WO2021243625A1 - 一种藻粉的制备方法及藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用 - Google Patents

一种藻粉的制备方法及藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2021243625A1
WO2021243625A1 PCT/CN2020/094274 CN2020094274W WO2021243625A1 WO 2021243625 A1 WO2021243625 A1 WO 2021243625A1 CN 2020094274 W CN2020094274 W CN 2020094274W WO 2021243625 A1 WO2021243625 A1 WO 2021243625A1
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algae
soil
content
algae powder
wastewater
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PCT/CN2020/094274
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French (fr)
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周启发
张晟璐
杨朝
孙志林
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浙江大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials

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  • the invention belongs to the field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a preparation method of algae powder and the application of algae powder in improving desert soil.
  • the global deserts account for about 20% of the total land area.
  • China is one of the countries with the largest area of arid and semi-arid areas in the world, and the desert area accounts for about 13% of the total land area of the country.
  • Desert control technologies mainly include engineering sand control, biological sand control, chemical sand control, and comprehensive sand control.
  • Soil amendments have the effect of stabilizing sandy soil and improving the characteristics of sandy soil leakage and fertilizer leakage, so that plants can survive and grow.
  • the soil amendments currently being researched and used include inorganic amendments, organic amendments, synthetic amendments and biological amendments.
  • Inorganic modifiers suitable for desert treatment mainly include bentonite, phosphogypsum, zeolite and fly ash, etc.
  • Organic modifiers mainly include peat, biochar, humic acid and organic solid waste, etc.
  • synthetic modifiers mainly include polyacrylate, Polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polymer water retention agent, etc.
  • biological amendments mainly include microbial agents and soil animals.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing algae powder and the application of algae powder in improving desert soil in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the soil improvement effect is good, soil fertility can be improved and plant growth can be promoted.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing algae flour, which includes the following steps:
  • Cultivation of high pectinic algae select high bicarbonate wastewater, dilute it to make the bicarbonate content 400-500mg/L, NH 4 -N ⁇ 100mg/L, add K 2 SO 4 to make heavy carbon
  • the content of K in the salt wastewater reaches 15mg-50/L, adjust the pH to 7.5-8.0, and place it in a transparent container, and then inoculate Rhizobdophyta at 0.5g-1.0FW/L in the transparent container, under the light of 150-300 ⁇ mol m -2 s -1 , the temperature is 15-35°C, and the relative humidity is 36.7-90%.
  • the high bicarbonate wastewater is swine wastewater.
  • the content of bicarbonate in the high bicarbonate wastewater is greater than 500 mg/L.
  • the transparent container is 200L.
  • the number of meshes sieved is 100 meshes.
  • the present invention also provides the preparation method of the first aspect, and the application of the prepared algae powder in the improvement of desert soil.
  • the algae flour is applied to the desert soil at an application rate of 0.4-1.0 g algae flour/kg soil, mixed evenly, and then irrigated to make the soil moist.
  • irrigation makes the soil moist, and the soil water content is >10%.
  • the pectin and other substances in the algae powder can cross-link the colloidal particles of desert soil, increase the content of large-diameter particles, reduce the dispersibility of desert soil, and strengthen It improves the water and fertility retention of the soil, and increases the stability of the desert soil.
  • algal biomass has high carbon and nitrogen content, which can increase the organic carbon and nitrogen content of desert soils, thereby improving soil fertility and promoting plant growth.
  • algae powder does not have any side effects on the soil and does not cause secondary pollution.
