WO2022012697A1 - Method for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen taking fluctuating power input and apparatus for same - Google Patents

Method for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen taking fluctuating power input and apparatus for same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012697A1
WO2022012697A1 PCT/CN2021/113701 CN2021113701W WO2022012697A1 WO 2022012697 A1 WO2022012697 A1 WO 2022012697A1 CN 2021113701 W CN2021113701 W CN 2021113701W WO 2022012697 A1 WO2022012697 A1 WO 2022012697A1
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power
electrolysis
water
hydrogen
module
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PCT/CN2021/113701
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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彭笑东
宋洁
徐桂芝
邓占锋
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全球能源互联网研究院有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, in particular to a method and a device for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input.
  • Hydrogen is widely used in petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, aerospace, metallurgy and other fields, especially as an important medium for energy interconnection and transformation, promoting the clean and efficient use of traditional fossil energy and supporting the large-scale development of renewable energy, achieving large-scale Deep decarbonization.
  • As a kind of clean energy hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high energy density, non-polluting utilization process, and long-term storage. With the popularization of hydrogen energy, the market demand for hydrogen energy is getting higher and higher.
  • hydrogen production technologies mainly include fossil fuel hydrogen production and water electrolysis hydrogen production.
  • fossil fuel hydrogen production technology mainly includes natural gas steam reforming hydrogen production, heavy oil partial oxidation hydrogen production and coal gasification hydrogen production; fossil fuel hydrogen production technology mainly faces impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen in hydrogen products, which cannot meet the requirements for hydrogen quality. higher industry.
  • Hydrogen production from water electrolysis mainly includes hydrogen production from alkaline water electrolysis, hydrogen production from solid oxide water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis of water for hydrogen production; the produced hydrogen has high purity and low impurity content, and can be used in various occasions . Therefore, electrolysis of water for hydrogen production is widely used.
  • PEM proton exchange membrane
  • CN111139493A discloses a solar photovoltaic photothermal high-temperature electrolysis water system.
  • Hydrogen system CN204529991U discloses a high-temperature electrolysis water hydrogen production system coupled with solar light and heat; the hydrogen production systems disclosed in the above two documents all use new energy, and various new energy is converted into electricity.
  • the adaptability of the hydrogen production system to new energy is poor: the intermittent and fluctuating new energy will cause the system to start and stop frequently, which not only affects the changes in hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, but also And the start-up rate will decrease, which in turn affects the hydrogen yield, quality and production safety.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect of poor adaptability in the prior art systems for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water using new energy sources, thereby providing a method and device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input.
  • a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input comprising,
  • the electrolysis power is used to provide electrical energy for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen
  • the thermal storage power is converted into heat energy to provide start-up energy for hydrogen production from water electrolysis, so as to improve the cold start speed of hydrogen production from water electrolysis.
  • the fluctuating input power when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the electrolysis power, directly assigning the fluctuating input power as the electrolysis power using the power adjustment switch; performing for the first priority;
  • the power adjustment switch When the fluctuating input power is greater than the electrolysis power, the power adjustment switch is used to distribute the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power; bidirectional power regulation is realized, and the allocated thermal storage power is executed with the second priority.
  • the step of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen includes,
  • a hydrogen-containing product and an oxygen-containing product are formed, and the hydrogen-containing product is separated to obtain hydrogen and purified to obtain a hydrogen product, and the oxygen-containing product is separated to obtain oxygen and purified to obtain an oxygen product.
  • the water for electrolysis is ion-exchanged to obtain deionized water for electrolytic hydrogen production.
  • the regeneration gas is continuously heated to 60-450° C. using the thermal energy converted from the thermal storage power, and the heated regeneration gas is used for the regeneration of the purification step and/or the ion exchange step, and the purification step This includes purification of hydrogen and/or purification of oxygen.
  • the water obtained by separating the hydrogen-containing product and the water obtained by separating the oxygen-containing product are mixed with the water for electrolysis and pressurized, and then subjected to ion exchange to obtain the deionized water.
  • the method for hydrogen production from water electrolysis is alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, solid oxide water electrolysis hydrogen production, or proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, including:
  • a power conditioning module for distributing the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power
  • a hydrogen production module connected with the power adjustment module, to use the distributed electrolysis power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen;
  • a thermal storage module connected with the power adjustment module, to convert the distributed thermal storage power into thermal energy, and the thermal energy is input to the hydrogen production module to improve the cold start rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.
  • the power adjustment switch allocates all the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module; it is executed for the first priority;
  • the power adjustment switch allocates the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module and the heat storage module at the same time; two-way power regulation is realized, and the power allocated to the heat storage module is the second priority level execution.
  • the power regulation module includes: an programmable logic controller module, a first priority switch, a second priority switch, and a power sensor;
  • the programmable logic controller module is respectively connected with the power sensor, the first priority switch and the second priority switch; it is used to control the opening and closing of the first priority switch and the second priority switch to assign the ripple type input power;
  • the power sensor is connected to the fluctuating power supply for real-time detection of the input power.
  • the working principle of the power conditioning module before operation, the two priority switches are kept off; the voltage of the same voltage level is applied to the two ends of the heat storage module and the hydrogen production module respectively.
  • the PLC controls the first The priority switch is closed; the power sensor detects the input power in real time and returns the signal to the PLC; when the input power is less than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell, the PLC controls the second priority switch to open; when the input power is greater than the required power of the electrolytic cell At the maximum power, the PLC controls the second priority switch to close, and the heat storage module starts; through the built-in resistance of the heat storage module and the hydrogen production module, the bidirectional adjustment of power is realized, that is, the power exceeding the maximum power required by the electrolyzer is distributed to Thermal storage module.
  • the hydrogen production module includes,
  • an electrolytic cell which is respectively connected to the power conditioning module and the heat storage module;
  • the separation sub-module includes an oxygen separation component and a hydrogen separation component, which are respectively connected to the electrolyzer;
  • the purification sub-module includes an oxygen purification component and a hydrogen purification component, the oxygen purification component is connected with the oxygen separation component, and the hydrogen purification component is connected with the hydrogen separation component.
  • the hydrogen production module further includes a water treatment sub-module, including a water purifier, a booster, and an ion exchange column connected in sequence, and the ion exchange column is connected to the electrolytic cell.
  • a water treatment sub-module including a water purifier, a booster, and an ion exchange column connected in sequence, and the ion exchange column is connected to the electrolytic cell.
  • the oxygen separation assembly and the hydrogen separation assembly are also connected to the booster.
  • the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water further includes a regeneration sub-module, which is respectively connected to the oxygen purification component, the hydrogen purification component, and the ion exchange column through a heat storage module.
  • At least two of the ion exchange column, the oxygen purification assembly and the hydrogen purification assembly are arranged side by side.
  • the thermal storage module includes a converter, a regenerator, and a heat exchanger connected in sequence;
  • the converter is connected with the power conditioning module, the heat accumulator is connected with the electrolytic cell, and the heat exchanger is connected with the oxygen purification assembly, the hydrogen purification assembly and the ion exchange column, respectively.
  • Both the heat accumulator and the heat exchanger are filled with electric heating devices of heat accumulating materials, and the heating temperature is 80°C-500°C.
  • the method for producing hydrogen from electrolyzed water with fluctuating power input includes, utilizing a power adjustment switch to distribute the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power; Electric energy; the thermal storage power is converted into thermal energy to provide starting energy for hydrogen production from water electrolysis, so as to improve the cold start speed of hydrogen production from water electrolysis.
  • the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input can significantly improve the electrolysis rate by distributing the fluctuating power as thermal storage power and converting the thermal storage power into thermal energy to provide starting energy for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.
  • the cold start speed of water hydrogen production will not cause the system to stop, effectively avoid the frequent start and stop of the system caused by the fluctuating power input, and will not affect the changes of hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, ensuring the production, quality and continuous safety of hydrogen. Production.
  • the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the present invention adjusts the output mode of fluctuating power through a power adjustment switch, and cooperates with heat storage to play a synergistic effect: the input of fluctuating power and the hydrogen production by electrolysis of water
  • the system has good adaptability, high electrolysis efficiency, fast cold start rate, and efficient utilization of fluctuating input electric energy.
  • the power adjustment switch when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the electrolysis power, directly allocates the fluctuating input power as electrolysis power; it is executed for the first priority. ; When the fluctuating input power is greater than the electrolysis power, the power adjustment switch distributes the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power; bidirectional power regulation is realized, and the assigned thermal storage power is executed with the second priority.
  • the first priority is continuous execution
  • the second priority is intermittent execution; it can ensure that the electrolyzer operates within the range of the maximum power, expand the power usage range of the hydrogen production system, and effectively Alleviate the fluctuating impact of fluctuating power on the hydrogen production system, improve system stability and safety, and prolong the service life of the electrolyzer.
  • the additional intermittently collected electrical energy is converted into heat energy through heat storage and stored, and used for production.
  • the hydrogen system ensures the stable operation of the entire system.
