WO2022012546A1 - 双频天线及天线阵列 - Google Patents

双频天线及天线阵列 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012546A1
WO2022012546A1 PCT/CN2021/106067 CN2021106067W WO2022012546A1 WO 2022012546 A1 WO2022012546 A1 WO 2022012546A1 CN 2021106067 W CN2021106067 W CN 2021106067W WO 2022012546 A1 WO2022012546 A1 WO 2022012546A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
vibrator
unit
frequency band
dual
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/106067
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜子静
万振兴
谢国庆
肖伟宏
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21843336.5A priority Critical patent/EP4184716A4/en
Publication of WO2022012546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012546A1/zh
Priority to US18/153,827 priority patent/US20230170630A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to a dual-frequency antenna and an antenna array.
  • the dual-frequency antenna includes a high-frequency radiation unit and a low-frequency radiation unit.
  • the placement position and feeding method of the high-frequency radiation unit will affect the low-frequency radiation unit.
  • each high-frequency radiation unit includes, for example, a balun feeding device and a vibrator arm structure.
  • the distance from the ground end of the balun feeding device to the connecting end of the balun structure and the vibrator arm structure, plus the arm length of one vibrator arm of the vibrator arm structure is a preset length, which is determined by the high frequency It is determined by the operating frequency band of the unit.
  • the preset length is a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the low-frequency radiation unit, so that the balun structure of the high-frequency radiation unit and one oscillator arm of the oscillator arm structure can be equivalent to a working frequency close to
  • the monopole antenna of the frequency of the low frequency unit, the monopole antenna is also an antenna with a vertical dipole arm.
  • the above-mentioned equivalent monopole antenna will generate a low-frequency induced current under the influence of the electromagnetic wave of the low-frequency unit.
  • the low-frequency induced current causes the high-frequency radiation unit to radiate low-frequency electromagnetic waves outward, and the electromagnetic wave
  • the frequency is approximately equal to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the low-frequency unit, causing interference to the signal radiated and transmitted by the low-frequency radiation unit.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a dual-frequency antenna and an antenna array, which solve the problem that a high-frequency radiation unit in a dual-frequency antenna interferes with a low-frequency radiation unit.
  • a dual-frequency antenna comprising: a first radiation unit and a second radiation unit arranged on a reflector, and the working frequency of the first radiation unit is The first frequency band, the working frequency band of the second radiation unit is the second frequency band, and the minimum frequency of the first frequency band is greater than the maximum frequency of the second frequency band; in this application, the first radiation unit works in the high frequency band, and the second radiation unit Working in a low frequency band, the first radiating unit includes: a first feeding device and a first vibrator unit, which can change the sum of the electric lengths of the vibrator arm of the first vibrating unit and the first feeding device, so that the first radiating unit has a When the working frequency is outside the second frequency band, the first radiation unit is prevented from radiating electromagnetic waves of the second frequency band, thereby avoiding the mutual influence of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator.
  • the first feeding device includes a coupling structure coupled with the first vibrator unit, and the first feeding device is used for coupling and feeding the first vibrator unit through the coupling structure.
  • the first radiating unit adopts a coupled feeding method, when adjusting the sum of the electrical length of the vibrator arm of the first vibrator unit and the electrical length of the first feeding device, only the size of the coupling structure can be changed without changing the first The size of the vibrator arm of a vibrator unit, so as to avoid affecting the normal operation of the first vibrator unit.
  • the transmission path of the signal may be that the signal is first transmitted to the coupling structure, and then transmitted to the first oscillator unit, and the signal is transmitted to the coupling structure.
  • the first coupling structure can transmit the signal of the first frequency band and block the signal of the second frequency band, so that the frequency of the electromagnetic wave generated by the above-mentioned equivalent monopole antenna avoids the frequency of the second radiation unit.
  • the working frequency band, and furthermore, the interference caused by the first radiating unit to the signal transmitted by the second radiating unit is weak, and even does not cause interference to the signal transmitted by the second radiating unit, so that the second radiating unit can work normally.
  • the first vibrator unit includes: four vibrator arms, the four vibrator arms are symmetrical about the central axis of the vibrator unit, and the length l of each of the vibrator arms satisfies: Wherein, ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the first frequency band, and A 1 is a preset error threshold. Therefore, the structure of the first vibrator unit is more flexible, and the four vibrator arms are centrally arranged symmetrically, which can save the space of the dual-frequency antenna.
  • the first vibrator unit includes: two vibrator arms that cross each other, each of the vibrator arms is symmetrical about the central axis of the vibrator unit, and the length l of each of the vibrator arms satisfies: Wherein, ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the first frequency band, and A 2 is a preset error threshold. Therefore, the structure of the first vibrator unit is more flexible, and the space of the dual-frequency antenna can be saved by arranging the two vibrator arms in a crisscross pattern.
  • the coupling structure includes: a plurality of transverse arms, the transverse arms are symmetrical about the central axis of the vibrator unit, each of the transverse arms is respectively coupled with one of the vibrator arms, and the coupled
  • the distance between the cross arm and the vibrator arm is smaller than a preset value. Therefore, the transverse arm and the vibrator arm of the coupling structure are opposite one by one, and the feed can be coupled to the vibrator arm through the transverse arm, and the distance between the transverse arm and the vibrator arm is smaller than a preset value, which can improve the coupling effect.
  • the coupling structure further includes: a plurality of vertical arms, the vertical arms are arranged close to the central axis of the vibrator unit, the vertical arms are used for connecting the transverse arm and the reflection plate, the transverse arms are The arm and the vertical arm form an inverted L-shaped conductive plate structure. Therefore, the vertical arm is arranged close to the central axis of the vibrator unit, which can facilitate the centralized feeding of the feeding port and save the space of the dual-frequency antenna.
  • a plurality of vertical arms are provided with gaps
  • the first power feeding device further includes: crossed feeding pieces, the feeding pieces are arranged in the gaps between the vertical arms , and the feeding sheet is electrically connected with the feeding port on the reflecting plate. Therefore, the first power feeding device realizes power feeding to the coupling structure through the power feeding sheet, the connection is more stable, and the stability of the electrical connection is improved.
  • the first power feeding device further includes: a power feeding line disposed on the vertical arm, and the power feeding line is electrically connected to the power feeding port on the reflecting plate. Therefore, the first feeding device realizes feeding of the coupling device through the feeding line, and the size is small, which saves the space of the dual-frequency antenna.
  • the frequency of the first frequency band is twice the frequency of the second frequency band
  • the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure is less than a quarter of the wavelength of the second frequency band. Therefore, the structure of the coupling structure to achieve its filtering effect is mainly related to the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure. The greater the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure, the lower the signal frequency that the coupling structure can transmit.
  • the working frequency band of the unit and the working frequency band of the second radiating unit, the coupling length of the coupling structure is set, and the coupling length of the coupling structure can be set within a preset value range, for example, can be set to be less than a quarter of the wavelength of the second frequency band,
  • the coupling structure is made to shield the electromagnetic wave of the second frequency band.
