WO2021243739A1 - 分体式电子听诊器 - Google Patents

分体式电子听诊器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021243739A1
WO2021243739A1 PCT/CN2020/095121 CN2020095121W WO2021243739A1 WO 2021243739 A1 WO2021243739 A1 WO 2021243739A1 CN 2020095121 W CN2020095121 W CN 2020095121W WO 2021243739 A1 WO2021243739 A1 WO 2021243739A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
auscultation
module
electronic stethoscope
housing
circuit board
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/095121
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹福在
彭勋
乔华
徐淑凤
齐曦明
刘丰遂
卢宏志
彭卫平
李艳静
何平
Original Assignee
秦皇岛市第一医院
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Application filed by 秦皇岛市第一医院 filed Critical 秦皇岛市第一医院
Publication of WO2021243739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021243739A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
    • A61B7/02—Stethoscopes
    • A61B7/04—Electric stethoscopes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an electronic stethoscope, and in particular to a split electronic stethoscope suitable for use by medical staff when wearing full-body protective clothing or wearing a closed face mask, which is applied to infectious diseases of the respiratory system.
  • auscultation is extremely important for the diagnosis of the disease and the judgment of changes in the condition, such as the existing pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus.
  • stethoscopes There are many kinds of stethoscopes available. There are traditional stethoscopes that rely on physical methods for sound collection and transmission, and there are also electronic stethoscopes that use electronic pickups for signal collection and process the signals, and medical staff listen to the signals through earphones. However, most of the existing stethoscopes are wired earphones. This kind of wired earphone stethoscope works well in ordinary environments, but it is very easy to cause cross-infection of medical staff when used in an infectious disease environment.
  • the protective clothing needs to be modified.
  • the protective clothing needs to be equipped with an interface for external auscultation equipment, and the medical staff’s earphones are placed in the hood. This modification is only suitable for short-term use. If worn for a long time, it will cause discomfort to the medical staff, and even cause cross-infection due to the loose interface.
  • the existing stethoscope has a single function, only listening to heart and lung sounds, and cannot perform blood oxygen saturation and ECG detection. Furthermore, the existing stethoscope can only perform real-time detection, and cannot perform unified analysis and management after collecting multiple patients.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a split electronic stethoscope with a compact structure and convenient use.
  • the split electronic stethoscope includes a signal-collecting auscultation part and an earphone for receiving the signal.
  • the auscultation part and the earphone are connected by wire or radio.
  • the auscultation part includes a housing, a microprocessor and an audio output located in the housing.
  • the housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing that are detachably connected to each other, the inner side of the upper housing contains a main circuit board, and the microprocessor
  • the audio output module and the audio output module are arranged on the main circuit board, the audio output module is electrically connected to the microprocessor, the auscultation head is mounted on the lower housing from the outside;
  • the auscultation head includes The main body of the auscultation head and a hollow connecting pipe extending from the bottom surface of the main body of the auscultation head;
  • the hollow connecting tube of the auscultation head passes through the mounting hole and fits inside the mounting guide sleeve, and the bottom surface of the auscultation head body abuts on the outer surface of the lower housing;
  • the auscultation part is also Comprising a second circuit board located inside the housing and fixed on the end surface of the hollow connecting tube of the auscultation head, the smallest size of the second circuit board is larger than the inner diameter of the hollow connecting tube, the second A sound sensor is mounted
  • the positioning portion includes a protruding portion on the mounting guide sleeve that protrudes toward the center of the sleeve, and a corresponding concave portion on the outer wall of the hollow connecting pipe.
  • a battery is also fixedly installed on the inner side of the lower housing, and the battery is electrically connected to the main circuit board.
  • electrodes are further provided on the outer side of the lower housing for collecting ECG signals.
  • the split electronic stethoscope further includes an ECG module
  • the ECG module includes an ECG probe and an ECG processor that is arranged on the main circuit board and is electrically connected to the microprocessor Circuit
  • the electrocardiogram probe includes the auscultation head and the electrode.
  • a USB socket is also provided on the side of the housing, the split electronic stethoscope further includes an ECG module, and the ECG module includes an ECG lead plugged into the USB socket and a set An electrocardiogram processing circuit on the main circuit board and electrically connected with the microprocessor.
  • a USB socket is also provided on the side of the housing, the split electronic stethoscope further includes a blood oxygen module, and the blood oxygen module includes a blood oxygen probe plugged into the USB socket and a set A blood oxygen processing circuit on the main circuit board and electrically connected with the microprocessor.
  • the split electronic stethoscope further includes a display module, the display module is electrically connected to the microprocessor, and the display screen of the display module is arranged on the outside of the upper casing.
  • the auscultation part further includes a data storage module which is arranged on the main circuit board and is electrically connected to the microcontroller.
  • the auscultation part further includes a transmission module which is electrically connected with the microprocessor to transmit the detection signal processed by the microprocessor to the terminal.
  • an earphone socket is provided on the side of the housing, so that the auscultation part and the earphone are electrically connected through an earphone cord.
  • the electronic stethoscope according to the present application has the following advantageous effects.
  • the electronic stethoscope of the present application adopts a split structure, that is, the auscultation part and the earphone are arranged separately, so it is convenient for medical staff to use when wearing protective clothing without opening an interface on the protective clothing, thereby reducing the risk of cross-infection.
  • the auscultation part of the electronic stethoscope according to the present invention has a compact structure, so it is convenient to use.