  • the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the present invention can play a synergistic effect by cooperating with the output mode of fluctuating power and heat storage: the input of fluctuating power has good adaptability to the system for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, and the electrolysis High efficiency, fast cold start rate, and efficient utilization of fluctuating input power.
  • the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by continuously heating the regeneration gas to 60-450° C. in the thermal storage module, and then using the heated regeneration gas for the purification step and ion exchange
  • the regeneration of the step that is, the purification and the regeneration are carried out at the same time, which improves the stability, operation life and hydrogen production efficiency of the entire hydrogen production system, and at the same time realizes the efficient utilization of the fluctuating input electric energy.
  • water electrolysis, purification and regeneration are carried out simultaneously, independent of each other, and do not affect each other, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen production and prolonging the working cycle of the system.
  • the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiments of the present invention is suitable for various types of hydrogen production systems from water electrolysis, and has a wide range of applications.
  • the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, through the mutual cooperation of the hydrogen production module, the power adjustment module and the heat storage module, to ensure that the water is electrolyzed within a range that does not exceed the maximum power, Expand the power usage range of the hydrogen production system, effectively alleviate the fluctuation impact of the fluctuating new energy on the hydrogen production system, improve the system stability and safety, and extend the service life of the hydrogen production module. It is converted into heat energy and stored. When the hydrogen production module is started, the stored thermal energy is used to quickly reach the operating temperature of the hydrogen production module, which improves the cold start speed of the hydrogen production module. Even if the input electrolysis power does not reach the maximum power, it will not.
  • the electrolysis is stopped, which effectively avoids the frequent start and stop of the hydrogen production module caused by the fluctuating power input, and does not affect the changes of hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, ensuring the output, quality and continuous and safe production of hydrogen.
  • the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the present invention has good adaptability between the input of fluctuating power and the hydrogen production system, high electrolysis efficiency, and realizes efficient utilization of fluctuating input electric energy.
  • the power adjustment module allocates all the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module; Executed for the first priority; when the fluctuating input power is greater than the power required by the hydrogen production module, the power adjustment switch allocates the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module and the heat storage module at the same time; realizes two-way power regulation, and allocates it to the heat storage module The power of the module is executed for the second priority.
  • the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by setting at least two of the ion exchange column, the oxygen purification assembly and the hydrogen purification assembly side by side; Purification and regeneration are carried out alternately; the operation efficiency and cycle of the hydrogen production module are improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit structure diagram of a power adjustment switch in a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a fluctuating power input in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the dense dashed line in Fig. 1 represents the energy flow; the sparse dashed line Represents purge gas; solid line - represents the flow path of water, hydrogen and oxygen;
  • the present embodiment provides a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • Steps of adjusting the fluctuating power when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell, the input power is connected to the electrolytic cell to participate in the electrolysis of deionized water;
  • the part equal to the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell is connected to the electrolytic cell to participate in the electrolysis of deionized water and is set as the first priority; the excess part is connected to the thermal storage module , set as the second priority, convert it into thermal energy in the thermal storage module and store it in the thermal storage module; the fluctuating power is provided by the fluctuating electric energy output module, specifically new energy or low-valley electricity, and the new energy can be photovoltaic power generation Or wind power generation, etc.; this embodiment adopts photovoltaic power generation.
  • Hydrogen production steps from electrolyzed water after the electrolysis water is filtered by a water purifier and treated with impurity removal, the water is pressurized to the working pressure; after being treated by an ion exchange column, deionized water with a conductivity greater than 15M ⁇ cm is obtained into the electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic cell is started.
  • the thermal energy is stored in the thermal storage module, the thermal energy stored in the thermal storage module is transferred to the electrolyzer during startup to improve the cold startup rate.
  • Oxygen purification step Oxygen and unreacted deionized water flow out from the cathode outlet of the electrolytic cell. After passing through the gas-water separator, the separated liquid water is mixed with the water filtered and impurity-removed by the pure water machine, and the separated oxygen enters The oxygen purification component is purified to obtain an oxygen product with a purity of 99.9-99.999%;
  • Hydrogen purification step Hydrogen and the water permeating through the membrane flow out from the anode outlet of the electrolytic cell. After passing through the gas-water separator, the separated liquid water is mixed with the water filtered and impurity-removed by the water purifier, and the separated hydrogen enters The hydrogen purification module is purified to obtain a hydrogen product with a purity of 99.9-99.999%;
  • Regeneration step After the purging regeneration gas heated by the heat exchange module is continuously heat-exchanged to a temperature of 60-450°C, it enters the oxygen purification component, the hydrogen purification component and the ion exchange column respectively. The adsorption materials in each module pass through high temperature. Regenerate after purging, restore activity, and discharge purge regeneration gas;
  • oxygen purification components hydrogen purification components and ion exchange columns arranged side by side carry out the purification of oxygen, hydrogen and electrolysis water respectively, so that the purification and regeneration of oxygen purification components, hydrogen purification components and ion exchange columns can be carried out at the same time.
  • the method for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water may be any one of alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, solid oxide water electrolysis hydrogen production, and proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production. In this embodiment, proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production is adopted.
  • this embodiment provides a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, including a power conditioning module, a heat storage module 1 and a hydrogen production module 2;
  • the power adjustment module may be a power adjustment switch 3, as shown in FIG. 2, including a power sensor 32, an editable logic controller module 31, a first priority switch 33 and a second priority switch; wherein the editable logic control
  • the controller module 31 controls the first priority switch 33 and the second priority switch, and is respectively connected with the power sensor 32, the first priority switch 33 and the second priority switch; the power sensor 32 is connected with the wave power supply.
  • the working principle of the power adjustment switch before operation, the two priority switches are kept in the off state; the voltage of the same voltage level is applied to the two ends of the heat storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2 respectively.
  • the logic controller module 31 controls the first priority switch 33 to close; the power sensor 32 detects the input power in real time and returns the signal to the programmable logic controller module 31; when the input power is less than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201, the The editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch to be turned off; when the input power is greater than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201, the editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch to be closed, and the heat storage module 1 is activated;
  • the built-in resistors in the heat storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2 realize bidirectional regulation of power, that is, the power exceeding the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201 is distributed to the heat storage module 1 .
  • the power adjustment switch is not limited to the above-mentioned manner, and can be replaced as long as the electrical components that satisfy the above-mentioned power distribution are satisfied.
  • the heat storage module 1 includes a converter 12, a heat accumulator 11 and a heat exchanger 13 which are connected in sequence; the converter 12 is connected to the power adjustment switch 3, the heat accumulator 11 is connected to the electrolytic cell 201, and the heat exchanger 13 Connect to the oxygen purification component, the hydrogen purification component and the ion exchange column respectively.
  • the thermal storage power is converted into thermal energy in the converter 12 and stored in the thermal accumulator 11 for use. It provides starting energy for hydrogen production from electrolyzed water, which can significantly improve the cold start speed of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water, without causing the module to stop, effectively avoiding the frequent starting and stopping of the module caused by fluctuating power input, and will not affect the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen. changes to ensure the yield, quality and continued safe production of hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen production module 2 includes,
  • the electrolytic cell 201 is connected to the power adjustment switch 3 and the heat accumulator 11 respectively;
  • the separation module includes a gas-liquid separator 202 for oxygen and water, a gas-liquid separator 203 for hydrogen and water; and is respectively connected to the electrolytic cell 201 for the oxygen-containing products and hydrogen-containing products obtained by electrolysis of the electrolytic cell 201 Separated to obtain oxygen and hydrogen;
  • Purification sub-module including parallel oxygen purification assembly-1 208 and oxygen purification assembly-2 209, parallel hydrogen purification assembly-1 206 and hydrogen purification assembly-2 207; 2 oxygen purification assemblies are both gas-liquid with oxygen and water
  • the separator 202 is connected; the two hydrogen purification components are connected to the gas-liquid separator 203 of hydrogen and water; the gas-liquid separator 202 used to separate hydrogen, oxygen and water obtained by the gas-liquid separator 203 of hydrogen and water The obtained oxygen is purified to obtain an oxygen product and a hydrogen product;
  • the water treatment sub-module includes a pure water machine 210, a booster 211 connected in sequence, and an ion exchange column-1204 and an ion exchange column-2 205 connected in parallel; the two parallel ion exchange columns are respectively connected with the electrolytic cell 201,
  • the pure water obtained after the water for electrolysis is filtered by the water purifier 210 and treated with impurity removal is pressurized to the working pressure by the booster 211 and then enters the ion exchange column for ion exchange. hydrogen production.
  • the pure water separated by the gas-liquid separator 203 of hydrogen and water, and the pure water separated by the gas-liquid separator 202 of oxygen and water are mixed with the pure water treated by the pure water machine 210 and then pressurized by the supercharger 211 to enter. Ion exchange column.