  • the vibrator arm is a conductor arm or a slot provided on a conductor plate. Therefore, the structure of the vibrator arm is more flexible, and there are more choices.
  • the dual-frequency antenna further includes: a guiding device disposed on the side of the first vibrator unit away from the reflector, and the guiding device includes: a plurality of metal sheets, the metal sheets are respectively The vibrator arms are parallel. Therefore, by providing the guiding device, the directivity of the first radiation unit can be improved.
  • the second radiation unit includes: a second feeding device and a second oscillator unit, and the second feeding device and the second oscillator unit are electrically connected. Therefore, the second radiating unit can radiate low-frequency electromagnetic waves outward by means of direct feeding.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides an antenna array, characterized in that the antenna array includes at least two dual-frequency antennas as described above, and a reflector; wherein each of the dual-frequency antennas is electrically connected to the reflector . Therefore, by using the antenna array of the above-mentioned dual-frequency antenna, the interference of the high-frequency antenna to the low-frequency antenna can be avoided, the structure is simple, and a higher integration degree can be realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3a is a structural schematic diagram of the feeding device in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 3b is a top view of the feeding device in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic structural diagram of another first radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another first radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4a is the structural schematic diagram of the feeding device in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 4b is a top view of the feeding device in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic structural diagram of another first radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first vibrator unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another first vibrator unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another first vibrator unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another first vibrator unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • orientation terms such as “upper” and “lower” are defined relative to the orientation in which the components in the drawings are schematically placed. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are used for relative In the description and clarification of the drawings, it may change correspondingly according to the change of the orientation in which the components are placed in the drawings.
  • the electrical length refers to the ratio of the mechanical length (also called physical length or geometric length) of a propagating medium and structure to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating on the medium and structure.
  • antenna Aperture In antenna theory, the aperture (or effective area) is a parameter that expresses the efficiency of an antenna to receive radio wave power. Aperture is defined as the area that is perpendicular to the direction of the incident radio wave and effectively intercepts the energy of the incident radio wave.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna array includes: at least two dual-frequency antennas 01 and a reflector 10 , wherein each dual-frequency antenna 01 is electrically connected to the reflector 10 .
  • the dual-frequency antenna 01 includes: a first radiation unit 20 and a second radiation unit 30, the working frequency band of the first radiation unit 20 is the first frequency band, and the second radiation unit 30 has a working frequency band.
  • the working frequency band is a second frequency band, and the minimum frequency of the first frequency band is greater than the maximum frequency of the second frequency band.
  • the minimum frequency in the first frequency band is greater than the maximum frequency in the second frequency band, that is, the working frequency band of the first radiation unit 20 is a high frequency band, and the working frequency band of the second radiation unit 30 is a low frequency band frequency band.
  • the frequency of the first frequency band is approximately twice the frequency of the second frequency band. In other implementation manners, the frequency of the first frequency band may also be similar to other multiples of the frequency of the second frequency band, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the dual-band antenna 01 is, for example, a 2.4GHz and 5GHz dual-band antenna.
  • the first radiator operates in the 5GHz frequency band
  • the second radiator operates in the 2.4GHz frequency band, for example.
  • one first radiation unit 20 may be used as an example.
  • the first radiation unit 20 is a dipole radiation unit, including: a first oscillator unit 201 and a first feeding device 202 .
  • the first vibrator unit 201 of the first radiation unit 20 is directly electrically connected to the first feeding device 202 , wherein, in some scenarios, a vibrator arm of the first vibrating unit 201 and the first feeding device
  • the length of 202 is close to a quarter of the wavelength of the working frequency band of the second radiation unit 30.
  • the electrical device 202 can just be equivalent to a monopole 02 whose working frequency is close to the frequency of the low-frequency unit, so that the first feeding device of the first radiating unit and the monopole 02 can just be equivalent to a working frequency close to the frequency of the low-frequency unit.
  • the monopole antenna of the working frequency of the second radiating element so that the first radiating element 20 operates in the frequency band of the second radiating element 30, and the field excited by this equivalent monopole antenna is superimposed on the first radiating element 20.
  • the radiation pattern of the second radiation unit 30 is deformed.
  • the sum of the electrical lengths of the vibrator arm of the first vibrator unit and the first feeding device may be changed, so that the working frequency of the first radiation unit is outside the second frequency band, so as to prevent the first radiation unit from radiating the first radiation unit. Electromagnetic waves of two frequency bands, thereby avoiding the mutual influence of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator. However, since the first vibrator unit 201 is directly electrically connected to the first feeding device 202 , changing the sum of the electrical lengths of the vibrator arm of the first vibrating unit and the first feeding device will affect the geomagnetic wave in the first frequency band.
  • the first radiation unit 20 is improved in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first feeding device 202 includes a coupling structure 2021 coupled with the first vibrator unit 201 , and the first feeding device 202 is connected to the The first vibrator unit 201 performs coupling and feeding, wherein the coupling structure 2021 is used to transmit the signal of the first frequency band and block the signal of the second frequency band.
  • the coupling feeding refers to the conduction of electric energy by coupling between two circuit elements or circuit networks that are not in contact and have a certain small distance in the field of communication and the like. This allows one of the elements to obtain energy without being in direct contact with the electrical energy transfer system.
  • the first vibrator unit 201 is not in direct contact with the first power feeding device 202 , and the first power feeding device 202 feeds the first vibrator unit 201 through capacitive coupling.
  • the first radiating unit adopts a coupled feeding method
  • the size of the coupling structure can be changed without changing the first The size of the vibrator arm of a vibrator unit, so as to avoid affecting the normal operation of the first vibrator unit.
  • the transmission path of the signal may be that the signal is transmitted to the coupling structure 2021 through the feeder, and when the signal is transmitted to the coupling structure 2021, since the coupling structure 2021 can transmit the first frequency band and block the signal in the second frequency band, so the signal whose signal frequency is in the first frequency band can continue to be transmitted to the first vibrator unit 201 coupled with the coupling structure 2021, and then radiate outward in the form of electromagnetic waves and emit The frequencies of the electromagnetic waves are higher than the preset threshold.
  • the existence of the coupling structure 2021 makes the equivalent monopole antenna
  • the frequency of the electromagnetic wave generated by the sub-antenna is higher than the maximum frequency of the second frequency band, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave generated by the above-mentioned equivalent monopole antenna avoids the working frequency band of the second radiation unit 30, and further, the equivalent monopole antenna
  • the degree of interference caused by the antenna to the signal radiated and transmitted by the low-frequency unit is relatively weak, and even does not interfere with the signal radiated and transmitted by the low-frequency unit, so that the second radiation unit 30 can work normally.
  • the structure of the coupling structure 2021 to achieve its filtering effect is mainly related to the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 , wherein the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 is about 1-1.5 times the actual electrical length.
  • the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 is the electrical length equivalent to the transmission frequency according to the phase change when the electromagnetic wave of each frequency is transmitted.
  • the size is such that the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 can be set within a preset value range, for example, can be set to be less than a quarter of the wavelength of the second frequency band.
