WO2021190418A1 - End mill and blade thereof - Google Patents

End mill and blade thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021190418A1
WO2021190418A1 PCT/CN2021/081871 CN2021081871W WO2021190418A1 WO 2021190418 A1 WO2021190418 A1 WO 2021190418A1 CN 2021081871 W CN2021081871 W CN 2021081871W WO 2021190418 A1 WO2021190418 A1 WO 2021190418A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
width
cutting edge
passivation
blade according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/081871
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘东亨
Original Assignee
京瓷株式会社
刘东亨
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京瓷株式会社, 刘东亨 filed Critical 京瓷株式会社
Publication of WO2021190418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021190418A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/1009—Ball nose end mills
    • B23C5/1027—Ball nose end mills with one or more removable cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/109—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft with removable cutting inserts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a workpiece processing tool, in particular to an end mill and its blade.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN109862983A discloses a ball-end end mill.
  • the cutting insert has an arc-shaped cutting edge protruding toward the outer peripheral side of the front end of the cutting insert.
  • a rounding is formed in the range where the radial angle of the blade tip is at least 30° or less.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a blade of an end mill to improve the surface quality of a processed workpiece.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an end mill having the above-mentioned insert.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a blade of an end mill, which extends from a rear end to a front end along a rotation axis, and includes an end surface, a rake surface, and a cutting edge; the end surface is located on the front end side of the blade, and There is a back angle surface; the front angle surface is correspondingly located in front of the rotation direction of the back angle surface; the cutting edge is located between the back angle surface and the front angle surface, and there is a dull surface; the cutting edge follows Extending away from the front end side from the central side of the rotating shaft to the outer peripheral side of the blade; the passivation surface has a first part and a second part closer to the outer peripheral side than the first part; The width of the second part is greater than the width of the first part.
  • the present invention provides an end mill, comprising a tool holder extending back and forth along a rotating shaft and a blade as described above at the front end of the tool holder, the blade being detachably mounted on the On the knife handle, or the blade and the knife handle are an integral structure.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages and positive effects: in the blade of the end mill provided by the present invention, the cutting edge has a passivation surface, and the first part of the passivation surface closer to the central side has The smaller width makes the part of the cutting edge closer to the center side sharper, has better tool-grazing, and has lower cutting resistance during processing, which is beneficial to the part of the cutting edge near the center side with a lower cutting speed. It can cut more smoothly, thereby improving the surface quality of the workpiece.
  • the second part closer to the outer circumference has a larger width, which makes the part closer to the outer circumference of the cutting edge stronger, which is more conducive to maintaining a relatively large cutting amount and cutting speed, and improving the service life of the blade. .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of an end mill of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the blade of the end mill in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is an apex view of Fig. 2.
  • Figures 5 to 8 are cross-sectional views orthogonal to the cutting edge at D-D in Figure 3, and Figures 5 to 8 respectively illustrate several different structural forms of the passivation surface.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of selecting a feature position on the view of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the cutting edge at E-E in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the cutting edge at F-F in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the cutting edge at G-G in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the processing process of the end mill of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the state of the insert in Fig. 13 when cutting a workpiece.
  • Figures 15 to 17 are front views of blade shapes of other embodiments of the present invention.
  • the invention provides an end mill and its blade.
  • the end mill can be a ball end mill, a circular arc end mill, and the like.
  • the blade of the end mill is located on the front end side of the end mill, and has a plurality of cutting edges in the shape of a plane curve or a space curve. When in use, the end mill rotates around the axis of rotation, and each cutting edge cuts the workpiece, processing a spherical or spatial curved surface on the workpiece.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of an end mill 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the end mill 10 includes a tool holder 2 and a blade 1 located at the front end of the tool holder 2.
  • the end mill 10 is a ball end mill.
  • the knife handle 2 extends from the rear end to the front end along the rotation axis L, and the front end of the knife handle 2 is provided with two jaws 21 spaced apart.
  • the blade 1 is installed between the two jaws 21 and fixed by a fastening screw 3 penetrating the jaw 21 and the blade 1.
  • the blade 1 is detachably mounted on the handle 2.
  • the blade 1 and the handle 2 may also be an integral structure.
  • the present invention is optimized for the cutting edge structure of the blade 1, and the structure of the detachable blade 1 will be described in detail below.
  • the structure related to the cutting edge is also applicable to the blade 1 having an integrated structure with the handle 2.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the blade 1 of the present embodiment
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of the blade 1
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a front end view of the blade 1.
  • the blade 1 extends from the rear end to the front end along the rotation axis L, and has an end surface 11 on the front end side of the blade 1 and a back angle surface 111, a front angle surface 12 corresponding to the front of the back angle surface 111 in the rotation direction, and There is a cutting edge 13 with a dull surface between the rear corner surface 111 and the front corner surface 12.
  • the blade 1 of this embodiment also has two opposite restraint surfaces 14 and a through hole 15 penetrating the two restraint surfaces 14.
  • the two restraint surfaces 14 are used to connect the two blades respectively.
  • the jaw 21 is attached, and the through hole 15 is used to connect and cooperate with the fastening screw 3.
  • the end surface 11 is located between the two restraint surfaces 14.
  • the rear corner surface 111 of the end surface 11 is located behind the rotation direction of the cutting edge 13 and is connected between the cutting edge 13 and the restraining surface 14.
  • the relief angle surface 111 includes a main relief angle surface 1111 and a secondary relief angle surface 1112, the main relief angle surface 1111 is connected to the cutting edge 13, and the auxiliary relief angle surface 1112 is connected to the restraint surface 14.
  • the rake surface 12 is located in the front of the rotation direction of the cutting edge 13, and a chip discharge groove (not numbered in the figure) is formed between it and the restraining surface 14 for the cutting edge 13 to discharge chips generated when the cutting edge 13 cuts the workpiece.
  • the cutting edge 13 extends from the center side of the rotating shaft L to the outer peripheral side of the blade 1 as it moves away from the front end side of the blade 1.
  • the cutting edge 13 has a spatial arc shape.
  • the cutting edges 13 are provided as two centrally symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis L. As shown in FIG. From the front view, the projections of the two cutting edges 13 are located on the same circle. When the blade 1 rotates around the rotation axis L, the contour of the cutting edge 13 forms a spherical shape to process a spherical surface on the workpiece.
  • the cutting edge 13 can form a passivation surface according to relevant passivation means in the art, and the passivation surface also extends from the central side to the outer peripheral side along the extending direction of the cutting edge 13.
  • the passivation surface can be flat or convex.
  • the dull surface of the cutting edge 13 is in contact with the rake surface 12 and the main back angle surface 1111 respectively.
  • the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is a circular arc surface, which is respectively tangent to the rake surface 12 and the main back corner surface 1111, which can be formed by rounding.
  • the radius of the arc of the entire blunt surface is R be consistent.
