WO2021251811A1 - Device for treating wastewater by vetiver zizania and biochar filters - Google Patents

Device for treating wastewater by vetiver zizania and biochar filters Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021251811A1
WO2021251811A1 PCT/MA2021/050007 MA2021050007W WO2021251811A1 WO 2021251811 A1 WO2021251811 A1 WO 2021251811A1 MA 2021050007 W MA2021050007 W MA 2021050007W WO 2021251811 A1 WO2021251811 A1 WO 2021251811A1
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Prior art keywords
filter
filters
vetiver
zizania
wastewater
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PCT/MA2021/050007
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French (fr)
Inventor
Younes GAGA
Jamila BAHHOU
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Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
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Publication of WO2021251811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021251811A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C02F2101/345—Phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/005—Valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/22—O2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/44—Time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
    • C02F3/201—Perforated, resilient plastic diffusers, e.g. membranes, sheets, foils, tubes, hoses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wastewater purification. More particularly the invention relates to a filter used for the treatment of water.
  • Wastewater treatment has become an economic and environmental obligation in view of the expansion of cities, the pollution of natural resources and the water scarcity that the world will experience in the years to come.
  • the practice of treating wastewater for environmental (preservation of the natural environment) or economic (irrigation, watering, etc.) purposes has the particularity of being expensive during its implementation, consuming energy and requires permanent monitoring and expert operation according to the type of procedure adopted in addition to the production of large quantities of sludge which remains a problem for wastewater treatment plants.
  • Filters are excavations, sealed from the ground, filled with successive layers of gravel or sand of variable grain size depending on the quality of the wastewater to be treated, generally planted with reeds.
  • Planted filters with vertical flow Planted filters with horizontal flow Principle of operation
  • the flow of wastewater through these filters is vertical. In fact, they flow through the filter mass, from top to bottom, undergoing physical (filtration), chemical (adsorption, complexation, etc.) and biological (biomass fixed on a fine support) treatment. For the same stage, the filtration surface is separated into several units allowing the establishment of periods of feeding and rest.
  • the sector is made up of:
  • Planted filters with horizontal flow have almost the same principle of operation of filters with vertical flow, the difference is mainly in the direction of flow of wastewater and the consequences that follow.
  • the filter mass In horizontal flow filters, the filter mass is almost completely saturated with water.
  • the effluent is distributed over the entire width and height of the bed by a distribution system located at one end of the basin; it then flows horizontally through the substrate. Most of the time, the feed is carried out continuously because the organic load supplied is low.
  • the evacuation is done by a drain placed at the opposite end of the bed, at the bottom and buried in a draining stone trench.
  • This pipe is connected to a siphon making it possible to adjust the height of the overflow, and therefore that of the water in the bed, so that it is saturated during the feeding period.
  • the water level should be maintained approximately 5 cm below the surface of the material. In fact, the water must not circulate above the surface so as not to bypass the treatment chain; there is therefore no free water and no risk of insect proliferation.
  • Filters planted with vertical flow reeds are generally designed in 2 stages so as to have 3 basins in the first stage and 2 basins in the second stage.
  • the surface treatment load is between 20 to 25 g DB05 / m 2 .j, over all of the two stages, according to French documentation.
  • the first floor is :
  • the area of the first stage of the filters must be of the order of 1.2 m 2 per Inhabitant Equivalent.
  • This stage is compartmentalized into a number of filters that is multiple of 3, which makes it possible to obtain rest periods of 2/3 of the time.
  • the first stage packing material consists of several layers of gravel.
  • the active layer is gravel having a particle size of 2 to 6 mm, for a thickness of the order of 50 cm.
  • the lower layers are of intermediate grain size (10 - 20 mm) allowing to reach a draining layer of gravel (grain size 20 - 40 mm).
  • Figure 7 illustrates the filling of the 1st stage:
  • the second floor is :
  • the surface of this floor must be of the order of 0.8 m 2 per Equivalent Inhabitant.
  • the necessary rest time is equal to that of operation, therefore requiring the installation of a number of filters multiple of 2 and equal to 2/3 of the number of filters used for the first stage.
  • the second stage refines the treatment.
  • the risk of clogging is reduced. It consists of a layer of sand at least 30 cm high and several layers of gravel.
  • the accumulation of sludge at the level of the first stage is of the order of 1 to 1.5 cm each year; the sludge produced is highly mineralized (ie not fermentable).
  • the areas planted are of the order of 5 m 2 / pe in secondary treatment
  • the depth of the filter will be equal to the maximum depth of penetration of the roots. This depth is 60 cm for Phragmites.
  • the maximum load of these filters should not exceed 40 mm / day in order to obtain high performance. On average, the hydraulic head is 15 mm / day.
  • the maximum organic load should not exceed 16 g COD / m 2 .j or 8 g DB05 / m 2 .j.
  • the system is supplied continuously and does not require any regulation due to the large volume / buffer.
  • Cutting down is not essential because dead plants do not interfere with the hydraulics of the filters and also allow the filter to be thermally insulated.
  • the main pollutants eliminated are suspended solids, organic matter and nitrogen compounds.
  • the purification mechanisms are governed by physical (filtration, adsorption) and biological (aerobic microbial degradation, nitrification, plant assimilation) mechanisms. Note that in these filters, the overall nitrogen treatment is low because it is limited to nitrification by nitrifying bacteria under aerobic conditions (leading to the oxidation of ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrites then nitrates).
  • the prior art also proposes a solution described in the patent document published under the application number WO2016110657.
  • the document describes a device for treating wastewater, of the planted filter type with vertical percolation, comprising an active aeration system of a saturated lower layer.
  • the proposed system has a large footprint and an unreliable aeration system (difficulty of intervention in the event of blockage of diffusers) in addition to the crops chosen more sensitive than vetiver zizania in the face of prolonged exposure to toxic elements such as that the phenol of vegetable waters and the root system are less efficient and shorter than that of vetiver zizania.
  • the prior art proposes another solution described in the patent document published under the number FR3025510.
  • the document describes a process for treating industrial wastewater by coupling a biological reactor by culture fixed on mobile supports and a macrophytic filter.
  • This device has the drawback of being sensitive to variations in load and to the intrusion of toxic elements (phenols for example) in addition to the slow recovery after a long period of shutdown or start-up for the first time, especially for the biological reactor.
  • toxic elements phenols for example
  • the prior art also presents the invention number EP 1 857 419 A1 relating to a method and an installation for the treatment of effluents via the passage of the effluents through a bacterial bed and at least one nitrification-denitrification of the sewage sludge obtained from the bacterial bed, using a bed planted with vertically flowing reeds, with a lower area flooded and an upper area not flooded.
  • This device has the drawback of being sensitive to variations in load and to the intrusion of toxic elements (phenols for example) in addition to the slow recovery of the bacterial bed after a long period of shutdown or start-up for the first time.
  • Wastewater treatment has become an economic and environmental obligation in view of the expansion of cities, the pollution of natural resources and the water scarcity that the world will experience in the years to come.
  • the practice of treating wastewater for environmental (preservation of the natural environment) or economic (irrigation, watering, etc.) purposes has the particularity of being expensive during its implementation, consuming energy and requires permanent monitoring and expert operation according to the type of procedure adopted in addition to the production of large quantities of sludge which remains a problem for wastewater treatment plants.
  • the object of the present invention relates to a wastewater treatment device characterized by comprising a filter planted with Vetiver Zizania (or any other plant with a fine and deep root system with upward flow), a downward flow biochar filter with a lower part saturated with water and adjustable by telescopic valve, and a cultivation gravel for the plant (Vetiver Zizania) and support for the purifying biomass.
  • This device also comprises an aeration system in the form of a set of oxygen injection tubes which allow the aeration of said device, the unclogging of the filters and / or the injection of chemicals if necessary.
  • This aeration head is composed of a perforated outer part installed over the entire depth of the filters and an internal part which is a piston head receiving a compressed air pipe coming from any compressed air source and which pivots. over the entire height of the perforated rod to ensure the arrival of C at all points of the filters.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall drawing of the wastewater treatment device during the vegetable water treatment period by Zizania Vetiver Filter with upward flow and forced aeration by adjustable O2 injection rods combined with a sludge Biochar filter.
  • Adjustable oxygen injection rod (figure 2).
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed drawing of the adjustable oxygen injection rods.
  • the invention relates to a novel device for the biological treatment of urban, industrial or mixed wastewater and above all of wastewater rich in vegetable water phenols.
  • This device sets up the combination of three purification systems (activated sludge, planted filter and bacterial bed) in the same enclosure with an upward flow of the influent to be treated and forced by the injection of oxygen all the way up the device by a system specially designed for this device (figure 2) and which will serve at the same time for cleaning the device in the event of clogging.
  • three purification systems activated sludge, planted filter and bacterial bed
  • This device will be supplemented by a Biochar filter for WWTP sludge to add additional purification to the initial device before discharge of the treated water and which will also be equipped with oxygen injection rods for unclogging the Biochar filter, in order to resolve the problems. problems of biological type treatment plants, to minimize energy consumption and make the yield more reliable and recover the wastewater treatment sludge with simple operation while being integrated into the environment.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an efficient system for the treatment of industrial or mixed urban wastewater and having a reduced land footprint; easy operation and light energy consumption while ensuring a better purification yield than the yields of the solutions proposed by the prior art.
  • the invention which relates to a device for the treatment of wastewater in the period of vegetable water by Zizania Vetiver Filters paired with a Biochar filter with upward flow at forced ventilation by adjustable O2 injection rods.
  • the device comprising two purification basins or excavations placed in series intended to receive primary treated wastewater.
  • the first basin which is the Zizania Vetiver filter saturated with water, comprising at least one layer of filtering materials; this water-saturated layer comprising raw water supply means treated primarily installed at the bottom of the filter sweeping the entire surface to ensure the continuous flow well distributed and upward (from bottom to top).
  • the Zizania Vetiver filter is boosted by an innovative active aeration system which ensures the supply of the oxygen filter necessary for the purifying biomass fixed on the supports (gravel or roots) in addition to the oxygen secreted by the roots of the Zizania vetiver to boost the degradation kinetics of pollutants dissolved in water.
  • the first filter which is the Zizania Vetiver filter gives us the possibility of having a minimum depth of 3 m thanks to the deep and fine root system of the plant in addition to the aeration system with adjustable oxygen injection rods that we allows for greater depths (greater than 3 m).
  • the second filter is a basin or Biochar excavation of sludge from wastewater treatment plants after pyrolysis and selection of coarse granules which will serve as filtering material and support for microorganisms which will participate in finishing the treatment started by the Zizania vetiver filter.
  • the filter material can be Biochar from WWTP sludge alone or a mixture of Biochar and fine sand.
  • the Biochar filter is characterized by a lower part saturated with water located in the bottom of the basin to provide an anoxic environment to promote denitrification and comprising drainage means such as a telescopic valve to adjust the height saturated with water.
  • the treatment device according to the invention is suitable for treating all types of wastewater: urban, industrial and mixed (tests are carried out on wastewater at 120 mg / l of total phenols).
