WO2021179334A1 - 多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法 - Google Patents

多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法 Download PDF

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WO2021179334A1
WO2021179334A1 PCT/CN2020/079419 CN2020079419W WO2021179334A1 WO 2021179334 A1 WO2021179334 A1 WO 2021179334A1 CN 2020079419 W CN2020079419 W CN 2020079419W WO 2021179334 A1 WO2021179334 A1 WO 2021179334A1
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sample
fracturing
drainage
coal
pressure
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PCT/CN2020/079419
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王刚
刘义鑫
倪冠华
孙路路
刘震
于岩斌
秦相杰
刘志远
韩冬阳
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山东科技大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
    • G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of coal seam mining simulation test methods, and specifically relates to a simulation test method for fracturing and extracting a composite coal roof under true three-dimensional stress.
  • the combined mining of multiple coal seams has become a development trend.
  • the upper coal seam is wetted while the upper coal seam is wetted and the upper coal seam has the effect of depressurization and permeability enhancement, so that the inner part of the upper coal seam is produced.
  • the fissures are conducive to the analysis of internal gas, improve the extraction efficiency, and enhance the safety of coal seam mining.
  • the present invention intends to provide a multi-coal joint fracturing, pressure relief, and drainage integrated test method, which is used to study the best technical parameters of multi-coal joint mining under true triaxial high stress, and to scientifically select relevant processes in engineering practice The parameters provide a scientific basis.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an integrated test method for combined fracturing, pressure relief, and drainage of multiple coal seams, which includes the following steps:
  • the sample is coated with high-strength epoxy resin adhesive to compactly fit the top and bottom of the sandstone sample.
  • the central blind hole at the top is used as a drainage hole, and the central blind hole at the bottom is used as a fracturing hole;
  • Step 2 The sample is installed on the test device of the true triaxial test
  • the true three-axis test device includes a host, a host support component, a slide rail, a slide rail support component, and a servo cylinder.
  • the lower part extends forward and backward, and after passing through the mainframe, it is supported on the ground by the sliding rail support assembly.
  • the mainframe includes a cast-shaped integral ring frame.
  • the outer side is equipped with a cover plate.
  • the integral ring frame and cover plate enclose the main body shell.
  • the inner cavity of the main body is used to place the composite coal and rock samples.
  • Each is equipped with sample pads, and a sample moving bracket that can move forward and backward on the slide rail is set under the sample pad on the lower side; the servo cylinders on the front and rear sides are both set to move forward and backward on the slide rail.
  • the cylinder moving bracket, the cover plate can move together with the servo cylinders on the corresponding side.
  • the servo cylinders on the upper, lower, left, and right sides are fixed on the corresponding sides of the integral ring frame, and the front end of the piston rod of the servo cylinder is provided with a load sensor at the center position , A pressure head is installed after the front end of the load sensor passes through the main casing;
  • a suction pipe facing the extraction hole is fixed under the upper pressure head, and a fracturing pipe facing the fracturing hole is fixed above the lower pressure head, and the outer walls of the suction pipe and the fracturing pipe are evenly coated
  • silicone rubber first install the sample gasket on the lower indenter and insert the fracturing tube into the fracturing hole to bond and seal, and then control the upper indenter to move down so that the upper indenter is in contact with the upper surface of the sample gasket.
  • the extraction tube is inserted into the extraction hole to be glued and sealed, and finally the front, back, left and right four indenters are controlled to move so that the corresponding indenters are attached to the corresponding surfaces of the sample gasket;
  • Step 3 Apply triaxial stress
  • Step 5 Gas drainage for the first time
  • Step Six Fracture of the lower coal seam
  • step 4 then open the fracturing hole for high-pressure water injection to allow high-pressure water to enter the lower coal sample for hydraulic fracturing. After the water pressure is reduced by 50%, close the fracturing hole to stop fracturing, and record the front and back of the process , Left, right, upper and lower six pressure head pressure and displacement changes;
  • Step 7 Secondary gas drainage
  • Step Nine organize the test data.
