WO2021203707A1 - 一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置与方法 - Google Patents

一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置与方法 Download PDF

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WO2021203707A1
WO2021203707A1 PCT/CN2020/129277 CN2020129277W WO2021203707A1 WO 2021203707 A1 WO2021203707 A1 WO 2021203707A1 CN 2020129277 W CN2020129277 W CN 2020129277W WO 2021203707 A1 WO2021203707 A1 WO 2021203707A1
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laser interferometer
cgh
mirror
laser
spot
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PCT/CN2020/129277
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陶小平
张学军
胡海翔
程强
薛栋林
邓伟杰
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中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所
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Publication of WO2021203707A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021203707A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/2441—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using interferometry

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  • the invention belongs to the field of automatic detection of the surface shape of optical elements, and particularly relates to an automatic detection device and method for laser interference surface shape detection.
  • the detection process often requires the participation of experienced professionals, and the degree of automation is very low.
  • Classical high-precision optical element surface shape detection technology such as contour scanning method, Shaker-Hartman detection method, phase deflection method, laser interference detection method, etc.
  • the scanning method can realize automatic detection within the range of scanning equipment.
  • the point-by-point detection of this method requires a long time, and the sampling density is limited, which cannot reflect the middle and high frequency errors of the mirror.
  • the detection accuracy is also limited by factors such as the performance of the scanning mechanism and environmental stability.
  • the laser interferometric surface profile detection method is the current standard method for high-precision optical detection.
  • the plane/spherical interferometer developed by Zygo has become the benchmark in the optical detection industry, and its detection accuracy can be better than 3nm.
  • various aspheric surfaces and free-form surfaces need to be equipped with corresponding optical compensation components for testing, such as Offner compensator, Dall compensator, and CGH (Computer Generated Hologram).
  • optical compensation components greatly increases the complexity of the adjustment of the positions and poses of the components in the laser interference optical path, and poses a challenge to automatic detection, which generally requires professional optical engineers to participate in the adjustment.
  • the present invention provides an automatic detection device and method for laser interference surface shape detection, which are used to realize fully automated laser interference detection.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
  • the method for automatic detection of laser interference surface shape detection includes the following steps: (1) The laser interferometer is fixedly connected to the binocular camera, the diffraction spot receiving camera is fixedly connected to the CGH, and the projection cross-hair detector is connected to the binocular camera.
  • the mirror under test is fixed; (2) A spot receiving screen with a central light hole is placed near the focal point of the standard lens of the laser interferometer, which can exit the detection light path along the plane of the vertical laser interferometer optical axis; (3) Adjust the CGH Four-dimensional positioning; (4) Adjust the six-dimensional position of the CGH and the laser interferometer; (5) Perform four-dimensional coarse positioning adjustment on the tested lens; (6) Perform four-dimensional fine posture adjustment on the tested lens; (7) Adjust the light spot Move it to the central light hole of the receiving screen; (8) complete the six-dimensional posture adjustment of the measured mirror and the laser interferometer; (9) analyze the interference fringes of the laser interferometer at this time, and output the measured mirror surface shape.
  • the optical axis of the laser interferometer and the binocular camera are approximately parallel, and the posture calibration is performed by a standard plane with a cross-hair mark; the field of view of the diffraction spot receiving camera can cover the light passing through the center of the band The light spot of the hole receives the entire frame of the screen; use position measuring equipment such as a three-coordinate instrument to calibrate the relative position of the projection cross-wire detector and the mirror under test.
  • adjusting the four-dimensional positioning of the CGH in the step (3) includes the following steps: placing the CGH compensator in front of the focal point of the standard mirror of the laser interferometer, that is, in the direction away from the laser interferometer; Screen; Use the binocular camera to collect the cross-hair marks on the CGH and calculate the position of the CGH relative to the laser interferometer; adjust the CGH position in X/Y translation, X/Y plane rotation and Z distance.
