WO2021220350A1 - 二次電池の出力制御方法及び二次電池の出力制御システム - Google Patents
二次電池の出力制御方法及び二次電池の出力制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 181
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 119
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 119
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an output control method and an output control system for controlling the output of a secondary battery.
- JP2007-165211A discloses a technique for obtaining the maximum allowable discharge power of a secondary battery with respect to the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the secondary battery, and selecting the smaller maximum allowable discharge power.
- the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the secondary battery are detected by using the temperature sensor arranged in the battery pack.
- the temperature variation of the secondary battery cannot be detected properly, the voltage of the low temperature cell drops beyond the permissible range, and over-discharge is performed. There is a risk of becoming.
- an object of the present invention is to appropriately control the output of the secondary battery.
- the output power that can be output by a secondary battery composed of a plurality of cells is obtained, and the output power of the secondary battery is controlled based on the output power. do.
- the variation suggestion amount that correlates with the magnitude of the variation between the charge / discharge characteristics is calculated. The calculation is performed, and if the suggested variation amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined determination reference value, it is determined that the variation has occurred, and the output possible power is set based on the determination result of the occurrence of the variation.
- the basic output possible power determined based on the suggested amount of charge / discharge characteristics is set as the output possible power, and when the variation occurs, the correction output is a value lower than the basic output possible power.
- the available power is set as the output available power.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the battery output control system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between CCV and OCV used in OCV arithmetic processing.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the battery temperature used for the OCV calculation process and the internal resistance.
- FIG. 4 is a time chart showing an example of the relationship between the output power of the lithium ion battery and the cell voltage.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the rate characteristics of the lithium ion battery.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the output characteristics of the lithium ion battery.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of the output control process executed by the battery output control system.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the battery output control system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between CCV and OCV used in OCV arithmetic processing.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the battery output control system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of the output control process executed by the battery output control system.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the battery output control system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a temperature correction method by the temperature correction unit.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a calculation method for calculating the initial SOC from the initial OCV.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an OCV calculation method by the OCV calculation unit.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of setting the power limit followability by the power limit followability setting unit.
- FIG. 15 is a time chart showing the movement of the SOC and the outputable power Pout.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of the output control process executed by the battery output control system.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the battery output control system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of an output available power calculation map showing the relationship between SOC and temperature and output available power.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the battery output control system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the battery output control system 100 is a system that controls the output of the lithium ion battery 1 mounted on a vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
- the lithium-ion battery 1 supplies electric power to in-vehicle devices such as a vehicle drive motor and auxiliary machinery. Further, the lithium ion battery 1 is also a battery that can be charged by a charger of an in-vehicle device or a charging device outside the vehicle.
- the battery output control system 100 includes a lithium ion battery 1, a cell voltage detection unit 2, a current detection unit 3, a temperature detection unit 4, a state determination unit 5, and a switching unit 6. It includes an OCV (Open circuit voltage) calculation unit 7, an outputable power calculation unit 8, a vehicle controller 30, and a meter 40.
- the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detection unit 4 function as an internal state detection unit 10 that detects the internal state of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the state determination unit 5, the switching unit 6, the OCV calculation unit 7, and the outputable power calculation unit 8 are realized by the LBC (lithium battery controller) 20.
- LBC lithium battery controller
- the LBC 20 is a control device that controls charging / discharging of the lithium ion battery 1, for example, a central processing unit (CPU (Central Processing Unit)), a read-only memory (ROM (Read Only Memory)), and a random access memory (RAM (Random)). AccessMemory)) and an input / output interface (I / O (input / output) interface).
- the LBC 20 functions as a control unit that controls the operation of the lithium ion battery 1 by executing a specific program.
- the LBC 20 is not composed of one microcomputer, but may be composed of a plurality of microcomputers.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between CCV (Closed circuit voltage) used for OCV calculation processing by the OCV calculation unit 7 and OCV.
- the vertical axis represents the voltage V and the horizontal axis represents the current I.
- the CCV is indicated by the solid curve 501, and the OCV is indicated by the dotted curve 502.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the battery temperature and the internal resistance used for the OCV calculation process by the OCV calculation unit 7.
- the vertical axis represents the internal resistance R
- the horizontal axis represents the battery temperature ° C.
- the internal resistance R increases as the battery temperature ° C. decreases. Note that FIGS. 2 and 3 will be described with reference to the OCV calculation unit 7.
- FIG. 4 is a time chart showing an example of the relationship between the output power of the lithium ion battery 1 and the cell voltage.
- the vertical axis of the upper graph shows the output power
- the vertical axis of the lower graph shows the cell voltage.
- the horizontal axis of both graphs is the time axis.
- “Pout” means, for example, an upper limit value of output power set so that the battery characteristics of the lithium ion battery 1 are not significantly impaired (so as not to cause over-discharge). Hereinafter, this is also simply referred to as “outputtable power Pout”.
- Pout is also referred to as “basic output possible power Pout1".
- Vr means a value (lower limit value) of the cell voltage when the output power takes the output possible power Pout.
- target lower limit cell voltage Vr When the electric power is taken out from the lithium ion battery 1 as shown in the curve 505, the cell voltage drops as shown in the curve 506. Therefore, by limiting the power taken out from the lithium ion battery 1 to the outputable power Pout, the cell voltage can be maintained at the target lower limit cell voltage Vr. Note that FIG. 4 will be described with reference to the output possible power calculation unit 8.
- the lithium ion battery 1 is a lithium ion battery that charges and discharges by moving lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and is configured by electrically connecting a plurality of cells in series.
- the lithium ion battery 1 is used, for example, as a power source for driving a vehicle, and is connected to a drive motor via an inverter.
- a lithium ion battery will be described as an example, but the present embodiment will be applied to other secondary batteries such as a lead battery and a nickel hydrogen battery, which have a certain correlation between the operating temperature and the output characteristics. May be applied.
- the cell voltage detection unit 2 is a cell voltage sensor that detects the voltage (CCV) of each cell constituting the lithium ion battery 1, and outputs the detection result to the state determination unit 5 and the switching unit 6. That is, the cell voltage detection unit 2 is installed in all the cells constituting the lithium ion battery 1, and the voltage of each cell is detected.
- the voltage of each cell is a charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount that changes according to the change of the charge / discharge characteristic of each cell.
- the current detection unit 3 is a current sensor that detects the current of the charge current and the discharge current of the lithium ion battery 1, and outputs the detection result to the OCV calculation unit 7.
- the temperature detection unit 4 is a temperature sensor that detects the temperature inside the battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1, and outputs the detection result to the OCV calculation unit 7 and the outputable power calculation unit 8.
- One temperature sensor may be installed in the lithium ion battery 1, or a plurality of temperature sensors may be installed in the lithium ion battery 1. For example, when one temperature sensor is installed, it is preferable to install it at a position where the temperature is most likely to rise in the lithium ion battery 1, for example, in the central portion. When a plurality of temperature sensors are installed, it is preferable to install them at a position where the temperature is most likely to rise and a position where the temperature is most likely to decrease, for example, at the end of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the lithium ion battery 1 When a plurality of temperature sensors are installed, the lithium ion battery 1 may be installed at a position where the temperature is most likely to rise and at a position around the temperature. When a plurality of temperature sensors are installed in the lithium ion battery 1, the internal resistance calculation unit uses the lowest value of the temperatures detected by these temperature sensors to obtain the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery 1. May be calculated.