  • the composite coal and rock sample is a cube
  • the size of the composite coal and rock sample is 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ 200mm
  • the size of the raw coal sample is 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ 70mm
  • the size of the sandstone sample is 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ 60mm .
  • suction hole and the fracturing hole are equal in size, with a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 40 mm; the length of the suction pipe and the fracturing pipe is 30 mm.
  • the new true triaxial test test device is adopted. Compared with the traditional cavity structure enclosed by the inner and outer frames, the main body of the test device is only provided with a cast-shaped integral ring frame.
  • the sample spacer block encloses a sample gasket to contain the sample, thereby omitting the separate pressure-resistant cavity formed between the traditional inner and outer layers.
  • the indenter directly touches the sample pad on the corresponding side after passing through the main chassis. On the block, it can free up more space to arrange the overall ring frame with larger size and thickness, so that the cavity can withstand greater pressure and can meet the simulation test of more complex environments;
  • the servo cylinder directly exerts force on each surface of the sample without passing through the pressure chamber.
  • dynamic sealing needs to be considered, thus simplifying the structure and reducing The cost and reliability are higher.
  • the traditional inner frame is thinner than the outer frame, the inner frame is prone to expansion and deformation when the pressure is high, which further affects the sealing between the inner frame and the servo cylinder;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the true triaxial test device used in the present invention (including two states of sample loading and removal).
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the host and the host supporting assembly in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a sample gasket surrounded by six sample gaskets.
  • Fig. 4 is a front view of the cross-sectional state of Fig. 3.
  • Figure 5 shows the state after the edge seal of the sample pad is cured with silicone rubber.
  • An integrated test method for combined fracturing, pressure relief, and drainage of multiple coal seams including the following steps:
  • the sandstone sample Place the sandstone sample in the middle, and evenly apply high-strength epoxy resin adhesive on its upper and lower surfaces. In addition, apply high-strength epoxy resin evenly on the opposite sides of the two raw coal samples with the central blind hole, and then apply the raw coal separately.
  • the sample is coated with high-strength epoxy resin adhesive to compactly fit the top and bottom of the sandstone sample.
  • the central blind hole at the top is used as the drainage hole 15, and the central blind hole at the bottom is used as the fracturing hole 16.
  • the composite coal and rock sample is a cube
  • the size of the composite coal and rock sample is 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ 200mm, among which the size of the raw coal sample is 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ 700mm
  • the size of the sandstone sample is 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ 60mm.
  • the mining hole 15 and the fracturing hole 16 are equal in size, with a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 40 mm, but they are not limited to this.
  • Step 2 The sample is installed on the test device of the true triaxial test
  • the true three-axis test device is mainly composed of the main engine A, the main engine support component B, the slide rail C, the slide rail support component D and the servo cylinder E.
  • the host A is supported on the ground by the host support assembly B, and six sets of servo cylinders E are arranged in the up and down, left and right, and front and rear directions outside the host A (namely, the three directions of XYZ).
  • the slide rail C extends forward and backward below the host A, and the slide rail C passes through the host A and is supported on the ground by the slide rail support assembly D.
  • the integral annular frame 1 is formed by casting.
  • the integral annular frame 1 has holes on the front and rear sides, and a cover plate 2 is provided on the outside of each hole position.
  • the integral ring frame 1 and the two cover plates 2 jointly enclose the main frame.
  • the internal cavity of the main engine is used to place the composite coal and rock sample 3.
  • the upper, lower, left, right, front and rear sides of the composite coal and rock sample 3 are equipped with sample pads 4, and a total of six sample pads are required. 4.
  • a sample moving bracket 5 that can move back and forth on the slide rail C is provided under the sample pad 4 on the lower side.
  • the front and rear servo cylinders E are arranged outside the cover plate 2 on the corresponding side, and the front and rear servo cylinders E are equipped with cylinder moving brackets 6 that can move back and forth on the slide rail C.
  • the cover plate 2 can follow the corresponding side Servo cylinder E moves together.
  • the servo cylinders E on the upper, lower, left and right sides are arranged outside the corresponding sides of the integral ring frame.