  • a treatment device makes it possible to reduce the land footprint thanks to the depth that can be obtained following the use of perennials with a fine and deep root system, in addition to the oxygen injection rods which is an innovative system for aeration and unclogging of the sets of filters which are the subject of the invention.
  • This aeration system has the advantage of having easy installation and simple maintenance (the surface required for 1 pe is 0.5 m 2 for the zizania vetiver filter and 0.25 m 2 for the biochar filter).
  • the device ensures high yields on the MES, COD, DB05, NTK and Pt parameters, as well as on the overall nitrogen in addition, the resistance of Zizania vetiver gives this invention a power of elimination of toxic chemicals. for biomass in case of intensive devices.
  • the invention retains all the advantages of planted filters, bacterial bed and activated sludge which are: good landscape integration, easy and inexpensive maintenance, low production of sludge, reduced energy consumption, no consumption of chemicals, very good purification performance, good adaptation to load variations, very rapid recovery after prolonged shutdown and very good resistance to the intrusion of toxic products in addition to the recovery of WWTP sludge (Biochar filter based on pyrolyzed WWTP sludge).
  • the device which is the subject of the invention is composed of:
  • a first filter with a minimum height of 3m, this filter and a gravel filter over the entire height planted with Vetiver Zizania or any other perennial plant with a fine and deep root system This filter is supplied by a drain network distributed over the entire bottom of the filter to distribute the arrival of the water treated primarily over the entire filter. The recovery of this water after treatment on the first filter is done through the top of the Zizania Vetiver filter.
  • the ventilation of the Zizania Vetiver filter is provided by oxygen injection rods placed from the top of the filter and penetrates all the height to ensure the oxygen demand at the fixed biomass, in addition to oxygen produced by the roots of Vetiver Zizania at all points of the filter including even the part outside the reach of the roots of the plant used (the Vetiver Zizania).
  • this filter is a Biochar filter from WWTP sludge alone or a mixture of Biochar from WWTP sludge and fine sand.
  • This second filter or Biochar filter is broken down into two parts:
  • the upper part has a height of at least half of the height of the filter.
  • the height regulation between the upper and lower part of the Biochar filter is provided by a telescopic valve to keep a lower part saturated with water and an upper part free .
  • the Biochar filter is fed by sprinkling from the surface of the filter or by feed drains (vertical percolation) by the treated water coming from the first zizania vetiver filter.
  • Adjustable compressed air injection rods are installed on the surface of the Biochar filter and penetrate the entire depth of said filter to unclog the filter if necessary or to supply oxygen if necessary. (case of great depths where the passive supply of oxygen is not sufficient).
  • the supply of wastewater to the purification filters is provided by a continuous system (pumping or gravity flow).
  • Such a wastewater supply system makes it possible to have a continuous flow and prevents the release of bad odors in the saturated part of the biochar filter.
  • the active aeration system comprises a set of oxygen injection tubes composed of a perforated outer part installed over the entire depth of the filters and an internal part which is a piston head receiving a pipe. compressed air from any source of compressed air. Said head swivels over the entire height of the perforated rod to ensure the arrival of C at all points of our filters; either for aeration or for detachment, or for the injection of chemicals if necessary.
  • These rods are distributed essentially over the entire surface to aerate, detach or inject chemicals if needed evenly over all of the two filters (this aeration system can be used in other devices apart from the invention in object).
  • the active ventilation system of the zizania vetiver filter is an intermittent system.
  • the aeration system thus designed makes it possible on the one hand to reduce energy consumption, and on the other hand to improve the treatment of the overall nitrogen by promoting the reactions of nitrification and denitrification with the possibility of using this system for a possible injection of chemical product into the filters.
  • the aeration system with adjustable injection rod has the advantage of being accessible at all times and easy to maintain against diffusers which require the deterioration of the filters installed for intervention in the event of sticking.
  • the intermittent active aeration system can be managed by an hour meter and / or by the detection of lack of oxygen and / or abnormal redox potential in the chosen treatment range; these sensors control also the injection position by the piston of our aeration system; these sensors are installed in scattered sample wells over the entire surface of the filters at different heights to ensure proper filter operation and sampling representativeness.
  • the device made up of the two Vetiver Zizania and Biochar filters must be supplied with raw wastewater pre-pretreated and primary treated to eliminate the coarsest waste, sands and decantable and fermentable suspended matter.
  • the wastewater is then sent to the bottom of the Vetiver Zizania filter, thanks to a wastewater supply ramp installed at the bottom; this water treated by the zizania vetiver filter is then sprinkled on the surface of the biochar filter.
  • the final effluent will be discharged into the natural environment or recovered when it leaves the telescopic valve for regulating the water height of the Biochar filter.
  • the feed is continuous by gravity or by pumping.
  • the device presented is based on the combination of the strong points of three biological type purification devices, namely: activated sludge, bacterial bed and planted filter ( Figure 1) supplemented by a Biochar filter for WWTP sludge.
  • the invention is a cultivation of Vetiver Zizania (or any other perennial plant with a fine and deep root system) on fine gravel with a density of (8 to 12 inches of vetiver zizania / m 2 ) with an upward flow of treated raw water primarily and an injection of air at different heights of the culture basins and recovery of the purified water from above; thus making it possible to increase the contact surface with the fixed biomass and with the roots of Vetiver Zizania and to considerably reduce the production of secondary sludge; this device will be completed by a Biochar filter for WWTP sludge, thus eliminating the role of clarifiers, improving purification efficiency and recovering WWTP sludge.
  • the specific surface area required for an inhabitant equivalent for this device is estimated at (0.5m 2 / pe for the zizania vetiver filter and 0.25 m 2 / pe for the biochar filter) following the various tests carried out on the prototype.
  • the device of the invention comprises an innovative system of aeration of the biomass fixed on the gravel and on the roots of the crop used, it is a piston for injecting compressed air. mounted on a jacket with longitudinal grooves allowing aeration at different heights and subsequently a better distribution of oxygen all the height of the device and a possibility of having greater depths and a reduced surface area of the ground exploited for the filter object of invention.
  • This aeration system can also be a filter removal tool (Vetiver Zizania filter and Biochar filter or a means of injecting chemicals).
  • the device that we invented especially for the purpose of treating wastewater during the period of vegetable waters and which can have an average daily concentration of 40 mg / l of PPT (total polyphenols), example of the city of FES, makes it possible to solve the problems mentioned previously. It tolerates sudden load variations, it supports chemical intrusion with a rapid recovery after prolonged shutdown in addition to its moderate energy consumption and the ease of installation and intervention following the ventilation system specially designed to restart GO2 injected at different heights of the device in addition to the production of C by the roots of Vetiver Zizania which can reach 2.5 m in depth and which will serve in addition to the pebbles, to support the purifying biological mass and participate in depollution water at the same time as the purifying biomass, while generating straw which can be used as animal feed or fuel and reduce the carbon footprint of the environment; this device will be supplemented by a Biochar sludge filter from WWTP to improve the purification efficiency while enhancing the sludge which posed a real debate.
  • PPT total polyphenols
  • this device makes it possible to treat a wide range of wastewater with easy operation, and economical in terms of energy need and does not generate visual pollution (foaming) or olfactory (odor of malfunction) any by integrating into the medium and giving treatment results better than the methods of the prior art (activated sludge, biological discs, bacterial bed, lagoon or planted filter), the prototype produced (figure 1) as well as the results obtained during six months of tests are presented below (performance of the Biochar filter not included).
  • Table 1 shows the results of the tests carried out on the new wastewater treatment device before and after reception of the vegetable waters.
  • Table 2 shows the average results of wastewater treatment without total phenols with the device which is the subject of the invention.
  • Table 2 Average results of wastewater treatment with total phenols with the device which is the subject of the invention
  • This device can be a new installation or an improvement on natural lagoon stations, aerated or planted filter, keeping the basic structure and adding the necessary adaptations for the installation of the new device (depth feed of the filters, recovery of purified water, Zizania vetiver culture medium, emptying of filters and Biochar filling of WWTP sludge.).
  • aeration system specially designed for the present invention and which will be set up to ensure the injection of oxygen to the entire height of the device and the periodic cleaning of the filters as required.
  • Verification and sampling wells will be set up for monitoring the quality of the treatment and monitoring the process via the redox and / or oxygen measurement instrumentation.
  • control of the special aeration system will depend on the value of the redox and / or oxygen to determine the height of oxygen injection into the device.
  • New installations using this device can be excavations with an insulating membrane to prevent infiltration into the water table, thus reducing hard construction loads.
  • the invention relates to a new device for purifying wastewater laden with industrial pollutant and especially the vegetable water from olive oil crushing units and for solving the problems mentioned above, and which has several advantages, namely:
  • the device can be applied for the treatment of conventional or urban wastewater loaded with industrial pollution and especially the phenols of vegetable waters, as the invention can be a simple solution to improve the performance of biological water treatment stations.
  • existing waste asrated lagoon, natural lagoon, planted filter, etc.
  • the active aeration system designed especially for the device which is the subject of the invention can be used for other processes outside the purification field.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
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  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel wastewater treatment device that comprises an upflow filter planted with Vetiver zizania, or any other plant with a fine and deep root system, a downflow biochar filter with a lower portion saturated with water and adjustable via a telescopic valve, a gravel for culturing the Vetiver zizania plant and for supporting the purifying biomass. Said device also comprises an aeration system in the form of a set of oxygen injection tubes that enable the aeration of the device, the declogging of the filters and/or the injection of chemicals if necessary.

Description

Titre : DISPOSITIF DE TRAITEMENT DES EAUX USEES PAR FILTRES VETIVER ZIZANIA ET BIOCHAR Title: DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER BY VETIVER ZIZANIA AND BIOCHAR FILTERS
Description Description
■ Domaine technique ■ Technical field
La présente invention ce rapporte au domaine de l'épuration des eaux usées. Plus particulièrement l'invention concerne un filtre utilisé pour le traitement des eaux. The present invention relates to the field of wastewater purification. More particularly the invention relates to a filter used for the treatment of water.
■ Description de l'état de la technique ■ Description of the state of the art
L'épuration des eaux usées est devenue une obligation économique et environnementale vue l'extension des villes, la pollution des ressources naturelles et la pénurie en eau que va connaître le monde les années à venir. La pratique de traitement des eaux usées à des fins environnemental (préservation du milieu naturel) ou économique (irrigation, abreuvage...) à la particularité d'être coûteuse lors de sa réalisation, énergivore et demande un suivi permanent et une exploitation experte selon le type de procède adopté en plus de la production de grandes quantités de boues qui reste une problématique des stations d'épurations. Wastewater treatment has become an economic and environmental obligation in view of the expansion of cities, the pollution of natural resources and the water scarcity that the world will experience in the years to come. The practice of treating wastewater for environmental (preservation of the natural environment) or economic (irrigation, watering, etc.) purposes has the particularity of being expensive during its implementation, consuming energy and requires permanent monitoring and expert operation according to the type of procedure adopted in addition to the production of large quantities of sludge which remains a problem for wastewater treatment plants.