  • the heat storage module 1 includes a converter 12, a heat accumulator 11 and a heat exchanger 13 connected in sequence; and the heat accumulator 11 is connected with the electrolytic cell 201, and the heat exchanger 13 is respectively connected with two parallel ion exchange columns, two The parallel oxygen purification components and 2 parallel hydrogen purification components are connected; the electrical energy input through the power regulating switch 3 is converted into heat energy through the converter 12, and then stored in the heat accumulator 11, and the heat in the heat accumulator 11 can be transferred to The purging regeneration gas is heated in the heat exchanger 13 continuously and is used for the regeneration of the ion exchange column, the hydrogen purification assembly and the oxygen purification assembly in the water treatment module and the purification module; the purification and regeneration are carried out at the same time.
  • the interior of the heat accumulator 11 and the heat exchanger 13 are filled with heat storage materials, and the heat storage materials can be water, heat transfer oil, sensible heat heat storage materials, phase change heat storage materials, etc.;
  • the temperature of the device 13 is 80°C-500°C.
  • the heat stored in the heat accumulator 11 can be input to the electrolytic cell 201 to be started, so as to improve the cold start rate of the electrolytic cell 201, and at the same time, the regenerating gas is continuously heated and purged in the heat exchanger 13, and the heated purge gas is heated.
  • the scavenging regeneration gas is respectively input to the oxygen purification module, hydrogen purification module and ion exchange column for regeneration.
  • oxygen purification components, the hydrogen purification components and the ion exchange columns are not limited to the above-mentioned two in parallel, but can also be connected in multiples, such as three in parallel, four in parallel, and the like.
  • the purging regeneration gas can be hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen.
  • the above-mentioned device is suitable for any method of electrolysis of water for hydrogen production, such as alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production, solid oxide water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and proton exchange membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production.
  • the above-mentioned device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input through the cooperation of the power adjustment switch 3 and the heat storage module 1, makes the input of the fluctuating power and the hydrogen production module 2 from electrolyzed water have good adaptability, high electrolysis efficiency, and cold storage.
  • the start-up rate is fast, and the efficient use of fluctuating input power is realized.
  • both the first priority switch 33 and the second priority switch are kept off, and voltages of the same voltage level are respectively applied to both ends of the heat storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2.
  • the programmable logic controller module 31 controls the first priority switch 33 to close; the power sensor 32 detects the input power in real time and returns the signal to the programmable logic controller module 31; when the input power is less than the electrolytic cell
  • the editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch 34 to turn off; when the input power is greater than the maximum power required by the electrolysis cell 201, the editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch 34 is closed, and the thermal storage module 1 is activated; through the built-in resistances of the thermal storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2, two-way power regulation is realized, that is, the power exceeding the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201 is distributed to the thermal storage module 1.
  • the power distributed to the thermal storage module 1 is first converted from electrical energy into thermal energy in the converter 12, and then input into the thermal accumulator 11 for storage.
  • the water for electrolysis is filtered and treated by the pure water machine 210, it is pressurized to the working pressure in the supercharger 211, and then input into the ion exchange column-2 205 for deionization, and the obtained deionized water is input into the electrolytic cell 201 for Hydrogen production by electrolysis; the hydrogen and unreacted water produced by the electrolytic cell 201 flow out from the anode outlet of the electrolytic cell 201 and enter the gas-liquid separator 203 for hydrogen and water for separation, and the separated hydrogen enters the hydrogen purification component-2 207 for purification
  • the hydrogen product is obtained;
  • the oxygen and unreacted water produced by the electrolytic cell 201 flow out from the cathode outlet of the electrolytic cell 201 and enter the gas-liquid separator 202 of oxygen and water for separation, and the separated oxygen enters the oxygen purification assembly-2 209 for purification
  • Oxygen product is obtained; the pure water separated by the gas-liquid separator 202 of oxygen and water, the gas-liquid separator 203 of

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Abstract

A method for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen taking a fluctuating power input and an apparatus for same, the method comprising: allocating a fluctuating input power into an electrolysis power and a thermal storage power; the electrolysis power being used to provide electrical energy for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen; and the thermal storage power being converted into thermal energy to provide starting energy for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, in order to increase the cold start speed of electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. The apparatus comprises: a power adjustment module, used to allocate the fluctuating power input into an electrolysis power and a thermal storage power; a hydrogen producing module, connected to the power adjustment module in order to use the allocated electrolysis power to perform electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen; and a thermal storage module, connected to the power adjustment module in order to convert the allocated thermal storage power into thermal energy, the thermal energy being inputted into the hydrogen producing module in order to improve the cold start speed of electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.

Description

一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法及其装置A method and device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input
相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
本申请基于申请号为202010683783.3、申请日为2020年7月15日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。This application is based on the Chinese patent application with the application number of 202010683783.3 and the filing date of July 15, 2020, and claims the priority of the Chinese patent application. The entire content of the Chinese patent application is incorporated herein by reference.
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电解水制氢技术领域，具体涉及一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法及其装置。The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, in particular to a method and a device for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input.
背景技术Background technique
氢气在石油、化工、医药、航天、冶金等各领域中都应用的十分广泛，尤其是作为能源互联转化的重要媒介，推动传统化石能源清洁高效利用和支撑可再生能源大规模发展，实现大规模深度脱碳。氢能源作为一种清洁能源，具有能量密度高、利用过程无污染、可长时间存储的特点，随着氢能源的普及，市场对于氢能源的需求变得越来越高。Hydrogen is widely used in petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, aerospace, metallurgy and other fields, especially as an important medium for energy interconnection and transformation, promoting the clean and efficient use of traditional fossil energy and supporting the large-scale development of renewable energy, achieving large-scale Deep decarbonization. As a kind of clean energy, hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high energy density, non-polluting utilization process, and long-term storage. With the popularization of hydrogen energy, the market demand for hydrogen energy is getting higher and higher.
目前，制氢技术主要包括矿物燃料制氢和水电解制氢。其中，矿物燃料制氢技术主要包括天然气蒸汽转化制氢、重油部分氧化制氢及煤气化制氢；矿物燃料制氢技术主要面临着氢气产品中具有硫、氮等杂质，无法满足对于氢气品质要求较高的产业。电解水制氢主要包含碱性电解水制氢、固体氧化物水电解制氢和质子交换膜(PEM)电解水制氢；其制得的氢气纯度高、杂质含量少、能够适用于各种场合。因此，电解水制氢技术应用的较为广泛。At present, hydrogen production technologies mainly include fossil fuel hydrogen production and water electrolysis hydrogen production. Among them, fossil fuel hydrogen production technology mainly includes natural gas steam reforming hydrogen production, heavy oil partial oxidation hydrogen production and coal gasification hydrogen production; fossil fuel hydrogen production technology mainly faces impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen in hydrogen products, which cannot meet the requirements for hydrogen quality. higher industry. Hydrogen production from water electrolysis mainly includes hydrogen production from alkaline water electrolysis, hydrogen production from solid oxide water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis of water for hydrogen production; the produced hydrogen has high purity and low impurity content, and can be used in various occasions . Therefore, electrolysis of water for hydrogen production is widely used.
随着新能源技术的发展，诸如光伏、风电等应用也越来越广泛，尤其 是应用光伏、风电等新能源来电解水制氢，例如，CN111139493A公开了一种太阳能光伏光热高温电解水制氢***；CN204529991U公开了一种耦合太阳能光热的高温电解水制氢***；上述两篇文献中公开的制氢***均采用的是新能源，各种新能源被转换为电力的形式被利用，但是，由于新能源具有间歇性和波动型，导致制氢***对新能源的适应性较差：新能源的间歇性和波动型会导致***的频繁启停，不仅影响氢、氧浓度的变化，而且启动速率会下降，进而影响氢气的产量、质量和生产安全。With the development of new energy technologies, applications such as photovoltaic and wind power are becoming more and more extensive, especially the application of photovoltaic, wind power and other new energy sources to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. For example, CN111139493A discloses a solar photovoltaic photothermal high-temperature electrolysis water system. Hydrogen system; CN204529991U discloses a high-temperature electrolysis water hydrogen production system coupled with solar light and heat; the hydrogen production systems disclosed in the above two documents all use new energy, and various new energy is converted into electricity. However, due to the intermittent and fluctuating nature of new energy, the adaptability of the hydrogen production system to new energy is poor: the intermittent and fluctuating new energy will cause the system to start and stop frequently, which not only affects the changes in hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, but also And the start-up rate will decrease, which in turn affects the hydrogen yield, quality and production safety.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中采用新能源电解水制氢的***存在适应性较差的缺陷，从而提供一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法及其装置。Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect of poor adaptability in the prior art systems for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water using new energy sources, thereby providing a method and device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input.
为此，本发明实施例提供了如下技术方案：To this end, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，包括，A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, comprising,
将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率；Distribute the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power;
所述电解功率用以为电解水制氢提供电能；The electrolysis power is used to provide electrical energy for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen;
所述蓄热功率转化为热能用以为电解水制氢提供启动能量，以提高电解水制氢的冷启动速度。The thermal storage power is converted into heat energy to provide start-up energy for hydrogen production from water electrolysis, so as to improve the cold start speed of hydrogen production from water electrolysis.