  • a load sensor 8 is provided at the center of the front end of the piston rod 7 of the servo cylinder E, and the load sensor 8 is preferably embedded in installation.
  • the front end of the load sensor 8 is provided with an indenter 9, and the front end of the load sensor 8 passes through the main casing and is installed with an indenter 9.
  • the indenter 9 directly abuts the sample pad 4 on the corresponding side.
  • the servo cylinder E is provided with a cylinder displacement sensor 10, the upper, lower, left and right sides of the servo cylinders E are fixedly installed on the integral ring frame 1 through the end cover 11, and the front and rear servo cylinders E are fixedly installed on the integral ring through the cover plate 2.
  • the piston rods 7 are provided with bushings at the positions where the piston rods 7 pass through the main casing to ensure the airtightness of the inner cavity of the main body.
  • the sample deformation displacement sensor 12 is provided in pairs, and the sample deformation displacement sensor 12 is installed on the sample through the extension rod 13 of the displacement sensor. Outside the edge of the cushion block 4, and a pair of sample deformation displacement sensors 12 in the same direction are arranged diagonally staggered, which can realize the measurement of unbalanced and uneven deformation under true triaxial conditions.
  • the control high-pressure valve in the electro-hydraulic servo booster is greater than the pressure of the highest output of the booster, in order to ensure high reliability and long service life.
  • the hydraulic pressure source is also equipped with an axial piston pump hydraulic pressure source, and the hydraulic pressure source has high and low pressure conversion, which is convenient for the smooth switching of high and low pressure during the test.
  • a suction pipe facing the extraction hole 15 is fixedly arranged below the upper pressure head 9, and a fracturing pipe facing the fracturing hole 16 is fixed above the lower pressure head 9, respectively.
  • Spread the silicone rubber uniformly first install the sample gasket on the lower indenter 9 and insert the fracturing tube into the fracturing hole 16 for adhesion and sealing, and then control the upper indenter 9 to move down so that the upper indenter 9 is sealed with the sample While the upper surface of the pad is attached, the extraction tube is inserted into the extraction hole 15 to be glued and sealed. Finally, the four indenters 9 in the front, rear, left and right are controlled to move so that the corresponding indenters 9 are attached to the sample gasket. The corresponding surface.
  • the length of the extraction pipe and the fracturing pipe are 30 mm, and the outer ends of the extraction hole 15 and the fracturing hole 16 are equipped with a universal sealing joint 17.
  • Step 3 Apply triaxial stress
  • the stress is applied to the composite coal and rock sample to a predetermined value through the six indenters 9 at the front, rear, left, right, upper and lower sides.
  • Gas is injected into the composite coal and rock sample simultaneously through the extraction hole 15 and the fracturing hole 16, so that the gas pressure reaches a predetermined value and remains stable for 24 ⁇ 4 hours.
  • Step 5 Gas drainage for the first time
  • Step Six Fracture of the lower coal seam
  • step 4 then open the fracturing hole 16 for high-pressure water injection, so that high-pressure water enters the lower raw coal sample for hydraulic fracturing. After the water pressure is reduced by 50%, close the fracturing hole 16 to stop fracturing, and record the previous , Back, left, right, up and down six pressure head pressure and displacement changes.
  • Step 7 Secondary gas drainage
  • Step Nine organize the test data.
  • the following table shows the recorded data during the test.

