WO2022012022A1 - 低剖面辐射单元及小型基站天线 - Google Patents

低剖面辐射单元及小型基站天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012022A1
WO2022012022A1 PCT/CN2021/073890 CN2021073890W WO2022012022A1 WO 2022012022 A1 WO2022012022 A1 WO 2022012022A1 CN 2021073890 W CN2021073890 W CN 2021073890W WO 2022012022 A1 WO2022012022 A1 WO 2022012022A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
low
circuit board
profile
radiation unit
feeding
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PCT/CN2021/073890
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张晨曦
江峰
安涛
吴倩
陈扬
Original Assignee
摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司
摩比科技（深圳）有限公司
摩比通讯技术（吉安）有限公司
摩比科技(西安)有限公司
深圳市晟煜智慧科技网络有限公司
西安摩比天线技术工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022012022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012022A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a low-profile radiation unit and a small base station antenna.
  • the base station is the air interface connecting the user and the network in the mobile communication system, so it is one of the most critical components of the system, which directly determines the coverage of the mobile communication network and the quality of signal transmission.
  • Base stations can be divided into outdoor large-scale macro base station antennas and small base station antennas according to application scenarios; macro base station antennas are characterized by a wide frequency band, a large number of radiating elements, high gain, and large power capacity, and are suitable for large-scale and sparse user scenarios.
  • the characteristics of small base station antennas are narrow frequency band, fewer radiation units, low gain, and small power capacity, and are suitable for local blind coverage or coverage in areas with dense users.
  • Small base station antennas can be regarded as a small version of macro base station antennas that are introduced into buildings for intensive deployment. In this context, the development of small base station antennas is necessary and important.
  • the radiating unit plays a vital role in the entire mobile communication network.
  • the radiating element of the antenna generally realizes the feeding of the feeding balun to the vibrator by welding the feeding sheet, which has the disadvantages of complex structure and high cost of the radiating element.
  • the antenna puts forward higher requirements for the size of the radiating element.
  • the size of the radiating element should be reduced as much as possible while ensuring the performance of the antenna.
  • the base station The miniaturized design of the antenna has become the mainstream trend of the current industry development.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-profile radiating element and a small base station antenna, which can realize the broadband and low-profile design of the radiating element while ensuring the antenna performance, thereby achieving the purpose of miniaturizing the size of the antenna.
  • the present invention provides a low-profile radiating unit, comprising a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun;
  • the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, respectively at ⁇ 45° of the dielectric substrate distributed and placed in the direction;
  • the feed balun is in an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feed balun is connected to the feed network, the top of the feed balun is connected to the radiator, and the feed probe passes through The coupling feeds each of the dipoles.
  • the radiator is composed of four radiating arms, and the radiating arms are in the shape of leaves.
  • the radiating surface of the radiator has an aperture side length of 0.3-0.35 ⁇ ; and/or
  • the current path of the radiation arm is 0.25 ⁇ ;
  • the ⁇ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the low-profile radiation unit.
  • the impedance characteristic of the feeding balun is optimized through impedance matching.
  • the low-profile radiation unit according to the present invention further includes a grounding plate
  • the feeding balun is composed of two orthogonally combined circuit boards, each of the circuit boards includes a dielectric sheet, and the front surface of the dielectric sheet is distributed with feeding lines that are bent and deformed.
  • the back is covered with ground; the bottom of the feed line is connected to the feed network, the bottom of the ground of the feed line is connected to the ground plate, and the top of the ground is connected to the radiator power feed.
  • the length of the feed balun is 0.125 ⁇ ; the ⁇ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the low-profile radiation unit.
  • the circuit board includes a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove, and the second circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove. a second fitting groove; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are respectively fitted into an orthogonal structure through the first fitting groove and the second fitting groove.
  • the top of the first circuit board is provided with at least two first upper fins
  • the top of the second circuit board is provided with at least two second upper fins
  • the radiator is correspondingly provided with at least four upper slots, and the first circuit board and the second circuit board are respectively clamped to the radiator through the first upper protrusion and the second upper protrusion. the upper slot of the body;
  • the bottom of the first circuit board is provided with at least two first lower tabs; the bottom of the second circuit board is provided with at least two second lower tabs, and the grounding sheet is correspondingly provided with at least four lower openings
  • the first circuit board and the second circuit board are respectively clamped to the lower slot of the grounding sheet through the first lower tab and the second lower tab.