Bien que les techniques d'épuration des eaux usées qui existent actuellement (boues activées, lagunage, filtres plantés, lit bactérien . )répondent à la problématique liée au traitement des influents pollués urbaine, industriel ou mixte vu qu'elles présentent l'avantage d'opérer dans différents endroits (usine, petite collectivité, milieu rural, ou grande ville) leur sensibilité aux variations brusque des charges, intrusion de produit chimique, longue durée de montée en charge après arrêt prolongé, consommation énergétique, constituent un réel handicape venant s'ajouter aux difficultés de gestion des boues produites à la fin du procès. Although the wastewater treatment techniques that currently exist (activated sludge, lagooning, planted filters, bacterial bed.) Respond to the problem related to the treatment of influential polluted urban, industrial or mixed since they have the advantage of '' operate in different places (factory, small community, rural environment, or large city) their sensitivity to sudden variations in loads, chemical intrusion, long time to ramp up after prolonged shutdown, energy consumption, constitute a real handicap coming from s '' add to the difficulties of managing the sludge produced at the end of the process.
Pour remédier à la sensibilité des systèmes biologiques aux variations brusque des charges, intrusion de produit chimique (ex: phénols des margines), et longue durée de montée en charge après arrêt prolongé, la majorité des dispositifs d'épuration de types biologiques procède aux by pass totale des débits brutes pour réduire l'impact sur la biomasse épuratrice et augmente la capacité d'aération pour accélérer la reprise ce qui génère une odeur nauséabonde, moussage, pollution du milieu récepteur et une surconsommation énergétique en plus des pertes économiques. To remedy the sensitivity of biological systems to sudden variations in load, intrusion of chemical product (eg: phenols from vegetable waters), and long duration of load rise after prolonged shutdown, the majority of purification devices of biological types carry out by total pass of the gross flows to reduce the impact on the purifying biomass and increase the aeration capacity to accelerate the recovery which generates a foul odor, foaming, pollution of the receiving environment and an overconsumption of energy in addition to economic losses.
Le traitement des eaux usées par filtres plantés connaît un très fort développement depuis ces vingt dernières années. Ce type de système d'épuration est appliqué principalement pour le traitement des effluents domestiques des petites collectivités. Il présente de nombreux avantages :The treatment of wastewater by planted filters has experienced very strong development over the past twenty years. This type of purification system is mainly applied for the treatment of domestic effluents from small communities. It has many advantages:
Une bonne intégration paysagère ; un entretien facile et peu coûteux; une faible production de boues; pas de consommation d'énergie ni de produits chimiques; des bonnes performances épuratoires ; une bonne adaptation aux variations de charge. Good integration into the landscape; easy and inexpensive maintenance; low sludge production; no consumption of energy or chemicals; good purification performance; good adaptation to load variations.
Les filtres sont des excavations, étanchées du sol, remplies de couches successives de gravier ou de sable de granulométrie variable selon la qualité des eaux usées à traiter plantés généralement de roseaux. Filters are excavations, sealed from the ground, filled with successive layers of gravel or sand of variable grain size depending on the quality of the wastewater to be treated, generally planted with reeds.
Au niveau de cette technologie il existe deux types : Les filtres plantés à écoulement vertical Les filtres plantés à écoulement horizontal Principe de fonctionnement In terms of this technology, there are two types: Planted filters with vertical flow Planted filters with horizontal flow Principle of operation
Les filtres plantés à écoulement vertical Vertical flow planted filters
Comme leur nom l'indique, l'écoulement des eaux usées dans ces filtres se fait verticalement. En effet, elles s'écoulent par les massifs filtrants, du haut vers le bas, subissant un traitement physique (filtration), chimique (adsorption, complexation...) et biologique (biomasse fixée sur support fin). Pour un même étage, la surface de filtration est séparée en plusieurs unités permettant d'instaurer des périodes d'alimentation et de repos. As the name suggests, the flow of wastewater through these filters is vertical. In fact, they flow through the filter mass, from top to bottom, undergoing physical (filtration), chemical (adsorption, complexation, etc.) and biological (biomass fixed on a fine support) treatment. For the same stage, the filtration surface is separated into several units allowing the establishment of periods of feeding and rest.
La filière se compose : The sector is made up of:
- d'un dégrillage ; - a screening;
- d'un premier étage de filtres verticaux ; et - a first stage of vertical filters; and
- éventuellement d'un second étage de filtres verticaux ; - optionally a second stage of vertical filters;
Les filtres plantés à écoulement horizontal Horizontal flow planted filters
Les filtres plantés à écoulement horizontal ont presque le même principe de fonctionnement des filtres à écoulement vertical, la différence réside principalement dans le sens d'écoulement des eaux usées et les conséquences qui s'en suivent. Planted filters with horizontal flow have almost the same principle of operation of filters with vertical flow, the difference is mainly in the direction of flow of wastewater and the consequences that follow.
Dans les filtres à écoulement horizontal, le massif filtrant est quasi-totalement saturé en eau. L'effluent est réparti sur toute la largeur et la hauteur du lit par un système répartiteur situé à une extrémité du bassin ; il s'écoule ensuite horizontalement au travers du substrat. La plupart du temps, l'alimentation s'effectue en continu car la charge organique apportée est faible. In horizontal flow filters, the filter mass is almost completely saturated with water. The effluent is distributed over the entire width and height of the bed by a distribution system located at one end of the basin; it then flows horizontally through the substrate. Most of the time, the feed is carried out continuously because the organic load supplied is low.
L'évacuation se fait par un drain placé à l'extrémité opposée du lit, au fond et enterré dans une tranchée de pierres drainantes. Ce tuyau est relié à un siphon permettant de régler la hauteur de surverse, et donc celle de l'eau dans le lit, de façon à ce qu'il soit saturé pendant la période d'alimentation. Le niveau d'eau doit être maintenu environ à 5 cm sous la surface du matériau. En effet, l'eau ne doit pas circuler au-dessus de la surface pour ne pas court-circuiter la chaîne de traitement ; il n'y a donc pas d'eau libre et pas de risque de prolifération d'insectes. The evacuation is done by a drain placed at the opposite end of the bed, at the bottom and buried in a draining stone trench. This pipe is connected to a siphon making it possible to adjust the height of the overflow, and therefore that of the water in the bed, so that it is saturated during the feeding period. The water level should be maintained approximately 5 cm below the surface of the material. In fact, the water must not circulate above the surface so as not to bypass the treatment chain; there is therefore no free water and no risk of insect proliferation.
Paramètres spécifiques de dimensionnement Specific sizing parameters
Les filtres plantés à écoulement vertical Vertical flow planted filters
Les filtres plantés de roseaux à écoulement vertical sont généralement conçu en 2 étages de manière à avoir 3 bassins en premier étage et 2 bassins en second étage. La charge surfacique de traitement est comprise entre 20 à 25 g DB05/m2.j, sur l'ensemble des deux étages, selon la documentation française. Filters planted with vertical flow reeds are generally designed in 2 stages so as to have 3 basins in the first stage and 2 basins in the second stage. The surface treatment load is between 20 to 25 g DB05 / m 2 .j, over all of the two stages, according to French documentation.
Le premier étage : The first floor :
La surface du premier étage des filtres doit être de l'ordre de 1.2 m2 par Equivalent Habitant.The area of the first stage of the filters must be of the order of 1.2 m 2 per Inhabitant Equivalent.
Il représente 60% de la surface totale du filtre et il est dimensionné pour recevoir 40g DB05 m-2.j 1 It represents 60% of the total surface of the filter and it is dimensioned to receive 40g DB05 m- 2 .j 1
Cet étage est compartimenté en un nombre de filtres multiple de 3, ce qui permet d'obtenir des périodes de repos de 2/3 du temps. This stage is compartmentalized into a number of filters that is multiple of 3, which makes it possible to obtain rest periods of 2/3 of the time.
Il contient une couche drainante et une couche d'aération. Le matériau de garnissage du premier étage se compose de plusieurs couches de gravier. La couche active est du gravier présentant une granulométrie de 2 à 6 mm, pour une épaisseur de l'ordre de 50 cm. Les couches inférieures sont de granulométrie intermédiaire (10 - 20 mm) permettant d'atteindre une couche drainante de gravier (granulométrie 20 - 40 mm). La figure 7 illustre le remplissage du 1er étage : It contains a draining layer and an aeration layer. The first stage packing material consists of several layers of gravel. The active layer is gravel having a particle size of 2 to 6 mm, for a thickness of the order of 50 cm. The lower layers are of intermediate grain size (10 - 20 mm) allowing to reach a draining layer of gravel (grain size 20 - 40 mm). Figure 7 illustrates the filling of the 1st stage:
Le deuxième étage : The second floor :
La surface de cet étage doit être de l'ordre de 0.8 m2 par Equivalent Habitant. The surface of this floor must be of the order of 0.8 m 2 per Equivalent Inhabitant.
Il représente 40% de la surface totale du filtre et il est dimensionné pour recevoir les eaux traité au niveau du 1er étage. Ainsi, il effectue une épuration tertiaire des eaux usées. It represents 40% of the total surface of the filter and it is dimensioned to receive the treated water at the level of the 1st stage. Thus, it performs tertiary purification of wastewater.
Le temps de repos nécessaire est égal à celui du fonctionnement, nécessitant donc la mise en place d'un nombre de filtres multiple de 2 et égal au 2/3 du nombre de filtres utilisés pour le premier étage.The necessary rest time is equal to that of operation, therefore requiring the installation of a number of filters multiple of 2 and equal to 2/3 of the number of filters used for the first stage.
Le deuxième étage affine le traitement. Les risques de colmatage sont moindres. Il est composé d'une couche de sable d'une hauteur d'au moins 30 cm et de plusieurs couches de graviers. The second stage refines the treatment. The risk of clogging is reduced. It consists of a layer of sand at least 30 cm high and several layers of gravel.
L'accumulation de boues au niveau du premier étage est de l'ordre de 1 à 1,5 cm chaque année ; les boues produites sont très minéralisées (c'est à dire non fermentescibles). The accumulation of sludge at the level of the first stage is of the order of 1 to 1.5 cm each year; the sludge produced is highly mineralized (ie not fermentable).
Le curage n'est nécessaire qu'après 10 ans de fonctionnement et les boues ont alors une siccité minimale de 25 % lorsque le curage est réalisé en fin d'été. Cleaning is only necessary after 10 years of operation and the sludge then has a minimum dryness of 25% when cleaning is carried out at the end of summer.
Le curage s'effectue seulement sur la surface du premier étage de filtre planté de roseaux. Il n'y a pas de production de boues sur le deuxième étage. Cleaning is carried out only on the surface of the first stage of the filter planted with reeds. There is no sludge production on the second floor.
