WO2021254004A1 - 换相开关 - Google Patents

换相开关 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021254004A1
WO2021254004A1 PCT/CN2021/091369 CN2021091369W WO2021254004A1 WO 2021254004 A1 WO2021254004 A1 WO 2021254004A1 CN 2021091369 W CN2021091369 W CN 2021091369W WO 2021254004 A1 WO2021254004 A1 WO 2021254004A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
commutation switch
phase
commutation
switch
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/091369
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
南寅
沈迪
王文涛
任庆庆
董郁
朱金保
Original Assignee
天津首瑞智能电气有限公司
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Application filed by 天津首瑞智能电气有限公司 filed Critical 天津首瑞智能电气有限公司
Publication of WO2021254004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021254004A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of low-voltage electrical appliances, in particular to an unbalanced commutation switch applied to a three-phase load.
  • the commutation switch As a typical application to solve the three-phase imbalance problem, the commutation switch has been applied more and more.
  • the existing commutation switch with three-phase incoming and one-phase outgoing uses three electromagnets to drive three sets of moving and static contacts.
  • the switch disclosed in this patent uses three electromagnets and three sets of moving and static contacts to achieve three-way incoming and one outgoing commutation; as shown in Figure 2, the Chinese patent 201821456019.7, It adopts electromagnet to drive the rotary plug-in contact to realize three-way incoming line and one outgoing line commutation.
  • the technologies of the above two patents both switch the full current of the phase line to the other phase line during the commutation operation. This switching method often causes the current of the other phase line to be too high, causing the new current to be inadequate. Balance is not conducive to the balanced switching of the three-phase current of the system; in the case of a three-phase load, such as a three-phase motor, the full current switching of the above two patents will cause the phase sequence of the motor to change, which will cause the motor to reverse or stop, causing The motor heats up and brings mechanical and electrical shocks at the same time, causing the motor to break the shaft and burn out. In severe cases, it will cause equipment damage and production economic losses.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a commutation switch, which can effectively overcome the above problems.
  • a commutation switch includes an insulating shell, a power input terminal, a power output terminal, at least one movable contact, and at least two static contacts.
  • the power input terminal includes a first power input terminal and a second power input terminal.
  • the power outlet end includes a first power outlet end and a second power outlet end.
  • the second power inlet end is electrically connected to the second power outlet end via a static contact and a movable contact.
  • the first power input terminal is directly electrically connected to the first power output terminal, and the first power output terminal and the second power output terminal are insulated from each other.
  • the first power input terminal and the first power output terminal are electrically connected through a first conductive member, and the first conductive member is disposed inside or outside the insulating housing.
  • the commutation switch may further include at least one electric driving device, and the electric driving device may include an energy storage mechanism, a transmission mechanism, and a power device.
  • the power device may be a motor or an electromagnetic mechanism.
  • the commutation switch is provided with at least one electronic controller.
  • the commutation switch is provided with a wired or wireless communication module.
  • the commutation switch is provided with at least one current sensor and/or at least one voltage acquisition module.
  • the movable contact may be a single break point type or a double break point type.
  • the commutation switch is provided with a manual operating mechanism.
  • the manual operating mechanism may include a dial and a handle.
  • the load value carried on the outlet end of the first power supply and the outlet end of the second power supply increases or decreases according to the load demand.
  • one or more non-through power sources of the commutation switch can switch 220V voltage; the through power source of the commutation switch can switch 380V or 220V voltage.
  • the outlet end of one power source by setting the outlet end of one power source to be directly connected to the inlet end of one power source, the outlet end of the other power source is connected and disconnected with the multiple power inlet ends through dynamic and static contacts to complete the automatic commutation, and the current is automatically completed.
  • the load distribution can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the load under the two power outlets can be manually installed and adjusted, so as to realize the load distribution of the two power outlets with different proportions.
  • the load under the two power outlets can be manually installed and adjusted, so as to realize the load distribution of the two power outlets with different proportions.
  • it can realize the three-phase balance of the current manually, and on the other hand, it can only convert part of the current when commutation, which effectively avoids the problem of another phase current overload caused by switching all the currents, and is more conducive to achieving phase-to-phase current balance.
  • the through power supply set on each power switching device can be set to the different phases of A, B, and C of the three-phase power supply.
  • the direct A, B, and C will not move to change the phase sequence, so as to avoid the motor reversal caused by the change of the phase sequence of the three-phase load caused by the commutation action.
  • the problem is to ensure that the three-phase load still works normally during the commutation operation.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a commutation switch according to the background art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a commutation switch according to another background technology.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of a commutation switch according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of a commutation switch provided with a transfer row according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single-pole internal structure layout of a commutation switch according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a driving structure of a commutation switch according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the energy storage unit of the commutation switch and the movable contact according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a manual operating mechanism of a phase commutation switch according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnet drive structure of a phase commutation switch according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another manual operating mechanism of a phase commutation switch according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the movable contact structure of the commutation switch according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application discloses a phase commutation switch 100.
  • the phase commutation switch 100 includes one or more power switching devices.
  • the number of power switching devices is There are three power switching devices.
  • the power switching device includes a first power switching device 200, a second power switching device 300, and a third power switching device 400.
  • the first power switching device 200, the second power switching device 300, and the third power source The switching device 400 is sequentially arranged along the width direction of the commutation switch 100, that is, the X-axis direction shown in FIG. 3, and the first power switching device 200, the second power switching device 300, and the third power switching device 400 have the same structure
  • the power switching device further includes a power inlet 500 and a power outlet 600.
  • the power inlet 500 includes a power inlet 510, a power inlet 520, and a power inlet 530.
  • the power outlet 600 includes a power outlet 610, a power outlet 620, and a power outlet 630.
  • the power inlet 510 and the power outlet 610 correspond to the first power switching device 200, and the power inlet 520
  • the power outlet 620 corresponds to the second power switching device 300
  • the power inlet 530 and the power outlet 630 correspond to the third power switching device 400.
  • the power outlet 610, the power outlet 620, and the power outlet 630 have the same structure.
  • the power inlet 510, the power inlet 520, and the power inlet 530 have the same structure.
  • the commutation switch 100 may include one or more power switching devices, and is not limited to three. In this embodiment, the number of the power switching devices is three, and multiple power switching devices have the same structure. Taking the first power switching device 200 as an example, the commutation switch will be described in detail as follows.
