WO2021169513A1 - 一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具、装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具、装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021169513A1
WO2021169513A1 PCT/CN2020/137235 CN2020137235W WO2021169513A1 WO 2021169513 A1 WO2021169513 A1 WO 2021169513A1 CN 2020137235 W CN2020137235 W CN 2020137235W WO 2021169513 A1 WO2021169513 A1 WO 2021169513A1
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extrusion
die
inlet
mold
cylinder
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PCT/CN2020/137235
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English (en)
French (fr)
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喻俊荃
林建国
赵国群
朱传宝
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凯维思轻量化智能制造研究院(菏泽)有限公司
凯维思(山东)智能制造科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021169513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021169513A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape

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  • the invention relates to the field of molds, and in particular, to an extrusion die, device and method for realizing a two-way extrusion molding process.
  • the two-way extrusion process refers to a new type of extrusion process in which pressure is applied to the material from two directions to generate a speed gradient inside the material to drive the material to bend integrally, so as to obtain an extruded product that is bent along the length direction.
  • This process can be used to manufacture metal and non-metal profiles that are bent along the length and have variable curvatures.
  • the main advantages of using the two-way extrusion process to manufacture curved profiles include: (1) It can reduce or even eliminate the bending springback, wrinkling, cross-sectional deformation, cracking and other forming defects that are common in traditional cold-formed forming processes, thereby significantly improving material bending Forming limit, especially suitable for bending forming of difficult-to-bend materials and structures; (2) It can significantly improve the microstructure of the material and enhance the mechanical properties of the profile; (3) Extrusion-bend one-step forming and the curvature of the bent profile is in the length direction of the profile It can be dynamically adjusted, which greatly shortens the manufacturing process of curved profiles.
  • the traditional extruder cannot achieve bidirectional extrusion.
  • the die matched with the traditional extruder can be called a traditional extrusion die, which mainly includes a diversion die for extruding solid profiles and a split extrusion die for extruding hollow profiles.
  • the characteristic of the traditional die is that the material enters from one direction and flows out along the die hole of the extrusion die parallel to that direction, so as to obtain a straight extruded profile along the length direction.
  • the inventor found that there is no special extruder and extrusion die suitable for the two-way extrusion process.
  • the structural design and rapid disassembly of the two-way extrusion die, automatic feeding, realization of two-way extrusion action, and surplus shear are the main problems faced by the two-way extrusion process.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an extrusion die, device and method for realizing the two-way extrusion process, which can solve the current mold disassembly, feeding, and two-way extrusion process faced by the two-way extrusion process. Squeeze action, surplus trimming and other issues.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an extrusion die for realizing a two-way extrusion molding process, which includes a matching male mold and a female mold, one side of the male mold can be matched with the female mold; the male mold is provided with T T-shaped or star-shaped channel, the T-shaped or star-shaped channel forms an opening on the surface of the punch, the two opposite openings of the T-shaped or star-shaped channel are the inlets, and the T-shaped or star-shaped two opposite openings
  • the outer opening is the discharge port; the female mold has a through hole through it.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the axes of the two inlets of the punch are on the same straight line and are at right angles to the axis of the outlet.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect. After the male mold and the female mold are assembled together, there is a second cavity on the periphery of the mold core, and the second cavity is used for welding.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an extrusion device for realizing a two-way extrusion molding process, which includes an extruder center beam, a first extrusion barrel, a second extrusion barrel, a push-pull rod, and the like in the first aspect.
  • the push-pull rod is fixedly connected to the convex die, and the first side and the second side of the center beam of the extruder are respectively provided with a first extrusion barrel inlet and a second extrusion barrel inlet,
  • the front side of the center beam of the extruder is provided with a mold inlet and outlet, and the rear side of the center beam of the extruder is provided with a curved profile outlet.
  • the cylinder passes through the entrance of the first extrusion cylinder and contacts the first side surface of the convex mold, and the second extrusion cylinder passes through the entrance of the second extrusion cylinder and contacts the second side surface of the convex mold.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the first side of the center beam of the extruder is connected to the first extrusion cylinder beam through a connecting rod, and the extruder
  • the second side of the central beam is connected to the second extrusion tube beam through a connecting rod
  • the first extrusion tube is connected to the first extrusion tube beam
  • the second extrusion tube is connected to the second extrusion tube beam.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the inlet and outlet of the mold form a cavity in the center beam of the extruder, and the cavity is connected to the first extrusion cylinder at the same time.