  • the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is a flat surface, which can be called a chamfer.
  • the blunt surface has an included angle with the rake surface 12 and the main back corner surface 1111, and the two included angles can be the same or different. .
  • the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is two circular arc surfaces that are smoothly connected.
  • the radius of the arc surface that meets the rake surface 12 is R1, and the arc surface that meets the main back corner surface 1111.
  • the radius is R2, R1>R2.
  • the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is also two circular arc surfaces that are smoothly connected.
  • the radius of the arc surface that meets the rake surface 12 is R3, and the arc that meets the main relief surface 1111.
  • the surface radius is R4, R3 ⁇ R4.
  • the specific shape of the passivation surface is not limited to the four listed above, and can be set according to needs, and will not be listed one by one.
  • the surface of the blade 1 may be coated to form a coating.
  • the passivation surface is correspondingly formed on the coating.
  • the coating of the coating can be formed by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition, and the specific method can refer to related technologies.
  • the thickness of the coating can be set according to requirements, and the thickness and shape of the coating can be different at different positions of the cutting edge 13, so that passivation surfaces of different sizes can be formed at different positions of the coating.
  • the coating method can also increase the strength of the blade 1, and on the basis of ensuring the strength of the blade 1, it is beneficial to reduce the size of the passivation surface, thereby improving the sharpness of the cutting edge 13.
  • the passivation surface has a first part and a second part located on the outer peripheral side than the first part.
  • the width is greater than the width of the first part.
  • first part and second part do not represent fixed positions in the extending direction of the cutting edge 13 and can be selected dynamically. Based on the width relationship between the first part and the second part, it can be inferred that on the cutting edge 13, the width of the passivation surface near the center side is smaller than the width of the passivation surface near the outer periphery side.
  • the cutting edge 13 near the center side is sharper, and the cutting edge 13 near the outer peripheral side is blunt. Therefore, the part of the cutting edge 13 closer to the center side can cut into the workpiece more conveniently, has better tool-grazing, and has lower cutting resistance during processing, which is beneficial to the part of the cutting edge near the center side with a lower cutting speed. 13 can cut more smoothly, thereby improving the surface quality of the workpiece.
  • the second part closer to the outer circumference side has a larger width, which makes the part of the cutting edge 13 closer to the outer circumference side stronger, which is more conducive to maintaining a relatively large cutting amount and cutting speed in the working state, and improving the blade 1 Service life.
  • the width of the dull surface of the cutting edge 13 refers to the distance between the two points where the cutting edge 13 meets the rake surface 12 and the rear angle surface 111 respectively.
  • the width of the passivation surface can be expressed as A in the front view (view direction shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • the width can be denoted as B.
  • S From the axonometric view (view direction shown in Figure 2), it can be denoted as S.
  • the cross section orthogonal to the cutting edge 13 refers to an orthogonal plane at a certain point of the cutting edge 13 and perpendicular to the tangent line through which the cutting edge 13 passes through the point.
  • the width of the passivation surface is evaluated by the above A, B or S, as the cutting edge 13 extends, the relationship between the width of the first part and the second part is established.
  • the width of the passivation surface gradually increases from the first part to the second part. This conforms to the tendency of the cutting speed of the cutting edge 13 to gradually increase from the first part to the second part, so that the cutting edge 13 has a more uniform cutting performance.
  • the cutting edge 13 has a dull surface in the entire extending direction of the blade length from the central side to the outer peripheral side, so as to improve the chipping resistance of the cutting edge 13 as a whole. Further, the width of the passivation surface gradually increases from the end on the center side to the end on the peripheral side.
  • the end of the passivation surface on the center side has the smallest width
  • a passivation surface only at a part of the extended length of the cutting edge 13, for example, only a passivation surface is formed on a part of the cutting edge 13 close to the center side, or in the middle of the cutting edge 13 often used.
  • a passivated surface is formed on part of the cutting edge 13 of the area, and so on.
  • the passivation surface may also have a third part located closer to the center side than the first part, and the width of the third part is the same as the width of the first part.
  • the passivation surface may also have a fourth part located closer to the outer circumference side than the second part, and the width of the second part and the width of the fourth part are the same.
  • the passivation surface is a circular arc surface, and the three positions of E, F, and G are sequentially taken from the center side to the outer peripheral side along the extending direction of the cutting edge 13, where the cutting edge 13 at E
  • the radiation angle of the cutting edge 13 at F is 20°
  • the radiation angle of the cutting edge 13 at F is 50°
  • the radiation angle of the cutting edge 13 at G is 75°.
  • Radiation angle refers to: take the point C from the tip of the rotation axis L to the maximum processing radius of the cutting edge 13, take the projection line of the connection between point C and any point on the cutting edge 13 on the reference plane, the projection line and the axis of rotation
  • the angle of L is the radiation angle.
  • the point C is exactly at the center of the through hole 15, and the reference plane is the restraint surface 14 of the insert 1.
  • the radius of the surface were a passivation R E, R F, R G , this relationship is radius surface passivation several :R E ⁇ R F ⁇ R G.
  • R E may be 0.02 mm
  • R F may be 0.025 mm
  • R G may be 0.03 mm.
  • the radius of the passivation surface at the end on the center side is preferably 0.005 mm to 0.015 mm.
  • the radius of the blunt surface in the entire extension direction is preferably between 0.005 mm and 0.05 mm, in order to balance the knife-grazing and strength.
  • the width value range of the passivation surface can be adjusted reasonably with reference to the radius range of the arc surface mentioned above.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the state of the machining process of the end mill 10.
  • the end mill 10 moves in the horizontal direction, and the single-edge feed is Fz.
  • W1 indicates the position of the first cutting edge 13 of the insert 1 of the end mill 10 when cutting, and W2 indicates the next cutting edge 13 of the insert 1 is cutting. Time position.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the cross-sectional structure of the cutting edge 13 of the insert 1 in contact with the workpiece 40 when the end mill 10 is processed.
  • the cutting edge 13 and the rake surface 12 act together on the workpiece 40 to cut the workpiece 40, and the cutting thickness is H as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the width of the passivation surface of the cutting edge 13 in contact with the workpiece 40 is A (refer to the schematic diagrams of FIGS. 5 to 8 ).
  • the cutting resistance within the width A of the passivation surface is determined by the structure of the passivation surface.
  • the passivation surface of the cutting edge 13 is equivalent to a very small rake angle (Negative rake angle with a large absolute value), the cutting resistance is relatively large, and the cutting edge 13 has a poor grip.
  • the rake surface 12 is in contact with the workpiece 40, and the cutting resistance depends on the rake surface 12. In this range, the rake angle is relatively large, the cutting resistance is relatively small, and the tool biting performance is relatively higher. good.
  • the smaller the A/H value the better the tool-grazing performance and the lower the cutting resistance.