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of Rhizoclonium sp. in this embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the influence of the application of algae flour on the mechanical composition of the soil in this embodiment, and the result is an average of three replicates;
  • Figure 3 is a carbon distribution diagram of scanning energy spectrum in this embodiment, where (A) is soil, (B) is algae powder and (C) is algae soil;
  • Fig. 4 is the nitrogen distribution diagram of the scanning energy spectrum in this embodiment, where (A) is the soil, (B) is the algae powder, and (C) is the algae soil.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing algae flour, which includes the following steps:
  • Cultivating high-pectin algae select high-bicarbonate wastewater (bicarbonate content>500mg/L) and dilute to make the bicarbonate content 400mg/L, NH 4 -N ⁇ 100mg/ L, add K 2 SO 4 to make the K content of the bicarbonate wastewater reach 15 mg/L, adjust the pH to 7.5, and place it in a transparent container, and then inoculate Rhizoclonium sp. in a transparent container at 0.5 gFW/L, Culture under the conditions of light 150 ⁇ mol m -2 s -1 , temperature of 15°C and relative humidity of 36.7%;
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing algae flour, which includes the following steps:
  • Cultivating high-pectin algae select high-bicarbonate wastewater (bicarbonate content>500mg/L), dilute to make the bicarbonate content 500mg/L, NH 4 -N ⁇ 100mg/ L, add K 2 SO 4 to make the K content of bicarbonate wastewater 50mg/L, adjust the pH to 8.0, and place it in a transparent container, and then inoculate Rhizoclonium sp. in a transparent container at 1gFW/L. Culture under the conditions of light 300 ⁇ mol m -2 s -1 , temperature of 35°C and relative humidity of 90%;
  • This example provides the application of the algae powder prepared in Example 1 in the improvement of desert soil. Specifically, the algae powder is applied to the desert soil at an application rate of 0.4-1.0g algae powder/kg soil, mixed well, and then irrigated Make the soil moist (soil moisture content> 10%).
  • Rhizoclonium sp. was inoculated at 0.5gFW/L in a 200L transparent glass container filled with wastewater, and cultivated in the greenhouse of Zhejiang University Agricultural Experimental Station. Rhizoclonium sp.
  • FIG. 1 is an algae strain we isolated from wastewater, and its cell wall has a dense pectin layer (Figure 1).
  • Figure 1 (a)-single cell diagram , PL indicates pectin layer, (b)-algae powder In the figure, PL indicates the pectin layer.