  • the entrance, the entrance of the second extrusion cylinder and the exit of the curved profile; the upper surface and the lower surface of the cavity one are provided with chutes.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an extrusion method for realizing the bidirectional extrusion forming process.
  • Using the extrusion device for realizing the bidirectional extrusion forming process as described in the second aspect includes the following steps:
  • the male and female molds are installed in a complete set, and pushed in along the chute through the push-pull rod from the mold inlet and outlet of the center beam of the extruder.
  • the push-pull rod exerts pressure on the extrusion mold to make the female mold and the male mold lock each other;
  • first extrusion cylinder and the second extrusion cylinder respectively, and apply pressure to the center beam of the extruder to the beam of the first extrusion cylinder and the beam of the second extrusion cylinder, so that the first Both the extrusion cylinder beam and the second extrusion cylinder beam move toward the center beam of the extruder.
  • the first extrusion cylinder and the second extrusion cylinder are respectively attached to the two surfaces of the punch, so that the extrusion cylinder and the die are locked to each other tight;
  • the extruded bar material gradually enters the two entrances of the punch, and then solid-state welding occurs in the second cavity on the periphery of the mold core, and flows out between the working belt of the female mold and the punch to form a hollow profile; in this step, By adjusting the extrusion speed of the extruded bar, a hollow profile with variable curvature that is bidirectionally bent in length can be obtained.
  • the first extrusion cylinder beam and the second extrusion cylinder beam are withdrawn, and the shearing device enters from the die entrance of the center beam of the extruder and cuts off the pressure remaining .
  • the installation, fixation and disassembly of the two-way extrusion die are realized by using a new type of center beam structure of the extruder.
  • the new combined structure form of the center beam of the extruder and the first extrusion cylinder and the second extrusion cylinder the automatic feeding and cutting off of the pressure in the two-way extrusion process are realized, and the frequent removal of the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion cylinder are avoided. Moulds improve production efficiency.
  • the squeezing device not only realizes two-way squeezing action, but also has a compact structure, easy automation, convenient operation, high production efficiency and wide application range.
  • the bidirectional bending of the curved profile is realized, and the variable curvature profile with multiple bending sections along the length direction of the profile can be manufactured.
  • the types of bent profiles include wire, bar, pipe, shaped solid profiles and various hollow profiles. It has realized important functions such as mold disassembly and assembly, automatic feeding, two-way extrusion, and cutting off pressure.
  • Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the present invention according to one or more embodiments
  • Figure 2 is an assembly cross-sectional view of the present invention according to one or more embodiments
  • Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional view of the center beam of the extruder according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a mold according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the final product according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • the two-way extrusion process has many advantages, but there is no special extruder and extrusion die suitable for the two-way extrusion process.
  • the structural design and rapid disassembly and assembly of the two-way extrusion die, automatic feeding, realization of two-way extrusion action, and surplus shear are the main problems faced by the two-way extrusion process.
  • the present invention proposes an extrusion die, device and method for realizing the two-way extrusion forming process.
  • FIG. 4 discloses an extrusion die for realizing a two-way extrusion molding process, including a convex die 8 and a concave die 7, and a convex die 8 and a concave die 7 Matched
  • the concave mold 7 has an opening as a discharge port, a working belt is arranged at the opening, and the shape of the opening is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the outer surface of the hollow profile product.
  • the punch 8 has two inlets and one outlet.
  • the two inlets are located on the first side and the second side of the punch 8 respectively.
  • the first side and the second side of the punch 8 are those of the punch 8.
  • Two opposite side surfaces, the discharge port is located on the third side surface, the third side surface is located between the first side surface and the second side surface, and the axes of the two input ports are on the same straight line and perpendicular to the axis of the discharge port.
  • first side, second side, and third side of the punch 8 in this embodiment are all components of the outer surface of the punch 8.
  • the two inlets and one outlet are formed between T-shaped or star-shaped channel; when the axes of the two inlets of the punch are on the same straight line and are at right angles to the axis of the outlet, the two inlets and one outlet are formed between T-shaped channel; when the axes of the two inlets of the punch are located on different straight lines, a star-shaped channel is formed between the two inlets and one outlet.