  • the greater the A/H the greater the influence of the passivation surface, the poorer the cutting edge 13 and the greater the cutting resistance, which will easily cause scratches on the surface of the workpiece 40 and affect the surface quality of the workpiece.
  • the passivation surface has a relatively small width, which can reduce the A/H value, effectively improve the tool-grabbing performance of the center side part, and improve the surface processing quality of the workpiece , Especially suitable for the situation of small feed angle and low feed.
  • the cutting speed and cutting amount of the cutting edge 13 are relatively larger.
  • the cutting resistance is mainly determined by the rake surface 12. Appropriately increasing the width of the passivation surface has no effect on the cutting resistance. Larger, it can increase the strength of the cutting edge 13, which is more in line with the working conditions of the cutting edge 13.
  • the end mill of the present invention may also be a circular arc end mill, and the cutting edge of the blade is in the shape of a plane curve.
  • Fig. 15 shows the insert 1a of the arc-angle type end mill.
  • the corner of the insert 1a is provided with a cutting edge 13a in the shape of an arc.
  • the cutting edge 13b includes a circular arc section close to the center side and a straight line section extending from the rear end of the circular arc section to the outer peripheral side.
  • the cutting edge 13c includes a plurality of circular arcs with inconsistent radii that are smoothly connected.
  • the cutting edge has different extension shapes, and it is not limited to the several shapes exemplified here, but in general, the cutting edge is from the center side to the outer periphery in the direction away from the front end. Side extension.
  • the passivation surface can also be set according to the method of the ball end mill blade and the width of the passivation surface can be set according to the above-mentioned change rule to improve the sharpness of the center side of the cutting edge, thereby improving the surface processing of the workpiece. quality. I will not introduce them in detail here.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

An end mill (10) and a blade (1) thereof. The blade (1) extends along a rotating shaft (L) from the rear end to the front end, comprising an end face (11), a front rake face (12), and a cutting blade (13). The end face (11) is located at the front end side of the blade (1) and is provided with a rear rake face (111). The front rake face (12) is correspondingly located in front of the direction of rotation of the rear rake face (111). The cutting blade (13) is located between the rear rake face (111) and the front rake face (12) and is provided with a passivation face. The cutting blade (13) extends from the center side of the rotating shaft (L) to the outer circumferential side of the blade (1) moving away from the front end side. The passivation face is provided with a second part that is closer to the outer circumferential side than a first part. The width of the second part is greater than that of the first part. This improves the depth of cut at the center side of the blade (1) and increases the quality of workpiece surface processing.

Description

立铣刀及其刀片End mill and its blade 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及工件加工工具，特别涉及一种立铣刀及其刀片。The invention relates to a workpiece processing tool, in particular to an end mill and its blade.
背景技术Background technique
中国发明专利申请CN109862983A公开一种球头立铣刀，其切削刀片上具有呈朝向该切削刀片的前端外周侧凸出的圆弧状的圆弧状切削刃，在所述圆弧状切削刃的刀尖中的所述放射角度至少为30°以下的范围内形成有倒圆。由此，在对于高硬度工件进行高效加工的情况下，能够充分确保圆弧状切削刃的前端部附近的刀尖强度，并且防止崩刀。Chinese invention patent application CN109862983A discloses a ball-end end mill. The cutting insert has an arc-shaped cutting edge protruding toward the outer peripheral side of the front end of the cutting insert. A rounding is formed in the range where the radial angle of the blade tip is at least 30° or less. As a result, in the case of high-efficiency machining of a high-hardness workpiece, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the edge strength near the tip portion of the arc-shaped cutting edge, and to prevent tool chipping.
对于工件面质量要求高的精加工，或者切深和进给都比较小的加工场合，切刃上的倒圆容易产生对工件施加挤压的运动，吃刀性不佳，切削阻力较大，容易导致刀具打滑，工件面出现刮滑痕迹，影响工件表面质量。For finishing machining with high requirements on the quality of the workpiece surface, or machining occasions where the depth of cut and feed are relatively small, the rounding on the cutting edge is prone to squeeze the workpiece, resulting in poor tool engagement and high cutting resistance. It is easy to cause the tool to slip, and the surface of the workpiece will have scratches, which will affect the surface quality of the workpiece.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种立铣刀的刀片，以改善加工工件表面质量。An object of the present invention is to provide a blade of an end mill to improve the surface quality of a processed workpiece.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种具有上述刀片的立铣刀。Another object of the present invention is to provide an end mill having the above-mentioned insert.
为解决所述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：To solve the technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供一种立铣刀的刀片，其沿着旋转轴从后端向前端延伸，包括端面、前角面及切刃；端面位于所述刀片的前端侧，并且有后角面；前角面对应位于所述后角面的旋转方向的前方；切刃位于所述后角面和所述前角面之间，并且有钝化面；所述切刃随着远离所述前端侧从所述旋转轴的中心侧向所述刀片的外周侧延伸；所述钝化面具有第一部位和比所述第一部位更靠近外周侧的第二部位；所述第二部位的宽度大于第一部位的宽度。According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a blade of an end mill, which extends from a rear end to a front end along a rotation axis, and includes an end surface, a rake surface, and a cutting edge; the end surface is located on the front end side of the blade, and There is a back angle surface; the front angle surface is correspondingly located in front of the rotation direction of the back angle surface; the cutting edge is located between the back angle surface and the front angle surface, and there is a dull surface; the cutting edge follows Extending away from the front end side from the central side of the rotating shaft to the outer peripheral side of the blade; the passivation surface has a first part and a second part closer to the outer peripheral side than the first part; The width of the second part is greater than the width of the first part.
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种立铣刀，包括沿旋转轴前后延伸的刀柄和位于所述刀柄前端的如上所述的刀片，所述刀片可拆卸地安装于所述刀柄上，或者所述刀片与所述刀柄为一体结构。According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an end mill, comprising a tool holder extending back and forth along a rotating shaft and a blade as described above at the front end of the tool holder, the blade being detachably mounted on the On the knife handle, or the blade and the knife handle are an integral structure.
由所述技术方案可知，本发明至少具有如下优点和积极效果：本发明所提供的立铣刀的刀片中，切刃具有钝化面，且钝化面的更靠近中心侧的第一部位具有较小的宽度，使得切刃更靠近中心侧的部分更为锋利，具有更好的吃刀性，在加工时具有较低的切削抵抗，利于切削速度较小的靠近中心侧的这部分切刃能更平稳顺畅地进行切削，从而改善工件表面质量。而更靠近外周侧的第二部位具有较大的宽度，使得切刃更靠近外周侧的部分的强度更好，更利于其保持切削量和切削速度相对较大的工作状态，提高刀片的使用寿命。It can be seen from the technical solution that the present invention has at least the following advantages and positive effects: in the blade of the end mill provided by the present invention, the cutting edge has a passivation surface, and the first part of the passivation surface closer to the central side has The smaller width makes the part of the cutting edge closer to the center side sharper, has better tool-grazing, and has lower cutting resistance during processing, which is beneficial to the part of the cutting edge near the center side with a lower cutting speed. It can cut more smoothly, thereby improving the surface quality of the workpiece. The second part closer to the outer circumference has a larger width, which makes the part closer to the outer circumference of the cutting edge stronger, which is more conducive to maintaining a relatively large cutting amount and cutting speed, and improving the service life of the blade. .