  • the first power switching device 200 is provided with an insulating housing 210, a power inlet 510, a power outlet 610, at least one movable contact 220, and at least two One static contact 230, at least one electric drive device 240, and at least one electronic controller 250.
  • the moving contact 220, the static contact 230, the electric drive device 240, and the electronic controller 250 are all arranged in the insulating housing
  • the power input terminal 510 includes a first power input terminal 510A and a second power input terminal 510B.
  • the first power input terminal 510A and the second power input terminal 510B correspond to phase A and phase B, respectively.
  • the power outlet 610 includes a first power outlet 610A, and the first power inlet 510A and the second power inlet 510B of the power inlet 510 are along the height direction of the commutation switch 100.
  • the Y-axis directions shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 are arranged in sequence and longitudinally, and the power inlet ends of the corresponding phases of adjacent power switching devices are along the width direction of the commutation switch 100, that is, the X-axis direction shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 Correspondingly arranged in sequence, and the power input terminals or power output terminals of the corresponding phases of adjacent power switching devices are respectively insulated from each other.
  • the corresponding phases of the first power inlet 510A and the second power inlet 510B may be other phase poles, for example, the first power inlet 510A may Corresponding to phase B or phase C, the second power input terminal 510B can correspond to phase A or phase C, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and the foregoing description is only for the convenience of clear description of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the seventh power input terminal 530A of the input terminal 530 is arranged in a corresponding order along the width direction of the commutation switch 100 and connected in parallel with each other.
  • the second power input terminal 510B of the power input terminal 510, the The fifth power input terminal 520B of the power input terminal 520 and the eighth power input terminal 530B of the power input terminal 530 are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the commutation switch 100 and are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the power inlet 510 may further include a third power inlet 510C
  • the power inlet 520 may further include a sixth power inlet 520C
  • the terminal 530 may also include a ninth power input terminal 530C, the third power input terminal 510C, the sixth power input terminal 520C, and the ninth power input terminal 530C respectively correspond to the phase C of the corresponding power switching device, so
  • the third power inlet 510C, the sixth power inlet 520C, and the ninth power inlet 530C are connected in parallel, and the third power inlet 510C, the sixth power inlet 520C, and the ninth power inlet 530C are connected in parallel.
  • the line ends 530C are arranged in order along the width direction of the phase change switch 100, and the first power supply line end 510A, the second power supply line end 510B, and the third power supply line end 510C are arranged along the changeover switch 100.
  • the height direction of the phase switch 100 that is, the Y-axis direction, is arranged longitudinally in sequence, and the fourth power input terminal 520A, the fifth power input terminal 520B, and the sixth power input terminal 520C are along the height direction of the commutation switch 100.
  • the Y-axis direction is sequentially arranged longitudinally, and the seventh power input terminal 530A, the eighth power input terminal 530B, and the ninth power input terminal 530C are arranged longitudinally in sequence along the height direction of the commutation switch 100, that is, the Y-axis direction.
  • the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase of the power input terminal 510, the power input terminal 520, or the power input terminal 530 are arranged longitudinally and sequentially along the height direction of the commutation switch 100, and the power input The terminal 510, the phase A of the power input terminal 520 and the power input terminal 530, the power input terminal 510, the power input terminal 520 and the B phase of the power input terminal 530, the power input terminal 510, The phase C of the power input terminal 520 and the power input terminal 530 are arranged correspondingly along the width direction of the commutation switch 100 respectively.
  • the power outlet 600 may also include a second power outlet 610B.
  • the first power switching device 200, the second power switching device 300, and the third power switching device 400 may also be in sequence along the length direction of the commutation switch 100, as shown in FIG. 3 Or the Z-axis direction or the height direction shown in FIG. 4 is assembled in the Y-axis direction shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4; in this embodiment, the first power switching device 200, the second power switching device 300, and The third power switching device 400 is arranged in sequence along the width direction of the commutation switch 100.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the first power switching device 200 , When the second power switching device 300 and the third power switching device 400 are assembled in the width direction in sequence, the width of the entire commutation switch is the smallest and the height does not exceed 115mm. A plurality of the power switching devices are spliced in the width direction. Compared with the multiple power switching devices arranged in other directions, the lateral size is the smallest, and it is also the easiest arrangement to realize the phase-to-phase parallel connection. It occupies the smallest cabinet space, does not need to redesign the cabinet, and the phase change switch is small in size and small in material consumption. ,lower the cost.
  • the commutation switch 100 may also be integrated, that is, the first power switching device 200, the second power switching device 200, and the third power switching device 400 are arranged in the same insulating housing and insulated from each other.
  • the same technical effect can be achieved, which is not limited here.
  • a connecting row 700 may be further provided outside the phase commutation switch 100, and the connecting row 700 may include a phase A connecting row 710, a phase B connecting row 720, and a phase C Connecting row 730, the A-phase connecting row 710 is connected to the first power inlet 510A, the fourth power inlet 520A, and the seventh power inlet 530A, and the B-phase connecting row 720 is connected to the second The power input terminal 510B, the fifth power input terminal 520B and the eighth power input terminal 530B, the C-phase connecting row 730 is connected to the third power input terminal 510C, the sixth power input terminal 520C and the ninth power input terminal 510C.
  • the power input terminal 530C realizes the parallel connection of the corresponding phase poles of the adjacent power switching devices.
  • An adapter row 800 may also be connected to the outside of the connecting row 700, and the adapter row 800 may include an A-phase adapter row 810, a B-phase adapter row 820, and a C-phase adapter row 830.
  • the A-phase adapter row One end of the adapter bar 810 is electrically connected to the A-phase connecting bar 710, one end of the B-phase adapter bar 820 is electrically connected to the B-phase connecting bar 720, and one end of the C-phase adapter bar 830 is electrically connected to the The C-phase connection bar 730 is electrically connected, and the other ends of the A-phase conversion bar 810, the B-phase conversion bar 820, and the C-phase conversion bar 830 are respectively connected to the upper phase line, compared with each power switching device The multiple power inlet terminals are connected in parallel to the upper-level phase wires respectively.
  • This setting method has simple wiring, low cost, saves a large number of wiring rows, occupies a small cabinet space, and has a simple structure
  • a first conductive element 260 is provided in the first power switching device 200, one end of the first conductive element 260 is connected to any one of the power input terminals 510, and the other end is connected to the power output Any outlet terminal of the end 610 is connected.
  • one end of the first conductive member 260 is electrically connected to the first power inlet end 510A, and the other end is connected to the first power outlet end 610A. In this way, one of the poles of the first power switching device 200 can be directly connected.