  • the punch 8 also has a core 4-004, and the core 4-004 is provided with a working belt 4-005, the shape of the working belt is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the inner surface of the hollow profile product. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the extruded profile is a hollow profile, so it has a core 4-004.
  • the working belt is a section of the aluminum extrusion die near the die opening to ensure the shape, size and surface quality of the extruded product, and it is not a specific component.
  • this embodiment discloses an extrusion device for realizing a two-way extrusion molding process, including an extruder center beam 1, a first extrusion tube beam 2 , The second extrusion cylinder beam 3, the connecting rod 4, the first extrusion cylinder 5, the second extrusion cylinder 6 and the hydraulic push-pull rod 9, further comprising the bidirectional extrusion die disclosed in Embodiment 1.
  • the center beam 1 of the extruder is located in the center, and its left and right sides each have an extrusion tube beam and an extrusion tube.
  • the center beam 1 of the extruder and its left and right sides The crossbeam of the extrusion tube is connected by the connecting rod 4.
  • the two sides of the center beam 1 of the extruder are respectively connected to the first extruded tube beam 2 and the second extruded tube beam 3 through the connecting rod 4, and the first extruded tube beam 2 and the second extruded tube beam 3 can be It moves back and forth along the connecting rod 4, so that the first extrusion cylinder cross beam 2 and the second extrusion cylinder cross beam 3 can approach or move away from the center cross beam 1 of the extruder.
  • the inner side of the first extrusion tube beam 2 is provided with a first extrusion tube 5
  • the inner side of the second extrusion tube beam 3 is provided with a second extrusion tube 6, and the center beam 1 of the extruder is close to the first extrusion tube beam 2
  • a first extrusion barrel inlet 3-001 is provided on one side of the extruder
  • a second extrusion barrel inlet 3-002 is provided on the side of the central beam 1 of the extruder close to the second extrusion barrel beam 3.
  • the number of connecting rods 4 is four.
  • the radial center position is on the same straight line.
  • the center beam 1, the concave die 7, the convex die 8, and the hydraulic push-pull rod 9 of the extruder are located on a straight line.
  • the axis of the hydraulic push-pull rod 9 and the axis of the connecting rod 4 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the center beam 1 of the extruder also has a curved profile outlet 3-003; please refer to Figure 3, in the center beam 1 of the extruder In the front and rear direction of the extruder, the front side of the extruder has a mold inlet and outlet 3-004, which simultaneously communicates with the first extrusion barrel inlet 3-001, the second extrusion barrel inlet 3-002, and the curved profile outlet 3 -003.
  • the mold inlet and outlet 3-004 forms a cavity 1 in the center beam 1 of the extruder inward, and the cavity 1 is connected to the first extrusion barrel inlet 3-001 and the second extrusion barrel inlet 3- 002 and curved profile outlet 3-003; the upper and lower surfaces of cavity one are provided with chutes 3-005; at the same time, on the first side of the center beam 1 of the extruder, chutes 3-005 are also provided, and The chute 3-005 passes through the mold inlet and outlet 3-004.
  • the center beam 1 of the extruder also has eight openings, and eight openings. Used to connect four connecting rods 4.
  • the radial center of the first extrusion barrel inlet 3-001 is on the same line as the radial center of the first extrusion barrel 5, and the radial center of the second extrusion barrel inlet 3-002 is the same as the diameter of the second extrusion barrel 6. To the center is on the same straight line.
  • the diameter of the first extrusion barrel inlet 3-001 is greater than the diameter of the outer surface of the first extrusion barrel 5; the diameter of the second extrusion barrel inlet 3-002 is greater than the diameter of the outer surface of the second extrusion barrel 6.
  • the curved profile outlet 3-003 is coaxial with the mold inlet and outlet 3-004, the first extrusion cylinder inlet 3-001 and the second extrusion cylinder inlet 3-002 are coaxial, and the curved profile outlet 3-003 is coaxial with the mold.
  • the axis of the inlet 3-004 is perpendicular to the axis of the first extrusion barrel inlet 3-001 and the second extrusion barrel inlet 3-002.