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明立铣刀一实施例的立体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of an end mill of the present invention.
图2是图1中立铣刀的刀片的立体结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the blade of the end mill in Fig. 1.
图3是图2的正面视图。Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2.
图4是图2的先端视图。Fig. 4 is an apex view of Fig. 2.
图5至图8是图3中在D-D处与切刃正交的截面图，图5至图8分别示意了钝化面的几种不同结构形式。Figures 5 to 8 are cross-sectional views orthogonal to the cutting edge at D-D in Figure 3, and Figures 5 to 8 respectively illustrate several different structural forms of the passivation surface.
图9是在图3的视图上选取特征位置的示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of selecting a feature position on the view of Fig. 3.
图10是图9中E-E处与切刃正交的截面图。Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the cutting edge at E-E in Fig. 9.
图11是图9中F-F处与切刃正交的截面图。Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the cutting edge at F-F in Fig. 9.
图12是图9中G-G处与切刃正交的截面图。Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the cutting edge at G-G in Fig. 9.
图13是本发明立铣刀的加工过程的示意图。Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the processing process of the end mill of the present invention.
图14是图13中刀片切削工件时的状态示意图。Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the state of the insert in Fig. 13 when cutting a workpiece.
图15至图17是本发明其他实施例的刀片形状的正面视图。Figures 15 to 17 are front views of blade shapes of other embodiments of the present invention.
附图标记说明如下：10、立铣刀；1/1a/1b/1c、刀片；2、刀柄；21、刀颚；3、紧固螺丝；11、端面；111、后角面；1111、主后角面；1112、副后角面；12、前角面；13/13a/13b/13c、切刃；40、工件。The reference signs are explained as follows: 10, end mill; 1/1a/1b/1c, blade; 2, tool holder; 21, jaw; 3, fastening screw; 11, end face; 111, rear corner surface; 1111 Main rear angle surface; 1112, secondary rear angle surface; 12, front angle surface; 13/13a/13b/13c, cutting edge; 40, workpiece.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
体现本发明特征与优点的典型实施方式将在以下的说明中详细叙述。应理解的是本发明能够在不同的实施方式上具有各种的变化，其皆不脱离本发明的范围，且其中的说明及图示在本质上是当作说明之用，而非用以限制本发明。Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various changes in different implementations, which do not depart from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations therein are essentially for illustrative purposes, rather than limiting this invention.
本发明提供一种立铣刀及其刀片，该立铣刀可以为球头立铣刀、圆弧立铣刀等。该立铣刀的刀片位于立铣刀的前端侧，具有呈平面曲线或空间曲线状的多个切刃。使用时，立铣刀绕旋转轴旋转，各切刃对工件进行切削加工，在工件上加工出球面或空间曲面。The invention provides an end mill and its blade. The end mill can be a ball end mill, a circular arc end mill, and the like. The blade of the end mill is located on the front end side of the end mill, and has a plurality of cutting edges in the shape of a plane curve or a space curve. When in use, the end mill rotates around the axis of rotation, and each cutting edge cuts the workpiece, processing a spherical or spatial curved surface on the workpiece.
图1示意了本发明一实施方式的立铣刀10的结构。该立铣刀10包括刀柄2和位于刀柄2前端的刀片1。本实施例中，该立铣刀10为球头立铣刀。Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of an end mill 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The end mill 10 includes a tool holder 2 and a blade 1 located at the front end of the tool holder 2. In this embodiment, the end mill 10 is a ball end mill.
刀柄2沿着旋转轴L从后端延伸到前端，刀柄2的前端设有相间隔的两刀颚21。刀片1安装在两刀颚21之间，并通过贯穿刀颚21和刀片1的紧固螺丝3固定。The knife handle 2 extends from the rear end to the front end along the rotation axis L, and the front end of the knife handle 2 is provided with two jaws 21 spaced apart. The blade 1 is installed between the two jaws 21 and fixed by a fastening screw 3 penetrating the jaw 21 and the blade 1.
在该结构中，刀片1可拆卸地安装于刀柄2上。在其他实施例中，刀片1也可与刀柄2为一体结构。In this structure, the blade 1 is detachably mounted on the handle 2. In other embodiments, the blade 1 and the handle 2 may also be an integral structure.
本发明针对刀片1的切刃结构进行了优化，以下通过可拆卸式的刀片1的结构进行具体描述。关于切刃相关的结构同样也适用于与刀柄2一体式结构的刀片1。The present invention is optimized for the cutting edge structure of the blade 1, and the structure of the detachable blade 1 will be described in detail below. The structure related to the cutting edge is also applicable to the blade 1 having an integrated structure with the handle 2.
图2示意了本实施方式刀片1的立体图，图3示意了刀片1的正面视图，图4示意了刀片1的先端视图。FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the blade 1 of the present embodiment, FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of the blade 1, and FIG. 4 illustrates a front end view of the blade 1.
该刀片1沿着旋转轴L从后端延伸到前端，具有位于刀片1的前端侧并且有后角面111的端面11、对应位于后角面111的旋转方向的前方的前角面12及位于后角面111和前角面12之间并且有钝化面的切刃13。The blade 1 extends from the rear end to the front end along the rotation axis L, and has an end surface 11 on the front end side of the blade 1 and a back angle surface 111, a front angle surface 12 corresponding to the front of the back angle surface 111 in the rotation direction, and There is a cutting edge 13 with a dull surface between the rear corner surface 111 and the front corner surface 12.
为便于刀片1与刀柄2的安装，本实施例的该刀片1还具有相对的两个拘束面14以及贯穿两个拘束面14的通孔15，两个拘束面14用于分别与两刀颚21贴合，通孔15用于与紧固螺丝3连接配合。In order to facilitate the installation of the blade 1 and the handle 2, the blade 1 of this embodiment also has two opposite restraint surfaces 14 and a through hole 15 penetrating the two restraint surfaces 14. The two restraint surfaces 14 are used to connect the two blades respectively. The jaw 21 is attached, and the through hole 15 is used to connect and cooperate with the fastening screw 3.
端面11位于两拘束面14之间。端面11的后角面111位于切刃13的旋转方向的后方，并连接在切刃13和拘束面14之间。具体地，后角面111包括主后角面1111和副后角面1112，主后角面1111与切刃13相接，而副后角面1112与拘束面14相接。The end surface 11 is located between the two restraint surfaces 14. The rear corner surface 111 of the end surface 11 is located behind the rotation direction of the cutting edge 13 and is connected between the cutting edge 13 and the restraining surface 14. Specifically, the relief angle surface 111 includes a main relief angle surface 1111 and a secondary relief angle surface 1112, the main relief angle surface 1111 is connected to the cutting edge 13, and the auxiliary relief angle surface 1112 is connected to the restraint surface 14.