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Abstract

一种多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，包括复合煤岩试样（3）准备，将砂岩试样放在两个原煤试样中间，构成带压裂孔（16）和抽采孔（15）的复合煤岩试样；试样在真三轴试验测试装置上安装；施加三轴应力；加瓦斯压力；瓦斯首次抽采；下煤层压裂；瓦斯二次抽采等共九个步骤。该试验方法通过将复合煤岩试样置于真三轴试验测试装置中，并结合首次抽采、压裂、二次抽采的有效控制，再现多煤层联合开采技术参数的设置对瓦斯抽采效率的影响。

Description

多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法 技术领域
本发明属于煤层开采模拟试验方法技术领域，具体涉及一种真三维应力下进行复合煤岩顶板压裂抽采的模拟试验方法。
背景技术
随着开采深度的增加，原岩应力呈现由浅部的构造应力转变为深部的两向或三向等应力状态。深部地应力增加，且围岩的力学性能呈现非线性变化，易诱发冲击地压、矿震与瓦斯能量相互变化。同时，煤层孔隙率随着地应力的增大而减小，因此，高地应力作用下的煤岩体孔隙率更低。高地应力不仅增大了吸附状态的煤层气解吸难度，而且使释放为游离状态的煤层气通道更为窄小，即深部高地应力导致煤层气抽采难度增加。在实际生产过程中，由于深部煤层气抽采难度较大、抽采时间较长，尤其是渗透性较差的煤层群采用单一抽采方法难以满足生产需要。
针对深部高应力低渗透煤层，多煤层联合开采已成为发展趋势，通过对深部煤层先进行水力压裂，在润湿本煤层的同时对其上部煤层产生卸压增透效果，使上部煤层内部产生裂隙，有利于其内部瓦斯解析，提高抽采效率，增强煤层开采安全性。
目前，该方面研究多集中于利用穿层钻孔进行多煤层抽采，在多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化方面研究较少，通过室内试验与理论研究更是鲜 有报道。
发明内容
本发明拟提供一种多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，用于研究真三轴高应力作用下多煤层联合开采的最佳技术参数，为工程实践中科学选择相关工艺参数提供科学依据。
为此，本发明所采用的技术方案为：一种多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、试样制备；
(1)、两件原煤试样制备；
选取两块原煤块分别进行切割打磨，使其断面平整度在±0.02mm以内，在原煤试样其中一个面上打中心盲孔，在105±15°温度下烘干24±4小时后，冷却至常温备用；
(2)、砂岩试样制备；
选取砂岩块进行切割打磨，使其断面平整度在±0.02mm以内，在105±15°温度下烘干24±4小时后，冷却至常温备用；
(3)、复合煤岩试样制备；
将砂岩试样放在中间，并在其上下表面均匀涂抹高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂，另外分别在两个原煤试样打中心盲孔的相对面均匀涂抹高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂，然后分别将原煤试样涂有高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂与砂岩试样上下面进行压实贴合，其中位于顶部的中心盲孔作为抽采孔，位于底部的中心盲孔作为压裂孔；
步骤二、试样在真三轴试验测试装置上安装；
