WO2021203735A1 - 一种电源变换器、充电机、充电***及方法 - Google Patents
一种电源变换器、充电机、充电***及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021203735A1 WO2021203735A1 PCT/CN2020/138250 CN2020138250W WO2021203735A1 WO 2021203735 A1 WO2021203735 A1 WO 2021203735A1 CN 2020138250 W CN2020138250 W CN 2020138250W WO 2021203735 A1 WO2021203735 A1 WO 2021203735A1
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- circuit
- voltage
- power
- bus capacitor
- charger
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a power converter, charger, charging system and method.
- the input of the power converter is alternating current and the output is direct current, it generally includes the previous-stage electromagnetic interference filter (EMC, Electro Magnetic Compatibility) circuit 100, power factor correction (PFC, Power Factor Correction) circuit 200, A DC bus capacitor C, a DC-DC (DC-DC) circuit 300.
- EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
- PFC Power Factor Correction
- DC-DC DC-DC circuit 300
- FIG. 2 if the input of the power converter is AC power and the output is AC power, the difference from FIG. 1 is that the final stage circuit is a DC-AC (DC-AC) circuit 400 instead of a DC-DC circuit 300.
- DC-AC DC-AC
- a pre-charging circuit 500 is added before the PFC circuit 200. See FIG. 3.
- the control relay K is disconnected.
- the soft starting resistor R is The DC bus capacitor C is charged.
- the relay K is closed to start the power conversion.
- this application provides a power converter, charger, charging system and method, which can charge the DC bus capacitor before the AC power is turned on without increasing the volume and cost of the power converter.
- this application provides a power converter, including: a power factor correction PFC circuit, a DC bus capacitor, a power conversion circuit, and a controller; the first end of the PFC circuit is used to connect to alternating current, and the second end of the PFC circuit Used to connect the first end of the power conversion circuit, the DC bus capacitor is connected in parallel to the second end of the PFC circuit; the power conversion circuit is used to convert the DC power output by the PFC circuit and output it to the device under the control of the controller.
- the power provided by the device is converted to charge the DC bus capacitor; the controller is used to control the power conversion circuit to convert the power provided by the device to the DC bus before the AC power is connected to the first end of the PFC circuit Capacitor charging; also used to control the first end of the PFC circuit to be connected to AC power when the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, so that the power conversion circuit converts the DC power output by the PFC circuit and outputs it to the device.
- the power converter does not add new hardware.
- the power converter includes a PFC circuit, a DC bus capacitor, a power conversion circuit and a controller. Before the AC power is connected to the PFC circuit, the controller controls the power conversion circuit to convert the electrical energy provided by the device to charge the DC bus capacitor. When the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, it controls the first end of the PFC circuit to connect to the AC power. Pass. In this way, it is avoided that the AC power is directly connected to the DC bus capacitor C to generate a large inrush current and cause damage to the components in the PFC circuit.
- the power converter utilizes the existing hardware and is controlled by the controller to realize the pre-charging of the DC bus capacitor, without additional hardware equipment such as a pre-charging circuit, which reduces the volume of the power converter and reduces the production cost of the power converter .
- the power conversion circuit includes: a direct current-direct current DC-DC circuit; the first end of the DC-DC circuit is used to connect to the second end of the PFC circuit, and the second end of the DC-DC circuit is used to connect to the device.
- the DC-DC circuit includes a primary switch circuit, a transformer, and a secondary switch circuit;
- the device includes a battery; the first terminal of the primary switch circuit is used to connect to the second terminal of the PFC circuit; the second terminal of the primary switch circuit Used to connect the primary winding of the transformer; the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the first end of the secondary switch circuit, and the second end of the secondary switch circuit is used to connect the battery; the controller is specifically used to control the power conversion circuit to provide the battery After the electric energy is converted, the DC bus capacitor is charged.
- the power conversion circuit of the power converter includes a primary side switch circuit, a transformer, and a secondary side switch circuit.
- the device that provides DC power to the DC bus capacitor may be a battery.
- the controller controls the secondary-side switching circuit and the primary-side switching circuit, transforms the DC power provided by the battery through a transformer, and then charges the DC bus capacitor. After the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, connect the power converter to the AC power, so as to avoid direct input of AC power to the DC bus capacitor, resulting in a large inrush current and damaging the internal components of the power converter . Further, after the power converter is connected to the AC power, the controller controls the primary side switch circuit and the secondary side switch circuit to convert the DC power output from the PFC circuit, and then charge the battery.
- the storage battery includes a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery; the controller is specifically used to control the power conversion circuit to convert the electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery or the high-voltage battery to charge the DC bus capacitor.
- the secondary side switch circuit includes: a secondary side high voltage switch circuit and a secondary side low voltage switch circuit; the secondary side winding of the transformer includes a first secondary side winding and a second secondary side winding; the first secondary side winding is connected to the secondary side high voltage switch circuit The first end of the secondary side high voltage switch circuit is used to connect the second end of the high voltage battery; the second secondary winding is connected to the first end of the secondary side low voltage switch circuit, and the second end of the secondary side low voltage switch circuit is used to connect the low voltage battery
- the controller is specifically used to control the secondary low-voltage switch circuit to provide the energy of the low-voltage battery to the second secondary winding of the transformer, so that the power conversion circuit converts the electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery to charge the DC bus capacitor.
- the power converter can be applied to the charger of an electric vehicle.
- the DC-DC circuit of the power converter includes a primary side switch circuit, a transformer, a secondary side high voltage switch circuit, and a secondary side low voltage switch circuit.
- the DC bus capacitor When pre-charging the DC bus capacitor, the DC bus capacitor is charged by the DC power provided by the low-voltage battery of the electric vehicle, so as to avoid direct input of AC power to the DC bus capacitor, resulting in a large inrush current and causing damage to the internal components of the power converter. damage. Since the voltage of the low-voltage battery is low, there is no danger of high-voltage electric shock. Therefore, the low-voltage battery can remain connected to the charger when it is not charging. When it is necessary to pre-charge the DC bus capacitor, it is convenient and quick to directly use the low-voltage battery to pre-charge the DC bus capacitor.
- the preset voltage is the peak voltage of alternating current.
- the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, and then the power converter is connected to the AC power, for example, the preset voltage is the peak voltage of the AC power. Since the voltage of the DC bus capacitor has reached the peak voltage of the AC power, when the AC power is switched on, the power converter will not generate a large inrush current, thereby avoiding damage to the internal components of the power converter.
- this application provides a charger applied to electric vehicles, including: a power factor correction PFC circuit, a DC bus capacitor, a DC-DC circuit, and a charger controller; the first end of the PFC circuit is used to connect to AC Charging interface, the second end of the PFC circuit is used to connect to the first end of the DC-DC circuit, and the DC bus capacitor is connected in parallel to the second end of the PFC circuit; the DC-DC circuit is used to connect the PFC under the control of the charger controller The DC power output by the circuit is converted to charge the battery on the electric vehicle.
- the charger controller is used in the PFC circuit Before the first terminal is connected to the AC power, the DC-DC circuit is controlled to convert the electric energy provided by the battery to charge the DC bus capacitor; it is also used to control the first terminal of the PFC circuit to connect to the AC power when the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage.
- the DC-DC circuit converts the direct current output from the PFC circuit to charge the battery.
- the charger does not add new hardware.
- the charger includes a power factor correction PFC circuit, a DC bus capacitor, a DC-DC circuit and a charger controller. Before connecting the charger to the power supply interface, using the existing hardware, the charger controller controls the DC-DC circuit to charge the DC bus capacitor with the DC power provided by the battery. There is no need to add additional hardware devices such as pre-charging circuits. The volume of the charger is reduced and the production cost of the charger is reduced.
- the storage battery includes a low-voltage battery; and the charger controller is specifically used to control the DC-DC circuit to convert the electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery to charge the DC bus capacitor.
- the battery further includes: a high voltage battery;
- the DC-DC circuit includes a primary side switch circuit, a transformer, a secondary side high voltage switch circuit, and a secondary side low voltage switch circuit; the first end of the primary side switch circuit is connected to the second end of the PFC circuit;
- the second end of the primary switching circuit is connected to the primary winding of the transformer;
- the first secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the first end of the secondary high-voltage switching circuit, and the second end of the secondary high-voltage switching circuit is used to connect the high-voltage battery;
- the second secondary winding is connected to the first end of the secondary low-voltage switch circuit, and the second end of the secondary low-voltage switch circuit is used to connect the low-voltage battery;
- the controller is specifically used to control the secondary low-voltage switch circuit to provide the energy of the low-voltage battery to
- the second secondary winding of the transformer enables the DC-DC circuit to convert the electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery and charge the DC bus capacitor.
- the charger controller controls the primary switch circuit to input the DC power provided by the PFC circuit to the primary winding of the transformer, and then inputs it to the secondary low-voltage switch through the second secondary winding of the transformer T
- the first end of the circuit controls the secondary side low-voltage switch circuit to charge the low-voltage battery with the direct current output from the PFC circuit.
- the charger controller can also control the primary side switch circuit and the secondary side high voltage switch circuit to charge the high voltage battery.
- this application provides a charging system, including a charger and a power supply device; the power supply device is used to send charging start request information to the charger before providing electric energy to the charger; the charger includes energy storage and Filtered DC bus capacitor, the charger is used to send feedback information to the power supply device on the charging start request information when the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage; the power supply device is also used to charge the battery after receiving the feedback information The machine provides electricity.