前角面12位于切刃13的旋转方向的前方，其与拘束面14之间形成有切屑排出槽(图中未标号)，供切刃13切削工件时产生的切屑排出。The rake surface 12 is located in the front of the rotation direction of the cutting edge 13, and a chip discharge groove (not numbered in the figure) is formed between it and the restraining surface 14 for the cutting edge 13 to discharge chips generated when the cutting edge 13 cuts the workpiece.
切刃13随着远离刀片1前端侧从旋转轴L的中心侧向刀片1的外周侧延伸。本实施例中，切刃13呈空间圆弧状。切刃13设置为相对于旋转轴L呈中心对称的两个。从正面视图上看，两切刃13的投影位于同一个圆上。当刀片1绕旋转轴L旋转时，切刃13的轮廓构成球形，以在工件上加工出球面。The cutting edge 13 extends from the center side of the rotating shaft L to the outer peripheral side of the blade 1 as it moves away from the front end side of the blade 1. In this embodiment, the cutting edge 13 has a spatial arc shape. The cutting edges 13 are provided as two centrally symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis L. As shown in FIG. From the front view, the projections of the two cutting edges 13 are located on the same circle. When the blade 1 rotates around the rotation axis L, the contour of the cutting edge 13 forms a spherical shape to process a spherical surface on the workpiece.
切刃13可根据本领域的相关钝化手段形成钝化面，钝化面随着切刃13的延伸方向同样从中心侧向外周侧延伸。参阅图5至图8，根据不同的钝化手段，钝化面可呈平面或凸曲面状。切刃13的钝化面分别与前角面12、主后角面1111相接。The cutting edge 13 can form a passivation surface according to relevant passivation means in the art, and the passivation surface also extends from the central side to the outer peripheral side along the extending direction of the cutting edge 13. Referring to Figures 5 to 8, according to different passivation means, the passivation surface can be flat or convex. The dull surface of the cutting edge 13 is in contact with the rake surface 12 and the main back angle surface 1111 respectively.
图5所示，切刃13的钝化面呈圆弧面，分别与前角面12、主后角面1111相切，可通过倒圆角的形式形成，整个钝化面圆弧的半径R保持一致。As shown in Figure 5, the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is a circular arc surface, which is respectively tangent to the rake surface 12 and the main back corner surface 1111, which can be formed by rounding. The radius of the arc of the entire blunt surface is R be consistent.
图6所示，切刃13的钝化面呈平面，其可称为倒斜角，钝化面与前角面12、主后角面1111分别具有夹角，两夹角可以相同也可以不同。As shown in Figure 6, the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is a flat surface, which can be called a chamfer. The blunt surface has an included angle with the rake surface 12 and the main back corner surface 1111, and the two included angles can be the same or different. .
图7所示，切刃13的钝化面为平滑相接的两段圆弧面，与前角面12相接的圆弧面半径为R1，与主后角面1111相接的圆弧面半径为R2，R1＞R2。As shown in Figure 7, the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is two circular arc surfaces that are smoothly connected. The radius of the arc surface that meets the rake surface 12 is R1, and the arc surface that meets the main back corner surface 1111. The radius is R2, R1>R2.
图8所示，切刃13的钝化面也为平滑相接的两段圆弧面，与前角面12相接的圆弧面半径为R3，与主后角面1111相接的圆弧面半径为R4，R3＜R4。As shown in Figure 8, the blunt surface of the cutting edge 13 is also two circular arc surfaces that are smoothly connected. The radius of the arc surface that meets the rake surface 12 is R3, and the arc that meets the main relief surface 1111. The surface radius is R4, R3<R4.
在实际应用中，钝化面的具体形状不限于上述所列的四种，可根据需要进行设置，不再一一例举。In practical applications, the specific shape of the passivation surface is not limited to the four listed above, and can be set according to needs, and will not be listed one by one.
在未图示的一些实施例中，刀片1的表面可镀膜形成涂层，这种情况下，钝化面相应形成于涂层上。涂层的镀膜可采用物理气相沉积或化学气相沉积的方式，具体方式可参照相关技术。涂层的厚度可依据需求进行设定，且在切刃13的不同位置上，涂层的厚度以及形状可以不同，从而可以在不同位置的涂层处形成不同尺寸的钝化面。通过涂层的方式还可以增加刀片1的强度，在保证刀片1强度的基础上利于钝化面尺寸的减小，从而提高切刃13的吃刀性。In some embodiments not shown, the surface of the blade 1 may be coated to form a coating. In this case, the passivation surface is correspondingly formed on the coating. The coating of the coating can be formed by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition, and the specific method can refer to related technologies. The thickness of the coating can be set according to requirements, and the thickness and shape of the coating can be different at different positions of the cutting edge 13, so that passivation surfaces of different sizes can be formed at different positions of the coating. The coating method can also increase the strength of the blade 1, and on the basis of ensuring the strength of the blade 1, it is beneficial to reduce the size of the passivation surface, thereby improving the sharpness of the cutting edge 13.
无论采用何种形式的钝化手段，根据本发明的实施方式，随着切刃13的延伸方向，钝化面具有第一部位和比第一部位位于外周侧的第二部位，第二部位的宽度大于第一部位的宽度。No matter what form of passivation means is used, according to the embodiment of the present invention, with the extending direction of the cutting edge 13, the passivation surface has a first part and a second part located on the outer peripheral side than the first part. The width is greater than the width of the first part.
可以理解的是，上述第一部位和第二部位在切刃13延伸方向上并不代表固定位置，可以动态选取。基于该第一部位和第二部位的宽度关系可以推知，在切刃13上，靠近中心侧位置处的钝化面宽度小于靠近外周侧位置处的钝化面宽度。It is understandable that the above-mentioned first part and second part do not represent fixed positions in the extending direction of the cutting edge 13 and can be selected dynamically. Based on the width relationship between the first part and the second part, it can be inferred that on the cutting edge 13, the width of the passivation surface near the center side is smaller than the width of the passivation surface near the outer periphery side.
