WO2022010375A1 - Устройство дополненной и совмещенной реальности - Google Patents
Устройство дополненной и совмещенной реальности Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022010375A1 WO2022010375A1 PCT/RU2020/000377 RU2020000377W WO2022010375A1 WO 2022010375 A1 WO2022010375 A1 WO 2022010375A1 RU 2020000377 W RU2020000377 W RU 2020000377W WO 2022010375 A1 WO2022010375 A1 WO 2022010375A1
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- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
Definitions
- the present technical solution generally relates to the field of computing, and in particular to displays for creating images of augmented or combined reality.
- the source of information US 2017/0299864 A1 (patent holder: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC, publ. 10/19/2017) is known from the prior art.
- the source reveals the general principle of building a display to create an image of augmented or combined reality.
- This solution describes a display for creating an image of augmented or combined reality, consisting of: a group of diffractive components that input image rays into the waveguide and distribute them; a waveguide for propagating image beams; groups of diffractive components that output image rays in the direction of the user's eyes and distribute image rays over the volume of the element; image projector.
- the input diffractive element also "multiplies" the image spot before the image spot reaches the output. diffractive element.
- the output diffractive element also "multiplies” the image spot.
- the technical problem or technical problem solved in this technical solution is the creation of an image of augmented reality. More specifically, the creation of a device that transmits the image created by a miniature projector to the eyes of the user, while the device itself is transparent and does not block the view of the surrounding reality.
- the achieved technical result is to improve the quality of obtaining a virtual image uniform in color by using the symmetry of the output diffractive element.
- the image spot is multiplied already at the stage and immediately after the interaction of the image rays created by the projector with the input diffractive element.
- FIG. 1 shows the use case when the device is integrated into glasses.
- the location of the diffractive components on the plane of the transparent waveguide 220 is shown (in another embodiment, the diffractive components can be integrated into the volume of the waveguide), in this case, acting as, or combined with, the glasses lens. Shown are two options for the location of the input grating 210. [0010] In FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows the elements of the device and the principle of its operation, a group of diffractive components 210 that inputs image rays into the waveguide 220 and distributes them; a waveguide 220 for propagating image beams; a group of diffractive components 230 that output the image beams in the direction of the user's eyes and distribute the image beams over the entire volume of the waveguide 220.
- FIG. 3 shows the individual components (diffraction gratings) included in the group of diffractive components 210 and together make up the input diffractive element.
- the wave vectors of each of the diffraction gratings and the ratio of the wave vectors are shown, which determine the principle of operation of this element.
- FIG. 4 shows waveguide 220 in side view. Schematically shows the propagation of image rays within the waveguide 220.
- FIG. 5 shows two variants of the structure of the diffractive component entering and constituting the diffractive component group 230 (output diffractive element).
- This diffraction component is a two-dimensional diffraction grating, two variants of the grating are shown.
- FIG. 6 shows the deformation of both versions of the two-dimensional diffraction grating entering and constituting a group of diffractive components 230 (output diffractive element), allowing you to control the angles and efficiency of its diffractive orders.
- FIG. 7-8 show various implementations of the diffractive components (gratings) described below, where the same implementations are shown on the right side, but with a second glass on top.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which gratings 310 and 320 are aligned and crossed.
- FIG. 10 shows the working field of a virtual image created by a miniature projector
- the projector 240 creates a beam of rays images that have a set of angles with respect to the projector's own axis z1 in the x and y directions.
- Waveguide - a device in the form of a channel, pipe, rod, etc., designed to propagate sound or electromagnetic waves.
- This technical solution which is a device, may consist of three elements.
- the waveguide is flat or curved optical glass or plastic. Curved glass is used to improve the ergonomics of the device, in the same way as the curved lenses of ordinary glasses follow the shape of the profile of the face and eyes, or as curved glasses are used in aircraft windows, while technically the curved augmented reality waveguide is more difficult to implement.
- Diffractive components in some implementations can either be created directly in the glass body by structuring its surface, top or bottom (for example, by applying a mask and subsequent etching), or in the bulk of the waveguide.
- a diffraction grating is created in the bulk of the waveguide, it is necessary to first create a diffraction grating on the surface of one glass and then connect (for example, by gluing or welding) to the second glass.
