WO2021202748A1 - System, and associated method, for recovering water from air - Google Patents
System, and associated method, for recovering water from air Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021202748A1 WO2021202748A1 PCT/US2021/025196 US2021025196W WO2021202748A1 WO 2021202748 A1 WO2021202748 A1 WO 2021202748A1 US 2021025196 W US2021025196 W US 2021025196W WO 2021202748 A1 WO2021202748 A1 WO 2021202748A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- interior wall
- air
- tec
- column
- accumulator
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 64
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0033—Other features
- B01D5/0042—Thermo-electric condensing; using Peltier-effect
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to recovering water from air, and, more particularly, to condensing and collecting water that has been absorbed into air, also known as the atmosphere.
- sea water is available, plants have been developed for purifying such water in order to provide drinking water.
- sea water is not always available, or is only available via extensive pipeline systems, and such plants are generally prohibitively expensive to build, and require substantial energy to operate.
- the present invention accordingly, provides a system for recovering water from air.
- the system includes a skirt supported by legs and at least one interior wall suspended from the skirt.
- At least one exterior wall extends from an accumulator and is spaced apart from and substantially parallel to the at least one interior wall, thereby defining a flow channel between the at least one interior wall and the at least one exterior wall.
- At least one thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is connectable to an electrical power source for transferring heat from a cool side of the TEC to a warm side of the TEC, the cool side being positioned on the at least one interior wall, not in the flow channel, for cooling the at least one interior wall, the at least one interior wall defining a condensing surface proximate the at least one TEC.
- the skirt is heated from sunlight, and heat is transferred from the skirt to air inside the skirt, causing the air to rise into, and flow through, the flow channel. Water in the air condenses on the condensing surface, drips from the condensing surface, and flows through the channel into the accumulator for access by a user.
- the system includes a funnel having a non- reflective surface oriented for receiving and absorbing heat energy from the sun, and an upwardly-oriented vertex end defining a vertex opening, and a downwardly-oriented base end defining a base opening larger than the vertex opening.
- the funnel is preferably supported on legs positioned proximate to the base opening of the lower funnel.
- An upwardly extending column having a relatively non-reflecting exterior surface is attached to the vertex opening for facilitating fluid communication by convection from the funnel to the column.
- a condensing surface is secured within a channel defined within the interior of the column, and at least one thermoelectric cooler or continuous absorption cooler operable by the application heat furnished by gas is positioned on the condensing surface for cooling the condensing surface.
- a collector is positioned within the column for catching water that condenses on, and drips from, the condensing surface, and flows through the channel. The collector is connected in fluid communication with an accumulator for receiving and accumulating condensate received by the collector.
- a system for recovering water from air includes a base plate having an upper surface having a substantially non- reflective surface to absorb heat energy from the sun.
- a column is positioned on the base plate and has at least one wall through which heat energy from the sun may pass to the base plate to heat the base plate, and the base plate heats air in the column.
- An upper thermally conductive plate is secured at an angle between horizontal and vertical within an upper end of the column.
- a lower plate is secured within the column parallel to and spaced beneath the upper plate to define a flow channel between the upper plate and the lower plate.
- a thermoelectric cooler is connectable to a power source for cooling the upper plate.
- An accumulator is positioned for collecting and accumulating water that condenses on and flows through the flow channel.
- FIGURE 1 exemplifies a perspective view of a water recovery system embodying features of the present invention
- FIGURE 2 exemplifies a partially cut-away perspective view of an interior of a condenser adapted for use in the system of FIG. 1;
- FIGURE 3 presents a plan view of the condenser of FIG. 2 taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
- FIGURE 4 presents a cross-sectional view of the condenser of FIG. 2 taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
- FIGURE 5 exemplifies an alternative embodiment of the invention of FIG. 4 wherein the column is sealed so as to force all upward-flowing air through the condenser;
- FIGURE 6 exemplifies an alternative embodiment of the water recovery system of FIG. 1 embodying features of the present invention
- FIGURE 7 exemplifies an alternative embodiment of the invention made more compact by forgoing the column and forcing all upward-flowing air through the condenser;
- FIGURE 8 presents detail of a condenser of the embodiment of FIG. 7;
- FIGURE 9 exemplifies an alternative embodiment of the invention of FIG.