换言之，靠近中心侧位置处的切刃13较为锋利，而靠近外周侧位置处的切刃13则较 钝。从而，切刃13更靠近中心侧的部分可以更方便地切入工件，具有更好的吃刀性，在加工时具有较低的切削抵抗，利于切削速度较小的靠近中心侧的这部分切刃13能更平稳顺畅地进行切削，从而改善工件表面质量。而更靠近外周侧的第二部位具有较大的宽度，使得切刃13更靠近外周侧的部分的强度更好，更利于其保持切削量和切削速度相对较大的工作状态，提高刀片1的使用寿命。In other words, the cutting edge 13 near the center side is sharper, and the cutting edge 13 near the outer peripheral side is blunt. Therefore, the part of the cutting edge 13 closer to the center side can cut into the workpiece more conveniently, has better tool-grazing, and has lower cutting resistance during processing, which is beneficial to the part of the cutting edge near the center side with a lower cutting speed. 13 can cut more smoothly, thereby improving the surface quality of the workpiece. The second part closer to the outer circumference side has a larger width, which makes the part of the cutting edge 13 closer to the outer circumference side stronger, which is more conducive to maintaining a relatively large cutting amount and cutting speed in the working state, and improving the blade 1 Service life.
其中，切刃13某处钝化面的宽度是指切刃13该处分别与前角面12、后角面111相接的两点之间的距离。Among them, the width of the dull surface of the cutting edge 13 refers to the distance between the two points where the cutting edge 13 meets the rake surface 12 and the rear angle surface 111 respectively.
在图5至图8所示的与切刃13正交的截面上，钝化面的宽度在正面视图(图3所示的视图方向)看可被表示为A。另外，如果从先端视图(图4所示的视图方向)看，该宽度可被表示B。从轴测图(图2所示的视图方向)看，可被表示为S。On the cross-sections orthogonal to the cutting edge 13 shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the width of the passivation surface can be expressed as A in the front view (view direction shown in FIG. 3 ). In addition, if viewed from an apex view (view direction shown in FIG. 4), the width can be denoted as B. From the axonometric view (view direction shown in Figure 2), it can be denoted as S.
其中，与切刃13正交的截面是指：在切刃13某一点处，与切刃13通过该点的切线相垂直的正交平面。Wherein, the cross section orthogonal to the cutting edge 13 refers to an orthogonal plane at a certain point of the cutting edge 13 and perpendicular to the tangent line through which the cutting edge 13 passes through the point.
钝化面的宽度不论采用上述A或B或S来评价，随着切刃13的延伸，上述第一部位与第二部位的宽度大小关系均成立。Regardless of whether the width of the passivation surface is evaluated by the above A, B or S, as the cutting edge 13 extends, the relationship between the width of the first part and the second part is established.
较佳地，钝化面的宽度从第一部位向第二部位逐渐增大。由此，与切刃13的切削速度从第一部位向第二部位逐渐增大的趋势一致，使得切刃13各处的吃刀性更为均匀。Preferably, the width of the passivation surface gradually increases from the first part to the second part. This conforms to the tendency of the cutting speed of the cutting edge 13 to gradually increase from the first part to the second part, so that the cutting edge 13 has a more uniform cutting performance.
在一些实施例中，切刃13在从中心侧向外周侧的整个刃长延伸方向上均具有钝化面，改善切刃13整体的耐崩损性。进一步地，钝化面的宽度从中心侧的端部向外周侧的端部逐渐增加。In some embodiments, the cutting edge 13 has a dull surface in the entire extending direction of the blade length from the central side to the outer peripheral side, so as to improve the chipping resistance of the cutting edge 13 as a whole. Further, the width of the passivation surface gradually increases from the end on the center side to the end on the peripheral side.
其中，钝化面在中心侧的端部具有最小宽度，钝化面在外周侧的端部具有最大宽度，最大宽度＝(1.5～5)×最小宽度。从而，可以获得吃刀性与强度之间的更好的平衡。Among them, the end of the passivation surface on the center side has the smallest width, and the end of the passivation surface on the outer peripheral side has the largest width, the largest width=(1.5-5)×the smallest width. As a result, a better balance between knife performance and strength can be obtained.
在一些实施例中，也可以仅在切刃13延伸长度上的部分位置形成钝化面，例如只在靠近中心侧的部分切刃13上形成钝化面，或者在切刃13经常使用的中间区域的部分切刃13上形成钝化面，等等。In some embodiments, it is also possible to form a passivation surface only at a part of the extended length of the cutting edge 13, for example, only a passivation surface is formed on a part of the cutting edge 13 close to the center side, or in the middle of the cutting edge 13 often used. A passivated surface is formed on part of the cutting edge 13 of the area, and so on.
另外，在一些实施例中，钝化面还可以具有比第一部位位于更靠近中心侧的第三部位，第三部位的宽度和第一部位的宽度相同。In addition, in some embodiments, the passivation surface may also have a third part located closer to the center side than the first part, and the width of the third part is the same as the width of the first part.
此外，钝化面还可以具有比第二部位位于更靠近外周侧的第四部位，第二部位的宽度和第四部位的宽度相同。In addition, the passivation surface may also have a fourth part located closer to the outer circumference side than the second part, and the width of the second part and the width of the fourth part are the same.
也就是说，在切刃13上可以存在钝化面尺寸恒定的部分区域，且这部分钝化面尺寸恒定的区域可以有多个。扩展而言，在切刃13的整个延伸长度上，钝化面宽度逐渐增加的区域和钝化面宽度恒定的区域可以交替地存在于切刃13上。In other words, there may be a partial area with a constant size of the passivation surface on the cutting edge 13, and there may be multiple areas with a constant size of this part of the passivation surface. In terms of expansion, over the entire length of the cutting edge 13, the area where the width of the passivation surface gradually increases and the area where the width of the passivation surface is constant may alternately exist on the cutting edge 13.
参阅图9，在一实施例中，钝化面为圆弧面，沿切刃13延伸方向从中心侧向外周侧的方向依次取E、F、G三个位置，其中，E处切刃13的放射角为20°，F处切刃13的放射角为50°，G处切刃13的放射角为75°。Referring to FIG. 9, in an embodiment, the passivation surface is a circular arc surface, and the three positions of E, F, and G are sequentially taken from the center side to the outer peripheral side along the extending direction of the cutting edge 13, where the cutting edge 13 at E The radiation angle of the cutting edge 13 at F is 20°, the radiation angle of the cutting edge 13 at F is 50°, and the radiation angle of the cutting edge 13 at G is 75°.
放射角是指：取旋转轴L上距离先端距离为切刃13最大加工半径的点C，取C点与 切刃13上任意点的连线在基准面上的投影直线，投影直线与旋转轴L的夹角即为放射角。Radiation angle refers to: take the point C from the tip of the rotation axis L to the maximum processing radius of the cutting edge 13, take the projection line of the connection between point C and any point on the cutting edge 13 on the reference plane, the projection line and the axis of rotation The angle of L is the radiation angle.
对于本实施例所示意的球头立铣刀而言，在图9的视图方向上，点C正好在通孔15的圆心处，而基准面则为刀片1的拘束面14。For the ball end mill shown in this embodiment, in the view direction of FIG. 9, the point C is exactly at the center of the through hole 15, and the reference plane is the restraint surface 14 of the insert 1.