一些实施方案中，当波动型输入功率不大于电解功率时，利用功率调节开关将波动型输入功率直接分配为电解功率；为第一优先级执行；In some embodiments, when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the electrolysis power, directly assigning the fluctuating input power as the electrolysis power using the power adjustment switch; performing for the first priority;
当波动型输入功率大于电解功率时，利用功率调节开关将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率；实现双向功率调节，分配的蓄热功率为第二优先级执行。When the fluctuating input power is greater than the electrolysis power, the power adjustment switch is used to distribute the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power; bidirectional power regulation is realized, and the allocated thermal storage power is executed with the second priority.
一些实施方案中，所述电解水制氢步骤包括，In some embodiments, the step of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen includes,
水电解后形成含氢产品和含氧产品，分离所述含氢产品得到氢气并纯化后得到氢气产品，分离所述含氧产品得到氧气并纯化后得到氧气产品。After water electrolysis, a hydrogen-containing product and an oxygen-containing product are formed, and the hydrogen-containing product is separated to obtain hydrogen and purified to obtain a hydrogen product, and the oxygen-containing product is separated to obtain oxygen and purified to obtain an oxygen product.
一些实施方案中，电解用水经离子交换后得到去离子水用以电解制氢。In some embodiments, the water for electrolysis is ion-exchanged to obtain deionized water for electrolytic hydrogen production.
一些实施方案中，利用所述蓄热功率转化的热能持续加热再生气至60-450℃，加热后的再生气用于所述纯化步骤和/或所述离子交换步骤的再生，所述纯化步骤包括氢气的纯化和/或氧气的纯化。In some embodiments, the regeneration gas is continuously heated to 60-450° C. using the thermal energy converted from the thermal storage power, and the heated regeneration gas is used for the regeneration of the purification step and/or the ion exchange step, and the purification step This includes purification of hydrogen and/or purification of oxygen.
一些实施方案中，分离所述含氢产品得到的水和分离所述含氧产品得到的水与所述电解用水混合并增压后，再经离子交换得到所述去离子水。In some embodiments, the water obtained by separating the hydrogen-containing product and the water obtained by separating the oxygen-containing product are mixed with the water for electrolysis and pressurized, and then subjected to ion exchange to obtain the deionized water.
一些实施方案中，所述电解水制氢方法为碱性水电解制氢、固体氧化物水电解制氢或质子交换膜电解制氢。In some embodiments, the method for hydrogen production from water electrolysis is alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, solid oxide water electrolysis hydrogen production, or proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production.
本发明实施例还提供了一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，包括：The embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, including:
功率调节模块，用以将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率；A power conditioning module for distributing the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power;
制氢模块，与所述功率调节模块连接，以利用分配的电解功率进行电解水制氢和氧；A hydrogen production module, connected with the power adjustment module, to use the distributed electrolysis power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen;
蓄热模块，与所述功率调节模块连接，以将分配的蓄热功率转化为热能，所述热能输入所述制氢模块，以提高电解水制氢的冷启动速率。A thermal storage module, connected with the power adjustment module, to convert the distributed thermal storage power into thermal energy, and the thermal energy is input to the hydrogen production module to improve the cold start rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.
具体地，当波动型输入功率不大于制氢模块所需功率时，功率调节开关将波动型输入功率全部分配给制氢模块；为第一优先级执行；Specifically, when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the power required by the hydrogen production module, the power adjustment switch allocates all the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module; it is executed for the first priority;
当波动型输入功率大于制氢模块所需功率时，功率调节开关将波动型输入功率同时分配给制氢模块和蓄热模块；实现功率的双向调节，分配至蓄热模块的功率为第二优先级执行。When the fluctuating input power is greater than the power required by the hydrogen production module, the power adjustment switch allocates the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module and the heat storage module at the same time; two-way power regulation is realized, and the power allocated to the heat storage module is the second priority level execution.
一些实施方案中，所述功率调节模块包括：可编辑逻辑控制器模块，第一优先级开关，第二优先级开关和功率传感器；In some embodiments, the power regulation module includes: an programmable logic controller module, a first priority switch, a second priority switch, and a power sensor;
可编辑逻辑控制器模块(PLC)分别与功率传感器、第一优先级开关和第二优先级开关连接；用于控制第一优先级开关和第二优先级开关的断开和闭合来分配波动型输入功率；The programmable logic controller module (PLC) is respectively connected with the power sensor, the first priority switch and the second priority switch; it is used to control the opening and closing of the first priority switch and the second priority switch to assign the ripple type input power;
功率传感器与波动型电源连接，用于对输入的功率进行实时检测。The power sensor is connected to the fluctuating power supply for real-time detection of the input power.
功率调节模块的工作原理：运行前，两个优先级开关均保持断开状态；在蓄热模块及制氢模块的两端分别施加同电压等级的电压，波动型功率输入时，PLC控制第一优先级开关闭合；功率传感器对输入功率进行实时检测并将信号返回至PLC；当输入功率小于电解槽所需最大功率时，PLC控制第二优先级开关断开；当输入功率大于电解槽所需最大功率时，PLC控制第二优先级开关闭合，蓄热模块启动；通过蓄热模块及制氢模块内置的电阻，从而实现功率的双向调节，即将超出电解槽所需最大功率部分的功率分配至蓄热模块。The working principle of the power conditioning module: before operation, the two priority switches are kept off; the voltage of the same voltage level is applied to the two ends of the heat storage module and the hydrogen production module respectively. When the fluctuating power is input, the PLC controls the first The priority switch is closed; the power sensor detects the input power in real time and returns the signal to the PLC; when the input power is less than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell, the PLC controls the second priority switch to open; when the input power is greater than the required power of the electrolytic cell At the maximum power, the PLC controls the second priority switch to close, and the heat storage module starts; through the built-in resistance of the heat storage module and the hydrogen production module, the bidirectional adjustment of power is realized, that is, the power exceeding the maximum power required by the electrolyzer is distributed to Thermal storage module.
一些实施方案中，所述制氢模块包括，In some embodiments, the hydrogen production module includes,
电解槽，分别与所述功率调节模块和蓄热模块连接；an electrolytic cell, which is respectively connected to the power conditioning module and the heat storage module;
分离子模块，包括氧气分离组件和氢气分离组件，分别与所述电解槽连接；The separation sub-module includes an oxygen separation component and a hydrogen separation component, which are respectively connected to the electrolyzer;
纯化子模块，包括氧气纯化组件和氢气纯化组件，所述氧气纯化组件与所述氧气分离组件连接，所述氢气纯化组件与所述氢气分离组件连接。The purification sub-module includes an oxygen purification component and a hydrogen purification component, the oxygen purification component is connected with the oxygen separation component, and the hydrogen purification component is connected with the hydrogen separation component.
一些实施方案中，所述制氢模块还包括水处理子模块，包括顺次连接的纯水机、增压器和离子交换柱，所述离子交换柱与所述电解槽连接。In some embodiments, the hydrogen production module further includes a water treatment sub-module, including a water purifier, a booster, and an ion exchange column connected in sequence, and the ion exchange column is connected to the electrolytic cell.
一些实施方案中，所述氧气分离组件和氢气分离组件还与所述增压机连接。In some embodiments, the oxygen separation assembly and the hydrogen separation assembly are also connected to the booster.
一些实施方案中，电解水制氢的装置还包括再生子模块，通过蓄热模块分别与所述氧纯化组件、氢纯化组件、离子交换柱连接。In some embodiments, the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water further includes a regeneration sub-module, which is respectively connected to the oxygen purification component, the hydrogen purification component, and the ion exchange column through a heat storage module.
一些实施方案中，所述离子交换柱、氧气纯化组件和氢气纯化组件均并排设置至少两个。In some embodiments, at least two of the ion exchange column, the oxygen purification assembly and the hydrogen purification assembly are arranged side by side.
一些实施方案中，所述蓄热模块包括依次连接的转化器、蓄热器和换热器；In some embodiments, the thermal storage module includes a converter, a regenerator, and a heat exchanger connected in sequence;
所述转化器与功率调节模块连接，所述蓄热器与电解槽连接，所述换热器分别与氧气纯化组件、氢气纯化组件和离子交换柱连接。The converter is connected with the power conditioning module, the heat accumulator is connected with the electrolytic cell, and the heat exchanger is connected with the oxygen purification assembly, the hydrogen purification assembly and the ion exchange column, respectively.
所述蓄热器和换热器内部均充有蓄热材料的电加热装置，加热温度为80℃－500℃。Both the heat accumulator and the heat exchanger are filled with electric heating devices of heat accumulating materials, and the heating temperature is 80°C-500°C.
本发明实施例的技术方案，包括如下优点：The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention include the following advantages:
1.本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，包括，利用功率调节开关将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率；所述电解功率用以为电解水制氢提供电能；所述蓄热功率转化为热能用以为电解水制氢提供启动能量，以提高电解水制氢的冷启动速度。1. The method for producing hydrogen from electrolyzed water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes, utilizing a power adjustment switch to distribute the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power; Electric energy; the thermal storage power is converted into thermal energy to provide starting energy for hydrogen production from water electrolysis, so as to improve the cold start speed of hydrogen production from water electrolysis.