- FIGURE 10 presents detail of a condenser and accumulator of the embodiment of FIG. 9.
- FIGURE 11 exemplifies a water recovery system according to a further alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- the reference numeral 100 generally designates a water recovery system embodying features of the present invention.
- System 100 preferably includes a frusto-conical skirt or funnel 102, preferably supported on four legs 104, though any number of legs may be utilized in support of the funnel, or legs may be omitted and openings formed in the funnel 102 to permit the inflow of air.
- Funnel 102 is preferably fabricated from a sheet of thermally conductive material, such as sheet metal, and includes a vertex 109, or upper, end 102a defining a vertex, or upper, opening 102a’, and a base, or lower, end 102b defining a base, or lower, opening 102b’ larger than the vertex opening 102a’.
- the exterior surface of funnel 102, and optionally, the interior surface as well, are preferably substantially non-r effective heat-absorbing surfaces, such as, for example, black surfaces, or other dark colored substantially non-reflective heat-absorbing surfaces.
- a column 106 is mounted over upper opening 102a’ of funnel 102.
- Column 106 is preferably fabricated from sheet metal, having a cross-section which is preferably circular, and includes an exterior surface, and optionally, an interior surface as well, which is substantially reflective, being, for example, metallic, white, or other substantially light-reflective color.
- substantially reflective being, for example, metallic, white, or other substantially light-reflective color.
- column 106 While the cross- section of column 106 is exemplified as being circular, it may alternatively be any of a number of different shapes, such as square, triangular, or the like.
- a cover 137 is preferably positioned atop column 106 for preventing debris in the air from falling into the condenser and accumulator.
- a condenser 110 is positioned within an upper portion of column 106, and, as shown and described in greater detail below with respect to FIGURES 2-4, preferably comprises four substantially flat interior sides, or walls, 111 configured to form a funnel in the shape of an inverted pyramid.
- condenser 110 may be configured in any of a number of different ways, and may, by way of example, have more or less than four walls, or assume alternative configurations, such as a conical shape, as discussed below.
- Walls 111 are preferably fabricated from a thermally conductive material, such as sheet metal.
- a channel 126 extends downwardly from an opening formed at vertex 109 of condenser 110, and fluid communication is thereby established between the interior of condenser 110 and the interior of channel 126.
- Four exterior walls 112 and 113 are formed outside of respective interior walls 111 and 125, the interior and exterior walls being substantially parallel to each other.
- a flow channel 118 is defined between interior walls 111 and exterior walls 112, and a channel 126 is defined between interior walls 125 and exterior walls 113.
- An upper end of interior walls 111 is formed into an arcuate shape 119 which extends over exterior walls 112 and is open for capturing air currents that flow upwardly through column 106, as discussed further below.
- Walls 112, 113, and 125 are preferably fabricated from material, such as plastic, that is relatively ineffective for conducting heat.
- the exterior surfaces of exterior walls 112 and 113 are preferably insulated with insulation 127.
- the interior surfaces of interior walls 125 are preferably insulated with insulation 122.
- condenser 110 is preferably secured in column 106 by tack welding each of four corners 115 of condenser 110 to the interior wall of column 106.
- condenser 110 may be secured in column 106 using any other conventional means, such as support arms or braces extending between condenser 110 and column 106, similar to support arms or braces 117 extending between a collector 114 (discussed below) and column 106, described below with respect to FIGS. 2 and 4.
- Collector 114 is preferably positioned within column 106 under condenser 110 for receiving water that drips from vertex 109 and walls 113.
- Collector 114 is preferably conically-shaped, and is supported therein using any conventional means, such as a plurality of metal arms or braces 117 extending between collector 114 and column 106, or (not shown) between collector 114 and walls 113.