  • the difference between the sum of the electrical lengths of the vibrator arm of the first vibrator unit 201 and the first feeding device and the quarter of the wavelength of the second frequency band is large, so that the first radiating unit The working frequency of 20 is outside the second frequency band, so that the first radiation unit 20 is prevented from radiating electromagnetic waves of the second frequency band, and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator can be prevented from interacting with each other.
  • the first radiating unit 20 adopts a coupled feeding method, when adjusting the coupling length of the coupling structure 2021, only the size of the first feeding device 202 can be changed without changing the size of the first vibrator unit 201, and the operation is more convenient, And it will not affect the electromagnetic wave of the first frequency band radiated by the first vibrator unit 201 .
  • the dual-frequency antenna 01 further includes: a reflector 10 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the reflection plate 10 .
  • the reflector 10 is a metal plate.
  • the reflective plate 10 includes: a conductor plate, and a conductive layer disposed on the conductor plate.
  • the conductor plate includes, for example, opposing first and second surfaces.
  • the conductive layer may be provided on the first surface of the conductor plate and/or on the second surface of the conductor plate.
  • the reflector 10 includes, for example, a first surface for supporting the first radiation unit 20, and a conductive layer is further provided on the first surface, for example.
  • the second radiation unit 30 is electrically connected to a conductive layer on the first surface, and the conductive layer can mirror the first radiation unit 20 and the second radiation unit 30 .
  • the equivalent electrical length of the first radiating unit 20 is equal to the actual electrical length of the electrical lengths of the first vibrator unit 201 and the first feeding device 202 and the difference between the first vibrating unit 201 and the first feeding device 202 .
  • the electrical length is the sum of the electrical lengths of the mirror images of the conductive layer, that is, the equivalent electrical length of the first radiation unit 20 is twice the actual electrical length of the electrical lengths of the first vibrator unit 201 and the first feeding device 202, that is, the first As long as the sum of the electrical lengths of the vibrator unit 201 and the first power feeding device 202 is equal to one-half of the wavelength of the first frequency band, electromagnetic waves with a frequency in the first frequency band can be transmitted or received.
  • the second radiation unit 30 can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves whose frequency is located in the second frequency band.
  • the wavelength of the first frequency band and the wavelength of the second frequency band are wavelengths in free space.
  • the dual-frequency antenna 01 shown in the embodiment of the present application uses a conductive layer to mirror the first radiation element 20 and the second radiation element 30, so that the equivalent electrical length of the first radiation element 20 and the second radiation element 30 is equal to the first radiation element 20 Twice the electrical length of the second radiating element 30, which is equivalent to reducing the mechanical length of the first radiating element 20 and the second radiating element 30 by half, reducing the size of the dual-frequency antenna 01, not only saving the dual-frequency antenna 01 It also improves the compactness of the structure of the dual-frequency antenna 01, which is beneficial to the miniaturized design of the dual-frequency antenna 01.
  • the first vibrator unit 201 is, for example, coupled with the first feeding device 202 , and the first vibrator unit 201 is parallel to the reflector 10 .
  • the first radiating unit 20 may be a dipole antenna, that is, the first dipole unit 201 is composed of a pair of symmetrically placed dipole arms.
  • the first vibrator unit 201 is, for example, a metal conductor. It should be noted that the above-mentioned FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are described by taking an example of a symmetrical vibrator in which the first vibrator arm and the second vibrator arm of the first vibrator unit 201 are crisscrossed. , column shape and other shapes and structures, which are not limited in this application.
  • the first vibrator unit 201 includes a metal plate 2012 and a slot 2011 disposed on the metal plate 2012 , and the slot 2011 can serve as a vibrator arm.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are only examples to illustrate a possible structure in which the first vibrator arm and the second vibrator arm are provided with a slit 2011.
  • the slit 2011 can be any shape, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively.
  • the vibrator arm can be a circular slot, two cross-shaped bar-shaped slots, and four centrally symmetric bar-shaped slots or four centrally symmetric metal slots. Application is not limited.
  • the two or four vibrator arms there are two or four vibrator arms, and the two or four vibrator arms are symmetrically arranged, and the symmetry axis is the central axis between the two vibrator arms, and the central axis is also the first radiation unit 20
  • the central axis of , the symmetry axis in the structure mentioned below, unless otherwise specified, is the central axis of the first vibrator unit 201 .
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the first frequency band
  • a 1 is a preset error threshold
  • each vibrator arm is symmetrical about the central axis of the vibrator unit, and the length l of each vibrator arm satisfies:
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the first frequency band
  • a 2 is a preset error threshold.
  • the aperture of the first vibrator unit 201 is about half of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band. It should be noted that, in some embodiments of the present application, the metal plate 2012 of the first vibrator unit 201 adopts a square structure, and the diameter of the first vibrator unit 201 may be the side length of the metal plate 2012 .
  • first power feeding device 202 may be a power feeding device of any structure and form, such as: a coaxial power feeding device, a balun feeding device device, waveguide feeding device.
  • the first radiating element 20 may be a dipole antenna, that is, the first radiating element 20 is composed of a pair of symmetrically placed dipole arms, and two ends of the two dipole arms close to each other are respectively connected to connected to the feeder.
  • the first feeding device 202 is, for example, a balun feeding device
  • the coupling structure 2021 is, for example, a balun.
  • the dipole antenna is a balanced antenna
  • the coaxial cable is an unbalanced transmission line. If it is directly connected, a high-frequency current will flow through the outer skin of the coaxial cable (according to the transmission principle of the coaxial cable, the high-frequency current It should flow inside the coaxial cable, the outer skin is a shielding layer, and there is no current), so that it will affect the radiation of the dipole antenna (it can be imagined that the shielding layer of the coaxial cable also participates in the radiation of electromagnetic waves).
  • the current flowing outside the shielding layer of the coaxial cable can be choke off, which means that the dipole arm can flow through the height of the shielding layer of the coaxial cable. Frequency current cut-off to achieve unbalanced-to-balanced conversion of the antenna feed.
  • the first power feeding device 202 can be arranged perpendicular to the reflector 10. For example, the bottom of the first power feeding device 202 is provided with a power feeding port. The electromagnetic signal sent by the radio frequency module is received through the feeding port or the received external electromagnetic signal is sent to the radio frequency module.
  • the first feeding device 202 includes: a coupling structure 2021 and a feeding sheet 2022 .
  • the coupling structure 2021 includes: a plurality of transverse arms 20211 and a plurality of vertical arms 20212, the transverse arms 20211 are arranged close to the vibrator arm and are coupled with the vibrator arm, and the transverse arm 20211 and the vibrator arm are between The spacing is, for example, smaller than the preset value. In this way, power can be coupled and fed to the vibrator arm through the transverse arm, and the distance between the transverse arm and the vibrator arm is smaller than a preset value, which can improve the coupling effect.
  • the vertical arm 20212 is disposed close to the central axis of the vibrator unit.
  • the vertical arm 20212 is used to connect the horizontal arm 20211 and the reflector 10.