Les filtres plantés à écoulement horizontal Horizontal flow planted filters
Pour définir la surface nécessaire des filtres plantés à écoulement horizontal, les valeurs empiriques ci-après fournissent les résultats d'épuration attendus (Vymazal et al, 1998) To define the area required for horizontal flow planted filters, the empirical values below provide the expected purification results (Vymazal et al, 1998)
Pour des concentrations initiales de l'ordre de 150 à 300 mg/l de DB05, les surfaces plantées sont de l'ordre de 5 m2/EH en traitement secondaire For initial concentrations of the order of 150 to 300 mg / l of DB0 5 , the areas planted are of the order of 5 m 2 / pe in secondary treatment
Pour des concentrations plus élevées, il semble préférable d'opter pour la pratique danoise qui consiste à dimensionner le filtre à 10 m2/EH For higher concentrations, it seems preferable to opt for the Danish practice of sizing the filter at 10 m 2 / pe
Le support choisi doit disposer d'une perméabilité de 1 à 3.103 m/s (gravier lavé de f 3 à 12 mm). Certains préconisent l'utilisation de sable lavé avec une perméabilité de 104 m/s (dlO = 0,2 mm et d60 = 0,6 mm). The chosen support must have a permeability of 1 to 3.10 3 m / s (washed gravel of f 3 to 12 mm). Some recommend the use of washed sand with a permeability of 10 4 m / s (d10 = 0.2 mm and d60 = 0.6 mm).
La profondeur du filtre sera égale à la profondeur maximale de pénétration des racines. Cette profondeur est de 60 cm pour les phragmites. The depth of the filter will be equal to the maximum depth of penetration of the roots. This depth is 60 cm for Phragmites.
La charge maximale de ces filtres ne devrait pas dépasser 40 mm/jour et ce, afin d'obtenir des performances élevées. En moyenne, la charge hydraulique est de 15 mm/jour. La charge organique maximale ne doit pas dépasser 16 g DCO/m2.j ou 8 g DB05/m2.j. The maximum load of these filters should not exceed 40 mm / day in order to obtain high performance. On average, the hydraulic head is 15 mm / day. The maximum organic load should not exceed 16 g COD / m 2 .j or 8 g DB05 / m 2 .j.
Le système est alimenté en continu et ne nécessite aucune régulation du fait du volume/tampon important. The system is supplied continuously and does not require any regulation due to the large volume / buffer.
La maintenance de ces systèmes ne nécessite pas de qualification particulière mais contraint l'exploitant à des passages fréquents et réguliers. Ce suivi d'exploitation se limite à : Ajuster régulièrement le niveau d'eau de sortie afin d'éviter les écoulements de surface. Pour des stations importantes (> 500 m3/j), la vérification du niveau de sortie pourrait demander un passage quotidien. The maintenance of these systems does not require any particular qualification but forces the operator to make frequent and regular passages. This operational monitoring is limited to: Regularly adjust the outlet water level to avoid surface runoff. For large stations (> 500 m 3 / d), checking the output level could require a daily passage.
Vérifier la bonne distribution de l'effluent dans le filtre. Le curage du dispositif d'alimentation doit être prévu lors de la conception. Check the correct distribution of the effluent in the filter. The cleaning of the feeding device must be foreseen during the design.
Désherber manuellement des adventices qui pourraient gêner le développement des roseaux tant que la prédominance n'est pas établie. Manually weed weeds that could interfere with reed development until predominance is established.
Faucarder n'est pas indispensable car les végétaux morts ne gênent en rien l'hydraulique des filtres et de plus permettent d'isoler thermiquement le filtre. Cutting down is not essential because dead plants do not interfere with the hydraulics of the filters and also allow the filter to be thermally insulated.
Ces filtres sont majoritairement maintenus en condition aérobie, grâce à des mécanismes d'aération «passive». These filters are mainly maintained in aerobic condition, thanks to “passive” aeration mechanisms.
Les principaux polluants éliminés sont les matières en suspension, les matières organiques ainsi que les composés azotés. Dans les filtres verticaux, les mécanismes épuratoires sont régis par des mécanismes physiques (filtration, adsorption) et biologiques (dégradation microbienne aérobie, nitrification, assimilation végétale). A noter que dans ces filtres, le traitement de l'azote global est faible car il se limite à la nitrification par les bactéries nitrifiantes en conditions aérobies (conduisant à l'oxydation de l'azote ammoniacal en nitrites puis en nitrates). The main pollutants eliminated are suspended solids, organic matter and nitrogen compounds. In vertical filters, the purification mechanisms are governed by physical (filtration, adsorption) and biological (aerobic microbial degradation, nitrification, plant assimilation) mechanisms. Note that in these filters, the overall nitrogen treatment is low because it is limited to nitrification by nitrifying bacteria under aerobic conditions (leading to the oxidation of ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrites then nitrates).
Dans ces dispositifs, les rôles principaux des végétaux plantés en surface sont les suivants : In these systems, the main roles of plants planted on the surface are as follows:
- maintenir la perméabilité du massif filtrant grâce aux voies hydrauliques créées par leurs tiges, racines et rhizomes (prévention des phénomènes de colmatage) ; - maintain the permeability of the filter bed thanks to the hydraulic channels created by their stems, roots and rhizomes (prevention of clogging phenomena);
- favoriser l'activité microbienne aérobie à proximité des racines et rhizomes qui servent de support de biofilm, notamment grâce à l'apport d'oxygène des végétaux ; - promote aerobic microbial activity near the roots and rhizomes which serve as a biofilm support, in particular thanks to the supply of oxygen from the plants;
- favoriser la déshydratation des matières solides retenues en surface le cas échéant, via l'évapotranspiration des roseaux. - promote the dehydration of the solids retained on the surface, if necessary, via the evapotranspiration of the reeds.
Il est maintenant connu que cette filière, constituée de deux filtres verticaux en série, permet d'obtenir des rendements épuratoires élevés pour les effluents domestiques (> 90%) sur les polluants: matières en suspension (MES), matières organiques (DB05 et DCO) et azote réduit (NTK). En revanche, les performances sont limitées (< 30%) pour l'azote global (NGL) et le phosphore (PT). Cette filière présente aussi comme inconvénient d'avoir une emprise foncière relativement élevée (2 à 2,5 m2/EH). L'art antérieur a proposé d'autres solutions. It is now known that this process, made up of two vertical filters in series, makes it possible to obtain high purification yields for domestic effluents (> 90%) on pollutants: suspended solids (MES), organic matter (DB05 and COD ) and reduced nitrogen (NTK). On the other hand, the performances are limited (<30%) for global nitrogen (NGL) and phosphorus (PT). This sector also has the disadvantage of having a relatively high landholding (2 to 2.5 m 2 / pe). The prior art has proposed other solutions.
On retrouve ainsi des filières mixtes constituées par l'association de filtres de type vertical et horizontal, en série, notamment pour améliorer les performances sur l'azote global en favorisant les réactions de nitrification et dénitrification. Cependant, pour atteindre des rendements élevés (> 85%) sur l'azote global (NGL), on a généralement au moins trois étages (bassins) avec une recirculation, entraînant une emprise foncière élevée (> 4 m2/EH). There are thus mixed channels formed by the association of vertical and horizontal type filters, in series, in particular to improve performance on overall nitrogen by promoting nitrification and denitrification reactions. However, to achieve high yields (> 85%) on global nitrogen (NGL), we generally have at least three stages (basins) with recirculation, resulting in a high land hold (> 4 m 2 / pe).
On retrouve également des solutions qui font appel à des filtres compacts à percolation verticale avec superpositions de plusieurs couches de matériaux et l'utilisation de matériau filtrant poreux, capable de favoriser le développement de micro-organismes et permettant de réduire l'emprise foncière et de limiter les coûts d'exploitation. Néanmoins, ces filtres présentent des risques de colmatage de la couche supplémentaire de granulométrie inférieure, notamment dans le cas d'effluents fortement chargés. De plus, les nitrifications sont souvent incomplètes et ces filtres présentent de faibles rendements sur l'azote global (< 30%). There are also solutions which call upon compact filters with vertical percolation with superimpositions of several layers of materials and the use of porous filtering material, capable of promoting the development of microorganisms and making it possible to reduce the land footprint and limit operating costs. However, these filters present risks of clogging of the additional layer of smaller particle size, especially in the case of highly effluents. loaded. In addition, nitrification is often incomplete and these filters have low yields on overall nitrogen (<30%).
Il est connu de l'art antérieur la solution décrite dans le document de brevet publié sous le numéro DE 4225699 Cl. Cette solution met en oeuvre un bassin de purification par percolation verticale des eaux usées sur quartes couches superposées de matériaux filtrants. L'objectif de ce dispositif est l'optimisation de la dénitrification mais les résultats pratiques restent insuffisants. The solution described in the patent document published under the number DE 4225699 Cl is known from the prior art. This solution uses a purification basin by vertical percolation of the waste water on four superimposed layers of filtering materials. The objective of this device is to optimize denitrification, but the practical results remain insufficient.
L'art antérieur propose aussi une solution décrite dans le document de brevet publié sous le numéroThe prior art also proposes a solution described in the patent document published under the number
US 2003/024874 Al .détaillant un dispositif de traitement des eaux usées sur plusieurs bassins d'épuration montés en série ; ce qui demande une emprise foncière très importante pour la réalisation de ce dispositif. US 2003/024874 Al. Detailing a device for treating wastewater on several purification basins mounted in series; which requires a very important land holdings for the realization of this device.
L'art antérieur propose encore une solution décrite dans le document de brevet publié sous le numéro de demande W02016110657. Le document décrit un dispositif de traitement des eaux usées, de type filtre planté à percolation verticale, comprenant un système d'aération actif d'une couche inférieure saturée. Le système proposé à une emprise du terrain important et un système d'aération peu fiable (difficulté d'intervention en cas de bouchage des diffuseurs) en plus des cultures choisi plus sensible que la vétiver zizania face à l'exposition prolongé au éléments toxique tel que le phénol des margines et le système racinaire moins performent et plus cour que celui de la vétiver zizania. The prior art also proposes a solution described in the patent document published under the application number WO2016110657. The document describes a device for treating wastewater, of the planted filter type with vertical percolation, comprising an active aeration system of a saturated lower layer. The proposed system has a large footprint and an unreliable aeration system (difficulty of intervention in the event of blockage of diffusers) in addition to the crops chosen more sensitive than vetiver zizania in the face of prolonged exposure to toxic elements such as that the phenol of vegetable waters and the root system are less efficient and shorter than that of vetiver zizania.
L'art antérieur propose une autre solution décrite dans le document de brevet publié sous le numéro FR3025510. Le document décrit un Procédé de traitement des eaux usées industrielles par le couplage d'un réacteur biologique par culture fixée sur supports mobiles et d'un filtre à macrophvtes. Ce dispositif présente l'inconvénient d'être sensible aux variations de charge et à l'intrusion des éléments toxiques (phénols en exemple) en plus de la lente reprise après une longue période d'arrêt ou de démarrage pour la première fois surtout pour le réacteur biologique. En plus de l'emprise foncière importante pour le filtre à macrophyte dans le cas d'utilisation de ce dispositif pour une grande capacité de traitement mais les performances générale reste bonne tant que les deux filtres sont en services ensemble. The prior art proposes another solution described in the patent document published under the number FR3025510. The document describes a process for treating industrial wastewater by coupling a biological reactor by culture fixed on mobile supports and a macrophytic filter. This device has the drawback of being sensitive to variations in load and to the intrusion of toxic elements (phenols for example) in addition to the slow recovery after a long period of shutdown or start-up for the first time, especially for the biological reactor. In addition to the significant land footprint for the macrophyte filter in the case of using this device for a large treatment capacity, but the general performance remains good as long as the two filters are in service together.