  • the advantage of this configuration is that one power outlet is directly connected to a power inlet, and the other power outlet is connected to multiple power sources through dynamic and static contacts.
  • the inlet end is connected and disconnected to realize the commutation action.
  • the load value carried by the first power outlet end 610A and the second power outlet end 610B can be increased or decreased according to the load demand, such as the distribution in the actual station area.
  • the first power outlet 610A and the second power outlet 610B are each equipped with five household electric meters. Assuming that the electrical load power of each household is the same, the first power outlet 610A and the The second power outlet 610B each carries 50% of the load current.
  • the first power outlet 610A carries 20% of the load current
  • the second power outlet 610B carries the remaining 80% of the load current.
  • other load ratios can also be used, depending on actual needs. Adjust the load. This setting can realize the three-phase balance of the current manually, on the other hand, it can only convert part of the current during the commutation, which effectively avoids the problem of the current overload of the other phase caused by switching all the currents, and is more conducive to achieving phase-to-phase. Current balance.
  • the other one or more non-through power sources of the commutation switch 100 can output a voltage of 220V when used in conjunction with the neutral or neutral line of the power distribution system; in addition, the commutation switch 100 is provided with three power switching devices
  • the direct power supply set on each power switching device can be set to different phases of the three-phase power supply, for example, when the direct power supply of the first power switching device 200 corresponds to phase A, the second power supply The through power supplies of the switching device 300 and the third power switching device 400 correspond to phases B and C, respectively, and the through power supplies of the second power switching device 300 and the third power switching device 400 cannot correspond to the same phase,
  • the direct power supplies of the first power switching device 200, the second power switching device 300, and the third power switching device 400 can be used to output a voltage of 380V; when the first power switching device 200 and the second power switching device 400 Any one of the device 300 and the third power switching device 400 can output a voltage of 220V when used in conjunction with the neutral or neutral line of the power distribution system
  • Phase motors, etc., during the commutation operation the through A, B, and C will not change the phase sequence, so as to avoid the commutation action caused by the three-phase load phase sequence change caused by the motor reverse and other problems, so as to ensure the commutation During operation, the three-phase load still works normally.
  • the first conductive member 260 may be arranged inside the insulating housing 210.
  • the first conductive member 260 may also be arranged outside the insulating housing 210.
  • the electric drive device 240 includes an energy storage mechanism 241, a transmission mechanism 242, and a power device 243.
  • the power device 243 provides power and transmits the driving force to the drive through the transmission mechanism 242.
  • the energy storage mechanism 241 and the transmission mechanism 242 are rotatably connected with the energy storage mechanism 241 and the power device 243 respectively.
  • the power device 243 is a motor
  • the transmission mechanism 242 is a gear transmission mechanism and is connected to the drive shaft of the motor
  • the transmission mechanism 242 and the energy storage mechanism 241 are between Gear transmission.
  • the driving wheel of the transmission mechanism 242 rotates and drives the driven wheel of the energy storage mechanism 241 to rotate, thereby driving the energy storage mechanism 241 to rotate.
  • the energy storage mechanism 241 is connected to the movable contact 220. When the energy storage mechanism 241 rotates, the movable contact 220 can be driven to rotate, so as to realize the power switching of the phase commutation switch 100.
  • the power device 243 may also be an electromagnetic mechanism.
  • the power device 243 includes an electromagnet 243a and a guide rod 243b.
  • the electromagnet 243a provides power.
  • the guide rod 243b is hingedly connected with the electromagnet 243a, and can drive the transmission mechanism 242 to rotate to a certain angle, thereby realizing the action of the driving device 240.
  • one end of the static contact 230 of the first power switching device 200 is electrically connected to the power inlet end 510, and the other end can be in contact with the movable contact 220 Or disconnected, the number of the static contacts 230 is the same as the number of the incoming terminals of the power incoming terminal 510, and they are electrically connected to the plurality of incoming terminals of the power incoming terminal 510, namely:
  • the static contact 230 and the multiple inlet terminals of the power inlet 510 are respectively correspondingly arranged along the height direction of the phase change switch 100.
  • the number of the static contacts 230 is 3, which are respectively set corresponding to the first power inlet end 510A, the second power inlet end 510B, and the third power inlet end 510C. In the specific implementation manner, there may also be two static contacts 230.
  • the moving contact 220 of the first power switching device 200 is rotatably connected to the insulating housing 210, and is connected to the energy storage mechanism 241 through the mandrel 221, and the moving contact rod of the moving contact 220
  • One end of 222 is provided with a first movable contact.
  • the driving device 240 the movable contact 220 can rotate around the core shaft 221, and can switch between the plurality of static contacts 230 , To realize the commutation operation of the commutation switch.
  • the movement trajectory of the movable contact 220 is consistent with the arrangement directions of the first power inlet 510A, the second power inlet 510B, and the third power inlet 510C of the power inlet 510, namely:
  • the moving track of the movable contact 220 is to rotate up and down along the height direction of the phase change switch 100.
  • the movable contact 220 may be a single-breakpoint contact or a double-breakpoint contact.
  • the other end of the movable contact rod 222 Connect to any outlet terminal of the power outlet 610 through a flexible conductor, that is, the other end of the movable contact rod 222 can be connected to the first power outlet 610A or the second power outlet 610B through a flexible conductor .
  • a second movable contact that is arranged asymmetrically with the first movable contact is provided at the other end of the movable contact rod 222 , That is: the distance A1 between the rotation center of the first movable contact and the movable contact 220 is not equal to the distance A2 between the second movable contact and the rotation center of the movable contact 220 At this time, as shown in FIG.
  • the first power switching unit 200 further includes a conversion static contact 270, one end of the conversion static contact 270 is provided with the second movable contact
  • the static contact of the conversion static contact 270 and the static contact of the static contact 240 are arranged on both sides of the core shaft 221, and are distributed symmetrically or asymmetrically about the axis of the core shaft 221,
  • the other end of the conversion static contact 270 is electrically connected to the first power outlet terminal 610 through a second conductive member 280.
  • the second movable contact provided at the other end of the movable contact rod 222 may also be symmetrical to the first movable contact, that is, the first movable contact and the movable contact
  • the distance A1 between the rotation centers of the head 220 is equal to the distance A2 between the second movable contact and the rotation center of the movable contact 220, and the same technical effect can be achieved, which is not limited here.
