WO2022036797A1 - Numerical control machine tool - Google Patents

Numerical control machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022036797A1
WO2022036797A1 PCT/CN2020/115940 CN2020115940W WO2022036797A1 WO 2022036797 A1 WO2022036797 A1 WO 2022036797A1 CN 2020115940 W CN2020115940 W CN 2020115940W WO 2022036797 A1 WO2022036797 A1 WO 2022036797A1
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Prior art keywords
machine tool
axis
box
drive shaft
rotary
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PCT/CN2020/115940
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张春晖
邹文毅
刘毅
史伟
李长顺
尚吉顺
陈闹
Original Assignee
湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司
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Publication of WO2022036797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022036797A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/02—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by grinding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machining equipment, in particular to a numerically controlled machine tool.
  • Spiral bevel gears need to be milled and ground by CNC machine tools, such as the structure disclosed by a spiral bevel gear machining machine tool disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with the application number of CN201120199943.3 owned by the applicant, wherein the tool and the workpiece are When it is installed on the machine tool, it is distributed up and down, and the workpiece is located under the tool.
  • the first rotary shaft box 1 controls the workpiece box 2 to rotate counterclockwise to a negative angle, and the tool
  • the tooth cutting position of the disc 3 is located on the outer side of the cutter disc 3, that is, close to the worktable part, and the X and Y axes need to move in the positive direction to the cutting tooth position.
  • the first rotary shaft box body 1 controls the workpiece box 2 to rotate clockwise to a positive angle, and the cutting position of the cutter head 3 is located outside the cutter head 3, that is, close to the work
  • the X axis needs to move in the negative direction
  • the Y axis needs to move in the positive direction to the cutting position.
  • a hydrostatic bearing needs to be installed in the first rotary shaft box body 1 corresponding to the end of the first rotary shaft close to the workpiece box 2, and the grating detection used to detect the rotation angle of the first rotary shaft
  • the device can only be installed at the end of the first rotary shaft away from the workpiece box 2. Since the corresponding drive generally also acts on the end of the first rotary shaft away from the workpiece box 2, there is a deviation between the grating detection result and the actual rotation angle of the workpiece box 2. affect the processing quality.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present invention proposes a numerically controlled machine tool, which can move the machining point from the end of the workpiece close to the bed to the end of the workpiece away from the bed, thereby improving the transmission stability.
  • the bed is provided with a groove along the horizontal Y-axis direction and a Y-axis drive shaft is arranged in the groove;
  • a vertical column is erected above the groove, a horizontal X-axis drive shaft is arranged on the vertical column, and an opening is concavely formed along the Y-axis direction between the vertical column and one end of the groove;
  • the rotary box is installed on the Y-axis drive shaft, and is provided with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft is parallel to the Y-axis;
  • the workpiece box is installed at one end of the rotary shaft close to the opening, and the workpiece box can be fully or partially accommodated in the opening, and the workpiece box is provided with a workpiece perpendicular to the Y-axis main shaft;
  • a sliding table is installed on the X-axis drive shaft, and the sliding table is provided with a vertical Z-axis driving shaft on the side surface close to the workpiece box;
  • the tool box is mounted on the Z-axis drive shaft, and a tool spindle is arranged in the tool box, and the tool spindle is parallel to the Z-axis.
  • the CNC machine tool with the above structure can move the workpiece box close to the bed through the setting of the opening, so that the traditional machining point located outside the cutter head can be moved to the inner side of the cutter head, thereby reducing the length of the rotary shaft , improve the stability of the workpiece box. And because the distance between the workpiece box and the rotary box is reduced, the static pressure bearing in the traditional structure can be cancelled, and the installation position of the grating detection device can be reserved, thereby improving the control accuracy and processing quality.
  • an end of the rotary box close to the workpiece box body is provided with a grating detection device corresponding to the rotary shaft, and the grating detection device is used to detect the rotation angle of the rotary shaft.
  • Y-axis guide rails are provided on the bed on both sides of the groove corresponding to the area of the bottom of the rotary box and the area of the column corresponding to the top of the rotary box.
  • the rotary box is slidably mounted on the Y-axis guide rail and driven by the Y-axis drive shaft.
  • a plurality of X-axis guide rails are disposed on the column, at least one of the X-axis guide rails is distributed on the horizontal plane of the column, and at least one of the X-axis guide rails is distributed on the vertical surface of the column.
  • the sliding table is slidably mounted on the X-axis guide rail and driven by the X-axis drive shaft.
  • the CNC machine tool is used for gear milling, and is provided with a chip conveyor, and the chip conveyor is movably disposed under the workpiece box.
  • the bottom of the chip conveyor is provided with rollers.
  • the CNC machine tool is used for gear grinding, and an oil tank is provided below the workpiece box.
  • the CNC machine tool is further provided with a grinding wheel dresser, and the grinding wheel dresser is provided on the workpiece box or on the upright column.