L'art antérieur présente aussi L'invention numéro EP 1 857 419 Al concernant un procédé et une installation de traitement d'effluents via le passage des effluents à travers un lit bactérien et au moins une nitrification-dénitrification des boues d'épurations issues du lit bactérien, à l'aide d'un lit planté de roseaux à écoulement vertical, dont une zone inférieure est inondée et une zone supérieure est non inondée. Ce dispositif présente l'inconvénient d'être sensible aux variations de charge et à l'intrusion des éléments toxiques (phénols en exemple) en plus de la lente reprise du lit bactérien après une longue période d'arrêt ou de démarrage pour la première fois en plus des faibles profondeurs des lits plantés de roseaux en comparaison par le système objet de la présente invention. En plus de l'emprise foncière importante pour le filtre à macrophyte dans le cas d'utilisation de ce dispositif pour une grande capacité de traitement de même que le lit bactérien n'est pas adapté pour le traitement des effluents chargés en polyphénoles de margine. The prior art also presents the invention number EP 1 857 419 A1 relating to a method and an installation for the treatment of effluents via the passage of the effluents through a bacterial bed and at least one nitrification-denitrification of the sewage sludge obtained from the bacterial bed, using a bed planted with vertically flowing reeds, with a lower area flooded and an upper area not flooded. This device has the drawback of being sensitive to variations in load and to the intrusion of toxic elements (phenols for example) in addition to the slow recovery of the bacterial bed after a long period of shutdown or start-up for the first time. in addition to the shallow depths of the beds planted with reeds in comparison with the system which is the subject of the present invention. In addition to the significant land footprint for the macrophyte filter in the case of use of this device for a large treatment capacity, just as the trickling filter is not suitable for the treatment of effluents loaded with vegetable water polyphenols.
L'art antérieur présente aussi les solutions présentées par les document des brevets N° W02011157406A1, W02015107174A1 et W02011080578A1 qui décrivent des solutions de traitement de différents effluents individuels ou collectifs par l'utilisation de filtres plantées mais aucun des solution présentées n'utilise la Vétiver Zezania sur gravier avec cannes réglables d'injection d'oxygène comme solution pour le traitement des eaux usées chargées et particulièrement les rejets d'industries de trituration d'olives riche en polyphénoles. The prior art also presents the solutions presented by the patent documents N ° W02011157406A1, W02015107174A1 and W02011080578A1 which describe solutions of treatment of various individual or collective effluents by the use of planted filters, but none of the solutions presented uses Vetiver Zezania on gravel with adjustable oxygen injection rods as a solution for the treatment of contaminated wastewater and particularly wastewater olive grinding industries rich in polyphenols.
■ Exposé de l'invention ■ Disclosure of the invention
L'épuration des eaux usées est devenue une obligation économique et environnementale vue l'extension des villes, la pollution des ressources naturelles et la pénurie en eau que va connaître le monde les années à venir. La pratique de traitement des eaux usées à des fins environnemental (préservation du milieu naturel) ou économique (irrigation, abreuvage...) à la particularité d'être coûteuse lors de sa réalisation, énergivore et demande un suivi permanent et une exploitation experte selon le type de procède adopté en plus de la production de grandes quantités de boues qui reste une problématique des stations d'épurations. Wastewater treatment has become an economic and environmental obligation in view of the expansion of cities, the pollution of natural resources and the water scarcity that the world will experience in the years to come. The practice of treating wastewater for environmental (preservation of the natural environment) or economic (irrigation, watering, etc.) purposes has the particularity of being expensive during its implementation, consuming energy and requires permanent monitoring and expert operation according to the type of procedure adopted in addition to the production of large quantities of sludge which remains a problem for wastewater treatment plants.
Le traitement des eaux usées par filtres plantés connaît un très fort développement depuis ces vingt dernières années. Ce type de système d'épuration est appliqué principalement pour le traitement des effluents domestiques des petites collectivités. Il présente de nombreux avantages :The treatment of wastewater by planted filters has experienced very strong development over the past twenty years. This type of purification system is mainly applied for the treatment of domestic effluents from small communities. It has many advantages:
Une bonne intégration paysagère ; un entretien facile et peu coûteux ; une faible production de boues ; pas de consommation d'énergie ni de produits chimiques ; des bonnes performances épuratoires ; une bonne adaptation aux variations de charge. Good integration into the landscape; easy and inexpensive maintenance; low sludge production; no consumption of energy or chemicals; good purification performance; good adaptation to load variations.
L'objet de la présente invention concerne un dispositif de traitement des eaux usées caractérisé comportant un filtre planté en Vétiver Zizania (ou toute autre plante à système racinaire fin et profond à flux ascendant), un filtre à biochar à flux descendant avec une partie inférieur saturée en eau et réglable par vanne télescopique, et un gravier de culture pour la plante (Vétiver Zizania) et de support de la biomasse épuratrice. The object of the present invention relates to a wastewater treatment device characterized by comprising a filter planted with Vetiver Zizania (or any other plant with a fine and deep root system with upward flow), a downward flow biochar filter with a lower part saturated with water and adjustable by telescopic valve, and a cultivation gravel for the plant (Vetiver Zizania) and support for the purifying biomass.
Ce dispositif comporte également un système d'aération sous forme d'un ensemble de cannes d'injection d'oxygène qui permettent l'aération du dit dispositif, le décolmatage des filtre et/ou l'injection des produits chimiques en cas de besoin. Cette tête d'aération est composé d'une partie extérieure perforée installé sur toute la profondeur des filtres et une partie interne qui est une tête piston recevant une canalisation d'air comprimé venant de n'importe quelle source d'aire comprimée et qui pivote sur toute la hauteur de la canne perforée pour assurer l'arrivée d'C à tous points des filtres. This device also comprises an aeration system in the form of a set of oxygen injection tubes which allow the aeration of said device, the unclogging of the filters and / or the injection of chemicals if necessary. This aeration head is composed of a perforated outer part installed over the entire depth of the filters and an internal part which is a piston head receiving a compressed air pipe coming from any compressed air source and which pivots. over the entire height of the perforated rod to ensure the arrival of C at all points of the filters.
■ Brève description des figures ■ Brief description of the figures
La figure 1 présente un Dessin d'ensemble du dispositif de traitement des eaux usées en période des margines par Filtre Vétiver Zizania à flux ascendant à aération forcé par cannes d'injection O2 réglables combiné à un filtre de Biochar de boues. FIG. 1 shows an overall drawing of the wastewater treatment device during the vegetable water treatment period by Zizania Vetiver Filter with upward flow and forced aeration by adjustable O2 injection rods combined with a sludge Biochar filter.
1. Arrivée des eaux usées traitées primairement. 1. Arrival of primary treated wastewater.
2. Vétiver Zizania (plante vivace très résistante à système racinaire profond). 2. Vetiver Zizania (very resistant perennial with a deep root system).
3. Canne réglable d'injection d'oxygène (figure 2). 3. Adjustable oxygen injection rod (figure 2).
4. Puits d'échantillonnage. 4. Sampling wells.
5. Récupération des eaux traitées par filtre Vétiver zizania. 5. Recovery of water treated by Vetiver zizania filter.
6. Système de répartition des eaux traitées par filtre vétiver sur filtre Biochar. 6. Distribution system for water treated by vetiver filter on Biochar filter.
7. Retour en tête de station des eaux de vidange. 8. Vanne télescopique de régulation du niveau du seuil saturé en eau et sortie des eaux traitées. 7. Return to the drain water station head. 8. Telescopic valve for regulating the level of the saturated water threshold and outlet for treated water.
La figure 2 présente un dessin détaillé des cannes réglables d'injection d'oxygène. Figure 2 shows a detailed drawing of the adjustable oxygen injection rods.
■ Description détaillée de l'invention ■ Detailed description of the invention
L'invention concerne un nouveau Dispositif de traitement biologique des eaux usées urbaine, industriel ou mixte et surtout les eaux usées riche en phénols des margines. The invention relates to a novel device for the biological treatment of urban, industrial or mixed wastewater and above all of wastewater rich in vegetable water phenols.
Ce dispositif met en place le combine de trois systèmes d'épuration (boues activée, filtre planté et lit bactérienne) dans une même enceinte avec un flux ascendant de l'influent à traiter et forcé par l'injection d'oxygène toute la hauteur du dispositif par un système conçu spécialement pour ce dispositif (figure 2) et qui servira en même temps au nettoyage du dispositif en cas de colmatage.This device sets up the combination of three purification systems (activated sludge, planted filter and bacterial bed) in the same enclosure with an upward flow of the influent to be treated and forced by the injection of oxygen all the way up the device by a system specially designed for this device (figure 2) and which will serve at the same time for cleaning the device in the event of clogging.
Ce dispositif sera complété par un filtre à Biochar de boues de STEP pour ajouter une épuration supplémentaire au dispositif initial avant rejet des eaux épurées et qui sera aussi doté de cannes d'injections d'oxygène pour le décolmatage du filtre Biochar, afin de résoudre les problèmes des stations d'épuration de types biologique, de minimiser la consommation énergétique et fiabiliser le rendement et valoriser les boues de STEP avec une exploitation simple toute en s'intégrant dans le milieu . This device will be supplemented by a Biochar filter for WWTP sludge to add additional purification to the initial device before discharge of the treated water and which will also be equipped with oxygen injection rods for unclogging the Biochar filter, in order to resolve the problems. problems of biological type treatment plants, to minimize energy consumption and make the yield more reliable and recover the wastewater treatment sludge with simple operation while being integrated into the environment.
L'invention a notamment pour objectif de pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur. The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objectif de proposer un système performant de traitement des eaux usées urbaine industriel ou mixte et présentant une emprise foncière réduite ; une exploitation facile et une consommation énergétique légère tout en assurant un rendement épuratoire meilleur que les rendements des solutions proposées par l'art antérieur. More specifically, the object of the invention is to provide an efficient system for the treatment of industrial or mixed urban wastewater and having a reduced land footprint; easy operation and light energy consumption while ensuring a better purification yield than the yields of the solutions proposed by the prior art.
Ces objectifs, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront par la suite, sont atteints grâce à l'invention qui a pour objet un Dispositif de traitement des eaux usées en période des margine par Filtres Vétiver Zizania jumelé avec un filtre à Biochar à flux ascendant à aération forcé par cannes d'injection O2 réglables. Le dispositif comprenant deux bassins ou excavations de purification mise en série destiné à recevoir des eaux usées traitées primairement. These objectives, as well as others which will appear subsequently, are achieved thanks to the invention which relates to a device for the treatment of wastewater in the period of vegetable water by Zizania Vetiver Filters paired with a Biochar filter with upward flow at forced ventilation by adjustable O2 injection rods. The device comprising two purification basins or excavations placed in series intended to receive primary treated wastewater.