  • the movable contact 220 compared to the single-breakpoint structure, the movable contact 220 adopts the double-breakpoint form, which has the beneficial effect of being more conducive to breaking and extinguishing the arc and ensuring the reliable use of the switch.
  • the first power switching device 200 may also be provided with a manual operating mechanism 240a.
  • the manual operating mechanism 240a may include a turntable 241a and a handle 242a.
  • the turntable 241a is provided on the motor.
  • the handle 242a and the turntable 241a are detachably fixedly connected, and the turntable 241a is sleeved on the motor , And fixedly connected with the transmission mechanism 242.
  • the handle 242a drives the turntable 241a, the turntable 241a drives the transmission mechanism 242 to move, the transmission mechanism 242 is transmitted to the energy storage mechanism 241, and the energy storage mechanism 241 is driven by the mandrel 221
  • the moving contact 220 and the conversion static contact 270 and the static contact 230 are quickly disconnected or connected, thereby completing the manual commutation action.
  • the operating mechanism 240b may include a rotating shaft 241b.
  • One end of the rotating shaft 241b extends into the core shaft 242b, and the other end is provided with an inner hexagonal hole or other polygonal or special-shaped holes.
  • an external tool such as a wrench is used to move the hole at the end of the rotating shaft 241b, and the rotating shaft 241b starts to rotate, thereby driving the core shaft 242b of the energy storage unit 230 to rotate, thereby realizing the core
  • the shaft 242b drives the execution unit 230 to rotate, so as to realize the commutation operation.
  • the hexagonal inner hole, other polygonal or special-shaped holes provided at the end of the rotating shaft 241b can also be replaced with convex hexagonal, other polygonal or special-shaped columnar structures.
  • the corresponding tool can also realize the commutation operation.
  • the first power switching device 200 may also be provided with a first current transformer 290, a second current transformer 290a, and a third current transformer 290b.
  • the current transformer 290 is set on the power input terminal 510A corresponding to the through power supply of the first power switching device 200, and is used to detect the current information flowing through the corresponding main power input terminal.
  • the device 290a is sleeved on the power outlet terminal corresponding to the first conductive member 260 for detecting the current information flowing through the corresponding power inlet terminal
  • the third current transformer 290b is sleeved on the non-direct power circuit Above, at the outlet terminal corresponding to the non-straight-through power circuit or on the second conductive member 280.
  • the first current transformer 290, the second current transformer 290a, and the third current transformer 290b may be metering transformers. Of course, in other feasible embodiments, they may also be non-metering transformers, which are not limited here.
  • the first power switching device 200 may also be provided with an electronic controller 250.
  • the first current transformer 290 and the second current transformer 290a The third current transformer 290b and the third current transformer 290b can transmit the collected current information to the electronic controller 250, and the electronic controller 250 judges the current imbalance based on the received current information, and issues a commutation instruction.
  • the electronic controller 250 may also include a voltage acquisition module, which may provide a voltage signal for the electronic controller 200 to calculate power, energy consumption and other information.
  • the first power switching device 200 may also be provided with a communication module and an intelligent distribution transformer control terminal.
  • the intelligent distribution transformer control terminal uses modern digital signal processing technology to realize distribution transformer status monitoring and load imbalance. Highly integrated and intelligent control terminal for control strategy, reactive power compensation control, report form, metering, and remote system communication.
  • the electronic controller can control the communication module to send relevant information to the intelligent distribution transformer control terminal, so that the intelligent distribution transformer control terminal understands the state and load of the power switching device in real time, calculates the three-phase unbalance degree, and makes a load control strategy And send out the control command, the communication module transmits the control command to the electronic controller to perform the commutation action on the power switching device to achieve the three-phase balance of the load.
  • the communication module can adopt wireless communication or wired communication, and the wireless communication can include Bluetooth, infrared, Wifi, BLE, ZigBee, GPRS, 4G, 5G, NB-IoT or LoRa, and the wired communication method may include RS485, LAN, CAN, DeviceNet, Profibus or HPLC, etc.
  • the power switching process of the first power switching device 200 is described in detail as follows:
  • the electronic controller 250 judges the current imbalance according to the received current information and issues a commutation command.
  • the motor starts to rotate after receiving the command, and is transmitted to the energy storage mechanism 241 through the transmission mechanism 242.
  • the energy mechanism 241 drives the movable contact 220 and the conversion static contact 270 and the static contact 230 to quickly disconnect or connect through the core shaft 221.
  • the energy storage mechanism 241 immediately releases energy after a single energy storage to realize quick closing and quick splitting, and no locking mechanism to store energy, that is, the so-called non-pre-stored energy storage mechanism.
  • the energy storage mechanism 241 may be a pre-energy storage operating mechanism, that is, after the energy is stored, there is a dedicated locking mechanism to store the energy, and the energy can be instantly released by the trigger mechanism when the energy is released. , To achieve faster action.
  • the second power switching device 300, the third power switching device 400 and the first power switching device 200 have the same structure, and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the number of power switching devices can be adjusted according to actual conditions, or two.
  • the outlet end of one power source is directly connected to the inlet end of the power source, and the outlet end of the other power source is connected and disconnected with the multiple power inlet ends through the dynamic and static contacts to complete automatic commutation, and automatically complete the three-phase current. balance.
  • the embodiment of the present application can adjust the load distribution according to actual needs by setting two outlet ends of the power supply, and manually install and adjust the load under the outlet ends of the two power sources, so as to achieve different proportions of load distribution at the outlet ends of the two power sources.
  • the three-phase current balance can be completed manually.
