WO2021238459A1 - 一种扬声器 - Google Patents

一种扬声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021238459A1
WO2021238459A1 PCT/CN2021/086670 CN2021086670W WO2021238459A1 WO 2021238459 A1 WO2021238459 A1 WO 2021238459A1 CN 2021086670 W CN2021086670 W CN 2021086670W WO 2021238459 A1 WO2021238459 A1 WO 2021238459A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mass
mass component
voice coil
speaker
elastic member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/086670
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩坤
罗鹏
任雪冬
廖昀
Original Assignee
安克创新科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021238459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021238459A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2873—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of loudspeakers, in particular to a loudspeaker.
  • the voice coil is used as the driving source.
  • the voice coil itself and the folded ring of the diaphragm form a resonance system, which drives the entire diaphragm and voice coil assembly to vibrate, and then Form an acoustic signal.
  • the low-frequency acoustic output of the closed field before the first resonance frequency is a smooth curve, and no resonance peaks and valleys are formed.
  • This completely smooth curve of low frequency does not conform to the restoration of sound in a closed field, and cannot give the human ear the best music experience.
  • the main technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a loudspeaker that can improve the effect of the loudspeaker in restoring sound signals and help reduce the volume of the loudspeaker.
  • the speaker includes a diaphragm; a first mass component, the first mass component is connected to the diaphragm; a second mass component; a first elastic component, the first elastic component connects the first and second mass components; a voice coil, the voice coil is arranged on the first On the first and/or second mass component; and the magnetic circuit assembly, the magnetic circuit assembly generates a magnetic field, and the voice coil is located in the magnetic field.
  • the second mass component and the diaphragm are respectively located on both sides of the first mass component.
  • the first and second mass components are nested with each other.
  • the speaker includes at least two first elastic members, and the at least two first elastic members are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the first and second mass members.
  • the first elastic member has a ring shape, and opposite sides of the first elastic member are respectively connected to the first mass member and the second mass member.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly includes a magnet and a magnetizer.
  • the magnet is arranged in the magnetizer.
  • a voice coil cavity is formed between the outer wall of the magnet and the inner wall of the magnetizer.
  • a magnetic field is formed in the voice coil cavity.
  • At least part of the mass component and the second mass component are located in the voice coil cavity, wherein the first and second mass components move along the axial direction of the voice coil cavity.
  • the speaker further includes a second elastic member, and the second elastic member is connected to the second mass member.
  • the surfaces of the first and second elastic members are arc surfaces, and the thickness is uniform.
  • the number of second elastic elements is the same as the number of first elastic elements.
  • the second elastic member is ring-shaped, and the second elastic member surrounds the second mass member.
  • the speaker further includes a frame, the magnetic circuit assembly is provided with a groove, and the end of the second elastic member away from the second mass member is fixed to the frame through the groove.
  • the second elastic member is connected to a position on the second mass member where the first elastic member is connected.
  • the voice coil cavity is filled with a viscous medium.
  • the diaphragm includes a spherical top and a folding ring connecting the outer edge of the spherical top and surrounding the spherical top, and the first mass component is connected to the spherical top.
  • the first mass component is a voice coil wound by a coil; or the second mass component is a voice coil wound by a coil; or the first mass component or the second mass component is equipped with a voice coil.
  • this application provides a loudspeaker.
  • the speaker is designed with only one diaphragm, that is, it adopts a single radiating surface design. Compared with the design of traditional speaker with multiple speaker units, it is beneficial to reduce the volume of the speaker, and it also avoids the diaphragm radiating surface of different speaker units.
  • the mutual influence and interference of the speaker can improve the sound signal restoration effect of the speaker.
  • the first mass component and the second mass component jointly drive the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound, that is, the first mass component and the second mass component form a multi-resonance system, which can adjust the low-frequency acoustic curve of the closed field before the first resonance frequency of the speaker , So that it can form a resonance peak and valley, which can further improve the effect of the speaker to restore the sound signal, and give the user the best acoustic experience.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a speaker of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the loudspeaker shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the speaker area A shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of area B of the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the first mass component, the second mass component, and the first elastic component of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another embodiment of the speaker of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the simulation comparison of the acoustic curves of the speaker of the present application and the traditional speaker.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a speaker.
  • the loudspeaker includes a diaphragm, a first mass component and a second mass component.
  • the first mass component is connected to the diaphragm, and the second mass component is connected to the first mass component through a first elastic component, wherein the first mass component or the second mass component has Voice coil.
  • the loudspeaker also includes a magnetic circuit assembly, which is used to generate a magnetic field, so that when the voice coil passes current and under the action of the magnetic field, the mass component with the voice coil drives the mass component without the voice coil to move, thereby making the first mass
  • the component and the second mass component jointly drive the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound. This will be explained in detail below.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the speaker of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the speaker shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the speaker shown in Figure 1;
  • 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the speaker A area, and
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the speaker B shown in FIG. 3.
  • the speaker may be a moving coil speaker or the like, which has a diaphragm 10, and the function of the speaker to output audio is realized by driving the diaphragm 10 to vibrate.