所述真三轴试验测试装置包括主机、主机支撑组件、滑轨、滑轨支撑组件和伺服油缸，六套所述伺服油缸布置在主机外的上下、左右、前后方向，所述滑轨在主机下方前后延伸设置，且穿过主机后通过滑轨支撑组件支撑在地面上，所述主机包括铸造成型的整体环形框架，所述整体环形框架的前后两侧开孔，并在每个开孔位置外侧配备有盖板，所述整体环形框架和盖板围成主机壳，主机内腔用于放置复合煤岩试样，复合煤岩试样的上、下、左、右、前、后侧外分别配备有试样垫块，位于下侧的所述试样垫块下方设置有能在滑轨上前后移动的试样移动支架；前后侧的伺服油缸下方均设置有能在滑轨上前后移动的油缸移动支架，所述盖板能随着对应侧的伺服油缸一起移动，上下左右侧的伺服油缸固设在整体环形框架的对应侧外，伺服油缸的活塞杆前端居中位置处设置有载荷传感器，所述载荷传感器的前端穿过主机壳后安装有压头；
将复合煤岩试样放入六块试样垫块围成的腔体内并通过快锁组合安装后再结合试样垫块接缝处的棱边密封胶密封成一个试样密封垫，从而将复合煤岩试样密封其中；所述棱边密封胶采用在需要密封的棱边刷涂液态硅橡胶，待硅橡胶固化后便能实现试样垫块之间的密封；
所述上压头的下方固设有正对抽采孔的抽采管，下压头的上方固设有正对压裂孔的压裂管，在抽采管、压裂管外壁分别均匀涂抹硅橡胶，首先将试样密封垫安装在下压头上并使压裂管***压裂孔内粘合密封，再控制上压头下移，使上压头与试样密封垫上表面贴合的同时抽采管***抽采孔内粘合密封，最后分别控制前、后、左、右四个压头移动，使对应的压头分别贴合到试样密封垫的对应表面；
步骤三、施加三轴应力；
通过前、后、左、右、上、下六个压头对复合煤岩试样施加应力至预定值；
步骤四、加瓦斯压力；
通过抽采孔、压裂孔同时向复合煤岩试样注瓦斯，使瓦斯压力达到预定值并保持稳定24±4小时；
步骤五、瓦斯首次抽采；
关闭压裂孔，打开抽采孔，记录瓦斯流量变化与各压头压力与位移变化，直至瓦斯抽采结束；
步骤六、下煤层压裂；
重复步骤四，再打开压裂孔进行高压注水，使高压水进入对下部原煤试样进行水力压裂，待水压降低50％后，关闭压裂孔停止压裂，记录该过程中前、后、左、右、上、下六个压头的压力与位移变化；
步骤七、瓦斯二次抽采；
打开抽采孔进行瓦斯抽采，记录其瓦斯流量变化以及各向压头压力与位移变化；
步骤八、同组其它试验；
更换复合煤岩试样，改变原煤试验和砂岩试样的厚度，或者改变岩样、三轴压力、瓦斯压力，重复步骤一至步骤七；
步骤九、整理试验数据。
作为上述方案的优选，所述复合煤岩试样为正方体，复合煤岩试样尺寸为200×200×200mm，原煤试样尺寸为200×200×70mm，砂岩试样尺寸为200 ×200×60mm。
进一步优选为，所述抽采孔、压裂孔大小相等，直径为10mm，深度为40mm；抽采管、压裂管的长度为30mm。
进一步优选为，所述抽采孔、压裂孔的外侧端安装有万向密封接头。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)采用新的真三轴试验测试装置，相比传统的内外层框架围成的腔体结构，本测试装置主机上仅设置铸造成型的整体环形框架，由设置在试样外的六个试样垫块围成一个试样密封垫用于容纳试样，从而省略了传统内外层之间形成的单独的耐压腔体，压头穿过主机壳后直接抵在对应侧的试样垫块上，能腾出更多的空间布置尺寸、厚度更大的整体环形框架，因此使得腔体能承受的压力更大，能满足更复杂环境的模拟测试试验；
(2)由于省略了内层框架，伺服油缸直接施加力于试样各面，不需要穿过耐压腔体，伺服油缸穿过耐压腔体还需要考虑动密封，因此简化了结构，降低了成本，且可靠性更高；同时由于传统的内层框架相比外层框架更薄，压力较大时内层框架易产生膨胀变形，进一步影响内框架与伺服油缸之间的密封性；
(3)本测试装置中压头和试样垫块分离设计，对试样垫块连接处涂液态硅橡胶固化后密封，使得注入流体不会渗到外部区域；
(4)整体环形框架的前后两侧开孔，并在每个开孔位置外侧配备有盖板，共同围成主机壳，对于试样前侧零部件的安装更加方便；而传统结构仅在后侧开孔配备盖板，前侧零部件需要检修或装拆试样，需要通过试样移动支架将试样移出整体环形框架，非常麻烦；
(5)将砂岩试样放在两个原煤试样中间，构成带压裂孔和抽采孔的复合煤岩试样，置于真三轴试验测试装置中进行多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，并结合首次抽采、压裂、二次抽采的有效控制，能真实再现多煤层联合开采，技术参数的设置对瓦斯抽采效率的影响，为工程实践中科学选择相关工艺参数提供科学依据。