  • the vertical arm 20212 and the horizontal arm 20211 form an inverted L-shaped conductive plate.
  • a gap 2011 is provided between adjacent "V"-shaped structures, and the first power feeding device 202 further includes: a criss-crossing feeding sheet 2022, the feeding sheet 2022 is arranged between the vertical arms 20212 in the gap 2011.
  • the present application does not limit the specific dimensions of the transverse arm 20211 and the vertical arm 20212.
  • the frequency of the first frequency band is approximately twice the frequency of the second frequency band.
  • the electrical length of the transverse arm 20211 may be, for example, greater than the The electrical length of the vertical arm 20212 is greater than one-eighth of the wavelength of the first frequency band and smaller than the wavelength of the first frequency band A quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency band, that is, the electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 is greater than a quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency band, and less than half of the wavelength of the first frequency band.
  • the electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 is approximately the sum of the electrical lengths of the horizontal arm 20211 and the vertical arm 20212 .
  • the electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 is greater than a quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency band and less than half of the wavelength of the first frequency band, it is approximately equivalent to the electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 being greater than eighth of the wavelength of the second frequency band
  • the frequency of the electromagnetic wave generated by the monopole antenna equivalent to the above coupling structure avoids the working frequency band of the second radiation unit 30, and then the equivalent monopole antenna
  • the degree of interference to the signal radiated and transmitted by the low-frequency unit is relatively weak, and even no interference is caused to the signal radiated and transmitted by the low-frequency unit, so that the second radiation unit 30 can work normally.
  • the electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 can also be made to be less than or equal to one-eighth of the wavelength of the second frequency band.
  • the frequency of the electromagnetic wave generated by the equivalent monopole antenna of the coupling structure avoids the working frequency band of the second radiating unit 30, and further, the interference degree of the equivalent monopole antenna to the signal radiated and transmitted by the low frequency unit is weak. , it will not even cause interference to the signal radiated and transmitted by the low-frequency unit, so that the second radiation unit 30 can work normally.
  • FIG. 3a is only an example, and the shape of the coupling structure 2021 is not limited in this application, that is, the coupling structure 2021 can be a conductive plate of any shape such as an inverted L shape, a rectangle, a square, a triangle, etc. One side of the conductive plate is respectively opposite to one of the vibrator arms.
  • the first power feeding device 202 includes a plurality of conductive plates (for example, the structure shown in FIG. 3 a ), the present application does not limit the intersection angle of the plurality of conductive plates, which may be a 90° cross or other Angled "V" cross.
  • FIG. 4 , FIG. 4 a , and FIG. 4 b it is a structural diagram of a first power feeding device 202 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first feeding device 202 includes: a coupling structure 2021 and a microstrip line 2023 .
  • the coupling structure 2021 includes: a cross arm 20211 and a vertical arm 20212, the cross arm 20211 is symmetrical about the central axis of the vibrator unit, each of the cross arms is respectively coupled with one of the vibrator arms, and the cross arm 20211 is connected to the vibrator
  • the spacing between the arms is, for example, smaller than a preset value. In this way, power can be coupled and fed to the vibrator arm through the transverse arm, and the distance between the transverse arm and the vibrator arm is smaller than a preset value, which can improve the coupling effect.
  • the vertical arm 20212 is disposed close to the central axis of the vibrator unit.
  • the vertical arm 20212 is used to connect the horizontal arm 20211 and the reflector 10.
  • the vertical arm 20212 and the horizontal arm 20211 form an inverted L-shaped conductive plate.
  • transverse arm 20211 and the vertical arm 20212 may refer to the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the number of the coupling structures 2021 is four, the four coupling structures 2021 are in one-to-one correspondence with the above-mentioned vibrator arms, and the symmetry axis thereof is the above-mentioned central axis.
  • the vertical arms 20212 of two adjacent coupling structures 2021 are connected to each other, and the transverse arms 20211 form a "V"-shaped structure.
  • the vertical arm 20212 is also provided with, for example, a microstrip line 2023 , and the feed line is electrically connected to the feed port on the reflector 10 .
  • the shape of the microstrip line 2023 may be an "L" shape.
  • the shape of the microstrip line 2023 can also be any other linear shape, curved shape, and broken line shape, such as: “one” shape, "I” shape, “U” shape, “V shape”, “W” shape, "S” shape shape.
  • the first feeding device 202 shown in FIG. 3 a and FIG. 4 a can realize feeding the antenna radiating element and realize the balanced conversion of the antenna feeding.
  • 3a and 4a are examples based on the first vibrator unit 201 of the structure shown in FIG. 5 , in fact, for the first vibrator unit 201 of FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 or any other structure, you can choose A balun device with a similar shape to the vibrator arm.
  • the balun may have a bowl-like configuration.
  • the balun device may employ a differentially fed monopole configuration.
  • the equivalent electrical length of the coupling structure 2021 is, for example, less than a quarter of the wavelength of the second frequency band.
  • the first radiation unit 20 further includes: a first guiding device 203 .
  • the plates are respectively parallel to the vibrator arms.
  • the first guiding device 203 can generate an induced current under the action of the first vibrating unit 201, thereby guiding the electromagnetic wave of the first vibrating unit 201 to radiate in the direction of the first guiding device 203, thereby improving the gain of the first radiation unit 20.
  • the directivity of the first radiation unit can be improved.
  • the first radiation unit 20 further includes: a second guiding device 204, and the second guiding device 204 includes, for example, a metal sheet disposed close to the center of the first vibrator unit 201, The electromagnetic waves of the first vibrator unit 201 can be further guided to radiate toward the direction of the second guiding device 204 , which improves the directivity of the first radiation unit 20 .
  • the second radiating unit 30 may include: a second feeding device and a second oscillator unit, and the second feeding device and the second oscillator unit are electrically connected.