  • the loudspeaker described in this embodiment can be applied to equipment such as earphones and audio, which is not limited here.
  • the speaker of this embodiment is designed with only one diaphragm 10, that is, a single radiating surface design is adopted.
  • the traditional loudspeaker adopts the design of multiple loudspeaker units, in which each loudspeaker unit has a diaphragm.
  • the speaker of this embodiment has a reduced number of diaphragms 10, which is beneficial to reduce the volume of the speaker, and also avoids the mutual influence and interference between the diaphragm radiating surfaces of different speaker units. It also avoids the problem of difficult matching of loudness and phase caused by the position and size of the diaphragm radiating surface of different speaker units, thereby improving the effect of the speaker in restoring sound signals.
  • the speaker of this embodiment further includes a first mass component 20 and a second mass component 30.
  • the first mass component 20 is connected to the diaphragm 10
  • the second mass component 30 is connected to the first mass component 20 through the first elastic member 40, wherein the first mass component 20 or the second mass component 30 has a voice coil 50 (as shown in FIG. 4 , The same below).
  • the speaker also includes a magnetic circuit assembly 60.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 60 is used to generate a magnetic field, so that when the voice coil 50 is energized and under the action of the magnetic field, the mass component with the voice coil 50 drives the mass component without the voice coil 50 to move, thereby causing the first mass component to move 20 and the second mass component 30 jointly drive the diaphragm 10 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the speaker of this embodiment is composed of a first mass component 20 and a second mass component 30
  • the two resonance systems, the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 jointly drive the diaphragm 10 to vibrate and produce sound, and the movement of the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 act on the diaphragm 10 respectively, realizing a single vibration
  • the multi-resonance system of the membrane 10 ie a single radiating surface
  • the low frequency part of the closed field before the speaker is easier to adjust, and the low frequency acoustic curve of the closed field before the first resonance frequency of the speaker can be adjusted to form a resonance peak and valley, that is, the first resonance
  • the acoustic curve of the low-frequency part before the frequency is L-shaped (as shown in curve I in Figure 6 below), which is beneficial to the restoration of sound signals in a closed field, that is, it can further improve the effect of the speaker in restoring sound signals, and give users better quality. More comfortable acoustic feeling.
  • the closed field is defined as the closed environment formed by the cooperation between the speaker and the human ear after the user wears the speaker.
  • this embodiment can adjust the corresponding performance of the diaphragm 10, the first elastic member 40, the first mass member 20, and the second mass member 30 (for example, the elasticity of the first elastic member 40, the first mass The mass of the component 20 and the second mass component 30, etc.) are used to adjust acoustic parameters such as the first resonance frequency of the loudspeaker.
  • the adjustment of the masses of the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 can be achieved by adjusting the masses of the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 or carrying additional additional masses, which is not limited here. .
  • the second mass member 30 is connected to the first mass member 20 through the first elastic member 40, and the first mass member 20 or the second mass member 30 has a voice coil 50.
  • the mass component with the voice coil 50 can move under the action of the magnetic field when the voice coil 50 is energized, the mass component without the voice coil 50 is follower, and the mass component with the voice coil 50 passes through the first
  • the elastic member 40 drives the mass component without the voice coil 50 to move.
  • the second mass component 30 is essentially a mass component that drives the diaphragm 10 to vibrate and produce sound, that is, it is essentially a single resonance system. Moreover, if both the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 have a voice coil 50, the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 may simultaneously drive the diaphragm 10 to vibrate and produce sound. The essence is still a single resonance system. .
  • the voice coil 50 of the speaker is usually arranged in a ring-like surround, in order to match the voice coil 50 so as to provide the voice coil 50 on the first mass component 20 or the second mass component 30, the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 are the same In a ring shape, the voice coil 50 surrounds the first mass component 20 or the second mass component 30 along the circumferential direction of the first mass component 20 or the second mass component 30.
  • FIG. 4 shows a case where the first mass component 20 has a voice coil 50, and the first mass component 20 itself is the voice coil 50 formed by winding a coil.
  • the second mass component 30 itself may be a voice coil 50 formed by winding a coil, or the first mass component 20 or the second mass component 30 may additionally carry the voice coil 50.
  • the design is not limited here.
  • the second mass component 30 and the diaphragm 10 are respectively located on both sides of the first mass component 20, the second mass component 30 is located on the side of the first mass component 20 away from the diaphragm 10, and the first mass component 20 The ends opposite to the second mass member 30 are respectively connected to the first elastic member 40.
  • the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 can be nested with each other, and the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 are connected by the first elastic member 40, so It is also possible to drive the mass component without the voice coil 50 to move through the mass component with the voice coil 50 of the two.
  • the second mass component 30 is located on the side of the first mass component 20 away from the diaphragm 10 as an example for illustration, which is only needed for discussion and is not limited by this.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 60 has a voice coil cavity 61, and the voice coil cavity 61 is a cylindrical structure corresponding to the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30.
  • the above-mentioned magnetic field is formed in the voice coil cavity 61.
  • At least part of the first mass member 20 and the second mass member 30 are located in the voice coil cavity 61, so that when the voice coil 50 receives current and under the action of the magnetic field, the first The mass member 20 and the second mass member 30 move along the axial direction of the voice coil cavity 61.