  • the present invention also provides a small base station antenna, which includes a reflector, and a plurality of low-profile radiation units according to any one of the above are distributed on the reflector.
  • a plurality of the low-profile radiating elements form at least one line array and are distributed on the reflector, and the spacing between the adjacent low-profile radiating elements is 0.8-1 ⁇ .
  • the ⁇ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the low-profile radiation unit.
  • the low-profile radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun.
  • the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are respectively distributed and placed in the ⁇ 45° direction of the dielectric substrate to form a dual-polarized radiation unit.
  • the feeding balun is in an orthogonal structure, and the top of the feeding balun is connected to the radiator, and each dipole is fed by coupling through the feeding probe.
  • the present invention adopts the method of coupling feeding and the form of deforming feeding balun to reduce the profile of the radiation unit, which can realize the broadband and low profile design of the radiation unit while ensuring the performance of the antenna, so as to achieve the purpose of miniaturizing the size of the antenna. .
  • the radiator is composed of four leaf-shaped radiation arms, and the leaf-shaped circuit can make the radiation unit meet the electrical size required for excitation under a small diameter, and can further reduce the cross-section of the radiation unit.
  • the impedance characteristic of the feeding balun is optimized through impedance matching, which can avoid the problem of deterioration of the impedance characteristic caused by the reduction of the cross section of the radiating element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred low-profile radiation unit of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the preferred low profile radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the radiator of the preferred low-profile radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic perspective view of a feed balun of a preferred low-profile radiating element of the present invention.
  • 4B is a horizontal schematic view of the first circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention.
  • 4C is a horizontal schematic view of the second circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the preferred small base station antenna of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal schematic diagram of the preferred small base station antenna of the present invention.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “example embodiment”, etc. mean that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every Embodiments must contain these specific features, structures or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions are not referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, whether or not explicitly described, it has been shown that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to incorporate such feature, structure or characteristic into other embodiments .
  • the low-profile radiation unit 100 at least includes a dielectric substrate 10 , a radiator 20 on the dielectric substrate 10 , and a feeding balun 30 .
  • the radiator 20 includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are respectively distributed in the ⁇ 45° direction of the dielectric substrate 10 to form two polarizations of ⁇ 45°, forming a dual-polarized radiation unit.
  • the feeding balun 30 is in an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the feeding network, the top of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the radiator 20, and each dipole is connected to each dipole through a feeding probe through coupling. sub-feed.
  • the existing radiating unit needs to place a metal reflector at a distance of 0.25 ⁇ from the radiator (or vibrator), and uses the feeding balun between the radiator and the grounding plate to feed, and the height of 0.25 ⁇ limits the size of the antenna.
  • the invention provides a wide-band low-profile dual-polarized radiation unit, which adopts a coupling feeding method to feed and a deformed feeding balun to reduce the cross-sectional height of the radiation unit, thereby effectively realizing the goal of antenna miniaturization.
  • the feeding balun 30 optimizes the impedance characteristic through impedance matching, so as to avoid the problem of deterioration of the impedance characteristic.
  • the length of the feeding balun 30 is about 0.125 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the low-profile radiation unit 100 .
  • the length of the existing feeding balun is about 0.25 ⁇ , and the reduction of the length of the feeding balun can reduce the profile of the radiating element.
  • the radiator 20 adopts a plane center-symmetric structure and consists of four radiating arms 21.
  • the radiating arms 21 are leaf-shaped, that is, each leaf-shaped radiating arm 21 form a dual-polarized radiation unit, which is in the form of a four-leaf clover as a whole.
  • the leaf-shaped circuit can make the radiation unit meet the electrical size required for excitation under a small diameter.
  • the current path of each radiating arm 21 is about 0.25 ⁇ , and the current path of the radiating arm flows to the outer edge of the aperture, which can obtain a higher superposition gain of the radiation field.
  • the size of the aperture is reduced, which can effectively realize the multi-column low frequency
  • the width dimension of the antenna array Preferably, the side length of the aperture of the radiation surface of the radiator 20 is about 0.3-0.35 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the low-profile radiation unit 100 .
  • the low-profile radiation unit 100 further includes a grounding sheet 40 .
  • 4A to 4C show the structure of the feeding balun of the preferred low-profile radiating element of the present invention
  • the feeding balun 30 is composed of two orthogonally combined circuit boards 310 and 320, the circuit boards 310 and 320 are respectively It includes a dielectric sheet 31 , the front surface of the dielectric sheet 31 is distributed with bent and deformed feed lines 32 , and the back surface of the dielectric sheet 31 is covered with a ground 33 .