- collector 114 is joined to walls 113 to form a substantially air-tight seal between collector 114 and walls 113 and to provide additional support for condenser 110.
- a conduit 116 such as a tube or hose, is preferably connected in fluid communication between collector 114 and an accumulator 128, such as a drum, and extends through the wall of column 106, for facilitating the flow of water from collector 114 to accumulator 128.
- a vent 135 may optionally be provided on the conduit 116.
- conduit 116 is connected directly to walls 113 to form a substantially air-tight seal between walls 113 and conduit 116, and to provide additional support for condenser 110, rendering collector 114 unnecessary.
- Accumulator 128 is configured for accumulating and storing water captured by collector 114, and, but for conduit 116, is preferably closed and sealed at the top, though it may alternatively be open-topped. While not shown, accumulator 128 preferably also includes means, such as a valve positioned in a lower portion of accumulator 128, for enabling a user to conveniently draw water from the accumulator in a manner well-known in the art. Accumulator 128 is preferably positioned laterally and externally of funnel 102, but may alternatively be centrally positioned directly under funnel 102 and condenser 110, with conduit 116 running straight downwardly from collector 114 to accumulator 128.
- System 100 further includes an electrical power source 120, preferably comprising one or more batteries 121 and solar panels 124, which are preferably configured in a conventional manner for working together so that power may be supplied from the battery when there is little or no sunshine to energize the solar panels.
- Electrical power source 120 is connected via wires 108 for supplying electrical power to the certain components of condenser 110, described further below.
- Electrical power source 120 is preferably self-contained, needing no external power supply, though external electrical power may optionally be made available through conventional power sources, as needed, should electrical power source 120 be unable to supply the quantity of power needed by condenser 110.
- At least one Peltier Junction Module, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC), 202 is preferably positioned on an interior surface of each interior wall 111 so that, when energized, the TECs absorb heat from, and thereby cool, the walls 111 of condenser 110.
- TECs 202 are electrically coupled via wires 108 to power source 120, and may be interconnected in any conventional manner, such as by a parallel or serial circuit. While not shown, TECs 202 are preferably provided with heat sinks on a side opposing walls 111 for dissipating heat absorbed by the TECs.
- TECs such as described herein, are considered to be well-known in the art and, therefore, will not be described in further detail herein, except insofar as necessary to describe the invention.
- any suitable method for cooling interior walls 111 may be used, such as, by way of example, a continuous absorption type of cooling unit operated by the application of a limited amount of heat furnished by gas.
- FIGURE 3 depicts a plan view of condenser 110 within column 106.
- TECs 202 are preferably serially connected to wires 108, though they may alternatively be connected in parallel. Also shown in FIG. 3 are spaces 302 between column 106 and condenser 110, to thereby facilitate the upward flow of air through column 106 and past condenser 110, for reasons discussed in further detail below.
- system 100 is preferably positioned so that funnel 102 is exposed to the heat of sunlight which is absorbed by, and thereby heats, the dark or black surface of funnel 102.
- Heat from the surface of funnel 102 heats air inside funnel 102, causing the air to convectively rise up in funnel 102 through vertex opening 102a’, and into column 106, as indicated by arrows 107.
- the air is then captured by arcuate bends 119 and directed through channels 118 and 126.
- Electrical power is applied to the TECs 202 to cause them thereby to cool walls 111 of condenser 110. As heated air passes through channel 118 and over cooled walls 111, water in the air condenses onto surfaces of channel 118.
- the condensed water then flows, from the force of gravity, downwardly through channels 118 and 126, and into collector 114. Water caught by collector 114 then flows, as indicated by an arrow 130, through conduit 116 to accumulator 128, where it is made available for use by a user (not shown) in a conventional manner.
- FIGURE 5 exemplifies an alternative embodiment of the invention of FIG. 4 wherein the column is sealed by a wall 111 substantially flat horizontal extension so as to force all upward-flowing air through condenser 100 as indicated by arrows 107. Operation of the embodiment of FIG. 5 is otherwise similar to the operation of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4.