  • the second radiating unit may radiate low-frequency electromagnetic waves outward by means of direct feeding.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种双频天线及天线阵列，该双频天线包括：设置在反射板上的第一辐射单元和第二辐射单元，该第一辐射单元的工作频段为第一频段，该第二辐射单元的工作频段为第二频段，该第一频段的最小频率大于该第二频段的最大频率；该第一辐射单元包括：第一馈电装置、第一振子单元，该第一馈电装置包括与该第一振子单元相耦合的耦合结构，该第一馈电装置用于通过该耦合结构为该第一振子单元耦合馈电。本申请实施例提供的双频天线，可以改变耦合结构的尺寸，使得第一辐射单元的工作频率在所述第二频段外，避免第一辐射单元辐射第二频段的电磁波，进而避免第一辐射器和第二辐射器辐射的电磁波相互影响。

Description

双频天线及天线阵列
本申请要求于2020年7月15日提交到国家知识产权局、申请号为202010682426.5，发明名称为“双频天线及天线阵列”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种双频天线及天线阵列。
背景技术
随着多频多阵列天线技术在基站天线领域内的普及,双频天线的应用越来越广泛。
双频天线例如包括高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元，高频辐射单元的放置位置和馈电方式会对低频辐射单元产生影响。
其中，每个高频辐射单元包括例如包括巴伦馈电装置和振子臂结构。自巴伦馈电装置的接地端到巴伦结构与振子臂结构的连接端之间的距离，加上振子臂结构的一个振子臂的臂长为预设长度，这一预设长度由高频单元的工作频段所决定。
在一些场景中，该预设长度为低频辐射单元工作频率对应波长的四分之一，使得高频辐射单元的巴伦结构和振子臂结构的一个振子臂恰好可以等效成一个工作频率接近于低频单元的频率的单极子天线，单极子天线也即是一种具有竖直的振子臂的天线。
当低频辐射单元工作时，上述等效的单极子天线会在低频单元的电磁波的影响下产生低频的感应电流，该低频的感应电流使高频辐射单元向外辐射低频的电磁波，而该电磁波的频率近似等于低频单元辐射的电磁波的频率，对低频辐射单元辐射传输的信号造成干扰。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种双频天线及天线阵列，解决了双频天线中高频辐射单元对低频辐射单元产生干扰的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：第一方面，提供一种双频天线，包括：设置在反射板上的第一辐射单元和第二辐射单元，该第一辐射单元的工作频段为第一频段，该第二辐射单元的工作频段为第二频段，该第一频段的最小频率大于该第二频段的最大频率；本申请中，第一辐射单元工作在高频段，第二辐射单元工作在低频段，该第一辐射单元包括：第一馈电装置、第一振子单元，可以改变第一振子单元的振子臂和第一馈电装置的电长度之和，使第一辐射单元的工作频率在所述第二频段外，避免第一辐射单元辐射第二频段的电磁波，进而避免第一辐射器和第二辐射器辐射的电磁波相互影响。该第一馈电装置包括与该第一振子单元相耦合的耦合结构，该第一馈电装置用于通过该耦合结构为该第一振子单元耦合馈电。其中，由于第一辐射单元采用耦合的馈电方式，调整第一振子单元的振子臂的电长度和第一馈电装置的电长度之和时，可以只改变耦合结构的尺寸，而无需改变第一振子单元的振子臂的尺寸，从而避免影响第一振子单元的正常工作。该双频天线工作过程中，当第一辐射单元作为发射天线，向外发射信号时，信号的传输路径可以是，信号先传输至耦合结构，再传输至第一振子单元，信号传输至耦合结构时，该第一耦合结构可以传输所述第一频 段的信号，并阻断所述第二频段的信号，使得上述等效的单极子天线产生的电磁波的频率避开了第二辐射单元的工作频段，进而，第一辐射单元对第二辐射单元传输的信号造成的干扰程度较弱，甚至不会对第二辐射单元传输的信号造成干扰，使得第二辐射单元可以正常工作。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一振子单元包括：四个振子臂，所述四个振子臂关于所述振子单元的中心轴对称，每个所述振子臂的长度l满足：
Figure PCTCN2021106067-appb-000001
其中，λ为所述第一频段电磁波的波长，A 1为预设误差阈值。由此，第一振子单元的结构更灵活，将四个振子臂中心对称设置，可以节约双频天线的空间。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一振子单元包括：十字交叉的两个振子臂，每个该振子臂关于该振子单元的中心轴对称，每个所述振子臂的长度l满足：
Figure PCTCN2021106067-appb-000002
其中，λ为所述第一频段电磁波的波长，A 2为预设误差阈值。由此，第一振子单元的结构更灵活，将两个振子臂十字交叉设置，可以节约双频天线的空间。
一种可选的实现方式中，该耦合结构包括：多个横臂，该横臂关于所述振子单元的中心轴对称，每个该横臂分别与一个该振子臂耦合，且相耦合的该横臂与该振子臂之间的间距小于预设值。由此，耦合结构的横臂和振子臂一一相对，可以通过该横臂向该振子臂耦合馈电，该横臂与该振子臂之间的间距小于预设值，可以提高耦合效果。
一种可选的实现方式中，该耦合结构还包括：多个竖臂，所述竖臂靠近所述振子单元的中心轴设置，该竖臂用于连接该横臂和该反射板，该横臂与该竖臂组成倒L形的导电板结构。由此，该竖臂靠近所述振子单元的中心轴设置，可以方便馈电端口集中馈电，节约双频天线的空间。
一种可选的实现方式中，多个该竖臂之间设有缝隙，该第一馈电装置还包括：十字交叉的馈电片，该馈电片设置在该竖臂之间的缝隙中，且该馈电片与该反射板上的馈电端口电性连接。由此，第一馈电装置通过馈电片实现对耦合结构的馈电，连接更稳固，提高了电连接的稳定性。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一馈电装置还包括：设置在该竖臂上的馈电线，该馈电线与该反射板上的馈电端口电性连接。由此，第一馈电装置通过馈电线实现对耦合装置的馈电，尺寸小，节约双频天线的空间。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一频段的频率为该第二频段频率的2倍，该耦合结构的等效电长度小于该第二频段的波长的四分之一。由此，耦合结构实现其滤波作用的结构主要与耦合结构的等效电长度相关，耦合结构的等效电长度越大，该耦合结构可以传输的信号频率越低，技术人员可以根据第一辐射单元的工作频段以及第二辐射单元的工作频段，设置耦合结构的耦合长度，耦合结构的耦合长度可以设置在预设数值范围内，例如，可以设置为小于第二频段波长的四分之一，使得耦合结构屏蔽第二频段的电磁波。
一种可选的实现方式中，该振子臂为导体臂或设置在导体板上的缝隙。由此，振子臂的结构更灵活，选择更多。
一种可选的实现方式中，该双频天线还包括：引向装置设置在该第一振子单元远离该反射板的一侧，该引向装置包括：多个金属片，该金属片分别与该振子臂平行。 由此，通过设置该引向装置，可以提高第一辐射单元的方向性。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第二辐射单元包括：第二馈电装置和第二振子单元，该第二馈电装置和该第二振子单元电性连接。由此，第二辐射单元可以采用直接馈电的方式，向外辐射低频的电磁波。