  • the feeding line 32 is a microstrip line, and the length of the feeding balun 30 is about 0.125 ⁇ .
  • the bottom of the feed line 32 is connected to the feed network, the bottom of the ground 33 of the feed line 32 is connected to the ground plate 40 , and the top of the ground 33 is connected to the feed of the radiator 20 .
  • Each dipole of the radiator 20 has a feeding balun 30, and the top of the feeding balun 30 feeds each dipole by coupling through a feeding probe.
  • the circuit board includes a first circuit board 310 and a second circuit board 320, preferably a PCB circuit board.
  • the first circuit board 310 is provided with a first fitting groove 311
  • the second circuit board 320 is provided with a second fitting groove 321 .
  • the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 are respectively fitted with each other through the first fitting groove 311 and the second fitting groove 321 to form an orthogonal structure.
  • the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 respectively correspond to one dipole.
  • the top of the first circuit board 310 is provided with at least two first upper tabs 312
  • the top of the second circuit board 320 is provided with at least two second upper tabs 322 .
  • At least four upper slots 22 are correspondingly provided, and the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 are respectively clamped to the upper slots 22 of the radiator 20 through the first upper protrusions 312 and the second upper protrusions 322, Thereby a feed connection is achieved.
  • the bottom of the first circuit board 310 is provided with at least two first lower tabs 313 .
  • the bottom of the second circuit board 320 is provided with at least two second lower protrusions 323, the grounding sheet 40 is provided with at least four lower slots 41 correspondingly, and the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 respectively pass through the first lower protrusions
  • the sheet 313 and the second lower protruding sheet 323 are clamped at the lower slot 41 of the grounding sheet 40, so as to realize the connection between grounding and feeding.
  • the small base station antenna 200 includes a reflector 300 on which a plurality of the low-profile radiating elements 100 are distributed.
  • a plurality of low-profile radiation units 100 form at least one line array and are distributed on the reflector 300 , each linear array includes at least three of the low-profile radiation units 100 , and adjacent low-profile radiation units 100 are arranged between adjacent low-profile radiation units 100 .
  • the spacing is about 0.8 ⁇ 1 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the low-profile radiation unit 100 .
  • the low-profile radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun.