- the internal state detection unit 10 outputs an internal state detection value indicating the internal state of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the state determination unit 5 determines the state difference of the lithium ion battery 1, that is, the variation in the charge / discharge characteristics (charge / discharge performance) of each cell, based on each cell voltage output from the cell voltage detection unit 2. , The determination result is output to the switching unit 6. Specifically, the state determination unit 5 obtains the average cell voltage, which is the average value of the voltages of all the cells constituting the lithium ion battery 1. Further, the state determination unit 5 obtains the lowest cell voltage, which is the lowest cell voltage value among the voltages of all the cells constituting the lithium ion battery 1. Further, the state determination unit 5 calculates the cell voltage difference, which is the difference between the average cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. Then, the state determination unit 5 determines whether or not the difference between the cell voltage differences is equal to or greater than the voltage difference threshold value as a predetermined determination reference value.
- the voltage difference threshold value used in the determination process by the state determination unit 5 is a value that can be determined to have a predetermined variation in the charge / discharge characteristics (charge / discharge performance) of each cell constituting the lithium ion battery 1. ..
- the voltage difference threshold value for example, a value of about 10 times the variation range that is expected to occur inevitably due to factors such as an error of sensors or the operating environment of the lithium ion battery 1 can be set.
- the cell voltage difference can be set to a value of about 15%.
- the switching unit 6 switches the cell voltage used for the OCV calculation based on the state difference determination result output from the state determination unit 5, and outputs the switching result to the OCV calculation unit 7. Specifically, when the cell voltage difference is less than the voltage difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 sets the cell voltage used for the OCV calculation to the average cell voltage. Further, when the cell voltage difference is equal to or larger than the voltage difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 sets the cell voltage used for the OCV calculation to the minimum cell voltage.
- the OCV calculation unit 7 calculates the OCV per cell based on the cell voltage output from the switching unit 6, the current output from the current detection unit 3, and the temperature output from the temperature detection unit 4. The calculation result, that is, the OCV is output to the output possible power calculation unit 8. Specifically, the OCV calculation unit 7 calculates the OCV based on the cell voltage value CCV, the current value I, and the internal resistance R. That is, the OCV calculation unit 7 calculates the OCV using the above-mentioned equation 1.
- the OCV calculation unit 7 sets the information shown in FIG. 3 in a table value or the like, and uses the information for the calculation of the internal resistance R. That is, the OCV calculation unit 7 also functions as an internal resistance calculation unit that calculates the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4.
- the OCV calculation unit 7 calculates the OCV using the average cell voltage according to the above equation 1. Further, when the cell voltage set by the switching unit 6 is the lowest cell voltage, the OCV calculation unit 7 calculates the OCV using the lowest cell voltage according to the above equation 1.
- the outputable power calculation unit 8 calculates the output possible power based on the OCV output from the OCV calculation unit 7 and the temperature output from the temperature detection unit 4, and calculates the calculation result, that is, the outputable power. It is output to the vehicle controller 30.
- the target lower limit cell voltage Vr is set with a margin larger than the over-discharge voltage.
- the outputable power calculation unit 8 calculates (OCV-2.5V) /R ⁇ 2.5V using the above-mentioned equation 2. Then, the outputable power calculation unit 8 obtains the outputable power Pout of the entire battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1 by multiplying the calculated outputable power Pout_c per cell by the number of cells.
- the outputable power calculation unit 8 calculates the outputable power Pout in consideration of the variation in the charge / discharge characteristics of each cell of the lithium ion battery 1. Further, the LBC 20 functions as an outputable power calculation device of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the vehicle controller 30 is a control device that controls various devices, for example, a micro having a central computing device (CPU), a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface). It consists of a computer.
- the vehicle controller 30 functions as a control unit that controls the operation of various devices such as an engine, a motor, an inverter, and a battery provided in the vehicle by executing a specific program.
- the vehicle controller 30 may be composed of a plurality of microcomputers instead of being composed of one microcomputer.
- the vehicle controller 30 limits the power taken out from the lithium ion battery 1 based on the outputable power Pout output from the outputable power calculation unit 8. For example, the vehicle controller 30 limits the upper limit of the power consumption of the drive motor and the auxiliary machine to the outputable power Pout. Further, the vehicle controller 30 displays various information on the meter 40.
- the cell voltage when power is taken out from the lithium ion battery 1, the cell voltage drops, but by limiting the taken out power to the outputable power, the cell voltage can be maintained at the target lower limit cell voltage Vr, for example 2.5V. can.
- the cell voltage can be maintained at the target lower limit cell voltage Vr by limiting the power for extracting power from the lithium ion battery 1 to the output possible power Pout1.
- the meter 40 displays various information based on the control from the vehicle controller 30. For example, the meter 40 displays the outputable power Pout, the actual power consumption, and the like to the driver.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the rate characteristics of the lithium ion battery.
- the vertical axis represents the cell voltage and the horizontal axis represents the SOC.
- the solid line curve 511 shows the output characteristics when the temperature is as high as about 25 degrees
- the dotted line curves 512 and 513 show the output characteristics when the temperature is as low as about -25 degrees.
- the dotted line curve 513 shows the output characteristics when the discharge current of the lithium ion battery is larger than that of the dotted line curve 512.
- the output characteristics are lower at low temperatures than at room temperature.
- the discharge capacity that is, the SOC width decreases, and the cell voltage drops sharply.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the output characteristics of the lithium ion battery.
- the vertical axis shows the outputable power
- the horizontal axis shows the SOC.
- the dotted curve 515 shows the output characteristics when the temperature is high
- the solid curve 516 shows the output characteristics when the temperature is normal
- the dotted curve 517 shows the output characteristics when the temperature is low.
- the output power can be determined according to the temperature of the lithium ion battery and the SOC of the lithium ion battery. That is, as shown by arrow 518, the lower the temperature of the lithium ion battery, the higher the internal resistance value, the significant voltage drop according to the current flowing through the lithium ion battery, and the smaller the outputable power. Further, the lower the SOC, the lower the voltage, and therefore the outputable power becomes smaller.
- the allowable discharge power in the low temperature state is small, if the allowable power of the low temperature cell is exceeded, overdischarge may occur. Therefore, in order to prevent over-discharging, it is possible to set the allowable power based on the battery temperature, but the position where the temperature sensor is placed in the battery pack has layout and cost restrictions, so the temperature sensor is appropriate. Often difficult to place in.
- the output is appropriately limited according to the variation to prevent a decrease in cell capacity and voltage.
- the variation suggestion amount that correlates with the magnitude of the variation in the charge / discharge characteristics between the cells constituting the lithium ion battery 1, that is, the cell voltage difference is equal to or greater than the determination reference value (voltage difference threshold).