  • the electronic stethoscope of the present application can also be connected with a blood oxygen probe and an ECG probe through a USB socket, so that the blood oxygen saturation and ECG data can be detected at the same time as the auscultation.
  • the electronic stethoscope of the present application is also provided with a data storage module, so that data can be continuously collected on multiple patients, and therefore, the data can be analyzed and managed uniformly after data collection on multiple patients.
  • the electronic stethoscope of this application is also provided with a transmission module, so that the detection results can be remotely transmitted to the terminal, and then managed by the terminal's upper computer analysis software for consultation and disease tracking.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded cross-sectional schematic diagram of a partial structure of the auscultation part of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the auscultation head of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the auscultation module of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a channel control circuit of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electrocardiogram module of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a blood oxygen module of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a working flow of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connect, or connect in one piece.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connect, or connect in one piece.
  • the electronic stethoscope according to the present application integrates cardiopulmonary sound, electrocardiogram, and blood oxygen detection functions, and is a split electronic stethoscope that can be used when medical staff in an infectious disease hospital wear full protective clothing or wear a closed face mask.
  • the specific structure will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the functional structure of an electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic stethoscope applied to infectious diseases of the respiratory system according to the present application includes an auscultation part for collecting signals and an earphone 12 for receiving signals.
  • the auscultation part and the earphone 12 are provided separately from each other.
  • the auscultation part and the earphone 12 are wired or wirelessly connected to each other.
  • the earphone 12 may be a head-mounted wireless earphone, such as a Bluetooth earphone.
  • the present application is not limited to this, and the earphone 12 may also be a wired earphone.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exploded cross-sectional schematic diagram of a partial structure of the auscultation part of a split electronic stethoscope according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the auscultation part includes a housing 110, an auscultation head 120 mounted on the housing 110, a main circuit board 130 and a second circuit board 140 accommodated in the housing 110, and the like.
  • the housing 110 has a box shape.
  • a USB socket (not shown) electrically connected to the main circuit board 130 is formed on the side of the housing 11.
  • the USB socket can be connected to the ECG lead of the ECG module 3 described below to transmit the ECG signal to the ECG processing circuit of the ECG module 3, or it can be connected to the blood oxygen probe of the blood oxygen module 4 described below to transmit the blood oxygen signal.
  • the blood oxygen processing circuit supplied to the blood oxygen module 4, or the power cord for the power supply module 11 described later is connected to supply power to the auscultation part, and the like.
  • an earphone jack (not shown) is also formed on the side of the housing 11, which is used to connect with an earphone cable to send audio signals to the earphone 12 when the earphone 12 is a wired earphone.
  • the housing 110 is formed as a split structure, which includes an upper housing 111 and a lower housing 112.
  • the upper housing 111 and the lower housing 112 may be detachably connected to each other by buckles and/or screws.
  • the outer side of the upper casing 111 is provided with a display screen (not shown in FIG. 2) of the display module 8 described later.
  • the display screen adjacent to the display module 8 is provided with a charging display lamp for displaying the charging state of the auscultation part and the keys of the key module 13 described later.
  • the buttons include a power switch button for turning on/off the auscultation part, a confirmation button and a direction button for manipulating the display content on the display screen, etc.
  • the direction buttons are set around the confirmation button.
  • a main circuit board 130 is provided on the inner side of the upper housing 111.
  • the main circuit board 130 is provided with a microprocessor 1, a Bluetooth module 5 (that is, an audio output module), a transmission module 9, etc., wherein the Bluetooth module 5 and the transmission module 9 are electrically connected to the microprocessor 1 respectively.
  • the lower housing 112 is formed with a mounting hole 113 and a mounting guide sleeve 114 extending from the mounting hole 113 to the inner side of the lower housing 112, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the auscultation head 120 is mounted on the lower housing 112 from the outside. 2 and 3, the auscultation head 120 includes an auscultation head main body 121 and a hollow connecting tube 122 extending from the bottom surface of the auscultation head main body 121.
  • the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120 passes through the mounting hole 113 on the lower housing 112 to fit inside the mounting guide sleeve 114, and the bottom surface of the auscultation head main body 121 abuts on the outer surface of the lower housing 112.
  • a second circuit board 140 is provided on the inner side of the lower housing 112.
  • the second circuit board 140 is fixed on the end surface of the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120.
  • the minimum size of the second circuit board 140 is larger than the inner diameter of the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120.
  • the second circuit board 140 is fixed to the hollow connecting tube 122 by, for example, fasteners (for example, screws) or adhesives, etc., so that the auscultation head 120 can be restricted from being axially relative to the mounting guide sleeve 114 on the lower housing 112. move.
  • the second circuit board 140 is electrically connected to the main circuit board 130.
  • a sound sensor 141 is installed on the second circuit board 140.
  • the sound sensor 141 is accommodated in the cavity 123 of the hollow connection tube 122 of the auscultation head 120.
  • a sound insulation layer is provided between the end surface of the hollow connecting pipe 122 and the second circuit board 140. Therefore, the structure of the auscultation part of the electronic stethoscope formed in the above-mentioned manner is compact and convenient to use.
  • the mounting guide sleeve 114 of the lower housing 112 and the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120 are respectively formed with positioning parts (not shown) that cooperate with each other, so that the rotation of the auscultation head 120 relative to the lower housing 112 can be restricted.