  • the loudspeaker includes at least two first elastic members 40, which are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the first mass member 20 and the second mass member 30, and each of the first elastic members The two ends of the member 40 are respectively connected to the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 to realize the elastic connection between the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30.
  • the at least two first elastic members 40 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30, which is beneficial to improve the absence of voice coil 50 in the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30
  • the effect of the mass component of the voice coil 50 moving along with the mass component of the voice coil 50 is further helpful for the speaker to restore the sound signal and improve the effect of the speaker for restoring the sound signal.
  • the first elastic member 40 may also be ring-shaped. Specifically, the first elastic member 40 is arranged around the circumference of the first mass member 20 and the second mass member 30, and the first elastic member 40 The opposite sides of the piece 40 are respectively connected to the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30. That is to say, the first elastic member 40 of this embodiment is not a design in which at least two first elastic members 40 are spaced apart from each other as described in the foregoing embodiment, and it is not limited herein.
  • the surface of the first elastic member 40 is a curved surface and the thickness is uniform. Specifically, the first elastic member 40 is in the axial direction of the first mass member 20 and the second mass member 30 (as shown by the arrow X in FIG. 3). , The same below) the upper is arc-shaped transitional extension, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5.
  • the first elastic member 40 extending in an arc-shaped transition is beneficial to ensure that the mass component without the voice coil 50 of the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 moves with the mass component with the voice coil 50.
  • the diaphragm 10 can play a role in restricting the relative position of the first mass component 20 in the radial direction, while the second mass component 30 is The relative position is not fixed.
  • the radial directions of the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 are shown by the arrow Y in Fig. 3, and the same applies below.
  • the speaker further includes a second elastic member 70.
  • One end of the second elastic member 70 is connected to the second mass member 30, and the other end is fixed.
  • the second elastic member 70 is used to provide a radial support force to the second mass member 30 to limit the relative position of the second mass member 30 in the radial direction, that is, to play a centering function.
  • the second elastic member 70 only serves to limit the relative position of the second mass component 30 in the radial direction, and does not affect the movement of the second mass component 30 to drive the diaphragm 10 to vibrate in the axial direction as much as possible.
  • the first mass component 20 can also be further restricted by the second elastic member 70 in its relative position in the radial direction, so as to ensure the normal operation of the first mass component 20 and avoid affecting the audio output from the speaker. Sound quality.
  • the surface of the second elastic member 70 is a curved surface with uniform thickness.
  • the second elastic member 70 extends in an arc-shaped transition in the radial direction of the second mass member 30, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5. Show.
  • the second elastic member 70 extending in an arc-shaped transition can provide sufficient radial support force to the second mass member 30.
  • 2 and 3 show the case where the speaker includes at least two second elastic members 70, the at least two second elastic members 70 are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the second mass member 30, and the second elastic members are arranged in pairs.
  • the members 70 are arranged oppositely in the radial direction of the second mass component 30, which is beneficial to stably maintaining the relative position of the second mass component 30 in the radial direction.
  • the second elastic member 70 may also be arranged in a ring shape, which surrounds the second mass member 30 and forms an enclosure, which is also beneficial to stably maintain the second mass member 30 in the diameter.
  • the relative upward position is not limited here.
  • the speaker further includes a frame 80.
  • the frame 80 is used as a basic carrier, and the diaphragm 10 of the speaker, the magnetic circuit assembly 60 and the like are all fixed on the frame 80.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 60 is provided with a groove 62, and the end of the second elastic member 70 away from the second mass member 30 is fixed to the frame 80 through the groove 62 to realize the fixing of the end of the second elastic member 70 away from the second mass member 30 Department.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 60 includes a magnet 63 and a magnetic conductor 64.
  • a voice coil cavity 61 is formed between the inner walls, and at least part of the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 are located in the voice coil cavity 61.
  • the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 are sleeved on the outer circumference of the magnet 63 and located in the space surrounded by the magnet 64.
  • the groove 62 is opened on the magnet 64 and radially penetrates the magnet 64.
  • the end of the second elastic member 70 away from the second mass component 30 is fixed to the frame 80 through the groove 62 on the magnet 64.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 60 can also adopt an outer magnetic type, an inner and outer magnetic type design, which belongs to the understanding of those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the end of the second elastic member 70 away from the second mass member 30 can be directly fixed to the magnetic circuit assembly 60, so that the end of the second elastic member 70 away from the second mass member 30 can be fixed.
  • the design of the groove 62 on the magnetic circuit assembly 60 is omitted.
  • the second elastic member 70 is connected to the position on the second mass member 30 where the first elastic member 40 is connected. That is to say, the first elastic member 40 and the second elastic member 70 are connected to the same position on the second mass member 30, so the process of connecting the first elastic member 40 and the second elastic member 70 to the second mass member 30 can be combined. In this way, the problem of increasing the number of processes caused by the first elastic member 40 and the second elastic member 70 connecting the second mass member 30 through two processes can be avoided, which is beneficial to simplify the manufacturing process of the speaker.