  • the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are distributed and placed in the direction of ⁇ 45° of the dielectric substrate respectively. Dual polarized radiating element.
  • the feeding balun is in an orthogonal structure, and the top of the feeding balun is connected to the radiator, and each dipole is fed by coupling through the feeding probe.
  • the present invention adopts the method of coupling feeding and the form of deforming feeding balun to reduce the profile of the radiation unit, which can realize the broadband and low profile design of the radiation unit while ensuring the performance of the antenna, so as to achieve the purpose of miniaturizing the size of the antenna. .
  • the radiator is composed of four leaf-shaped radiation arms, and the leaf-shaped circuit can make the radiation unit meet the electrical size required for excitation under a small diameter, and can further reduce the cross-section of the radiation unit.
  • the impedance characteristic of the feeding balun is optimized through impedance matching, which can avoid the problem of deterioration of the impedance characteristic caused by the reduction of the cross section of the radiating element.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种低剖面辐射单元，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在所述介质基板的±45°方向上分布放置；所述馈电巴伦呈正交结构，所述馈电巴伦的底部连接馈电网络，所述馈电巴伦的顶部连接所述辐射体，并通过馈电探针通过耦合方式为每个所述偶极子馈电。本发明还提供一种包含所述低剖面辐射单元的小型基站天线。借此，本发明能够在保证天线性能的同时，实现辐射单元宽频低剖面设计，从而达到天线尺寸小型化的目的。

Description

低剖面辐射单元及小型基站天线 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种低剖面辐射单元及小型基站天线。
背景技术
基站是移动通信***中用户与网络连接的空中接口，因此是***最关键的组成部分之一，直接决定着移动通信网络覆盖及信号传输的好坏。基站按照应用场景可分为室外大型宏基站天线与小型基站天线；宏基站天线的特点是频带宽、辐射单元数多、增益高、功率容量大，适用于大范围、用户稀疏的场景。小型基站天线的特点是频段较窄、辐射单元数较少、增益较低、功率容量较小，适用于局部补盲覆盖或用户密集的区域覆盖。
随着无线通信的发展，用户对于高速数据业务需求持续增加，且大部分数据通信是在室内场合进行的。只是搭建宏基站难以满足大量用户的需求，且宏基站的覆盖深度不够，尤其在小区边缘，信号强度明显减弱，链路信噪比下降，造成用户体验下降。小型基站天线可以看成是宏基站天线的小型版引入楼宇进行密集部署，在这样的背景下，小型基站天线的发展是必须且重要的。
辐射单元作为基站天线的关键部件之一，在整个移动通信网络中起着至关重要的作用。现有技术中，天线的辐射单元一般是通过焊接馈电片实现馈电巴伦向振子馈电，存在辐射单元结构复杂、成本高的缺点。在目前有限的天线面资源下，天线对辐射单元的尺寸提出了更高的要求，通常在保证天线性能的同时要尽可能的减小辐射单元的尺寸，为了严格控制天线的重量与尺寸，基站天线的小型化设计已经成为当前行业发展的主流趋势。
综上可知，现有技术在实际使用上显然存在不便与缺陷，所以有必要加以改进。
发明内容
针对上述的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种低剖面辐射单元及小型基站天线，能够在保证天线性能的同时，实现辐射单元宽频低剖面设计，从而达到 天线尺寸小型化的目的。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供低剖面辐射单元，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在所述介质基板的±45°方向上分布放置；所述馈电巴伦呈正交结构，所述馈电巴伦的底部连接馈电网络，所述馈电巴伦的顶部连接所述辐射体，并通过馈电探针通过耦合方式为每个所述偶极子馈电。
根据本发明所述的低剖面辐射单元，所述辐射体由四个辐射臂组成，所述辐射臂呈叶形。
根据本发明所述的低剖面辐射单元，所述辐射体的辐射面的口径边长为0.3～0.35λ；和/或
所述辐射臂的电流路径为0.25λ；
所述λ为所述低剖面辐射单元的工作频段的波长。
根据本发明所述的低剖面辐射单元，所述馈电巴伦通过阻抗匹配对阻抗特性进行优化。
根据本发明所述的低剖面辐射单元，还包括有接地片；
所述馈电巴伦由两个正交组合的线路板构成，每个所述线路板包括有介质片，所述介质片的正面分布设有弯折变形的馈电线路，所述介质片的背面覆盖设有地面；所述馈电线路的底部连接所述馈电网络，所述馈电线路的所述地面的底部与所述接地片连接，所述地面的顶部连接于所述辐射体的馈电处。
根据本发明所述的低剖面辐射单元，所述馈电巴伦的长度为0.125λ；所述λ为所述低剖面辐射单元的工作频段的波长。