  • the through power supply provided on each power switching device can be set to the different phases of A, B, and C of the three-phase power supply, which can be used for Three-phase loads such as three-phase motors, etc., during the commutation operation, the direct A, B, and C will not move to change the phase sequence, so as to avoid the problem of motor reverse rotation caused by the commutation action caused by the three-phase load phase sequence change. , To ensure that the three-phase load still works normally during the commutation operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种换相开关，包括绝缘外壳、电源进线端、电源出线端，至少一个动触头、至少二个静触头，所述电源进线端包括第一电源进线端和第二电源进线端，所述电源出线端包括第一电源出线端和第二电源出线端，所述第二电源进线端经静触头、动触头与所述第二电源出线端电连接，所述第一电源进线端与第一电源出线端直接电连接,所述第一电源出线端和第二电源出线端相互绝缘。本申请的换相开关通过设置一路电源出线端与一路电源进线端直通，可以实现在换相时只转换部分电流，更有利于达成相间电流平衡。

Description

换相开关
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年06月18日提交的名称为“一种换相开关”的中国专利申请202010560443.1的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种低压电器领域，具体涉及一种应用于三相负荷不平衡换相开关。
背景技术
我国目前的低压配电三相四线制电网中，单相负荷占多数，这些单相负荷由于实际应用情况及时间分布存在较大的不规律性，造成电网存在较严重的三相电流不平衡问题，容易引起单相电流或者中心线过大，增加线路及变压器的铜损和铁损，导致线路过载或短路，甚至导致线缆高温起火引起火灾事故，不利于供电安全。
换相开关作为解决三相不平衡问题的一种典型应用已得到越来越多的应用，现有的三相进线一相出线的换相开关多采用三个电磁铁驱动三组动静触头，如图1所示的中国专利201610916682.X，该专利公开的开关采用三个电磁铁及三组动静触头实现三路进线、一路出线换相；如图2所示的中国专利201821456019.7，其采用电磁铁驱动旋转***式触头实现三路进线、一路出线换相。上述两个专利的技术在进行换相动作时，均是将相线的全电流切换至另一相线，这种切换方式往往会带来另一相线的电流过高，造成新的电流不平衡，不利于***三相电流的平衡切换；在有三相负载的场合，如三相电动机，上述两个专利的全电流切换将导致电动机的相序改变，会引起电机反转或停转，使得电机发热，同时带来机械和电气冲 击，造成电机断轴、烧损，严重的话会带来设备损坏及生产经济损失。
发明内容
基于上述背景，本申请的目的是提供一种换相开关，可有效克服上述问题。
本申请的目的通过如下技术方案实现：
一种换相开关，包括绝缘外壳、电源进线端、电源出线端，至少一个动触头、至少二个静触头，所述电源进线端包括第一电源进线端和第二电源进线端，所述电源出线端包括第一电源出线端和第二电源出线端，所述第二电源进线端经静触头、动触头与所述第二电源出线端电连接，所述第一电源进线端与第一电源出线端直接电连接，所述第一电源出线端和第二电源出线端相互绝缘。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电源进线端与所述第一电源出线端通过第一导电件电连接，所述第一导电件设置在所述绝缘外壳内部或外部。
在一些实施例中，所述换相开关还可以包括至少一个电的驱动装置，所述电的驱动装置可以包括储能机构、传动机构和动力装置。
在一些实施例中，所述动力装置可以为电机或电磁机构。
在一些实施例中，所述换相开关设置有至少一个电子控制器。
在一些实施例中，所述换相开关设置有有线或无线通信模块。
在一些实施例中，所述换相开关设置有至少一个电流传感器和/或至少一个电压采集模块。
在一些实施例中，所述的动触头可以为单断点型或双断点型。
在一些实施例中，所述换相开关设置有手动操作机构。
在一些实施例中，所述手动操作机构可以包括转盘和手柄。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电源出线端与所述第二电源出线端上承载的负荷值根据负载需求增加或减少。
在一些实施例中，所述换相开关的一路或多路非直通电源可切换220V电压；所述换相开关的直通电源可切换380V或220V的电压。
根据本申请的实施例，通过设置一路电源出线端与一路电源进线端直 通，另一路电源出线端通过动静触头与多路电源进线端接通与分断完成自动换相，自动完成电流的三相平衡。
此外，根据本申请的实施例，通过设置两路电源出线端，可根据实际需求调整负载分配，将两路电源出线端下的负载手工安装调整，从而实现两路电源出线端不同比例的负荷分布，一方面可以实现手动完成电流的三相平衡，另一方面可在换相时只转换部分电流，有效的避免出现切换全部电流后造成的另一相电流超载的问题，更有利于达成相间电流平衡。
此外，根据本申请的实施例，换相开关在设置三个电源切换装置时，每个电源切换装置上设置的直通的电源可分别设定为三相电源的A、B、C不同相，可用于三相负载如三相电动机等，在换相动作时，直通的A、B、C不会动作改变相序，从而避免换相动作造成三相负载相序改变后带来的电动机反转等问题，保证换相动作时，三相负载仍然正常工作。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施方式或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为根据背景技术的换相开关的结构示意图。
图2为根据另一背景技术的换相开关的结构示意图。
图3为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的总体布局示意图。
图4为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的设有转接排总体布局示意图。
图5为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的单极内部结构布局示意图。
图6为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的驱动结构示意图。
图7为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的储能单元与动触头连接方式结构示意图。
图8为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的手动操作机构结构示意图。
图9为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的电磁铁驱动结构示意图。
图10为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的另一手动操作机构结构示意图。