附图说明
图1为本发明所采用的真三轴试验测试装置的结构示意图(含试样装入和取出两种状态)。
图2为图1中主机和主机支撑组件的左视图。
图3为六块试样垫块围成的试样密封垫的立体图。
图4为图3的剖视状态的正视图。
图5为试样垫块棱边密封采用硅橡胶固化后的状态。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步说明：
一种多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、试样制备；
(1)、两件原煤试样制备；
选取两块原煤块分别进行切割打磨，使其断面平整度在±0.02mm以内，在原煤试样其中一个面上打中心盲孔，在105±15°温度下烘干24±4小时后，冷却至常温备用。
(2)、砂岩试样制备；
选取砂岩块进行切割打磨，使其断面平整度在±0.02mm以内，在105± 15°温度下烘干24±4小时后，冷却至常温备用。
(3)、复合煤岩试样制备；
将砂岩试样放在中间，并在其上下表面均匀涂抹高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂，另外分别在两个原煤试样打中心盲孔的相对面均匀涂抹高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂，然后分别将原煤试样涂有高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂与砂岩试样上下面进行压实贴合，其中位于顶部的中心盲孔作为抽采孔15，位于底部的中心盲孔作为压裂孔16。
最好是，复合煤岩试样为正方体，复合煤岩试样尺寸为200×200×200mm，其中，原煤试样尺寸为200×200×700mm，砂岩试样尺寸为200×200×60mm，抽采孔15、压裂孔16大小相等，直径为10mm，深度为40mm，但不限于此。
步骤二、试样在真三轴试验测试装置上安装；
如图1—图4所示，真三轴试验测试装置主要由主机A、主机支撑组件B、滑轨C、滑轨支撑组件D和伺服油缸E组成。主机A通过主机支撑组件B支撑在地面上，六套伺服油缸E布置在主机A外的上下、左右、前后方向(即XYZ三个方向)。滑轨C在主机A下方前后延伸设置，且滑轨C穿过主机A后通过滑轨支撑组件D支撑在地面上。
整体环形框架1采用铸造成型，整体环形框架1的前后两侧开孔，并在每个开孔位置外侧配备有盖板2。整体环形框架1和两个盖板2共同围成主机壳。主机内腔用于放置复合煤岩试样3，复合煤岩试样3的上、下、左、右、前、后侧外分别配备有试样垫块4，共需六个试样垫块4。位于下侧的试样垫块4下方设置有能在滑轨C上前后移动的试样移动支架5。
前后侧的伺服油缸E设置在对应侧的盖板2外，且前后侧的伺服油缸E下均设置有能在滑轨C上前后移动的油缸移动支架6，盖板2能随着对应侧的伺服油缸E一起移动。上下左右侧的伺服油缸E设置在整体环形框架对应侧外。
伺服油缸E的活塞杆7前端居中位置处设置有载荷传感器8，载荷传感器8最好采用嵌入安装。载荷传感器8的前端设置有压头9，载荷传感器8的前端穿过主机壳后安装有压头9。对复合煤岩试样3加载时，压头9直接抵在对应侧的试样垫块4上。在进行试验前，将试样垫块4安装在复合煤岩试样3外，再在试样垫块4连接处进行密封，完成密封后，将复合煤岩试样3放置在试样移动支架5上，并将试样移动支架5及后侧的油缸移动支架6依次推入到主机内腔内并固定，使所有压头9均直接抵在对应侧的试样垫块4之后再进行试验。
将复合煤岩试样放入六块试样垫块4围成的腔体内并通过快锁14组合安装后，再结合试样垫块4接缝处的棱边密封胶密封成一个试样密封垫，从而将复合煤岩试样3密封其中；棱边密封胶采用在需要密封的棱边刷涂液态硅橡胶，待硅橡胶固化后便能实现试样垫块4之间的密封(如图5所示)。在硅橡胶固化后实现预密封，在试验时，通过主机内腔的围压，使硅橡胶紧贴试样，不仅能实现试样垫块4相邻表面之间的密封，还能减弱棱边处的边界效应。最好是，伺服油缸E内设置有油缸位移传感器10，上下左右侧的伺服油缸E通过端盖11固定安装在整体环形框架1上，前后侧的伺服油缸E通过盖板2固定安装在整体环形框架1上，所有活塞杆7穿过主机壳的位置处均设置有衬套，以保证主机内腔的密封性。