- the charger is the charger of any one of the second aspect of the application.
- the power supply device When the charger is charging, the power supply device sends charging start request information to the charger controller; after the charger controller receives the charging start request information, the charger controller controls the DC-DC circuit to convert the electrical energy provided by the low-voltage battery to the The DC bus capacitor is charged; when the charger controller confirms that the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, it sends feedback information to the power supply device; after the power supply device receives the feedback information, it controls the internal switch K1 and switch K2 to close, through the power supply interface Provide power to the charger.
- the existing hardware of the charger is used to realize the pre-charging of the DC bus capacitor through the control of the charger controller, without additional hardware equipment such as a pre-charging circuit, which reduces the size of the charger and reduces the production cost of the charger.
- the present application provides a pre-charging method, which is applied to a first device, the first device includes a power converter and a battery, the power converter includes a DC bus capacitor for energy storage and filtering, and the method includes: receiving The charging start request information sent by the power supply device; in response to the charging start request information, the electric energy provided by the battery is used to charge the DC bus capacitor; when the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, the feedback of the charging start request information is sent to the power supply device Information, so that the power supply device provides power to the charger through the power supply interface.
- the first device including the power converter and the storage battery is controlled by the above method, and there is no need to add new hardware inside the power converter.
- the existing hardware equipment inside the power converter can be used to complete the alignment. Pre-charging of DC bus capacitors. Therefore, there is no need to add additional hardware devices such as a pre-charging circuit, which reduces the volume of the power converter and reduces the production cost of the power converter.
- the feedback information of the charging start request information is sent to the power supply device, and the power supply device provides power to the power converter through the power supply interface, thereby avoiding and avoiding the direct connection of AC power to the DC bus A large rush current is generated on the capacitor, causing damage to the components in the PFC circuit.
- the power converter does not add new hardware.
- the power converter includes a PFC circuit, a DC bus capacitor, a power conversion circuit and a controller. Before the AC power is connected to the PFC circuit, the controller controls the power conversion circuit to convert the electrical energy provided by the device to charge the DC bus capacitor. When the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, it controls the first end of the PFC circuit to connect to the AC power. Pass. Therefore, it is avoided that the AC power is directly connected to the DC bus capacitor C to generate a relatively large inrush current and cause damage to the components in the PFC circuit.
- the existing hardware is used to realize the pre-charging of the DC bus capacitor through the control of the controller, without additional hardware equipment such as a pre-charging circuit, which reduces the volume of the power converter and reduces the power conversion.
- additional hardware equipment such as a pre-charging circuit
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a power converter
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another power converter
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of yet another power converter
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power converter provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another power converter provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of still another power converter provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of yet another power converter provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a charger provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another charger provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another DC-DC circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a charging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another charging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a precharging method provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the function of the power converter is to transform the power supply at the input end and provide the converted electric energy to the back-end equipment.
- the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application is to use subsequent equipment to charge the DC bus capacitor inside the power converter before the power converter is turned on, increase the voltage of the DC bus capacitor, and then turn on the power, thereby avoiding direct power-on
- the power supply generates inrush current and damages the internal components.
- the embodiments of the application do not limit the application scenarios of the power converter.
- it can provide power for servers in various scenarios, or power supply for base stations in network equipment, or provide power for backup power supplies in the above various scenarios, such as uninterruptible power supplies.
- UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
- the power converter can also be applied to the on-board charger of an electric vehicle to charge the battery on the electric vehicle.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the application.
- the power converter includes: a power factor correction PFC circuit 200, a DC bus capacitor C, a power conversion circuit 600, and a controller 700.
- the first end of the PFC circuit 200 is used to connect to alternating current
- the second end of the PFC circuit 200 is used to connect to the first end of the power conversion circuit 600
- the DC bus capacitor C is connected in parallel to the second end of the PFC circuit 200.
- the function implemented by the PFC circuit 200 is to rectify the alternating current into direct current, and at the same time, it can also convert the direct current, for example, boost the direct current.
- the power conversion circuit 600 is used to convert the DC power output by the PFC circuit 200 and output to the device 800 under the control of the controller, and is also used to charge the DC bus capacitor after converting the electrical energy provided by the device under the control of the controller.
- the controller 700 is used for controlling the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the electrical energy provided by the device 800 to charge the DC bus capacitor C before the AC power is connected to the first end of the PFC circuit; also for charging the DC bus capacitor C when the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C reaches a preset value
- the first end of the PFC circuit 200 is controlled to be connected to the alternating current, so that the power conversion circuit converts the direct current output from the PFC circuit and outputs it to the device.
- the preset voltage can be set according to the voltage of the AC power connected to the first end of the PFC circuit 200, and is generally set to the peak voltage of the AC power source, or higher than the peak voltage.
- the AC power is connected to the input end of the power converter, and during normal operation, the electrical energy is transmitted to the device 800 through the PFC circuit 200 and the power conversion circuit 600.
- the controller 700 controls the electrical energy from the device 800 to charge the DC bus capacitor C through the power conversion circuit 600.
- the power converter provided in this embodiment does not add new hardware.
- the controller 700 pre-controls the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the power provided by the device 800 to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C will increase.
- the controller 700 controls the first terminal of the PFC circuit 200 to be connected to AC power. Since the controller 700 controls the power conversion circuit 600 in advance to increase the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C to a preset voltage, it is avoided that the AC power is directly connected to the DC bus capacitor C to generate a large inrush current, which will affect the components in the PFC circuit 200 Cause damage.
- the controller 700 precharges the DC bus capacitor C by controlling the power transmission direction of the power conversion circuit 600, without adding additional hardware devices such as a precharging circuit, which reduces The volume of the power converter reduces the production cost of the power converter.
- the controller 700 controls the first terminal of the PFC circuit 200 to be connected to AC power, the PFC circuit 200 outputs DC power, and the controller 700 controls the power
- the conversion circuit 600 converts the direct current output from the PFC circuit 200 and outputs it to the device 800 to supply power to the device 800.
- the power conversion circuit 600 has the characteristics of bidirectional power transfer. Under the control of the controller 700, the power conversion circuit 600 can transfer power from the device 800 side to the DC bus capacitor C side, and can also transfer power from the DC bus capacitor C side. Pass it to the device 800 side.
- the process of the power conversion circuit 600 transferring electrical energy from the device 800 side to the DC bus capacitor C side may be: the controller 700 controls the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the electrical energy provided by the device 800 to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the power conversion circuit 600 transmits electrical energy from the device 800 side to the DC bus capacitor C side.
- the electrical energy provided by the device 800 may be direct current or alternating current.
- the process of the power conversion circuit 600 transferring electric energy from the DC bus capacitor C side to the device 800 side may be: the controller 700 controls the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the electric energy output by the PFC circuit 200, and then outputs DC power to charge the device 800.
- the power conversion circuit 600 transmits electric energy from the DC bus capacitor C side to the device 800 side.
- the electric energy output by the power conversion circuit 600 may be direct current or alternating current.
- the power conversion circuit 600 includes an inverter circuit in addition to a DC-DC DC-DC circuit.
- the controller 700 controls the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the DC power provided by the device 800 to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the AC power provided by the device 800 can also be converted to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the controller 700 controls the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the DC power input by the PFC circuit 200 and output DC power to charge the device 800, and can also convert the DC power input by the PFC circuit 200 Then output AC power to charge the device 800.
- the adaptable range of the power converter is further improved.
- the power converter can output direct current and supply power to devices that require direct current.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another power converter provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the power conversion circuit 600 of the power converter includes a DC-DC DC-DC circuit 610.
- the controller 700 can control the DC-DC circuit 610 to convert the DC power provided by the device 800 to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the controller 700 controls the first terminal of the PFC circuit 200 to be connected to AC power. Therefore, it is avoided that the AC power is directly connected to the DC bus capacitor C, which generates a relatively large inrush current and damages the components in the PFC circuit 200.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of still another power converter provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the DC-DC circuit 610 of the power converter includes: a primary side switch circuit 611, a transformer T, and a secondary side switch circuit 612.
- the device 800 includes: a battery 810.
- the first end of the primary switch circuit 611 is connected to the second end of the PFC circuit 200.
- the second end of the primary switch circuit 611 is connected to the primary winding of the transformer T.
- the secondary winding of the transformer T is connected to the first terminal of the secondary switch circuit 612, and the second terminal of the secondary switch circuit 612 is used to charge the battery 810.
- the controller 700 is used for controlling the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the electric energy provided by the storage battery 810 to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the controller 700 of the power converter can control the primary side switch circuit 611 and the secondary side switch circuit 612 to convert the DC power provided by the battery 810 through the transformer T, and then charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the controller 700 controls the secondary switch circuit 612 to input the DC power provided by the battery 810 to the secondary winding, the secondary winding and the primary winding of the transformer T Through magnetic field coupling, electric energy is provided as the primary winding of T, and the primary winding of T is provided to the first end of the primary switching circuit 611, and the DC bus capacitor C is charged through the primary switching circuit 611.
- the controller 700 controls the first terminal of the PFC circuit 200 to be connected to AC power.
- the controller 700 controls the primary side switch circuit 611 and the secondary side switch circuit 612 to charge the battery 810.