- the output possible power Pout is switched from the basic output possible power Pout1 which is normally set (when there is no variation) to the corrected output possible power Pout2.
- the cell voltage used when obtaining the outputable power Pout is switched from the average cell voltage corresponding to the basic output possible power Pout1 to the lowest cell voltage corresponding to the corrected output possible power Pout2.
- the cell capacity and voltage can be continuously extracted from the lithium ion battery 1, and the running of the vehicle can be maintained.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of the output control process executed by the battery output control system 100. This processing procedure is executed based on a program stored in a storage unit (not shown) of the battery output control system 100.
- step S201 the cell voltage detection unit 2 detects each cell voltage of the lithium ion battery 1.
- step S202 the current detection unit 3 detects the current flowing through the lithium ion battery 1.
- step S203 the temperature detection unit 4 detects the temperature inside the battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1.
- step S204 the state determination unit 5 calculates the average cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage based on each cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, and the cell voltage difference, which is the difference between them, is equal to or greater than the voltage difference threshold value. It is determined whether or not it is. Then, the switching unit 6 switches the cell voltage used for the OCV calculation as necessary based on the determination result. When the cell voltage difference is equal to or greater than the voltage difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 switches the cell voltage used for the OCV calculation to the lowest cell voltage, and proceeds to step S206. If the cell voltage difference is less than the voltage difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 sets the average cell voltage as the cell voltage used for the OCV calculation, and proceeds to step S205.
- step S205 the OCV calculation unit 7 per cell is based on the average cell voltage set by the switching unit 6, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4.
- the OCV of is calculated.
- step S206 the OCV calculation unit 7 per cell is based on the minimum cell voltage set by the switching unit 6, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4.
- the OCV of is calculated.
- step S207 the outputable power calculation unit 8 calculates the output power of the entire battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the OCV obtained by the OCV calculation unit 7 and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4. Calculate.
- step S208 the vehicle controller 30 limits the upper limit of the power taken out from the lithium ion battery 1 to the power that can be output obtained in step S207.
- step S209 the vehicle controller 30 causes the meter 40 to display the outputable power obtained in step S207 and the actual power consumption of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the cell voltage difference which is the difference between the average cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage
- the voltage difference threshold value is shown.
- other criteria may be used. For example, when the variation suggestion amount is used as the difference between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage, it is determined whether or not the difference is equal to or more than the appropriately determined judgment reference value, and when the difference is equal to or more than the judgment reference value.
- the cell voltage used for the OCV calculation may be switched to the lowest cell voltage.
- the output possible power Pout that can be output by the lithium ion battery 1 composed of a plurality of cells is obtained, and the output possible power Pout is obtained.
- the output power of the lithium ion battery 1 is controlled based on the above. Further, the output control method is based on the charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount (voltage of each cell or average cell voltage) that changes according to the change of the charge / discharge characteristics of each of the plurality of cells.
- the suggestion amount calculation step (step S204) for calculating the variation suggestion amount (cell voltage difference) that correlates with the magnitude of the variation and the variation suggestion amount are equal to or larger than a predetermined determination reference value (voltage difference threshold)
- the variation occurs. It includes a determination step (step S204) for determining that the output is possible, and an output available power setting step (steps S205 to S207) for setting the output possible power Pout based on the determination result of the occurrence of variation.
- the outputable power setting step when there is no variation, the basic outputable power Pout1 determined based on the suggested amount of charge / discharge characteristics (particularly the average cell voltage) is set as the outputable power Pout, and the variation occurs.
- the corrected output possible power Pout2 having a value lower than the basic output possible power Pout1 is set as the output possible power Pout.
- the charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount is detected by the respective voltages of the plurality of cells (cell voltage detection unit 2). (Each cell voltage) is acquired, and the cell voltage difference, which is the difference between the average cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage at each cell voltage, is calculated as a variation suggestion amount. Further, in the determination step (step S204), a predetermined voltage difference threshold value is set as the determination reference value. Further, in the output available power setting step (step S205 to step S207), the basic output possible power Pout1 is calculated based on the average cell voltage, and the corrected output possible power Pout2 is calculated based on the minimum cell voltage.
- the battery output control system 100 (an example of a secondary battery output control system) according to the present embodiment is an output control system that controls the output power of the lithium ion battery 1 composed of a plurality of cells.
- the battery output control system 100 acquires a charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount (voltage of each cell) that changes according to a change in the charge / discharge characteristics of each of the plurality of cells, and lithium ions based on the acquired charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount.
- the battery 1 is provided with an LBC 20 (an example of a controller) that obtains an outputable power Pout that can be output and controls the output power of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the outputable power Pout.
- the LBC 20 calculates a variation suggestion amount (cell voltage difference) that correlates with the magnitude of variation between cells in the charge / discharge characteristic based on the charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount, and the variation suggestion amount is a predetermined determination reference value ( If it is equal to or greater than the voltage difference threshold), it is determined that variation has occurred. Further, the LBC 20 sets the basic output possible power Pout1 determined based on the suggested amount of charge / discharge characteristics as the output possible power Pout when there is no variation, and when the variation occurs, the basic output possible power Pout1 is used. The low value of the corrected outputable power Pout2 is set as the outputable power.
- the battery output control system 100 shown in the first embodiment shows an example in which the average OCV calculation unit 51 and the minimum OCV calculation unit 52 are provided instead of the OCV calculation unit 7.
- the second embodiment is an example in which a part of the first embodiment is modified, and the same reference numerals are given to the parts common to the first embodiment, and a part of the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the battery output control system 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the battery output control system 200 includes an average OCV calculation unit 51 and a minimum OCV calculation unit 52 in the LBC 50.
- the average OCV calculation unit 51 is one cell based on the average value of the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4.
- the average OCV corresponding to the average value of the winning OCV is calculated. Specifically, the value of OCV obtained by using the average cell voltage value for the CCV of the above formula 1 is obtained as the average OCV.
- the minimum OCV calculation unit 52 is based on the minimum value of the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4.
- the minimum OCV corresponding to the minimum value among the OCVs of each cell constituting the battery 1 is calculated. Specifically, the minimum OCV is obtained according to Equation 1 by using the minimum cell voltage for the CCV of Equation 1 described above.
- the average OCV calculation unit 51 uses the average value of all the cell voltages detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, whereas the minimum OCV calculation unit 52 uses the average value. Only the lowest value of the cell voltages detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2 is used.
- the average OCV calculation unit 51 and the minimum OCV calculation unit 52 also function as an internal resistance calculation unit that calculates the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4.
- the OCV is a charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount that changes according to a change in the charge / discharge characteristics of each cell.
- the state determination unit 5 has a difference in charge / discharge characteristics of each cell constituting the lithium ion battery 1 based on the average OCV output from the average OCV calculation unit 51 and the minimum OCV output from the minimum OCV calculation unit 52. To judge. Specifically, the state determination unit 5 calculates the OCV difference, which is the difference between the average OCV and the minimum OCV. Then, the state determination unit 5 determines whether or not this OCV difference is greater than or equal to the OCV difference threshold value as a predetermined determination reference value.