最好是，在六个试样垫块4围成的密封腔外的XYZ方向上，成对配备有试样变形位移传感器12，试样变形位移传感器12通过位移传感器加长杆13安装在试样垫块4的棱边外，且同一方向上的一对试样变形位移传感器12呈对角错开设置，能实现真三轴条件下不平衡不均匀变形的测量。
最好是，还配备有两套电液伺服增压器，分别为主机内腔提供围压、为试样提供注水压或渗透压，让围压、注水压或渗透压分别控制，可完成复杂的试验条件。电液伺服增压器内的控制高压阀门的工作压力大于增压最高输出的压力，为了保证工作的高可靠性和长使用寿命。
最好是，还配备有轴向柱塞泵液压源，且液压源带高低压转换，便于试验时，高低压的顺利切换。
先将复合煤岩试样装入六块试样垫块4围成的试样密封垫内，再在棱边刷涂液态硅橡胶，待硅橡胶固化后，通过试样移动支架5将试样推入到主机内腔中，最后通过油缸移动支架6将前后侧的盖板2安装在整体环形框架1上，安装时保证主机内腔的密封，之后开始试验。
上压头9的下方固设有正对抽采孔15的抽采管，下压头9的上方固设有正对压裂孔16的压裂管，在抽采管、压裂管外壁分别均匀涂抹硅橡胶，首先将试样密封垫安装在下压头9上并使压裂管***压裂孔16内粘合密封，再控制上压头9下移，使上压头9与试样密封垫上表面贴合的同时抽采管***抽采孔15内粘合密封，最后分别控制前、后、左、右四个压头9移动，使对应的压头9分别贴合到试样密封垫的对应表面。
最好是，抽采管、压裂管的长度为30mm，抽采孔15、压裂孔16的外侧端安装有万向密封接头17。
步骤三、施加三轴应力；
通过前、后、左、右、上、下六个压头9对复合煤岩试样施加应力至预定值。
步骤四、加瓦斯压力；
通过抽采孔15、压裂孔16同时向复合煤岩试样注瓦斯，使瓦斯压力达到预定值并保持稳定24±4小时。
步骤五、瓦斯首次抽采；
关闭压裂孔16，打开抽采孔15，记录瓦斯流量变化与各压头压力与位移变化，直至瓦斯抽采结束。
步骤六、下煤层压裂；
重复步骤四，再打开压裂孔16进行高压注水，使高压水进入对下部原煤试样进行水力压裂，待水压降低50％后，关闭压裂孔16停止压裂，记录该过程中前、后、左、右、上、下六个压头的压力与位移变化。
步骤七、瓦斯二次抽采；
打开抽采孔15进行瓦斯抽采，记录其瓦斯流量变化以及各向压头压力与位移变化。
步骤八、同组其它试验；
更换复合煤岩试样，改变原煤试验和砂岩试样的厚度，或者改变岩样、三轴压力、瓦斯压力，重复步骤一至步骤七。
步骤九、整理试验数据。下表为试验过程中的记录数据。
Figure PCTCN2020079419-appb-000001

Claims (4)

  1. 一种多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、试样制备；
    (1)、两件原煤试样制备；
    选取两块原煤块分别进行切割打磨，使其断面平整度在±0.02mm以内，在原煤试样其中一个面上打中心盲孔，在105±15°温度下烘干24±4小时后，冷却至常温备用；
    (2)、砂岩试样制备；
    选取砂岩块进行切割打磨，使其断面平整度在±0.02mm以内，在105±15°温度下烘干24±4小时后，冷却至常温备用；
    (3)、复合煤岩试样制备；
    将砂岩试样放在中间，并在其上下表面均匀涂抹高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂，另外分别在两个原煤试样打中心盲孔的相对面均匀涂抹高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂，然后分别将原煤试样涂有高强度环氧树脂胶粘剂与砂岩试样上下面进行压实贴合，其中位于顶部的中心盲孔作为抽采孔(15)，位于底部的中心盲孔作为压裂孔(16)；
