Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
  • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/713—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with four or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P3/00—Fungicides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
  • A01P7/04—Insecticides
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a synergistic pesticidal composition
• a synergistic pesticidal composition comprising of bioactive amounts of (A) an insecticide selected from class of diamide, metadiamide, isoxazoline or mixtures thereof; (B) a fungicide selected from class of triazoles; and (C) at least one more insecticide selected from various class with different mode of action or mixture thereof.
• the present invention further relates to the preparation of the said composition in specific ratio.
• the present invention further relates to process of preparing said composition along with at least one inactive excipients and formulation thereof.
• Combination of insecticides and fingicides are used to broaden the spectrum of control of insect and fungi, to improve the pest control with synergistc effect, reduce dosage, thereby reducing environmental impact, to broaden the spectrum of control, i.e. chewing and sucking insects and fungal disease at a time, decrease chances of resistance development and to enhance residual control so lesser the number of sprays for crop protections and minimizing the pesticidal load in ecosystem.
• the combination of insecticides and fungicide at times demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect that results in an improved control on insect-pests and diseases.
• Insecticide or pesticides are used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yields and product quality which ultimately increased the ease to farmers in term of economic advantage as well as ease of farming activities.
• AU2011295864B2 relates to certain pyrazole derivatives, their N-oxides and salts, and to mixtures and compositions comprising such pyrazole derivatives and methods for using such pyrazole derivatives and their mixtures and compositions as fungicides.
• the inventors show a synergistic mixture of chlorantraniliprole and pro thioconazole.
• US9149044B2 discloses combinations suitable for agricultural use can include (I) a nematode- antagonistic biocontrol agent and (II) one or more agents selected, independently of each other, from any one of (A) to (H): (A) at least one fungicide; (B) at least one insecticide; (C) at least one synthetic nematicide; (D) bacterium of the genus Bacillus; (E) Harpin; (F) Isoflavones; (G) Plant growth regulators; and/or (H) Plant activators.
• the aforesaid invention include Prothioconazole as one of the preferred fungicide and Pymetrozine as one of the preferred insecticidal compound.
• US10076119B2 relates to pesticidal mixtures comprising one biological compound and at least one fungicidal, insecticidal or plant growth regulating compound as defined herein and respective agricultural uses thereof.
• the said invention discloses Prothioconazole as one of the preferred fungicidal compounds and triflumezopyrim as one of the preferred insecticidal compound.
• EP2910126A1 relates to novel active compound combinations comprising at least one known compound of the formula (I) and at least one further active compound, which combinations are highly suitable for controlling animal pests such as unwanted insects and/or unwanted acarids.
• Triflumezopyrim is used as the preferred insecticide while, prothioconazole is used as active compound.
• a pesticidal composition comprises an insecticide selected from class of diamide, metadiamide, isoxazoline or mixtures thereof; a fungicide selected from class of triazoles; and at least one more insecticide selected from various class with different mode of action or mixture thereof which overcomes some of the existing problems and can be prepared easily without much complex manufacturing process.
• the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, fungi and insects.
• the target organism such as plants, fungi and insects.
• most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or even insoluble in water.
• the low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which still have a high stability and effective activity until end use. This problem especially occurs and may get worsen if more than one active compound is present in the composition.
• one object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides and fungicide for the control of foliar feeder insects, soil born insects, sap suckers, foliar and soil born fungal diseases.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for controlling insect pests.
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides and fungicide that promote plant health and to increase crop yield in the field condition.
• Embodiment of the present invention can ameliorate one or more of the above mentioned problems.
• Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the novel synergistic pesticidal composition of an insecticide selected from class of diamide, metadiamide, isoxazoline or mixtures thereof; a fungicide selected from class of triazoles; and at least one more insecticide selected from various class with different mode of action or mixture thereof as described herein which can provide solution to the above mentioned problems.
• an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal compositions comprising bioactive amounts of (A) an insecticide selected from class of diamide, metadiamide, isoxazoline or mixtures thereof; (B) a fungicide selected from class of triazoles; and (C) at least one more insecticide selected from various class with different mode of action or mixture thereof.