- the power conversion circuit 600 of the power converter includes a primary side switch circuit 611, a transformer T, and a secondary side switch circuit 612.
- the device 800 that provides DC power to the DC bus capacitor C may be the battery 810.
- the controller 700 controls the secondary side switch circuit 611 and the primary side switch circuit 612, converts the DC power provided by the battery 810 through the transformer T, and then charges the DC bus capacitor C. After the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C reaches the preset voltage, the power converter is connected to the AC power, so as to avoid direct input of AC power to the DC bus capacitor C, which will cause a large inrush current to the internal components of the power converter. Cause damage. Further, after the power converter is connected to AC power, the controller 700 controls the primary side switch circuit 611 and the secondary side switch circuit 612 to convert the DC power output from the PFC circuit 200 to charge the battery.
- the power converter in this embodiment is applied to a charger of an electric vehicle as an example.
- the power converter can be located inside the charger.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of yet another power converter provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the battery 810 of the electric vehicle when applied to an electric vehicle, may include a high-voltage battery 810a and a low-voltage battery 810b.
- the high-voltage battery 810a is used to provide electrical energy for the motor of the electric vehicle; the low-voltage battery 810b is used to provide electrical energy for the control system and auxiliary equipment of the electric vehicle.
- the controller 700 of the power converter controls the power conversion circuit 600 to convert the electric energy provided by the high-voltage battery 810a or the low-voltage battery 810b to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the DC-DC circuit 610 of the power converter includes a primary side switch circuit 611, a transformer T, a secondary side high voltage switch circuit 612a, and a secondary side low voltage switch circuit 612b.
- the first end of the primary switch circuit 611 is connected to the second end of the PFC circuit 200.
- the second end of the primary switch circuit 611 is connected to the primary winding of the transformer T.
- the secondary winding of the transformer T includes a first secondary winding and a second secondary winding.
- the first secondary winding is connected to the first terminal of the secondary high-voltage switch circuit 612a, and the second terminal of the secondary high-voltage switch circuit 612a is used to charge the high-voltage battery 810a.
- the second secondary winding is connected to the first terminal of the secondary low-voltage switch circuit 612b, and the second terminal of the secondary low-voltage switch circuit 612b is used to charge the low-voltage battery 810b.
- the controller 700 of the power converter controls the primary side switch circuit 611 and the secondary side high voltage switch circuit 612a, and converts the electric energy provided by the high voltage battery 810a to the DC bus capacitor C; or, the controller 700 of the power converter controls the primary side The switch circuit 611 and the secondary side low voltage switch circuit 612b convert the electric energy provided by the low voltage battery 810b to the DC bus capacitor C.
- the battery 810 of an electric vehicle includes a high-voltage battery 810a and a low-voltage battery 810b; among them, the high-voltage battery 810a provides a higher voltage, which can provide driving power for the vehicle; the low-voltage battery 810b provides a lower voltage, which can provide the control system of the vehicle And auxiliary equipment to provide electricity. Compared with the high-voltage battery 810a, the low-voltage battery 810b provides lower voltage and higher safety.
- the low-voltage battery 810b may always be connected to the secondary-side low-voltage switch circuit 612b. If the high-voltage battery 810a is always connected to the secondary-side high-voltage switch circuit 612a, there is a risk of causing a safety accident. Therefore, when the high-voltage battery 810a is not charged, the connection between the high-voltage battery 810a and the secondary side high-voltage switch circuit 612a can be disconnected.
- the power converter may be applied to a charger of an electric vehicle, and the DC bus capacitor C of the power converter inside the charger is precharged before the charger is connected to AC power.
- the controller 700 controls the secondary-side low-voltage switch circuit 612b to input the DC power provided by the low-voltage battery 810b to the second secondary winding of the transformer T, and supplies it to the first end of the primary switch circuit 611 through the primary winding of the transformer T.
- the controller 700 The control primary switch circuit 611 will charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the controller 700 controls the first terminal of the PFC circuit 200 to be connected to AC power.
- the controller 700 controls the primary switching circuit 611 to input the DC power provided by the PFC circuit 200 to the primary winding of the transformer T, and provides it to the secondary high voltage switching circuit 612a through the first secondary winding of the transformer T
- the first end of the secondary side high voltage switch circuit 612a is controlled to charge the DC power output by the PFC circuit 200 to the high voltage battery 810a.
- the controller 700 controls the primary switching circuit 611 to input the DC power provided by the PFC circuit 200 to the primary winding of the transformer T, and then to the secondary low-voltage switching circuit 612b through the second secondary winding of the transformer T
- the first end of the secondary side low-voltage switch circuit 612b is controlled to charge the low-voltage battery 810b with the direct current output from the PFC circuit 200.
- the charging of the high-voltage battery 810a and/or the low-voltage battery 810b of the electric vehicle is not limited, and can be determined according to the actual conditions of the high-voltage battery 810a and the low-voltage battery 810b.
- the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C reaches the preset voltage, and then the power converter is connected to the AC power, for example, the preset voltage is the peak voltage of the AC power. Since the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C has reached the peak voltage of the AC power, no large inrush current will be generated when the power converter is switched on the AC power, thereby avoiding damage to the internal components of the power converter.
- the power converter can be applied to a charger of an electric vehicle.
- the DC-DC circuit 200 of the power converter includes a primary side switch circuit 611, a transformer T, a secondary side high voltage switch circuit 612a, and a secondary side low voltage switch circuit 612b. .
- the DC bus capacitor C is pre-charged, the DC bus capacitor C is charged by the DC power provided by the low-voltage battery 810b of the electric vehicle, so as to avoid direct input of AC power to the DC bus capacitor C, resulting in a large inrush current, which is harmful to the power converter.
- the internal components are damaged. Since the voltage of the low-voltage battery 810b is low, there is no danger of high-voltage electric shock. Therefore, the low-voltage battery 810b can remain connected to the charger when it is not charging.
- the low-voltage battery 810b is directly used to precharge the DC bus capacitor C, which is convenient and quick.
- the charger in this embodiment is applied to an electric vehicle as an example, and the charger may be a vehicle-mounted charger.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a charger provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the charger 1000 can be applied to an electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle includes a storage battery.
- the charger 1000 includes a power factor correction PFC circuit 200, a DC bus capacitor C, a DC-DC circuit 610, and a charger controller 900.
- the first end of the PFC circuit 200 is used to connect to an AC charging interface
- the second end of the PFC circuit 200 is used to connect to the first end of the DC-DC circuit 610
- the DC bus capacitor C is connected in parallel to the second end of the PFC circuit 200.
- the DC-DC circuit 610 is used to convert the DC power output by the PFC circuit 200 under the control of the charger controller 900 to charge the battery 810, and is also used to charge the battery 810 under the control of the charger controller 900 After the electric energy is converted, the DC bus capacitor C is charged.
- the charger controller 900 is used to control the DC-DC circuit 610 to convert the electric energy provided by the battery 810 to charge the DC bus capacitor C before the AC power is connected to the first end of the PFC circuit 200.
- the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C reaches the preset value
- the first end of the PFC circuit 200 is controlled to be connected to AC power, so that the DC-DC circuit converts the DC power output by the PFC circuit 200 and then charges the battery 810.
- the power supply equipment is located on the ground, and the charger is located on the electric vehicle, and the power supply equipment on the ground is used to charge the storage battery through the charger.
- the power supply device After the charger is connected to the power supply interface, the power supply device will send charging start request information to the charger controller 900. After the charger controller 900 receives the charging start request information, it needs to precharge the DC bus capacitor C inside the charger. In this embodiment, the process of precharging the DC bus capacitor C inside the charger is introduced.
- the charger controller 900 controls the DC-DC circuit to convert the electric energy provided by the battery 810 of the electric vehicle to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the charger controller 900 sends feedback information on the charging start request information to the power supply device.
- the power supply device After the power supply device receives the feedback information on the charging start request information sent by the charger controller 900, it closes the switch between the power supply device and the power supply interface, so that the power supply device provides AC power to the charger through the power supply interface. Therefore, it is avoided that the AC power is directly connected to the DC bus capacitor C to generate a large inrush current and cause damage to the internal components of the charger.
- the charger includes a power factor correction PFC circuit 200, a DC bus capacitor C, a DC-DC circuit 610, and a charger controller 900.
- the charger controller 900 controls the DC-DC circuit 610 to charge the DC bus capacitor C provided by the storage battery 810 without additional pre-charging circuits, etc.
- the hardware equipment reduces the size of the charger and reduces the production cost of the charger.
- the charger uses the electric energy provided by the power supply device to charge the battery 810 of the electric vehicle.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another charger provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the charger provided in this embodiment corresponds to the case where the storage battery 810 includes a high-voltage battery 810a and a low-voltage battery 810b.
- the charger controller 700 is specifically configured to control the DC-DC circuit 610 to convert the electric energy provided by the high-voltage battery 810a or the low-voltage battery 810b to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the DC-DC circuit of the charger includes a primary side switch circuit 611, a transformer T, a secondary side high voltage switch circuit 612a, and a secondary side low voltage switch circuit 612b.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC circuit provided by an application embodiment.
- the secondary-side low-voltage switch circuit 612b may include capacitors Cr2 and C2 and switch tubes S5, S6, S7, and S8.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another DC-DC circuit provided in an application embodiment.