从图10至图12分别示意的这三个位置与切刃13正交的截面上看，钝化面的半径依次为R E、R F、R G，这几处钝化面半径的关系为：R E＜R F＜R G。举例而言，R E可为0.02mm，R F为0.025mm，R G为0.03mm。与此相应的，在中心侧的端部的钝化面半径较佳为0.005mm～0.015mm。而对于切刃13而言，其整个延伸方向上钝化面的半径范围最好在0.005mm～0.05mm之间，以兼顾吃刀性和强度的平衡。 10 schematically in FIG. 12 to FIG. 13 of the three-section perpendicular to the cutting edge position of the point of view, the radius of the surface were a passivation R E, R F, R G , this relationship is radius surface passivation several ：R E ＜R F ＜R G. For example, R E may be 0.02 mm, R F may be 0.025 mm, and R G may be 0.03 mm. Correspondingly, the radius of the passivation surface at the end on the center side is preferably 0.005 mm to 0.015 mm. As for the cutting edge 13, the radius of the blunt surface in the entire extension direction is preferably between 0.005 mm and 0.05 mm, in order to balance the knife-grazing and strength.
对于采用其他钝化手段的钝化面，钝化面的宽度数值范围可参照上述圆弧面半径范围进行合理调整。For the passivation surface adopting other passivation means, the width value range of the passivation surface can be adjusted reasonably with reference to the radius range of the arc surface mentioned above.
图13示意了立铣刀10的加工过程状态。立铣刀10沿水平方向走刀，单刃进给为Fz，W1示意了立铣刀10的刀片1的第一个切刃13切削时的位置，W2示意了刀片1下一个切刃13切削时的位置。FIG. 13 illustrates the state of the machining process of the end mill 10. The end mill 10 moves in the horizontal direction, and the single-edge feed is Fz. W1 indicates the position of the first cutting edge 13 of the insert 1 of the end mill 10 when cutting, and W2 indicates the next cutting edge 13 of the insert 1 is cutting. Time position.
切刃13某一位置实际切到的工件40的厚度为H，由图13可知，H与Fz的关系取决于进刀角度，即切刃13与工件40接触点处切刃13的切线与水平面之间的角度，这一角度也等于切刃13在该位置的放射角。根据三角函数关系可知，H＝Fz×sinθ。The thickness of the workpiece 40 actually cut by the cutting edge 13 at a certain position is H. It can be seen from Figure 13 that the relationship between H and Fz depends on the feed angle, that is, the tangent line and the horizontal plane of the cutting edge 13 at the contact point of the cutting edge 13 and the workpiece 40 This angle is also equal to the radiation angle of the cutting edge 13 at this position. According to the trigonometric function relationship, H=Fz×sinθ.
图14示意了立铣刀10加工时，刀片1的切刃13与工件40接触时的剖面结构。在切削时，切刃13和前角面12共同作用于工件40上，对工件40进行切削，切削厚度即为图13所示意的H。而其中，切刃13钝化面与工件40接触的宽度为A(参照图5至图8的示意)。FIG. 14 illustrates the cross-sectional structure of the cutting edge 13 of the insert 1 in contact with the workpiece 40 when the end mill 10 is processed. During cutting, the cutting edge 13 and the rake surface 12 act together on the workpiece 40 to cut the workpiece 40, and the cutting thickness is H as shown in FIG. 13. Wherein, the width of the passivation surface of the cutting edge 13 in contact with the workpiece 40 is A (refer to the schematic diagrams of FIGS. 5 to 8 ).
在不同进刀角度θ、不同进给Fz、不同钝化面宽度A的条件下，具有下述关系表。Under the conditions of different feed angle θ, different feed Fz, and different passivation surface width A, the following relationship table is available.
Figure PCTCN2021081871-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021081871-appb-000001
根据刀片1与工件40接触的形状上看，处在钝化面宽度A范围内的切削抵抗决定于钝化面的结构，此范围内，切刃13的钝化面相当于一个极小前角(绝对值大的负前角) 的作用，切削抵抗较大，而且切刃13的吃刀性很差。在钝化面以外的范围，前角面12与工件40接触，切削抵抗取决于前角面12，此范围内相对而言具有较大的前角，切削抵抗相对较小，吃刀性相对更好。According to the shape of the contact between the blade 1 and the workpiece 40, the cutting resistance within the width A of the passivation surface is determined by the structure of the passivation surface. In this range, the passivation surface of the cutting edge 13 is equivalent to a very small rake angle (Negative rake angle with a large absolute value), the cutting resistance is relatively large, and the cutting edge 13 has a poor grip. In the range other than the blunt surface, the rake surface 12 is in contact with the workpiece 40, and the cutting resistance depends on the rake surface 12. In this range, the rake angle is relatively large, the cutting resistance is relatively small, and the tool biting performance is relatively higher. good.
综合来看，A/H值越小，则吃刀性更好，且切削抵抗越低。A/H越大，钝化面部分影响加大，切刃13的吃刀性变差，切削抵抗变大，容易导致工件40表面出现刮痕，影响工件表面质量。On the whole, the smaller the A/H value, the better the tool-grazing performance and the lower the cutting resistance. The greater the A/H, the greater the influence of the passivation surface, the poorer the cutting edge 13 and the greater the cutting resistance, which will easily cause scratches on the surface of the workpiece 40 and affect the surface quality of the workpiece.
根据上表的数据，在同等单刃进给Fz和同等钝化面宽度A的条件下，对比进刀角度θ为20°和进刀角度θ为47°的两个位置，在相对更靠近中心侧的θ为20°的位置处，A/H更大，说明越靠近中心侧的切刃13的吃刀性会更差。而在切刃13的同一位置，具有同样的钝化面宽度A和同样的进刀角度θ，单刃进给Fz越小时，A/H越大，说明在单刃进给较小时，吃刀性也会更差，钝化面的影响也就越大。在进刀角度较小以及进给较小的加工条件下，减小切刃13的钝化面宽度对于改善吃刀性具有更大的意义。According to the data in the above table, under the conditions of the same single-edge feed Fz and the same passivation surface width A, compare the two positions where the feed angle θ is 20° and the feed angle θ is 47°, which are relatively closer to the center At the position where θ on the side is 20°, the A/H is larger, which means that the cutting edge 13 closer to the center side has worse tool-grazing performance. At the same position of the cutting edge 13, with the same blunt surface width A and the same feed angle θ, the smaller the single-edge feed Fz, the larger the A/H, which means that when the single-edge feed is smaller, the knife will be attacked. The performance will be worse, and the influence of the passivation surface will be greater. Under the processing conditions where the feed angle is small and the feed is small, reducing the width of the dull surface of the cutting edge 13 is of greater significance for improving the tool-grabbing performance.