根据本发明所述的低剖面辐射单元，所述线路板包括第一线路板和第二线路板，所述第一线路板上设有第一嵌合槽，所述第二线路板上设有第二嵌合槽；所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一嵌合槽和所述第二嵌合槽相互嵌合成正交结构。
根据本发明所述的低剖面辐射单元，所述第一线路板的顶部设有至少两个第一上凸片，所述第二线路板的顶部设有至少两个第二上凸片，所述辐射体上对应设有至少四个上开槽，所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一上凸片和所述第二上凸片卡接于所述辐射体的所述上开槽处；
所述第一线路板的底部设有至少两个第一下凸片；所述第二线路板的底部 设有至少两个第二下凸片，所述接地片对应设有至少四个下开槽，所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一下凸片和所述第二下凸片卡接于所述接地片的所述下开槽处。
本发明还提供一种小型基站天线，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个如任一项所述的低剖面辐射单元。
根据本发明所述的小型基站天线，多个所述低剖面辐射单元组成至少一列线阵分布在所述反射板上，相邻的所述低剖面辐射单元之间的间距为0.8～1λ，所述λ为所述低剖面辐射单元的工作频段的波长。
本发明低剖面辐射单元包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦，辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在介质基板的±45°方向上分布放置，组成双极化辐射单元。馈电巴伦呈正交结构，馈电巴伦的顶部连接辐射体，并通过馈电探针通过耦合方式为每个偶极子馈电。借此，本发明采用耦合馈电的方式馈电及变形馈电巴伦的形式降低辐射单元剖面，能够在保证天线性能的同时，实现辐射单元宽频低剖面设计，从而达到天线尺寸小型化的目的。优选的是，辐射体由四个叶状辐射臂组成，叶形线路可使得辐射单元在小口径下满足激励需要的电尺寸，可进一步降低辐射单元剖面。更好的是，所述馈电巴伦通过阻抗匹配对阻抗特性进行优化，可避免辐射单元剖面降低所引起的阻抗特性恶化问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明优选低剖面辐射单元的立体示意图；
图2是本发明优选低剖面辐射单元的平面示意图；
图3是本发明优选低剖面辐射单元的辐射体的平面示意图；
图4A是本发明优选低剖面辐射单元的馈电巴伦的立体示意图；
图4B是本发明优选馈电巴伦的第一线路板的水平示意图；
图4C是本发明优选馈电巴伦的第二线路板的水平示意图；
图5是本发明优选小型基站天线的立体示意图；
图6是本发明优选小型基站天线的水平示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实 施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的，本说明书中针对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“示例实施例”等的引用，指的是描述的该实施例可包括特定的特征、结构或特性，但是不是每个实施例必须包含这些特定特征、结构或特性。此外，这样的表述并非指的是同一个实施例。进一步，在结合实施例描述特定的特征、结构或特性时，不管有没有明确的描述，已经表明将这样的特征、结构或特性结合到其它实施例中是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内的。
此外，在说明书及后续的权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件或部件，所属领域中具有通常知识者应可理解，制造商可以用不同的名词或术语来称呼同一个组件或部件。本说明书及后续的权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件或部件的方式，而是以组件或部件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。在通篇说明书及后续的权利要求书中所提及的“包括”和“包含”为一开放式的用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。以外，“连接”一词在此系包含任何直接及间接的电性连接手段。间接的电性连接手段包括通过其它装置进行连接。
图1～图4示出了本发明低剖面辐射单元100的优选结构，所述低剖面辐射单元100至少包括介质基板10、位于介质基板10上的辐射体20和馈电巴伦30。所述辐射体20包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在介质基板10的±45°方向上分布放置，形成±45°两个极化，构成双极化辐射单元。所述馈电巴伦30呈正交结构，馈电巴伦30的底部连接馈电网络，馈电巴伦30的顶部连接辐射体20，并通过馈电探针通过耦合方式为每个偶极子馈电。
现有辐射单元需要距离辐射体(或称振子)的0.25λ处放置金属反射板，同时利用辐射体与接地片之间的馈电巴伦馈电，0.25λ的高度限制了天线的尺寸。本发明提供宽频段低剖面双极化辐射单元，采用耦合馈电的方式馈电及变形馈电巴伦的形式降低辐射单元的剖面高度，从而有效实现天线小型化的目标。
由于平衡馈电的需要，现有辐射单元降低辐射面高度后会带来阻抗特性的恶化。优选的是，馈电巴伦30通过阻抗匹配对阻抗特性进行优化，从而避免阻抗特性的恶化问题。
优选的是，所述馈电巴伦30的长度约为0.125λ，λ为低剖面辐射单元100 的工作频段的波长。现有馈电巴伦长度约为0.25λ，馈电巴伦长度的减少，能将辐射单元的剖面降低。
图3示出了本发明优选低剖面辐射单元的辐射体的结构，所述辐射体20采用平面中心对称结构，由四个辐射臂21组成，辐射臂21呈叶形，即个叶状辐射臂21组成双极化辐射单元，整体呈现四叶草形式，叶形线路可使得辐射单元在小口径下满足激励需要的电尺寸。各辐射臂21的电流路径约为0.25λ，辐射臂的电流路径流向口径的外沿，能获取更高的辐射场叠加增益，在同增益情况下，口面尺寸缩小，能有效实现多列低频天线组阵后的宽度尺寸。优选的是，辐射体20的辐射面的口径边长约为0.3～0.35λ，λ为低剖面辐射单元100的工作频段的波长。