- a functional optical coating is applied to the glass surface (for example, a layer of SiN or TiO2 is deposited), a diffractive structure is then created in this coating, for example, by the same etching.
- the functional coating can be multi-layered and consist of several layers.
- the diffractive structure can also be created in functional layer sandwiched between two glasses. First, a layer is applied to one of the glasses, then a diffractive structure is etched in the layer, then this glass is connected (for example, by gluing or welding) with the second glass. With this bonding, the etched voids can be filled with a material with a refractive index different from that of glass, so that the surface is once again flat and smooth, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8.
- Such material in some implementations may be, for example, Si02, ZnO, or GaP. You can swap materials, use Si02, ZnO, GaP for optical coating, and SiN and TiO2 for filling voids.
- any arbitrary combination of the listed materials can be used, as long as the refractive index of the selected materials differs from each other.
- Metals such as AI, Pt, Au can also be used, either in combination with the above materials or on their own.
- the thickness of the sprayed layer to fill the voids may be greater than the depth of the voids, i.e. the material fills the voids and still forms an additional layer on top. This is necessary because when spraying, voids may not be filled evenly, and if you spray a thicker layer, then in the end it will level the surface.
- both the functional layer and the void-filling material may be multi-layered. Each of the layers can have an arbitrary thickness and consist of one of the above materials or any other material suitable for creating optical components.
- the diffractive components may be generated on both surfaces of the waveguide.
- the design of the diffractive components created on the upper surface of the waveguide may differ from the design of the diffractive components created on the lower surface of the waveguide.
- extended functionality and flexibility in the implementation of the end device is achieved, since the optical response device, created by the diffractive components on the upper surface of the waveguide, is complemented by the optical response generated by the diffractive components on the lower surface of the waveguide.
- the diffractive elements can be created by performing a holographic recording of the desired optical response in a holographic coating deposited on the waveguide surface or embedded in the volume of the waveguide.
- the optical response of the holographic diffraction grating is achieved by spatially modulating the optical properties of the holographic coating (or spatially changing the dielectric and magnetic permeability of the material) and is equivalent/identical to the optical response of the diffraction gratings described below.
- the augmented and combined reality device consists of the following components, as shown schematically in FIG. 2 detailed below:
- a group of diffractive components 210 that inputs image rays into the waveguide and their distribution (hereinafter referred to as the input diffractive element);
- a group of diffractive components 230 that (a) output image beams in the direction of the user's eyes and (b) distribute image beams over the entire volume of the waveguide (2) (hereinafter referred to as the output diffractive element).
- the augmented and combined reality device will be at different angles depending on the position of the user's eye, the upper and lower limit of the angles of the relative position of the device and the user's eyes depends on the specific geometry of the end device (for example, glasses or augmented reality screen).
- the device can be implemented as a transparent screen, for example, in the form of glass installed in the window of a house, car, shop window, or used as a transparent display, for example, at check-in counters.
- the output diffractive element 230 must overlap the area of the user's field of view in which the virtual image is created, otherwise part of the virtual image may be lost.
- FIG. 2 shows the general scheme of the device.
- Geometric shape, relative orientation and distance between the elements 210 and 230 in the x-y plane can be any, i. the angle between the axis of the element 210 and the axis of the element 230 may be arbitrary, which may take, for example, a value of 0 degrees or 30 degrees.
- the ability to change the angle between groups of diffractive components 210 and 230 is necessary to provide flexibility in design ergonomics.
- top view a top view and a side view, i.e., a view of the upper surface of the waveguide 220 and the side), as shown in FIG. 2.
- the top surface faces either the user's eyes or the opposite direction.
- the virtual image will be created by diffraction orders in transmission (i.e., rays are used that, after diffraction, will exit the waveguide 220 into the air), and in the second case, diffraction orders in reflection (i.e., rays are used, which, after diffraction, are reflected back into waveguide 220 and out of waveguide 220 reaching the opposite surface of waveguide 220).
- a miniature image projector 240 may be integrated into the eyeglasses.
- the entrance diffractive element 210 will then be positioned as shown in the second embodiment in FIG. 1, the output diffractive element 230 is positioned in front of the user's eyes.