  • the X-axis drive shaft, the Y-axis drive shaft, and the Z-axis drive shaft adopt a linear motor, a torque motor, a motor screw drive mechanism, an oil cylinder drive mechanism, a gear drive mechanism, a crank
  • a linear motor a torque motor, a motor screw drive mechanism, an oil cylinder drive mechanism, a gear drive mechanism, a crank
  • Fig. 1 is the first structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the second structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a kind of distribution schematic diagram of X-axis guide rail
  • Fig. 4 is a kind of distribution schematic diagram of Y-axis guide rail
  • Fig. 5 is the first kind of setting schematic diagram of grinding wheel dresser
  • Fig. 6 is the second arrangement schematic diagram of grinding wheel dresser
  • Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are a kind of schematic diagram when the present invention carries out left-handed gear processing
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are a kind of schematic diagram when the present invention performs right-handed gear processing
  • Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are a kind of schematic diagram when the conventional structure performs left-handed gear processing
  • Figures 13 and 14 are a schematic diagram of the conventional structure when the right-handed gear is processed.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between two elements.
  • installed may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between two elements.
  • the present invention proposes a CNC machine tool, including:
  • the bed 100 the bed 100 is provided with a groove along the horizontal Y-axis direction and a Y-axis drive shaft 103 is arranged in the groove;
  • the upright column 200 is erected above the groove, and a horizontal X-axis drive shaft 201 is arranged on the upright column 200, and a space-saving opening 101 is formed concavely along the Y-axis direction between the upright column 200 and one end of the groove;
  • the rotary box 700 is installed on the Y-axis drive shaft 103, and is provided with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft is parallel to the Y-axis;
  • the workpiece box 300 is installed at one end of the rotary shaft close to the opening 101, and the workpiece box 300 can be fully or partially accommodated in the opening 101, and the workpiece box 300 is provided with a workpiece spindle perpendicular to the Y-axis;
  • the slide table 500 is installed on the X-axis drive shaft 201, and the slide table 500 is provided with a vertical Z-axis drive shaft 501 on the side of the slide table 500 close to the workpiece box 300;
  • the tool box 400 is mounted on the Z-axis drive shaft 501, and a tool spindle is arranged in the tool box 400, and the tool spindle is parallel to the Z-axis.
  • the CNC machine tool with the above structure can move the workpiece box 300 close to the bed 100 through the setting of the opening 101.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 when the CNC machine tool with the above structure is used for left-handed gear tooth cutting processing, it is possible to control the Turn the rotary axis clockwise to the positive direction.
  • the cutting position of the cutter head is located inside the cutter head, that is, away from the worktable.
  • the X and Y axes need to move in the negative direction to the cutting position.
  • the CNC machine tool claimed in the present invention can move the traditional machining point located on the outer side of the cutter head to the inner side of the cutter head, which can reduce the length of the rotary axis (that is, the adjustment length of the Y axis) compared with the traditional structure, and improve Stability of the workpiece box 300 . And because the distance between the workpiece box 300 and the rotary box 700 is reduced, the static pressure bearing in the traditional structure can be canceled, and the installation position of the grating detection device can be reserved, thereby improving the control accuracy and processing. quality.
  • one end of the rotary box 700 close to the workpiece box 300 is provided with a grating detection device corresponding to the rotary axis, and the grating detection device is used to detect the rotation angle of the rotary axis.
  • the position of the rotary box 700 of the numerical control machine tool in the present invention close to the workpiece box 300 may not be provided with a hydrostatic bearing, so it can be used to install a grating detection device, thereby improving the control accuracy of the rotary axis, thereby improving the processing quality.
  • the grating detection device can be set with reference to the related prior art, which will not be described too much here.
  • Y-axis guide rails 102 are provided on the bed 100 on both sides of the groove corresponding to the lower end surface of the rotary box 700 , and the area of the column 200 corresponding to the top of the rotary box 700 is also A Y-axis guide rail 102 is provided, and the rotary box 700 is slidably mounted on the Y-axis guide rail 102 and driven by the Y-axis drive shaft 103 .
  • the first rotary shaft box is equivalent to the rotary box 700 in the present invention, but the first rotary shaft box and the machine bed are separated from each other.
  • the movement control is realized through the slide rail structure at the bottom and the corresponding drive.
  • the distance between the first rotary shaft and the slide rail structure is large, and the stability is poor when the corresponding movement adjustment and rotation adjustment are performed during the working process.
  • the distance between the Y-axis guide rail 102 and the rotating shaft is greatly reduced compared with the structure disclosed in this patent, which is beneficial to the stability of the structure and transmission.
  • the Y-axis guide rails 102 are distributed on the circumference of the rotary box 700 in a triangular distribution form.
  • the Y-axis guide rails 102 on both sides can support the rotary box 700 , and the top Y-axis guide rails 102 can be hoisted, with strong structural stability.
  • an X-axis guide rail 202 is provided on the upper end surface of the column 200, an X-axis guide rail 202 is provided on the side wall of the column 200 close to the tool box 400, and the slide table 500 is slidably installed on the two X-axis guide rails 202 and driven by the X-axis drive shaft 201 .
  • the slide table 500 is installed by the X-axis guide rails 202 in the form of right-angle distribution.