- FIGURE 6 depicts the details of a water recovery system 500 according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention. Since water recovery system 500 contains many components that are substantially identical to those of the previous embodiment 100, such components are referred to by the same reference numerals and will not be described in any further detail.
- column 106 is replaced by a primary column 506 having a bend 502 formed between a lower portion 506a and an upper portion 506b of column 506.
- Lower portion 506a of column 506 is connected in fluid communication to funnel 102
- upper portion 506b of column 506 is connected in fluid communication to a central portion of an auxiliary column 504.
- Auxiliary column 504 is preferably a substantially straight, vertically extending column which defines an open lower end 504a and an open upper end 504b.
- Condenser 110 and collector 114 are positioned within auxiliary column 504 between the open upper end 504b of auxiliary column 504 and the connection of upper portion 506b of column 506 to auxiliary column 504, and are secured thereto similarly as described above with respect to FIGS. 1-5.
- conduit 116 In further contrast to the water recovery system 100, wherein conduit 116 extends through the wall of column 106, in the water recovery system 500, conduit 116 preferably runs downwardly through the open lower end 504a of auxiliary column 504.
- Operation of the water recovery system 500 is similar to the operation of water recovery system 100, the only material difference being that warm humid air passes from primary column 506 to auxiliary column 504 before passing over condenser 110.
- FIGURES 7 and 8 exemplify an alternative, more streamlined embodiment of the invention.
- a skirt 206 preferably comprises sheet material in the shape of a four-panel frustum, or alternatively a frusto-conical shape, the sheet material being a heat-absorbing thermally conductive material, such as sheet metal having a black exterior, and supported by legs 204.
- Skirt 206 is preferably used to perform the functions of funnel 102 and column 106 of heating air and directing the heated air into condenser 110, and are connected directly to the upper edges of interior walls 111.
- Accumulator 128 is replaced by accumulator 218 which is positioned directly beneath condenser 110.
- Accumulator 218 is connected via a conduit 216 to exterior walls 112 for collecting condensate condensed on walls 111.
- a cover 237 is provided for preventing debris in the air from falling into the condenser and accumulator.
- FIGURES 9 and 10 exemplify an alternative embodiment of the invention of FIGS. 7 and 8, wherein the accumulator 218 forms an integral and streamlined portion of the condenser 110.
- Interior walls 111 of condenser 110 are preferably substantially vertical, and the walls of accumulator 218 extend upwardly to envelope walls 111. Operation of the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 is similar to the operation of the embodiment of FIGS. 7-8.
- FIGURE 11 exemplifies a water recovery system 1100 according to a further alternate embodiment of the present invention.
- Water recovery system 1100 includes a column 1102, preferably comprising a material that allows light to pass through, such as clear plastic.
- Column 1102 may be defined by any suitable cross-section, such as square or round.
- Column 1102 is preferably seated on a base plate 1104 having a non-r effective surface and heat-absorbing color, such as black, for absorbing heat energy from the sun, and for heating air within column 1102, thereby causing air in the column to rise upwardly.
- Openings 1106 are defined in a lower portion of column 1102 for allowing air to enter into column 1102, indicated by arrows 1128, as air in column 1102 rises upwardly.
- An upper portion of column 1102 is sealed, but for a condenser passageway 1112 defined by an upper plate 1108 and a lower plate 1110, which plates are arranged at an angle to define an inlet 1130 and an outlet 1120.
- the plates 1108 and 1110 are preferably fabricated from a thermally conductive material such as copper, and include respective surfaces 1108a and 1110a onto which are preferably formed grooves for facilitating the flow of water droplets passing through passageway 1112.
- a layer of insulation 1114 is preferably adhered to the bottom side of plate 1110 for preventing the transfer of heat from air in column 1102 to air in passageway 1112, to thereby render the system 1100 more efficient for recovering water from air.
- An accumulator 1126 is positioned on an exterior surface of column 1102 for collecting water condensed in condenser passageway 1112.