  • the size of the outlet 3-003 of the curved profile is larger than the outlet on the die 7;
  • the size of the mold inlet and outlet 3-004 is larger than the external size of the concave mold 7 and the convex mold 8.
  • the axis of the first extrusion barrel and the axis of the second extrusion barrel may also be at other angles.
  • Example 3 provides an extrusion method for realizing the bidirectional extrusion molding process, using the extrusion device for realizing the bidirectional extrusion molding process disclosed in Example 2. It includes the following steps:
  • the female mold 7 and the male mold 8 are connected together by the connecting and positioning parts on them, and they are moved from the mold entrance of the center beam 1 of the extruder along the chute 3-005 through the hydraulic push-pull rod 9 Push.
  • the hydraulic push-pull rod 9 exerts a certain pressure on the extrusion die so that the female die 7 and the male die 8 are locked to each other;
  • the two extruded bars are put into the first extrusion cylinder 5 and the second extrusion cylinder 6 through the feeding mechanism, and then the first extrusion cylinder beam 2 and the second extrusion cylinder are made by a certain hydraulic transmission mechanism
  • the beams 3 all move toward the center beam 1 of the extruder, so that the first extrusion cylinder 5 and the second extrusion cylinder 6 are attached to the two surfaces of the punch 8 respectively, and a certain force is applied to make the extrusion cylinder and the mold mutually adhere to each other.
  • Loads are applied to the bars in the two extrusion cylinders to move them toward the center beam 1 of the extruder; at this time, the material gradually enters the two entrances of the punch 8 and then occurs in the welding chamber 4-003 Solid-state welding and flow out from between the working belts of the female mold 7 and the male mold 8 to form a hollow profile;
  • the extrusion cylinder beam is retracted under the action of the hydraulic transmission mechanism, and the shearing device enters from the die entrance of the center beam 1 of the extruder and cuts off the pressure surplus.

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Abstract