  • the X-axis guide rails 202 on the horizontal plane can carry the weight of the slide table 500 , which has high structural stability and is beneficial to improve assembly efficiency. It can be understood that, in actual settings, a larger number of X-axis guide rails 202 may also be provided.
  • the CNC machine tool is used for milling teeth, so the CNC machine tool further includes a chip conveyor 600 , and the chip conveyor 600 is movably disposed below the workpiece box 300 .
  • the tool spindle is used to install the cutter head and the gear milling cutter
  • the chip conveyor 600 is used to collect waste chips during the milling process.
  • a roller can be provided at the bottom of the chip conveyor 600 to realize the movement.
  • the setting of the chip conveyor 600 in this embodiment is convenient for removal and cleaning. Compared with the traditional structure, the area required to be occupied during the working process is smaller, and the practicability is strong.
  • the CNC machine tool is used for gear grinding, so the CNC machine tool is further provided with a grinding wheel dresser 301 and an oil tank 303, and the oil tank 303 is arranged in the lower area of the workpiece box 300 for collecting the grinding teeth
  • the grinding fluid in the process, and the oil pump 302 can be set at the same time to realize the grinding fluid circulation.
  • the grinding wheel dresser 301 may be installed on the workpiece box 300 or on the upright column 200 . When grinding gears, the tool spindle is used to mount the grinding wheel.
  • the X-axis drive shaft 201 , the Y-axis drive shaft 103 and the Z-axis drive shaft 501 use linear motors, torque motors, motor screw drive mechanisms, oil cylinder drive mechanisms, gear transmission mechanisms, crank connecting rods
  • One of the transmission mechanism and the worm gear transmission mechanism is used for driving, and such structures belong to the well-known technology, so they will not be described in detail here.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

A numerical control machine tool, comprising: a machine tool body (100), the machine tool body (100) being provided with a groove; an upright column (200) suspended above the groove, the upright column (200) being provided with an X axis drive shaft (201); a rotary box (700) provided with a rotary shaft parallel to a Y axis; a workpiece box body (300) mounted on the rotary shaft; a sliding table (500) mounted on the X axis drive shaft (201), the sliding table (500) being provided with a vertical Z axis drive shaft (501); and a cutter box body (400) mounted on the Z axis drive shaft (501). The numerical control machine tool using the described structure can enable, by means of the provision of a recess opening (101), the workpiece box body (300) to move close to the machine tool body (100), such that a traditional machining point located at an inner side is moved to an outer side of the workpiece (i.e. the end of the workpiece away from the machine tool body), thereby reducing the length of the rotary shaft, and improving the stability of the workpiece box body (300). Furthermore, as the distance between the workpiece box body (300) and the rotary box (700) is reduced, a hydrostatic bearing in the traditional structure can be omitted, and a mounting position of an optical grating detection device is reserved, thereby improving the precision of control and improving the processing quality.

Description

一种数控机床A CNC machine tool 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种机加工设备，特别涉及一种数控机床。The invention relates to a machining equipment, in particular to a numerically controlled machine tool.
背景技术Background technique
螺旋锥齿轮需要通过数控机床进行铣齿加工、磨齿加工，如本申请人拥有的申请号为CN201120199943.3的中国发明专利公开的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床所公开的结构，其中刀具与工件在安装于机床上的时候为上下分布，工件位于刀具下方，参照图11和图12，在进行左旋齿轮切齿时，第一回转轴箱体1控制工件箱2逆时针转到负方向角度，刀盘3的切齿位置位于刀盘3的外侧，即靠近工作台部分，X轴和Y轴需往正方向运动到切齿位置。参照图13和图14，在进行右旋齿轮切齿时，第一回转轴箱体1控制工件箱2顺时针转到正方向角度，刀盘3的切齿位置位于刀盘3的外侧，即靠近工作台部分，X轴需往负方向运动、Y轴需往正方向运动到切齿位置。这种结构设置及与基于该结构进行的加工，工件箱2与床身之间的距离较大，传动稳定性较差，对于机床的结构强度要求较高。并且为了确保工件箱2的转动稳定性，在第一回转轴箱体1内对应第一回转轴靠近工件箱2的一端需要设置静压轴承，而用于检测第一回转轴旋转角度的光栅检测装置只能设置于第一回转轴远离工件箱2的一端，由于对应的驱动一般也作用于第一回转轴远离工件箱2的一端，因此光栅检测结果与工件箱2实际的转动角度存在偏差，影响加工质量。Spiral bevel gears need to be milled and ground by CNC machine tools, such as the structure disclosed by a spiral bevel gear machining machine tool disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with the application number of CN201120199943.3 owned by the applicant, wherein the tool and the workpiece are When it is installed on the machine tool, it is distributed up and down, and the workpiece is located under the tool. Referring to Figure 11 and Figure 12, when cutting the left-handed gear, the first rotary shaft box 1 controls the workpiece box 2 to rotate counterclockwise to a negative angle, and the tool The tooth cutting position of the disc 3 is located on the outer side of the cutter disc 3, that is, close to the worktable part, and the X and Y axes need to move in the positive direction to the cutting tooth position. Referring to Figures 13 and 14, when cutting the teeth of the right-handed gear, the first rotary shaft box body 1 controls the workpiece box 2 to rotate clockwise to a positive angle, and the cutting position of the cutter head 3 is located outside the cutter head 3, that is, close to the work For the table part, the X axis needs to move in the negative direction, and the Y axis needs to move in the positive direction to the cutting position. This structural arrangement and processing based on this structure have a large distance between the workpiece box 2 and the machine bed, and the transmission stability is poor, and the structural strength of the machine tool is required to be high. And in order to ensure the rotation stability of the workpiece box 2, a hydrostatic bearing needs to be installed in the first rotary shaft box body 1 corresponding to the end of the first rotary shaft close to the workpiece box 2, and the grating detection used to detect the rotation angle of the first rotary shaft The device can only be installed at the end of the first rotary shaft away from the workpiece box 2. Since the corresponding drive generally also acts on the end of the first rotary shaft away from the workpiece box 2, there is a deviation between the grating detection result and the actual rotation angle of the workpiece box 2. affect the processing quality.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种数控机床，能够将加工点从工件靠近床身的一端移动至工件远离床身的一端，进而提高传动稳定性。The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a numerically controlled machine tool, which can move the machining point from the end of the workpiece close to the bed to the end of the workpiece away from the bed, thereby improving the transmission stability.