- At least one Peltier Junction Module, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC), 1116 is positioned so that a side 1116a of TEC 1116 that is cool in operation is firmly seated against the upper surface of upper plate 1108 to facilitate the transfer of heat from air in passageway 1112 to TEC 1116.
- a heat sink 1118 is positioned on a side 1116b of TEC 1116 opposite side 1116a for absorbing heat from the TEC and dissipating that heat to the air. While not shown, it is understood that the TEC may be supplied electrical power in any conventional manner, such as by electrical power source 120 via wires 108.
- TEC 1116 is powered on and proceeds to transfer heat from plate 1108 to heat sink 1118, thereby cooling plate 1108. While plate 1108 is cooling, heat energy from the sun passes through the clear walls of column 1102 and heats base plate 1104, which in turn heats air contained within the column until the air is warmed and rises upwardly, as indicated by arrow 1132, toward inlet 1130 of passageway 1112. As the warm air rises, a pressure drop in column 1102 draws more air into the column through openings 1106, as indicated by arrows 1128.
- column 106 or 506 could operate without funnel 102, or column 106 or 506 could in its entirety constitute a funnel without a cylindrical portion.
- System 100 may be fabricated without legs 104, and holes may be perforated in funnel 102 to allow for the entry of air therein.
- condensers may be modified wherein larger and/or additional TECs 202 are positioned on the interior of walls 111 and arranged thereon (e.g., side-by-side or stacked) and/or shaped to thereby maximize the portion of the surfaces of the walls 111 that are cooled by the TECs. Ducting may be added to the embodiment of FIG. 11 to direct air exiting from outlet 1120 over the heat sink 1118 to facilitate the flow of air and more efficiently operate the system.
- walls 111 of a respective condenser may be cooled using other cooling and refrigeration technologies, such as natural gas technologies, including (1) a continuous absorption type of cooling unit operated by the application of a limited amount of heat furnished by natural gas (e.g., as developed by Servel, Inc.) (or alternatively, heated by electricity, kerosene, and/or any other suitable fuel), (2) engine driven chillers, (3) desiccant dehumidification systems, (4) heat sinks, and/or the like.
- natural gas e.g., as developed by Servel, Inc.
- engine driven chillers e.g., as developed by Servel, Inc.
- desiccant dehumidification systems e.g., as heat sinks, and/or the like.
- corrugated surfaces and fans may be utilized for forced induction of air in any of the embodiments described herein in a manner as would be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art upon a reading of this application.
- any of the aforementioned interior walls and exterior walls have superhydrophobic surfaces defining a flow channel between the interior wall and the exterior wall, to facilitate the flow of water through the channel.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/836,685 US11185792B2 (en) | 2014-11-22 | 2020-03-31 | System, and associated method, for recovering water from air |
US16/836,685 | 2020-03-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2021202748A1 true WO2021202748A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
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ID=77929118
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2021/025196 WO2021202748A1 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2021-03-31 | System, and associated method, for recovering water from air |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5846296A (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1998-12-08 | Krumsvik; Per Kaare | Method and device for recovering water from a humid atmosphere |
US6574979B2 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2003-06-10 | Fakieh Research & Development | Production of potable water and freshwater needs for human, animal and plants from hot and humid air |
US20060279167A1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Turner J G Jr | System, and associated method, for recovering water from air |
US20060288709A1 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-12-28 | Reidy James J | Thermoelectric, high-efficiency, water generating device |
-
2021
- 2021-03-31 WO PCT/US2021/025196 patent/WO2021202748A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5846296A (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1998-12-08 | Krumsvik; Per Kaare | Method and device for recovering water from a humid atmosphere |
US6574979B2 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2003-06-10 | Fakieh Research & Development | Production of potable water and freshwater needs for human, animal and plants from hot and humid air |
US20060288709A1 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-12-28 | Reidy James J | Thermoelectric, high-efficiency, water generating device |
US20060279167A1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Turner J G Jr | System, and associated method, for recovering water from air |
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