WO2021164815A1 - Moteur électrique avec amélioration de champ - Google Patents

Moteur électrique avec amélioration de champ Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021164815A1
WO2021164815A1 PCT/DE2021/100106 DE2021100106W WO2021164815A1 WO 2021164815 A1 WO2021164815 A1 WO 2021164815A1 DE 2021100106 W DE2021100106 W DE 2021100106W WO 2021164815 A1 WO2021164815 A1 WO 2021164815A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
rotors
electric motor
air gap
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2021/100106
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Holger Witt
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2021164815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021164815A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/025—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the thickness of the air gap between field and armature
    • H02K21/026—Axial air gap machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
    • H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electric motors for a motor vehicle or auxiliary unit drive, with a shaft for torque output, the shaft being non-rotatably connected to at least one rotor, the at least one rotor being in operation with a stator assigned to it.
  • the invention is in particular in the field of electric motors with field amplification, for example an axial flow machine and a radial flow machine.
  • Electric motors / electric machines with field weakening are already known from the prior art.
  • the field weakening takes place, for example, by forcing a phase-shifted current supply to the windings or by means of mechanical adjustment / change in the motor itself, which reduces the magnetic flux through the windings.
  • the state without field weakening (with high induced voltages at the winding ends at a given speed) is the normal state.
  • the field weakening is used at high speeds of the electric motor. This is used to be able to use the broadest possible speed range.
  • a voltage induced at terminals of the windings of the electric motor is limited.
  • a loss-optimized operation of the electric motor should be provided over a wide speed and torque range when considering the overall system over the entire period of use.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in a device of the generic type in that structural means are assigned to the at least one rotor in order to increase the field in an air gap between the at least one rotor and the stator in the operating state of a desired magnetic flux density, in particular especially in the operating state of a torque increase to be created to force in the air gap.
  • the structural means can be prepared to be actuated on the basis of an activation energy or activation power.
  • the structural means can be at least one mechanical actuator.
  • the at least one mechanical actuator can act on the at least one rotor in order to bring about an adjustment of the at least one rotor closer to the stator in the operating state of the desired magnetic flux density.
  • the electric motor can be an axial flux machine.
  • the at least one rotor can have two rotors.
  • the rotors can each be mounted axially displaceably between a first position and a second position.
  • the stator can be located between the two rotors and surround the shaft.
  • the stator and the rotors can each form the air gap to one another.
  • the air gap can be minimal in the first position and maximal in the second position.
  • the axial flux machine can be designed so that the rotors can be displaced relative to one another by a force applied from the outside (by the structural means) in order to reduce at least one of the two air gaps and to provide a higher magnetic flux between the rotor and stator during operation.
  • the structural means can be electrically operated coils.
  • the coils can be arranged on the at least one rotor in such a way that, in the operating state of the desired magnetic flux density, an additional magnetic field is generated between the at least one rotor and the stator, which causes the field amplification.
  • the electric motor can be a radial flux machine.
  • Pole caps of the rotor can each be provided with a magnet.
  • the stator can surround the rotors.
  • the air gap can be formed between the stator and the respective magnets of the pole caps.
  • the electrically operated coils can be located around the pole caps.
  • the coils can be designed to generate an additional radial magnetic flux during operation of the radial flux machine in order to provide a higher magnetic flux between the rotor and stator.
  • an axial flow machine includes a shaft.
  • the axial flux machine also includes two rotors.
  • the rotors are connected to the shaft or are kop pelt with it.
  • the rotors surround the shaft.
  • the rotors are each axially displaceable between a first position and a second position.
  • the axial flow machine further comprises a stator.
  • the stator is located between the two rotors.
  • the stator surrounds the shaft.
  • the stator and the rotors each form an air gap to one another.
  • the respective air gap or its width is mini times in the first position.
  • the respective air gap or its width is maximum in the second position.
  • the axial flux machine is designed such that the rotors can be displaced relative to one another by an externally applied force in order to reduce at least one of the air gaps and to provide a higher magnetic flux between the rotor and stator during operation.
  • the externally applied force can act on one and / or the other rotor in a certain period of time of increased torque requirement in order to increase the magnetic flux between the rotor and stator and thus the torque requirement, for example at least twice (or three times or four times) as high as in normal operation of the axial flow machine.
  • the rotor can be understood as the rotating part of an electric motor and can have permanent magnets.