根据本发明实施例的一种数控机床，包括：A numerically controlled machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
床身，所述床身上沿水平Y轴方向开设有凹槽并于所述凹槽内设置有Y轴驱动轴；a bed, the bed is provided with a groove along the horizontal Y-axis direction and a Y-axis drive shaft is arranged in the groove;
立柱，架设于所述凹槽上方，所述立柱上设置有水平的X轴驱动轴，所述立柱与所述凹槽的一个端部之间沿Y轴方向内凹形成有让位口；a vertical column is erected above the groove, a horizontal X-axis drive shaft is arranged on the vertical column, and an opening is concavely formed along the Y-axis direction between the vertical column and one end of the groove;
回转箱，安装于所述Y轴驱动轴上，并设置有回转轴，所述回转轴平行于Y轴；The rotary box is installed on the Y-axis drive shaft, and is provided with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft is parallel to the Y-axis;
工件箱体，安装于所述回转轴靠近所述让位口的一端，并且所述工件箱体能够全部或者部分收容于所述让位口内，所述工件箱体设置有垂直于Y轴的工件主轴；The workpiece box is installed at one end of the rotary shaft close to the opening, and the workpiece box can be fully or partially accommodated in the opening, and the workpiece box is provided with a workpiece perpendicular to the Y-axis main shaft;
滑台，安装于所述X轴驱动轴上，所述滑台于靠近所述工件箱体的侧面设置有竖直的Z轴驱动轴；A sliding table is installed on the X-axis drive shaft, and the sliding table is provided with a vertical Z-axis driving shaft on the side surface close to the workpiece box;
刀具箱体，安装于所述Z轴驱动轴上，所述刀具箱体内设置有刀具主轴，所述刀具主轴平行于Z轴。The tool box is mounted on the Z-axis drive shaft, and a tool spindle is arranged in the tool box, and the tool spindle is parallel to the Z-axis.
根据本发明的实施例，至少具有如下技术效果：According to the embodiment of the present invention, it has at least the following technical effects:
采用上述结构设置的数控机床，通过让位口的设置可以将工件箱体靠近床身移动，从而将传统的位于刀盘外侧的加工点移动至刀盘的内侧，进而可以减小回转轴的长度，提高工件箱体的稳定性。并且由于工件箱体与回转箱之间的距离得以减小，因此传统结构中的静压轴承可以取消设置，而预留出光栅检测装置的安装位置，进而提高控制的精确度，提高加工质量。The CNC machine tool with the above structure can move the workpiece box close to the bed through the setting of the opening, so that the traditional machining point located outside the cutter head can be moved to the inner side of the cutter head, thereby reducing the length of the rotary shaft , improve the stability of the workpiece box. And because the distance between the workpiece box and the rotary box is reduced, the static pressure bearing in the traditional structure can be cancelled, and the installation position of the grating detection device can be reserved, thereby improving the control accuracy and processing quality.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述回转箱靠近所述工件箱体的一端对应所述回转轴设置有光栅检测装置，所述光栅检测装置用于检测所述回转轴的旋转角度。According to some embodiments of the present invention, an end of the rotary box close to the workpiece box body is provided with a grating detection device corresponding to the rotary shaft, and the grating detection device is used to detect the rotation angle of the rotary shaft.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述床身于所述凹槽的两侧对应所述回转箱的底部的区域以及所述立柱对应所述回转箱的顶部的区域设置有Y轴导轨，所述回转箱滑动安装于所述Y轴导轨上并通过所述Y轴驱动轴驱动。According to some embodiments of the present invention, Y-axis guide rails are provided on the bed on both sides of the groove corresponding to the area of the bottom of the rotary box and the area of the column corresponding to the top of the rotary box. The rotary box is slidably mounted on the Y-axis guide rail and driven by the Y-axis drive shaft.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述立柱上设置有多条X轴导轨，至少一条所述X轴导轨分布于所述立柱的水平面、至少一条所述X轴导轨分布于所述立柱的竖直面，所述滑台滑动安装于所述X轴导轨上并通过所述X轴驱动轴驱动。According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of X-axis guide rails are disposed on the column, at least one of the X-axis guide rails is distributed on the horizontal plane of the column, and at least one of the X-axis guide rails is distributed on the vertical surface of the column. The sliding table is slidably mounted on the X-axis guide rail and driven by the X-axis drive shaft.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述数控机床用于铣齿加工，其设置有排屑器，所述排屑器可移动地设置于所述工件箱体的下方。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the CNC machine tool is used for gear milling, and is provided with a chip conveyor, and the chip conveyor is movably disposed under the workpiece box.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述排屑器的底部设置有滚轮。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the bottom of the chip conveyor is provided with rollers.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述数控机床用于磨齿加工，其于所述工件箱体的下方设置有油箱。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the CNC machine tool is used for gear grinding, and an oil tank is provided below the workpiece box.