  • the six-dimensional posture adjustment of the CGH and the laser interferometer includes the following steps: moving the spot receiving screen with a central light hole back to the focal point of the standard mirror of the laser interferometer, and A series of diffraction spots reflected by the CGH alignment zone 12 appear; the diffraction spot receiving camera collects the spot image and calculates and analyzes to find the diffraction spot of the preset order. Adjust the CGH pitch and twist to move the spot to the center of the receiving screen. At the hole; the reflected wavefront of the CGH alignment zone 12 will enter the laser interferometer 1, and the CGH pitch and twist will be adjusted slightly to make the interference fringes the most sparse.
  • the four-dimensional coarse positioning adjustment of the measured lens includes the following steps: placing the measured lens according to the design value of the vertex curvature radius of the measured lens; removing the spot receiving screen with the central light hole; using The binocular camera collects the projected cross-hair marks located near the tested mirror, and calculates the position of the tested mirror relative to the laser interferometer, including X/Y translation, X/Y rotation in the X/Y plane, and Z distance.
  • the fine adjustment of the four-dimensional posture of the tested lens in the step (6) includes the following steps: judging the deviation of the tested lens from the ideal position according to the three sets of projection crosshairs: if all three sets of crosshairs are far away from the mirror body , And the cross wire is slightly larger than the design reference pattern, the tested lens needs to move along the Z-axis laser interferometer; if the three sets of cross wires are all close to the lens body, and the cross wire is slightly smaller than the design reference pattern, the measured The mirror needs to move away from the laser interferometer along the Z axis; the relative position of the three sets of cross wires is close to the design value, but there is a relative rotation or translation relationship with the tested mirror, then adjust the X and Y directions of the tested mirror Rotate and translate to the preset position.
  • step (7) adjusting the light spot to move to the central light-passing hole of the receiving screen includes the following steps: moving the light spot receiving screen with the central light-passing hole back to the focal point of the standard mirror of the laser interferometer.
  • the diffraction spot receiving camera collects the spot image and calculates and analyzes the diffraction spot of the preset order, and adjusts the pitch and twist of the measured mirror .
  • the judgment standard for completing the six-dimensional posture adjustment of the measured mirror and the laser interferometer is: the reflected wavefront of the measured mirror enters the laser interferometer, and the pitch and torsion of the measured mirror are slightly adjusted to cause interference
  • the stripes are the sparsest.
  • the present invention also provides an automatic detection device for laser interference surface shape detection, including: a laser interferometer, a binocular camera, a diffraction spot receiving camera, a CGH, a spot receiving screen with a central light hole, a mirror under test, and a projection Crosshair detector 2, in which the laser interferometer is fixedly connected to the binocular camera, the diffraction spot receiving camera is fixedly connected to the CGH, and the tested mirror is fixedly connected to the projection crosshair detector; the CGH is placed in front of the focal point of the standard lens of the laser interferometer The upper part is away from the direction of the laser interferometer; the spot receiving screen with a central light hole can be removed and replaced at the focus of the standard lens of the laser interferometer.
  • the binocular camera whose optical axis is approximately parallel to the optical axis of the laser interferometer, is used to complete the interferometer standard mirror and CGH reference plane, X/Y translation with the tested mirror, X/Y plane rotation, Z Coarse positioning of the distance in the direction;
  • the projection crosshair detector is located near the measured mirror, used to complete the X/Y translation, rotation in the X/Y plane, and precise positioning of the Z distance;
  • the diffraction spot receiving camera is located near the CHG It can collect the diffracted spot image on the receiving screen with the central light hole, which is used to complete the adjustment of the X/Y plane pitch and torsion of the tested lens until the spot returns to the field of view of the interferometer; the posture analyzed according to the interference fringe Fine adjustment, complete fine adjustment of the posture of the tested mirror until the interference pattern is close to zero fringe.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-level automatic adjustment method of laser interference surface shape detection optical path based on binocular camera, projection cross-hair centroid detector, multi-level diffraction spot recognition positioning sensor, interference fringe aberration decoupling, and realizes automatic adjustment method from mm-level machinery Positioning to sub- ⁇ m-level optical positioning, so as to complete the automatic detection of nm-level optical element surface shape.