图11为根据本申请实施例的换相开关的动触头结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。在下面的详细描述中，提出了许多具体细节，以便提供对本申请的全面理解。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。本申请决不限于下面所提出的任何具体配置，而是在不脱离本申请的精神的前提下覆盖了元素、部件任何修改、替换和改进。在附图和下面的描述中，没有示出公知的结构和技术，以便避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊。
为便于描述，下文所提到的长、宽和高的方向分别与图3或图4所示的Z、X和Y的方向相对应，需要说明的是，上述指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
需要说明的是，下文指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
如图3和图4所示，本申请实施例公开了一种换相开关100，所述换相开关100包括一个或多个电源切换装置，在本实施例中，所述电源切换装置的数量为三个，所述电源切换装置包括第一电源切换装置200、第二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400，所述第一电源切换装置200、第 二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400沿所述换相开关100的宽度方向即图3所示的X轴方向依次设置，且所述第一电源切换装置200、第二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400结构相同，所述电源切换装置还包括电源进线端500和电源出线端600，所述电源进线端500包括电源进线端510、电源进线端520和电源进线端530，所述电源出线端600包括电源出线端610、电源出线端620和电源出线端630，所述电源进线端510和所述电源出线端610与所述第一电源切换装置200相对应，所述电源进线端520和所述电源出线端620与所述第二电源切换装置300相对应，所述电源进线端530和所述电源出线端630与所述第三电源切换装置400相对应。所述电源出线端610、电源出线端620和电源出线端630的结构相同，所述电源进线端510、电源进线端520和电源进线端530的结构相同，需要说明的是，所述换相开关100可包括一个或多个电源切换装置，不限于三个，在本实施例中，所述电源切换装置的数量为三个，多个电源切换装置的结构相同。下面以第一电源切换装置200为例，对所述换相开关详细说明如下。
具体的，请参考图3、图4和图5所示，所述第一电源切换装置200设置有绝缘外壳210、电源进线端510、电源出线端610、至少一个动触头220、至少二个静触头230、至少一个电的驱动装置240、至少一个电子控制器250，所述动触头220、静触头230、电的驱动装置240、电子控制器250均设于所述绝缘外壳210内，所述电源进线端510包括第一电源进线端510A和第二电源进线端510B，所述第一电源进线端510A和第二电源进线端510B分别对应A相和B相，所述电源出线端610包括第一电源出线端610A，所述电源进线端510的第一电源进线端510A和第二电源进线端510B沿所述换相开关100的高度方向即图3或图4所示的Y轴方向依次纵向排列，且相邻电源切换装置对应相的电源进线端沿所述换相开关100的宽度方向即图3或图4所示的X轴方向对应依次排列设置，且相邻电源切换装置对应相的电源进线端或电源出线端之间分别相互绝缘。需要说明的是，在其他的实施例中，所述第一电源进线端510A和第二电源进线端510B的对应相可以是其他相极，如：所述第一电源进线端510A可对应B 相或C相，第二电源进线端510B可对应A相或C相，本申请实施例对此不做限制，上述描述仅是为了便于清楚的阐述本申请实施例。
具体的，如图4所示，在本实施例中，所述电源进线端510的第一电源进线端510A、所述电源进线端520的第四电源进线端520A和所述电源进线端530的第七电源进线端530A沿所述换相开关100的宽度方向对应依次排列设置，且彼此并联连接，所述电源进线端510的第二电源进线端510B、所述电源进线端520的第五电源进线端520B和所述电源进线端530的第八电源进线端530B沿所述换相开关100的宽度方向依次排列设置，且彼此并联连接。
进一步的，在本实施例中，所述电源进线端510还可以包括第三电源进线端510C，所述电源进线端520还可以包括第六电源进线端520C，所述电源进线端530还可以包括第九电源进线端530C，所述第三电源进线端510C、第六电源进线端520C和第九电源进线端530C分别对应其相应电源切换装置的C相，所述第三电源进线端510C、第六电源进线端520C和第九电源进线端530C并联连接，且所述第三电源进线端510C、第六电源进线端520C和第九电源进线端530C沿所述换相开关100的宽度方向依次排列设置，所述第一电源进线端510A、所述第二电源进线端510B和所述第三电源进线端510C沿所述换相开关100的高度方向即Y轴方向依次纵向排列，所述第四电源进线端520A、第五电源进线端520B和第六电源进线端520C沿所述换相开关100的高度方向即Y轴方向依次纵向排列，所述第七电源进线端530A、第八电源进线端530B和第九电源进线端530C沿所述换相开关100的高度方向即Y轴方向依次纵向排列。即：所述电源进线端510、电源进线端520或电源进线端530的A相、B相和C相分别沿所述换相开关100的高度方向依次纵向排列，且所述电源进线端510、电源进线端520和电源进线端530的A相、所述电源进线端510、电源进线端520和电源进线端530的B相、所述电源进线端510、电源进线端520和电源进线端530的C相分别沿所述换相开关100的宽度方向对应排列设置。此时，所述电源出线端600还可以包括第二电源出线端610B。
当然，在其他可行的实施例中，所述第一电源切换装置200、所述第 二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400也可以依次沿所述换相开关100的长度方向即图3或图4所示的Z轴方向或者高度方向即图3或图4所示的Y轴方向组装；在本实施例中，所述第一电源切换装置200、所述第二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400沿所述换相开关100的宽度方向依次设置，相较于沿所述换相开关100的长度方向或高度方向布置，如此设置的好处是所述第一电源切换装置200、所述第二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400依次沿宽度方向组装时整个换相开关的宽度尺寸最小，且高度不超过115mm，多个所述电源切换装置沿宽度方向拼接，相较于所述多个电源切换装置沿其他方向设置，横向尺寸最小，也是实现相与相并联最容易的排列方式，占用柜体空间最小，无需重新设计柜体，换相开关体积小材料用量小，降低成本。
此外，所述换相开关100也可以为一体化，即所述第一电源切换装置200、所述第二电源切换装置200和第三电源切换装置400设于同一绝缘外壳内且彼此绝缘设置，可以实现同样的技术效果，在此不做限定。
进一步的，如图3和图4所示，在所述换相开关100的外部还可以设有连接排700，所述连接排700可以包括A相连接排710、B相连接排720和C相连接排730，所述A相连接排710连接所述第一电源进线端510A、第四电源进线端520A和第七电源进线端530A，所述B相连接排720连接所述第二电源进线端510B、第五电源进线端520B和第八电源进线端530B，所述C相连接排730连接所述第三电源进线端510C、第六电源进线端520C和第九电源进线端530C，从而实现所述相邻电源切换装置对应相极的并联。