本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，通过将波动型功率分配为蓄热功率，并将蓄热功率转化为热能用以为电解水制氢提供启动能量，可显著提高电解水制氢的冷启动速度，不会造成***的停止，有效避免了波动型功率输入造成***的频繁启停，而且不会影响氢气、氧气浓度的变化，保证氢气的产量、质量和持续安全地生产。本发明提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，通过功率调节开关调节波动型功率的输出方式，并与蓄热相互配合，可发挥协同作用：波动型功率的输入与电解水制氢的***适应性好，电解效率高，冷启动速率快，而且实现了波动输入电能的高效利用。The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention can significantly improve the electrolysis rate by distributing the fluctuating power as thermal storage power and converting the thermal storage power into thermal energy to provide starting energy for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. The cold start speed of water hydrogen production will not cause the system to stop, effectively avoid the frequent start and stop of the system caused by the fluctuating power input, and will not affect the changes of hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, ensuring the production, quality and continuous safety of hydrogen. Production. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the present invention adjusts the output mode of fluctuating power through a power adjustment switch, and cooperates with heat storage to play a synergistic effect: the input of fluctuating power and the hydrogen production by electrolysis of water The system has good adaptability, high electrolysis efficiency, fast cold start rate, and efficient utilization of fluctuating input electric energy.
2.本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，当波动型输入功率不大于电解功率时，功率调节开关将波动型输入功率直接分配为电解功率；为第一优先级执行；当波动型输入功率大于电解功率时，功率调节开关将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率；实现双向功率调节，分配的蓄热功率为第二优先级执行。通过限定波动型功率的输出方式：第一优先级为不间断执行，第二优先级为间断性执行；可保证电解槽在不超过最大功率的范围内运行，扩大制氢***功率使用范围，有效缓解波动型 功率对制氢***的波动冲击，提高***稳定性，安全性，延长电解槽使用寿命的同时，通过蓄热将额外间歇性收集的电能转化为热能并进行储存，并以用于制氢***，保证整个***的稳定运行。本发明提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，通过波动型功率的输出方式与蓄热相互配合，可发挥协同作用：波动型功率的输入与电解水制氢的***适应性好，电解效率高，冷启动速率快，而且实现了波动输入电能的高效利用。2. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the electrolysis power, the power adjustment switch directly allocates the fluctuating input power as electrolysis power; it is executed for the first priority. ; When the fluctuating input power is greater than the electrolysis power, the power adjustment switch distributes the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power; bidirectional power regulation is realized, and the assigned thermal storage power is executed with the second priority. By limiting the output mode of fluctuating power: the first priority is continuous execution, and the second priority is intermittent execution; it can ensure that the electrolyzer operates within the range of the maximum power, expand the power usage range of the hydrogen production system, and effectively Alleviate the fluctuating impact of fluctuating power on the hydrogen production system, improve system stability and safety, and prolong the service life of the electrolyzer. At the same time, the additional intermittently collected electrical energy is converted into heat energy through heat storage and stored, and used for production. The hydrogen system ensures the stable operation of the entire system. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the present invention can play a synergistic effect by cooperating with the output mode of fluctuating power and heat storage: the input of fluctuating power has good adaptability to the system for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, and the electrolysis High efficiency, fast cold start rate, and efficient utilization of fluctuating input power.
3.本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，通过将再生气在蓄热模块内持续加热至60-450℃，然后将加热后的再生气用于纯化步骤和离子交换步骤的再生，也就是纯化和再生同时进行，提高整个制氢***的稳定性、运行寿命及制氢效率的同时，实现波动输入电能的高效利用。3. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by continuously heating the regeneration gas to 60-450° C. in the thermal storage module, and then using the heated regeneration gas for the purification step and ion exchange The regeneration of the step, that is, the purification and the regeneration are carried out at the same time, which improves the stability, operation life and hydrogen production efficiency of the entire hydrogen production system, and at the same time realizes the efficient utilization of the fluctuating input electric energy.
4.本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，电解水、纯化和再生同时进行，相互独立，互不影响，提高制氢效率，延长***的工作周期。4. In the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, water electrolysis, purification and regeneration are carried out simultaneously, independent of each other, and do not affect each other, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen production and prolonging the working cycle of the system.
5.本发明实施例提供的本发明提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，适用于各种类型的电解水制氢***，适用范围广。5. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiments of the present invention is suitable for various types of hydrogen production systems from water electrolysis, and has a wide range of applications.
6.本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，通过制氢模块、功率调节模块和蓄热模块的相互配合，保证电解水时在不超过最大功率的范围内运行，扩大制氢***功率使用范围，有效缓解波动型新能源对制氢***的波动冲击，提高***稳定性，安全性，延长制氢模块使用寿命的同时，通过蓄热模块将额外间歇性收集的电能转化为热能并进行储存，在制氢模块启动时，利用存储的热能使制氢模块快速达到运行温度，提高制氢模块的冷启动速度，即使输入的电解功率达不到最大功率，也不会造成电解的停止，有效避免了波动型功率输入造成制氢模块的频繁启停，而且不会影响氢气、氧气浓度的变化，保证氢气的产量、质量和持续安全地生产。本发明提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，波动型功率的 输入与制氢***适应性好，电解效率高，而且实现波动输入电能的高效利用。6. The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, through the mutual cooperation of the hydrogen production module, the power adjustment module and the heat storage module, to ensure that the water is electrolyzed within a range that does not exceed the maximum power, Expand the power usage range of the hydrogen production system, effectively alleviate the fluctuation impact of the fluctuating new energy on the hydrogen production system, improve the system stability and safety, and extend the service life of the hydrogen production module. It is converted into heat energy and stored. When the hydrogen production module is started, the stored thermal energy is used to quickly reach the operating temperature of the hydrogen production module, which improves the cold start speed of the hydrogen production module. Even if the input electrolysis power does not reach the maximum power, it will not. The electrolysis is stopped, which effectively avoids the frequent start and stop of the hydrogen production module caused by the fluctuating power input, and does not affect the changes of hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, ensuring the output, quality and continuous and safe production of hydrogen. The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the present invention has good adaptability between the input of fluctuating power and the hydrogen production system, high electrolysis efficiency, and realizes efficient utilization of fluctuating input electric energy.
7.本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，当波动型输入功率不大于制氢模块所需功率时，功率调节模块将波动型输入功率全部分配给制氢模块；为第一优先级执行；当波动型输入功率大于制氢模块所需功率时，功率调节开关将波动型输入功率同时分配给制氢模块和蓄热模块；实现功率的双向调节，分配至蓄热模块的功率为第二优先级执行。通过上述功率的分配实现波动型输入电能高效利用的同时，提高整个制氢模块的稳定性、运行寿命及制氢效率。7. In the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the power required by the hydrogen production module, the power adjustment module allocates all the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module; Executed for the first priority; when the fluctuating input power is greater than the power required by the hydrogen production module, the power adjustment switch allocates the fluctuating input power to the hydrogen production module and the heat storage module at the same time; realizes two-way power regulation, and allocates it to the heat storage module The power of the module is executed for the second priority. Through the above-mentioned power distribution, the high-efficiency utilization of the fluctuating input electric energy is realized, and the stability, operation life and hydrogen production efficiency of the entire hydrogen production module are improved.
8.本发明实施例提供的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，通过设置所述离子交换柱、氧气纯化组件和氢气纯化组件均并排设置至少两个；实现各组件及离子交换柱的纯化和再生交替进行；提高制氢模块的运行效率和周期，提高制氢效率。8. The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by setting at least two of the ion exchange column, the oxygen purification assembly and the hydrogen purification assembly side by side; Purification and regeneration are carried out alternately; the operation efficiency and cycle of the hydrogen production module are improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency is improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
图1是本发明实施例2中波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置的示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input in Example 2 of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例2中波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置中功率调节开关的电路结构图。2 is a circuit structure diagram of a power adjustment switch in a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a fluctuating power input in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
附图说明：图1中的密虚线代表能量流；疏虚线
Figure PCTCN2021113701-appb-000001
代表吹扫气；实线——代表水、氢气和氧气的流动路线； Description of the drawings: The dense dashed line in Fig. 1 represents the energy flow; the sparse dashed line
Figure PCTCN2021113701-appb-000001
Represents purge gas; solid line - represents the flow path of water, hydrogen and oxygen;
具体实施方式detailed description
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明，并不局限于所述最佳实施方式，不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制，任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention, and are not limited to the best embodiments, and do not limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by combining with the features of other prior art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。If the specific experimental steps or conditions are not indicated in the examples, it can be carried out according to the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field. The reagents or instruments used without the manufacturer's indication are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained from the market.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，具体包括如下步骤：The present embodiment provides a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, which specifically includes the following steps:
调节波动功率步骤：当波动型输入功率不大于电解槽所需最大功率时，输入功率均接入电解槽参与去离子水水电解；Steps of adjusting the fluctuating power: when the fluctuating input power is not greater than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell, the input power is connected to the electrolytic cell to participate in the electrolysis of deionized water;
当波动型输入功率大于电解槽所需最大功率时，与电解槽所需最大功率相等的部分接入电解槽参与去离子水水电解，设为第一优先级；超出的部分接入蓄热模块，设为第二优先级，在蓄热模块内将其转化为热能并储存在蓄热模块；波动型功率采用波动型电能输出模块提供，具体为新能源或低谷电，新能源可以为光伏发电或风力发电等；本实施例采用光伏发电。When the fluctuating input power is greater than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell, the part equal to the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell is connected to the electrolytic cell to participate in the electrolysis of deionized water and is set as the first priority; the excess part is connected to the thermal storage module , set as the second priority, convert it into thermal energy in the thermal storage module and store it in the thermal storage module; the fluctuating power is provided by the fluctuating electric energy output module, specifically new energy or low-valley electricity, and the new energy can be photovoltaic power generation Or wind power generation, etc.; this embodiment adopts photovoltaic power generation.