• compositions comprising bioactive amounts of (A) Insecticide selected from the class of diamides, metadiamides or isoxazolines or mixture thereof; (B) fungicide(s) selected from the class of triazoles; (C) one or more Insecticide compound selected from the class of carbamates, organophosphates, phenylpyrazole, pyrethroids, nicotinic insecticides, spinosyns, mectins, juvenile hormone mimics, from the class of chordotonal organs modulators, mite growth inhibitors, microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, nereistoxin, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1, moulting disruptors, ecdyson receptor agonists, octopamin receptor agonist
• the present invention provides a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material a composition comprising a pesticidal composition defined in the first aspect.
• formulation for the pesticidal composition is selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro -emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (
• the remainder of the aqueous formulation is preferably wholly water but may comprise other materials, such as inorganic salts.
• the formulation is preferably, completely free from organic solvents.
• the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal compositions comprising bioactive amounts of (A) Insecticide selected from the class of diamides, metadiamides or isoxazolines or mixture thereof; (B) fungicide(s) selected from the class of triazoles; (C) one or more Insecticide compound selected from the class of carbamates, organophosphates, phenylpyrazole, pyrethroids, nicotinic insecticides, spinosyns, mectins, juvenile hormone mimics, from the class of chordotonal organs modulators, mite growth inhibitors, microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, nereistoxin, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1, moulting disruptors, ecdyson receptor agonists, octop
• Bioactive amounts as mentioned herein means that amount which, when applied treatment of crops, is sufficient to effect such treatment.
• an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal compositions comprising bioactive amounts of (A) an insecticide selected from class of diamide, metadiamide, isoxazoline or mixtures thereof; (B) a fungicide selected from class of triazoles; and (C) at least one more insecticide selected from various class with different mode of action or mixture thereof.
• a further aspect of the present invention provides an pesticidal compositions comprising bioactive amounts of (A) Insecticide selected from the class of diamides, metadiamides or isoxazolines or mixture thereof; (B) fungicide(s) selected from the class of triazoles; (C) one or more Insecticide compound selected from the class of carbamates, organophosphates, phenylpyrazole, pyrethroids, nicotinic insecticides, spinosyns, mectins, juvenile hormone mimics, from the class of chordotonal organs modulators, mite growth inhibitors, microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, nereistoxin, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1, moulting disruptors, ecdyson receptor agonists, octopamin receptor agonists
• an Insecticide from the class of diamide is selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, cyproflanilide, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor.
• an Insecticide from the class of metadiamide is broflanilide.
• an Insecticide from the class of Isoxazolines is selected from fluxametamide, isocycloseram.
• a fungicide from the class of triazoles is selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, frutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, pro thioconazole, simconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, tiradimefon, tiradimenol, triticonazole or tricyclazole or mixture thereof.
• an Insecticide from the class of carbamates is selected from carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, thiodicarb.
• an Insecticide from the class of organophosphates is selected from acephate, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos -methyl, demeton-S -methyl, dimethoate, ethion, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, methamidophos, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosphamidon, profenofos, quinalphos, and triazophos.
• an Insecticide from the class of Phenylpyrazole is selected from ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, nicofluprole, pyrafluprole, or pyriprole.
• an Insecticide from the class of pyrethroids is selected from bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta- cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, tau-fluvalinate, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, and pyrethrin.
• an Insecticide from the class of nicotinic insecticides such as Neonicotinoids is selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyrimin, cycloxaprid, paichongding, guadipyr, cycloxylidin; Sulfoximines like sulfoxaflor; Butenolides like flupyradifurone; Mesoionics like triflumezopyrim, dichloromezotiaz.
• an Insecticide from the class of spinosyns is selected from spinosad, spinetoram.
• an Insecticide from the class of mectins is selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin; Milbemycins like milbemectin.
• an Insecticide from the class of juvenile hormone mimics is selected from hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen.
• an Insecticide from the class of chordotonal organs modulators is selected from homopteran feeding blockers like pyridine azomethine: pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon; pyropenes like afidopyropen; and flonicamid.
• an Insecticide from the class of mite growth inhibitors is selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin or etoxazole.
• an Insecticide from the class of microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane is selected from Bacillus thuringiensis and insecticidal proteins and their by-products.
• an Insecticide from the class of inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase is selected from diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, or tetradifon.
• an Insecticide from the class of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation is selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC, or sulfluramid.
• an Insecticide from the class of nereistoxin is selected from bensultap, monosultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thiocyclam hydrochloride, thiosultap sodium.