  • the first elastic member 40 may be a design with at least two in number and spaced apart from each other as described in the above-mentioned embodiment, or a design with a ring shape as a whole, which is not limited herein.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show that at least two first elastic members 40 are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the second mass member 30, and the two first elastic members 40 are opposed to each other in the radial direction of the second mass member 30.
  • the arrangement helps to ensure the transmission effect between the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30.
  • at least two second elastic members 70 are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the second mass member 30, and the two second elastic members 70 are arranged opposite to each other in the radial direction of the second mass member 30.
  • the beneficial effects have been implemented in the foregoing. It is explained in the example, so I won't repeat it here.
  • the first elastic member 40 and the second elastic member 70 are connected to the same position on the second mass member 30.
  • first elastic member 40 and the second elastic member 70 may also be connected to opposite sides of the second mass member 30, etc., and are not limited to the first elastic member 40 and the second elastic member.
  • the member 70 is connected to the same position on the second mass member 30, which is not limited here.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another embodiment of the speaker of the present application.
  • the realization of restricting the relative position of the second mass member 30 in the radial direction is not limited to the use of the second elastic member as described in the above embodiment.
  • the voice coil cavity 61 may also be filled with a viscous medium 90.
  • the medium 90 is used to provide viscous resistance to the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 to limit their relative positions in the radial direction.
  • the viscous medium 90 may be a magnetic fluid, etc., which has a certain viscosity and can be magnetized under the action of an external magnetic field to have magnetism, so that the viscous medium 90 is better retained in the voice coil cavity 61 and does not follow the first mass component 20. And the movement of the second mass member 30 splashes out the voice coil cavity 61.
  • the aforementioned external magnetic field may be provided by the magnetic circuit assembly 60, specifically a magnetic field used by the magnetic circuit assembly 60 to drive the first mass component 20 and the second mass component 30 to move.
  • the diaphragm 10 includes a dome 11 and a folding ring 12 connecting the outer edge of the dome 11 and surrounding the dome 11, and the first mass component 20 is connected to the dome 11.
  • the outer edge of the folded ring portion 12 is preferably fixed to the frame 80, and the folded ring portion 12 serves as an elastic member matching the vibration of the dome 11 to cooperate with the dome 11 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the dome top 11 shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is arranged in a plane shape.
  • Fig. 8 shows a simulation comparison of the acoustic curves of the speaker of the double resonance system of this embodiment and the speaker of the traditional single resonance system. It can be clearly seen that the acoustic curve of the speaker of this embodiment (i.e. curve I) has a drop of 10dB at about 200 Hz compared to the acoustic curve of the traditional single resonance system (i.e. curve II). It can be seen that the speaker of this embodiment has a drop of 10dB.
  • the low-frequency acoustic curve of the closed field before the first resonance frequency is adjusted and is no longer a smooth curve, which is conducive to the restoration of the sound signal in the closed field, that is, it can improve the effect of the speaker to restore the sound signal, and give the user the best acoustic experience .
  • the speaker provided by the present application is designed with only one diaphragm, that is, a single radiating surface design is adopted. Compared with the design of a traditional speaker with multiple speaker units, it is beneficial to reduce the volume of the speaker and avoid This eliminates the mutual influence and interference between the radiating surfaces of the diaphragms of different speaker units, thereby improving the effect of the speaker in restoring sound signals.
  • the first mass component and the second mass component jointly drive the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound, that is, the first mass component and the second mass component form a multi-resonance system, which can adjust the low-frequency acoustic curve of the closed field before the first resonance frequency of the speaker , So that it can form a resonance peak and valley, which can further improve the effect of the speaker to restore the sound signal, and give the user the best acoustic experience.