- the OCV difference threshold value used in the determination process by the state determination unit 5 is the charge / discharge characteristic (charge / discharge performance) of each cell constituting the lithium ion battery 1 as in the voltage difference threshold value described in the first embodiment. It is set to a suitable value from the viewpoint of determining that a predetermined variation has occurred.
- the OCV difference threshold value can be set to a value at which the OCV difference is about 15%. These values can be set using various experimental data.
- the switching unit 6 switches the OCV used for the output possible power calculation based on the state difference determination result output from the state determination unit 5, and outputs the switching result to the output possible power calculation unit 8. Specifically, when the OCV difference is less than the OCV difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 sets the OCV used for the output possible power calculation to the average OCV. Further, when the OCV difference is equal to or larger than the OCV difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 sets the OCV used for the output possible power calculation to the minimum OCV.
- the outputable power calculation unit 8 can output the entire battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the OCV (average OCV or minimum OCV) output from the switching unit 6 and the temperature output from the temperature detection unit 4. Calculate the power.
- the method of calculating the outputable power is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of the output control process executed by the battery output control system 200. This processing procedure is executed based on a program stored in a storage unit (not shown) of the battery output control system 200.
- the process shown in FIG. 9 is an example in which a part of the process shown in FIG. 7 is modified, and steps S301 to S303, S308, and S309 shown in FIG. 9 are steps S201 to S203, S208, and S209 shown in FIG. In common with. Therefore, in the following, a part of the description about the parts common to the processing shown in FIG. 7 will be omitted.
- step S304 the average OCV calculation unit 51 is based on the average value of the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4. The average OCV per cell is calculated. Further, the minimum OCV calculation unit 52 is based on the minimum value of the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4. Calculate the minimum OCV per cell.
- step S305 the state determination unit 5 determines whether or not the OCV difference, which is the difference between the average OCV and the minimum OCV obtained in step S304, is equal to or greater than the OCV difference threshold value. Then, the switching unit 6 switches the OCV used for the output possible power calculation as necessary based on the determination result. When the OCV difference is equal to or greater than the OCV difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 switches the OCV used for the output possible power calculation to the minimum OCV, and proceeds to step S307. If the OCV difference is less than the OCV difference threshold, the switching unit 6 sets the average OCV as the OCV used for the output possible power calculation, and proceeds to step S306.
- step S306 the outputable power calculation unit 8 calculates the output power of the entire battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the average OCV set by the switching unit 6 and the temperature output from the temperature detection unit 4. Calculate.
- step S307 the outputable power calculation unit 8 calculates the output power of the entire battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the minimum OCV set by the switching unit 6 and the temperature output from the temperature detection unit 4. Calculate.
- the OCV difference (variation suggestion amount), which is the difference between the average OCV and the minimum OCV
- the OCV difference threshold (judgment reference value)
- the OCV used for the output possible power calculation is the minimum OCV.
- a determination process for determining whether or not the OCV difference is equal to or greater than the OCV difference threshold value and a determination process for determining whether or not the cell voltage difference described in the first embodiment is equal to or greater than the voltage difference threshold value (determination reference value).
- the OCV average OCV calculation
- the minimum OCV calculated by the minimum OCV calculation unit 52 are acquired, and the OCV difference, which is the difference between the average OCV and the minimum OCV in a plurality of cells, is calculated as a variation suggestion amount.
- a predetermined OCV difference threshold value is set as the determination reference value.
- the basic output possible power Pout1 is calculated based on the average OCV, and the corrected output possible power Pout2 is calculated based on the minimum OCV.
- the average SOC calculation unit 61, the minimum SOC calculation unit 61, and the minimum SOC calculation unit are replaced with the average OCV calculation unit 51, the minimum OCV calculation unit 52, and the output possible power calculation unit 8.
- An example is shown in which 62 and a calculation unit 70 are provided, and a temperature correction unit 63 and a power limit followability setting unit 64 are added.
- the third embodiment is an example in which a part of the first and second embodiments is modified, and the parts common to the first and second embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals and a part of the description thereof is given. Omit.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the battery output control system 300 according to the third embodiment.
- the battery output control system 300 includes an average SOC calculation unit 61, a minimum SOC calculation unit 62, a temperature correction unit 63, a power limit followability setting unit 64, and a calculation unit 70 in the LBC 60. Further, the calculation unit 70 includes an OCV calculation unit 71, an internal resistance calculation unit 72, and an output possible power calculation unit 73.
- Each configuration of the battery output control system 300 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 15 as appropriate.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a temperature correction method by the temperature correction unit 63.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a calculation method for calculating the initial SOC from the initial OCV.
- the initial OCV is the open end voltage of the lithium ion battery 1 obtained based on the cell voltage at the start of the vehicle. Further, the initial SOC is a value obtained according to the initial OCV as shown in the curve 521.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an OCV calculation method by the OCV calculation unit 71.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a setting example of the power limit followability by the power limit followability setting unit 64.
- FIG. 15 is a time chart showing the movement of the SOC and the outputable power Pout.
- the vertical axis of the upper graph shows SOC
- the vertical axis of the lower graph shows output available power Pout.
- the horizontal axis of both graphs is the time axis.
- curve 531 shows the average SOC
- curve 532 shows the lowest SOC.
- the minimum SOC corresponding to the curve 532 is displayed on the meter 40.
- the curve 534 shows the output available power Pout obtained by using the average SOC
- the curve 535 shows the output available power Pout obtained by using the minimum SOC.
- the time t1 indicates the timing at which a deviation of a predetermined value or more occurs between the average SOC and the minimum SOC, as shown by the arrow 533.
- the average SOC calculation unit 61 is based on the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4, and the SOC per cell. Calculate the average SOC corresponding to the average value of. Specifically, the average SOC calculation unit 61 detects the open end voltage (initial OCV) of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the cell voltage at the start of the vehicle by using the relationship shown in FIG. Next, the average SOC calculation unit 61 obtains the initial SOC according to the initial OCV, as shown in the curve 521 of FIG.
- the average SOC calculation unit 61 calculates the average SOC by subtracting the current flowing from the lithium ion battery 1 from the initial SOC based on the current detected by the current detection unit 3.
- the average SOC may be calculated using the average value.
- the minimum SOC calculation unit 62 is based on the minimum value of the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4.
- the minimum OCV corresponding to the minimum value in the SOC of each cell constituting the battery 1 is calculated. Specifically, by applying the minimum cell voltage to the CCV of the above formula 1, the minimum OCV can be obtained according to the formula 1. Further, as shown in the curve 523 of FIG. 13, the minimum SOC corresponding to the minimum OCV is obtained.
- the average SOC calculation unit 61 uses the average value of the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, whereas the minimum SOC calculation unit 62 uses the cell voltage detection unit 2. Only the lowest of the detected cell voltages is used.