• an Insecticide from the class of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors is selected from Benzoylureas-bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron.
• an Insecticide from the class of nereistoxin is selected from bensultap, monosultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thiocyclam hydrochloride, thiosultap sodium.
• an Insecticide from the class of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors is selected from Benzoylureas-bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron.
• an Insecticide from the class of moulting disruptors is cyromazine.
• an Insecticide from the class of ecdyson receptor agonists is selected from diacylhydrazines like methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide.
• an Insecticide from the class of octopamin receptor agonists is amitraz.
• an Insecticide from the class of METI mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors
• METI mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors
• fenazaquin fenpyroximate
• pyrimidifen pyridaben
• tebufenpyrad pyridaben
• tolfenpyrad flufenerim
• rotenone cyenopyrafen
• cyflumetofen pyflubumidemm
• hydramethylnon acequinocyl, flometoquin
• fluacrypyrim pyriminostrobin or bifenazate.
• an Insecticide from the class of voltage -dependent sodium channel blockers is selected from oxadiazines like indoxacarb, semicarbazones like metaflumizone.
• an Insecticide from the class of inhibitors of the lipid synthesis inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase (Tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives) is selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat or spiropidion.
• an Insecticide from the class of Baculoviruses is selected from Granuloviruses and Nucleopolyhedrosis viruses.
• an Insecticide from the class of compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action is selected from azadirechtin, benzpyrimoxan (insect growth regulators), pyridalyl, oxazosulfyl, dimpropyridaz (pyrazole carboxamide insecticide), fluhexafon, acaricidal compounds-cyetpyrafen, flupentiofenox, acynonapyr; nematicidal compounds-cyclobutrifluram, fluazaindolizine, or tioxazafen.
• Chlorantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that functions via activation of the insect ryanodine receptors within the sarcoplasmic reticulum causing impaired regulation of muscle contraction. Sustained release of calcium levels within the cytosol leads to muscle contraction, paralysis and eventual death of the organism. While insects possess a single form of the ryanodine receptor distributed in muscle and neuronal tissue, mammals possess three forms which are widely distributed in muscle and non -muscle tissues.
• Cyantraniliprole is an insecticide of the ryanoid class. It is approved for use in the United States, Canada, China, and India. Because of its uncommon mechanism of action as a ryanoid, it has activity against pests such as Diaphorina citri that have developed resistance to other classes of insecticides. Cyantraniliprole is highly toxic to bees. It is a new second- generation ryanodine receptor insecticide whose pesticidal mode of action is through unregulated activation of insect ryanodine receptor channels, which leads to internal calcium store depletion and impaired regulation of muscle contraction, causing paralysis and eventual death of the insect. Cyantraniliprole is used to control insect pests in fruit crops, tree nuts, oil seed crops, cotton, grapes, rice, vegetables, ornamentals and turf around the world.
• Cyclaniliprole is an insecticide belonging to the chemical class of diamide insecticides and pyrazole insecticides. Despite its structural similarity to some of the phenylpyrazole insecticides, this substance has a different mode of action, which it shares with other diamide insecticides. Diamides act at the ryanodine receptor, which is critical for muscle contraction.
• Broflanilide is a compound with a novel mode of action (IRAC Group 30), demonstrating excellent efficacy in the control of many problematic chewing insect pests, including caterpillars and beetles in specialty and row crops, and non-crop pests such as termites, ants, cockroaches and flies. It has potential use applications in cereals as a seed treatment for control of wireworms, as well as for foliar use in leafy and fruiting vegetables, potato, soybean, cotton, com and legumes.
• IRAC Group 30 novel mode of action
• Isoxazoline group of insecticides Isocycloseram: It is a broad spectrum insecticide and acaricide, including activity against lepidopteran, hemipteran, coleopteran, thysanopteran and dipteran pest species. Isocycloseram acts as a non-competitive GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist at a site different from known antagonists such as fiproles and cyclodienes.
• Triazole group of Fungicides is Triazole group of Fungicides:
• Prothioconazole is a synthetic compound of the triazolinthione family of compounds. It is a broad spectrum systemic fungicide, with curative, preventative and eradicative action. It can be used as both a seed treatment and a foliar treatment. After absorption it moves into cells of the target organisms, effecting sterol biosynthesis and thereby disrupting membrane structure. This ultimately effects hyphal growth and germ tube elongation.