  • connection in this application, unless expressly stipulated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected”, “connected”, “stacked” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integral; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • connection in this application, unless expressly stipulated and limited otherwise, the terms “connected”, “connected”, “stacked” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integral; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及扬声器技术领域，公开了一种扬声器。该扬声器包括振膜；第一质量部件，第一质量部件连接振膜；第二质量部件；第一弹性件，第一弹性件连接第一和第二质量部件；音圈，音圈设于第一和/或第二质量部件上；和磁路组件，磁路组件产生磁场，音圈位于磁场中。通过上述方式，本申请能够改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果以及有利于减小扬声器的体积。

Description

一种扬声器 【技术领域】
本申请涉及扬声器技术领域，特别是涉及一种扬声器。
【背景技术】
传统动圈式扬声器使用单辐射面、单共振***的设计方案，具体由音圈作为驱动源，音圈自身与振膜的折环构成一个共振***，带动整个振膜音圈组件进行振动，进而形成声学信号。
然而，对于单辐射面、单共振***的传统动圈式扬声器而言，在第一共振频率之前的封闭场低频声学输出为一条平滑的曲线，不会形成共振峰谷。这种低频完全平滑的曲线不符合封闭场下声音的还原，无法给予人耳以最优的音乐感受。
针对上述技术问题，市面上出现了一些多单元的解决方案，具体是使用两个或两个以上的扬声器单元，对曲线进行调整。但是这种多辐射面、多共振***的设计方案，其占用空间过高，并且各个振膜辐射面之间会产生相互影响，效果欠佳。
【申请内容】
有鉴于此，本申请主要解决的技术问题是提供一种扬声器，能够改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果以及有利于减小扬声器的体积。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种扬声器。该扬声器包括振膜；第一质量部件，第一质量部件连接振膜；第二质量部件；第一弹性件，第一弹性件连接第一和第二质量部件；音圈，音圈设于第一和/或第二质量部件上；和磁路组件，磁路组件产生磁场，音圈位于磁场中。
在本申请的一实施例中，第二质量部件与振膜分别位于第一质量部件的两侧。
在本申请的一实施例中，第一和第二质量部件相互嵌套设置。
在本申请的一实施例中，扬声器包括至少两个第一弹性件，至少两个第一弹性件沿第一和第二质量部件的周向彼此间隔设置。
在本申请的一实施例中，第一弹性件呈环状，第一弹性件的相对两侧分别连接第一质量部件和第二质量部件。
在本申请的一实施例中，磁路组件包括磁体和导磁体，磁体设于导磁体中，磁体的外壁和导磁体的内壁之间形成音圈腔，音圈腔中形成有磁场，第一质量部件的至少部分以及第二质量部件位于音圈腔中，其中第一和第二质量部件沿音圈腔的轴向运动。
在本申请的一实施例中，扬声器还包括第二弹性件，第二弹性件连接第二质量部件。
在本申请的一实施例中，第一和第二弹性件的表面为弧面，且厚度均匀。
在本申请的一实施例中，第二弹性件的数量与第一弹性件的数量相同。
在本申请的一实施例中，第二弹性件呈环状，第二弹性件围设于第二质量部件的四周。
在本申请的一实施例中，扬声器还包括框架，磁路组件上开设有凹槽，第二弹性件远离第二质量部件的端部通过凹槽固定于框架。
在本申请的一实施例中，第二弹性件连接于第二质量部件上连接第一弹性件的位置。
在本申请的一实施例中，音圈腔填充有粘性介质。
在本申请的一实施例中，振膜包括球顶部以及连接球顶部的外边缘且围绕球顶部的折环部，第一质量部件连接球顶部。
在本申请的一实施例中，第一质量部件为线圈缠绕而成的音圈；或第二质量部件为线圈缠绕而成的音圈；或第一质量部件或第二质量部件搭载音圈。
本申请的有益效果是：区别于现有技术，本申请提供一种扬声器。该扬声器仅设计有一个振膜，即采用单辐射面的设计，相较于传统扬声器多扬声器单元的设计，有利于减小扬声器的体积，并且还避免了不同扬声器单元的振膜辐射面之间的相互影响、干扰，因而能够改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果。同时，第一质量部件和第二质量部件共同带动振膜振动发声，即第一质量部件和第二质量部件组成多共振***，能够对扬声器第一共振频率之前的封闭场的低频声学曲线进行调整，使之形成共振峰谷，因而能够进一步改善扬声器还原声音信 号的效果，给予用户以最优质的声学感受。
【附图说明】
图1是本申请扬声器一实施例的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示扬声器的***结构示意图；
图3是图1所示扬声器的剖面结构示意图；
图4是图3所示扬声器A区域的结构示意图；
图5是图5是图3所示扬声器B区域的结构示意图；
图6是本申请第一质量部件、第二质量部件以及第一弹性件一实施例的结构示意图；
图7是本申请扬声器另一实施例的剖面结构示意图；
图8是本申请扬声器与传统扬声器的声学曲线的仿真对比的示意图。
【具体实施方式】
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请的实施例，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
为解决现有技术中扬声器还原声音信号的效果较差以及体积较大的技术问题，本申请的一实施例提供一种扬声器。该扬声器包括振膜、第一质量部件和第二质量部件，第一质量部件连接振膜，第二质量部件通过第一弹性件连接第一质量部件，其中第一质量部件或第二质量部件具有音圈。该扬声器还包括磁路组件，用于产生磁场，以在音圈通入电流时并在磁场的作用下，由具有音圈的质量部件带动不具有音圈的质量部件运动，进而使得第一质量部件和第二质量部件共同带动振膜振动发声。以下进行详细阐述。
请参阅图1-5，图1是本申请扬声器一实施例的结构示意图，图2是图1所 示扬声器的***结构示意图，图3是图1所示扬声器的剖面结构示意图，图4是图3所示扬声器A区域的结构示意图，图5是图3所示扬声器B区域的结构示意图。
在一实施例中，扬声器可以是动圈式扬声器等，其具有振膜10，通过驱动振膜10振动，实现扬声器输出音频的功能。本实施例所阐述的扬声器可以应用于耳机、音响等设备，在此不做限定。