  • Cultures were harvested after 35 days, fresh algae to give 28. 5 kg, algal biomass containing pectin 7. 2%, C 35.4%, N 5.2%. The dried algae, ground, through a 100 mesh sieve for use.
  • this example shows that algae powder can significantly improve the physical structure (mechanical composition) of the soil, reduce the dispersion of desert soil, promote the agglomeration of fine sand, and increase the organic carbon and nitrogen content.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种藻粉的制备方法及藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用，该方法包括：(1)选取高重碳酸盐废水，稀释，使其重碳酸盐含量为400-500mg/L，NH 4-N<100mg/L，添加K 2SO 4使重碳酸盐废水K的含量达到15-50mg/L，调pH至7.5-8.0，装于透明容器中，然后按0.5-1.0gFW/L接种根枝藻于透明容器中，在光照150-300μmol m -2s -1，温度为15-35℃，相对湿度36.7–90％的条件下进行培养；(2)在藻生长到对数生长期，且其果胶含量高于8％时进行收获；(3)将收获的藻风干，粉碎，过筛，制成藻粉。该制备方法制备得到的藻粉应用于沙漠土壤改良。通过本方法可显著改进沙漠土壤的颗粒组成，降低小粒径(≤0.1mm)颗粒的百分率，显著提高0.1-0.25mm颗粒的百分率，同时提高土壤有机碳氮含量。特别地，藻粉对土壤无任何副作用。

Description

一种藻粉的制备方法及藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用 技术领域
本发明属于土壤改良领域，特别涉及一种藻粉的制备方法及藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用。
背景技术
全球沙漠占陆地总面积的20％左右,中国是世界上干旱区和半干旱区分布面积最大的国家之一,其中沙漠面积约占全国陆地总面积的13％。沙漠治理的技术主要有工程治沙、生物治沙、化学治沙、综合防沙治沙等。近年来,土壤改良剂在沙漠治理中的应用越来越广泛。土壤改良剂具有稳定沙土作用和改善沙土漏水漏肥特性,从而使得植物能存活和生长。
目前在研究和使用的土壤改良剂包括无机改良剂、有机改良剂、人工合成改良剂和生物改良剂。适用于沙漠治理的无机改良剂主要有膨润土、磷石膏、沸石和粉煤灰等，有机改良剂主要包括泥炭、生物炭、腐植酸和有机固体废物等，人工合成改良剂主要包括聚丙烯酸盐、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠和高分子保水剂等，而生物改良剂主要包括微生物菌剂和土壤动物等。
目前土壤改良剂的应用存在的主要问题:1)天然改良剂效果一般较差,施用量大且容易失效；2)部分改良剂(如粉煤灰、人工合成改良剂等)可能引起二次污染或对植物生长产生副作用；3)人工合成改良剂的研制过程复杂,成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种藻粉的制备方法及藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用，土壤改良效果良好而且可改善土壤肥力和促进植物生长。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种藻粉的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)培养高果胶藻：选取高重碳酸盐废水，稀释，使其重碳酸盐含量为400-500mg/L，NH 4-N<100mg/L，添加K 2SO 4使重碳酸盐废水K的含量达到15mg-50/L，调pH至7.5-8.0，装于透明容器中，然后按0.5g-1.0FW/L接种根枝藻于透明容器中，在光照150-300μmol m -2s -1，温度为15-35℃，相对湿度36.7–90％的条件下进行培养；
(2)收获藻生物质：在藻生长到对数生长期，且其果胶含量高于8％时进行收获；
(3)制备藻粉：将收获的藻风干，粉碎，过筛，制成藻粉。
进一步地，所述高重碳酸盐废水为养猪废水。
进一步地，所述高重碳酸盐废水中重碳酸盐的含量大于500mg/L。
进一步地，所述透明容器为200L。
进一步地，所述过筛的目数为100目。
第二方面，本发明还提供第一方面制备方法，制备得到的藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用。
进一步地，以0.4-1.0g藻粉/kg土壤的施用量将藻粉施用于沙漠土壤，混匀，然后灌水使土壤湿润。
进一步地，灌水使土壤湿润，土壤含水量>10％。
本发明培养出高果胶藻生物质的基础上，基于藻粉中的果胶等物质能将沙漠土壤的胶体颗粒交联，增加大粒径颗粒的含量，降低了沙漠土壤的分散性，强化了土壤的保水保肥性，并增加了沙漠土壤的稳定性。同时，藻生物质碳氮含量高，可提高沙漠土壤的有机碳氮含量，从而改善土壤肥力，促进植物生长。特别地，藻粉对土壤无任何副作用，不产生二次污染。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本实施例中根枝藻Rhizoclonium sp.扫描电镜图；
图2为本实施例中施用藻粉对土壤机械组成的影响图，结果为三次重复平均值；
图3为本实施例中扫描能谱碳分布图，其中(A)为土壤、(B)为藻粉和(C)为施藻土壤；
图4为本实施例中扫描能谱氮分布图，其中(A)为土壤、(B)为藻粉和(C)为施藻土壤。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下，对本发明的方法、步骤或条件所做的修改或替换，均属于本发明范围，若未特别指明，实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟悉的常规手段。