• Fungi susceptible to prothioconazole include early leaf spot (Mycosphaerella arachidis), eyespot, Fusarium spp., powdery mildew, net blotch, phoma leaf spot, Rhynchosporium secalis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Septoria tritici, Septoria nodorum, rust and tan spot.
• Prothioconazole is approved for use on barley, durum wheat, oats, oilseed rape (winter), rye (winter), and wheat.
• Difenoconazole is a broad spectrum fungicide that controls a wide variety of fungi - including members of the Aschomycetes, Basidomycetes and Deuteromycetes families. It acts as a seed treatment, foliar spray and systemic fungicide. It is taken up through the surface of the infected plant and is translocated to all parts of the plant. It has a curative effect and a preventative effect. Difenoconazole can be applied to winter wheat, oilseed rape, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, broccoli/calabrese and cauliflower.
• difenoconazole It controls various fungi including Septoria tritici, Brown Rust, Light Leaf Spot, Leaf Spot, Pod Spot, Ring Spot and Stem canker. It also prevents Ear Discolouration in winter wheat.
• the mode of action of difenoconazole is that it is a sterol demethylation inhibitor which prevents the development of the fungus by inhibiting cell membrane ergosterol biosynthesis.
• Tebuconazole It is a broad spectrum systemic Triazole fungicide with protective, curative and eradicative mode of action. It is effective against wide range of diseases. It is very effective against brown rust, leaf blotch, Net blotch, septoria leaf spot& Yellow rust of cereals; Soybean- Asian rust, brown spot/Septoria leaf spot, Powdery mildew; Rice -Dirty panicle & grain discoloration. Organophosphate group of Insecticide :
• Acephate is an organophosphate foliar and soil insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10-15 days at the recommended use rate. It is used primarily for control of aphids, including resistant species, in vegetables (e.g. potatoes, carrots, greenhouse tomatoes, and lettuce) and in horticulture (e.g. on roses and greenhouse ornamentals). It also controls leaf miners, caterpillars, sawflies, thrips, and spider mites in the previously stated crops as well as turf, and forestry. By direct application to mounds, it is effective in destroying imported fire ants. Acephate is sold as a soluble powder, as emulsifiable concentrates, as pressurized aerosol, and in tree injection systems and granular formulations.
• Lambda- cyhalothrin belongs to a group of chemicals called pyrethroids. Pyrethroids are manmade chemicals that are similar to the natural insecticides pyrethrins. scientistss developed pyrethroid insecticides to have properties better than those of the pyrethrins. Pyrethroids, including lambda-cyhalothrin, disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system in an organism. By disrupting the nervous system of insects, lambda- cyhalothrin may cause paralysis or death. Temperature influences insect paralysis and the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin.
• Nicotinic group of Insecticides is a Nicotinic group of Insecticides:
• Thiamethoxam is a broad-spectrum, systemic insecticide, which means it is absorbed quickly by plants and transported to all of its parts, including pollen, where it acts to deter insect feeding. An insect can absorb it in its stomach after feeding, or through direct contact, including through its tracheal system. The compound gets in the way of information transfer between nerve cells by interfering with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, and eventually paralyzes the muscles of the insects.
• Flupyrimin A novel chemotype insecticide flupyrimin has unique biological properties, including outstanding potency to imidacloprid (IMI) -resistant rice pests together with superior safety toward pollinators.
• FLP acts as a nicotinic antagonist in American cockroach neurons, and [3H]FLP binds to the multiple high-affinity binding components in house fly nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) preparation.
• ACh house fly nicotinic acetylcholine
• nAChR house fly nicotinic acetylcholine
• One of the [3H]FLP receptors is identical to the IMI receptor, and the alternative is IMI -insensitive subtype.
• FLP is favorably safe to rats as predicted by the very low affinity to the rat a4p2 nAChR.
• FLP analogues in terms of receptor potency, featuring the pyridinylidene and trifluoroacetyl pharmacophores, were examined, thereby establishing the FLP molecular recognition at the Aplysia californica ACh -binding protein, a suitable structural surrogate of the insect nAChR.
• FLP pharmacophores account for the excellent receptor affinity, accordingly revealing differences in its binding mechanism from IMI.