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述数控机床还设置有砂轮修整器，所述砂轮修整器设置于所述工件箱体上或者设置于所述立柱上。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the CNC machine tool is further provided with a grinding wheel dresser, and the grinding wheel dresser is provided on the workpiece box or on the upright column.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述X轴驱动轴、所述Y轴驱动轴和所述Z轴驱动轴采用直线电机、力矩电机、电机丝杆传动机构、油缸驱动机构、齿轮传动机构、曲柄连杆传动机构、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构中的一种进行驱动。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the X-axis drive shaft, the Y-axis drive shaft, and the Z-axis drive shaft adopt a linear motor, a torque motor, a motor screw drive mechanism, an oil cylinder drive mechanism, a gear drive mechanism, a crank One of the connecting rod transmission mechanism and the worm gear transmission mechanism is used for driving.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth, in part, from the following description, and in part will be apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1是本发明的第一种结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the first structural representation of the present invention;
图2是本发明的第二种结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the second structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图3是X轴导轨的一种分布示意图；Fig. 3 is a kind of distribution schematic diagram of X-axis guide rail;
图4是Y轴导轨的一种分布示意图；Fig. 4 is a kind of distribution schematic diagram of Y-axis guide rail;
图5是砂轮修整器的第一种设置示意图；Fig. 5 is the first kind of setting schematic diagram of grinding wheel dresser;
图6是砂轮修整器的第二种设置示意图；Fig. 6 is the second arrangement schematic diagram of grinding wheel dresser;
图7和图8是本发明进行左旋齿轮加工时的一种示意图；Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are a kind of schematic diagram when the present invention carries out left-handed gear processing;
图9和图10是本发明进行右旋齿轮加工时的一种示意图；Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are a kind of schematic diagram when the present invention performs right-handed gear processing;
图11和图12是传统结构进行左旋齿轮加工时的一种示意图；Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are a kind of schematic diagram when the conventional structure performs left-handed gear processing;
图13和图14是传统结构进行右旋齿轮加工时的一种示意图。Figures 13 and 14 are a schematic diagram of the conventional structure when the right-handed gear is processed.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Rear, Left, Right, Vertical, Horizontal, Top, Bottom, Inner, Outer, Axial, Radial, Circumferential The orientation or positional relationship indicated by etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, with a specific orientation. The orientation configuration and operation are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. Furthermore, features delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接， 或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.
参照图1至图6，本发明提出一种数控机床，包括：1 to 6, the present invention proposes a CNC machine tool, including:
床身100，床身100上沿水平Y轴方向开设有凹槽并于凹槽内设置有Y轴驱动轴103；The bed 100, the bed 100 is provided with a groove along the horizontal Y-axis direction and a Y-axis drive shaft 103 is arranged in the groove;
立柱200，架设于凹槽上方，立柱200上设置有水平的X轴驱动轴201，立柱200与凹槽的一个端部之间沿Y轴方向内凹形成有让位口101；The upright column 200 is erected above the groove, and a horizontal X-axis drive shaft 201 is arranged on the upright column 200, and a space-saving opening 101 is formed concavely along the Y-axis direction between the upright column 200 and one end of the groove;
回转箱700，安装于Y轴驱动轴103上，并设置有回转轴，回转轴平行于Y轴；The rotary box 700 is installed on the Y-axis drive shaft 103, and is provided with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft is parallel to the Y-axis;
工件箱体300，安装于回转轴靠近让位口101的一端，并且工件箱体300能够全部或者部分收容于让位口101内，工件箱体300设置有垂直于Y轴的工件主轴；The workpiece box 300 is installed at one end of the rotary shaft close to the opening 101, and the workpiece box 300 can be fully or partially accommodated in the opening 101, and the workpiece box 300 is provided with a workpiece spindle perpendicular to the Y-axis;
滑台500，安装于X轴驱动轴201上，滑台500于靠近工件箱体300的侧面设置有竖直的Z轴驱动轴501；The slide table 500 is installed on the X-axis drive shaft 201, and the slide table 500 is provided with a vertical Z-axis drive shaft 501 on the side of the slide table 500 close to the workpiece box 300;
刀具箱体400，安装于Z轴驱动轴501上，刀具箱体400内设置有刀具主轴，刀具主轴平行于Z轴。The tool box 400 is mounted on the Z-axis drive shaft 501, and a tool spindle is arranged in the tool box 400, and the tool spindle is parallel to the Z-axis.