结合本发明的上述方案，对于靠近中心侧的第一部位，钝化面具有相对较小的宽度，从而可以减小A/H值，有效改善中心侧部位的吃刀性，提高工件表面加工质量，特别适应于小进刀角度、低进给的情形。In combination with the above-mentioned solution of the present invention, for the first part close to the center side, the passivation surface has a relatively small width, which can reduce the A/H value, effectively improve the tool-grabbing performance of the center side part, and improve the surface processing quality of the workpiece , Especially suitable for the situation of small feed angle and low feed.
而对于靠近外周侧的第二部位，切刃13的切削速度和切削量均相对更大，此时切削抵抗主要由前角面12决定，适当增大钝化面的宽度对切削抵抗的影响不大，反而能增加切刃13的强度，更契合于切刃13的工作条件需求。For the second part close to the outer periphery, the cutting speed and cutting amount of the cutting edge 13 are relatively larger. At this time, the cutting resistance is mainly determined by the rake surface 12. Appropriately increasing the width of the passivation surface has no effect on the cutting resistance. Larger, it can increase the strength of the cutting edge 13, which is more in line with the working conditions of the cutting edge 13.
参阅图15至图17，在其他一些实施例中，本发明的立铣刀还可以是圆弧立铣刀，刀片的切刃呈平面曲线状。Referring to FIGS. 15 to 17, in some other embodiments, the end mill of the present invention may also be a circular arc end mill, and the cutting edge of the blade is in the shape of a plane curve.
图15所示为圆弧角型立铣刀的刀片1a，刀片1a的角部设有呈圆弧状的切刃13a。图16所示的立铣刀刀片1b中，切刃13b包括靠近中心侧的圆弧段和从圆弧段的后端向后往外周侧延伸的直线段。图17所示的立铣刀刀片1c中，切刃13c包括圆滑相接的半径不一致的多段圆弧。Fig. 15 shows the insert 1a of the arc-angle type end mill. The corner of the insert 1a is provided with a cutting edge 13a in the shape of an arc. In the end mill insert 1b shown in FIG. 16, the cutting edge 13b includes a circular arc section close to the center side and a straight line section extending from the rear end of the circular arc section to the outer peripheral side. In the end mill insert 1c shown in FIG. 17, the cutting edge 13c includes a plurality of circular arcs with inconsistent radii that are smoothly connected.
上述各立铣刀的刀片中，切刃具有不同的延伸形状，并且也不限于在此例举的几种形状，但总体而言，切刃均是在远离前端的方向上从中心侧向外周侧延伸。在这些切刃上，同样可参照上述球头立铣刀刀片的方式设置钝化面以及按上述变化规律设置钝化面的宽度，以改善切刃中心侧的吃刀性，从而提高工件表面加工质量。此处不再一一详细介绍。In the inserts of the above-mentioned end mills, the cutting edge has different extension shapes, and it is not limited to the several shapes exemplified here, but in general, the cutting edge is from the center side to the outer periphery in the direction away from the front end. Side extension. On these cutting edges, the passivation surface can also be set according to the method of the ball end mill blade and the width of the passivation surface can be set according to the above-mentioned change rule to improve the sharpness of the center side of the cutting edge, thereby improving the surface processing of the workpiece. quality. I will not introduce them in detail here.
虽然已参照几个典型实施方式描述了本发明，但应当理解，所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本发明能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质，所以应当理解，所述实施方式不限于任何前述的细节，而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释，因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few typical embodiments, it should be understood that the terms used are illustrative and exemplary rather than restrictive. Since the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the invention, it should be understood that the implementation manners are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Interpretation, therefore, all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents shall be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种立铣刀的刀片，其沿着旋转轴从后端向前端延伸，包括：A blade of an end mill, which extends from a rear end to a front end along a rotation axis, and includes:
    位于所述刀片的前端侧，并且有后角面的端面；It is located on the front end side of the blade and has an end face with a rear corner surface;
    对应位于所述后角面的旋转方向的前方的前角面；及Corresponding to the front corner surface located in front of the rotation direction of the rear corner surface; and
    位于所述后角面和所述前角面之间，并且有钝化面的切刃；Located between the rear corner surface and the front corner surface, and has a cutting edge with a dull surface;
    所述切刃随着远离所述前端侧从所述旋转轴的中心侧向所述刀片的外周侧延伸；The cutting edge extends from the center side of the rotating shaft to the outer peripheral side of the blade as it moves away from the front end side;
    所述钝化面具有第一部位和比所述第一部位更靠近外周侧的第二部位；The passivation surface has a first part and a second part closer to the outer periphery than the first part;
    所述第二部位的宽度大于第一部位的宽度。The width of the second part is greater than the width of the first part.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述钝化面的宽度从所述第一部位向所述第二部位逐渐增大。The blade according to claim 1, wherein the width of the passivation surface gradually increases from the first part to the second part.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述钝化面的宽度从所述中心侧的端部向所述外周侧的端部逐渐增加。The blade according to claim 2, wherein the width of the blunt surface gradually increases from the end on the central side to the end on the outer peripheral side.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述钝化面在所述中心侧的端部具有最小宽度，所述钝化面在所述外周侧的端部具有最大宽度，最大宽度＝(1.5～5)×最小宽度。The blade according to claim 3, wherein the end of the passivation surface on the central side has a minimum width, and the end of the passivation surface on the outer peripheral side has a maximum width, and the maximum width= (1.5～5)×Minimum width.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述钝化面还具有比所述第一部位位于更靠近所述中心侧的第三部位，所述第三部位的宽度和第一部位的宽度相同。The blade according to claim 1, wherein the passivation surface further has a third part located closer to the center side than the first part, the width of the third part and the width of the first part The width is the same.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述钝化面还具有比所述第二部位位于更靠近所述外周侧的第四部位，所述第二部位的宽度和第四部位的宽度相同。The blade according to claim 1, wherein the blunt surface further has a fourth part located closer to the outer periphery than the second part, the width of the second part and the width of the fourth part The width is the same.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述钝化面呈平面或凸曲面。The blade according to claim 1, wherein the passivation surface is a flat surface or a convex curved surface.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述刀片的表面具有涂层，所述涂层上形成所述钝化面。The blade according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the blade has a coating, and the passivation surface is formed on the coating.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于，所述切刃呈平面曲线或空间曲线状。The blade according to claim 1, wherein the cutting edge is in the shape of a plane curve or a space curve.
  10. 一种立铣刀，包括沿旋转轴前后延伸的刀柄和位于所述刀柄前端的如权利要求1-9任一项所述的刀片，所述刀片可拆卸地安装于所述刀柄上，或者所述刀片与所述刀柄为一体结构。An end mill, comprising a handle extending back and forth along a rotating shaft and the blade according to any one of claims 1-9 at the front end of the handle, the blade being detachably mounted on the handle , Or the blade and the handle are an integral structure.
PCT/CN2021/081871 2020-03-27 2021-03-19 End mill and blade thereof WO2021190418A1 (en)

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