• Triflumezopyrim Triflumezopyrim, a newly commercialized molecule belongs to the novel class of mesoionic insecticides. Triflumezopyrim is an extremely effective hopper insecticide with low impact on non-target organisms including pollinators. This unique class of mesoionic chemistry targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, inducing a physiological action which is distinct from that of neonicotinoids.
• Mectin group of Insecticide is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-methyl methyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-
• Emamectin benzoate Emamectin is widely used in controlling lepidopterous pests (order of insects that as larvae are caterpillars and as adults have four broad wings including butterflies, moths, and skippers) in agricultural produce.
• the low-application rate of the active ingredient needed ( ⁇ 6 g/acre) and broad-spectrum applicability as an insecticide has gained emamectin significant popularity among farmers.
• Emamectin has been shown to possess a greater ability to reduce the colonization success of engraver beetles and associated wood borers in loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L).
• Methoxyfenozide is a carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl, and tertbutyl groups respectively. It has a role as an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and an insecticide. It is a carbohydrazide and a monomethoxybenzene. Methoxyfenozide is the newest diacylhydrazine insecticide to reach the marketplace.
• Methoxyfenozide binds with very high affinity to the ecdysone receptor complex in lepidopteran insects, where it functions as a potent agonist, or mimic, of the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E).
• Methoxyfenozide exhibits high insecticidal efficacy against a wide range of important caterpillar pests, including many members of the family Pyralidae, Pieridae, Tortricidae and Noctuidae. It is most effective when ingested by the target caterpillar, but it also has some topical and ovicidal properties. It is modestly root systemic, but not significantly leaf-systemic. Evidence collected to date indicates that methoxyfenozide has an excellent margin of safety to non-target organisms, including a wide range of non-target and beneficial insects.
• Dimpropyridaz Chemically is a pyrazole carboxamide insecticide that has a pyridin-3-yl group, as in tyclopyrazoflor. Dimpropyridaz is effective against aphids. Dimpropyridaz mechanism of action is unknown.
• the present inventors believe that the combination of the present invention surprisingly results in a synergistic action.
• the combinations of the present invention allow for a broad spectrum of pest control and has surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield.
• the broad spectrum of the present combination also provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance.
• the synergistic composition has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic pesticidal properties for protecting cultivated plants.
• said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such pathogens.
• Active ingredient composition has the special advantage of being highly active against diseases in the soil that mostly occur in the early stages of plant development.
• the synergistic composition of pesticide are used to protect the crops and plants from insect and pests.
• the lists of the major crops includes but are not limited to GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO varieties of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Oat (Avena sativa), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum
• berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, etc. , trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, etc.
• the synergistic combination of the present invention used to control the insects-pests and plant parasitic nematode.
• the major insects pests are belongs to the order Hemiptera, for example, rice leafhopper Nephotettix nigropictus, rice brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugen, rice white backed plant hopper, Apple Mealy bug Phenococcus aceris, bean aphid Aphis fabae, black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii, citrus black scale Saissetia oleae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, citrus red scale Aonidiella aurantii, yellow scale Aonidiella citrine, citrus mealybug Pianococcus citri, com leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, cotton jassid Amrasca biguttula biguttla, cotton mealy bug Pianococcus spp.
• Pseudococcus spp. cotton Stainer Dysdercus suturellus, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, cowpea aphid Aphis crassivora, grain aphid Sitobion avenae, golden glow aphid Uroleucon spp., grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus, green peach aphid Myzus persicae, greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, papaya mealy bug Pracoccus marginatus, pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari, potato aphid Myzus persicae, potato leaf hopper Empoasca fabae, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris, wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum, mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni, Idio
• Diabrotica virgifera cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata, boll weevil Anthonomus grandis, grape flea beetle Altica chalybea, grape root worm Fidia viticola, grape trunk borer Clytoleptus albofasciatus, radish flea beetle Phyllotreta armoraciae, maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi, rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Anthonomus grandis, Bruchus lentis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, various species of white grubs are Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holot
• Calotermes flavicollis Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisa spp., from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Solenopsis spp.
• ⁇ from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigona soccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., from the order Acarina, for example, Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus punicae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus;
• Diptera for example, Antherigona soccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp.