  • this method helps to reduce the manual participation in the surface shape inspection process of optical components in the laboratory/factory, improve the inspection efficiency, and improve the quality control ability of the production line; on the other hand, it is expected to be applied to unmanned operations such as space stations, the moon, and Mars. Scientific exploration of optical manufacturing/maintenance in the working environment reduces the need for astronauts’ professional background in optics and improves the technical feasibility of on-orbit applications.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the automatic pose adjustment sensor for the optical element surface shape detection optical path
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the CGH pose adjustment reference mark
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shape and position distribution of the multi-order diffraction spot
  • Figure 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the positioning reference projection of the tested lens
  • Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the mismatch of the positioning reference projection of the tested lens
  • the automatic detection method of laser interferometric surface shape includes the following steps: (1) the laser interferometer is fixedly connected with the binocular camera, the diffraction spot receiving camera is fixedly connected with the CGH, and the projection cross-hair detector is fixedly connected with the tested lens; (2) in A spot receiving screen with a central light hole is placed near the focal point of the standard mirror of the laser interferometer, which can exit the detection optical path along the plane of the vertical laser interferometer optical axis; (3) adjust the four-dimensional positioning of the CGH; (4) adjust the CGH and laser The six-dimensional posture of the interferometer; (5) Four-dimensional coarse positioning adjustment of the tested lens; (6) Four-dimensional fine posture adjustment of the tested lens; (7) Adjust the light spot to move to the center of the receiving screen to pass light At the hole; (8) Complete the six-dimensional posture adjustment of the measured mirror and the laser interferometer; (9) Analyze the interference fringes of the laser interferometer at this time, and output the surface shape of the measured mirror.
  • the laser interferometer 4 and the binocular camera 1 are fixedly connected, the optical axes of the two are approximately parallel, and the standard plane with cross-hair marks is used to calibrate the poses of both;
  • the diffraction spot receiving camera 3 is fixedly connected to the CGH, and the camera's field of view can cover the entire frame of the spot receiving screen with a central light hole;
  • the projection cross wire detector 2 is fixedly connected to the tested mirror, and the relative position of the two is calibrated by using position measuring equipment such as a three-coordinate instrument;
  • the projection cross-hair indicator has entered the projection cross-hair detector 2 fixedly connected to the tested mirror.
  • Fig. 4 three groups (the shape of the visible mirror body changes, the projection cross-hair shape, Number and position)
  • the projection crosshairs can reflect the deviation of the tested lens from the ideal position: if the three sets of crosshairs are far away from the lens body and the crosshairs are slightly larger than the design reference pattern, the tested lens needs to be along the Z axis
  • the laser interferometer moves; if the three sets of cross-hairs are all close to the mirror body (some of them even enter the mirror area to form a partial missing cross-hair pattern), and the cross-hairs are slightly smaller than the design reference pattern, the tested lens needs to be along the Z axis Move away from the laser interferometer; the relative position of the three sets of cross wires is close to the design value, but there is a relative rotation or translation relationship with the measured lens, then adjust the X, Y rotation and translation of the measured lens to the preset
  • the present invention also provides an automatic detection device for laser interference surface shape detection, including: a laser interferometer, a binocular camera, a diffraction spot receiving camera, a CGH, a spot receiving screen with a central light hole, a mirror under test, and a projection Crosshair detector 2, in which the laser interferometer is fixedly connected to the binocular camera, the diffraction spot receiving camera is fixedly connected to the CGH, and the tested mirror is fixedly connected to the projection crosshair detector; the CGH compensator is placed on the standard mirror of the laser interferometer The front of the focal point is away from the direction of the laser interferometer; the spot receiving screen with a central light hole can be removed and replaced at the focal point of the standard lens of the laser interferometer.
  • the present invention realizes the automatic adjustment of the position and posture of the interference detection optical path through multi-stage joint adjustment of the position and posture, wherein the position and posture adjustment sensor includes:
  • a binocular camera that is approximately parallel to the optical axis of the laser interferometer: complete rough positioning of the interferometer standard mirror and the CGH reference plane, X/Y translation with the tested lens, rotation in the X/Y plane, and Z distance;
  • Projection cross wire detector located near the tested mirror: complete precise positioning of the tested mirror X/Y translation, X/Y plane rotation, and Z-direction distance;
  • Fine adjustment of the pose based on interference fringe analysis Finish fine adjustment of the pose of the tested lens until the interference pattern is close to zero fringe.