- the average SOC calculation unit 61 and the minimum SOC calculation unit 62 also function as an internal resistance calculation unit that calculates the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4. Further, in the third embodiment, the SOC is a charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount that changes according to a change in the charge / discharge characteristics of each cell.
- the state determination unit 5 has a difference in charge / discharge characteristics of each cell constituting the lithium ion battery 1 based on the average SOC output from the average SOC calculation unit 61 and the minimum SOC output from the minimum SOC calculation unit 62. To judge. Specifically, the state determination unit 5 calculates the SOC difference, which is the difference between the average SOC and the minimum SOC. Then, the state determination unit 5 determines whether or not this SOC difference is greater than or equal to the SOC difference threshold value as a predetermined determination reference value.
- the SOC difference threshold value used in the determination process by the state determination unit 5 is similar to the OCV difference threshold value described in the second embodiment, and it is said that the charge / discharge characteristics of each cell of the lithium ion battery 1 have a predetermined variation. It is set to a suitable value from the viewpoint of judgment.
- the SOC difference threshold value can be set to a value at which the SOC difference is about 15%. These values can be set using various experimental data.
- the switching unit 6 switches the SOC used for the OCV calculation based on the state difference determination result output from the state determination unit 5, and outputs the switching result to the OCV calculation unit 71. Specifically, when the SOC difference is less than the SOC difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 sets the SOC used for the OCV calculation to the average SOC. Further, when the SOC difference is equal to or larger than the SOC difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 sets the SOC used for the OCV calculation to the minimum SOC.
- the temperature correction unit 63 corrects the temperature output from the temperature detection unit 4 based on the minimum SOC output from the minimum SOC calculation unit 62, and outputs the corrected temperature to the internal resistance calculation unit 72. .. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, the temperature correction unit 63 extracts a value corresponding to the minimum SOC output from the minimum SOC calculation unit 62 from the minimum value SOC65, and corrects the value corresponding to the extracted value. The value of the quantity 66 is subtracted from the temperature output from the temperature detection unit 4. For example, when the minimum SOC output from the minimum SOC calculation unit 62 is a value in the range of 21 to 30, 10 is used as the correction amount 66.
- the discrepancy between the detected value of the temperature inside the battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1 and the minimum value of the actual temperature is investigated in advance, and the detected value is corrected to the lower side.
- the actual minimum temperature can be predicted to improve the calculation accuracy of the outputable power, and the outputable power calculation can be realized with a small number of temperature sensors.
- the lower the minimum value SOC65 the larger the correction amount 66 is set, so that the output limitation is strongly applied, and the capacity decrease and the voltage decrease can be alleviated. As a result, the lithium ion battery 1 can continuously output electric power, and can maintain running in the vehicle system.
- temperature correction may be performed based on the average SOC. In this case, it is preferable to set the correction amount 66 larger than when the minimum SOC is used.
- the OCV calculation unit 71 calculates the OCV per cell based on the SOC (average SOC or minimum SOC) output from the switching unit 6, and outputs the calculation result, that is, the OCV to the outputable power calculation unit 73. Output. Specifically, as shown in the curve 523 of FIG. 13, the OCV calculation unit 71 obtains an OCV corresponding to the SOC output from the switching unit 6.
- the internal resistance calculation unit 72 calculates the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the temperature output from the temperature correction unit 63, and outputs the calculation result, that is, the value of the internal resistance to the output possible power calculation unit 73. Output.
- the method of calculating the internal resistance is the same as that of the first embodiment. Further, the internal resistance calculation unit shown in the first and second embodiments may also calculate the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery 1 using the corrected temperature.
- the outputable power calculation unit 73 calculates the output power of the entire battery pack of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the OCV output from the OCV calculation unit 71 and the value of the internal resistance output from the internal resistance calculation unit 72. Calculate.
- the method of calculating the outputable power is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the power limit followability setting unit 64 sets the power limit followability based on the determination result of the state difference output from the state determination unit 5 and the minimum SOC output from the minimum SOC calculation unit 62. , The setting information is output to the vehicle controller 30. That is, the power limit followability setting unit 64 switches the output power status indicating how to follow the output available power obtained by the output available power calculation unit 73. In other words, the power limit followability setting unit 64 sets the degree of followability that causes the actual power of the lithium ion battery 1 consumed by the drive motor of the vehicle system or the like to follow the output possible power.
- the state difference when the state difference is not determined by the state determination unit 5, it is set to follow the outputable power at a predetermined power change rate. That is, in the normal state, the amount of change in electric power is determined according to the vehicle speed in consideration of the drivability of the driver. By setting the followability to be slow in this way, the output limitation of the lithium ion battery 1 is relaxed, and the drivability of the driver can be emphasized.
- the followability of the power limit of the outputable power is set quickly. That is, the setting is such that the followability that limits the output possible power obtained by the calculation unit 70 is accelerated.
- the minimum SOC is 30 to 60%
- the followability of the power limit of the outputable power is set to be about 3 times faster than when the state difference is not determined.
- the minimum SOC is 0 to 30%, it is set to immediately follow according to the output possible power.
- the degree of followability for causing the actual power to follow the outputable power earlier than before the state difference is determined is set. That is, the output power status is switched, and the followability of the power limit is set quickly.
- the minimum SOC becomes low, the lithium ion battery 1 can be suppressed from a decrease in capacity and a decrease in voltage by immediately following it.
- the vehicle controller 30 limits the power taken out from the lithium ion battery 1 to the power that can be output from the calculation unit 70. Further, at the time of this limitation, as described above, the vehicle controller 30 adjusts the speed limit of power extraction according to the followability set by the power limit followability setting unit 64. That is, the vehicle controller 30 limits the outputtable power by the power limit change rate according to the power limit followability set by the power limit followability setting unit 64. In this way, the vehicle controller 30 functions as a power limiting unit that limits the output power of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the degree of followability set by the power limiting tracking setting unit 64.
- the meter 40 displays the minimum SOC output from the minimum SOC calculation unit 62 to the driver together with the outputable power, the actual power consumption, and the like.
- the driver can quickly recognize the decrease in SOC.
- the output power is limited, so that there is no sudden feeling or discomfort.
- the SOC used for obtaining the output possible power Pout is the average equivalent to the basic output possible power. Switch from SOC to the minimum SOC equivalent to the power that can be corrected and output. In this way, by using the minimum SOC, the outputable power Pout drops early, and a sudden drop in cell voltage can be suppressed.
- the output available power Pout when the output available power Pout is obtained using the average SOC, the output available power Pout becomes a high value, so that the minimum cell voltage drops at the time of high output and the output available power Pout. Pout may be suddenly squeezed.
- the output possible power Pout is limited to the output available power Pout obtained by using the minimum SOC shown in the curve 535 of FIG. As a result, a sudden drop in cell voltage can be suppressed.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of the output control process executed by the battery output control system 300. This processing procedure is executed based on a program stored in a storage unit (not shown) of the battery output control system 300.