Le premier bassin qui est le filtre à Vétiver Zizania saturé en eau comportant au moins une couche de matériaux filtrants ; cette couche saturée en eaux comprenant des moyen d'alimentation en eaux brute traitée primairement installés au fond du filtre balayant toute la surface pour assurer le flux continue bien repartie et ascendant (du bas vers le haut) . The first basin, which is the Zizania Vetiver filter saturated with water, comprising at least one layer of filtering materials; this water-saturated layer comprising raw water supply means treated primarily installed at the bottom of the filter sweeping the entire surface to ensure the continuous flow well distributed and upward (from bottom to top).
Le filtre Vétiver Zizania est dopé par un système d'aération active innovant qui assure l'approvisionnement du filtre en oxygène nécessaire à la biomasse épuratrice fixée sur les supports (gravier ou racines) en complément d'oxygène secrété par les racines de la vétiver zizania pour booster la cinétique de dégradation des polluants dissous dans les eaux . The Zizania Vetiver filter is boosted by an innovative active aeration system which ensures the supply of the oxygen filter necessary for the purifying biomass fixed on the supports (gravel or roots) in addition to the oxygen secreted by the roots of the Zizania vetiver to boost the degradation kinetics of pollutants dissolved in water.
Le premier filtre qui est le filtre Vétiver Zizania nous donne la possibilité d'avoir une profondeur minimum de 3 m grâce au système racinaire profond et fin de la plante en plus du système d'aération à cannes d'injection réglable d'oxygène qui nous permet d'avoir des profondeurs plus grandes (supérieur à 3 m). Le deuxième filtre est un bassin ou excavation à Biochar de boues issues des station d'épurations après pyrolyse et sélection des granules grossières qui serviront de matériau filtrant et support au microorganismes qui participeront à la finition du traitement débuté par le filtre à vétiver Zizania.The first filter which is the Zizania Vetiver filter gives us the possibility of having a minimum depth of 3 m thanks to the deep and fine root system of the plant in addition to the aeration system with adjustable oxygen injection rods that we allows for greater depths (greater than 3 m). The second filter is a basin or Biochar excavation of sludge from wastewater treatment plants after pyrolysis and selection of coarse granules which will serve as filtering material and support for microorganisms which will participate in finishing the treatment started by the Zizania vetiver filter.
Le matériau filtrant peut être le Biochar des boues de STEP seul ou un mélange entre Biochar et sable fin. The filter material can be Biochar from WWTP sludge alone or a mixture of Biochar and fine sand.
Le filtre à Biochar est caractérisé par une partie inférieure saturée en eaux située dans le fond du bassin pour assurer un environnement anoxique pour favoriser la dénitrification et comprenant des moyens de drainage tel qu'une vanne télescopique pour régler la hauteur saturée en eau. une partie supérieure non saturée en eaux située au-dessus de la partie inférieure et de même composition, la couche supérieure comportant un système d'aspersion ou des drains d'alimentation en eau venant du premier filtre(filtre vétiver Zizania) pour assurer la bonne répartition d'eau à traiter sur l'ensemble du filtre et des cannes d'injection d'air comprimé pour décolmatage du filtre en cas de besoin. La diffusion depuis la surface assure l'apport en oxygène d'une façon passive à la partie supérieur du filtre à Biochar et de la maintenir en condition aérobie. The Biochar filter is characterized by a lower part saturated with water located in the bottom of the basin to provide an anoxic environment to promote denitrification and comprising drainage means such as a telescopic valve to adjust the height saturated with water. an upper part unsaturated with water located above the lower part and of the same composition, the upper layer comprising a sprinkling system or water supply drains coming from the first filter (Zizania vetiver filter) to ensure good distribution of the water to be treated over the entire filter and the compressed air injection pipes to unclog the filter if necessary. Diffusion from the surface ensures the oxygen supply passively to the upper part of the Biochar filter and maintains it in an aerobic condition.
Le dispositif de traitement selon l'invention est adapté au traitement de tous types des eaux usées : urbaine, industrielle et mixte (des tests sont réalisés sur des eaux usées à 120 mg/l de phénols totaux).The treatment device according to the invention is suitable for treating all types of wastewater: urban, industrial and mixed (tests are carried out on wastewater at 120 mg / l of total phenols).
Un dispositif de traitement selon l'invention permet de réduire l'emprise foncière grâce à la profondeur qu'on peut avoir suite à l'utilisation des plantes vivaces à système racinaire fin et profond, en plus des cannes d'injection d'oxygène qui est un système innovant d'aération et de décolmatage de l'ensembles des filtres objets de l'invention. Ce système d'aération à l'avantage d'avoir une installation facile et un entretien simple (la surface nécessaire pour 1 EH est de 0.5 m2 pour le filtre vétiver zizania et 0.25 m2 pour le filtre à biochar). A treatment device according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the land footprint thanks to the depth that can be obtained following the use of perennials with a fine and deep root system, in addition to the oxygen injection rods which is an innovative system for aeration and unclogging of the sets of filters which are the subject of the invention. This aeration system has the advantage of having easy installation and simple maintenance (the surface required for 1 pe is 0.5 m 2 for the zizania vetiver filter and 0.25 m 2 for the biochar filter).
De plus, le dispositif assure des rendements élevés sur les paramètres MES, DCO, DB05, NTK et Pt, ainsi que sur l'azote global en plus ,1a résistance du vétiver Zizania confère à cette invention un pouvoir d'élimination des produits chimique toxique pour la biomasse en cas des dispositifs intensifs. Il est en outre à noter que, l'invention conserve tous les avantages des filtres plantés, lit bactérien et boues activées qui sont : la bonne intégration paysagère, entretien facile et peu coûteux, faible production de boues, consommation d'énergie réduite, pas de consommation de produits chimiques, très bonne performances épuratoires, une bonne adaptation aux variations de charge, reprise très rapide après arrêt prolongé et très bonne résistance face à l'intrusion des produits toxiques en plus de la valorisation des boues de STEP (filtre à Biochar à base de boues de STEP pyrolysées). In addition, the device ensures high yields on the MES, COD, DB05, NTK and Pt parameters, as well as on the overall nitrogen in addition, the resistance of Zizania vetiver gives this invention a power of elimination of toxic chemicals. for biomass in case of intensive devices. It should also be noted that the invention retains all the advantages of planted filters, bacterial bed and activated sludge which are: good landscape integration, easy and inexpensive maintenance, low production of sludge, reduced energy consumption, no consumption of chemicals, very good purification performance, good adaptation to load variations, very rapid recovery after prolonged shutdown and very good resistance to the intrusion of toxic products in addition to the recovery of WWTP sludge (Biochar filter based on pyrolyzed WWTP sludge).
Suite à ce qui précède le dispositif objet de l'invention est composé de : Following the above, the device which is the subject of the invention is composed of:
• un premier filtre d'une hauteur de 3m minimum, ce filtre et un filtre de gravier sur toute la hauteur implantée de Vétiver Zizania ou toute autre plante vivace à système racinaire fin et profond. L'alimentation de ce filtre se fait par un réseau de drain repartie sur tout le fond du filtre pour bien repartir l'arrivée des eaux traitées primairement sur tout le filtre. La récupération de ces eaux après traitement sur le premier filtre se fait par le haut du filtre à Vétiver Zizania .L'aération du filtre Vétiver Zizania est assuré par des canne d'injection d'oxygène mise en place à partir du haut du filtre et pénètre toute la hauteur pour assurer la demande d'oxygène à la biomasse fixée ,en supplément d'oxygène produit par les racines de la Vétiver Zizania à tous points du filtre incluant même la partie en dehors de la portée des racines de la plante utilisée (la Vétiver Zizania). • a first filter with a minimum height of 3m, this filter and a gravel filter over the entire height planted with Vetiver Zizania or any other perennial plant with a fine and deep root system. This filter is supplied by a drain network distributed over the entire bottom of the filter to distribute the arrival of the water treated primarily over the entire filter. The recovery of this water after treatment on the first filter is done through the top of the Zizania Vetiver filter. The ventilation of the Zizania Vetiver filter is provided by oxygen injection rods placed from the top of the filter and penetrates all the height to ensure the oxygen demand at the fixed biomass, in addition to oxygen produced by the roots of Vetiver Zizania at all points of the filter including even the part outside the reach of the roots of the plant used (the Vetiver Zizania).
• un deuxième filtre d'une hauteur de 3 m minimum, ce filtre est un filtre de Biochar de boues de STEP seul ou un mélange de Biochar de boues de STEP et de sable fin. Ce deuxième filtre ou filtre à Biochar est décomposé en deux parie : • a second filter with a minimum height of 3 m, this filter is a Biochar filter from WWTP sludge alone or a mixture of Biochar from WWTP sludge and fine sand. This second filter or Biochar filter is broken down into two parts:
La partie supérieure présente une hauteur d'au moins la moitié de la hauteur du filtre .La régulation des hauteurs entre la partir supérieur et inferieur du filtre Biochar est assuré par une vanne télescopique pour garder une partie inferieur saturée en eau et une partie supérieur libre. L'alimentation du filtre à Biochar ce fait par aspersion depuis la surface du filtre ou par des drains d'alimentation (percolation vertical) par les eaux traitées venant du premier filtre à vétiver zizania. Des cannes d'injection d'air comprimé réglables sont installées sur la surface du filtre à Biochar et pénètre sur toute la profondeur du dit filtre pour décolemater le filtre si nécessaire ou pour l'apport d'oxygène en cas de besoin. (cas de grande profondeurs ou l'apport passive d'oxygène ne suffit pas).The upper part has a height of at least half of the height of the filter.The height regulation between the upper and lower part of the Biochar filter is provided by a telescopic valve to keep a lower part saturated with water and an upper part free . The Biochar filter is fed by sprinkling from the surface of the filter or by feed drains (vertical percolation) by the treated water coming from the first zizania vetiver filter. Adjustable compressed air injection rods are installed on the surface of the Biochar filter and penetrate the entire depth of said filter to unclog the filter if necessary or to supply oxygen if necessary. (case of great depths where the passive supply of oxygen is not sufficient).
Selon une caractéristique particulière, l'apport d'eaux usées dans les filtres de purification (filtre vétiver zizania et filtre à biochar) est assuré par un système continu (pompage ou écoulement gravitaire). According to one particular characteristic, the supply of wastewater to the purification filters (vetiver zizania filter and biochar filter) is provided by a continuous system (pumping or gravity flow).
Un tel système d'apport d'eaux usées permet d'avoir un flux continu et empêche le dégagement des mauvaises odeurs dans la partie saturé du filtre à biochar. Such a wastewater supply system makes it possible to have a continuous flow and prevents the release of bad odors in the saturated part of the biochar filter.