本申请的第二方面，提供一种天线阵列，其特征在于，该天线阵列包括至少两个如上所述的双频天线，以及反射板；其中，每一个该双频天线电连接至该反射板。由此，采用上述双频天线的天线阵列，可避免高频天线对低频天线产生干扰，且结构简单，可以实现更高的集成度。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线阵列的俯视图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种天线阵列的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种第一辐射单元的结构示意图；
图3a为图3中馈电装置的结构示意图；
图3b为图3中馈电装置的俯视图；
图3c为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一辐射单元的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一辐射单元的结构示意图；
图4a为图4中馈电装置的结构示意图；
图4b为图4中馈电装置的俯视图；
图4c为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一辐射单元的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种第一振子单元的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一振子单元的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一振子单元的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一振子单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
此外，本申请中，“上”、“下”等方位术语是相对于附图中的部件示意置放的方位来定义的，应当理解到，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，其可以根据附图中部件所放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化。
以下，对本申请实施例可能出现的术语进行解释。
电长度，是指传播媒质和结构的机械长度(也可称物理长度或几何长度)与该媒质和结构上传播电磁波的波长比值。
天线口径：在天线理论中，口径(或者有效面积)是表示天线接收无线电波功率的效率的参数。口径被定义为垂直于入射无线电波方向，并且有效截获入射无线电波能量的面积。
首先请参见图1和图2，图1是本申请实施例提供的一种天线阵列的俯视图，图2是本申请实施例提供的一种天线阵列的结构示意图。
如图1、图2所示，该天线阵列包括：至少两个双频天线01，以及反射板10，其中，每一个双频天线01和该反射板10电连接。
接着参考图1、图2，该双频天线01包括：第一辐射单元20和第二辐射单元30，所述第一辐射单元20的工作频段为第一频段，所述第二辐射单元30的工作频段为第二频段，所述第一频段的最小频率大于所述第二频段的最大频率。
本实施例中，所述第一频段内的最小频率大于所述第二频段的最大频率，也就是说，第一辐射单元20的工作频段为高频段，第二辐射单元30的工作频段为低频段。
一种实施方式中，所述第一频段的频率近似为所述第二频段的频率的两倍。在其他实施方式中，所述第一频段的频率也可以近似于所述第二频段的频率的其他倍数，本实施例对此不作具体限定。
其中，该双频天线01例如为2.4GHz、5GHz双频段天线。第一辐射器例如工作在5GHz频段，第二辐射器例如工作在2.4GHz频段。
本实施例中为方便介绍第一辐射单元20的结构，如图3、图4所示，可以以一个第一辐射单元20进行示例。
其中，所述第一辐射单元20为一个偶极子辐射单元，包括：第一振子单元201和第一馈电装置202。
现有技术中，第一辐射单元20的第一振子单元201与第一馈电装置202直接电气连接，其中，在一些场景中，该第一振子单元201的一个振子臂和第一馈电装置202的长度接近于第二辐射单元30工作频段的波长的四分之一，当第一辐射单元20和第二辐射单元30同时工作时，该第一振子单元201的一个振子臂和第一馈电装置202恰好可以等效成一个工作频率接近于低频单元的频率的单极子02，使得第一辐射单元的第一馈电装置和该单极子02恰好可以等效成一个工作频率接近于第二辐射单元的工作频率的单极子天线，进而使得第一辐射单元20工作在第二辐射单元30工作的频段内，这一等效的单极子天线工作时激励起的场叠加到第二辐射单元30工作时激励起的场中，导致第二辐射单元30的辐射方向图出现畸形。
在一些实施例中，可以改变第一振子单元的振子臂和第一馈电装置的电长度之和，使第一辐射单元的工作频率在所述第二频段外，避免第一辐射单元辐射第二频段的电磁波，进而避免第一辐射器和第二辐射器辐射的电磁波相互影响。然而，由于第一振子单元201与第一馈电装置202直接电气连接，改变第一振子单元的振子臂和第一馈电装置的电长度之和，会对第一频段的地磁波产生影响。
为此，本申请实施例对该第一辐射单元20进行改进。
如图3、图4所示，所述第一馈电装置202包括与所述第一振子单元201相耦合的耦合结构2021，所述第一馈电装置202通过所述耦合结构2021对所述第一振子单元201进行耦合馈电，其中，所述耦合结构2021用于传输所述第一频段的信号，并阻断所述第二频段的信号。
需要说明的是，耦合馈电是指在通信等领域内的不接触且有一定的小的距离的两个电路元件或电路网络之间通过耦合的方式进行电能量的传导。使得其中的一个元件 不与电能量传导***有直接接触的情况下获得能量。本实施例中，第一振子单元201与第一馈电装置202不直接接触，第一馈电装置202通过电容耦合的方式实现向第一振子单元201馈电。
其中，由于第一辐射单元采用耦合的馈电方式，调整第一振子单元的振子臂的电长度和第一馈电装置的电长度之和时，可以只改变耦合结构的尺寸，而无需改变第一振子单元的振子臂的尺寸，从而避免影响第一振子单元的正常工作。
当第一辐射单元20作为发射天线，向外发射信号时，信号的传输路径可以是，信号经过馈线传输至耦合结构2021，信号传输至耦合结构2021时，由于耦合结构2021可以传输该第一频段的信号，并阻断该第二频段的信号，故信号频率位于第一频段的信号可以继续传输至与耦合结构2021相耦合的第一振子单元201，之后以电磁波的形式向外辐射，且发射的电磁波的频率均高于预设阈值。
即使第一辐射单元20的振子臂和耦合结构2021恰好可以等效成一个工作频率接近于第二辐射单元30的频率的单极子天线，但是由于耦合结构2021的存在，使得等效的单极子天线产生的电磁波的频率均高于第二频段的最大频率，上述等效的单极子天线产生的电磁波的频率避开了第二辐射单元30的工作频段，进而，等效的单极子天线对低频单元辐射传输的信号造成的干扰程度较弱，甚至不会对低频单元辐射传输的信号造成干扰，使第二辐射单元30可以正常工作。
在本申请一些实施中，耦合结构2021实现其滤波作用的结构主要与耦合结构2021的等效电长度相关，其中，耦合结构2021的等效电长度约为实际电长度的1-1.5倍。其中，耦合结构2021的等效电长度为传输每一频率电磁波时，按照相位变化等效为传输频率的电长度。
耦合结构2021的等效电长度越大，该耦合结构2021可以传输的信号频率越低，技术人员可以根据第一辐射单元20的工作频段以及第二辐射单元30的工作频段，设置耦合结构2021的尺寸，使得耦合结构2021的等效电长度可以设置在预设数值范围内，例如，可以设置为小于第二频段波长的四分之一。
本申请实施例提供的双频天线01，第一振子单元201的振子臂和第一馈电装置的电长度之和与该第二频段的波长的四分之一差距大，使得第一辐射单元20的工作频率在所述第二频段外，避免第一辐射单元20辐射第二频段的电磁波，可以避免第一辐射器和第二辐射器辐射的电磁波相互影响。
其中，由于第一辐射单元20采用耦合的馈电方式，调整耦合结构2021的耦合长度时，可以只改变第一馈电装置202的尺寸，无需改变第一振子单元201的尺寸，操作更方便，且不会对第一振子单元201辐射的第一频段的电磁波产生影响。