电解水制氢步骤：电解用水经过纯水机进行过滤、除杂处理后，增压至工作压力；经过离子交换柱处理后得到电导率大于15MΩ·cm的去离子水进入电解槽，电解槽启动时，将蓄热模块储存的热能传输给启动时的电解槽，提高冷启动速率。Hydrogen production steps from electrolyzed water: after the electrolysis water is filtered by a water purifier and treated with impurity removal, the water is pressurized to the working pressure; after being treated by an ion exchange column, deionized water with a conductivity greater than 15MΩ·cm is obtained into the electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic cell is started. When the thermal energy is stored in the thermal storage module, the thermal energy stored in the thermal storage module is transferred to the electrolyzer during startup to improve the cold startup rate.
氧气纯化步骤：氧气与未反应的去离子水由电解槽阴极出口流出，经过气水分离器后，分离得到的液态水与经纯水机过滤、除杂后的水混合， 分离得到的氧气进入氧纯化组件进行纯化，得到纯度为99.9－99.999％的氧气产品；Oxygen purification step: Oxygen and unreacted deionized water flow out from the cathode outlet of the electrolytic cell. After passing through the gas-water separator, the separated liquid water is mixed with the water filtered and impurity-removed by the pure water machine, and the separated oxygen enters The oxygen purification component is purified to obtain an oxygen product with a purity of 99.9-99.999%;
氢气纯化步骤：氢气与通过膜渗透过来的水由电解槽阳极出口流出，经过气水分离器后，分离得到的液态水与经纯水机过滤、除杂后的水混合，分离得到的氢气进入氢纯化模块进行纯化，得到纯度为99.9－99.999％氢气产品；Hydrogen purification step: Hydrogen and the water permeating through the membrane flow out from the anode outlet of the electrolytic cell. After passing through the gas-water separator, the separated liquid water is mixed with the water filtered and impurity-removed by the water purifier, and the separated hydrogen enters The hydrogen purification module is purified to obtain a hydrogen product with a purity of 99.9-99.999%;
再生步骤：将在换热模块加热后的吹扫再生气分别持续地换热至温度为60－450℃后，分别进入氧纯化组件、氢纯化组件和离子交换柱，各模块内吸附材料经过高温吹扫后再生，恢复活性，排出吹扫再生气；Regeneration step: After the purging regeneration gas heated by the heat exchange module is continuously heat-exchanged to a temperature of 60-450°C, it enters the oxygen purification component, the hydrogen purification component and the ion exchange column respectively. The adsorption materials in each module pass through high temperature. Regenerate after purging, restore activity, and discharge purge regeneration gas;
与此同时，并排设置的其它氧纯化组件、氢纯化组件和离子交换柱分别进行氧气、氢气和电解用水的纯化，实现氧纯化组件、氢纯化组件和离子交换柱的纯化和再生同时进行。At the same time, other oxygen purification components, hydrogen purification components and ion exchange columns arranged side by side carry out the purification of oxygen, hydrogen and electrolysis water respectively, so that the purification and regeneration of oxygen purification components, hydrogen purification components and ion exchange columns can be carried out at the same time.
电解水制氢的方法可以是碱性水电解制氢、固体氧化物水电解制氢和质子交换膜电解制氢中的任意一种，本实施例采用的是质子交换膜电解制氢。The method for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water may be any one of alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, solid oxide water electrolysis hydrogen production, and proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production. In this embodiment, proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production is adopted.
实施例2Example 2
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，包括功率调节模块、蓄热模块1和制氢模块2；As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, including a power conditioning module, a heat storage module 1 and a hydrogen production module 2;
所述功率调节模块可以为功率调节开关3，如图2所示，包括功率传感器32，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31，第一优先级开关33和第二优先级开关；其中，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31控制第一优先级开关33和第二优先级开关，并分别与功率传感器32、第一优先级开关33和第二优先级开关连接；功率传感器32与波动型电源连接。The power adjustment module may be a power adjustment switch 3, as shown in FIG. 2, including a power sensor 32, an editable logic controller module 31, a first priority switch 33 and a second priority switch; wherein the editable logic control The controller module 31 controls the first priority switch 33 and the second priority switch, and is respectively connected with the power sensor 32, the first priority switch 33 and the second priority switch; the power sensor 32 is connected with the wave power supply.
功率调节开关的工作原理：运行前，两个优先级开关均保持断开状态；在蓄热模块1及制氢模块2的两端分别施加同电压等级的电压，波动型功 率输入时，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31控制第一优先级开关33闭合；功率传感器32对输入功率进行实时检测并将信号返回至可编辑逻辑控制器模块31；当输入功率小于电解槽201所需最大功率时，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31控制第二优先级开关断开；当输入功率大于电解槽201所需最大功率时，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31控制第二优先级开关闭合，蓄热模块1启动；通过蓄热模块1及制氢模块2内置的电阻，从而实现功率的双向调节，即将超出电解槽201所需最大功率部分的功率分配至蓄热模块1。The working principle of the power adjustment switch: before operation, the two priority switches are kept in the off state; the voltage of the same voltage level is applied to the two ends of the heat storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2 respectively. The logic controller module 31 controls the first priority switch 33 to close; the power sensor 32 detects the input power in real time and returns the signal to the programmable logic controller module 31; when the input power is less than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201, the The editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch to be turned off; when the input power is greater than the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201, the editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch to be closed, and the heat storage module 1 is activated; The built-in resistors in the heat storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2 realize bidirectional regulation of power, that is, the power exceeding the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201 is distributed to the heat storage module 1 .
所述功率调节开关不仅限于上述的方式，只要满足上述功率分配的电器元件，均可替换。The power adjustment switch is not limited to the above-mentioned manner, and can be replaced as long as the electrical components that satisfy the above-mentioned power distribution are satisfied.
蓄热模块1包括依次连接的转化器12、蓄热器11和换热器13；转化器12与功率调节开关3连接，所述蓄热器11与电解槽201连接，所述换热器13分别与氧气纯化组件、氢气纯化组件和离子交换柱连接。The heat storage module 1 includes a converter 12, a heat accumulator 11 and a heat exchanger 13 which are connected in sequence; the converter 12 is connected to the power adjustment switch 3, the heat accumulator 11 is connected to the electrolytic cell 201, and the heat exchanger 13 Connect to the oxygen purification component, the hydrogen purification component and the ion exchange column respectively.
通过采用上述的功率调节开关3将波动型功率分配为蓄热功率和电解功率，并与蓄热模块1配合，在转化器12内将蓄热功率转化为热能并存储在蓄热器11内用以为电解水制氢提供启动能量，可显著提高电解水制氢的冷启动速度，不会造成模块的停止，有效避免了波动型功率输入造成模块的频繁启停，而且不会影响氢气、氧气浓度的变化，保证氢气的产量、质量和持续安全地生产。By using the above-mentioned power adjustment switch 3 to distribute the fluctuating power into thermal storage power and electrolysis power, and in cooperation with the thermal storage module 1, the thermal storage power is converted into thermal energy in the converter 12 and stored in the thermal accumulator 11 for use. It provides starting energy for hydrogen production from electrolyzed water, which can significantly improve the cold start speed of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water, without causing the module to stop, effectively avoiding the frequent starting and stopping of the module caused by fluctuating power input, and will not affect the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen. changes to ensure the yield, quality and continued safe production of hydrogen.