采用上述结构设置的数控机床，通过让位口101的设置可以将工件箱体300靠近床身100移动，参照图7和图8，采用上述结构设置的数控机床进行左旋齿轮切齿加工时，可以控制回转轴顺时针转到正方向角度，刀盘的切齿位置位于刀盘内侧，即远离工作台部分，X轴和Y轴需往负方向运动到切齿位置。参照图9和图10，在进行右旋齿轮切齿加工时，回转轴逆时针转到负方向角度，刀盘的切齿位置位于刀盘内侧，即远离工作台部分，X轴需往正方向运动到切齿位置，Y轴需往负方向运动到切齿位置。故而本发明所要求保护的数控机床，可以将传统的位于刀盘外侧的加工点移动至刀盘的内侧，较传统结构而言可以减小回转轴的长度(即Y轴的调节长度)，提高工件箱体300的稳定性。并且由于工件箱体300与回转箱700之间的距离得以减小，因此传统结构中的静压轴承可以取消设置，而预留出光栅检测装置的安装位置，进而提高控制的精确度，提高加工质量。The CNC machine tool with the above structure can move the workpiece box 300 close to the bed 100 through the setting of the opening 101. Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , when the CNC machine tool with the above structure is used for left-handed gear tooth cutting processing, it is possible to control the Turn the rotary axis clockwise to the positive direction. The cutting position of the cutter head is located inside the cutter head, that is, away from the worktable. The X and Y axes need to move in the negative direction to the cutting position. Referring to Figure 9 and Figure 10, when performing right-handed gear cutting processing, the rotary axis is turned counterclockwise to a negative angle, and the cutting position of the cutter head is located inside the cutter head, that is, away from the worktable, and the X-axis needs to move in the positive direction to To cut the tooth position, the Y axis needs to move in the negative direction to the tooth cutting position. Therefore, the CNC machine tool claimed in the present invention can move the traditional machining point located on the outer side of the cutter head to the inner side of the cutter head, which can reduce the length of the rotary axis (that is, the adjustment length of the Y axis) compared with the traditional structure, and improve Stability of the workpiece box 300 . And because the distance between the workpiece box 300 and the rotary box 700 is reduced, the static pressure bearing in the traditional structure can be canceled, and the installation position of the grating detection device can be reserved, thereby improving the control accuracy and processing. quality.
在本发明的一些实施例中，回转箱700靠近工件箱体300的一端对应回转轴设置有光栅检测装置，光栅检测装置用于检测回转轴的旋转角度。由前述分析可知，本发明中的数控机床的回转箱700靠近工件箱体300的位置可以不设置静压轴承，因此可以用于安装光栅检测装置，从而提高回转轴的控制精度，进而提高加工质量。 光栅检测装置参照相关现有技术进行设置即可，在此不作过多描述。In some embodiments of the present invention, one end of the rotary box 700 close to the workpiece box 300 is provided with a grating detection device corresponding to the rotary axis, and the grating detection device is used to detect the rotation angle of the rotary axis. It can be seen from the foregoing analysis that the position of the rotary box 700 of the numerical control machine tool in the present invention close to the workpiece box 300 may not be provided with a hydrostatic bearing, so it can be used to install a grating detection device, thereby improving the control accuracy of the rotary axis, thereby improving the processing quality. . The grating detection device can be set with reference to the related prior art, which will not be described too much here.
参照图4，在本发明的一些实施例中，床身100于凹槽的两侧对应回转箱700的下端面的区域设置有Y轴导轨102，同时立柱200对应回转箱700的顶部的区域也设置有Y轴导轨102，回转箱700滑动安装于Y轴导轨102上并通过Y轴驱动轴103驱动。在申请号为CN201120199943.3的中国发明专利公开的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床中，第一回转轴箱体相当于本发明中的回转箱700，但其中第一回转轴箱体与床身之间是通过底部的滑轨结构及相应驱动实现移动控制，第一回转轴与滑轨结构之间的距离较大，在工作过程中进行相应移动调节、转动调节的时候稳定性较差，工件箱对于滑轨结构及相应驱动的作用力较大，影响调节的顺畅性。而本实施例中Y轴导轨102与回转轴之间的距离较该专利中公开的结构而言得到极大地缩小，有利于结构、传动的稳定性。并且Y轴导轨102成三角分布形式分布在回转箱700的周侧，两侧的Y轴导轨102能够进行回转箱700支撑、顶部的Y轴导轨102能够实现吊装，结构稳定性强。Referring to FIG. 4 , in some embodiments of the present invention, Y-axis guide rails 102 are provided on the bed 100 on both sides of the groove corresponding to the lower end surface of the rotary box 700 , and the area of the column 200 corresponding to the top of the rotary box 700 is also A Y-axis guide rail 102 is provided, and the rotary box 700 is slidably mounted on the Y-axis guide rail 102 and driven by the Y-axis drive shaft 103 . In a spiral bevel gear processing machine tool disclosed by the Chinese invention patent with the application number of CN201120199943.3, the first rotary shaft box is equivalent to the rotary box 700 in the present invention, but the first rotary shaft box and the machine bed are separated from each other. The movement control is realized through the slide rail structure at the bottom and the corresponding drive. The distance between the first rotary shaft and the slide rail structure is large, and the stability is poor when the corresponding movement adjustment and rotation adjustment are performed during the working process. For the sliding rail structure and the corresponding driving force, it will affect the smoothness of adjustment. In this embodiment, the distance between the Y-axis guide rail 102 and the rotating shaft is greatly reduced compared with the structure disclosed in this patent, which is beneficial to the stability of the structure and transmission. In addition, the Y-axis guide rails 102 are distributed on the circumference of the rotary box 700 in a triangular distribution form. The Y-axis guide rails 102 on both sides can support the rotary box 700 , and the top Y-axis guide rails 102 can be hoisted, with strong structural stability.