- this option is more difficult to implement, but such an opportunity is necessary to provide design flexibility and implement such displays that will then be convenient. use in end devices.
- the size of the components of the input diffractive element 210 is selected depending on the size of the image spot produced by the miniature projector 240 and the size and location of the input diffractive element 210. The location and size of the components 310 and 320 (if component 320 is present), as shown in FIG.
- the input diffractive element 210 is chosen so that the image spot incident from the projector 240 overlaps the area of these components (in this case, the projector 240 can be located at an angle to the waveguide 220, i.e. the image spot does not necessarily fall on the waveguide 220 perpendicularly, the direction of incidence is given by two angles - zenith and azimuth (in a spherical coordinate system, and the values can take, for example, 15 and 10 degrees.)
- the size of the output diffractive element 230 is determined by three factors - the size of the image field (created by the projector 240, the larger the image field (other In other words, the range of spread of the angles of the image beams created by the projector 240), the larger the size of the image that the user sees), the distance from the output diffractive element 230 to the user's eyes and the required (or inherent in the design) size of the zone of allowable deviations of the position of the user's eyes from a given central position.
- the size of the output diffractive element 230 may reach, for example, 4x4cm or 4x6cm or 20x20cm or more.
- the eye-to-glass distance is determined by the design of the final device—frame size, etc.
- the center of the output diffractive element 230 may be opposite the user's eye, typically on a line perpendicular to the surface of the waveguide 210, but depending on the ergonomics of the final device, this line may pass at a certain angle.
- the output diffractive element 230 should overlap the area of the user's field of view in which the virtual image is created.
- the output diffractive element 230 occupies the maximum surface area of the screen.
- FIG. 3 An array of diffractive components 210 that inputs and distributes image rays into waveguide 220 is shown in FIG. 3.
- Reference numerals 310, 320, 330, 340 show one-dimensional gratings on the surface of waveguide 220 or embedded in waveguide 220.
- Grating 310 redirects light from miniature projector 240 towards gratings 340 and 330 by diffraction of image rays into the first or second , or higher diffraction orders at an angle greater than the angle of total internal reflection of the waveguide 220.
- the projector 240 projects an image spot onto that region of the surface of the waveguide 220 in which (or under which, in case the components of the input diffraction grating 210 are created on the opposite surface or in volume of the waveguide 220) components of the input diffraction grating 210 are created.
- the image spot is projected onto the components 310 and 320 (if the component 320 is present), the size and geometric shape of the components 310 and 320 can match the size and geometric shape of the image spot.
- the described diffraction gratings can only have a period in a certain range of values.
- component 320 redirects light in the direction of the axis of element 210 by diffracting image rays into first or second or higher diffractive orders at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection of waveguide 220. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- gratings 310 and 320 are aligned and crossed, element 350 simultaneously redirects light from miniature projector 240 towards gratings 340 and 330, as well as towards the axis of element 210.
- This effect is achieved due to the two-dimensional nature of the grating.
- it has diffraction orders both in the directions toward elements 340 and 330 (diffraction wave vector kia and -ki a ) and in the direction of the axis of element 210 (wavelength diffraction vector kie).
- a square diffraction grating has such orders.
- Diffraction gratings 330 and 340 redirect light in the direction of the axis of element 210 by re-diffraction of the image rays into the first or second or higher diffraction orders at an angle greater than the angle of total internal reflection of the waveguide 220.
- Diffraction grating 320 redirects light in the axial direction of element 210 by diffracting image rays into first or second or higher diffraction orders at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection of waveguide 220.
- the direction of the vectors ki 6 and the beam coincide with the direction of the axis of the element 210.
- This relationship determines the period and orientation of the diffraction gratings that make up the input diffractive element. If this requirement is not met, the device will not work. For example, if the refractive index of the waveguide is 1.5.
- the selected working wavelength is 620nm (red).
- the type of diffraction grating for all components is linear.
- the period of the components 310, 320 - 500 nm (in another embodiment, the square grating 320 has a period of 500 nm in both directions).
- the technical solution can also be implemented by using diffraction gratings 310, 320 and only grating 330, no grating 340. In some implementations, the technical solution can also be implemented by using diffraction gratings 310, 320 and grating 340 only, no grating 330.