- the process shown in FIG. 16 is an example in which a part of the process shown in FIG. 7 is modified, and steps S401 to S403 shown in FIG. 9 are common to steps S201 to S203 shown in FIG. Therefore, in the following, a part of the description about the parts common to the processing shown in FIG. 7 will be omitted.
- step S404 the average SOC calculation unit 61 calculates the average SOC per cell based on the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2 and the current detected by the current detection unit 3. Further, the minimum SOC calculation unit 62 is based on the minimum value of the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit 2, the current detected by the current detection unit 3, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4. Calculate the minimum SOC per cell.
- step S405 the state determination unit 5 determines whether or not the SOC difference, which is the difference between the average SOC and the minimum SOC obtained in step S404, is equal to or greater than the SOC difference threshold. Then, the switching unit 6 switches the SOC used for the OCV calculation as necessary based on the determination result. When the SOC difference is equal to or greater than the SOC difference threshold value, the switching unit 6 switches the SOC used for the OCV calculation to the minimum SOC, and proceeds to step S407. If the SOC difference is less than the SOC difference threshold, the switching unit 6 sets the average SOC as the SOC used for the OCV calculation, and proceeds to step S406.
- step S406 the OCV calculation unit 71 calculates the OCV per cell based on the average SOC set by the switching unit 6.
- step S407 the OCV calculation unit 71 calculates the OCV per cell based on the minimum SOC set by the switching unit 6.
- step S408 the power limit followability setting unit 64 sets the degree of followability that causes the actual power of the lithium ion battery 1 to follow the output possible power based on the minimum SOC set by the switching unit 6.
- step S409 the temperature correction unit 63 corrects the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4 based on the minimum SOC set by the switching unit 6.
- step S410 the internal resistance calculation unit 72 calculates the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the temperature correction value corrected by the temperature correction unit 63.
- step S411 the outputable power calculation unit 73 is based on the OCV obtained by the OCV calculation unit 71, the internal resistance obtained by the internal resistance calculation unit 72, and the cell voltage lower limit target value, and the lithium ion battery 1 Calculate the output power of the entire battery pack.
- step S412 the vehicle controller 30 limits the upper limit of the power taken out from the lithium ion battery 1 to the outputable power according to the degree of the power limit followability set by the power limit followability setting unit 64.
- step S413 the meter 40 displays the minimum SOC determined by the minimum SOC calculation unit 62, the outputable power determined by the outputable power calculation unit 73, and the actual power consumption of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the SOC used for the output possible power calculation is switched to the minimum SOC when the SOC difference (variation suggestion amount), which is the difference between the average SOC and the minimum SOC, is equal to or greater than the SOC difference threshold.
- SOC difference variation suggestion amount
- other criteria may be used in combination. For example, a determination process for determining whether or not the SOC difference is equal to or greater than the SOC difference threshold value, and a determination process for determining whether or not the cell voltage difference described in the first embodiment is equal to or greater than the voltage difference threshold value (determination reference value).
- the SOC used for the output possible power calculation when both the judgment result of the judgment process for judging whether or not the difference between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage is equal to or more than the judgment reference value May be switched to the minimum SOC.
- the SOC average SOC calculation
- the SOC difference which is the difference between the average SOC and the minimum SOC in a plurality of cells, is calculated as a variation suggestion amount.
- a predetermined SOC difference threshold value is set as the determination reference value.
- the basic output possible power Pout1 is calculated based on the average SOC
- the corrected output possible power Pout2 is calculated based on the minimum SOC.
- the temperature is detected based on the temperature detection step (step S403) for detecting the temperature in the lithium ion battery 1 and the charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount (SOC). It further includes a temperature correction step (step S409) for correcting the temperature, and a step (step S411) for obtaining the outputable power Pout using the corrected temperature. Further, in the outputable power setting step (step S406 to S411), the corrected output possible power Pout2 is obtained using the corrected temperature.
- the calculation accuracy of the outputable power can be improved, and the outputable power calculation can be realized with a small number of temperature sensors.
- the charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount is based on the lowest SOC among the SOCs of the plurality of cells. Correct the detected temperature.
- the calculation accuracy of the outputable power can be improved, and the outputable power calculation can be realized with a small number of temperature sensors.
- a followability setting step (step S408) for setting the degree of followability for making the actual power of the lithium ion battery 1 follow the outputable power Pout is further performed.
- the degree of followability for causing the actual power to follow the outputable power earlier than before the variation occurs is set.
- the output power of the lithium ion battery 1 is controlled to be limited based on the set degree of followability.
- the fourth embodiment shows an example in which the state determination unit 5 uses the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4 in the battery output control system 300 shown in the third embodiment to determine the state difference.
- the fourth embodiment is an example in which a part of the third embodiment is modified, and the same reference numerals are given to the parts common to the third embodiment, and a part of the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the battery output control system 400 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the battery output control system 400 has substantially the same configuration as that shown in FIG. However, the difference is that the temperature value detected by the temperature detection unit 4 is output to the state determination unit 5.
- the state determination unit 5 determines whether or not to determine the state difference (difference in charge / discharge characteristics of each cell) of the lithium ion battery 1 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4. For example, the state determination unit 5 determines whether or not to determine the state difference of the lithium ion battery 1 during the continuation of the start state (during one trip) based on the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4 when the vehicle is started. decide. For example, the state determination unit 5 determines that the state difference of the lithium ion battery 1 is continuously determined when the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4 at the time of starting the vehicle is a predetermined temperature or less, for example, 0 ° C. or less.
- the state determination unit 5 determines that the state difference of the lithium ion battery 1 is not determined when the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 4 at the time of starting the vehicle exceeds the predetermined temperature. In this case, the determination in step S405 of FIG. 16 always proceeds to step S406.
- the other configurations are the same as those in the third embodiment.
- the temperature and voltage of each cell of the lithium ion battery 1 often fluctuate in the process of increasing the temperature from a low temperature. Therefore, by performing the determination by the state determination unit 5 only when the temperature of the lithium ion battery 1 is low, the output limitation due to the variation is not applied at room temperature, so that the power performance of the vehicle at room temperature is sacrificed. It is possible to calculate the output power without any problems. Further, by limiting the output limitation due to variation at low temperature, it is possible to prevent malfunction at normal temperature.
- the output control method of the lithium ion battery 1 according to the fourth embodiment further includes a temperature detection step (step 403) for detecting the temperature of the lithium ion battery 1. Further, in the determination step (step S405), when the detected temperature is equal to or less than a predetermined value, it is determined whether or not the variation has occurred.
- the calculation unit 70 calculates the output possible power based on the SOC and the temperature.
- a map showing the relationship between SOC and temperature and outputable power may be retained, and the outputable power may be obtained using the map. Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, an example of obtaining the outputable power by using a map showing the relationship between the SOC and the temperature and the outputable power is shown.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of an output available power calculation map showing the relationship between SOC and temperature and output available power.
- This outputable power calculation map can be created by testing the relationship between SOC and temperature and outputable power offline and calculating in advance. For example, the output characteristics of a lithium-ion battery as shown in FIG. 6 can be tested to create an outputable power calculation map.