一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具、装置及方法，涉及模具领域，其中装置包括挤压机中心横梁（1）、第一挤压筒（5）、第二挤压筒（6）、推拉杆（9）和实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，推拉杆（9）固定连接凸模（8），挤压机中心横梁（1）的第一侧面和第二侧面分别开设第一挤压筒入口（3-001）和第二挤压筒入口（3-002），当所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具进入模具进出口（3-004）后，第一挤压筒（5）穿过第一挤压筒入口（3-001）并与凸模（8）的第一侧面相互接触，第二挤压筒（6）穿过第二挤压筒入口（3-002）并与凸模（8）的第二侧面相互接触。所述的模具、装置及方法可解决目前实现双向挤压工艺所面临的模具拆装、送料、双向挤压动作、压余剪除等问题。

Description

一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具、装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及模具领域，具体的，涉及一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具、装置及方法。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景技术，而不必然地构成现有技术。
双向挤压工艺是指从两个方向对材料施加压力，使得材料内部产生速度梯度以驱动材料发生整体性的弯曲，从而获得沿长度方向弯曲的挤压产品的一种新型的挤压成形工艺。利用该工艺可以制造沿长度方向弯曲且曲率可变的金属和非金属型材。采用双向挤压工艺制造弯曲型材的主要优势包括：(1)可减少甚至消除传统冷弯成形工艺普遍存在的弯曲回弹、起皱、截面变形、破裂等成形缺陷问题，从而显著提高材料的弯曲成形极限，特别适用于难弯曲材料和结构的弯曲成形；(2)可显著改善材料的微观结构，增强型材力学性能；(3)挤-弯一步成形且弯曲型材的曲率在型材的长度方向上可动态调控，大大缩短了弯曲型材的制造工艺流程。
发明人发现，在金属挤压成形领域，目前普遍使用的挤压机主要采用正向挤压、反向挤压以及正-反复合挤压等方式，但这些挤压方式均仅仅从一个方向上对坯料施加压力，并且挤出的型材产品是沿长度方向平直的型材。这些挤压机可称作传统挤压机。传统挤压机并不能实现双向挤压。与传统挤压机配套的模具可称之为传统挤压模具，主要包括用于挤出实心型材的导流模具和用于挤出空心型材的分流挤压模具。传统模具的特征是材料从一个方向进入，并顺着 平行于该方向的挤压模具的模孔流出，从而获得沿长度方向平直的挤压型材。发明人发现，目前尚未出现适用于双向挤压工艺的专用挤压机和挤压模具。双向挤压模具的结构设计与快速拆装、自动送料、实现双向挤压动作、压余剪除等问题是实现双向挤压工艺所面临的主要问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的空缺，本发明的目的是提供一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具、装置及方法，该装置可解决目前实现双向挤压工艺所面临的模具拆装、送料、双向挤压动作、压余剪除等问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：
第一方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，包括相配套的凸模和凹模，凸模的一个侧面能够与凹模配合；凸模设有T形或星形通道，T形或星形通道在凸模的表面形成开口，T形或星形通道的两个相对的开口为入料口，T形通道或星形的两个相对的开口之外的开口为出料口；凹模具有贯穿的通孔，当凸模与凹模配套安装后，凸模的出料口与凹模的通孔同轴。
结合第一方面，本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式，所述凸模的两个入料口的轴线在同一直线上，且与出料口的轴线呈直角。
结合第一方面，本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式，当凸模与凹模配套安装后，在模芯周缘具有空腔二，空腔二用于焊合。
第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，包括挤压机中心横梁、第一挤压筒、第二挤压筒、推拉杆和如第一方面所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，推拉杆固定连接凸模，挤压机中心横梁的第一侧面和第二侧面分别开设第一挤压筒入口和第二挤压筒入口，挤压机中心 横梁的前侧面开设模具进出口，挤压机中心横梁的后侧面开设弯曲型材出口，当所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具进入模具进出口后，第一挤压筒穿过第一挤压筒入口并与凸模的第一侧面相互接触，第二挤压筒穿过第二挤压筒入口并与凸模的第二侧面相互接触。
结合第二方面，本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式，所述挤压机中心横梁的第一侧通过连杆连接第一挤压筒横梁，所述挤压机中心横梁的第二侧通过连杆连接第二挤压筒横梁，所述第一挤压筒连接第一挤压筒横梁，所述第二挤压筒连接第二挤压筒横梁。