- the diffraction grating 320 is an optional component in both implementations.
- An implementation is also possible in which element 210 contains only a diffraction grating 320.
- Variants with a reduced number of components are provided for implementation flexibility, since the desired effect is achieved with a smaller number of components.
- the opportunity is provided for the flexibility of positioning the projector 240, which can be located either against the top surface of the waveguide 220 or against the bottom surface. This is necessary to ensure the design flexibility of the end device.
- Element 210 can operate both in reflection mode (image rays first pass through waveguide 220 at an angle less than the angle of total internal reflection before interacting with element 210), and in transmission mode (image rays interact with element 210 at the moment of penetration into waveguide 220).
- FIG. 4 shows an example implementation 220 of a waveguide for propagating image rays.
- the waveguide 220 may be made of glass, plastic, or any other material suitable for making optical components. Depending on the application, this can be, for example, glass or plastic.
- An important indicator of such materials is the refractive index (affects the size of the working field of the virtual image or, in other words, the size of the picture) and transmission over the entire range of visible waves (the absorption of light in the visible range should be minimal), and as well as how even the waveguide 220 is - thickness variations, surface roughness, etc. The smaller the values characterizing the "non-ideality" of the waveguide, the better.
- a host of other mechanical properties, such as hardness, etc. are not important for optical performance, but may be important for the final device.
- Waveguide 220 Light propagates within waveguide 220 by reflecting at an angle greater than the angle of total internal reflection of the material from which waveguide 220 is made.
- the range of angles of incidence on the surface of waveguide 220 would be 42 - 90 degrees, and the angle is measured from the normal to the surface of the waveguide 220.
- Waveguide surfaces 410 and 420 shown in FIG. 4 may be flat and parallel to each other, or bent while remaining parallel, as required for flexibility in the ergonomics of the final device. Planar waveguide 220 is technically easier to implement. Surfaces 410 and 420 can be coated with a functional coating, such as an antireflection coating or a coating that changes the angle of total internal reflection of the surface, to improve the performance and performance of the device. Two examples of such a coating are discussed below, an antireflection coating and a refractive index changing coating. The refractive index determines the working field of the virtual image (image size).
- the refractive index of glass is 1.5, then the field of view is 30 degrees diagonally, the refractive index is 1.8 - the field of view is 50 degrees diagonally.
- the aspect ratio is 16:9 in both cases.
- Anti-reflective coating prevents glare (for example, from the sun or lanterns).
- Another example is a special coating that prevents the output of the image image in the direction “from the user's eyes”.
- the output diffractive element 230 outputs an image in two directions, namely in the directions towards the top and bottom surfaces of the waveguide 220. In this case, the image output in the direction “from the eyes of the user” visible to others, which is undesirable.
- FIG. 5 shows a group of diffractive components 230 that output image beams in the direction of the user's eyes and distribute the image beams over the entire volume of the waveguide 220.
- Element 230 consists of an optical lattice 510 rhombic parquet or artificial graphene 520 (in the sense that this optical lattice repeats the structure of the graphene crystal lattice and consists of hexagonal cells, as shown in Fig. 5).
- the hexagonal shape of both gratings affects the optical response of the grating, namely the direction and intensity of the rays after diffraction from the grating.
- the proposed gratings have a more uniform response compared to other gratings, i.e. the intensity of the diffracted beams has a weaker dependence on the angles of incidence on the grating.
- projector 240 creates a beam of image rays having a set of angles with respect to the projector's own axis z1 (a line through the center of projector 240, typically perpendicular to the surface of waveguide 220) in the x and y directions (as shown in FIG. 10).
- the projector 240 may be from a light source such as light emitting diodes (LED) or laser diodes (SLED) or may be a laser, LCOS or DMD pixel array forming an image, optical elements that enhance and output an image.
- LED light emitting diodes
- SLED laser diodes
- the tinted rays created by the projector 240 fall on the surface of the input grating at a set of angles Dc1 and Ay1 counted from the z1 axis, which determine the working field of the virtual image (image size).
- Dc1 ⁇ 13
- ⁇ réelle1 ⁇ 7.