参照图3，在本发明的一些实施例中，立柱200的上端面设置有一条X轴导轨202，立柱200靠近刀具箱体400的侧壁上设置有一条X轴导轨202，滑台500滑动安装于两条X轴导轨202上并通过X轴驱动轴201驱动。本实施例中通过直角分布形式的X轴导轨202来安装滑台500，可以通过水平面上的X轴导轨202来承载滑台500的重量，结构稳定性高，并且有利于提高装配效率。可以理解的是，在实际设置中也可以设置数量更多的X轴导轨202。3, in some embodiments of the present invention, an X-axis guide rail 202 is provided on the upper end surface of the column 200, an X-axis guide rail 202 is provided on the side wall of the column 200 close to the tool box 400, and the slide table 500 is slidably installed on the two X-axis guide rails 202 and driven by the X-axis drive shaft 201 . In this embodiment, the slide table 500 is installed by the X-axis guide rails 202 in the form of right-angle distribution. The X-axis guide rails 202 on the horizontal plane can carry the weight of the slide table 500 , which has high structural stability and is beneficial to improve assembly efficiency. It can be understood that, in actual settings, a larger number of X-axis guide rails 202 may also be provided.
在本发明的一些实施例中，数控机床用于铣齿加工，故而该数控机床还包括排屑器600，排屑器600可移动地设置于工件箱体300的下方。具体的，在用于铣齿加工的时候，刀具主轴用于安装刀盘及铣齿刀，排屑器600用于收集铣齿过程中的废屑。可以在排屑器600的底部设置滚轮来实现移动。本实施例中排屑器600的设置方便移出清理，较传统结构而言，工作过程中所需占用的面积更小，实用性强。In some embodiments of the present invention, the CNC machine tool is used for milling teeth, so the CNC machine tool further includes a chip conveyor 600 , and the chip conveyor 600 is movably disposed below the workpiece box 300 . Specifically, when used for gear milling, the tool spindle is used to install the cutter head and the gear milling cutter, and the chip conveyor 600 is used to collect waste chips during the milling process. A roller can be provided at the bottom of the chip conveyor 600 to realize the movement. The setting of the chip conveyor 600 in this embodiment is convenient for removal and cleaning. Compared with the traditional structure, the area required to be occupied during the working process is smaller, and the practicability is strong.
在本发明的一些实施例中，数控机床用于磨齿加工，故而该数控机床还设置有砂轮修整器301以及油箱303，该油箱303设置于工件箱体300的下方区域，用于收集磨齿过程中的磨削液，并且可以同时设置油泵302，以实现磨削液循环。砂轮修整器301既可以设置于工件箱体300上，也可以设置于立柱200上。在进行磨齿加工时，刀具主轴用于安装砂轮。In some embodiments of the present invention, the CNC machine tool is used for gear grinding, so the CNC machine tool is further provided with a grinding wheel dresser 301 and an oil tank 303, and the oil tank 303 is arranged in the lower area of the workpiece box 300 for collecting the grinding teeth The grinding fluid in the process, and the oil pump 302 can be set at the same time to realize the grinding fluid circulation. The grinding wheel dresser 301 may be installed on the workpiece box 300 or on the upright column 200 . When grinding gears, the tool spindle is used to mount the grinding wheel.