Suivant un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le système d'aération actif comporte un ensemble de cannes d'injection d'oxygène composé d'une partie extérieur perforée installé sur toute la profondeur des filtres et une partie interne qui est une tête piston recevant une canalisation d'air comprimé venant de n'importe quelle sources d'aire comprimée. Ladite tête pivote sur toute la hauteur de la canne perforée pour assurer l'arrivée d'C à tous points de nos filtres ;soit pour l'aération soit pour le décollematage, soit pour l'injection des produits chimiques en cas de besoin. Ces cannes sont réparties essentiellement sur toute la surface pour aérer, décollemater ou injecter des produits chimiques en cas de besoin de manière homogène sur la totalité des deux filtres (ce système d'aération peut être utilisé dans d'autres dispositifs en dehors de l'invention en objet).According to a preferred embodiment, the active aeration system comprises a set of oxygen injection tubes composed of a perforated outer part installed over the entire depth of the filters and an internal part which is a piston head receiving a pipe. compressed air from any source of compressed air. Said head swivels over the entire height of the perforated rod to ensure the arrival of C at all points of our filters; either for aeration or for detachment, or for the injection of chemicals if necessary. These rods are distributed essentially over the entire surface to aerate, detach or inject chemicals if needed evenly over all of the two filters (this aeration system can be used in other devices apart from the invention in object).
Avantageusement, le système d'aération actif de filtre vétiver zizania est un système intermittent.Advantageously, the active ventilation system of the zizania vetiver filter is an intermittent system.
Le système d'aération ainsi conçu permet d'une part de réduire la consommation d'énergie, et d'autre part d'améliorer le traitement de l'azote global en favorisant les réactions de nitrification et dénitrification avec possibilité d'utilisation de ce système pour une possible injection de produit chimique dans les filtres. Le système d'aération à canne d'injection réglable présente l'avantage d'être accessible à tout moment et facile d'entretien à l'encontre des diffuseurs qui nécessite la détérioration des filtres plantés pour l'intervention en cas de collematage. The aeration system thus designed makes it possible on the one hand to reduce energy consumption, and on the other hand to improve the treatment of the overall nitrogen by promoting the reactions of nitrification and denitrification with the possibility of using this system for a possible injection of chemical product into the filters. The aeration system with adjustable injection rod has the advantage of being accessible at all times and easy to maintain against diffusers which require the deterioration of the filters installed for intervention in the event of sticking.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le système d'aération actif intermittent peut être gérer par compteur horaire et/ou par la détection de manque d'oxygène et/ou potentiel redox anormal dans la gamme de traitement choisi ;ces capteurs contrôlent aussi la position d'injection par le piston de notre système d'aération ; ces capteurs sont installés dans des puits d'échantillonnage éparpillés sur toute la surface des filtres à différentes hauteurs pour assurer le bon fonctionnement des filtres et une représentativité d'échantillonnage. According to one embodiment of the invention, the intermittent active aeration system can be managed by an hour meter and / or by the detection of lack of oxygen and / or abnormal redox potential in the chosen treatment range; these sensors control also the injection position by the piston of our aeration system; these sensors are installed in scattered sample wells over the entire surface of the filters at different heights to ensure proper filter operation and sampling representativeness.
Le dispositif composé des deux filtres Vétiver Zizania et Biochar doit être alimenté avec des eaux usées brutes préalablement prétraitées et traitées primairement pour éliminer les déchets les plus grossiers, les sables et la matière en suspension décantable et fermentescible. Les eaux usées sont ensuite envoyées au fond du filtre Vétiver Zizania, grâce à une rampe d'alimentation en eaux usées installés au fond ; ces eaux traitées par le filtre vétiver zizania sont ensuite aspersées à la surface du filtre biochar. L'effluent final sera rejeté en milieu naturel ou valorisé à sa sortie de la vanne télescopique de régulation de la hauteur en eau du filtre Biochar. The device made up of the two Vetiver Zizania and Biochar filters must be supplied with raw wastewater pre-pretreated and primary treated to eliminate the coarsest waste, sands and decantable and fermentable suspended matter. The wastewater is then sent to the bottom of the Vetiver Zizania filter, thanks to a wastewater supply ramp installed at the bottom; this water treated by the zizania vetiver filter is then sprinkled on the surface of the biochar filter. The final effluent will be discharged into the natural environment or recovered when it leaves the telescopic valve for regulating the water height of the Biochar filter.
L'alimentation est de type continue gravitaire ou par pompage. The feed is continuous by gravity or by pumping.
Le dispositif présenté est basée sur le combine des point fort de trois dispositif d'épuration de type biologique à savoir : boues activée, lit bactérien et filtre planté (Figure 1) complété par un filtre à Biochar de boues de STEP . L'invention est une culture de Vétiver Zizania (ou toute autre plantes vivace à système racinaire fin et profond) sur du gravier fin avec une densité de (8 à 12 pouces de vétiver zizania/m2) avec un flux ascendant des eaux brutes traitées primairement et une injection d'air à différentes hauteurs des bassins de culture et récupération des eaux épurées par le dessus ; permettant ainsi d'augmenter la surface de contact avec la biomasse fixée et avec les racines de la Vétiver Zizania et de réduire considérablement la production des boues secondaire ; ce dispositif sera compléter par un filtre à Biochar de boues de STEP, éliminant ainsi le rôle des clarificateurs , améliorant le rendement épuratoire et valorisant les boues de STEP. The device presented is based on the combination of the strong points of three biological type purification devices, namely: activated sludge, bacterial bed and planted filter (Figure 1) supplemented by a Biochar filter for WWTP sludge. The invention is a cultivation of Vetiver Zizania (or any other perennial plant with a fine and deep root system) on fine gravel with a density of (8 to 12 inches of vetiver zizania / m 2 ) with an upward flow of treated raw water primarily and an injection of air at different heights of the culture basins and recovery of the purified water from above; thus making it possible to increase the contact surface with the fixed biomass and with the roots of Vetiver Zizania and to considerably reduce the production of secondary sludge; this device will be completed by a Biochar filter for WWTP sludge, thus eliminating the role of clarifiers, improving purification efficiency and recovering WWTP sludge.
La surface spécifique nécessaire pour un Equivalent habitant pour ce dispositif est estimée à (0.5m2/EH pour le filtre vétiver zizania et 0.25 m2/EH pour le filtre à biochar) suite aux différents essaies faites sur le prototype. The specific surface area required for an inhabitant equivalent for this device is estimated at (0.5m 2 / pe for the zizania vetiver filter and 0.25 m 2 / pe for the biochar filter) following the various tests carried out on the prototype.
Selon la figure 2, le dispositif objet de l'invention comporte un système innovant d'aération de la biomasse fixée sur le gravier et sur les racines de la culture utilisées, il s'agit d'un piston d'injection d'air comprimé monté sur une chemise à rainures longitudinale permettant une aération à différentes hauteurs et par la suite une meilleur répartition d'oxygène toute la hauteur du dispositif et une possibilité d'avoir des profondeurs plus grandes et une surface réduite du terrain exploité pour le filtre objet de l'invention. Ce système d'aération peut aussi être un outil de decollematage des filtres (filtre Vétiver Zizania et filtre à Biochar ou un moyen d'injection de produit chimiques). According to Figure 2, the device of the invention comprises an innovative system of aeration of the biomass fixed on the gravel and on the roots of the crop used, it is a piston for injecting compressed air. mounted on a jacket with longitudinal grooves allowing aeration at different heights and subsequently a better distribution of oxygen all the height of the device and a possibility of having greater depths and a reduced surface area of the ground exploited for the filter object of invention. This aeration system can also be a filter removal tool (Vetiver Zizania filter and Biochar filter or a means of injecting chemicals).
Le dispositif que nous avons inventé spécialement dans le but de traitement des eaux usées en période des margines et qui peuvent avoir une concentration moyenne journalière de 40mg/l de PPT (polyphénols totale) exemple de la ville de FES, permet de résoudre les problèmes cités précédemment. Il tolère les variations brusques de charge, il supporte les intrusion de produits chimiques avec une reprise rapide après arrêt prolongé en plus de sa consommation énergétique modérée et la facilité de mise en place et intervention suite au système d'aération conçus spécialement pour bien repartir GO2 injecté à différentes hauteurs du dispositif en plus de la production d'C par les racines de la Vétiver Zizania qui peuvent atteindre 2,5 m de profondeur et qui serviront en plus des galets, au supportage de la masse biologique épuratrice et participent à la dépollution des eaux en même temps que la biomasse épuratrice, toute en générant de la paille qui peut être valorisée en aliment de bétail ou combustible et réduire la trace carbone du milieu ;ce dispositif sera complété par un filtre à Biochar de boues issu de STEP pour améliorer le rendement d'épuration tout en valorisant la boues qui posaient un réel débat. La particularité de ce dispositif c'est qu'il permet de traiter une large gamme des eaux usées avec une exploitation facile, et économique en terme de besoin énergétique et ne génère pas de pollution visuelle (moussage) ou olfactif (odeur de disfonctionnement) toute en s'intégrant dans le milieu et donnant des résultats de traitement meilleur que les procédés de l'art antérieur (Boues Activée, disques biologique, lit bactérien, lagunage ou filtre planté), le prototype réalisé (figure 1) ainsi que les résultats obtenue durant six mois de tests sont présentés ci-dessous(rendement du filtre à Biochar non inclus). The device that we invented especially for the purpose of treating wastewater during the period of vegetable waters and which can have an average daily concentration of 40 mg / l of PPT (total polyphenols), example of the city of FES, makes it possible to solve the problems mentioned previously. It tolerates sudden load variations, it supports chemical intrusion with a rapid recovery after prolonged shutdown in addition to its moderate energy consumption and the ease of installation and intervention following the ventilation system specially designed to restart GO2 injected at different heights of the device in addition to the production of C by the roots of Vetiver Zizania which can reach 2.5 m in depth and which will serve in addition to the pebbles, to support the purifying biological mass and participate in depollution water at the same time as the purifying biomass, while generating straw which can be used as animal feed or fuel and reduce the carbon footprint of the environment; this device will be supplemented by a Biochar sludge filter from WWTP to improve the purification efficiency while enhancing the sludge which posed a real debate. The particularity of this device is that it makes it possible to treat a wide range of wastewater with easy operation, and economical in terms of energy need and does not generate visual pollution (foaming) or olfactory (odor of malfunction) any by integrating into the medium and giving treatment results better than the methods of the prior art (activated sludge, biological discs, bacterial bed, lagoon or planted filter), the prototype produced (figure 1) as well as the results obtained during six months of tests are presented below (performance of the Biochar filter not included).
Exemple 1 Example 1
Le tableau 1 présente les Résultats des tests pratiqués sur le nouveau dispositif de traitement des eaux usées avant et après réception des margines. Table 1 shows the results of the tests carried out on the new wastewater treatment device before and after reception of the vegetable waters.