- the secondary-side low-voltage switch circuit 612b may include an inductor L1, capacitors C4 and C5, and switch tubes S9, S10, S11, S12, and S13. And S14.
- the first end of the primary switch circuit 611 is connected to the second end of the PFC circuit 200.
- the second end of the primary switch circuit 611 is connected to the primary winding of the transformer T.
- the first secondary winding of the transformer T is connected to the first terminal of the secondary high-voltage switch circuit 612a, and the second terminal of the secondary high-voltage switch circuit 612a is used to charge the high-voltage battery 810a.
- the second secondary winding of the transformer T is connected to the first terminal of the secondary low-voltage switch circuit 612b, and the second terminal of the secondary low-voltage switch circuit 612b is used to charge the low-voltage battery 810b.
- the controller T is specifically used to control the secondary low-voltage switch circuit 612 to provide the energy of the low-voltage battery 810a to the second secondary winding of the transformer T, so that the DC-DC circuit 610 converts the electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery 810a to the DC bus
- the capacitor C is charged.
- the voltage of the high-voltage battery 810a of the electric vehicle is relatively high, if the high-voltage battery 810a is always connected to the secondary side high-voltage switch circuit 612a, there will be a safety accident of high-voltage electric shock. Therefore, when the high-voltage battery 810a is not charged, try to disconnect the high-voltage battery 810a from the secondary side high-voltage switch circuit 612a.
- the low-voltage battery 810b of an electric vehicle is used as an example for precharging the DC bus capacitor C.
- the charger controller 900 controls the secondary low-voltage switch circuit 612b to input the DC power provided by the low-voltage battery 810b to the second secondary winding of the transformer T ,
- the primary winding of the transformer T is provided to the first end of the primary switching circuit 611, and the charger controller 900 controls the primary switching circuit 611 to charge the DC bus capacitor C.
- the charger controller 900 controls the primary side switch circuit 611 to input the DC power provided by the PFC circuit 200 to the primary winding of the transformer T, and input it through the second secondary winding of the transformer T To the first terminal of the secondary side low-voltage switch circuit 612b, the secondary side low-voltage switch circuit 612b is controlled to charge the low-voltage battery 810b with the direct current output from the PFC circuit 200.
- the charger controller 900 can also control the primary side switch circuit 611 and the secondary side high voltage switch circuit 612a to charge the high voltage battery 810a.
- the charging process can be to charge the high-voltage batteries 810a and 810b at the same time; it can also be the high-voltage battery 810a first, and then the low-voltage battery 810b; Charge the low-voltage battery 810b, and then charge the high-voltage battery 810a.
- the EMC circuit 100 may also be included, that is, the first end of the PFC circuit 200 is connected to the EMC circuit 100 to reduce electromagnetic interference and improve the charging quality.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a charging system, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a charging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the charging system includes: a charger 1000 and a power supply device 2000.
- the power supply device 2000 is configured to send charging start request information to the charger controller 900 before providing electric energy to the charger 1000.
- the charger controller 900 includes a DC bus capacitor C for energy storage and filtering, and the charger 1000 is used to send feedback information on the charging start request information to the power supply device 2000 when the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C reaches a preset voltage .
- the power supply device 2000 is also used to provide electrical energy to the charger 1000 after receiving the feedback information.
- the charger of the charging system may be any charger 1000 in the first embodiment of the charger or the second embodiment of the charger.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another charging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the electric vehicle 4000 uses a charger to charge the high-voltage battery and/or the low-voltage battery, including the following steps:
- Step 1 The power supply device sends charging start request information to the charger.
- the power supply device 2000 When the charger 1000 is plugged into the charging socket of the power supply interface 3000 through the charging plug, the power supply device 2000 detects that the charger 1000 is connected to the power supply interface 3000, and the power supply device 2000 will generate a connection confirmation signal (CC, Connection Confirm), and send the CC signal As the charging start request information, the power supply equipment 2000 sends the charging start request information to the charger 1000 through the communication between the power supply control device and the vehicle control device.
- CC Connection Confirm
- Step 2 The charger controller controls the DC-DC circuit to convert the electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery of the electric vehicle to charge the DC bus capacitor.
- the charger controller controls the DC-DC circuit to convert the electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery of the electric vehicle 4000 Charge the DC bus capacitor C after conversion.
- the DC bus capacitor C can be precharged through the charger controller, which reduces the size of the charger 1000 and reduces the production cost of the charger 1000.
- Step 3 The charger controller judges whether the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage; if yes, execute step 4; if not, execute step 2.
- the charger controller judges the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C. If the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C reaches the preset voltage, the charger 1000 generates a control pilot signal (CP, Control Pilot), and uses the CP signal as the start of charging The feedback information of the request information is sent to the power supply device 2000.
- CP control pilot signal
- the charger controller continues to control the DC-DC circuit to charge the DC bus capacitor C with energy provided by the low-voltage battery.
- Step 4 The charger controller sends feedback information on the charging start request information to the power supply device.
- the charger controller sends feedback information on the charging start request information to the power supply equipment 2000.
- Step 5 The power supply device receives the feedback information of the charging start request information, and controls the switch K1 and the switch K2 to close.
- the power supply device 2000 After the power supply device 2000 receives the feedback information, it indicates that the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C of the charger 1000 has reached the preset voltage, and then the switch K1 and the switch K2 are closed to start charging the charger. Therefore, it is avoided that the AC power is directly connected to the DC bus capacitor C to generate a large inrush current and cause damage to the internal components of the charger.
- the power supply device 2000 when the charger 1000 needs to be charged, the power supply device 2000 sends charging start request information to the charger controller; after the charger controller receives the charging start request information, the charger controller controls the DC-DC circuit The electric energy provided by the low-voltage battery is converted to charge the DC bus capacitor C; when the charger controller confirms that the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C reaches the preset voltage, it sends feedback information to the power supply device 2000; after the power supply device 2000 receives the feedback information, it controls The internal switch K1 and the switch K2 are closed, and the charger 1000 is provided with electric energy through the power supply interface 3000.
- the existing hardware of the charger 1000 is used to pre-charge the DC bus capacitor C through the control of the charger controller, without additional hardware equipment such as a pre-charging circuit, which reduces the size of the charger 1000 and reduces the size of the charger 1000. Cost of production.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a precharging method provided by an embodiment of the application.
- the pre-charging method is applied to a first device.
- the first device includes a power converter and a storage battery.
- the power converter includes a DC bus capacitor for energy storage and filtering.
- the method includes:
- Step 1401 Receive charging start request information sent by the power supply device.
- Step 1402 In response to the charge start request message, use the electric energy provided by the battery to charge the DC bus capacitor.
- Step 1403 When the voltage of the DC bus capacitor reaches the preset voltage, send feedback information on the charging start request information to the power supply device, so that the power supply device provides power to the charger through the power supply interface.
- the first device including the power converter and the storage battery is controlled by the above method, and there is no need to add new hardware inside the power converter.
- the existing internal power converter is used before the power converter is connected to AC power.
- the hardware device can complete the pre-charging of the DC bus capacitor. Therefore, there is no need to add additional hardware devices such as a pre-charging circuit, which reduces the volume of the power converter and reduces the production cost of the power converter.
- the feedback information of the charging start request information is sent to the power supply device, and the power supply device provides power to the power converter through the power supply interface, thereby avoiding and avoiding the direct connection of AC power to the DC bus A large rush current is generated on the capacitor, causing damage to the components in the PFC circuit.
- At least one (item) refers to one or more, and “multiple” refers to two or more.
- “And/or” is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A, only B, and both A and B , Where A and B can be singular or plural.
- the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an “or” relationship.
- the following at least one item (a) or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a).
- At least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c" ", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.