如图1所示，所述低剖面辐射单元100还包括有接地片40。图4A～图4C示出了本发明优选低剖面辐射单元的馈电巴伦的结构，所述馈电巴伦30由两个正交组合的线路板310和320构成，线路板310和320分别包括有介质片31，介质片31的正面分布设有弯折变形的馈电线路32，介质片31的背面覆盖设有地面33。优选的是，所述馈电线路32为微带线路，所述馈电巴伦30的长度约为0.125λ。馈电线路32的底部连接馈电网络，所述馈电线路32的地面33的底部与接地片40连接，地面33的顶部连接于辐射体20的馈电处。辐射体20的每个偶极子各有一个馈电巴伦30，馈电巴伦30的顶部通过馈电探针通过耦合方式给每个偶极子馈电。
优选的是，所述线路板包括第一线路板310和第二线路板320，优选采用PCB线路板。第一线路板310上设有第一嵌合槽311，第二线路板320上设有第二嵌合槽321。第一线路板310和第二线路板320分别通过第一嵌合槽311和第二嵌合槽321相互嵌合共同组成正交结构。第一线路板310和第二线路板320分别对应一个偶极子。
如图4B所示，所述第一线路板310的顶部设有至少两个第一上凸片312，第二线路板320的顶部设有至少两个第二上凸片322，辐射体20上对应设有至少四个上开槽22，第一线路板310和第二线路板320分别通过第一上凸片312和第二上凸片322卡接于辐射体20的上开槽22处，从而实现馈电连接。
如图4C所示，所述第一线路板310的底部设有至少两个第一下凸片313。第二线路板320的底部设有至少两个第二下凸片323，接地片40对应设有至少 四个下开槽41，第一线路板310和第二线路板320分别通过第一下凸片313和第二下凸片323卡接于接地片40的下开槽41处，从而实现接地与馈电连接。
图5～图6示出了是本发明优选小型基站天线的结构，所述小型基站天线200包括有反射板300，反射板300上分布设有多个所述低剖面辐射单元100。优选的是，多个低剖面辐射单元100组成至少一列线阵分布在反射板300上，每个线阵至少包括三个所述低剖面辐射单元100，且相邻的低剖面辐射单元100之间的间距约为0.8～1λ，λ为低剖面辐射单元100的工作频段的波长。
综上所述，本发明低剖面辐射单元包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦，辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在介质基板的±45°方向上分布放置，组成双极化辐射单元。馈电巴伦呈正交结构，馈电巴伦的顶部连接辐射体，并通过馈电探针通过耦合方式为每个偶极子馈电。借此，本发明采用耦合馈电的方式馈电及变形馈电巴伦的形式降低辐射单元剖面，能够在保证天线性能的同时，实现辐射单元宽频低剖面设计，从而达到天线尺寸小型化的目的。优选的是，辐射体由四个叶状辐射臂组成，叶形线路可使得辐射单元在小口径下满足激励需要的电尺寸，可进一步降低辐射单元剖面。更好的是，所述馈电巴伦通过阻抗匹配对阻抗特性进行优化，可避免辐射单元剖面降低所引起的阻抗特性恶化问题。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在所述介质基板的±45°方向上分布放置；所述馈电巴伦呈正交结构，所述馈电巴伦的底部连接馈电网络，所述馈电巴伦的顶部连接所述辐射体，并通过馈电探针通过耦合方式为每个所述偶极子馈电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，所述辐射体由四个辐射臂组成，所述辐射臂呈叶形。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，所述辐射体的辐射面的口径边长为0.3～0.35λ；和/或
    所述辐射臂的电流路径为0.25λ；
    所述λ为所述低剖面辐射单元的工作频段的波长。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电巴伦通过阻抗匹配对阻抗特性进行优化。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，还包括有接地片；
    所述馈电巴伦由两个正交组合的线路板构成，每个所述线路板包括有介质片，所述介质片的正面分布设有弯折变形的馈电线路，所述介质片的背面覆盖设有地面；所述馈电线路的底部连接所述馈电网络，所述馈电线路的所述地面的底部与所述接地片连接，所述地面的顶部连接于所述辐射体的馈电处。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电巴伦的长度为0.125λ；所述λ为所述低剖面辐射单元的工作频段的波长。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，所述线路板包括第一线路板和第二线路板，所述第一线路板上设有第一嵌合槽，所述第二线路板上设有第二嵌合槽；所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一嵌合槽和所述第二嵌合槽相互嵌合成正交结构。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的低剖面辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一线路板的顶部设有至少两个第一上凸片，所述第二线路板的顶部设有至少两个第二上凸片，所述辐射体上对应设有至少四个上开槽，所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一上凸片和所述第二上凸片卡接于所述辐射体的所述上开槽处；
    所述第一线路板的底部设有至少两个第一下凸片；所述第二线路板的底部设有至少两个第二下凸片，所述接地片对应设有至少四个下开槽，所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一下凸片和所述第二下凸片卡接于所述接地片的所述下开槽处。
  9. 一种小型基站天线，其特征在于，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个如权利要求1～8任一项所述的低剖面辐射单元。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的小型基站天线，其特征在于，多个所述低剖面辐射单元组成至少一列线阵分布在所述反射板上，相邻的所述低剖面辐射单元之间的间距为0.8～1λ，所述λ为所述低剖面辐射单元的工作频段的波长。
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