实施例1：
本实施例提供一种藻粉的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)培养高果胶藻：选取高重碳酸盐废水(重碳酸盐的含量>500mg/L)，稀释，使其重 碳酸盐含量为400mg/L，NH 4-N<100mg/L，添加K 2SO 4使重碳酸盐废水K的含量达到15mg/L，调pH至7.5，装于透明容器中，然后按0.5gFW/L接种根枝藻Rhizoclonium sp.于透明容器中，在光照150μmol m -2s -1，温度为15℃，相对湿度36.7％的条件下进行培养；
(2)收获藻生物质：在藻生长到对数生长期，且其果胶含量高于8％时进行收获；
(3)制备藻粉：将收获的藻风干，粉碎，过100目筛，制成藻粉。
实施例2：
本实施例提供一种藻粉的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)培养高果胶藻：选取高重碳酸盐废水(重碳酸盐的含量>500mg/L)，稀释，使其重碳酸盐含量为500mg/L，NH 4-N<100mg/L，添加K 2SO 4使重碳酸盐废水K的含量达到50mg/L，调pH至8.0，装于透明容器中，然后按1gFW/L接种根枝藻Rhizoclonium sp.于透明容器中，在光照300μmol m -2s -1，温度为35℃，相对湿度90％的条件下进行培养；
(2)收获藻生物质：在藻生长到对数生长期，且其果胶含量高于8％时进行收获；
(3)制备藻粉：将收获的藻风干，粉碎，过100目筛，制成藻粉。
实施例3：
本实施例提供由实施例1制备得到的藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用，具体为，以0.4-1.0g藻粉/kg土壤的施用量将藻粉施用于沙漠土壤，混匀，然后灌水使土壤湿润(土壤含水量>10％)。
实施例4：
2019夏季年从浙江湖州一养猪场取回厌氧发酵养猪废水沼液，经稀释、补充K 2SO 4和调pH,用于藻培养的废水性质为：pH7.82,EC 1.79mS,HCO 3 -461mg/L,NH 4-N 86.5mg/L,P 12.2mg/L,K18.8mg/L。按0.5gFW/L接种Rhizoclonium sp.于装有废水的200L透明玻璃容器中，在浙江大学农业实验站温室培养。Rhizoclonium sp.为我们从废水中分离的藻株，其细胞壁上有致密的果胶层(图1)，图1中(a)-单细胞 图，PL指示果胶层,(b)-藻粉图，PL指示果胶层。
培养35天后收获，得鲜藻28. 5 kg,藻生物质含果胶7. 2％，C 35.4％,N 5.2％.将藻风干，磨细，过100目筛备用。
从南疆地区取沙漠土壤(棕漠土)，风干，设四个处理：1)CK,2)0.2g藻粉/kg土壤，3)0.4g藻粉/kg土壤和4)0.4g藻粉/kg土壤。土壤用量为1kg,每处理三次重复。将藻粉施用于土壤，充分混匀，然后浇水使其湿润，然后风干。用不同孔径土壤筛过筛，称重，测定各粒径颗粒的百分含量。另取CK和0.4g藻粉/kg土壤两处理土样进行扫描电镜能谱分析。
图2的结果表明，0.054-0.1mm粒径颗粒在沙漠土壤中占绝对优势(>70％)，说明该土壤主要由细沙组成。随着藻粉施用水平的提高，0.054-0.1mm粒径颗粒占比明显下降，而0.1-0.15mm和0.15-0.2mm两种颗粒的占比随藻粉的施用水平增加而增加。这些结果说明，藻粉对细沙有显著交联作用，增加了细沙颗粒的团聚。
以0.4g藻粉/kg土壤的藻粉施用量计算，施藻粉后土壤碳含量增加141.6mg/kg,氮含量增加20.8mg/kg。从扫描图谱可以看出，土壤施藻后其碳(图3)、氮(图4)含量明显提高。当然，施藻土壤的碳氮含量明显低于藻粉(图3、图4)。
因此，本实例说明，藻粉能显著改善土壤的物理结构(机械组成)，降低沙漠土壤的分散度，促进细沙的团聚，并提高有机碳氮含量。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种藻粉的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)培养高果胶藻：选取高重碳酸盐废水，稀释，使其重碳酸盐含量为400-500mg/L，NH 4-N<100mg/L，添加K 2SO 4使重碳酸盐废水K的含量达到15-50mg/L，调pH至7.5-8.0，装于透明容器中，然后按0.5g-1.0FW/L接种根枝藻于透明容器中，在光照150-300μmol m -2s -1，温度为15-35℃，相对湿度36.7–90％的条件下进行培养；
    (2)收获藻生物质：在藻生长到对数生长期，且其果胶含量高于8％时进行收获；
    (3)制备藻粉：将收获的藻风干，粉碎，过筛，制成藻粉。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高重碳酸盐废水为养猪废水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高重碳酸盐废水中重碳酸盐的含量大于500mg/L。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述透明容器为200L。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述过筛的目数为100目。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，以0.4-1.0g藻粉/kg土壤的施用量将藻粉施用于沙漠土壤，混匀，然后灌水使土壤湿润。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，灌水使土壤湿润，土壤含水量>10％。
PCT/CN2020/094274 2020-06-04 2020-06-04 一种藻粉的制备方法及藻粉在改良沙漠土壤中的应用 WO2021243625A1 (zh)

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