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Abstract
一种电源变换器、充电机(1000)、充电***及方法,该电源变换器包括:功率因数校正PFC电路(200)、直流母线电容(C)、功率变换电路(600)和控制器(700);PFC电路(200)的第一端用于连接交流电,PFC电路(200)的第二端用于连接功率变换电路(600)的第一端,直流母线电容(C)并联在PFC电路(200)的第二端;功率变换电路(600),用于在控制器(700)的控制下将设备(800)提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容(C)充电;控制器(700),用于在PFC电路(200)的第一端接通交流电之前控制功率变换电路(600)将设备(800)提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容(C)充电。该电源变换器无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了电源变换器的体积以及降低了电源变换器的生产成本。
Description
本申请要求于2020年04月07日提交中华人民共和国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010267080.2、发明名称为“一种电源变换器、充电机、充电***及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及电力电子技术领域,尤其涉及一种电源变换器、充电机、充电***及方法。
如图1所示,电源变换器如果输入是交流电,输出是直流电,则一般包括前级的电磁干扰滤波(EMC,Electro Magnetic Compatibility)电路100、功率因数校正(PFC,Power Factor Correction)电路200、直流母线电容C、直流-直流(DC-DC)电路300。如图2所示,电源变换器如果输入是交流电,输出是交流电,则与图1的区别是最后一级电路是直流-交流(DC-AC)电路400,而不是DC-DC电路300。
对于图1和图2,当电源变换器的输入端接入交流电时,交流电直接接入到直流母线电容C上,此时产生很大的冲击电流导致各个电路中器件的损坏,因此,为了防止冲击电流太大,需要控制直流母线电容的电压缓慢升高。当母线电容电压升高后,再进行正常电源变换的工作,进而保证各个电路中器件的安全性。
为了解决以上问题,现有技术中在PFC电路200之前增加预充电路500,参见图3,当电源变换器的输入端接入交流电时,控制继电器K断开,此时通过软起电阻R为直流母线电容C充电,当C上的电压充到一定值后,再闭合继电器K,才开始电源变换。
但是,该技术方案的缺点是需要在PFC电路200之前增加预充电路500,额外增加了电源变换器的体积以及成本。
发明内容
为了解决以上的技术存在,本申请提供一种电源变换器、充电机、充电***及方法,能够不增加电源变换器的体积和成本,便可以在交流电接通之前,给直流母线电容充电。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种电源变换器,包括:功率因数校正PFC电路、直流母线电容、功率变换电路和控制器;PFC电路的第一端用于连接交流电,PFC电路的第二端用于连接功率变换电路的第一端,直流母线电容并联在PFC电路的第二端;功率变换电路,用于在控制器的控制下将PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后输出给设备,还用于在控制器的控制下将设备提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电;控制器,用于在PFC电路的第一端接通交流电之前控制功率变换电路将设备提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电;还用于当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,控制PFC电路的第一端与交流电接通,以使功率变换电路将PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后输出给设备。
该电源变换器并没有增加新的硬件,该电源变换器包括PFC电路、直流母线电容、功率变换电路和控制器。在交流电与PFC电路接通之前,控制器控制功率变换电路将设备提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电,当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,控制PFC电路的第一端与交流电接通。从而避免将交流电直接接入到直流母线电容C上产生较大的 冲击电流,对PFC电路中的器件造成损坏。该电源变换器利用已有的硬件,通过控制器控制来实现给直流母线电容预充电,无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了电源变换器的体积以及降低了电源变换器的生产成本。
优选地,功率变换电路包括:直流-直流DC-DC电路;DC-DC电路的第一端用于连接PFC电路的第二端,DC-DC电路的第二端用于连接设备。
优选地,DC-DC电路包括原边开关电路、变压器和副边开关电路;设备包括蓄电池;原边开关电路的第一端用于连接PFC电路的第二端;原边开关电路的第二端用于连接变压器的原边绕组;变压器的副边绕组连接副边开关电路的第一端,副边开关电路的第二端用于连接蓄电池;控制器,具体用于控制功率变换电路将蓄电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电。
本实施例中,该电源变换器的功率变换电路包括原边开关电路、变压器和副边开关电路。在对直流母线电容就行预充电时,向直流母线电容提供直流电的设备可以是蓄电池。控制器控制副边开关电和原边开关电路,将蓄电池提供的直流电经变压器进行变换后,给直流母线电容充电。在直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压后,再将电源变换器与交流电接通,从而避免直接将交流电输入到直流母线电容上,产生较大的冲击电流,对电源变换器内部的器件造成损坏。进一步的,电源变换器接通交流电后,控制器控制原边开关电路和副边开关电路将PFC电路输出直流电经变换后,给蓄电池充电。
优选地,蓄电池包括高压电池和低压电池;控制器,具体用于控制功率变换电路将低压电池或高压电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电。
优选地,副边开关电路包括:副边高压开关电路和副边低压开关电路;变压器的副边绕组包括第一副边绕组和第二副边绕组;第一副边绕组连接副边高压开关电路的第一端,副边高压开关电路的第二端用于连接高压电池;第二副边绕组连接副边低压开关电路的第一端,副边低压开关电路的第二端用于连接低压电池;控制器,具体用于控制副边低压开关电路将低压电池的能量提供给变压器的第二副边绕组,以使功率变换电路将低压电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电。
电源变换器可以应用在电动汽车的充电机,该电源变换器的DC-DC电路包括原边开关电路、变压器、副边高压开关电路和副边低压开关电路。对直流母线电容预充电时,通过电动汽车的低压电池提供的直流电给直流母线电容充电,从而避免直接将交流电输入到直流母线电容上,产生较大的冲击电流,对电源变换器内部的器件造成损坏。由于低压电池的电压较低,不会存在高压触电危险,因此,低压电池可以在不充电时也保持与充电机连接。当需要给直流母线电容预充电时,直接利用低压电池给直流母线电容预充电,方便快捷。
优选地,预设电压为交流电的峰值电压。
对直流母线电容进行预充电时,直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压,再将电源变换器与交流电接通,例如预设电压为交流电的峰值电压。由于直流母线电容的电压已经达到了交流电的峰值电压,因此,在电源变换器接通交流电的瞬间,不会产生较大的冲击电流,从而避免电源变换器内部的器件损坏。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种充电机,应用于电动汽车,包括:功率因数校正PFC电路、直流母线电容、DC-DC电路和充电机控制器;PFC电路的第一端用于连接交流充电接口,PFC电路的第二端用于连接DC-DC电路的第一端,直流母线电容并联在PFC电路的第二端;DC-DC电路,用于在充电机控制器的控制下将PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后给电动汽车上的蓄电池充电,还用于在充电机控制器的控制下将蓄电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电;充电机控制器,用于在PFC电路的第一端接通交流电之前控制DC-DC电路将蓄电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电;还用于当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,控制PFC电路的第一端与交流电接通,以使DC-DC电路将PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后给蓄电池充电。
该充电机并没有增加新的硬件。该充电机包括功率因数校正PFC电路、直流母线电容、DC-DC电路和充电机控制器。将该充电机与供电接口接通之前,利用已有的硬件,充电机控制器控制DC-DC电路将蓄电池提供的直流电,给直流母线电容的充电,无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了充电机的体积以及降低了充电机的生产成本。
优选地,蓄电池包括低压电池;充电机控制器,具体用于控制DC-DC电路将低压电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电。
优选地,蓄电池还包括:高压电池;DC-DC电路包括原边开关电路、变压器、副边高压开关电路和副边低压开关电路;原边开关电路的第一端连接PFC电路的第二端;原边开关电路的第二端连接变压器的原边绕组;变压器的第一副边绕组连接副边高压开关电路的第一端,副边高压开关电路的第二端用于连接高压电池;变压器的第二副边绕组连接副边低压开关电路的第一端,副边低压开关电路的第二端用于连接低压电池;控制器,具体用于控制副边低压开关电路将低压电池的能量提供给变压器的第二副边绕组,以使DC-DC电路将低压电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电。
当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,充电机控制器控制原边开关电路将PFC电路提供的直流电输入到变压器的原边绕组,经变压器T的第二副边绕组输入给副边低压开关电路的第一端,控制副边低压开关电路将PFC电路输出的直流电给低压电池充电。充电器控制器也可以控制原边开关电路和副边高压开关电路给高压电池充电。
第三方面,本申请提供了一种充电***,包括充电机和供电设备;供电设备,用于在向充电机提供电能之前,向充电机发送充电启动请求信息;充电机包括用于储能和滤波的直流母线电容,充电机用于在直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息;供电设备,还用于在收到反馈信息后,向充电机提供电能。
优选地,充电机为本申请第二方面中任一项的充电机。
在充电机进行充电时,供电设备向充电机控制器发送充电启动请求信息;充电机控制器接收到充电启动请求信息后,充电机控制器控制DC-DC电路将低压电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电;在充电机控制器确认直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备发送反馈信息;供电设备接收到反馈信息后,控制内部的开关K1和开关K2闭合,通过供电接口给充电机提供电能。利用该充电***,电动汽车利用充电机为电动汽车充电时,无需在电动汽车的充电机内部增加新的硬件。利用充电机已有的硬件,通过充电机控 制器控制来实现给直流母线电容预充电,无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了充电机的体积以及降低了充电机的生产成本。