制氢模块2包括，The hydrogen production module 2 includes,
电解槽201，分别与所述功率调节开关3和蓄热器11连接；The electrolytic cell 201 is connected to the power adjustment switch 3 and the heat accumulator 11 respectively;
分离模块，包括氧气和水的气液分离器202、氢气和水的气液分离器203；并分别与所述电解槽201连接，用于将电解槽201电解得到的含氧产品和含氢产品分别分离得到氧气和氢气；The separation module includes a gas-liquid separator 202 for oxygen and water, a gas-liquid separator 203 for hydrogen and water; and is respectively connected to the electrolytic cell 201 for the oxygen-containing products and hydrogen-containing products obtained by electrolysis of the electrolytic cell 201 Separated to obtain oxygen and hydrogen;
纯化子模块，包括并联的氧纯化组件－1 208和氧纯化组件－2 209、并联的氢纯化组件－1 206和氢纯化组件－2 207；2个氧纯化组件均与氧气和 水的气液分离器202连接；2个氢纯化组件均与氢气和水的气液分离器203连接；用于将氢气和水的气液分离器203分离得到的氢气、氧气和水的气液分离器202分离得到的氧气分别进行纯化得到氧气产品和氢气产品；Purification sub-module, including parallel oxygen purification assembly-1 208 and oxygen purification assembly-2 209, parallel hydrogen purification assembly-1 206 and hydrogen purification assembly-2 207; 2 oxygen purification assemblies are both gas-liquid with oxygen and water The separator 202 is connected; the two hydrogen purification components are connected to the gas-liquid separator 203 of hydrogen and water; the gas-liquid separator 202 used to separate hydrogen, oxygen and water obtained by the gas-liquid separator 203 of hydrogen and water The obtained oxygen is purified to obtain an oxygen product and a hydrogen product;
水处理子模块，包括顺序连接的纯水机210、增压器211和并联的的离子交换柱－1204和离子交换柱－2 205；2个并联的离子交换柱分别与电解槽201连接，用于将电解用水经纯水机210过滤、除杂处理后得到的纯水用增压器211增压至工作压力后进入离子交换柱进行离子交换得到的去离子水，并输入电解槽201进行电解制氢。氢气和水的气液分离器203分离得到的纯水、以及氧气和水的气液分离器202分离得到的纯水与纯水机210处理后的纯水混合后用增压器211增压进入离子交换柱。The water treatment sub-module includes a pure water machine 210, a booster 211 connected in sequence, and an ion exchange column-1204 and an ion exchange column-2 205 connected in parallel; the two parallel ion exchange columns are respectively connected with the electrolytic cell 201, The pure water obtained after the water for electrolysis is filtered by the water purifier 210 and treated with impurity removal is pressurized to the working pressure by the booster 211 and then enters the ion exchange column for ion exchange. hydrogen production. The pure water separated by the gas-liquid separator 203 of hydrogen and water, and the pure water separated by the gas-liquid separator 202 of oxygen and water are mixed with the pure water treated by the pure water machine 210 and then pressurized by the supercharger 211 to enter. Ion exchange column.
通过设置2个并联的离子交换柱，可用于同时进行纯水去离子和离子交换柱的再生；通过设置2个并联的氧纯化组件、2个并联的氢纯化组件，可用于同时进行氧/氢的纯化和氧/氢纯化组件的再生，以提高整个装置的运行效率和周期。By setting 2 parallel ion exchange columns, it can be used for simultaneous pure water deionization and ion exchange column regeneration; by setting 2 parallel oxygen purification components and 2 parallel hydrogen purification components, it can be used for simultaneous oxygen/hydrogen purification purification and regeneration of oxygen/hydrogen purification components to improve overall plant operating efficiency and cycle time.
蓄热模块1，包括依次连接的转化器12、蓄热器11和换热器13；且蓄热器11与电解槽201连接，换热器13分别与2个并联的离子交换柱、2个并联的氧纯化组件、2个并联的氢纯化组件连接；通过功率调节开关3输入的电能通过转化器12转化为热能，然后储存在蓄热器11内，蓄热器11内的热量可传输至换热器13内并可持续地将吹扫再生气加热后用于水处理模块和纯化模块进行离子交换柱、氢纯化组件和氧纯化组件的再生；实现纯化和再生的同时进行。The heat storage module 1 includes a converter 12, a heat accumulator 11 and a heat exchanger 13 connected in sequence; and the heat accumulator 11 is connected with the electrolytic cell 201, and the heat exchanger 13 is respectively connected with two parallel ion exchange columns, two The parallel oxygen purification components and 2 parallel hydrogen purification components are connected; the electrical energy input through the power regulating switch 3 is converted into heat energy through the converter 12, and then stored in the heat accumulator 11, and the heat in the heat accumulator 11 can be transferred to The purging regeneration gas is heated in the heat exchanger 13 continuously and is used for the regeneration of the ion exchange column, the hydrogen purification assembly and the oxygen purification assembly in the water treatment module and the purification module; the purification and regeneration are carried out at the same time.
所述蓄热器11和换热器13的内部均充有蓄热材料，蓄热材料可以是水、导热油、显热蓄热材料、相变蓄热材料等；蓄热器11和换热器13的温度为80℃－500℃。蓄热器11内储存的热量可输入即将启动的电解槽201，以提高电解槽201的冷启动速率，同时在换热器13内进行持续性地 加热吹扫再生气，并将加热后的吹扫再生气分别输入氧纯化组件、氢纯化组件和离子交换柱进行再生。The interior of the heat accumulator 11 and the heat exchanger 13 are filled with heat storage materials, and the heat storage materials can be water, heat transfer oil, sensible heat heat storage materials, phase change heat storage materials, etc.; The temperature of the device 13 is 80°C-500°C. The heat stored in the heat accumulator 11 can be input to the electrolytic cell 201 to be started, so as to improve the cold start rate of the electrolytic cell 201, and at the same time, the regenerating gas is continuously heated and purged in the heat exchanger 13, and the heated purge gas is heated. The scavenging regeneration gas is respectively input to the oxygen purification module, hydrogen purification module and ion exchange column for regeneration.
所述氧纯化组件、氢纯化组件和离子交换柱不仅限于上述的2个并联，也可以多个并联，如3个并联、4个并联等。The oxygen purification components, the hydrogen purification components and the ion exchange columns are not limited to the above-mentioned two in parallel, but can also be connected in multiples, such as three in parallel, four in parallel, and the like.
所述吹扫再生气可以为氢气、氧气、氮气。The purging regeneration gas can be hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen.
上述的装置适用于任何一种电解水制氢的方法，例如碱性水电解制氢、固体氧化物水电解制氢、质子交换膜电解制氢。The above-mentioned device is suitable for any method of electrolysis of water for hydrogen production, such as alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production, solid oxide water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and proton exchange membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production.
上述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，通过功率调节开关3和蓄热模块1的相互配合，使得波动型功率的输入与电解水制氢模块2适应性好，电解效率高，冷启动速率快，而且实现了波动输入电能的高效利用。The above-mentioned device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, through the cooperation of the power adjustment switch 3 and the heat storage module 1, makes the input of the fluctuating power and the hydrogen production module 2 from electrolyzed water have good adaptability, high electrolysis efficiency, and cold storage. The start-up rate is fast, and the efficient use of fluctuating input power is realized.
具体工作过程：第一优先级开关33和第二优先级开关均保持断开状态，并在蓄热模块1及制氢模块2的两端分别施加同电压等级的电压，当新能源或低谷电输入波动型功率时，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31控制第一优先级开关33闭合；功率传感器32对输入功率进行实时检测并将信号返回至可编辑逻辑控制器模块31；当输入功率小于电解槽201所需最大功率时，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31控制第二优先级开关34断开；当输入功率大于电解槽201所需最大功率时，可编辑逻辑控制器模块31控制第二优先级开关34闭合，蓄热模块1启动；通过蓄热模块1及制氢模块2内置的电阻，从而实现功率的双向调节，即将超出电解槽201所需最大功率部分的功率分配至蓄热模块1。Specific working process: both the first priority switch 33 and the second priority switch are kept off, and voltages of the same voltage level are respectively applied to both ends of the heat storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2. When the fluctuating power is input, the programmable logic controller module 31 controls the first priority switch 33 to close; the power sensor 32 detects the input power in real time and returns the signal to the programmable logic controller module 31; when the input power is less than the electrolytic cell When the maximum power required by 201 is required, the editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch 34 to turn off; when the input power is greater than the maximum power required by the electrolysis cell 201, the editable logic controller module 31 controls the second priority switch 34 is closed, and the thermal storage module 1 is activated; through the built-in resistances of the thermal storage module 1 and the hydrogen production module 2, two-way power regulation is realized, that is, the power exceeding the maximum power required by the electrolytic cell 201 is distributed to the thermal storage module 1.
分配至蓄热模块1内的功率先在转化器12内由电能转化为热能，然后输入蓄热器11内进行储存，当电解槽201启动时，将部分热能输送至电解槽201，以提高电解槽201的冷启动速率；部分热能输送至换热器13，吹扫再生气在换热器13内分别进行加热，然后分别传输至离子交换柱－1 204、氧纯化组件－1208、氢纯化组件－1 206，用于离子交换柱－1204、氧 纯化组件－1 208和氢纯化组件－1 206的再生。The power distributed to the thermal storage module 1 is first converted from electrical energy into thermal energy in the converter 12, and then input into the thermal accumulator 11 for storage. The cold start rate of tank 201; part of the heat energy is transferred to the heat exchanger 13, and the purge regeneration gas is heated in the heat exchanger 13 respectively, and then transferred to the ion exchange column-1 204, oxygen purification assembly-1208, hydrogen purification assembly respectively -1 206 for regeneration of ion exchange column -1204, oxygen purification assembly -1 208 and hydrogen purification assembly -1 206.