接着参考图3，该双频天线01还包括：反射板10。
本申请实施例对反射板10的具体结构不做限制。在本申请一种实现方式中，反射板10为金属板。
在本申请另一种实现方式中，反射板10包括：导体板，以及设置在所述导体板上的导电层。其中，导体板例如包括相对的第一表面和第二表面。所述导电层可以设置在所述导体板的第一表面和/或所述导体板的第二表面上。
本实施例中，反射板10例如包括第一表面，该第一表面用于承载第一辐射单元 20，该第一表面上例如还设有导电层。
第二辐射单元30例如与该第一表面的导电层电连接，该导电层可以镜像反射第一辐射单元20和第二辐射单元30。
依据电磁波的镜像原理，第一辐射单元20的等效电长度等于第一振子单元201和第一馈电装置202的电长度的实际电长度与第一振子单元201和第一馈电装置202的电长度在导电层的镜像的电长度之和，即第一辐射单元20的等效电长度等第一振子单元201和第一馈电装置202的电长度的实际电长度的两倍，即第一振子单元201和第一馈电装置202的电长度之和只要等于所述第一频段的波长的二分之一，即可发射或接收频率位于所述第一频段的电磁波。
同理，第二辐射单元30的长度只要等于所述第二频段的波长的二分之一，即可发射或接收频率位于所述第二频段的电磁波。其中，上述第一频段的波长和第二频段的波长为自由空间中的波长。
本申请实施例所示双频天线01，利用导电层镜像第一辐射单元20和第二辐射单元30，使第一辐射单元20和第二辐射单元30的等效电长度等于第一辐射单元20和第二辐射单元30的电长度两倍，相当于将第一辐射单元20和第二辐射单元30的机械长度减小了一半，缩小了双频天线01的尺寸，不仅节省了双频天线01的制备成本，还提高了双频天线01的结构紧凑度，有利于双频天线01的小型化设计。
本申请实施例对第一振子单元201的结构不做限制，第一振子单元201例如与第一馈电装置202耦合，第一振子单元201平行于反射板10。第一辐射单元20可以是偶极子天线，也即，第一振子单元201由一对对称放置的振子臂构成。
本申请的一些实施例中，第一振子单元201例如为金属导体。需要说明的是，上述图3、图4是以第一振子单元201的第一振子臂和第二振子臂为十字交叉的对称振子为例进行说明的，上述振子臂可以采用片状、环状、柱状等形状和结构，对此，本申请不作限定。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，如图3、图4所示，第一振子单元201包括金属板2012，以及设置在金属板2012上的缝隙2011，该缝隙2011可以作为振子臂。
需要说明的是，图3、图4仅作为一些示例说明第一振子臂和第二振子臂一种可能的设置有缝隙2011的结构，该缝隙2011可以为任何形状，分别如图5、图6、图7、图8所示，该振子臂可以是圆形缝隙、十字交叉形的两个条形缝隙、以及四个中心对称的条形缝隙或四个中心对称的金属缝隙，对此，本申请不做限定。
其中，上述实施例中振子臂为两个或四个，两个或四个振子臂对称设置，其对称轴为两个振子臂之间的中心轴，该中心轴也即为第一辐射单元20的中心轴，下文所提到的结构中的对称轴，在无特殊说明的情况下，均是第一振子单元201的中心轴。
需要说明的是，当振子臂为四个时，所述四个振子臂关于所述振子单元的中心轴对称，每个所述振子臂的长度l满足：
Figure PCTCN2021106067-appb-000003
其中，λ为所述第一频段电磁波的波长，A 1为预设误差阈值。
当振子臂为两个时，两个振子臂十字交叉设置，每个振子臂关于该振子单元的中心轴对称，每个所述振子臂的长度l满足：
Figure PCTCN2021106067-appb-000004
其中，λ为所述第一频段电磁波 的波长，A 2为预设误差阈值。
其中，该第一振子单元201的口径约为工作频段对应波长的二分之一。需要说明的是，本申请一些实施例中，第一振子单元201的金属板2012采用正方形结构，第一振子单元201的口径可以是金属板2012的边长。
本申请对第一馈电装置202的结构不做限制，需要说明的是，上述第一馈电装置202可以为任意结构和形式的馈电装置，例如：同轴馈电装置、巴伦馈电装置、波导馈电装置。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一辐射单元20可以是偶极子天线，也即，第一辐射单元20由一对对称放置的振子臂构成，两个振子臂相互靠近的两端分别与馈电线相连。该第一馈电装置202例如为巴伦馈电装置，该耦合结构2021例如为巴伦。
其中，偶极子天线属平衡型天线，而同轴电缆属不平衡传输线，若将其直接连接，则同轴电缆的外皮就有高频电流流过(按同轴电缆传输原理，高频电流应在同轴电缆内部流动，外皮是屏蔽层，是没有电流的)，这样一来，就会影响偶极子天线的辐射(可以想象成同轴电缆的屏蔽层也参与了电磁波的辐射)。通过在偶极子天线和同轴电缆之间加入巴伦，可以将流入同轴电缆的屏蔽层外部的电流扼制掉，也就是说可以将从振子臂流过同轴电缆的屏蔽层外皮的高频电流截断，以实现天线馈电的不平衡到平衡的转换。
第一馈电装置202可以垂直于反射板10设置，第一馈电装置202的底部例如设有馈电端口，馈电端口例如通过馈线(图未示)连接射频模块，第一辐射单元20可以通过馈电端口接收射频模块发送的电磁信号或将接收的外界电磁信号发送至射频模块。
如图3、图3a、图3b所示，第一馈电装置202包括：耦合结构2021和馈电片2022。该耦合结构2021包括：多个横臂20211和多个竖臂20212，所述横臂20211靠近所述振子臂设置，并与所述振子臂相耦合，该横臂20211与所述振子臂之间的间距例如小于预设值。由此，可以通过该横臂向该振子臂耦合馈电，该横臂与该振子臂之间的间距小于预设值，可以提高耦合效果。
该竖臂20212靠近所述振子单元的中心轴设置，该竖臂20212用于连接该横臂20211和反射板10，该竖臂20212与所述横臂20211组成倒L形结构的导电板。
参考图3a、图3b，该耦合结构2021为8个，相邻两个耦合结构2021的竖臂20212互相连接，相邻横臂20211组成“V”形结构，共形成4个“V”形臂，每个“V”形臂中至少一条横臂20211与一个振子臂相对。
相邻“V”形结构之间例如设有缝隙2011，所述第一馈电装置202还包括：十字交叉的馈电片2022，所述馈电片2022设置在所述竖臂20212之间的缝隙2011中。
本申请对该横臂20211和竖臂20212的具体尺寸不做限制。在本申请一些实施例中，第一频段的频率约为第二频段频率的2倍，为避免第一辐射单元对第二辐射单元产生干扰，可使得所述横臂20211的电长度例如大于所述第一频段波长的八分之一，且小于所述第一频段波长的四分之一，所述竖臂20212的电长度大于所述第一频段波长的八分之一，且小于所述第一频段波长的四分之一，也即该耦合结构2021的电长度大于第一频段波长的四分之一，且小于第一频段波长的二分之一。
其中，该耦合结构2021电长度约为横臂20211和竖臂20212的电长度之和。当该 耦合结构2021的电长度大于第一频段波长的四分之一，且小于第一频段波长的二分之一，约等效于该耦合结构2021的电长度大于第二频段波长的八分之一，小于第二频段波长的四分之一，上述耦合结构等效的单极子天线产生的电磁波的频率避开了第二辐射单元30的工作频段，进而，等效的单极子天线对低频单元辐射传输的信号造成的干扰程度较弱，甚至不会对低频单元辐射传输的信号造成干扰，使第二辐射单元30可以正常工作。
当然，在本申请另一些实施例中，也可以使得该耦合结构2021的电长度小于或等于第二频段波长的八分之一。使得该耦合结构等效的单极子天线产生的电磁波的频率避开了第二辐射单元30的工作频段，进而，等效的单极子天线对低频单元辐射传输的信号造成的干扰程度较弱，甚至不会对低频单元辐射传输的信号造成干扰，使第二辐射单元30可以正常工作。