结合第二方面，本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第二种可能的实施方式，所述模具进出口向内在挤压机中心横梁形成一空腔一，空腔一同时连通第一挤压筒入口、第二挤压筒入口和弯曲型材出口；空腔一的上表面和下表面均开设滑槽。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供了一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压方法，使用如第二方面所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，包括以下步骤：
配套安装凸模和凹模，并通过推拉杆从挤压机中心横梁的模具进出口处沿着滑槽推入，推拉杆对挤压模具施加压力使得凹模和凸模相互锁紧；
将两个挤压棒料分别放入第一挤压筒和第二挤压筒内，对第一挤压筒横梁和第二挤压筒横梁施加向挤压机中心横梁的压力，使第一挤压筒横梁和第二挤压筒横梁均向挤压机中心横梁运动，第一挤压筒和第二挤压筒分别与凸模的两个表面贴合，使得挤压筒和模具相互锁紧；
对第一挤压筒和第二挤压筒内的挤压棒料分别施加载荷，使其均往挤压机中心横梁处运动；
挤压棒料逐渐进入凸模的两个入口，然后在模芯周缘的空腔二内发生固态焊合，并从凹模和凸模工作带之间流出，形成空心型材；在此步骤中，通过调控挤压棒料的挤压速度可得到在长度上发生双向弯曲的变曲率的空心型材。
当挤压筒内的坯料挤压到预设长度后，回撤第一挤压筒横梁和第二挤压筒横梁，剪切装置从挤压机中心横梁的模具入口处进入，并剪除压余。
上述本发明的实施例的有益效果如下：
1)本发明实施例提供的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具中，采用新型的双入料口和侧面出料口的结构形式，且双入料口的轴线垂直于出料口的轴线。这种特殊的结构设计主要有三个方面的优点：一是有利于独立地控制每个入料口处材料的流动速率，从而有效地控制从两个入料口分别进入焊合腔内的材料在发生焊合并从挤压模具工作带处流出后所获得的型材的弯曲曲率；二是从入料口进入挤压模具空腔二内的材料在流动方向发生了90°的偏转，材料在偏转过程中受到强烈的剪切变形，这不仅有利于材料获得良好的焊合质量，也可使材料具有细小晶粒和特殊织构，从而显著提升挤出的弯曲型材的性能；三是凸模和凹模易于装配、定位、拆卸及更换。
2)本发明实施例提供的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置中，通过使用新型的挤压机中心横梁结构，实现了双向挤压模具的安装、固定和拆卸。通过采用挤压机中心横梁与第一挤压筒、第二挤压筒的新型组合结构形式，实现了双向挤压过程中的自动送料和剪除压余，避免了频繁拆除挤压筒和挤压模具，提高了生产效率。通过采用第一挤压筒、第二挤压筒与固定凸模两侧锁紧的形式，可有效防止凸模变形，改善模具受力条件。该挤压装置不仅实现了双向挤压动作，而且结构紧凑、易于自动化、操作方便、生产效率高、适用范围广。
3)本发明实施例提供的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压方法中，实现了弯曲型材的双向弯曲，并可制造沿型材长度方向存在多个弯曲段的变曲率型材。弯曲型材的种类包括线材、棒材、管材、异形实心型材以及各种空心型材。实现了模具拆装、自动送料、双向挤压、剪除压余等重要功能。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的三维***图，
图2是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的装配剖面图，
图3是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的挤压机中心横梁的三维图，
图4是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的模具剖视图，
图5是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的最终产物形状示意图。
图中：1、挤压机中心横梁，2、第一挤压筒横梁，3、第二挤压筒横梁，4、连杆，5、第一挤压筒，6、第二挤压筒，7、凹模，8、凸模，9、液压推拉杆，3-001、第一挤压筒入口，3-002、第二挤压筒入口，3-003、弯曲型材出口，3-004、模具进出口，3-005、滑槽，4-001、模具第一入料口，4-002、模具第二入料口，4-003、焊合室，4-004、模芯，4-005、凸模工作带，4-006、凹模工作带。
为显示各部位位置而夸大了互相间间距或尺寸，示意图仅作示意使用。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非本发明另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
为了方便叙述，本发明中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用,仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
术语解释部分:本发明中的术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或为一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部连接，或者两个元件的相互作用关系，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。