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Abstract

一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置和方法，包括：激光干涉仪(4)、双目相机(1)、衍射光斑接收相机(3)、CGH、带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏、被测镜以及投影叉丝探测器(2)，其中，激光干涉仪(4)与双目相机(1)固连，衍射光斑接收相机(3)与CGH固连，被测镜与投影叉丝探测器(2)固连；CGH置于激光干涉仪(4)标准镜的焦点前方上远离激光干涉仪(4)方向；带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏可以在激光干涉仪(4)标准镜的焦点移除和放回。基于双目相机(1)、投影叉丝探测器(2)、衍射光斑接收相机(3)、干涉条纹像差解耦的激光干涉面形检测光路多级位姿自动调整方法，实现从mm级机械定位到亚μm级的光学定位，从而完成nm级的光学元件面形自动检测。

Description

一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置与方法 技术领域
本发明属于光学元件面形自动检测领域，具体的涉及一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置与方法。
背景技术
光学元件面形检测由于极高的精度要求，其检测过程往往需要经验丰富的专业人员参与，自动化程度很低。经典的高精度光学元件面形检测技术如轮廓扫描法、夏克-哈特曼检测法、相位偏折法、激光干涉检测法等，目前只有探头沿预设路径直接测量镜面各点矢高的轮廓扫描法可以实现扫描设备行程范围内的自动化检测。然而该方法的逐点检测所需时间长，且采样密度有限，无法反映镜面的中高频误差，检测精度也受限于扫描机构的性能与环境稳定性等因素。
激光干涉面形检测法是当前高精度光学检测的标准方法，Zygo公司研制的平面/球面干涉仪成为光学检测业界的标杆，其检测精度可优于3nm。但由于干涉测量法动态范围小，对于各类非球面、自由曲面均需配备相应的光学补偿元件进行检测，例如Offner补偿器、Dall补偿器、计算全息补偿器CGH(Computer Generated Hologram)等。然而光学补偿元件的加入大幅提升了激光干涉光路中各元件位姿调整的复杂度，对自动化检测提出了挑战，一般需要专业光学工程师来参与调整。
目前尚无全自动化的激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置与方法。
发明内容
基于上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置与方法，用于实现全自动化的激光干涉检测。
本发明采用以下技术方案实现：激光干涉面形检测自动检测的方法包括如下步骤：(1)将激光干涉仪与双目相机固连、衍射光斑接收相机与CGH固连、投影叉丝探测器与被测镜固连；(2)在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点附近放置带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏，该屏可沿垂直激光干涉仪光轴平面退出检测光路；(3)调整CGH的四维定位；(4)调整CGH与激光干涉仪的六维位姿；(5)对被测镜进行四维粗定位调整；(6)对被测镜进行四维位姿精调；(7)调整光斑使其移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处；(8)完成被测镜与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整；(9)根据激光干涉仪此时的干涉条纹进行解析，输出被测镜面形。
进一步的，所述步骤(1)中激光干涉仪与双目相机的光轴近似平行，且由带叉丝标识的标准平面进行位姿标定；衍射光斑接收相机的视场可覆盖带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏的全部 画幅；使用三坐标仪等位置测量设备进行投影叉丝探测器与被测镜相对位置的标定。
进一步的，所述步骤(3)中调整CGH四维定位包括如下步骤：在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点前方也即远离激光干涉仪方向上放置CGH补偿器；撤出带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏；利用双目相机采集CGH上刻划叉丝标识，计算CGH相对于激光干涉仪的位置；在X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转及Z向距离上调整CGH位置。
进一步的，所述步骤(4)中CGH与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整包括如下步骤：将带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏移回激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点处，该屏上将出现由CGH对准区12所反射的系列衍射光斑；衍射光斑接收相机采集光斑图像并经过计算分析找到预设级次的衍射光斑，调整CGH俯仰和扭摆使该光斑移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处；CGH对准区12的反射波前将进入激光干涉仪1，微量调整CGH俯仰和扭摆使得干涉条纹最为稀疏。
进一步的，所述步骤(5)中对被测镜四维粗定位调整包括如下步骤：按照被测镜的顶点曲率半径设计值放置被测镜；撤出带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏；利用双目相机采集位于被测镜附近的投影划叉丝标识，计算被测镜相对于激光干涉仪的位置，包括X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离。