  • the positioning portion includes a protruding part disposed on the mounting guide sleeve 114 of the lower housing 112 and protruding toward the center of the mounting guide sleeve 114 and a corresponding concave part disposed on the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120. Therefore, when the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120 is inserted into the mounting guide sleeve 114, the protruding part on the guide sleeve 114 and the corresponding concave part on the hollow connecting tube 122 cooperate with each other to restrict the auscultation head 120 from facing each other.
  • the lower housing 112 rotates.
  • FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the auscultation head of the split electronic stethoscope according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120 is formed with a hollow connecting tube 122 facing the hollow connecting tube.
  • the cut surface portion 124 cut into the center of 122, and the installation guide sleeve 114 of the lower housing 112 is formed with a flat portion (not shown) protruding toward the center of the installation guide sleeve 114, so that the hollow of the auscultation head 120
  • the cut surface portion 124 on the hollow connecting tube 122 and the flat surface portion on the mounting guide sleeve 114 cooperate with each other, thereby restricting the auscultation head 120 relative to the lower housing.
  • the body 112 rotates.
  • a concave portion that is recessed toward the center of the installation guide sleeve 114 can also be provided on the installation guide sleeve 114 of the lower housing 112, and a corresponding hollow connection tube 122 of the auscultation head 120 can be provided.
  • the protruding part of the auscultation head 120 is matched with the corresponding concave part of the hollow connecting tube 122 of the auscultation head 120 to restrict the rotation of the auscultation head 120 relative to the lower housing 112.
  • a detachable disposable auscultation head protective film can be provided on the auscultation head main body 121.
  • the protective film can be replaced directly without replacing the stethoscope.
  • the auscultation head 120 can also collect ECG signals through the top surface of the auscultation head main body 121.
  • electrodes are also provided on the outside of the lower housing 112, which are used to collect ECG signals and transmit the collected ECG signals to the ECG processing circuit of the ECG module 3 described later. According to the embodiment of the present application, the electrode and the auscultation head 120 collect the ECG signal together.
  • a storage battery 150 is also fixedly installed inside the lower housing 112.
  • the storage battery 150 is electrically connected to the main circuit board 130 to supply power to the auscultation part of the electronic stethoscope when the power is not connected to the auscultation part.
  • the electronic stethoscope includes a microprocessor 1, an auscultation module 2, an electrocardiogram module 3, a blood oxygen module 4, a Bluetooth module 5, a data storage module 6, a voice prompt module 7, and an auscultation module electrically connected to the microprocessor 1.
  • Display module 8 power supply module 11, button module 13, etc.
  • the microprocessor 1 is set on the main circuit board 130, and is mainly used to control the power supply of the power module 11, process the pairing connection of the Bluetooth module 5 and the earphone 12, control the on and off of the circuit in the auscultation module 2, and input audio signals to Bluetooth module 5, etc.
  • the auscultation module 2 is used to collect and analyze the sound signals of the patient's heart sounds and/or lung sounds.
  • the ECG module 3 is used to detect the patient's ECG signal.
  • the blood oxygen module 4 is used to detect the oxygen saturation of the combined tissue.
  • the Bluetooth module 5 is used to transmit audio signals or data.
  • the voice prompt module 7 is used to issue an alarm when the collected data exceeds a set threshold.
  • the power module 11 is used to supply power to the auscultation part.
  • the key module 13 is used to input manipulation signals to the auscultation part.
  • the auscultation module 2 includes an auscultation head 120, a sound sensor 141 on the second circuit board 140, and a circuit module 205 provided on the main circuit board 130.
  • the circuit module 205 includes a drive circuit 205-1, a heart sound filter amplifier circuit 205-2, a lung sound filter amplifier circuit 205-3, a channel control circuit 205-4, and an audio conversion circuit 205-5.
  • the driving circuit 205-1 transmits the amplified electrical signal to the heart sound filtering and amplifying circuit 205-2 and/or the lung sound filtering and amplifying circuit 205-3.
  • the channel control circuit 205-4 is used to control the on and off of the heart sound filter amplifier circuit 205-2 and the lung sound filter amplifier circuit 205-3. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the channel control circuit 205-4 adopts one of four analog control switches. After receiving the selection instruction of the button module 13, the microprocessor 1 controls the conduction of the cardiopulmonary sound channel by controlling A0 and A1.
  • Heart sound mode 00: Y0A and Y0B are on, that is, the heart sound channel is on
  • lung sound mode 01: Y1A and Y1B are on, that is, the lung sound channel is on
  • cardiopulmonary sound mode 11: Y3A and Y3B are on, that is, the heart and lung sound channel Simultaneous conduction.
  • the audio conversion circuit 205-5 converts the filtered and amplified electrical signal into an audio signal. Since the electronic stethoscope according to the application adopts the above-mentioned channel control circuit, the user can select any one of the heart sound mode, the lung sound mode, or the cardiopulmonary sound mode based on actual needs.
  • the sound sensor 141 collects the sound signal of heart sound and/or lung sound from the patient's body through the auscultation head 120, and transmits the sound signal to the circuit module 205 after converting the sound signal into an electrical signal.
  • the heart sound filtering and amplifying circuit 205-2 and the lung sound filtering and amplifying circuit 205-3 of the circuit module 205 respectively perform filtering processing and amplifying processing on the heart sound and/or lung sound signal, so as to improve the quality of the sound signal.
  • the audio conversion circuit 205-5 converts the processed electric signal into an audio signal and sends the audio signal to the microprocessor 1.