本实施例的扬声器仅设计有一个振膜10，即采用单辐射面的设计。传统扬声器采用多扬声器单元的设计，其中各个扬声器单元分别具有振膜。相较于传统扬声器多扬声器单元的设计，本实施例的扬声器其振膜10数量减少，有利于减小扬声器的体积，并且还避免了不同扬声器单元的振膜辐射面之间的相互影响、干扰以及避免了不同扬声器单元的振膜辐射面位置、大小等不同所引起的响度和相位不易匹配的问题，因而能够改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果。
本实施例的扬声器还包括第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30。第一质量部件20连接振膜10，第二质量部件30通过第一弹性件40连接第一质量部件20，其中第一质量部件20或第二质量部件30具有音圈50(如图4所示，下同)。
扬声器还包括磁路组件60。磁路组件60用于产生磁场，以在音圈50通入电流时并在磁场的作用下，由具有音圈50的质量部件带动不具有音圈50的质量部件运动，进而使得第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30共同带动振膜10振动发声。
也就是说，为克服传统单辐射面、单共振***的扬声器其第一共振频率之前的封闭场低频单调不易调节的缺陷，本实施例的扬声器由第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30组成两个共振***，第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30共同带动振膜10振动发声，并且第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30的运动分别作用于振膜10，实现了基于单个振膜10(即单辐射面)的多共振***，使得扬声器其第一共振频率(第一共振频率定义为自低频向高频方向延展，扬声器的频响曲线中第一个共振峰所处的频率，是扬声器本身拥有的共振频率)之前的封闭场低频部分更易于调节，进而能够对扬声器第一共振频率之前的封闭场的低频声学曲线进行调整，使之形成共振峰谷，即使得第一共振频率之前的低频部分的声学曲线呈L字型(如下图6中曲线Ⅰ所示)，因而有利于封闭场下声音信号的还原，即能够进一步改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果，给予用户更优质、更舒适的声学感受。其中，封闭场定义为用户佩戴扬声器后扬声器与人耳内部 配合形成的封闭环境。
需要说明的是，本实施例可以通过调节振膜10、第一弹性件40、第一质量部件20以及第二质量部件30等元件的相应性能(例如第一弹性件40的弹性、第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30的质量等)来调节扬声器的第一共振频率等声学参数。其中，对第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30二者质量的调节可以通过调节第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30自身的质量或是搭载额外的附加质量实现，在此不做限定。
第二质量部件30通过第一弹性件40连接第一质量部件20，并且第一质量部件20或第二质量部件30具有音圈50。其中，具有音圈50的质量部件能够在音圈50通入电流时并在磁场的作用下发生运动，而不具有音圈50的质量部件为随动，具有音圈50的质量部件通过第一弹性件40带动不具有音圈50的质量部件运动。
如若第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30之间刚性连接，则第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30在磁场的作用下则表现为同步运动，导致扬声器虽然设置第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30，但其实质还是一个质量部件带动振膜10振动发声，即实质仍为单共振***。并且，如若第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30均具有音圈50，则可能使得第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30同步带动振膜10振动发声，其实质同样仍为单共振***。
并且，由于扬声器的音圈50通常呈环状环绕设置，为匹配音圈50以便在第一质量部件20或第二质量部件30设置音圈50，第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30同样呈环状，音圈50沿第一质量部件20或第二质量部件30的周向环绕于第一质量部件20或第二质量部件30上。
图4展示了第一质量部件20具有音圈50的情况，并且第一质量部件20自身即为线圈缠绕而成的音圈50。当然，在本申请的其它实施例中，也可以是第二质量部件30自身为线圈缠绕而成的音圈50，亦或是第一质量部件20或第二质量部件30额外搭载音圈50的设计，在此不做限定。
请继续参阅图2和图3。在一实施例中，第二质量部件30与振膜10分别位于第一质量部件20的两侧，第二质量部件30位于第一质量部件20远离振膜10的一侧，第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30相对的端部分别连接第一弹性件40。
当然，在本申请的其它实施例中，第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30可 以相互嵌套设置，第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30之间通过第一弹性件40连接，如此同样能够通过二者中具有音圈50的质量部件带动不具有音圈50的质量部件运动。
下文以第二质量部件30位于第一质量部件20远离振膜10的一侧为例进行阐述，仅为论述需要，并非因此造成限定。
请继续参阅图3。在一实施例中，磁路组件60具有音圈腔61，音圈腔61为对应第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30的筒状结构。音圈腔61中形成有上述的磁场，第一质量部件20的至少部分以及第二质量部件30位于音圈腔61中，以在音圈50通入电流时并在磁场的作用下，第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30沿音圈腔61的轴向运动。
请继续参阅图2。在一实施例中，扬声器包括至少两个第一弹性件40，该至少两个第一弹性件40沿第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30的周向彼此间隔设置，并且各个第一弹性件40的两端分别连接第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30，以实现第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30之间弹性连接。
