of the seated person is prevented, and the muscle group running from the upper part of the pelvis of the seated person to the lower ribs is not compressed by the backrest.
  4. 　シートの背凭れに適用するシートクッションであって、
    　着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する、前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部、及び、前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部を備える、骨盤サポートと、
    　前記着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する、前記骨盤サポートの中心部から立設した、前記着座者の脊柱及びその両側の筋群を支持する脊柱サポートと、
    　を備え、
    １）前記骨盤サポートの高さは前記着座者の腸骨稜よりも低く、
    ２）前記骨盤支持部は前記骨盤サポートの正面視して水平方向に平面状に形成され、
    ３）前記脊柱サポートは上面視して前記着座者の方へと中央垂直軸を中心にアーチ状に膨出した形状で前記着座者の上位胸椎まで延在して、肩甲骨自体やそれ以外の身体部位は圧迫せず、
    ４）前記脊柱サポートは前記着座者の脊柱を前記アーチ状膨出部の頂点に沿って垂直方向に支持し、脊柱及びその傍らの筋群や肩甲骨内側縁をしっかりサポートする事で着座者の安定性を確保し、
    ５）前記着座者の骨盤の後傾が防止されるとともに、前記着座者の骨盤上部から下位肋骨へと走行する筋群が圧迫されない
    　ことを特徴とする、シートクッション。     A seat cushion that is applied to the back of the seat.
    Supports the sacrum and / or hip bone of the occupant, and the pelvic support that supports the sacrum and / or hip bone of the occupant, which has a hardness capable of supporting the hard tissue of the occupant with substantially no deformation. With pelvic support, with no pelvic non-support,
    A spinal support that supports the occupant's spinal column and muscle groups on both sides, which is erected from the center of the pelvic support and has a hardness capable of supporting the occupant's hard tissue without deformation.
    Equipped with
    1) The height of the pelvic support is lower than that of the iliac crest of the seated person.
    2) The pelvis support portion is formed horizontally in a plane when viewed from the front of the pelvis support.
    3) The spinal support extends to the upper thoracic vertebra of the seated person in an arch shape centered on the central vertical axis when viewed from above, and the scapula itself or other parts. Do not put pressure on body parts,
    4) The spinal column support vertically supports the spinal column of the seated person along the apex of the arched bulge, and firmly supports the spinal column and the muscle groups and the medial edge of the scapula of the seated person. Ensure stability,
    5) A seat cushion characterized in that the pelvis of the seated person is prevented from tilting backward and the muscle groups running from the upper part of the pelvis of the seated person to the lower ribs are not compressed.
  5. 　シートの背凭れに適用するシートクッションであって、
    　着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する、前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持する骨盤支持部、及び、前記着座者の仙骨及び／又は寛骨を支持しない骨盤非支持部を備える、骨盤サポートと、
    　前記着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する、前記骨盤サポートの頂面の中心部から立設した、前記着座者の脊柱を支持する脊柱サポートと、
    　前記脊柱サポートの上に添設した、前記着座者の下位肋骨より上位の安定性を確保するための、前記脊柱サポートよりも正面視して幅広の上位サポートと、
    　を備え、
    １）前記骨盤サポートの高さは前記着座者の腸骨稜よりも低く、
    ２）前記骨盤支持部は前記骨盤サポートにおいて水平方向に形成され、
    ３）前記脊柱サポートは下位肋骨以下の範囲内に延在してそれより上位の身体部位は圧迫せず、
    ４）前記着座者の骨盤の後傾が防止されるとともに、前記着座者の骨盤上部から下位肋骨へと走行する筋群が圧迫されない
    　ことを特徴とする、シートクッション。     A seat cushion that is applied to the back of the seat.
    Supports the sacrum and / or hip bone of the occupant, and the pelvic support that supports the sacrum and / or hip bone of the occupant, which has a hardness capable of supporting the hard tissue of the occupant with substantially no deformation. With pelvic support, with no pelvic non-support,
    A spinal support that supports the occupant's spinal column, which is erected from the center of the apical surface of the pelvic support and has a hardness capable of supporting the occupant's hard tissue without deformation.
    An upper support that is wider than the spinal support and is located above the spinal support to ensure stability above the lower ribs of the seated person.
    Equipped with
    1) The height of the pelvic support is lower than that of the iliac crest of the seated person.
    2) The pelvis support portion is formed horizontally in the pelvis support, and is formed.
    3) The spinal support extends within the area below the lower ribs and does not compress the body parts above it.
    4) A seat cushion characterized in that the pelvis of the seated person is prevented from tilting backward and the muscle group running from the upper part of the pelvis of the seated person to the lower ribs is not compressed.
  6. 　前記脊柱サポートは、前記着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度を有する高剛性部位と、前記高剛性部位の水平方向両側の前記高剛性部位よりも硬度の低い低剛性部位から成る、
    　請求項４または５に記載のシートクッション。     The spinal column support includes a high-rigidity portion having a hardness capable of supporting the hard tissue of the seated person without deformation, and a low-rigidity portion having a hardness lower than that of the high-rigidity portion on both horizontal sides of the high-rigidity portion. Consists of
    The seat cushion according to claim 4 or 5.
  7. 　前記骨盤支持部は前記シートの座面から１２０ｍｍ～２００ｍｍの高さに存在する、
    　請求項１から６のいずれか一項に記載のシートクッション。     The pelvis support portion exists at a height of 120 mm to 200 mm from the seat surface of the seat.
    The seat cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
  8. 　前記骨盤支持部は前記着座者の上後腸骨棘からその下方４０ｍｍの高さ（骨盤重心の高さ）で前記着座者の骨盤を支持する、
    　請求項１から７のいずれか一項に記載のシートクッション。     The pelvic support supports the pelvis of the seated person at a height of 40 mm below the posterior superior iliac spine of the seated person (the height of the center of gravity of the pelvis).
    The seat cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
  9. 　前記着座者の硬組織を実質的に無変形で支持可能な硬度は、４０％圧縮硬さが２００（Ｎ）以上である、
    　請求項１から８のいずれか１項に記載のシートクッション。     The hardness that can support the hard tissue of the seated person without deformation is 40% compression hardness of 200 (N) or more.
    The seat cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. 　前記骨盤支持部よりも下位の前記骨盤非支持部は、前記着座者に面する面が前記着座者の方へと平面及び／又は凹状曲面を成して下にいくほど突出して、前記着座者の臀部を載置可能な臀部載置部を形成している、
    　請求項１から９のいずれか一項に記載のシートクッション。     The non-supporting portion of the pelvis, which is lower than the supporting portion of the pelvis, has a surface facing the seated person so as to form a flat surface and / or a concave curved surface toward the seated person and protrude downward. Forming a pelvis mounting part on which the pelvis can be placed,
    The seat cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
  11. 　請求項１から１０のいずれか一項に記載のシートクッションの特徴を背凭れに組み込んだシート。 A seat incorporating the features of the seat cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 10 into the backrest.
PCT/JP2021/028296 2020-08-19 2021-07-30 Seat cushion and seat WO2022039001A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5799458U (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-06-18
JP2007125106A (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-24 Shigeno:Kk Chair and pad for chair

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5799458U (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-06-18
JP2007125106A (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-24 Shigeno:Kk Chair and pad for chair

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