• Acarina for example, Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mang
• Blast Magnaporthe grisea
• Helminthosporium leaf spot Helminthosporium leaf spot
• sheath blight Sheath blight
• bakanae disease Gibberella fujikuroi
• grain discoloration dirty panicles caused by Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Drechslera spp., Fusarium spp., Phoma spp. Etc.
• Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia damping-off
• smut Ustilago maydis
• brown spot Cochliobolus heterostrophus
• copper spot Gloeocercospora sorghi
• southern rust Puccinia polysora
• gray leaf spot Cercospora zeae-maydis
• white spot Phaeosphaeria mydis and/or Pantoea ananatis
• Rhizoctonia damping-off Rhizoctonia solani
• blossom blight (Monilinia mali), canker (Valsa ceratosperma), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Alternaria leaf spot (Altemaria altemata apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew, bitter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum), crown rot (Phytophtora cactorum), blotch (Diplocarpon mali), and ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana).
• scab (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), powdery mildew, black spot (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), rust (Gymno sporangium haraeanum), and phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophtora cactorum).
• brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), powdery mildew, scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), and phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.).
• anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), ripe rot (Glomerella cingulata), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), botrytis, and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).
• kidney bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum).
• Diseases of peanut leaf spot (Cercospora personata), brown leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii).
• brown spot (Altemaria longipes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoraceamm), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae).
• sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
• Diseases of cotton Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
• Diseases of sugar beat Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), leaf blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris), Root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), and Aphanomyces root rot (Aphanomyces cochlioides).
• Black sigatoka Mycosphaerella fijiensis
• Yellow sigatoka Mycosphaerella musicola
• composition according to the invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages of pests, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
• the pests may be controlled by contacting the target pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures.
• the term "health of a plant” or “plant health” is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products. As a result of the improved health, yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress are increased. Noteworthy, the health of a plant when applying the method according to the invention, is increased independently of the pesticidal properties of the active ingredients used because the increase in health is not based upon the reduced disease pressure but instead on complex physiological and metabolic reactions which result for example in an activation of the plant's own natural defense system. As a result, the health of a plant is increased even in the absence of diseases pressure.
• the health of a plant is increased both in the presence and absence of biotic or abiotic stress factors.
• the above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent or they may result from each other.
• An increase in plant vigor may for example result in an increased yield and/or tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress.
• One indicator for the condition of the plant is the yield.
• Yield is to be understood as any plant product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants) or even flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals).
• the plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or processed after harvesting.
• the yield of the treated plant is increased.
• the yield of the plants treated according to the method of the invention is increased synergistically.
• "increased yield" of a plant, in particular of an agricultural, silvicultural and/or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixture according to the invention.
• Increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved proper-ties of the plant: increased plant, weight, increased plant height, increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW), increased number of flowers per plant, higher grain yield, more tillers or side shoots (branches), larger leaves, increased shoot growth, increased protein content, increased oil content, increased starch content, increased pigment content, increased leaf are index.
• FW overall fresh weight
• branches side shoots
• the yield is increased by at least 5 %, preferable by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 % compared to the untreated control plants or plants treated with pesticides in a way different from the method according to the present invention.
• the yield increase may even be higher.
• a further indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant vigor.
• the plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance.
• the plant vigor of the treated plant is increased.
• the plant vigor of the plants treated according to the method of the invention is increased synergistically.
• Improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant, improved plant growth, improved plant development, improved visual appearance, improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging), improved emergence, enhanced root growth and/or more developed root system, enhanced nodulation, in particular rhizobium nodulation, bigger leaf blade, bigger size, increased plant weight, increased plant height, increased tiller number, increased number of side shoots, increased number of flowers per plant, increased shoot growth, increased root growth (extensive root system), increased yield when grown on poor soils or unfavorable climate, enhanced photosynthetic activity (e.g.
• the improvement of the plant vigor according to the present invention particularly means that the improvement of any one or several or all of the above mentioned plant characteristics are improved independently of the pesticidal action of the mixture or active ingredients (components).
• Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "quality" of a plant and/or its products.
• the quality of the treated plant is increased.
• the quality of the plants treated according to the method of the invention is increased synergistically.
• enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention.
• Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product: increased nutrient content, increased protein content, increased content of fatty acids, increased metabolite content, increased carotenoid content, increased sugar content, increased amount of essential amino acids, improved nutrient composition, improved protein composition, improved composition of fatty acids, improved metabolite composition, improved carotenoid composition, improved sugar composition, improved amino acids composition, improved or optimal fruit color, improved leaf color, higher storage capacity, higher processability of the harvested products.
• Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors.
• Biotic and abiotic stress can have harmful effects on plants. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes.
• "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors” means (1.) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with a mixture according to the invention and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the mixture according to the invention on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal action which directly destroys the microorganisms or diseases, but rather by a stimulation of the plants' own defensive reactions against said stress factors.
• One or more of the active ingredients is encapsulated for various purposes, such as to increase the residual biological activity, or to reduce the acute toxicity, or to obtain a physical or chemically stable water-based formulation.
• the purpose determines whether the “free” active ingredient and the “release rate” are relevant properties of a specific product.
• Further pesticidal composition comprising (A) Insecticide selected from the class of diamides, metadiamides or isoxazolines or mixture thereof; (B) fungicide(s) selected from the class of triazoles; (C) one or more Insecticide compound selected from the class of carbamates, organophosphates, phenylpyrazole, pyrethroids, nicotinic insecticides, spinosyns, mectins, juvenile hormone mimics, from the class of chordotonal organs modulators, mite growth inhibitors, microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, nereistoxin, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1, moulting disruptors, ecdyson receptor agonists, octopamin receptor agonists, METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, voltage
• the present invention relates to the synergistic pesticidal composition
• the synergistic pesticidal composition comprising bioactive amounts of (A) is 0.1 to 30% w/w of the composition; (B) is 0.1 to 40% w/w of the composition; and (C) is 0.1 to 30% w/w of the composition.
• composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients further comprises inactive excipients including but not limited to dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, antimicrobial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”) and buffering agent.
• a dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re -aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank.
• surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to reaggregation of particles.
• the most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types.
• the most common dispersants are sodium lingo sulphonates.
• suspension concentrates very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates. Tri styrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters are also used.
• Nonionics such as alkyl aryl ethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersants for suspension concentrates.
• anionics such as alkyl aryl ethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers
• dispersants new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces.
• dispersants used herein for suspension concentrate formulation include but not limited to alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, naphthalenesulfonic acid , sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid condensated with formaldehyde, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium polycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propylene oxide-ethylene oxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6- tristyrylphenyl ether, tri styrylphenol -polyglycol ether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycol ether-phosphate, oleyl-polyg
• dispersants used herein for Oil Dispersion formulation include but not limited to alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide -propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide -butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, poly amine -fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based
• Anti-freezing agent as used herein for suspension concentrate formulation can be selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerin or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol), glycerin, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride etc.
• Anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles.
• antifoam agents there are two types of antifoam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl poly siloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water- insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.
• antifoaming agents used in suspension concentrate (SC) formulation and oil Dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10 ⁇ C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8 ⁇ C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethyl siloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane, etc.
• a wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading.
• Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules.
• wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, polyalkoxylated butyl ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, organosilicons surfactants (as a wetting-spreading-penetrating agent) includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane cop
• wetting agent used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation examples include but not limited to ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyldiphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate.
• wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to Organosilicone surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, 10 mole ethylene oxide adduct of octylphenol, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof etc;
• emulsifying agent used herein for Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide -propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate etc;
• Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil.
• This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated.
• the carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).
• suspending agent used in suspension concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay;
• antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to, l,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2- nitropropane-l,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenyl phenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
• Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets.
• Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening -gelling agents for many years.
• SC suspension concentrate
• materials used herein for suspension concentrate (SC) formulation include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; gelatin; methyl cellulose; PVK; carboxymethyl celluloses; sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof.
• Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohols and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.
• Oil dispersion (OD) formulation examples include but not limited to hectorite clay, aluminium magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, and attapulgite clay.
• the quick coating agent can be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate and vinyl pyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymers and mixtures thereof.
• acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(ortho esters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these.
• acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers
• Biodegradable polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention.
• a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment.
• biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present invention include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch ester aliphatic polyester blends, modified com starch, poly capro lactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, poly anhydrides, poly vinyl alcohol, poly hydroxyl butyrate valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and poly hydroxyl butyrate or mixtures thereof.