进一步地，该至少两个第一弹性件40沿第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30的周向均匀分布，有利于改善第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30中不具有音圈50的质量部件随具有音圈50的质量部件运动的效果，进一步有利于扬声器还原声音信号，改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果。
在替代实施例中，请参阅图6，第一弹性件40也可以呈环状，具体是第一弹性件40沿第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30的周向环绕设置，第一弹性件40的相对两侧分别连接第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30。也就是说，本实施例的第一弹性件40并非如上述实施例所阐述的至少两个第一弹性件40且彼此间隔设置的设计，在此不做限定。
需要说明的是，第一弹性件40的表面为弧面，且厚度均匀，具体是第一弹性件40在第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30轴向(如图3中箭头X所示，下同)上呈弧形过渡延伸，如图3和图5所示。弧形过渡延伸的第一弹性件40有利于保证第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30二者中不具有音圈50的质量部件随具有音圈50的质量部件运动的效果。
请继续参阅图2、图3和图5。在一实施例中，由于第一质量部件20连接振膜10，其中振膜10能够起到一定限制第一质量部件20在径向上的相对位置的作用，而第二质量部件30在径向上的相对位置并无固定。其中，第一质量部 件20和第二质量部件30的径向如图3中箭头Y所示，下同。
有鉴于此，扬声器还包括第二弹性件70。第二弹性件70的一端连接第二质量部件30，另一端固定。第二弹性件70用于向第二质量部件30提供径向支撑力，以限制第二质量部件30在径向上的相对位置，即起到定心作用。其中，第二弹性件70仅起到限制第二质量部件30在径向上的相对位置的作用，尽可能不影响第二质量部件30在轴向上带动振膜10振动的运动。
当然，在本申请的其它实施例中，第一质量部件20也可以通过第二弹性件70进一步限制其在径向上的相对位置，以保证第一质量部件20正常工作，避免影响扬声器所输出音频的音质。
需要说明的是，第二弹性件70的表面为弧面，且厚度均匀，具体是第二弹性件70在第二质量部件30径向上弧形过渡延伸，如图2、图3和图5所示。弧形过渡延伸的第二弹性件70能够向第二质量部件30提供足够的径向支撑力。并且，图2和图3展示了扬声器包括至少两个第二弹性件70的情况，该至少两个第二弹性件70沿第二质量部件30的周向彼此间隔设置，并且两两第二弹性件70在第二质量部件30的径向上相对设置，有利于稳定保持第二质量部件30在径向上的相对位置。
当然，在本申请的其它实施例中，第二弹性件70也可以呈环状设置，其围设于第二质量部件30的四周并形成包围，同样有利于稳定保持第二质量部件30在径向上的相对位置，在此不做限定。
请继续参阅图1至图5。在一实施例中，扬声器还包括框架80。框架80作为基本载体，扬声器的振膜10、磁路组件60等均固设于框架80。磁路组件60上开设有凹槽62，第二弹性件70远离第二质量部件30的端部通过凹槽62固定于框架80，以实现固定第二弹性件70远离第二质量部件30的端部。
以图2和图3所示内磁式的磁路组件60为例，磁路组件60包括磁体63和导磁体64，磁体63设于导磁体64中，并且磁体63的外壁和导磁体64的内壁之间形成音圈腔61，第一质量部件20的至少部分以及第二质量部件30位于音圈腔61中。第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30套设于磁体63的外周且位于导磁体64包围形成的空间中。其中，凹槽62开设于导磁体64上且径向贯穿导磁体64设置，第二弹性件70远离第二质量部件30的端部通过导磁体64上的凹槽62固定至框架80。
当然，在本申请的其它实施例中，磁路组件60还可以采用外磁式、内外磁 式的设计，其属于本领域技术人员的理解范畴，在此就不再赘述。
当然，在本申请的其它实施例中，第二弹性件70远离第二质量部件30的端部可以直接固定于磁路组件60，实现固定第二弹性件70远离第二质量部件30的端部的同时省去磁路组件60上凹槽62的设计。
请继续参阅图2、图3和图5。在一实施例中，第二弹性件70连接于第二质量部件30上连接第一弹性件40的位置。也就是说，第一弹性件40和第二弹性件70连接于第二质量部件30上的相同位置，如此第一弹性件40和第二弹性件70连接第二质量部件30的工序可以一并进行，可以避免第一弹性件40和第二弹性件70通过两道工序实现二者连接第二质量部件30所带来的工序增加的问题，有利于简化扬声器的制造工艺。其中，第一弹性件40可以是上述实施例中所阐述的数量至少两个且彼此间隔的设计或是整体呈环状的设计，在此不做限定。
举例而言，图2和图3展示了至少两个第一弹性件40沿第二质量部件30的周向彼此间隔设置，并且两两第一弹性件40在第二质量部件30的径向上相对设置，有利于保证第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30之间传动的效果。并且，至少两个第二弹性件70沿第二质量部件30的周向彼此间隔设置，并且两两第二弹性件70在第二质量部件30的径向上相对设置，其有益效果已在上述实施例中阐述，在此就不再赘述。其中，第一弹性件40和第二弹性件70连接于第二质量部件30上的相同位置。
当然，在本申请的其它实施例中，第一弹性件40和第二弹性件70也可以连接于第二质量部件30的相对两侧等，并不局限于第一弹性件40和第二弹性件70连接于第二质量部件30上的相同位置，在此不做限定。
请参阅图7，图7是本申请扬声器另一实施例的剖面结构示意图。
在替代实施例中，实现限制第二质量部件30在径向上的相对位置并不局限于上述实施例所阐述的利用第二弹性件，具体还可以是音圈腔61填充有粘性介质90，粘性介质90用于向第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30提供粘滞阻力，以限制二者在径向上的相对位置。
进一步地，粘性介质90可以是磁液等，其具有一定粘性且能够在外加磁场作用下受磁化而具备磁性，使得粘性介质90更好地保留于音圈腔61中，不随第一质量部件20和第二质量部件30的运动而溅出音圈腔61。其中，前述外加磁场可以由磁路组件60提供，具体是磁路组件60用于驱动第一质量部件20和 第二质量部件30运动的磁场。
请继续参阅图2和图3。在一实施例中，振膜10包括球顶部11以及连接球顶部11的外边缘且围绕球顶部11的折环部12，第一质量部件20连接球顶部11。折环部12的外边缘优选地固定于框架80上，并且折环部12充当匹配球顶部11振动的弹性部件，以与球顶部11配合振动发声。其中，图2和图3展示的球顶部11呈平面状设置。