  • the stator can be understood as the stationary part of an electric motor and have coil windings.
  • the wave can be used as a elongated cylindrical and rotating machine element are understood, which is used to transmit rotary movements and torques.
  • the axial flow machine can also be understood as a transverse flow machine.
  • the magnets used herein can consistently be permanent magnets, which occur in different designs and are designed for the respective purpose.
  • the rotors can each be connected to the shaft in a radially fixed manner without play.
  • the shaft can also have a guide on its circumference.
  • the guide can extend along the axis of rotation of the shaft.
  • the rotors can be connected to the shaft via the guide. The rotors can thus be connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the rotors can be designed as rotor blades, for example circular rotor blades.
  • Corresponding permanent magnets can be arranged on the rotor blades, which interact with the magnetic flux coming from the stator in order to make the rotor rotate about an axis.
  • the axis can be the axis of rotation of the shaft.
  • the stator can, for example, be separated from the shaft by means of a bearing or it can be surrounded and supported by the shaft.
  • the externally applied force can point in the axial direction so that the rotors approach each other. This external force allows the rotors to move towards one another.
  • the axial flow machine can thus have a spring element.
  • the axial flow machine can furthermore have a first limiter.
  • the limiter can be connected to the shaft.
  • the spring element can be designed, the rotors in the axial direction in the second Po- position to press. Furthermore, if there is no externally applied force, the spring element can be designed to hold the rotors at the second position defined by the first limiter.
  • a force provided by the spring element for locking the rotors or rotor blades at the second position can be provided in order to provide a defined distance between the rotor / rotors and the stator for a speed range in normal operation.
  • the first position can be defined by a maximum compression of the spring element.
  • the first position can be defined by a second limiter.
  • the second limiter can be permanently connected to the shaft or be part of it.
  • the spring element can at least partially be a sleeve for the guide or surround it. This can also apply to the spring element with respect to the two th limiter.
  • the spring element can rest against the second limiter and cause a force between the second limiter and one of the rotors.
  • a further spring element can be present which brings about a force between the second limiter and the other of the rotors. The spring element and the further spring element thus act away from the second limiter, in the direction of the respective rotors.
  • the axial flow machine can further comprise a bearing.
  • the bearing can interact with at least one of the rotors in order to transmit the externally applied force to the rotors. In this way, an externally predetermined force can be transmitted to the Ro gates with low friction in order to achieve the torque to be achieved.
  • phase-shifted current can be applied to the windings of the stator in such a way that the externally applied force on the rotors results from an increased magnetic flux produced by the stator.
  • This can also be combined with the bearing defined above, so that a mechanical and electrical force can be used to reduce the air gap.
  • the radial flux machine includes a shaft.
  • the radial flux machine further comprises a rotor.
  • the rotor is connected to the shaft.
  • the pole caps of the respective rotors are provided with one or more magnets.
  • the radial flux machine also includes a stator.
  • the stator surrounds the shaft.
  • the shaft can interact with the stator by means of a suitable bearing.
  • An air gap is formed between the stator and the respective magnets of the pole caps.
  • the electrically operated coil is designed to generate an additional radial magnetic flux during operation of the radial flux machine in order to provide a higher magnetic flux between the rotor and the stator.
  • the air gap can be defined in such a way that it is the distance between one of the pole caps of the rotor and the stator when these are directly opposite each other, for example during operation, and thus have a shortest distance.
  • the coil can be operated or switched on.
  • the higher required torque can be at least twice, three times, four times, five times, six times or ten times as high as a torque in normal operation.
  • Normal operation can be understood as an operation with no load connected to the drive. This can also apply to the axial flow machine described above.
  • the operation of the electric motor can thus be adapted as a function of the situation without experiencing excessive losses in normal operation.
  • the respective magnets for example permanent magnets, can be smaller than 1/2 (or 1/3 or 1/4 or 1/5) of a width of the air gap.
  • one winding of the coil can bear against the respective magnet.
  • the magnet can also be surrounded by the winding of the coil.
  • the invention relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) electric machine with field amplification.
  • PMSM permanent magnet synchronous motor
  • An electric machine with field weakening can also be provided, in which, however, the normal state (without active adjustment / influencing) is operation with reduced magnetic flux through the coils.