进一步的，所述步骤(6)中对被测镜的四维位姿精调包括如下步骤：依据三组投影叉丝判定被测镜相对理想位置的偏离情况：若三组叉丝均远离镜体，且叉丝相对设计基准图案稍大，则被测镜需沿Z轴向激光干涉仪移动；若三组叉丝均离镜体较近，且叉丝相对设计基准图案稍小，则被测镜需沿Z轴向远离激光干涉仪方向移动；三组叉丝彼此之间的相对位置接近设计值，但与被测镜之间有相对旋转或平移关系，则调整被测镜X、Y向旋转和平移至预设位置。
进一步的，所述步骤(7)调整光斑使其移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处包括如下步骤：将带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏移回激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点处，该屏上将出现由被测镜反射光线经CGH波前补偿区14所透射的系列衍射光斑；衍射光斑接收相机采集光斑图像并经过计算分析找到预设级次的衍射光斑，调整被测镜俯仰和扭摆。
进一步的，所述步骤(8)中完成被测镜与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整的判断标准为：被测镜反射波前进入激光干涉仪，微量调整被测镜俯仰和扭摆使得干涉条纹最为稀疏。
另外，本发明还提供了一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置，包括：激光干涉仪、双目相机、衍射光斑接收相机、CGH、带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏、被测镜以及投影叉丝探测器2，其中，激光干涉仪与双目相机固连，衍射光斑接收相机与CGH固连，被测镜与投影叉丝探测器固连；CGH置于激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点前方上远离激光干涉仪方向；带中心通光孔 的光斑接收屏可以在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点移除和放回。
进一步的，双目相机，其光轴与激光干涉仪光轴方向近似平行，用于完成干涉仪标准镜与CGH基准平面、与被测镜X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离的粗定位；投影叉丝探测器位于被测镜附近，用于完成被测镜X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离的精定位；衍射光斑接收相机位于CHG附近其能采集带中心通光孔的接收屏上的衍射光斑图像，用于完成被测镜的X/Y平面俯仰、扭摆的调整，直至光斑返回干涉仪视场内；根据干涉条纹解析的位姿精调，完成被测镜的位姿精调，直至干涉图样接近于零条纹。
本发明的技术方案具备如下有益效果：
本发明提出了基于双目相机、投影叉丝质心探测器、多级衍射光斑识别定位传感器、干涉条纹像差解耦的激光干涉面形检测光路多级位姿自动调整方法，实现从mm级机械定位到亚μm级的光学定位，从而完成nm级的光学元件面形自动检测。该方法一方面有助于降低实验室/工厂光学元件面形检测过程中的人工参与，提高检测效率，提升产线的品控能力；另一方面有望应用于空间站、月球、火星等无人操作工作环境中的光学制造/维护等科学探索，降低对航天员光学专业背景的需求，提升在轨应用技术可行性。
附图说明
图1为光学元件面形检测光路自动位姿调整传感器分布示意图；
图2为CGH位姿调整基准标识示意图；
图3为多级衍射光斑形状位置分布示意图；
图4(a)为被测镜定位基准投影示意图；
图4(b)为被测镜定位基准投影失配示意图
具体实施例
激光干涉面形自动检测方法包括如下步骤：(1)将激光干涉仪与双目相机固连、衍射光斑接收相机与CGH固连、投影叉丝探测器与被测镜固连；(2)在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点附近放置带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏，该屏可沿垂直激光干涉仪光轴平面退出检测光路；(3)调整CGH的四维定位；(4)调整CGH与激光干涉仪的六维位姿；(5)对被测镜进行四维粗定位调整；(6)对被测镜进行四维位姿精调；(7)调整光斑使其移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处；(8)完成被测镜与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整；(9)根据激光干涉仪此时的干涉条纹进行解析，输出被测镜面形。
具体的本发明的基本工作流程如下：
(1)激光干涉仪4与双目相机1固连，两者光轴近似平行，使用带叉丝标识的标准平面进行两者位姿标定；
(2)衍射光斑接收相机3与CGH固连，相机视场可覆盖带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏的全部画幅；
(3)投影叉丝探测器2与被测镜固连，使用三坐标仪等位置测量设备进行两者相对位置标定；
(4)在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点附近放置带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏，该屏可沿垂直激光干涉仪光轴平面退出检测光路；
(5)在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点前方(远离激光干涉仪方向)放置CGH补偿器，撤出带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏，利用双目相机采集CGH上刻划叉丝标识11(例如图2中所示四个不同大小形状的十字叉丝)，计算CGH相对于激光干涉仪的位置，包括X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离，完成CGH的四维定位调整；