正如背景技术所介绍的，双向挤压成形工艺存在诸多优势，但目前尚未出现适用于双向挤压工艺的专用挤压机和挤压模具。双向挤压模具的结构设计与快速拆装、自动送料、实现双向挤压动作、压余剪除等问题是实现双向挤压工艺所面临的主要问题问题。为解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具、装置及方法。
实施例1
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，请参考图4，本实施例公开了一种实现双 向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，包括凸模8和凹模7，凸模8与凹模7相配套；
凹模7具有一个开口作为出料口，开口处设有工作带，开口形状与空心型材产品外表面的截面形状一致。
凸模8具有两个入料口和一个出料口，两个入料口分别位于凸模8的第一侧面和第二侧面，凸模8的第一侧面和第二侧面是凸模8的两个相对的侧面，出料口位于第三侧面，第三侧面位于第一侧面和第二侧面之间，两个入料口的轴线在同一直线上，且垂直于出料口的轴线。
可以理解的是，本实施例中的凸模8的第一侧面、第二侧面和第三侧面均为构成凸模8外表面的组成部分，两个入料口、一个出料口之间形成的T形或星形通道；当所述凸模的两个入料口的轴线在同一直线上，且与出料口的轴线呈直角时，两个入料口、一个出料口之间形成T形通道；当所述凸模的两个入料口的轴线位于不同的直线时，两个入料口与一个出料口之间形成星形通道。
凸模8还具有模芯4-004，模芯4-004设有工作带4-005，工作带的形状与空心型材产品内表面的截面形状一致。可以理解的是，本实施例中，挤出的型材为空心型材，因此具有模芯4-004。
可以理解的是，工作带是铝材挤压模具中靠近模口位置用来保证挤压制品的形状、尺寸和表面质量的区段，其非一个具体构件。
请参考图4，凹模7和凸模8装配之后，在模芯4-004周围存在空腔二，该空腔二为焊合室4-003。
实施例2
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1所示，本实施例公开了一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，包括挤压机中心横梁1、第一挤压筒横梁2、第二 挤压筒横梁3、连杆4、第一挤压筒5、第二挤压筒6和液压推拉杆9，还包括实施例1所公开的双向挤压模具。在如图1所示的结构中，挤压机中心横梁1位于中心位置，其左、右两侧各有一个挤压筒横梁和挤压筒，挤压机中心横梁1与其左、右两侧的挤压筒横梁通过连杆4连接。
也即，挤压机中心横梁1的两侧分别通过连杆4连接第一挤压筒横梁2和第二挤压筒横梁3，第一挤压筒横梁2和第二挤压筒横梁3能够沿连杆4往复移动，从而，第一挤压筒横梁2和第二挤压筒横梁3能够接近或远离挤压机中心横梁1。
第一挤压筒横梁2的内侧设有第一挤压筒5，第二挤压筒横梁3的内侧设有第二挤压筒6，挤压机中心横梁1靠近第一挤压筒横梁2的一侧设有第一挤压筒入口3-001，挤压机中心横梁1靠近第二挤压筒横梁3的一侧设有第二挤压筒入口3-002。
本实施例中，连杆4数目为4。
可以理解的是，在空间中，挤压机中心横梁1、第一挤压筒横梁2、第二挤压筒横梁3、第一挤压筒5以及第二挤压筒6，这五者的径向中心位置在同一直线上。
可以理解的是，在空间中，挤压机中心横梁1、凹模7、凸模8、液压推拉杆9位于一条直线上。液压推拉杆9的轴线与连杆4的轴线相互垂直。
挤压机中心横梁1除了第一挤压筒入口3-001和第二挤压筒入口3-002之外，还具有弯曲型材出口3-003；请参考图3，在挤压机中心横梁1的前后方向，挤压机的前侧面具有模具进出口3-004，模具进出口3-004同时连通第一挤压筒入口3-001、第二挤压筒入口3-002和弯曲型材出口3-003，在图3中，模具进出口3-004向内在挤压机中心横梁1形成一空腔一，空腔一同时连通第一挤压筒入口3-001、 第二挤压筒入口3-002和弯曲型材出口3-003；空腔一的上表面和下表面均开设滑槽3-005；同时，在挤压机中心横梁1的第一侧面，也设有滑槽3-005，且滑槽3-005经过模具进出口3-004。
可以理解的是，挤压机中心横梁1除了第一挤压筒入口3-001、第二挤压筒入口3-002和弯曲型材出口3-003之外，还具有八个开口，八个开口用于连接四个连杆4。
第一挤压筒入口3-001径向中心与第一挤压筒5的径向中心在在同一直线上，第二挤压筒入口3-002径向中心与第二挤压筒6的径向中心在在同一直线上。
第一挤压筒入口3-001的直径大于第一挤压筒5的外表面直径；第二挤压筒入口3-002的直径大于第二挤压筒6的外表面直径。
在空间上，弯曲型材出口3-003和模具进出口3-004同轴，第一挤压筒入口3-001和第二挤压筒入口3-002同轴，弯曲型材出口3-003和模具进出口3-004的轴线与第一挤压筒入口3-001和第二挤压筒入口3-002的轴线垂直。
弯曲型材出口3-003的尺寸大于凹模7上的出料口；
模具进出口3-004的尺寸大于凹模7和凸模8的外形尺寸。
在又一实施例中，第一挤压筒的轴线和第二挤压筒的轴线也可以是其它角度。
实施例3
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，实施例3提供了一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压方法，采用如实施例2中所述公开的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，包括以下步骤：