  • the microprocessor 1 then transmits the audio signal to the Bluetooth module 5, and the Bluetooth module 5 sends the audio signal to the earphone 12.
  • the ECG module 3 includes an ECG probe 301 and an ECG processing circuit arranged on the main circuit board 130 and electrically connected with the microprocessor 1.
  • the electrocardiographic probe 301 includes electrodes and an auscultation head 120 arranged on the outside of the lower housing 112.
  • the ECG probe 301 further includes an ECG lead plugged into the USB socket.
  • the ECG processing circuit includes an ECG control circuit 302 and an ECG signal processing circuit 303.
  • the ECG control circuit 301 is used to control the opening and closing of the ECG probe 301.
  • the electrocardiogram control circuit 301 controls the electrocardiogram probe 301 through the keys of the key module 13 arranged on the outside of the upper casing 111.
  • the ECG signal processing circuit 303 amplifies, demodulates, and filters the collected ECG signals, and then sends the processed ECG signals to the microprocessor 1.
  • the microprocessor 1 then transmits the ECG signal to the display module 8 and presents it to the medical staff through the display screen of the display module 8.
  • the blood oxygen module 4 includes a blood oxygen probe 401 plugged into a USB socket and a blood oxygen processing circuit arranged on the main circuit board 130 and electrically connected to the microprocessor 1.
  • the blood oxygen processing circuit includes a blood oxygen signal processing circuit 402 and a blood oxygen control circuit 403.
  • the blood oxygen control circuit 403 is used to control the opening and closing of the blood oxygen probe 401 through the keys in the key module 13 arranged on the outside of the upper casing 111.
  • the blood oxygen signal processing circuit 402 is used to amplify, demodulate and filter the blood oxygen electrical signal collected by the blood oxygen probe 401, and then send the processed blood oxygen saturation signal to the microprocessor 1.
  • the microprocessor 1 then transmits the blood oxygen saturation signal to the display module 8 and presents it to the medical staff through the display screen of the display module 8.
  • a sound prompt module 7 can also be provided on the main circuit board 130.
  • the voice prompting module 7 is electrically connected to the microprocessor 1, so it can prompt the relevant data of the blood oxygen saturation according to the blood oxygen saturation signal transmitted to the microprocessor 1.
  • the voice prompt module 7 includes a storage unit and a switch circuit.
  • the storage unit stores the upper and lower limits of blood oxygen saturation and the upper and lower limits of the pulse rate.
  • the switch circuit is used to control the on and off of the alarm sound. . Therefore, when the switch circuit is in the open state and the detected data is greater than or equal to the set critical value, the sound prompt module 7 will emit an alarm sound.
  • the key module 13 includes keys arranged on the outer side of the upper casing 111 and a key control circuit arranged on the main circuit board 130.
  • the key module 13 is electrically connected to the microprocessor 1. Therefore, the button module 13 can receive instructions issued by medical staff, and output channel instructions to the channel control module in the auscultation module 2 through the microprocessor 1 to control the conduction of the heart sound filter amplifier circuit and/or the lung sound filter amplifier circuit And closed.
  • the button module 13 can control the opening and closing of the ECG probe 301 in the ECG module 3 and the opening and closing of the blood oxygen probe 401 in the blood oxygen module 4.
  • the auscultation part further includes a transmission module 9.
  • the transmission module 9 is electrically connected to the microprocessor 1, so that the detection signal passing through the microprocessor 1 can be transmitted to a terminal (for example, a computer). Then, the upper computer analysis software on the terminal can then further process the detection signal to display the detection data more intuitively.
  • the expert can directly log in to the account and enter the terminal to view the patient's test data, so the expert consultation is no longer restricted by region.
  • the auscultation part further includes a data storage module 6.
  • the data storage module 6 is arranged on the main circuit board 130 and is electrically connected to the microprocessor 1.
  • the data storage module 6 can store the detection data of the auscultation module 2, the electrocardiogram module 3 and the blood oxygen module 4. Therefore, the electronic stethoscope according to the present application can facilitate medical staff to view historical data, and at the same time can continuously collect data from multiple patients, so that the data can be analyzed and managed uniformly after data collection is performed on multiple patients.
  • the electronic stethoscope when in use, performs data collection on multiple patients, including the collection of heart and lung sounds, electrocardiogram, and blood oxygen data.
  • the electronic stethoscope analyzes and processes the collected data and stores it in the data storage module 6.
  • the medical staff can upload the stored data to the upper computer analysis software on the terminal for analysis and management, or upload to the expert terminal via the Internet, so that the expert can diagnose and analyze the uploaded case, thereby giving a diagnosis report and health Suggestions etc.