图8展示了本实施例双共振***的扬声器与传统单共振***的扬声器的声学曲线的仿真对比。可以明显看出，本实施例的扬声器其声学曲线(即曲线Ⅰ)在大约200Hz处较传统单共振***的扬声器的声学曲线(即曲线Ⅱ)而言存在10dB的落差，可见本实施例扬声器其第一共振频率之前的封闭场的低频声学曲线得到调节，不再是平滑的曲线，有利于封闭场下声音信号的还原，即能够改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果，给予用户以最优质的声学感受。
综上所述，本申请所提供的扬声器，其仅设计有一个振膜，即采用单辐射面的设计，相较于传统扬声器多扬声器单元的设计，有利于减小扬声器的体积，并且还避免了不同扬声器单元的振膜辐射面之间的相互影响、干扰，因而能够改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果。同时，第一质量部件和第二质量部件共同带动振膜振动发声，即第一质量部件和第二质量部件组成多共振***，能够对扬声器第一共振频率之前的封闭场的低频声学曲线进行调整，使之形成共振峰谷，因而能够进一步改善扬声器还原声音信号的效果，给予用户以最优质的声学感受。
此外，在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“层叠”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种扬声器，其中，所述扬声器包括：
    振膜；
    第一质量部件，所述第一质量部件连接所述振膜；
    第二质量部件；
    第一弹性件，所述第一弹性件连接所述第一和第二质量部件；
    音圈，所述音圈设于所述第一和/或第二质量部件上；和
    磁路组件，所述磁路组件产生磁场，所述音圈位于所述磁场中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述第二质量部件与所述振膜分别位于所述第一质量部件的两侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一和第二质量部件相互嵌套设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述扬声器包括至少两个所述第一弹性件，所述至少两个所述第一弹性件沿所述第一和第二质量部件的周向彼此间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一弹性件呈环状，所述第一弹性件的相对两侧分别连接所述第一质量部件和所述第二质量部件。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器，其中，所述磁路组件包括磁体和导磁体，所述磁体设于所述导磁体中，所述磁体的外壁和所述导磁体的内壁之间形成音圈腔，所述音圈腔中形成有所述磁场；
    所述第一质量部件的至少部分以及所述第二质量部件位于所述音圈腔中，所述第一和第二质量部件沿所述音圈腔的轴向运动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述扬声器还包括第二弹性件，所述第二弹性件连接所述第二质量部件。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一和第二弹性件的表面为弧面，且厚度均匀。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器，其中，所述第二弹性件的数量与所述第一弹性件的数量相同。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器，其中，所述第二弹性件呈环状，所述第二弹性件围设于所述第二质量部件的四周。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器，其中，所述扬声器还包括框架，所述磁路组件上开设有凹槽，所述第二弹性件远离所述第二质量部件的端部通过所述凹槽固定于所述框架。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器，其中，所述第二弹性件连接于所述第二质量部件上连接所述第一弹性件的位置。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述的扬声器，其中，所述音圈腔填充有粘性介质。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述振膜包括球顶部以及连接所述球顶部的外边缘且围绕所述球顶部的折环部，所述第一质量部件连接所述球顶部。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，
    所述第一质量部件为线圈缠绕而成的所述音圈；或
    所述第二质量部件为线圈缠绕而成的所述音圈；或
    所述第一质量部件或所述第二质量部件搭载所述音圈。
PCT/CN2021/086670 2020-05-29 2021-04-12 一种扬声器 WO2021238459A1 (zh)

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Citations (4)

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CN107396253A (zh) * 2017-09-05 2017-11-24 奥音科技（北京）有限公司 电声转换装置及其悬挂机构
EP3340646A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-27 GN Audio A/S Listening device with noise suppression
CN111131983A (zh) * 2018-10-31 2020-05-08 雅马哈株式会社 传声器
CN111556404A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-18 安克创新科技股份有限公司 一种扬声器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3340646A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-27 GN Audio A/S Listening device with noise suppression
CN107396253A (zh) * 2017-09-05 2017-11-24 奥音科技（北京）有限公司 电声转换装置及其悬挂机构
CN111131983A (zh) * 2018-10-31 2020-05-08 雅马哈株式会社 传声器
CN111556404A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-18 安克创新科技股份有限公司 一种扬声器

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