第四方面,本申请提供了一种预充电方法,方法应用于第一设备,第一设备包括电源变换器和蓄电池,电源变换器包括用于储能和滤波的直流母线电容,方法包括:接收供电设备发送的充电启动请求信息;响应于充电启动请求信息,利用蓄电池提供的电能给直流母线电容充电;当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息,以使供电设备通过供电接口给充电机提供电能。
通过上述方法控制包括电源变换器和蓄电池的第一设备,无需在电源变换器内部额外增加新的硬件,在电源变换器接通交流电之前,利用电源变换器内部已有的硬件设备即可完成对直流母线电容的预充电。从而无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了电源变换器的体积以及降低了电源变换器的生成成本。当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息,供电设备通过供电接口给电源变换器提供电能,从而避免了从而避免将交流电直接接入到直流母线电容上产生较大的冲击电流,对PFC电路中的器件造成损坏。
本申请至少具有以下优点:
该电源变换器并没有增加新的硬件,该电源变换器包括PFC电路、直流母线电容、功率变换电路和控制器。在交流电与PFC电路接通之前,控制器控制功率变换电路将设备提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电,当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,控制PFC电路的第一端与交流电接通。从而避免将交流电直接接入到直流母线电容C上产生较大的冲击电流,对PFC电路中的器件造成损坏。在本申请的技术方案中,利用已有的硬件,通过控制器控制来实现给直流母线电容预充电,无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了电源变换器的体积以及降低了电源变换器的生产成本。
图1为一种电源变换器的示意图;
图2为另一种电源变换器的示意图;
图3为又一种电源变换器的示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种电源变换器的示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种电源变换器的示意图;
图6为本申请实施例提供的再一种电源变换器的示意图;
图7为本申请实施例提供的又一种电源变换器的示意图;
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种充电机的示意图;
图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电机的示意图;
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种DC-DC电路的示意图;
图11为本申请实施例提供的另一种DC-DC电路的示意图;
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种充电***的示意图;
图13为本申请实施例提供的又一种充电***的示意图;
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种预充电方法的流程图。
电源变换器的作用是对输入端的电源进行变换,将变换后的电能提供给后端设备,但是电源变换器的输入端接通电源的瞬间会产生较大的冲击电流,进而损坏内部器件。而本申请实施例提供的技术方案是在电源变换器接通电源之前,利用后续设备给电源变换器内部的直流母线电容充电,提高直流母线电容的电压,再接通电源,进而避免直接接通电源产生冲击电流损坏内部器件。
本申请实施例不限定电源变换器的应用场景,例如可以为各个场景的服务器进行供电,或者网络设备中的基站等进行供电,或者以上各种场景中的备电电源进行供电,例如不间断电源(UPS,Uninterrupted Power Supply)。
另外,电源变换器也可以应用于电动汽车的车载充电机,为电动汽车上的电池进行充电。
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例提供的技术方案,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述。
电源变换器实施例一:
参见图4,该图为本申请实施例提供的一种电源变换器的示意图。
该电源变换器包括:功率因数校正PFC电路200、直流母线电容C、功率变换电路600和控制器700。
其中,PFC电路200的第一端用于连接交流电,PFC电路200的第二端用于连接功率变换电路600的第一端,直流母线电容C并联在PFC电路200的第二端。
PFC电路200实现的功能是将交流电整流为直流电,同时还可以对直流电进行变换,例如对直流电进行升压。
功率变换电路600,用于在控制器的控制下将PFC电路200输出的直流电进行变换后输出给设备800,还用于在控制器的控制下将设备提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容充电。
控制器700,用于在PFC电路的第一端接通交流电之前控制功率变换电路600将设备800提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电;还用于当直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,控制PFC电路200的第一端与交流电接通,以使功率变换电路将PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后输出给设备。
为了降低交流电源接入时,产生的较大电流冲击,预设电压可以根据PFC电路200第一端连接的交流电的电压来设置,一般设置为交流电源的电压峰值,也可以高于电压峰值。
在电源变换器的输入端接通交流电,正常工作时,电能是通过PFC电路200、功率变换电路600向设备800进行传送。但是本实施例中,介绍的是电源变换器的输入端还未接通交流电时,控制器700控制电能从设备800经过功率变换电路600向直流母线电容C充电。
本实施例提供的电源变换器并没有增加新的硬件。当需要给设备800提供电能时,并不直接将PFC电路200接通交流电,而是控制器700预先控制功率变换电路600将设备800提供的电能转换后为直流母线电容C充电。直流母线电容C的电压将会升高,当直流母线电容C的电压升高到预设电压时,该控制器700控制PFC电路200的第一端与交流电接通。 由于控制器700预先控制功率变换电路600将直流母线电容C的电压升到预设电压,从而避免将交流电直接接入到直流母线电容C上产生较大的冲击电流,对PFC电路200中的器件造成损坏。在本实施例的技术方案中,利用已有的硬件,控制器700通过控制功率变换电路600的电能传输方向来为直流母线电容C预充电,无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了电源变换器的体积以及降低了电源变换器的生产成本。
一种可能的实施方式中,当直流母线电容C的电压升高到预设电压后,控制器700控制PFC电路200第一端与交流电接通,该PFC电路200输出直流电,控制器700控制功率变换电路600将PFC电路200输出直流电进行变换后输出给设备800,以对设备800进行供电。
该功率变换电路600具有双向传递电能的特点,该功率变换电路600在控制器700的控制下,能够将电能从设备800侧传递给直流母线电容C侧,也能够将电能从直流母线电容C侧传递给设备800侧。
该功率变换电路600将电能从设备800侧传递给直流母线电容C侧的过程可以是:控制器700控制功率变换电路600将设备800提供的电能进行转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
该功率变换电路600在控制器700的控制下,将电能从设备800侧传递给直流母线电容C侧的过程中,该设备800提供的电能可以是直流电,也可以是交流电。
该功率变换电路600将电能从直流母线电容C侧传递给设备800侧的过程可以是:控制器700控制功率变换电路600将PFC电路200输出的电能进行变换后,输出直流电给设备800充电。
该功率变换电路600在控制器700的控制下,将电能从直流母线电容C侧传递给设备800侧的过程中,该功率变换电路600输出的电能可以是直流电,也可以是交流电。当功率变换电路600输出为交流电时,功率变换电路600除了包括直流-直流DC-DC电路以外,还包括逆变电路。
本申请实施例提供的电源变换器,在将电源变换器的输入端与交流电接通之前,控制器700控制功率变换电路600,可以将设备800提供的直流电经变换后给直流母线电容C充电,还可以将设备800提供的交流电经变换后给直流母线电容C充电。在直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压后,控制器700控制功率变换电路600,将PFC电路200输入的直流电经变换后输出直流电给设备800充电,还可以将PFC电路200输入的直流电经变换后输出交流电给设备800充电。进一步提高了该电源变换器的适应范围。
电源变换器实施例二:
为了便于理解,下面对本实施例中的电源变换器的应用场景简要说明,该电源变换器能够输出直流电,为需要直流电的设备供电。
参见图5,该图为本申请实施例提供的另一种电源变换器的示意图。
该电源变换器的功率变换电路600包括直流-直流DC-DC电路610。
控制器700能够控制DC-DC电路610将设备800提供的直流电转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
当直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,控制器700控制PFC电路200的第一端与 交流电接通。从而避免将交流电直接接入直流母线电容C上,产生较大的冲击电流,对PFC电路200中的器件造成损坏。
参见图6,该图为本申请实施例提供的再一种电源变换器的示意图。
该电源变换器的DC-DC电路610包括:原边开关电路611、变压器T和副边开关电路612。
其中,设备800包括:蓄电池810。
原边开关电路611的第一端连接PFC电路200的第二端。
原边开关电路611的第二端连接变压器T的原边绕组。
变压器T的副边绕组连接副边开关电路612的第一端,副边开关电路612的第二端用于为蓄电池810进行充电。
控制器700,用于控制功率变换电路600将蓄电池810提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
该电源变换器的控制器700能够控制原边开关电路611和副边开关电路612将蓄电池810提供的直流电,经变压器T进行转换后,给直流母线电容C充电。
一种可能的实施方式中,当对直流母线电容C进行预充电时,控制器700控制副边开关电路612将蓄电池810提供的直流电输入到变压器T的副边绕组,副边绕组和原边绕组经过磁场耦合将电能提供为T的原边绕组,T的原边绕组提供给原边开关电路611的第一端,通过原边开关电路611给直流母线电容C充电。
直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压后,控制器700控制PFC电路200的第一端与交流电接通。控制器700控制原边开关电路611和副边开关电路612对蓄电池810进行充电。
本实施例中,该电源变换器的功率变换电路600包括原边开关电路611、变压器T和副边开关电路612。在对直流母线电容C就行预充电时,向直流母线电容C提供直流电的设备800可以是蓄电池810。控制器700控制副边开关电611和原边开关电路612,将蓄电池810提供的直流电经变压器T进行变换后,给直流母线电容C充电。在直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压后,再将电源变换器与交流电接通,从而避免直接将交流电输入到直流母线电容C上,产生较大的冲击电流,对电源变换器内部的器件造成损坏。进一步的,电源变换器接通交流电后,控制器700控制原边开关电路611和副边开关电路612将PFC电路200输出直流电经变换后,给蓄电池充电。
电源变换器实施例三:
为了便于理解,下面对本实施例中的电源变换器应用在电动汽车的充电机的场景为例简要说明。该电源变换器可以位于充电机内部。
参见图7,该图为本申请实施例提供的又一种电源变换器的示意图。
本实施例中,当应用于电动汽车时,电动汽车的蓄电池810可以包括高压电池810a和低压电池810b。
高压电池810a用于为电动汽车的电机提供电能;低压电池810b用于为电动汽车的控制***和辅助设备提供电能。
该电源变换器的控制器700控制功率变换电路600将高压电池810a或低压电池810b 提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