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Abstract

一种分体式电子听诊器，包括彼此电连接的听诊部分和耳机（12）。听诊部分包括壳体（110），位于壳体（11）内的微处理器（1）和安装在壳体（110）上的听诊头（120）。壳体（110）包括可拆卸地连接的上壳体（111）和下壳体（112），听诊头（120）安装到下壳体（112）上。听诊头（120）包括听诊头主体（121）和中空连接管（122），下壳体（112）上形成有安装孔（113）和安装导向套筒（114），听诊头（120）通过使中空连接管（122）穿过安装孔（113）来配合在安装导向套筒（114）内。听诊部分还包括位于壳体（110）内部的、容纳在中空连接管（122）的空腔内的声音传感器（141）。安装导向套筒（114）和中空连接管（122）上分别形成彼此配合、限制听诊头（120）相对于下壳体（112）转动的定位部。该电子听诊器具有分体式结构，因此适用于充满传染病病原体的环境中，而且该电子听诊器的听诊部分结构紧凑、操作简单且使用方便。

Description

分体式电子听诊器 技术领域
本申请涉及一种电子听诊器，特别涉及一种适合医护人员在穿戴全身防护服或者佩戴封闭面罩的情况下使用的应用于呼吸***传染病的分体式电子听诊器。
背景技术
在空气中含有传染病病原体的环境中工作时，为了避免交叉感染，医护人员身体的任何部位都不能暴露，必须全身穿戴防护服，佩戴严密的防护面罩，对患者进行诊治和护理。
当传染病为呼吸类疾病时，听诊对于疾病诊断和病情变化的判断起着极为重要，例如：现有的由新型冠状病毒导致的肺炎。现有的听诊器多种多样，有用依靠物理方法进行声音采集和传送的传统式听诊器，也有利用电子拾音器进行信号采集，并对信号进行处理后，医护人员通过耳机接听信号的电子听诊器。但是现有的听诊器多数为有线耳机，这种有线耳机听诊器在普通环境使用还好，但是在传染病环境下使用极易引起医护人员的交叉感染。因此在传染病医院，全身穿戴防护服医护人员使用现有的听诊器时，需要对防护服进行改动，在防护服上需要配套出外接听诊设备的接口，同时医护人员的耳机放置在头罩内，这种改动只适用于短时间使用，若长时间佩戴，这样就给医护人员造成不适，甚至由于接口不严，造成交叉感染的情况。
另外，现有的听诊器功能单一，只有听心肺音，不能进行血氧饱和度和心电的检测。再者，现有的听诊器仅能进行实时检测，不能对多名患者采集后进行统一分析管理。
公开内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本申请的目的在于提出一种结构紧凑且使用方便的分体式电子听诊器。该分体式电子听诊器包括采集信号的听诊部分和接收信号的耳机，所述听诊部分和耳机有线或无线电连接，其中，所述听诊部分包括壳体，位于所述壳体内的微处理器和音频输出模块，和安装在所述壳体上的听诊头；所述壳体包括彼此可拆卸地连接的上壳体和下壳体，所述上壳体的内侧容纳有主电路板，所述微处理器和所述音频输出模块设置在所述主电路板上，所述音频输出模块电连接于所述微处理器，所述听诊头从外侧安装到所述下壳体上；所述听诊头包括听诊头主体和从听诊头主体底表面延伸出的中空连接管；所述下壳体上形成有安装孔，和从所述安装孔向所述下壳体内侧延伸的安装导向套筒，所述听诊头的中空连接管穿过所述安装孔，配合在所述安装导向套筒内部，并且所述听诊头主体的底表面抵接在所述下壳体的外表面上；所述听诊部分还包括位于所述壳体内部的、固定在所述听诊头的中空连接管的端面上的第二电路板，所述第二电路板的最小尺寸大于所述中空连接管的内径，所述第二电路板上安装有声音传感器，所述声音传感器被容纳在所述中空连接管的空腔内，所述第二电路板电连接于所述主电路板上；所述下壳体的安装导向套筒和所述听诊头的中空连接管上分别形成彼此配合、限制所述听诊头相对于所述下壳体转动的定位部。
根据本申请的实施例，所述定位部包括在所述安装导向套筒上向套筒中心凸出的凸出部分，和在所述中空连接管的外壁上相应的凹入部分。
根据本申请的实施例，所述下壳体的内侧还固定安装有蓄电池，所述蓄电池和所述主电路板电连接。
根据本申请的实施例，所述下壳体的外侧还设有电极，用以采集心电信号。
根据本申请的实施例，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括心电模块，所述心电模块包括心电探头以及设置在所述主电路板上并与所述微处理器电连接的心电处理电路，所述心电探头包括所述听诊头和所述电极。
根据本申请的实施例，所述壳体的侧面还设有USB插口，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括心电模块，所述心电模块包括插接于所述USB插口的心电导联以及设置在所述主电路板上并与所述微处理器电连接的心电处理电路。
根据本申请的实施例，所述壳体的侧面还设有USB插口，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括血氧模块，所述血氧模块包括插接于所述USB插口的血氧探头以及设置在所述主电路板上并与所述微处理器电连接的血氧处理电路。
根据本申请的实施例，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括显示模块，所述显示模块电连接于所述微处理器，所述显示模块的显示屏设置在所述上壳体的外侧。
根据本申请的实施例，所述听诊部分还包括数据存储模块，所述数据存储模块设置在所述主电路板上并且与所述微控制器电连接。
根据本申请的实施例，所述听诊部分还包括传输模块，所述传输模块与所述微处理器电连接，以将经过所述微处理器处理后的检测信号传输到终端上。
根据本申请的实施例，所述壳体的侧面设有耳机插口，以使所述听诊部分与耳机通过耳机线电连接。
因此，根据本申请的电子听诊器具有如下有益效果。
1.本申请的电子听诊器采用分体式结构，即听诊部分和耳机分开设置，因此方便医护人员在穿戴防护服时使用，而无需在防护服上开设接口，由此减小了交叉感染的风险。此外，根据本发明的电子听诊器的听诊部分具有紧凑的结构，因此方便使用。