(6)将带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏移回激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点处，该屏上将出现由CGH对准区12所反射的系列衍射光斑；衍射光斑接收相机3采集光斑图像并经过计算分析找到预设级次的衍射光斑(例如图3中最右侧能量集中度最高的圆形光斑)，调整CGH俯仰和扭摆使该光斑移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处；此时CGH对准区12的反射波前将进入激光干涉仪1，微量调整CGH俯仰和扭摆使得干涉条纹最为稀疏；至此CGH与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整完成；
(7)按照被测镜的顶点曲率半径设计值放置被测镜，撤出带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏，利用双目相机采集位于被测镜附近的投影划叉丝标识，计算被测镜相对于激光干涉仪的位置，包括X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离；由于被测镜相较于CGH一般距离激光干涉仪更远，计算精度相对低1-2个数量级，此时被测镜仅完成了四维粗定位调整；
(8)经过粗定位调整后，投影叉丝标识已进入与被测镜固连的投影叉丝探测器2中，以图4为例，三组(可视镜体形状变化投影叉丝形状、个数及位置)投影叉丝可反映出被测镜相对理想位置的偏离情况：若三组叉丝均远离镜体，且叉丝相对设计基准图案稍大，则被测镜需沿Z轴向激光干涉仪移动；若三组叉丝均离镜体较近(甚至有部分进入镜面区域形成叉丝图案部分缺失)，且叉丝相对设计基准图案稍小，则被测镜需沿Z轴向远离激光干涉仪方向移动；三组叉丝彼此之间的相对位置接近设计值，但与被测镜之间有相对旋转或平移关系，则调整被测镜X、Y向旋转和平移至预设位置，此时被测镜完成了四维位姿精调；
(9)将带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏移回激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点处，该屏上将出现由被测镜反射光线经CGH波前补偿区14所透射的系列衍射光斑；衍射光斑接收相机3采集光斑图像并经过计算分析找到预设级次的衍射光斑(与图3相似，形状及能量分布更为复杂)，调整被测镜俯仰和扭摆使该光斑移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处；
(10)此时被测镜反射波前将进入激光干涉仪1，微量调整被测镜俯仰和扭摆使得干涉条纹最为稀疏；至此被测镜与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整完成；
(11)根据激光干涉仪此时的干涉条纹进行解析，输出被测镜面形。
另外，本发明还提供了一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置，包括：激光干涉仪、双目相机、衍射光斑接收相机、CGH、带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏、被测镜以及投影叉丝探测器2，其中，激光干涉仪与双目相机固连，衍射光斑接收相机与CGH固连，被测镜与投影叉丝探测器固连；CGH补偿器置于激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点前方上远离激光干涉仪方向；带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏可以在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点移除和放回。
本发明通过多级位姿联调实现干涉检测光路的位姿自动调整，其中的位姿调整传感器包括：
1)与激光干涉仪光轴方向近似平行的双目相机：完成干涉仪标准镜与CGH基准平面、与被测镜X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离的粗定位；
2)位于被测镜附近的投影叉丝探测器：完成被测镜X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离的精定位；
3)位于CGH附近的衍射光斑接收相机(采集带中心通光孔的接收屏上的衍射光斑图像)：完成CHG及被测镜的X/Y平面俯仰、扭摆的调整，直至光斑返回干涉仪视场内；
4)根据干涉条纹解析的位姿精调：完成被测镜的位姿精调，直至干涉图样接近于零条纹。
以上仅详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例，应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出许多修改和变化，因此，凡是本领域技术人员依据本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上经过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，皆应落在本申请权利要求所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：(1)将激光干涉仪与双目相机固连、衍射光斑接收相机与CGH固连、投影叉丝探测器与被测镜固连；(2)在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点附近放置带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏，该屏可沿垂直激光干涉仪光轴平面退出检测光路；(3)调整CGH的四维定位；(4)调整CGH与激光干涉仪的六维位姿；(5)对被测镜进行四维粗定位调整；(6)对被测镜进行四维位姿精调；(7)调整光斑使其移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处；(8)完成被测镜与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整；(9)根据激光干涉仪此时的干涉条纹进行解析，输出被测镜面形。