该电源变换器的DC-DC电路610包括原边开关电路611、变压器T、副边高压开关电路612a和副边低压开关电路612b。
原边开关电路611的第一端连接PFC电路200的第二端。
原边开关电路611的第二端连接变压器T的原边绕组。
变压器T的副边绕组包括第一副边绕组和第二副边绕组。
第一副边绕组连接副边高压开关电路612a的第一端,副边高压开关电路612a的第二端用于为高压电池810a进行充电。
第二副边绕组连接副边低压开关电路612b的第一端,副边低压开关电路612b的第二端用于为低压电池810b进行充电。
该电源变换器的控制器700控制原边开关电路611和副边高压开关电路612a,将高压电池810a提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C;或,该电源变换器的控制器700控制原边开关电路611和副边低压开关电路612b,将低压电池810b提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C。
电动汽车的蓄电池810包括高压电池810a和低压电池810b;其中,高压电池810a提供的电压较高,能够给整车提供行驶的动力;低压电池810b提供的电压较低,能够给整车的控制***和辅助设备提供电能。低压电池810b与高压电池810a相比,低压电池810b提供的电压较低,安全性较高。低压电池810b可以一直与副边低压开关电路612b连接。若高压电池810a一直与副边高压开关电路612a连接,则会存在引起安全事故的风险。因此,高压电池810a不充电时,可以断开高压电池810a与副边高压开关电路612a的连接。
下面以利用电动汽车的低压电池810b为直流母线电容C进行预充电为例,介绍本申请实施例的技术方案。
一种可能的实施方式中,该电源变换器可以应用于电动汽车的充电机,充电机与交流电接通之前,对充电机内部的电源变换器的直流母线电容C进行预充电。控制器700控制副边低压开关电路612b将低压电池810b提供的直流电输入到变压器T的第二副边绕组,经变压器T的原边绕组提供给原边开关电路611的第一端,控制器700控制原边开关电路611将给直流母线电容C充电。
直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压后,控制器700控制PFC电路200的第一端与交流电接通。
PFC电路200接通交流电后,控制器700控制原边开关电路611将PFC电路200提供的直流电输入到变压器T的原边绕组,经变压器T的第一副边绕组提供给副边高压开关电路612a的第一端,控制副边高压开关电路612a将PFC电路200输出的直流电给高压电池810a充电。
PFC电路200接通交流电后,控制器700控制原边开关电路611将PFC电路200提供的直流电输入到变压器T的原边绕组,经变压器T的第二副边绕组输入给副边低压开关电路612b的第一端,控制副边低压开关电路612b将PFC电路200输出的直流电给低压电池810b充电。
本实施例中,对电动汽车的高压电池810a和/或低压电池810b进行充电不做限定,可以根据高压电池810a和低压电池810b的实际情况决定。
另外,对直流母线电容C进行预充电时,直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压,再将电源变换器与交流电接通,例如预设电压为交流电的峰值电压。由于直流母线电容C的电压已经达到了交流电的峰值电压,因此,在电源变换器接通交流电的瞬间,不会产生较大的冲击电流,从而避免电源变换器内部的器件损坏。
本实施例中,电源变换器可以应用在电动汽车的充电机,该电源变换器的DC-DC电路200包括原边开关电路611、变压器T、副边高压开关电路612a和副边低压开关电路612b。对直流母线电容C预充电时,通过电动汽车的低压电池810b提供的直流电给直流母线电容C充电,从而避免直接将交流电输入到直流母线电容C上,产生较大的冲击电流,对电源变换器内部的器件造成损坏。由于低压电池810b的电压较低,不会存在高压触电危险,因此,低压电池810b可以在不充电时也保持与充电机连接。当需要给直流母线电容C预充电时,直接利用低压电池810b给直流母线电容C预充电,方便快捷。
充电机实施例一:
为了便于理解,下面对本实施例中的充电机应用在电动汽车的场景为例进行说明,该充电机可以为车载充电机。
参见图8,该图为本申请实施例提供的一种充电机的示意图。
该充电机1000可以应用在电动汽车上,电动汽车包括蓄电池。
该充电机1000包括:功率因数校正PFC电路200、直流母线电容C、DC-DC电路610和充电机控制器900。
PFC电路200的第一端用于连接交流充电接口,PFC电路200的第二端用于连接DC-DC电路610的第一端,直流母线电容C并联在PFC电路200的第二端。
DC-DC电路610,用于在充电机控制器900的控制下将PFC电路200输出的直流电进行变换后给蓄电池810进行充电,还用于在充电机控制器900的控制下将蓄电池810提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
充电机控制器900,用于在PFC电路200的第一端接通交流电之前控制DC-DC电路610将蓄电池810提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电,当直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,控制PFC电路200的第一端与交流电接通,以使DC-DC电路将PFC电路200输出的直流电进行变换后给蓄电池810充电。供电设备位于地面,充电机位于电动汽车上,利用地面的供电设备通过充电机给蓄电池进行充电。
充电机与供电接口连接后,供电设备会向充电机控制器900发送充电启动请求信息。充电机控制器900接收到充电启动请求信息后,需要对充电机内部的直流母线电容C进行预充电。本实施例中,介绍对充电机内部的直流母线电容C进行预充电的过程。充电机控制器900控制DC-DC电路将电动汽车的蓄电池810提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
当直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,充电机控制器900向供电设备发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息。
在供电设备接收到充电机控制器900发送的对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息后,闭合供电设备与供电接口之间的开关,使供电设备通过供电接口将交流电提供给充电机。从而避免将交流电直接接入到直流母线电容C上产生较大的冲击电流,对充电机内部的器件造成损坏。
本实施例中,该充电机并没有增加新的硬件。该充电机包括功率因数校正PFC电路200、直流母线电容C、DC-DC电路610和充电机控制器900。将该充电机与供电接口接通之前,利用已有的硬件,充电机控制器900控制DC-DC电路610将蓄电池810提供的直流电,给直流母线电容C的充电,无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了充电机的体积以及降低了充电机的生产成本。
供电设备通过供电接口将交流电与充电机接通后,充电机利用供电设备提供的电能给电动汽车的蓄电池810充电。
充电机实施例二:
参见图9,该图为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电机的示意图。
本实施例提供的充电机对应蓄电池810包括高压电池810a和低压电池810b的情况。
充电机控制器700,具体用于控制DC-DC电路610将高压电池810a或低压电池810b提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
充电机的DC-DC电路包括原边开关电路611、变压器T、副边高压开关电路612a和副边低压开关电路612b。
参见图10,该图为申请实施例提供的一种DC-DC电路的示意图。
该图提供了一种DC-DC电路中的副边低压开关电路的实现方式,该副边低压开关电路612b可以包括电容Cr2和C2以及开关管S5、S6、S7和S8。
参见图11,该图为申请实施例提供的另一种DC-DC电路的示意图。
该图提供了另一种DC-DC电路中的副边低压开关电路的实现方式,该副边低压开关电路612b可以包括电感L1、电容C4和C5以及开关管S9、S10、S11、S12、S13和S14。
原边开关电路611的第一端连接PFC电路200的第二端。
原边开关电路611的第二端连接变压器T的原边绕组。
变压器T的第一副边绕组连接副边高压开关电路612a的第一端,副边高压开关电路612a的第二端用于为高压电池810a进行充电。
变压器T的第二副边绕组连接副边低压开关电路612b的第一端,副边低压开关电路612b的第二端用于为低压电池810b进行充电。
控制器T,具体用于控制副边低压开关电路612将低压电池810a的能量提供给变压器T的第二副边绕组,以使DC-DC电路610将低压电池810a提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电。
由于电动汽车的高压电池810a的电压较高,若高压电池810a一直与副边高压开关电路612a连接,则会存在高压触电的安全事故。因此,高压电池810a不充电时,尽量断开高压电池810a与副边高压开关电路612a的连接。
本申请实施例中,利用电动汽车的低压电池810b为直流母线电容C进行预充电为例进 行说明。
一种可能的实施方式,充电机接收到供电设备发送的充电启动请求信息后,充电机控制器900控制副边低压开关电路612b将低压电池810b提供的直流电输入到变压器T的第二副边绕组,经变压器T的原边绕组提供给原边开关电路611的第一端,充电机控制器900控制原边开关电路611将给直流母线电容C充电。
当直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,充电机控制器900控制原边开关电路611将PFC电路200提供的直流电输入到变压器T的原边绕组,经变压器T的第二副边绕组输入给副边低压开关电路612b的第一端,控制副边低压开关电路612b将PFC电路200输出的直流电给低压电池810b充电。
充电器控制器900也可以控制原边开关电路611和副边高压开关电路612a给高压电池810a充电。
对电动汽车的高压电池810a和低压电池810b进行充电时,充电的过程可以是同时给高压电池810a和810b充电;也可以是先给高压电池810a充电,再给低压电池810b充电;还可以是先给低压电池810b充电,再给高压电池810a充电。
此外,利用充电机为电动汽车的高压电池810a和/或低压电池810b进行充电过程中,会产生一定的电磁干扰,降低充电质量。因此,以上所有实施例中,还可以包括EMC电路100,即PFC电路200的第一端连接EMC电路100,降低电磁干扰,提高充电质量。
充电***实施例:
基于以上实施例提供的充电机,本申请实施例还提供一种充电***,下面结合附图进行详细介绍。
参见图12,该图为本申请实施例提供的一种充电***的示意图。
该充电***包括:充电机1000、和供电设备2000。
供电设备2000,用于在向充电机1000提供电能之前,向充电机控制器900发送充电启动请求信息。
充电机控制器900,包括用于储能和滤波的直流母线电容C,充电机1000用于在直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备2000发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息。
供电设备2000,还用于在收到反馈信息后,向充电机1000提供电能。
该充电***的充电机可以为充电机实施例一或充电机实施例二中的任一种充电机1000。
参见图13,该图为本申请实施例提供的又一种充电***的示意图。
下面结合图12的硬件图以及图13的流程图介绍工作过程。
电动汽车4000利用充电机为高压电池和/或低压电池进行充电,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:供电设备向充电机发送充电启动请求信息。
在充电机1000通过充电插头***到供电接口3000的充电插座时,供电设备2000检测到充电机1000与供电接口3000连接,供电设备2000会产生连接确认信号(CC,Connection Confirm),并将CC信号作为充电启动请求信息,通过供电控制装置与车辆控制装置之间的通信,供电设备2000将充电启动请求信息发送给充电机1000。
步骤2:充电机控制器控制DC-DC电路,将电动汽车的低压电池提供的电能转换后给 直流母线电容充电。