2.本申请的电子听诊器还可以通过USB插口外接血氧探头和心电探头，由此能够在听诊的同时进行检测血氧饱和度和心电数据。
3.本申请的电子听诊器还设置有数据存储模块，由此能够连续对多名患者进行数据采集，因此能够在对多名患者进行数据采集后统一对数据进行分析管理。
4.本申请的电子听诊器还设置有传输模块，由此能够将检测结果远程传输给终端，然后由终端的上位机分析软件进行管理，以便进行会诊和病情跟踪。
附图说明
图1为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的功能结构示意图；
图2为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的听诊部分的部分结构的分解截面示意图。
图3为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的听诊头的立体示意图；
图4为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的听诊模块的示意图；
图5为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的通道控制电路图；
图6为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的心电模块的示意图；
图7为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的血氧模块的示意图；以及
图8为根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的工作流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“外”、“内”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
根据本申请的电子听诊器集心肺音、心电、血氧检测功能于一体，是能够在传染病医院的医护人员穿戴全身防护服或佩戴封闭面罩情形下使用的分体式电子听诊器。下面，将参考图1至图3来详细其具体结构。
图1示出了根据本申请的实施例的电子听诊器的功能结构示意图。如图1所示，根据本申请的应用于呼吸***传染病的电子听诊器包括采集信 号的听诊部分和接收信号的耳机12。听诊部分和耳机12彼此分开设置。听诊部分和耳机12彼此有线或无线电连接。耳机12可以是头戴式无线耳机，例如蓝牙耳机。但是，本申请不限于此，耳机12也可以是有线耳机。
图2示出了根据本申请的实施例的分体式电子听诊器的听诊部分的部分结构的分解截面示意图。如图2所示，听诊部分包括壳体110、安装在壳体110上的听诊头120以及容纳在壳体110内的主电路板130和第二电路板140等。
壳体110呈盒状。壳体11侧面形成有电连接于主电路板130上的USB插口(未示出)。USB插口可以与后述心电模块3的心电导联接合以将心电信号输送给心电模块3的心电处理电路，或者与后述血氧模块4的血氧探头接合以将血氧信号输送给血氧模块4的血氧处理电路，或者用于后述的电源模块11的电源线接合以向听诊部分供电等。可选地，壳体11侧面还形成有耳机插口(未示出)，其用于与耳机线缆接合，以在耳机12是有线耳机的情况下向耳机12发送音频信号。
如图2所示，壳体110形成为分体式结构，其包括上壳体111和下壳体112。上壳体111和下壳体112可以通过卡扣和/或螺钉等彼此可拆卸地连接。
上壳体111的外侧设置有后述的显示模块8的显示屏(图2中未示出)。邻近显示模块8的显示屏设置有用于显示听诊部分的充电状态的充电显示灯和后述按键模块13的按键。按键包括用于打开/关闭听诊部分的电源开关按键以及用于操纵显示屏上的显示内容的确认按键和方向按键等，其中方向按键围绕确认按键设置。
上壳体111的内侧设置主电路板130。主电路板130上设置有微处理器1、蓝牙模块5(即音频输出模块)和传输模块9等，其中，蓝牙模块5和传输模块9分别电连接于微处理器1。
下壳体112上形成有安装孔113和从安装孔113向下壳体112内侧延伸的安装导向套筒114，如图2所示。听诊头120从外侧安装到下壳体112上。结合图2和图3，听诊头120包括听诊头主体121和从听诊头主体121的底表面延伸出的中空连接管122。听诊头120的中空连接管122穿过下壳体112上的安装孔113，以配合在安装导向套筒114内部，并且听诊头主体121的底表面抵接在下壳体112的外表面上。
下壳体112的内侧设置第二电路板140。第二电路板140固定在听诊头120的中空连接管122的端面上。第二电路板140的最小尺寸大于听诊头120的中空连接管122的内径。第二电路板140例如通过紧固件(例如螺钉)或通过粘合剂等固定到中空连接管122上，由此可以限制听诊头120相对于下壳体112上的安装导向套筒114轴向移动。第二电路板140电连接于主电路板130上。第二电路板140上安装有声音传感器141。当第二电路板140固定到听诊头120的中空连接管122上时，声音传感器141容纳在听诊头120的中空连接管122的空腔123内。中空连接管122的端面和第二电路板140之间设置有隔音层。因此，以上述方式所形成的电子听诊器的听诊部分的结构紧凑，从而便于使用。
下壳体112的安装导向套筒114和听诊头120的中空连接管122上分别形成有彼此配合的定位部(未示出)，由此可以限制听诊头120相对于下壳体112转动。
例如，定位部包括设置在下壳体112的安装导向套筒114上、向安装导向套筒114的中心凸出的凸出部分和设置在听诊头120的中空连接管122上相应的凹入部分。因此，当听诊头120的中空连接管122***到安 装导向套筒114内部时，导向套筒114上的凸出部分和中空连接管122上相应的凹入部分彼此配合，以限制听诊头120相对于下壳体112转动。