- the battery output control system stores the outputable power calculation map shown in FIG. 18 in a storage unit (not shown), and can output corresponding to SOC and temperature by referring to the output possible power calculation map. You can ask for power. For example, when the SOC is 20% and the temperature is 10 ° C., 77 kW is required as the output power. Further, for example, when the SOC is 60% and the temperature is 0 ° C., 75 kW is required as the outputable power.
- the state determination unit 5 calculates the variation suggestion amount (cell voltage difference, SOC difference, OCV difference) based on the charge / discharge characteristic suggestion amount (cell voltage, SOC, OCV).
- the variation suggestion amount cell voltage difference, SOC difference, OCV difference
- An example is shown in which it is determined that a variation has occurred when the amount of variation suggestion is equal to or greater than a predetermined judgment reference value.
- the switching unit 6 switches to a setting for obtaining the outputable power by using the minimum value (minimum cell voltage, minimum SOC, minimum OCV) when variation occurs.
- the switching unit 6 may be set to further limit the outputable power based on the magnitude of the variation suggestion amount (cell voltage difference, SOC difference, OCV difference).
- the state determination unit 5 obtains the ratio of the difference value with respect to the variation suggestion amount. Then, the switching unit 6 may be set to change the calculation method of the output possible power based on the ratio, that is, the magnitude of the variation suggestion amount. For example, the switching unit 6 is set to perform an operation for further limiting the outputable power as the ratio increases, and the outputable power calculation unit is set to further limit the outputable power according to the setting. May be asked.
- each process shown in the first to fifth embodiments is executed based on a program for causing a computer to execute each process procedure. Therefore, the first to fifth embodiments can be grasped as an embodiment of a program that realizes a function of executing each of these processes and a recording medium that stores the program.
- the program can be stored in the vehicle's storage device by an update when a new function is added to the vehicle. This update can be performed, for example, at the time of periodic inspection of the vehicle.
- the program may be updated by wireless communication.
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Abstract
Description
[電池出力制御システムの構成例]
図1は、第1実施形態における電池出力制御システム100の構成例を示すブロック図である。電池出力制御システム100は、電気自動車やハイブリッド車等の車両に搭載されているリチウムイオン電池1の出力を制御するシステムである。リチウムイオン電池1は、車両の駆動モータや補機類等の車載機器に対して電力を供給する。また、リチウムイオン電池1は車載器の充電器又は車外の充電装置により充電可能な電池でもある。
OCV=CCV+I×R …式1
Pout_c=I×Vr=(OCV-Vr)/R×Vr …式2
図7は、電池出力制御システム100が実行する出力制御処理の処理手順の一例を示すフローチャートである。なお、この処理手順は、電池出力制御システム100の記憶部(図示省略)に記憶されているプログラムに基づいて実行される。
第1実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池1(二次電池の一例)の出力制御方法は、複数のセルで構成されたリチウムイオン電池1が出力可能な出力可能電力Poutを求め、その出力可能電力Poutに基づいてリチウムイオン電池1の出力電力を制御する。また、その出力制御方法は、複数のセルのそれぞれの充放電特性の変化に応じて変化する充放電特性示唆量(各セルの電圧又は平均セル電圧)に基づいて、充放電特性のセル間のばらつきの大きさに相関するばらつき示唆量(セル電圧差)を演算する示唆量演算ステップ(ステップS204)と、ばらつき示唆量が所定の判定基準値(電圧差閾値)以上であると、ばらつきが発生したと判定する判定ステップ(ステップS204)と、ばらつきの発生の判定結果に基づいて出力可能電力Poutを設定する出力可能電力設定ステップ(ステップS205~ステップS207)と、を含む。そして、出力可能電力設定ステップでは、ばらつきが発生していない場合に、充放電特性示唆量(特に平均セル電圧)に基づいて定まる基本出力可能電力Pout1を出力可能電力Poutとして設定し、ばらつきが発生した場合に、基本出力可能電力Pout1よりも低い値の補正出力可能電力Pout2を出力可能電力Poutとして設定する。
第2実施形態では、第1実施形態で示した電池出力制御システム100においてOCV演算部7の代わりに平均OCV演算部51及び最低OCV演算部52を設けた例を示す。なお、第2実施形態は、第1実施形態の一部を変形した例であり、第1実施形態と共通する部分については、同一の符号を付してその説明の一部を省略する。
図8は、第2実施形態における電池出力制御システム200の機能構成例を示すブロック図である。電池出力制御システム200は、平均OCV演算部51及び最低OCV演算部52をLBC50に備える。
図9は、電池出力制御システム200が実行する出力制御処理の処理手順の一例を示すフローチャートである。なお、この処理手順は、電池出力制御システム200の記憶部(図示省略)に記憶されているプログラムに基づいて実行される。なお、図9に示す処理は、図7に示す処理の一部を変形した例であり、図9に示すステップS301乃至S303、S308、S309は、図7に示すステップS201乃至S203、S208、S209と共通する。そこで、以下では、図7に示す処理と共通する部分についての説明の一部を省略する。
第2実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池1(二次電池の一例)の出力制御方法は、示唆量演算ステップ(ステップS305)では、充放電特性示唆量として複数のセルのそれぞれのOCV(平均OCV演算部51により演算された平均OCV、最低OCV演算部52により演算された最低OCV)を取得し、ばらつき示唆量として複数のセルにおける平均OCVと最低OCVとの差であるOCV差を演算する。また、判定ステップ(ステップS305)では、上記判定基準値として所定のOCV差閾値を設定する。さらに、出力可能電力設定ステップ(ステップS306、S307)では、基本出力可能電力Pout1を平均OCVに基づいて演算し、補正出力可能電力Pout2を最低OCVに基づいて演算する。