Tableau 1 : Résultats des tests pratiqués sur le nouveau dispositif de traitement des eaux usées avant et après réception des margines
Figure imgf000013_0001
Table 1: Results of the tests carried out on the new wastewater treatment device before and after reception of the vegetable waters
Figure imgf000013_0001
Exemple 2 Example 2
Le tableau 2 présente les résultats moyens de traitement des eaux usées sans phénols totale avec le dispositif objet de l'invention Tableau 2 : Résultats moyen de traitement des eaux usées avec phénols totale avec le dispositif objet de l'invention
Figure imgf000014_0001
Table 2 shows the average results of wastewater treatment without total phenols with the device which is the subject of the invention. Table 2: Average results of wastewater treatment with total phenols with the device which is the subject of the invention
Figure imgf000014_0001
Ce dispositif peut être une installation neuve ou une amélioration sur des stations de lagunage naturel, aéré ou filtre planté, en gardant la structure de base et en ajoutant les adaptations nécessaires pour la mise en place du nouveau dispositif (alimentation profondeur des filtre, récupération des eaux épurées, support de culture de la Vétiver Zizania , vidange des filtre remplissage en Biochar de boues de STEP . ). En plus d'installation du système d'aération conçu spécialement pour la présente invention et qui sera mis en place pour assurer l'injection d'oxygène toute la hauteur du dispositif et le nettoyage périodique des filtre selon la nécessitée.This device can be a new installation or an improvement on natural lagoon stations, aerated or planted filter, keeping the basic structure and adding the necessary adaptations for the installation of the new device (depth feed of the filters, recovery of purified water, Zizania vetiver culture medium, emptying of filters and Biochar filling of WWTP sludge.). In addition to installing the aeration system specially designed for the present invention and which will be set up to ensure the injection of oxygen to the entire height of the device and the periodic cleaning of the filters as required.
Des puits de vérification et de prise d'échantillons seront mises en place pour la surveillance de la qualité du traitement et le suivi du procès via l'instrumentation de mesure du redox et/ou oxygène.Verification and sampling wells will be set up for monitoring the quality of the treatment and monitoring the process via the redox and / or oxygen measurement instrumentation.
L'asservissement du système d'aération spécial sera en fonction de la valeur du redox et/ou oxygène pour déterminer la hauteur d'injection d'oxygène dans le dispositif. The control of the special aeration system will depend on the value of the redox and / or oxygen to determine the height of oxygen injection into the device.
Les nouvelles installations par ce dispositif peuvent être des excavations avec membrane isolante pour éviter les infiltrations vers la nappe réduisant ainsi les charges de construction en dur. New installations using this device can be excavations with an insulating membrane to prevent infiltration into the water table, thus reducing hard construction loads.
L'invention concerne un nouveau dispositif d'épuration des eaux usées chargées en polluant industriel et surtout les margine des unités de trituration d'huile d'olive et pour résoudre les problèmes cités précédemment, et qui présente plusieurs avantages à savoir : The invention relates to a new device for purifying wastewater laden with industrial pollutant and especially the vegetable water from olive oil crushing units and for solving the problems mentioned above, and which has several advantages, namely:
- Facilité de mise en place. - Ease of installation.
- Peut-être une amélioration sur une installation existante (lagunage, filtre planté..).- Perhaps an improvement on an existing installation (lagooning, planted filter, etc.).
- Exploitation facile. - Easy to operate.
- Tolérance d'intrusions des produits toxiques. - Tolerance of intrusion of toxic products.
- Grande tolérance aux phénols de margines : à 20 mg/l croissance normal du Vétiver Zizania et à 80 mg/l signes de stress (plante très résistante). - High tolerance to vegetable water phenols: at 20 mg / l normal growth of Vetiver Zizania and at 80 mg / l signs of stress (very resistant plant).
- Peu sensible aux variations des charges. - Not very sensitive to variations in loads.
- Reprise rapide après arrêt prolongé. - Quick recovery after prolonged stoppage.
- Elimination des odeurs nauséabonde en cas de dysfonctionnement des autres dispositifs. - Intégration paysagère (verdure toute l'année). - Elimination of foul odors in the event of malfunction of other devices. - Landscape integration (greenery all year round).
- Réduction de la consommation énergétique. - Reduction of energy consumption.
- Système d'aération très optimisé conçu spécialement pour cette invention (figure 2).- Highly optimized ventilation system designed especially for this invention (Figure 2).
- Gros oeuvres en prétraitement et traitement primaire. - Large works in pretreatment and primary treatment.
- Substitution des clarificateurs par des filtres à Biochar des boues de STEP. - Substitution of clarifiers by Biochar filters for WWTP sludge.
- Valorisation des boues de STEP. - Valorization of WWTP sludge.
- Surface nécessaire : 0.5m2/EH pour le filtre vétiver zizania et 0.25m2/EH pour le filtre à biochar, pour une profondeur de S m minimum. - Required surface area: 0.5m 2 / pe for the zizania vetiver filter and 0.25m 2 / pe for the biochar filter, for a minimum depth of S m.
- Abattement des concentrations de Carbonne, phosphates totale et azote très intéressant. - Very interesting reduction in carbon, total phosphates and nitrogen concentrations.
- Abattement très intéressant même en période de rejets des margines. - Very interesting reduction even in period of rejections of vegetable waters.
- Possibilité de valorisation de la paille de Vétiver Zizania en aliment pour bétail. - Possibility of valuing the straw of Vetiver Zizania as animal feed.
■ Application industrielle ■ Industrial application
Selon l'invention, le dispositif peut être appliqué pour le traitement des eaux usées conventionnelles ou urbaine chargées en pollution industriel et surtout les phénols des margines, comme l'invention peut être une solution simple pour améliorer le rendement des stations biologique de traitement des eaux usées existantes (lagune aérée, lagune naturelle, filtre planté ...) et constitue un mécanisme simple de traitement de réalisation et d'exploitation. According to the invention, the device can be applied for the treatment of conventional or urban wastewater loaded with industrial pollution and especially the phenols of vegetable waters, as the invention can be a simple solution to improve the performance of biological water treatment stations. existing waste (aerated lagoon, natural lagoon, planted filter, etc.) and constitutes a simple mechanism for processing, construction and operation.
Le système d'aération active conçu spécialement pour le dispositif objet de l'invention peut servir à d'autres procédés en dehors du domaine d'épuration. The active aeration system designed especially for the device which is the subject of the invention can be used for other processes outside the purification field.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1. Dispositif de traitement des eaux usées caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : 1. Device for treating wastewater characterized in that it comprises:
> Un filtre planté en Vétiver Zizania, ou toute autre plante à système racinaire fin et profond à flux ascendant ; > A filter planted with Vetiver Zizania, or any other plant with a fine and deep root system with an upward flow;
> Un filtre à biochar à flux descendant avec une partie inférieur saturée en eau et réglable par vanne télescopique ; et > A down-flow biochar filter with a lower part saturated with water and adjustable by telescopic valve; and
> Un gravier de culture pour la plante Vétiver Zizania et de support de la biomasse épuratrice. > A cultivation gravel for the Vetiver Zizania plant and a support for the purifying biomass.
2. Dispositif de traitement des eaux usées, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un système d'aération sous forme d'un ensemble de cannes d'injection d'oxygène qui permettent l'aération du dispositif, le décolmatage des filtre et/ou l'injection des produits chimiques en cas de besoin, composé de : 2. Device for treating wastewater, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an aeration system in the form of a set of oxygen injection rods which allow the device to be ventilated, unclogging. filters and / or injection of chemicals if necessary, consisting of:
> une partie extérieure perforée installé sur toute la profondeur des filtres ; > a perforated exterior part installed over the entire depth of the filters;
> une partie interne qui est une tête piston recevant une canalisation d'air comprimé venant de n'importe quelle source d'aire comprimée et qui pivote sur toute la hauteur de la canne perforée pour assurer l'arrivée d'C à tous points des filtres. > an internal part which is a piston head receiving a compressed air pipe coming from any source of compressed air and which pivots over the entire height of the perforated rod to ensure the arrival of C. filters.
3. Dispositif de traitement des eaux usées, selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce le système d'aération est géré par un compteur horaire et/ou par la détection de manque d'oxygène et/ou potentiel redox anormal dans la gamme de traitement choisi ; en se basant sur des capteurs installés dans des puits d'échantillonnage éparpillés sur toute la surface des filtres. 3. Device for treating wastewater, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the aeration system is managed by an hour meter and / or by the detection of lack of oxygen and / or abnormal redox potential in the range. treatment chosen; based on sensors installed in sample wells scattered over the entire surface of the filters.
4. Dispositif de traitement des eaux usées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le filtre planté en Vétiver Zizania comporte au moins une couche de matériau filtrant saturée en eaux via des moyen d'alimentation en eaux brute traitée primairement installés au fond du filtre et balayant toute la surface pour assurer un flux continue, bien repartie et ascendant. 4. Device for treating wastewater, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter planted with Vetiver Zizania comprises at least one layer of filter material saturated with water via raw water supply means treated primarily installed. at the bottom of the filter and sweeping the entire surface to ensure a continuous flow, well distributed and upward.
5. Dispositif de traitement des eaux usées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il peut avoir une profondeur minimale de 3 mètres grâce au système racinaire profond et fin de la plante, et cette profondeur peut dépasser 3 mètres grâce à l'intégration du système d'aération à cannes d'injections d'oxygène. 5. Device for treating wastewater, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can have a minimum depth of 3 meters thanks to the deep and fine root system of the plant, and this depth can exceed 3 meters thanks the integration of the aeration system with oxygen injection rods.
6. Dispositif de traitement des eaux usées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les racines du Vétiver Zizania secrétent de l'oxygène qui, en complément de l'oxygène injecté par le système d'aération permet de booster la cinétique de dégradation des polluants dissous dans les eaux. 6. Device for treating wastewater, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roots of Vetiver Zizania secrete oxygen which, in addition to the oxygen injected by the aeration system makes it possible to boost the kinetics of degradation of pollutants dissolved in water.
7. Dispositif de traitement secondaire des eaux usées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dit dispositif peut être mis en place en utilisant les deux filtres ou un des deux filtre seules ou en complément à un autre dispositif de traitement de l'art antérieur . 7. Device for secondary treatment of wastewater, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said device can be implemented using the two filters or one of the two filters alone or in addition to another treatment device. of the prior art.
8. Dispositif de traitement secondaire des eaux usées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les filtres composant du dispositif peuvent être accolés ou lier par n'importe quel moyen assurant le drainage des eaux du filtre vétiver zizania au filtre biochar. 8. Device for secondary treatment of wastewater, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filters component of the device can be attached or link by any means ensuring the drainage of water from the vetiver zizania filter to the biochar filter. .
9. Dispositif de traitement secondaire des eaux usées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le filtre à Biochar est composé de boues issues des station d'épurations après pyrolyse et sélection des granules grossières qui serviront de matériau filtrant et support au microorganismes , soient seules ou en combinaison avec du sable fin. 9. Device for secondary treatment of wastewater, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Biochar filter is composed of sludge from purification stations after pyrolysis and selection of coarse granules which will serve as filter material and support. to microorganisms, either alone or in combination with fine sand.
10. Dispositif de traitement secondaire des eaux usées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le filtre à Biochar comporte une partie inférieure saturée en eaux située dans le fond du bassin permettant d'assurer un environnement anoxique pour favoriser la dénitrification et comprenant des moyens de drainage et de régulation de la hauteur saturée en eau tel qu'une vanne télescopique . 10. Device for secondary treatment of wastewater, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Biochar filter comprises a lower part saturated with water located in the bottom of the basin making it possible to ensure an anoxic environment to promote denitrification. and comprising means for draining and regulating the height saturated with water, such as a telescopic valve.
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