- the beam of rays interacts with the output grating 230. Since the image rays fall on the output grating under the set of Dc2 and Ay2 counted from the z2 axis, it is important that the intensity of the diffracted angles has a minimal dependence on the angles of incidence Dc2 and Ay2. This ensures maximum image uniformity in color.
- the virtual image consists of beams created by the projector 240 and having a certain spread of angles. Upon entering waveguide 220, this set of angles is converted as described above. Further, all these beams interact with the output diffraction grating 230. Let us set the efficiency function of this interaction as F (Dc2, Ay2).
- the image beam ( ⁇ ) experiences diffraction in direction of the user's eye at an angle less than the angle of total internal reflection of the waveguide 220, thus the image output from the waveguide 220 (and) experiences diffraction in other directions determined by the vectors KA and HF at an angle greater than the angle of total internal reflection of the waveguide 220, thus propagating through the volume waveguide 220.
- the optical grating 510 or 520 may be solid lines. It is possible that the lines of the optical grating 510 or 520 are broken into separate elements of a certain shape (for example, cylindrical, cubic, etc., however, elements of different shapes and sizes can be used), becoming discontinuous, which allows you to control the effectiveness of the diffraction orders.
- a different shape allows you to control the intensity of diffraction orders, which allows you to control the uniformity of the image image in color. Different shapes give different degrees of control, and they can be simpler or more difficult to fabricate. Items can be layered or sloping, such as a pyramid with steps or sloping sides.
- the optical lattice 520 is formed by elements located in the lattice nodes of artificial graphene, completely repeating the crystal structure of graphene.
- Element 230 can be divided into an unlimited number of zones of arbitrary shape and size. In this case, each of the zones contains one of the gratings 510/520.
- Element 230 may be provided on one or both surfaces of waveguide 220 or within its volume as described above.
- FIG. 6 shows a group of diffractive components 230 that output image beams in the direction of the user's eyes and distribute image beams throughout waveguide 220.
- Optical grating 510/520 can be deformed in the manner described below to control the direction and efficiency of diffractive orders. During deformation, the above parameters must be maintained.
- Angle a can be changed within [60°;300°] at a fixed angle b. In this case, the nodes X1 and X2 are displaced symmetrically with respect to the line depicted by the red dotted line in opposite directions by changing the length L.
- the angle b defining the depicted cell of the periodic structure 510 / 520 can be changed within [0°, 90°].
- the angle a changes in accordance with the deformation of the unit cell. Combined deformation is also possible. After changing the angle b to a new value bq and correspondingly changing the angle a, the angle a can be further changed within the new limits [bq, 360° - bq].
- aspects of the present technical solution can be implemented in the form of a device. Accordingly, various aspects of the present technical solution may be implemented solely as hardware, and some as software (including application software and so on) or alternatively. implementation that combines software and hardware aspects, which may be generally referred to as a "module”, “system”, or “architecture”. In addition, aspects of the present technical solution may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-readable media having computer-readable program code embodied thereon.
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20100321781A1 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-12-23 | Nokia Corporation | Device for expanding an exit pupil in two dimensions |
US20140140653A1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Transparent waveguide display |
US20170034435A1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Tuomas Vallius | Diffractive optical element using crossed grating for pupil expansion |
CN106680910A (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种阵列光栅激发的石墨烯表面消色散Airy光束发生器 |
RU2719568C1 (ru) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-04-21 | Самсунг Электроникс Ко., Лтд. | Устройство дополненной реальности и способ его функционирования |
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- 2020-07-09 RU RU2020122777A patent/RU2747680C1/ru active
- 2020-07-23 WO PCT/RU2020/000377 patent/WO2022010375A1/ru active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20100321781A1 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-12-23 | Nokia Corporation | Device for expanding an exit pupil in two dimensions |
US20140140653A1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Transparent waveguide display |
US20170034435A1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Tuomas Vallius | Diffractive optical element using crossed grating for pupil expansion |
CN106680910A (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种阵列光栅激发的石墨烯表面消色散Airy光束发生器 |
RU2719568C1 (ru) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-04-21 | Самсунг Электроникс Ко., Лтд. | Устройство дополненной реальности и способ его функционирования |
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