• Buffering agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.
• Carrier or diluting agent as solvent for the Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from and not limited to vegetable oil (plant, seed or tree) or its alkylated or ethoxylated or esterified.
• the alkylated vegetable oil may be methylated vegetable oil or ethylated vegetable oil.
• the vegetable oils include olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, rapeseed-mustard oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil.
• the alkyl ester of vegetable oils includes methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester or butyl ester of vegetable oils.
• Some of the examples are rapeseed oil methyl ester, rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, soybean oil methyl ester, soybean oil ethyl ester, soybean oil propyl ester, soybean oil butyl ester, castor oil methyl ester, castor oil ethyl ester, castor oil propyl ester, castor oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil methyl ester, cotton seed oil ethyl ester, cotton seed oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil propyl ester, tall oil fatty acids esters-tallow methyl ester, tallow ethyl ester, tallow propyl ester, bio-diesel, mineral oil (aromatic solvents, isopar
• the solvent for the formulation of the present invention may include water, water soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers.
• the water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols.
• the term "lower alcohol”, as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tertbutanol, etc.
• Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc.
• suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers.
• the examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc.
• dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.
• Chlorantraniliprole 2%+Prothioconazole 12.5%+Triflumezopyrim 2% SC (Suspension Concentrate) formulation complies all the inhouse parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH range, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
• effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticidal activity than the sum of the pesticidal activities of the individual components.
• Agronomic Practices All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement except insect and disease control.
• Fruit borer larval control (%)- Count the number of fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) larvae per plant and record the observations from randomly selected 10 plants per plot. Calculate larval control (%) as-
• Table 2 Fruit borer larval control and powdery mildew disease control in okra crop
• Agronomic Practices All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement except insect and disease control.
• Stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) control (% reduction in white earhead) - Count the number of infested tillers (white ear) and healthy tillers per hill. Record such observations from 10 hills per plot. Calculate stem borer incidence (as % white ear incidence) and then re-calculate stem borer control (% reduction in white ear).
• Brown Plant Hopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens): The observation was recorded by counting the no. of live BPH per hill. Record the observations from 10 hills per plot. The percent insect control was worked out by below formula:
• Table 7 Stem borer and BPH control in Paddy crop All the ready-mix innovative combinations (Tl, T2, T3 and T4) provides synergistic control of paddy stem borer and BPH.
• Crop age 74 days after transplanting.
• Spray water volume 510 liter per hectare
• Agronomic Practices All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement except insecticidal and fungicidal sprays.
• Fruit rot (Colletotrichum capsici) control Observations was recorded on disease severity in each treatment before and at 14 days after spray. The observations of severity of fruit rot disease were recorded using 0-9 grade. 100 randomly selected fruits per plot were scored as per scale.
• the percent disease index (PDI) was calculated by the following formula. Fruit rot disease grading (0-9 scale):
• % Fruit borer larval control and fruit rot disease control data were used to check the synergism by applying Colby’s formula given above.
• Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis control (%): Count the number of insects per twig by gently shaking the twig over black piece of paper. Record observations from such 3 twigs per plant and 10 plants per plot. Calculate % insect control by given formula.
• % Insect control data used to check the synergism by applying Colby’s formula given above.
• Fruit count Count the number of healthy fruits per plant. Record such observations from 10 plants per plot.
• Table 9 Treatment details Table 10: Control of fruit borer larvae and thrips in chilly crop
• Table 11 Chilly Fruit rot disease control and fruit count
• Crop age 88 days after transplanting.
• Spray water volume 510 liter per hectare
• Agronomic Practices All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement except insecticidal and fungicidal sprays.
• Ealy blight (Altemaria solani) control Observations was recorded on disease severity in each treatment before and at 14 days after spray. The observations of severity of early blight disease were recorded using 0-9 grade. 100 randomly selected trifoliate leaves per plot were scored as per scale. The percent disease index (PDI) was calculated by the following formula.
• Terminology used in bio-efficacy trials are cm-centimetre, m- meter, g-gram, kg-kilogram, ml- millilitre, sq.mt. Square meter (m 2 ), DAS (Days after sowing), DAP (Days after planting), DATP (Days after transplanting), DAA (Days after application), T for Treatment, spp. -species, Ob. Value - observed value, Cal. Value - calculated value.

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