在所述连接排700的外部还可以连接有转接排800，所述转接排800可以包括A相转接排810、B相转接排820和C相转接排830，所述A相转接排810的一端与所述A相连接排710电连接，所述B相转接排820的一端与所述B相连接排720电连接，所述C相转接排830的一端和所述C相连接排730电连接，且所述A相转接排810、B相转接排820和C相转接排830的另一端分别连接到上级相线上，相较于各电源切换装置的多个电源进线端子分别并联到所述上级相线的接线方式，此种设置方式接线简 单，成本较低，节省了大量的接线排，占用柜体空间小，结构简单。
请继续参考图5所示，下面继续以所述第一电源切换装置200为例对各部件的结构详细说明。在所述第一电源切换装置200内设有第一导电件260，所述第一导电件260的一端与所述电源进线端510的任一进线端子相连，另一端与所述电源出线端610的任一出线端子相连，在本实施例中，所述第一导电件260的一端与所述第一电源进线端510A电连接，另一端与所述第一电源出线端610A相连，从而实现所述第一电源切换装置200内其中一极的电流直通，如此设置的好处是通过设置一路电源出线端与一路电源进线端直通，另一路电源出线端通过动静触头与多路电源进线端形成接通与分断，实现换相动作，所述第一电源出线端610A与所述第二电源出线端610B承载的负荷值可根据负载需求增加或减少，比如在实际台区的配电***中，所述第一电源出线端610A与所述第二电源出线端610B各安装5个家庭电表，假设各个家庭的用电负载功率相同，则所述第一电源出线端610A与所述第二电源出线端610B各承载50％负载电流，如需调整负载分配，则可人工手动将第一电源出线端610A调整为安装2个家庭电表，将第二电源出线端610B调整安装为8个家庭电表，则所述第一电源出线端610A承载20％的负载电流，所述第二电源出线端610B承载剩余的80％的负载电流，当然，也可以是其他的承载比例，可根据实际需求对负载进行调整。如此设置一方面可以实现手动完成电流的三相平衡，另一方面可在换相时只转换部分电流，有效的避免出现切换全部电流后造成的另一相电流超载的问题，更有利于达成相间电流平衡。所述换相开关100的其他一路或多路非直通电源与配电***的中性线或零线配合使用时可输出220V的电压；此外，所述换相开关100在设置三个电源切换装置时，每个电源切换装置上设置的直通的一路电源可分别设定为三相电源的不同相，例如，当所述第一电源切换装置200的直通电源对应A相时，所述第二电源切换装置300和所述第三电源切换装置400的直通电源分别对应B相和C相，且所述第二电源切换装置300和所述第三电源切换装置400的直通电源不能对应相同的相，此时，所述第一电源切换装置200、第二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400的直通电源共同使用可输出380V的电 压；当所述第一电源切换装置200、第二电源切换装置300和第三电源切换装置400中的其中任一直通电源与配电***的中性线或零线配合使用时可输出220V的电压；同样的，此种设置方式可用于三相负载如三相电动机等，在换相动作时，直通的A、B、C不会动作改变相序，从而避免换相动作造成三相负载相序改变后带来的电动机反转等问题，从而保证换相动作时，三相负载仍然正常工作。
在本实施例中，所述第一导电件260可以设于所述绝缘外壳210的内部，当然，除上述设置方式外，所述第一导电件260也可设于所述绝缘外壳210的外部，只要能实现所述第一电源切换装置200其中一极的直通即可，在此不做限制。
请参考图6至图8所示，所述电的驱动装置240包括储能机构241、传动机构242和动力装置243，所述动力装置243提供动力并通过所述传动机构242将驱动力传递给所述储能机构241，所述传动机构242分别与所述储能机构241和所述动力装置243转动连接。在本实施例中，所述动力装置243为一电机，所述传动机构242为齿轮传动机构，且与所述电机的驱动轴相连，所述传动机构242与所述储能机构241之间为齿轮传动，在所述电机的驱动下，所述传动机构242的主动轮进行转动，并带动所述出储能机构241的从动轮转动，从而带动所述储能机构241转动。所述储能机构241与所述动触头220连接，当所述储能机构241转动时，可带动所述动触头220转动，从而实现所述换相开关100的电源切换。
当然，在其他实施例中，请参考图9所示，所述动力装置243也可为电磁机构，所述动力装置243包括电磁铁243a和导杆243b，所述电磁铁243a提供动力，所述导杆243b与所述电磁铁243a铰链连接，并可带动所述传动机构242转动一定角度，从而实现所述驱动装置240的动作。
请继续参考图5至图8所示，所述第一电源切换装置200的所述静触头230的一端与所述电源进线端510电连接，另一端可与所述动触头220接触或断开，所述静触头230的数量与所述电源进线端510的进线端子的数量相同，且分别与所述电源进线端510的多个进线端子对应电连接，即：所述静触头230与所述电源进线端510的多个进线端子沿所述换相开 关100的高度方向分别对应设置。在本实施例中，所述静触头230的数量为3个，分别与所述第一电源进线端510A、第二电源进线端510B和第三电源进线端510C对应设置，在其他的具体实现方式中，所述静触头230也可以为两个。
所述第一电源切换装置200的所述动触头220与所述绝缘外壳210转动连接，并通过芯轴221与所述储能机构241连接，在所述动触头220的动触头杆222的一端设有第一动触点，在所述驱动装置240的驱动下，所述动触头220可绕所述芯轴221转动，并可所述多个静触头230之间进行切换，实现所述换相开关的换相操作。所述动触头220的运动轨迹与所述电源进线端510的第一电源进线端510A、第二电源进线端510B和第三电源进线端510C的布置方向上下纵向一致，即：所述动触头220的运动轨迹为沿所述换相开关100的高度方向上下转动。
在一些实施例中，所述动触头220可为单断点触头或双断点触头，当所述动触头220为单断点结构时，所述动触头杆222的另一端通过柔性导体与所述电源出线端610的任一出线端子相连，即：所述动触头杆222的另一端可通过柔性导体与所述第一电源出线端610A或第二电源出线端610B相连。
当所述动触头220为双断点结构时，如图11所示，在所述动触头杆222的另一端设有与所述第一动触点不对称设置的第二动触点，即：所述第一动触点和所述动触头220的旋转中心之间的距离A1与所述第二动触点和所述动触头220的旋转中心之间的距离A2不相等，此时，如图5所示，所述第一电源切换单元200还包括转换静触头270，所述转换静触头270的一端设有可与所述第二动触点接触或断开的静触点，所述转换静触头270的静触点与所述静触头240的静触点设于所述芯轴221的两侧，且以芯轴221轴线对称或不对称分布，所述转换静触头270的另一端与所述第一电源出线端610通过第二导电件280电连接。当然，在其他实施例中，所述动触头杆222的另一端设有的第二动触点也可以与第一动触头对称，即：所述第一动触点和所述动触头220的旋转中心之间的距离A1与所述第二动触点和所述动触头220的旋转中心之间的距离A2相等，可以实现同样的技 术效果，在此不做限制。在本实施例中，相较于单断点结构，所述动触头220采用双断点形式的有益效果为更有利于分断灭弧，保证开关的可靠使用。
进一步的，如图8所示，所述第一电源切换装置200内还可以设有手动操作机构240a，所述手动操作机构240a可以包括转盘241a和手柄242a，所述转盘241a设置在所述电机与所述传动机构242之间，并分别与所述电机和所述传动机构242转动连接，所述手柄242a与所述转盘241a为可拆卸的固定连接，所述转盘241a套设在所述电机的转轴上，且与所述传动机构242固定连接。当需要手动时，所述手柄242a驱动转盘241a，所述转盘241a带动所述传动机构242运动，所述传动机构242传动至所述储能机构241，所述储能机构241通过芯轴221带动所述动触头220与转换静触头270及所述静触头230快速分断或接通，从而完成手动换相动作。