第3実施形態では、第2実施形態で示した電池出力制御システム200において平均OCV演算部51、最低OCV演算部52及び出力可能電力演算部8の代わりに平均SOC演算部61、最低SOC演算部62及び演算部70を備え、温度補正部63、電力制限追従性設定部64を追加した例を示す。なお、第3実施形態は、第1、2実施形態の一部を変形した例であり、第1、2実施形態と共通する部分については、同一の符号を付してその説明の一部を省略する。
図10は、第3実施形態における電池出力制御システム300の機能構成例を示すブロック図である。電池出力制御システム300は、平均SOC演算部61と、最低SOC演算部62と、温度補正部63と、電力制限追従性設定部64と、演算部70とをLBC60に備える。また、演算部70は、OCV演算部71と、内部抵抗演算部72と、出力可能電力演算部73とを備える。なお、電池出力制御システム300の各構成については、図11乃至図15を適宜参照して説明する。
図16は、電池出力制御システム300が実行する出力制御処理の処理手順の一例を示すフローチャートである。なお、この処理手順は、電池出力制御システム300の記憶部(図示省略)に記憶されているプログラムに基づいて実行される。なお、図16に示す処理は、図7に示す処理の一部を変形した例であり、図9に示すステップS401乃至S403は、図7に示すステップS201乃至S203と共通する。そこで、以下では、図7に示す処理と共通する部分についての説明の一部を省略する。
第3実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池1(二次電池の一例)の出力制御方法は、示唆量演算ステップ(ステップS405)では、充放電特性示唆量として複数のセルのそれぞれのSOC(平均SOC演算部61により演算された平均SOC、最低SOC演算部62により演算された最低SOC)を取得し、ばらつき示唆量として複数のセルにおける平均SOCと最低SOCとの差であるSOC差を演算する。また、判定ステップ(ステップS405)では、上記判定基準値として所定のSOC差閾値を設定する。さらに、出力可能電力設定ステップ(ステップS406~ステップS411)では、基本出力可能電力Pout1を平均SOCに基づいて演算し、補正出力可能電力Pout2を最低SOCに基づいて演算する。
第4実施形態では、第3実施形態で示した電池出力制御システム300において状態判定部5が温度検出部4により検出された温度を用いて状態差判定を行う例を示す。なお、第4実施形態は、第3実施形態の一部を変形した例であり、第3実施形態と共通する部分については、同一の符号を付してその説明の一部を省略する。
図17は、第4実施形態における電池出力制御システム400の機能構成例を示すブロック図である。電池出力制御システム400は、図10に示す構成と略共通する。ただし、温度検出部4により検出された温度の値が状態判定部5に出力される点が異なる。
第4実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池1の出力制御方法は、リチウムイオン電池1における温度を検出する温度検出ステップ(ステップ403)をさらに含む。また、判定ステップ(ステップS405)では、その検出された温度が所定値以下のときに、ばらつきが発生したか否かを判定する。
第3実施形態及び第4実施形態では、演算部70がSOC及び温度に基づいて出力可能電力を演算する例を示した。ただし、SOC及び温度と出力可能電力との関係を示すマップを保持しておき、そのマップを用いて出力可能電力を求めるようにしてもよい。そこで、第5実施形態では、SOC及び温度と出力可能電力との関係を示すマップを用いて出力可能電力を求める例を示す。
図18は、SOC及び温度と出力可能電力との関係を示す出力可能電力演算マップの一例を示す図である。この出力可能電力演算マップは、オフラインでSOC及び温度と出力可能電力との関係を試験して予め演算して作成することができる。例えば、図6に示すようなリチウムイオン電池の出力特性を試験して出力可能電力演算マップを作成することができる。
Claims (9)
- 複数のセルで構成された二次電池が出力可能な出力可能電力を求め、該出力可能電力に基づいて二次電池の出力電力を制御する二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記複数のセルのそれぞれの充放電特性の変化に応じて変化する充放電特性示唆量に基づいて、該充放電特性のセル間のばらつきの大きさに相関するばらつき示唆量を演算する示唆量演算ステップと、
前記ばらつき示唆量が所定の判定基準値以上であると前記ばらつきが発生したと判定する判定ステップと、
前記ばらつきの発生の判定結果に基づいて前記出力可能電力を設定する出力可能電力設定ステップと、を含み、
前記出力可能電力設定ステップでは、
前記ばらつきが発生していない場合に、前記充放電特性示唆量に基づいて定まる基本出力可能電力を前記出力可能電力として設定し、
前記ばらつきが発生した場合に、前記基本出力可能電力よりも低い値の補正出力可能電力を前記出力可能電力として設定する、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 請求項1に記載の二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記示唆量演算ステップでは、前記充放電特性示唆量として前記複数のセルのそれぞれの電圧を取得し、前記ばらつき示唆量として前記複数のセルの電圧における平均セル電圧と最低セル電圧との差であるセル電圧差を演算し、
前記判定ステップでは、前記判定基準値として所定の電圧差閾値を設定し、
前記出力可能電力設定ステップでは、前記基本出力可能電力を前記平均セル電圧に基づいて演算し、前記補正出力可能電力を前記最低セル電圧に基づいて演算する、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 請求項1に記載の二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記示唆量演算ステップでは、前記充放電特性示唆量として前記複数のセルのそれぞれのOCVを取得し、前記ばらつき示唆量として前記複数のセルにおける平均OCVと最低OCVとの差であるOCV差を演算し、
前記判定ステップでは、前記判定基準値として所定のOCV差閾値を設定し、
前記出力可能電力設定ステップでは、前記基本出力可能電力を前記平均OCVに基づいて演算し、前記補正出力可能電力を前記最低OCVに基づいて演算する、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 請求項1に記載の二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記示唆量演算ステップでは、前記充放電特性示唆量として前記複数のセルのそれぞれのSOCを取得し、前記ばらつき示唆量として前記複数のセルにおける平均SOCと最低SOCとの差であるSOC差を演算し、
前記判定ステップでは、前記判定基準値として所定のSOC差閾値を設定し、
前記出力可能電力設定ステップでは、前記基本出力可能電力を前記平均SOCに基づいて演算し、前記補正出力可能電力を前記最低SOCに基づいて演算する、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記二次電池における温度を検出する温度検出ステップをさらに含み、
前記判定ステップでは、前記検出された温度が所定値以下のときに、前記ばらつきが発生したか否かを判定する、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記二次電池における温度を検出する温度検出ステップと、
前記充放電特性示唆量に基づいて、検出された温度を補正する温度補正ステップと、
前記補正された温度を用いて前記出力可能電力を求めるステップと、をさらに含み、
前記出力可能電力設定ステップでは、補正された温度を用いて前記補正出力可能電力を求める、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 請求項6に記載の二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記温度補正ステップでは、前記充放電特性示唆量としての前記複数のセルのそれぞれのSOCの内の最低SOCに基づいて、検出された温度の補正を行う、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の二次電池の出力制御方法であって、
前記二次電池の実電力を前記出力可能電力に追従させる追従性の度合を設定する追従性設定ステップをさらに含み、
前記追従性設定ステップでは、前記ばらつきが発生した場合には、前記ばらつきが発生する前よりも前記実電力を前記出力可能電力に早く追従させる前記追従性の度合を設定し、
前記設定された追従性の度合に基づいて前記二次電池の出力電力を制限するように制御する、
二次電池の出力制御方法。 - 複数のセルで構成された二次電池の出力電力を制御する出力制御システムであって、
前記複数のセルのそれぞれの充放電特性の変化に応じて変化する充放電特性示唆量を取得し、取得した前記充放電特性示唆量に基づいて前記二次電池が出力可能な出力可能電力を求め、該出力可能電力に基づいて前記二次電池の出力電力を制御するコントローラを備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記充放電特性示唆量に基づいて、前記充放電特性のセル間のばらつきの大きさに相関するばらつき示唆量を演算し、
前記ばらつき示唆量が所定の判定基準値以上であると前記ばらつきが発生したと判定し、
前記ばらつきが発生していない場合に、前記充放電特性示唆量に基づいて定まる基本出力可能電力を前記出力可能電力として設定し、
前記ばらつきが発生した場合に、前記基本出力可能電力よりも低い値の補正出力可能電力を前記出力可能電力として設定する、
二次電池の出力制御システム。
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