图3示出了根据本申请的优选实施例的分体式电子听诊器的听诊头的立体示意图，如图3所示，听诊头120的中空连接管122上形成有沿中空连接管122朝向中空连接管122的中心切入的切面部分124，而下壳体112的安装导向套筒114上形成有朝向安装导向套筒114的中心凸出的平面部分(未示出)，由此当听诊头120的中空连接管122安装到下壳体112的安装导向套筒114中时，中空连接管122上的切面部分124和安装导向套筒114上的平面部分彼此配合，从而限制了听诊头120相对于下壳体112转动。
当然，本申请并不限于此，也可以在下壳体112的安装导向套筒114上设置朝向安装导向套筒114的中心凹入的凹入部分并且在听诊头120的中空连接管122上设置相应的凸出部分，由此通过听诊头120的中空连接管122上的凸出部分和中空连接管122上相应的凹入部分彼此配合，以限制听诊头120相对于下壳体112转动。
在实际使用过程中，为了避免患者间互相传染，在听诊头主体121上还可以设置有可拆卸的一次性听诊头防护膜，更换患者时，无需更换听诊器，直接更换防护膜即可。
此外，听诊头120还可以通过听诊头主体121的顶表面采集心电信号。同时，下壳体112的外侧还设有电极(未示出)，其用于采集心电信号并将所采集到的心电信号传输给后述的心电模块3的心电处理电路。根据本申请的实施例，电极和听诊头120一起来采集心电信号。
此外，如图2所示，下壳体112的内侧还固定安装有蓄电池150。蓄电池150和主电路板130电连接，以在听诊部分未连接电源的情况下为电子听诊器的听诊部分供电。
下面将参考图1、图4至图7对电子听诊器所实现的功能进行详细描述。如图1所示，电子听诊器包括微处理器1以及电连接于微处理器1的听诊模块2、心电模块3、血氧模块4、蓝牙模块5、数据存储模块6、声音提示模块7、显示模块8、电源模块11和按键模块13等。
微处理器1设置在主电路板130上，主要用于控制电源模块11的供电，处理蓝牙模块5和耳机12的配对连接，控制听诊模块2中电路的导通与关闭并将音频信号输入给蓝牙模块5，等等。听诊模块2用于采集和分析患者的心音和/或肺音的声音信号。心电模块3用于检测患者的心电信号。血氧模块4用于对结合组织的氧饱和度进行检测。蓝牙模块5用于传输音频信号或数据。声音提示模块7用于在所采集到的数据超出设定阈值时发出警报。电源模块11用于向听诊部分供电。按键模块13用于向听诊部分输入操纵信号。
[听诊模块]
如图1、图4和图5所示，听诊模块2包括听诊头120、第二电路板140上的声音传感器141和设置在主电路板130上的电路模块205。电路模块205包含驱动电路205-1、心音滤波放大电路205-2、肺音滤波放大电路205-3、通道控制电路205-4、音频转化电路205-5。
驱动电路205-1将放大后的电信号传输给心音滤波放大电路205-2和/或肺音滤波放大电路205-3。通道控制电路205-4用于控制心音滤波放大电路205-2、肺音滤波放大电路205-3的导通与关闭。具体地，如图5所示，通道控制电路205-4采用四选一模拟控制开关控制，微处理器1收到按键模块13的选择指令后，通过控制A0和A1控制心肺音通道的导通，心音模式00：Y0A和Y0B导通，即心音通道导通，肺音模式01：Y1A和Y1B导通，即肺音通道导通，心肺音模式11：Y3A和Y3B导通，即心肺音通道同时导通。音频转化电路205-5将经滤波、放大处理的电信号转化为 音频信号。由于根据申请的电子听诊器采用了上述通道控制电路，因此用户人员可以基于实际需要来选择心音模式、肺音模式或者心肺音模式的任意一种。
由此，声音传感器141通过听诊头120从患者身体采集心音和/或肺音的声音信号，并且在将该声音信号转化成电信号之后传输给电路模块205。接着，电路模块205的心音滤波放大电路205-2和肺音滤波放大电路205-3分别对心音和/或肺音信号进行滤波处理和放大处理，以此提高声音信号的质量。随后，音频转化电路205-5将处理后的电信号转化为音频信号并且将该音频信号发送给微处理器1。微处理器1接着将该音频信号传输给蓝牙模块5，而蓝牙模块5将该音频信号发送到耳机12。
[心电模块]
心电模块3包括心电探头301以及设置在主电路板130上并且与微处理器1电连接的心电处理电路。心电探头301包括设置在下壳体112外侧的电极和听诊头120。可选地，如图6所示，心电探头301还包括插接于USB插口中的心电导联。心电处理电路包括心电控制电路302和心电信号处理电路303。心电控制电路301用于控制心电探头301的开启和关闭。具体而言，心电控制电路301通过按键模块13中的、设置在上壳体111外侧的按键来控制心电探头301。心电信号处理电路303对所采集到的心电信号进行放大、解调和滤波等处理，并随后将处理后的心电信号发送给微处理器1。微处理器1接着将心电信号传输给显示模块8，并且通过显示模块8的显示屏呈现给医护人员。
[血氧模块]
如图7所示，血氧模块4包含插接于USB插口中的血氧探头401以及设置在主电路板130上并且与微处理器1电连接的血氧处理电路。血氧处理电路包括血氧信号处理电路402和血氧控制电路403。血氧控制电路 403用于通过按键模块13中的、设置在上壳体111外侧的按键来控制血氧探头401的开启和关闭。血氧信号处理电路402用于对血氧探头401所采集的血氧电信号进行放大、解调和滤波等处理，并随后将处理后的血氧饱和度信号发送给微处理器1。微处理器1接着将血氧饱和度信号传输给显示模块8，并且通过显示模块8的显示屏呈现给医护人员。
为了更好地检测血氧饱和度，在实际使用中，还可以在主电路板130上设置声音提示模块7。声音提示模块7与微处理器1电连接，因此可以根据传送到微处理器1中的血氧饱和度信号来提示血氧饱和度的相关数据。声音提示模块7包含存储单元和开关电路，存储单元存储有血氧饱和度的上限值和下限值以及脉率的上限值和下限值，开关电路用于控制报警声音的开启和关闭。因此，当开关电路处于开启状态并且当所检测到的数据大于等于设定的临界值时，声音提示模块7会发出报警声音。
[按键模块]