在本发明的一些实施例中，X轴驱动轴201、Y轴驱动轴103和Z轴驱动轴501 采用直线电机、力矩电机、电机丝杆传动机构、油缸驱动机构、齿轮传动机构、曲柄连杆传动机构、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构中的一种进行驱动，这类结构均属于公知技术，故在此不作具体描述。In some embodiments of the present invention, the X-axis drive shaft 201 , the Y-axis drive shaft 103 and the Z-axis drive shaft 501 use linear motors, torque motors, motor screw drive mechanisms, oil cylinder drive mechanisms, gear transmission mechanisms, crank connecting rods One of the transmission mechanism and the worm gear transmission mechanism is used for driving, and such structures belong to the well-known technology, so they will not be described in detail here.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., is meant to incorporate the embodiments A particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by an example or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种数控机床，其特征在于，包括：A CNC machine tool, characterized in that it includes:
    床身，所述床身上沿水平Y轴方向开设有凹槽并于所述凹槽内设置有Y轴驱动轴；a bed, the bed is provided with a groove along the horizontal Y-axis direction and a Y-axis drive shaft is arranged in the groove;
    立柱，架设于所述凹槽上方，所述立柱上设置有水平的X轴驱动轴，所述立柱与所述凹槽的一个端部之间沿Y轴方向内凹形成有让位口；a vertical column is erected above the groove, a horizontal X-axis drive shaft is arranged on the vertical column, and an opening is concavely formed along the Y-axis direction between the vertical column and one end of the groove;
    回转箱，安装于所述Y轴驱动轴上，并设置有回转轴，所述回转轴平行于Y轴；The rotary box is installed on the Y-axis drive shaft, and is provided with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft is parallel to the Y-axis;
    工件箱体，安装于所述回转轴靠近所述让位口的一端，并且所述工件箱体能够全部或者部分收容于所述让位口内，所述工件箱体设置有垂直于Y轴的工件主轴；The workpiece box is installed at one end of the rotary shaft close to the opening, and the workpiece box can be fully or partially accommodated in the opening, and the workpiece box is provided with a workpiece perpendicular to the Y-axis main shaft;
    滑台，安装于所述X轴驱动轴上，所述滑台于靠近所述工件箱体的侧面设置有竖直的Z轴驱动轴；A sliding table is installed on the X-axis drive shaft, and the sliding table is provided with a vertical Z-axis driving shaft on the side surface close to the workpiece box;
    刀具箱体，安装于所述Z轴驱动轴上，所述刀具箱体内设置有刀具主轴，所述刀具主轴平行于Z轴。The tool box is mounted on the Z-axis drive shaft, and a tool spindle is arranged in the tool box, and the tool spindle is parallel to the Z-axis.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述回转箱靠近所述工件箱体的一端对应所述回转轴设置有光栅检测装置，所述光栅检测装置用于检测所述回转轴的旋转角度。The numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a grating detection device is provided at one end of the rotary box close to the workpiece box body corresponding to the rotary shaft, and the grating detection device is used to detect the rotation speed of the rotary shaft. Rotation angle.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述床身于所述凹槽的两侧对应所述回转箱的底部的区域以及所述立柱对应所述回转箱的顶部的区域设置有Y轴导轨，所述回转箱滑动安装于所述Y轴导轨上并通过所述Y轴驱动轴驱动。The CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the area of the bed on both sides of the groove corresponding to the bottom of the rotary box and the area of the column corresponding to the top of the rotary box are provided with A Y-axis guide rail, the rotary box is slidably mounted on the Y-axis guide rail and driven by the Y-axis drive shaft.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述立柱上设置有多条X轴导轨，至少一条所述X轴导轨分布于所述立柱的水平面、至少一条所述X轴导轨分布于所述立柱的竖直面，所述滑台滑动安装于所述X轴导轨上并通过所述X轴驱动轴驱动。The CNC machine tool according to claim 1, wherein: the column is provided with a plurality of X-axis guide rails, at least one of the X-axis guide rails is distributed on the horizontal plane of the column, and at least one of the X-axis guide rails is distributed on the horizontal plane of the column. On the vertical surface of the column, the sliding table is slidably mounted on the X-axis guide rail and driven by the X-axis drive shaft.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述数控机床用于铣齿加工，其设置有排屑器，所述排屑器可移动地设置于所述工件箱体的下方。The numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the numerical control machine tool is used for milling teeth, and is provided with a chip conveyor, and the chip conveyor is movably disposed below the workpiece box.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述排屑器的底部设置有滚轮。The numerical control machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the bottom of the chip conveyor is provided with a roller.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述数控机床用于磨齿加工，其于所述工件箱体的下方设置有油箱。The numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the numerical control machine tool is used for gear grinding, and an oil tank is provided under the workpiece box.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述数控机床还设置有砂轮修 整器，所述砂轮修整器设置于所述工件箱体上或者设置于所述立柱上。The numerical control machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: the numerical control machine tool is further provided with a grinding wheel dresser, and the grinding wheel dresser is arranged on the workpiece box or on the upright column.
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的数控机床，其特征在于：所述X轴驱动轴、所述Y轴驱动轴和所述Z轴驱动轴采用直线电机、力矩电机、电机丝杆传动机构、油缸驱动机构、齿轮传动机构、曲柄连杆传动机构、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构中的一种进行驱动。The CNC machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the X-axis drive shaft, the Y-axis drive shaft and the Z-axis drive shaft are driven by linear motors, torque motors, and motor screw drives It is driven by one of the mechanism, the oil cylinder driving mechanism, the gear transmission mechanism, the crank connecting rod transmission mechanism and the worm gear transmission mechanism.
PCT/CN2020/115940 2020-08-17 2020-09-17 Numerical control machine tool WO2022036797A1 (en)

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