    步骤二、试样在真三轴试验测试装置上安装；
    所述真三轴试验测试装置包括主机(A)、主机支撑组件(B)、滑轨(C)、滑轨支撑组件(D)和伺服油缸(E)，六套所述伺服油缸(E)布置在主机(A)外的上下、左右、前后方向，所述滑轨(C)在主机(A)下方前后延伸设置， 且穿过主机(A)后通过滑轨支撑组件(D)支撑在地面上，所述主机(A)包括铸造成型的整体环形框架(1)，所述整体环形框架(1)的前后两侧开孔，并在每个开孔位置外侧配备有盖板(2)，所述整体环形框架(1)和盖板(2)围成主机壳，主机内腔用于放置复合煤岩试样(3)，复合煤岩试样(3)的上、下、左、右、前、后侧外分别配备有试样垫块(4)，位于下侧的所述试样垫块(4)下方设置有能在滑轨(C)上前后移动的试样移动支架(5)；前后侧的伺服油缸(E)下方均设置有能在滑轨(C)上前后移动的油缸移动支架(6)，所述盖板(2)能随着对应侧的伺服油缸(E)一起移动，上下左右侧的伺服油缸(E)固设在整体环形框架(1)的对应侧外，伺服油缸(E)的活塞杆(7)前端居中位置处设置有载荷传感器(8)，所述载荷传感器(8)的前端穿过主机壳后安装有压头(9)；
    将复合煤岩试样放入六块试样垫块(4)围成的腔体内并通过快锁(14)组合安装后再结合试样垫块(4)接缝处的棱边密封胶密封成一个试样密封垫，从而将复合煤岩试样(3)密封其中；所述棱边密封胶采用在需要密封的棱边刷涂液态硅橡胶，待硅橡胶固化后便能实现试样垫块(4)之间的密封；
    所述上压头(9)的下方固设有正对抽采孔(15)的抽采管，下压头(9)的上方固设有正对压裂孔(16)的压裂管，在抽采管、压裂管外壁分别均匀涂抹硅橡胶，首先将试样密封垫安装在下压头(9)上并使压裂管***压裂孔(16)内粘合密封，再控制上压头(9)下移，使上压头(9)与试样密封垫上表面贴合的同时抽采管***抽采孔(15)内粘合密封，最后分别控制前、后、左、右四个压头(9)移动，使对应的压头(9)分别贴合到试样密封垫的对应表面；
    步骤三、施加三轴应力；
    通过前、后、左、右、上、下六个压头(9)对复合煤岩试样施加应力至预定值；
    步骤四、加瓦斯压力；
    通过抽采孔(15)、压裂孔(16)同时向复合煤岩试样注瓦斯，使瓦斯压力达到预定值并保持稳定24±4小时；
    步骤五、瓦斯首次抽采；
    关闭压裂孔(16)，打开抽采孔(15)，记录瓦斯流量变化与各压头压力与位移变化，直至瓦斯抽采结束；
    步骤六、下煤层压裂；
    重复步骤四，再打开压裂孔(16)进行高压注水，使高压水进入对下部原煤试样进行水力压裂，待水压降低50％后，关闭压裂孔(16)停止压裂，记录该过程中前、后、左、右、上、下六个压头的压力与位移变化；
    步骤七、瓦斯二次抽采；
    打开抽采孔(15)进行瓦斯抽采，记录其瓦斯流量变化以及各向压头压力与位移变化；
    步骤八、同组其它试验；
    更换复合煤岩试样，改变原煤试验和砂岩试样的厚度，或者改变岩样、三轴压力、瓦斯压力，重复步骤一至步骤七；
    步骤九、整理试验数据。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，其特征在于：所述复合煤岩试样为正方体，复合煤岩试样尺寸为200×200× 200mm，原煤试样尺寸为200×200×70mm，砂岩试样尺寸为200×200×60mm。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，其特征在于：所述抽采孔(15)、压裂孔(16)大小相等，直径为10mm，深度为40mm；抽采管、压裂管的长度为30mm。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的多煤层联合压裂、卸压、抽采一体化试验方法，其特征在于：所述抽采孔(15)、压裂孔(16)的外侧端安装有万向密封接头(17)。
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