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中激光干涉仪与双目相机的光轴近似平行，且由带叉丝标识的标准平面进行位姿标定；衍射光斑接收相机的视场可覆盖带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏的全部画幅；使用三坐标仪等位置测量设备进行投影叉丝探测器与被测镜相对位置的标定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中调整CGH四维定位包括如下步骤：在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点前方也即远离激光干涉仪方向上放置CGH；撤出带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏；利用双目相机采集CGH上刻划叉丝标识，计算CGH相对于激光干涉仪的位置；在X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转及Z向距离上调整CGH位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中CGH与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整包括如下步骤：将带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏移回激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点处，该屏上将出现由CGH对准区12所反射的系列衍射光斑；衍射光斑接收相机采集光斑图像并经过计算分析找到预设级次的衍射光斑，调整CGH俯仰和扭摆使该光斑移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处；CGH对准区12的反射波前将进入激光干涉仪1，微量调整CGH俯仰和扭摆使得干涉条纹最为稀疏。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(5)中对被测镜四维粗定位调整包括如下步骤：按照被测镜的顶点曲率半径设计值放置被测镜；撤出带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏；利用双目相机采集位于被测镜附近的投影划叉丝标识，计算被测镜相对于激光干涉仪的位置，包括X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(6)中对被测镜的四维位姿精调包括如下步骤：依据三组投影叉丝判定被测镜相对理想位置的偏离情况：若三组叉丝均远离镜体，且叉丝相对设计基准图案稍大，则被测镜需沿Z轴向激光干涉仪移动；若三组叉丝均离镜体较近，且叉丝相对设计基准图案稍小，则被测镜需沿Z轴向远离激光干涉仪方向移动；三组叉丝彼此之间的相对位置接近设计值，但与被测镜之间有相对旋转或平移关系，则调整被测镜X、Y向旋转和平移至预设位置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(7)调整光斑使其移动至接收屏的中心通光孔处包括如下步骤：将带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏移回激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点处，该屏上将出现由被测镜反射光线经CGH波前补偿区14所透射的系列衍射光斑；衍射光斑接收相机采集光斑图像并经过计算分析找到预设级次的衍射光斑，调整被测镜俯仰和扭摆。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的激光干涉面形检测自动检测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(8)中完成被测镜与激光干涉仪的六维位姿调整的判断标准为：被测镜反射波前进入激光干涉仪，微量调整被测镜俯仰和扭摆使得干涉条纹最为稀疏。
  9. 一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置，其特征在于：所述自动检测装置包括：激光干涉仪、双目相机、衍射光斑接收相机、CGH、带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏、被测镜以及投影叉丝探测器，其中，激光干涉仪与双目相机固连，衍射光斑接收相机与CGH固连，被测镜与投影叉丝探测器固连；CGH置于激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点前方上远离激光干涉仪方向；带中心通光孔的光斑接收屏可以在激光干涉仪标准镜的焦点移除和放回。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种激光干涉面形检测自动检测装置，其特征在于：双目相机，其光轴与激光干涉仪光轴方向近似平行，用于完成干涉仪标准镜与CGH基准平面、与被测镜X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离的粗定位；投影叉丝探测器位于被测镜附近，用于完成被测镜X/Y向平移、X/Y平面内旋转、Z向距离的精定位；衍射光斑接收相机位于CGH附近其能采集带中心通光孔的接收屏上的衍射光斑图像，用于完成被测镜的X/Y平面俯仰、扭摆的调整，直至光斑返回干涉仪视场内；根据干涉条纹解析的位姿精调，完成被测镜的位姿精调，直至干涉图样接近于零条纹。
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