在另一实施例中，如图10所示，所述操作机构240b可以包括转轴241b，所述转轴241b的一端伸入芯轴242b内，另一端设有内六角孔或其他多边形或异形孔，当需要进行换相操作时，通过外部工具如扳手拨动所述转轴241b端部的孔，所述转轴241b开始转动，从而带动所述储能单元230的芯轴242b转动，进而实现所述芯轴242b带动所述执行单元230转动，从而实现换相操作。当然，在其他的具体实施方式中，也可将所述转轴241b端部设置的内六角孔、其他多边形或异形孔替换为凸起的六边形、其他多边形或异形柱状结构，手动操作时通过相应的工具也可实现换相操作。
在一实施例内，如图5所示，所述第一电源切换装置200内还可以设有第一电流互感器290、第二电流互感器290a和第三电流互感器290b，所述第一电流互感器290套设于与所述第一电源切换装置200的直通电源所对应的电源进线端510A上，用于检测对应总电源进线端子上流经的电流信息，所述第二电流互感器290a套设于与所述第一导电件260对应的电源出线端子上，用于检测对应电源进线端子上流经的电流信息，所述第三电流互感器290b套设于非直通的电源回路上，如所述非直通的电源回路对应的出线端子处或第二导电件280上。第一电流互感器290、第二电流互感 器290a和第三电流互感器290b可以为计量互感器，当然，在其它可行实施例中，也可以为非计量互感器，在此不做限定。
在一实施例内，如图5所示，所述第一电源切换装置200内还可以设有电子控制器250，在本实施例中所述第一电流互感器290、第二电流互感器290a和第三电流互感器290b可将采集到的电流信息传递给所述电子控制器250，所述电子控制器250根据接收到的电流信息判断电流不平衡情况，发出换相指令。所述电子控制器250还可以包括电压采集模块，可以为所述电子控制器200提供电压信号，计算功率、能耗等信息。
进一步的，所述第一电源切换装置200内还可以设有通信模块、智能配变控制终端，所述智能配变控制终端是利用现代数字信号处理技术，能够实现配变状态监测、负荷不平衡控制策略、无功补偿控制、报表、计量、远方***通讯的高集成度、高智能化控制终端。所述电子控制器可控制通信模块发送相关信息至智能配变控制终端，使智能配变控制终端实时了解该电源切换装置状态及负荷情况，并计算出三相不平衡度，做出负荷控制策略并发出控制命令，通信模块将控制命令传递至电子控制器对电源切换装置进行换相动作以实现负荷的三相平衡，通信模块可采用无线通讯或有线通讯的方式，所述无线通讯方式可以包括蓝牙、红外、Wifi、BLE、ZigBee、GPRS、4G、5G、NB-IoT或LoRa，所述有线通讯方式可以包括RS485、LAN、CAN、DeviceNet、Profibus或HPLC等。
下面针对所述第一电源切换装置200的电源切换过程详细描述如下：
所述电子控制器250根据接收到的电流信息判断电流不平衡情况，发出换相指令，所述电机接收命令后开始转动，通过所述传动机构242传动至所述储能机构241，所述储能机构241通过所述芯轴221带动所述动触头220与所述转换静触头270及所述静触头230快速分断或接通。在本实施例中，所述储能机构241内部单次储能后即马上释能，实现快合快分，无锁止机构对能量进行储存，即所谓的非预储能式储能机构，当然，在其它可行实施例中，所述储能机构241可以为预储能操作机构，即储能后，有专用的锁止机构对能量进行储存，在释能时能通过触发机构瞬间释能，实现更快的动作。
所述第二电源切换装置300、所述第三电源切换装置400与所述第一电源切换装置200的结构相同，在此不再赘述。需要说明的是，所述电源切换装置的数量可以根据实际情况进行调整，也可以为两个。
本申请的实施例通过设置一路电源出线端与一路电源进线端直通，另一路电源出线端通过动静触头与多路电源进线端接通与分断完成自动换相，自动完成电流的三相平衡。此外，本申请的实施例通过设置两路电源出线端，可根据实际需求调整负载分配，将两路电源出线端下的负载手工安装调整，从而实现两路电源出线端不同比例的负荷分布，一方面可以实现手动完成电流的三相平衡，另一方面可在换相时只转换部分电流，有效的避免出现切换全部电流后造成的另一相电流超载的问题，更有利于达成相间电流平衡。此外，根据本申请实施例的换相开关在设置三个电源切换装置时，每个电源切换装置上设置的直通的电源可分别设定为三相电源的A、B、C不同相，可用于三相负载如三相电动机等，在换相动作时，直通的A、B、C不会动作改变相序，从而避免换相动作造成三相负载相序改变后带来的电动机反转等问题，保证换相动作时，三相负载仍然正常工作。
本申请可以以其他的具体形式实现，而不脱离其精神和本质特征。当前的实施例在所有方面都被看作是示例性的而非限定性的，本申请的范围由所附权利要求而非上述描述定义，并且，落入权利要求的含义和等同物的范围内的全部改变从而都被包括在本申请的范围之中。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种换相开关(100)，包括绝缘外壳(210)、电源进线端(510)、电源出线端(610)、至少一个动触头(220)、至少二个静触头(230)，其中，所述电源进线端(510)包括第一电源进线端(510A)和第二电源进线端(510B)，所述电源出线端(610)包括第一电源出线端(610A)和第二电源出线端(610B)，所述第二电源进线端(510B)经静触头(230)、动触头(220)与所述第二电源出线端(610B)电连接，所述第一电源进线端(510A)与所述第一电源出线端(610A)直接电连接，所述第一电源出线端(610A)和第二电源出线端(610B)相互绝缘。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述第一电源进线端(510A)与所述第一电源出线端(610A)通过第一导电件(260)电连接，所述第一导电件(260)设置在所述绝缘外壳(210)内部或外部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，还包括至少一个电的驱动装置(240)，所述电的驱动装置(240)包括储能机构(241)、传动机构(242)和动力装置(243)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述动力装置(243)为电机或电磁机构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述换相开关(100)设置有至少一个电子控制器(250)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述换相开关(100)设置有有线或无线通信模块。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述换相开关(100)设置有至少一个电流传感器和/或至少一个电压采集模块。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述动触头(220)为单断点型或双断点型。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述换相开关(100)设置有手动操作机构(240a)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述第一电源出线端(610A)与所述第二电源出线端(610B)承载的负荷值根据负载需求增加或减少。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的换相开关(100)，其中，所述换相开关(100)的一路或多路非直通电源可切换220V电压；所述换相开关(100)的直通电源可切换380V或220V的电压。
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