电解用水经纯水机210进行过滤、除杂处理后，在增压器211内增压至工作压力，然后输入离子交换柱－2 205进行去离子，得到的去离子水输入电解槽201用于电解制氢；由电解槽201制得的氢气和未反应的水由电解槽201阳极出口流出进入氢气和水的气液分离器203进行分离，分离得到的氢气进入氢纯化组件－2 207进行纯化得到氢气产品；由电解槽201制得的氧气和未反应的水由电解槽201阴极出口流出进入氧气和水的气液分离器202进行分离，分离得到的氧气进入氧纯化组件－2 209进行纯化得到氧气产品；氧气和水的气液分离器202、氢气和水的气液分离器203分离得到的纯水与经纯水机210处理后得到的纯水混合再利用。After the water for electrolysis is filtered and treated by the pure water machine 210, it is pressurized to the working pressure in the supercharger 211, and then input into the ion exchange column-2 205 for deionization, and the obtained deionized water is input into the electrolytic cell 201 for Hydrogen production by electrolysis; the hydrogen and unreacted water produced by the electrolytic cell 201 flow out from the anode outlet of the electrolytic cell 201 and enter the gas-liquid separator 203 for hydrogen and water for separation, and the separated hydrogen enters the hydrogen purification component-2 207 for purification The hydrogen product is obtained; the oxygen and unreacted water produced by the electrolytic cell 201 flow out from the cathode outlet of the electrolytic cell 201 and enter the gas-liquid separator 202 of oxygen and water for separation, and the separated oxygen enters the oxygen purification assembly-2 209 for purification Oxygen product is obtained; the pure water separated by the gas-liquid separator 202 of oxygen and water, the gas-liquid separator 203 of hydrogen and water, and the pure water obtained after being processed by the pure water machine 210 are mixed and reused.
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, and are not intended to limit the implementation manner. For those of ordinary skill in the art, changes or modifications in other different forms can also be made on the basis of the above description. There is no need and cannot be exhaustive of all implementations here. However, the obvious changes or changes derived from this are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

  1. 一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，包括，A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, comprising,
    将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率；Distribute the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power;
    所述电解功率用以为电解水制氢提供电能；The electrolysis power is used to provide electrical energy for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen;
    所述蓄热功率转化为热能用以为电解水制氢提供启动能量，以提高电解水制氢的冷启动速度。The thermal storage power is converted into heat energy to provide start-up energy for hydrogen production from water electrolysis, so as to improve the cold start speed of hydrogen production from water electrolysis.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 1,
    当波动型输入功率不大于电解功率时，利用功率调节开关将波动型输入功率直接分配为电解功率；When the fluctuating input power is not greater than the electrolysis power, use the power adjustment switch to directly distribute the fluctuating input power as the electrolysis power;
    当波动型输入功率大于电解功率时，利用功率调节开关将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率。When the wave-type input power is greater than the electrolysis power, the power-adjusting switch is used to distribute the wave-type input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 1 or 2,
    所述电解水制氢步骤包括，The step of producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water includes,
    水电解后形成含氢产品和含氧产品，分离所述含氢产品得到氢气并纯化后得到氢气产品，分离所述含氧产品得到氧气并纯化后得到氧气产品。After water electrolysis, a hydrogen-containing product and an oxygen-containing product are formed, and the hydrogen-containing product is separated to obtain hydrogen and purified to obtain a hydrogen product, and the oxygen-containing product is separated to obtain oxygen and purified to obtain an oxygen product.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 3,
    电解用水经离子交换后得到去离子水用以电解制氢。Deionized water is obtained by ion exchange of water for electrolysis, which is used to produce hydrogen by electrolysis.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 4,
    利用所述蓄热功率转化的热能持续加热再生气至60-450℃，加热后的再生气用于所述纯化步骤和/或所述离子交换步骤的再生，所述纯化步骤包括氢气的纯化和/或氧气的纯化。The regeneration gas is continuously heated to 60-450° C. by using the thermal energy converted from the thermal storage power, and the heated regeneration gas is used for the regeneration of the purification step and/or the ion exchange step, and the purification step includes the purification of hydrogen and / or purification of oxygen.
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，分离所述含氢产品得到的水和分离所述含氧产品得到的水与所述电解用水混合并增压后，再经离子交换得到所述去离子水。The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 4, wherein the water obtained by separating the hydrogen-containing product and the water obtained by separating the oxygen-containing product are mixed with the water for electrolysis and pressurized, and then subjected to Ion exchange yields the deionized water.
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢方法，所述电解水制氢方法为碱性水电解制氢、固体氧化物水电解制氢或质子交换膜电解制氢。The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis is alkaline water electrolysis, solid oxide water electrolysis or proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production.
  8. 一种波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，包括：A device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input, comprising:
    功率调节模块，用以将波动型输入功率分配为电解功率和蓄热功率；A power conditioning module for distributing the fluctuating input power into electrolysis power and thermal storage power;
    制氢模块，与所述功率调节模块连接，以利用分配的电解功率进行电解水制氢和氧；A hydrogen production module, connected with the power adjustment module, to use the distributed electrolysis power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen;
    蓄热模块，与所述功率调节模块连接，以将分配的蓄热功率转化为热能，所述热能输入所述制氢模块，以提高电解水制氢的冷启动速率。A thermal storage module, connected with the power adjustment module, to convert the distributed thermal storage power into thermal energy, and the thermal energy is input to the hydrogen production module to improve the cold start rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with the input of fluctuating power according to claim 8,
    所述功率调节模块包括：可编辑逻辑控制器模块，第一优先级开关，第二优先级开关和功率传感器；The power regulation module includes: an editable logic controller module, a first priority switch, a second priority switch and a power sensor;
    可编辑逻辑控制器模块分别与功率传感器、第一优先级开关和第二优先级开关连接；用于控制第一优先级开关和第二优先级开关的断开和闭合来分配波动型输入功率；The programmable logic controller module is respectively connected with the power sensor, the first priority switch and the second priority switch; it is used to control the opening and closing of the first priority switch and the second priority switch to distribute the fluctuating input power;
    功率传感器与波动型电源连接，用于对输入的功率进行实时检测。The power sensor is connected to the fluctuating power supply for real-time detection of the input power.
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，所述制氢模块包括，The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 8 or 9, the hydrogen producing module comprises:
    电解槽，分别与所述功率调节模块和蓄热模块连接；an electrolytic cell, which is respectively connected to the power conditioning module and the heat storage module;
    分离子模块，包括氧气分离组件和氢气分离组件，分别与所述电解槽连接；The separation sub-module includes an oxygen separation component and a hydrogen separation component, which are respectively connected to the electrolyzer;
    纯化子模块，包括氧气纯化组件和氢气纯化组件，所述氧气纯化组件与所述氧气分离组件连接，所述氢气纯化组件与所述氢气分离组件连接。The purification sub-module includes an oxygen purification component and a hydrogen purification component, the oxygen purification component is connected with the oxygen separation component, and the hydrogen purification component is connected with the hydrogen separation component.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，所 述制氢模块还包括水处理子模块，所述水处理子模块包括顺次连接的纯水机、增压器和离子交换柱，所述离子交换柱与所述电解槽连接。The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 10, wherein the hydrogen production module further comprises a water treatment sub-module, and the water treatment sub-module comprises a pure water machine, a booster and An ion exchange column, the ion exchange column is connected with the electrolytic cell.
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，所述氧气分离组件和氢气分离组件还与增压机连接。According to the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 10, the oxygen separation component and the hydrogen separation component are further connected to a booster.
  13. 根据权利要求8－12任一项所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，还包括再生子模块，所述再生子模块通过蓄热模块分别与氧纯化组件、氢纯化组件、离子交换柱连接。The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to any one of claims 8-12, further comprising a regeneration sub-module, the regeneration sub-module is respectively connected with the oxygen purification assembly, the hydrogen purification assembly, the ion purification assembly through the heat storage module Exchange column connection.
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，所述离子交换柱、氧气纯化组件和氢气纯化组件均并排设置至少两个。According to the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 10, at least two of the ion exchange column, the oxygen purification assembly and the hydrogen purification assembly are arranged side by side.
  15. 根据权利要求10所述波动型功率输入的电解水制氢的装置，所述蓄热模块，包括依次连接的转化器、蓄热器和换热器；The device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with fluctuating power input according to claim 10, wherein the heat storage module comprises a converter, a heat accumulator and a heat exchanger connected in sequence;
    所述转化子模块与功率调节模块连接，所述蓄热器与电解槽连接，所述换热子模块分别与氧气纯化组件、氢气纯化组件和离子交换柱连接。The conversion sub-module is connected with the power adjustment module, the heat accumulator is connected with the electrolytic cell, and the heat exchange sub-module is respectively connected with the oxygen purification assembly, the hydrogen purification assembly and the ion exchange column.
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