按键模块13包括设置在上壳体111外侧的按键以及设置在主电路板130上的按键控制电路。按键模块13电连接于微处理器1。因此，按键模块13可以接收由医护人员发出的指令，并且通过微处理器1向听诊模块2中的通道控制模块输出通道指令，来控制心音滤波放大电路和/或肺音滤波放大电路的导通和关闭。
另外，按键模块13可以控制心电模块3中的心电探头301的开启和关闭以及血氧模块4中的血氧探头401的开启和关闭。
另外，根据本申请的实施例，听诊部分还包括传输模块9。传输模块9与微处理器1电连接，由此可以将经过微处理器1的检测信号传输到终端(例如，计算机)上。然后，终端上的上位机分析软件可以接着对检测信号进行进一步处理，以便更加直观地显示检测数据。此外，当需要多名 专家进行会诊时，专家可以直接登录账号进入终端，即可查看患者的检测数据，因此专家会诊不再受地域的限制。
另外，根据本申请的实施例，听诊部分还包括数据存储模块6。数据存储模块6设置在主电路板130上，并且与微处理器1电连接。数据存储模块6可以存储听诊模块2、心电模块3以及血氧模块4的检测数据。因此，根据本申请的电子听诊器能够方便医护人员查看历史数据，同时能够连续对多名患者进行数据采集，从而能够在对多名患者进行数据采集后统一对数据进行分析管理。
下面将参照图8来描述根据本申请的实施例的电子听诊器的工作流程。
如图8所示，使用时，根据本申请的电子听诊器对多名患者进行数据采集，包括心肺音、心电及血氧数据的采集。接着，电子听诊器对所采集到的数据进行分析处理，并且将其存储到数据存储模块6中。测量完毕后，医护人员可将所存储的数据上传至终端上的上位机分析软件进行分析管理，或者通过互联网上传至专家端，以便专家对上传的病例进行诊断分析，从而给出诊断报告和健康建议等。
应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，但是本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种分体式电子听诊器，包括采集信号的听诊部分和接收信号的耳机，所述听诊部分和耳机有线或无线电连接，其中，所述听诊部分包括壳体，位于所述壳体内的微处理器和音频输出模块，和安装在所述壳体上的听诊头；
    所述壳体包括彼此可拆卸地连接的上壳体和下壳体，所述上壳体的内侧容纳有主电路板，所述微处理器和所述音频输出模块设置在所述主电路板上，所述音频输出模块电连接于所述微处理器，所述听诊头从外侧安装到所述下壳体上；
    所述听诊头包括听诊头主体和从听诊头主体的底表面延伸出的中空连接管；所述下壳体上形成有安装孔和从所述安装孔向所述下壳体内侧延伸的安装导向套筒，所述听诊头的中空连接管穿过所述安装孔，配合在所述安装导向套筒内部，并且所述听诊头主体的底表面抵接在所述下壳体的外表面上；
    所述听诊部分还包括位于所述壳体内部的、固定在所述听诊头的中空连接管的端面上的第二电路板，所述第二电路板的最小尺寸大于所述中空连接管的内径，所述第二电路板上安装有声音传感器，所述声音传感器容纳在所述中空连接管的空腔内，所述第二电路板电连接于所述主电路板上；
    所述下壳体的安装导向套筒和所述听诊头的中空连接管上分别形成彼此配合、限制所述听诊头相对于所述下壳体转动的定位部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述定位部包括在所述安装导向套筒上向套筒中心凸出的凸出部分，和在所述中空连接管的外壁上相应的凹入部分。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述下壳体的内侧还固定安装有蓄电池，所述蓄电池和所述主电路板电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述下壳体的外侧还设有电极，用以采集心电信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括心电模块，所述心电模块包括心电探头以及设置在所述主电路板上并与所述微处理器电连接的心电处理电路，所述心电探头包括所述听诊头和所述电极。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述壳体的侧面还设有USB插口，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括心电模块，所述心电模块包括插接于所述USB插口的心电导联以及设置在所述主电路板上并与所述微处理器电连接的心电处理电路。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述壳体的侧面还设有USB插口，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括血氧模块，所述血氧模块包括插接于所述USB插口的血氧探头以及设置在所述主电路板上并与所述微处理器电连接的血氧处理电路。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述分体式电子听诊器还包括显示模块，所述显示模块电连接于所述微处理器，所述显示模块的显示屏设置在所述上壳体的外侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述听诊部分还包括数据存储模块，所述数据存储模块设置在所述主电路板上并且与所述微控制器电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，所述听诊部分还包括传输模块，所述传输模块与所述微处理器电连接，以将经过所述微处理器处理后的检测信号传输到终端上。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的分体式电子听诊器，其中，
    所述壳体的侧面设有耳机插口，以使所述听诊部分与耳机通过耳机线电连接。
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