需要说明的是，图3a仅作为一种示例，本申请对耦合结构2021的形状不做限定，即该耦合结构2021可以为倒L形、长方形、正方形、三角形等任意形状的导电板，只需使得导电板的一条边分别与一个振子臂相对。另外，若第一馈电装置202包括多块导电板(例如图3a所示的结构)，本申请对多块导电板的交叉角度不做限定，既可以为90°十字交叉，也可以为其他角度的“V”字形交叉。
如图4、图4a、图4b所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种第一馈电装置202的结构图。如图4所示，第一馈电装置202包括：耦合结构2021和微带线2023。
该耦合结构2021包括：横臂20211和竖臂20212，所述横臂20211关于所述振子单元的中心轴对称，每个该横臂分别与一个该振子臂耦合，该横臂20211与所述振子臂之间的间距例如小于预设值。由此，可以通过该横臂向该振子臂耦合馈电，该横臂与该振子臂之间的间距小于预设值，可以提高耦合效果。
该竖臂20212靠近所述振子单元的中心轴设置，该竖臂20212用于连接该横臂20211和反射板10，该竖臂20212与所述横臂20211组成倒L形结构的导电板。
该横臂20211和竖臂20212的具体尺寸可参考上述实施例，在此不再赘述。
其中，该耦合结构2021为4个，4个耦合结构2021与上述的振子臂一一对应，其对称轴为上述的中心轴。其中，相邻两个耦合结构2021的竖臂20212互相连接，横臂20211组成“V”形结构。
此外，该竖臂20212上例如还设置有微带线2023，所述馈电线与所述反射板10上的馈电端口电性连接。其中，微带线2023的形状可以为“L”形。
微带线2023的形状还可以为其他任意直线形、曲线形、折线形，例如：“一”形、“工”形、“U”形、“V形”、“W”形、“S”形。
通过图3a、图4a所示的第一馈电装置202可以实现向天线辐射单元馈电，以及实现天线馈电的平衡的转换。
其中，图3a、图4a是基于图5所示结构的第一振子单元201作出的示例，事实上，对于图6、图7、图8或者其他任一种结构的第一振子单元201可以选择与振子臂形状相近的巴伦装置。
在一种可能的结构中，该巴伦装置可以采用碗状结构。
在另一种可能的结构中，该巴伦装置可以采用差分馈电的单极子结构。
所述耦合结构2021的等效电长度例如小于所述第二频段的波长的四分之一。
此外，如图3c、图4c所示，该第一辐射单元20还包括：第一引向装置203，所述第一引向装置203例如包括：正交分布的四个金属片，所述金属片分别与所述振子臂平行。当第一振子单元201工作时，第一引向装置203可以在第一振子单元201的作用下产生感应电流，进而引导第一振子单元201的电磁波向第一引向装置203所在方向辐射，提高了第一辐射单元20的增益。
由此，通过在第一辐射单元20的辐射方向上设置第一引向装置203，可以提高第一辐射单元的方向性。
在本申请另一种实现方式中，该第一辐射单元20还包括：第二引向装置204，所述第二引向装置204例如包括：靠近第一振子单元201的中心设置的金属片，可以进一步引导第一振子单元201的电磁波向第二引向装置204所在方向辐射，提高了第一辐射单元20的方向性。
本申请实施例对第二辐射单元30的结构不做限制。本申请的一些实施例中，如图2所示，该第二辐射单元30可以包括：第二馈电装置和第二振子单元，该第二馈电装置和该第二振子单元电性连接。
本申请实施例提供的双频天线，第二辐射单元可以采用直接馈电的方式，向外辐射低频的电磁波。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种双频天线，其特征在于，包括：设置在反射板上的第一辐射单元和第二辐射单元，所述第一辐射单元的工作频段为第一频段，所述第二辐射单元的工作频段为第二频段，所述第一频段的最小频率大于所述第二频段的最大频率；
    所述第一辐射单元包括：第一馈电装置、第一振子单元，所述第一馈电装置包括与所述第一振子单元相耦合的耦合结构，所述第一馈电装置用于通过所述耦合结构为所述第一振子单元耦合馈电，其中，所述耦合结构用于传输所述第一频段的信号，并阻断所述第二频段的信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子单元包括：四个振子臂，所述四个振子臂关于所述振子单元的中心轴对称，每个所述振子臂的长度l满足：
    Figure PCTCN2021106067-appb-100001
    其中，λ为所述第一频段电磁波的波长，A 1为预设误差阈值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子单元包括：十字交叉的两个振子臂，每个所述振子臂关于所述振子单元的中心轴对称，每个所述振子臂的长度l满足：
    Figure PCTCN2021106067-appb-100002
    其中，λ为所述第一频段电磁波的波长，A 2为预设误差阈值。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述耦合结构包括：多个横臂，所述横臂关于所述振子单元的中心轴对称，每个所述横臂分别与一个所述振子臂耦合，且相耦合的所述横臂与所述振子臂之间的间距小于预设值。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述耦合结构还包括：多个竖臂，所述竖臂靠近所述振子单元的中心轴设置，所述竖臂用于连接所述横臂和所述反射板，所述横臂与所述竖臂组成倒L形的导电板结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的双频天线，其特征在于，多个所述竖臂之间设有缝隙，所述第一馈电装置还包括：十字交叉的馈电片，所述馈电片设置在所述竖臂之间的缝隙中，且所述馈电片与所述反射板上的馈电端口电性连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一馈电装置还包括：设置在所述竖臂上的馈电线，所述馈电线与所述反射板上的馈电端口电性连接。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一频段的频率为所述第二频段频率的2倍，所述耦合结构的等效电长度小于所述第二频段的波长的四分之一。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8任一项所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述振子臂为导体臂或设置在导体板上的缝隙。
  10. 根据权利要求2-9任一项所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子单元远离所述反射板的一侧设有第一引向装置，所述第一引向装置包括：多个金属片，所述金属片分别与所述振子臂耦合。
  11. 根据权利要求2-9任一项所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一引向装置远离所述第一振子单元一侧设有第二引向装置，所述第二引向装置包括：至少1个金属片，所述至少1个金属片靠近所述第一振子单元的中心设置。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的双频天线，其特征在于，所述第二辐射单元 包括：第二馈电装置和第二振子单元，所述第二馈电装置和所述第二振子单元电性连接。
  13. 一种天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列包括至少两个如权利要求1-12任一项所述的双频天线，以及反射板；
    其中，每一个所述双频天线与所述反射板电连接。
PCT/CN2021/106067 2020-07-15 2021-07-13 双频天线及天线阵列 WO2022012546A1 (zh)

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