通过供电控制装置与车辆控制装置之间的通信,在充电机1000接收到供电设备2000发送的充电启动请求信息后,充电机控制器控制DC-DC电路,将电动汽车4000的低压电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电。在该充电机1000的内部无需增加新的硬件电路,通过充电机控制器,来实现给直流母线电容C预充电,减小了充电机1000的体积以及降低了充电机1000的生产成本。
步骤3:充电机控制器判断直流母线电容的电压是否达到预设电压;若是,则执行步骤4;若否,则执行步骤2。
充电机控制器对直流母线电容C的电压进行判断,若直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,则充电机1000产生控制引导信号(CP,Control Pilot),并将CP信号作为对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息,发送给供电设备2000。
若直流母线电容C的电压没有达到预设电压时,则充电机控制器继续控制DC-DC电路,将低压电池提供的能量,给直流母线电容C充电。
步骤4:充电机控制器向供电设备发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息。
通过车辆控制装置与供电控制装置之间通信,充电机控制器将对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息发送给供电设备2000。
步骤5:供电设备接收对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息,控制开关K1和开关K2闭合。
在供电设备2000接收到反馈信息后,则表明充电机1000的直流母线电容C的电压已经达到预设电压,再闭合开关K1和开关K2,开始为充电机进行充电。从而避免将交流电直接接入到直流母线电容C上产生较大的冲击电流,对充电机内部的器件造成损坏。
在本实施例中,在充电机1000需要充电时,供电设备2000向充电机控制器发送充电启动请求信息;充电机控制器接收到充电启动请求信息后,充电机控制器控制DC-DC电路将低压电池提供的电能转换后给直流母线电容C充电;在充电机控制器确认直流母线电容C的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备2000发送反馈信息;供电设备2000接收到反馈信息后,控制内部的开关K1和开关K2闭合,通过供电接口3000给充电机1000提供电能。利用该充电***,电动汽车4000利用充电机1000为电动汽车4000充电时,无需在电动汽车4000的充电机1000内部增加新的硬件。利用充电机1000已有的硬件,通过充电机控制器控制来实现给直流母线电容C预充电,无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了充电机1000的体积以及降低了充电机1000的生产成本。
方法实施例:
参见图14,该图为本申请实施例提供的一种预充电方法的流程图。
该预充电方法应用于第一设备,第一设备包括电源变换器和蓄电池,电源变换器包括用于储能和滤波的直流母线电容,该方法包括:
步骤1401:接收供电设备发送的充电启动请求信息。
步骤1402:响应于充电启动请求信息,利用蓄电池提供的电能给直流母线电容充电。
步骤1403:当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息,以使供电设备通过供电接口给充电机提供电能。
在本实施例中,通过上述方法控制包括电源变换器和蓄电池的第一设备,无需在电源变换器内部额外增加新的硬件,在电源变换器接通交流电之前,利用电源变换器内部已有的硬件设备即可完成对直流母线电容的预充电。从而无需额外增加预充电路等硬件设备,减小了电源变换器的体积以及降低了电源变换器的生成成本。当直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向供电设备发送对充电启动请求信息的反馈信息,供电设备通过供电接口给电源变换器提供电能,从而避免了从而避免将交流电直接接入到直流母线电容上产生较大的冲击电流,对PFC电路中的器件造成损坏。
应当理解,在本申请中,“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个,“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”,用于描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,“A和/或B”可以表示:只存在A,只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况,其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达,是指这些项中的任意组合,包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如,a,b或c中的至少一项(个),可以表示:a,b,c,“a和b”,“a和c”,“b和c”,或“a和b和c”,其中a,b,c可以是单个,也可以是多个。
以上,仅是本申请的较佳实施例而已,并非对本申请作任何形式上的限制。虽然本申请已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本申请。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本申请技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本申请技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本申请技术方案的内容,依据本申请的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均仍属于本申请技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims (12)
- 一种电源变换器,其特征在于,包括:功率因数校正PFC电路、直流母线电容、功率变换电路和控制器;所述PFC电路的第一端用于连接交流电,所述PFC电路的第二端用于连接所述功率变换电路的第一端,所述直流母线电容并联在所述PFC电路的第二端;所述功率变换电路,用于在所述控制器的控制下将所述PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后输出给设备,还用于在所述控制器的控制下将所述设备提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电;所述控制器,用于在所述PFC电路的第一端接通交流电之前控制所述功率变换电路将所述设备提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电;还用于当所述直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,控制所述PFC电路的第一端与所述交流电接通,以使所述功率变换电路将所述PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后输出给所述设备。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电源变换器,其特征在于,所述功率变换电路包括:直流-直流DC-DC电路;所述DC-DC电路的第一端用于连接所述PFC电路的第二端,所述DC-DC电路的第二端用于连接所述设备。
- 根据权利要求2所述的电源变换器,其特征在于,所述DC-DC电路包括原边开关电路、变压器和副边开关电路;所述设备包括蓄电池;所述原边开关电路的第一端用于连接所述PFC电路的第二端;所述原边开关电路的第二端用于连接所述变压器的原边绕组;所述变压器的副边绕组连接所述副边开关电路的第一端,所述副边开关电路的第二端用于连接所述蓄电池;所述控制器,具体用于控制所述功率变换电路将所述蓄电池提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电。
- 根据权利要求3所述的电源变换器,其特征在于,所述蓄电池包括高压电池和低压电池;所述控制器,具体用于控制所述功率变换电路将所述低压电池或所述高压电池提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电。
- 根据权利要求4所述的电源变换器,其特征在于,所述副边开关电路包括:副边高压开关电路和副边低压开关电路;所述变压器的副边绕组包括第一副边绕组和第二副边绕组;所述第一副边绕组连接所述副边高压开关电路的第一端,所述副边高压开关电路的第二端用于连接所述高压电池;所述第二副边绕组连接所述副边低压开关电路的第一端,所述副边低压开关电路的第二端用于连接所述低压电池;所述控制器,具体用于控制所述副边低压开关电路将所述低压电池的能量提供给所述 变压器的第二副边绕组,以使所述功率变换电路将所述低压电池提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电。
- 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电源变换器,其特征在于,所述预设电压为所述交流电的峰值电压。
- 一种充电机,其特征在于,应用于电动汽车,包括:功率因数校正PFC电路、直流母线电容、DC-DC电路和充电机控制器;所述PFC电路的第一端用于连接交流充电接口,所述PFC电路的第二端用于连接所述DC-DC电路的第一端,所述直流母线电容并联在所述PFC电路的第二端;所述DC-DC电路,用于在所述充电机控制器的控制下将所述PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后给所述电动汽车上的蓄电池充电,还用于在所述充电机控制器的控制下将所述蓄电池提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电;所述充电机控制器,用于在所述PFC电路的第一端接通交流电之前控制所述DC-DC电路将所述蓄电池提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电;还用于当所述直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,控制所述PFC电路的第一端与所述交流电接通,以使所述DC-DC电路将所述PFC电路输出的直流电进行变换后给所述蓄电池充电。
- 根据权利要求7所述的充电机,其特征在于,所述蓄电池包括低压电池;所述充电机控制器,具体用于控制所述DC-DC电路将所述低压电池提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电。
- 根据权利要求8所述的充电机,其特征在于,所述蓄电池还包括:高压电池;所述DC-DC电路包括原边开关电路、变压器、副边高压开关电路和副边低压开关电路;所述原边开关电路的第一端连接所述PFC电路的第二端;所述原边开关电路的第二端连接所述变压器的原边绕组;所述变压器的第一副边绕组连接所述副边高压开关电路的第一端,所述副边高压开关电路的第二端用于连接所述高压电池;所述变压器的第二副边绕组连接所述副边低压开关电路的第一端,所述副边低压开关电路的第二端用于连接所述低压电池;所述控制器,具体用于控制所述副边低压开关电路将所述低压电池的能量提供给所述变压器的第二副边绕组,以使所述DC-DC电路将所述低压电池提供的电能转换后给所述直流母线电容充电。
- 一种充电***,其特征在于,包括:充电机和供电设备;所述供电设备,用于在向所述充电机提供电能之前,向所述充电机发送充电启动请求信息;所述充电机包括用于储能和滤波的直流母线电容,所述充电机用于在所述直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向所述供电设备发送对所述充电启动请求信息的反馈信息;所述供电设备,还用于在收到所述反馈信息后,向所述充电机提供电能。
- 根据权利要求10所述的充电***,其特征在于,所述充电机为权利要求7-9任一项所述的充电机。
- 一种预充电方法,其特征在于,所述方法应用于第一设备,所述第一设备包括电源变换器和蓄电池,所述电源变换器包括用于储能和滤波的直流母线电容,所述方法包括:接收供电设备发送的充电启动请求信息;响应于所述充电启动请求信息,利用所述蓄电池提供的电能给所述直流母线电容充电;当所述直流母线电容的电压达到预设电压时,向所述供电设备发送对所述充电启动请求信息的反馈信息,以使所述供电设备通过所述供电接口给所述充电机提供电能。
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