双向挤压之前，凹模7和凸模8通过其上的连接和定位部件连接在一起，并 通过液压推拉杆9从挤压机中心横梁1的模具进口处沿着滑槽3-005将其推入。液压推拉杆9对挤压模具施加一定的压力使得凹模7和凸模8相互锁紧；
通过喂料机构将两个挤压棒料分别放入第一挤压筒5和第二挤压筒6内，然后通过一定的液压传送机构使得第一挤压筒横梁2和第二挤压筒横梁3均向挤压机中心横梁1运动，使得第一挤压筒5和第二挤压筒6分别于凸模8的两个表面贴合，并施加一定的力使得挤压筒和模具相互锁紧；
对两个挤压筒内棒料分别施加载荷，使其均往挤压机中心横梁1处运动；此时，材料逐渐进入凸模8的两个入口，然后在焊合室4-003内发生固态焊合，并从凹模7和凸模8工作带之间流出，形成空心型材；
通过调控挤两个挤压筒内材料的挤压速度可得到在长度上变曲率弯曲的空心型材，如图5所示。
当挤压筒内的坯料挤压到预设长度后，挤压筒横梁在液压传动机构的作用下回撤，剪切装置从挤压机中心横梁1的模具入口处进入，并剪除压余。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，其特征在于，包括相配套的凸模和凹模，凸模的一个侧面能够与凹模配合；凸模设有T形或星形通道，T形或星形通道在凸模的表面形成开口，T形或星形通道的两个相对的开口为入料口，T形或星形通道的两个相对的开口之外的开口为出料口；凹模具有贯穿的通孔，当凸模与凹模配套安装后，凸模的出料口与凹模的通孔同轴。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，其特征在于，所述凸模的两个入料口的轴线在同一直线上，且与出料口的轴线呈直角。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，其特征在于，凸模具有模芯，模芯末端为工作带。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，其特征在于，当凸模与凹模配套安装后，在模芯周缘具有空腔二，空腔二用于焊合。
  5. 一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，其特征在于，包括挤压机中心横梁、第一挤压筒、第二挤压筒、推拉杆和如权利要求1～4任意一项所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具，推拉杆固定连接凸模，挤压机中心横梁的第一侧面和第二侧面分别开设第一挤压筒入口和第二挤压筒入口，挤压机中心横梁的前侧面开设模具进出口，挤压机中心横梁的后侧面开设弯曲型材出口，当所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压模具进入模具进出口后，第一挤压筒穿过第一挤压筒入口并与凸模的第一侧面相互接触，第二挤压筒穿过第二挤压筒入口并与凸模的第二侧面相互接触。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，其特征在于，所述挤压机中心横梁的在第一侧通过连杆连接第一挤压筒横梁，所述挤压机中心横梁的第二侧通过连杆连接第二挤压筒横梁，所述第一挤压筒连接第一挤压 筒横梁，所述第二挤压筒连接第二挤压筒横梁。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，其特征在于，所述模具进出口向内在挤压机中心横梁形成一空腔一，空腔一同时连通第一挤压筒入口、第二挤压筒入口和弯曲型材出口；空腔一的上表面和下表面均开设滑槽。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，其特征在于，第一挤压筒入口的直径大于第一挤压筒的外表面直径；第二挤压筒入口的直径大于第二挤压筒的外表面直径；弯曲型材出口的尺寸大于凹模的出料口的尺寸；模具进出口的尺寸大于凹模和凸模的外形尺寸。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，其特征在于，所述弯曲型材出口和所述模具进出口同轴，所述第一挤压筒入口和所述第二挤压筒入口同轴，所述弯曲型材出口和模具进出口的轴线与第一挤压筒入口和第二挤压筒入口的轴线垂直。
  10. 一种实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压方法，其特征在于，使用如权利要求5～9任意一项所述的实现双向挤压成形工艺的挤压装置，包括以下步骤：
    配套安装凸模和凹模，并通过推拉杆从挤压机中心横梁的模具进出口处沿着滑槽推入，推拉杆对挤压模具施加压力使得凹模和凸模相互锁紧；
    将两个挤压棒料分别放入第一挤压筒和第二挤压筒内，对第一挤压筒横梁和第二挤压筒横梁施加向挤压机中心横梁的压力，使第一挤压筒横梁和第二挤压筒横梁均向挤压机中心横梁运动，第一挤压筒和第二挤压筒分别于凸模的两个表面贴合，使得挤压筒和模具相互锁紧；
    对第一挤压筒和第二挤压筒内的挤压棒料分别施加载荷，使其均往挤压机 中心横梁处运动；
    挤压棒料逐渐进入凸模的两个入口，然后在模芯周缘的空腔二内发生固态焊合，并从凹模和凸模工作带之间流出，形成空心型材；在此步骤中，通过调控挤压棒料的挤压速度可得到在长度上双向变曲率弯曲的空心型材；
    当挤压筒内的坯料挤压到预设长度后，回撤第一挤压筒横梁和第二挤压筒横梁，剪切装置从挤压机中心横梁的模具入口处进入，并剪除压余。
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