  • the magnetic flux through the coils can be selectively increased by means of active adjustment / influencing of the motor (operation with field strength). Since the operating times with increased torque requirement only make up a small proportion of the total operating time, any additional losses due to an active field strengthening only have a small influence on the total losses.
  • a design with mechanical adjustment / influencing of the magnetic flux can be provided. This design can be an axial flow machine with two rotors, which are arranged to the right and left of a central stator. The windings for generating an electromotive force (torque) / power of the electric machine can be arranged on the stator.
  • the rotors can be rotatably mounted on a shaft but displaceable in the axial direction bar.
  • the area in which each rotor can be moved in the axial direction on the shaft can be limited by means of fixed stops. Fixed stops can limit the approach to the stator and ensure a minimum air gap.
  • Further fixed stops can limit the maximum distance to the stator and limit the air gap distance to a maximum value.
  • a spring (or several springs) can push the rotors apart (away from the stator) against the “Max” fixed stops, which limit the maximum air gap distance.
  • the spring can act against the attractive forces between the stator and the permanent magnets on the rotor.
  • the spring can be designed in such a way that it is stronger than the forces of attraction, so that a maximum air gap is established without the action of additional forces (e.g. by an actuator) (normal operation / rest position without field strength).
  • the magnetic flow through the stator and the stator windings can be low.
  • the electric machine can be suitable for higher speeds, but only generate a limited torque.
  • the control forces on the right and left can be generated e.g. by means of mechanical actuators that act on the rotors via axial bearings.
  • mechanical actuators that act on the rotors via axial bearings.
  • an increased current supply to the stator windings with a suitable phase position can increase the force of attraction between the rotor and stator and thus overcome the spring force.
  • This variant has the advantage that no separate actuator is required to activate the field strength.
  • control forces Re and Li are applied independently of one another, the field can be strengthened in two stages.
  • the field amplification can also be controlled more finely.
  • This embodiment can be a radial flux machine with a rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with stator windings.
  • the permanent magnets on the rotor can be designed specifically for a low field flow through the stator windings.
  • the magnets only allow operation with reduced torque generation.
  • the electric machine can be operated at high speeds with reduced losses (e.g. eddy currents, magnetic reversal, etc.) and without field weakening.
  • the costs for the expensive permanent magnets are reduced.
  • the rotor can have windings which are arranged in such a way that they can amplify the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets (field amplification).
  • each permanent magnetic pole has a winding surrounding its main magnetic flux.
  • the rotor windings can be controlled electrically in a targeted manner, so that the magnetic flow through the stator windings is increased. This brings about a targeted field enhancement.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of an axial flow machine
  • FIG. 1 b shows a schematic representation of a field intensification in the axial flow machine
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a radial flow machine.
  • spatially relative terms such as “below”, “below”, “lower” / lower “,” above “,” upper “/” upper “,” left “,” left / left ”,“ right ”,“ right / right ”and the like, are used to simply describe the relationship of an element or structure to one or more other elements or structures shown in the figures are shown.
  • the spatially relative terms are intended to include other orientations of the component in use or in operation in addition to the orientation shown in the figures.
  • the component can be oriented differently (rotated 90 degrees or in a different orientation), and the spatially relative descriptors used here can also be interpreted accordingly.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of an axial flow machine.
  • the axial flow machine comprises a shaft 1, which is connected to the drive and is therefore responsible for the transmission of the force.
  • the axis of rotation Rx which represents the axis of rotation of the shaft 1, runs along a longitudinal direction of the shaft 1. Furthermore, a direction of the rotation axis Rx is also defined as an axial direction x.
  • the axial flux machine also includes a left rotor 2, which can be seen in the arrangement and has a left rotor magnet 3. Furthermore, the axial flow machine comprises a rotor on the right 4, which has a rotor magnet on the right 5.
  • the rotors on the left 2 and right 2 are in this case via a guide (not shown) of the shaft 1, which is shown in FIG runs in the axial direction x, connected to the shaft 1 in a twisted manner.
  • a force of the rotors left 2 and right 4 can be transmitted to the shaft.
  • a stator 6 with stator windings of the axial flux machine is located between the left rotor 2 and the right rotor 4.
  • an air gap b is reduced from a first to a second position if necessary in order to generate a field strength and to meet high torque requirements.
  • the axial flow machine comprises spring elements 7, which each exert a force on the left rotor 2 and the right rotor 4, which is directed away from the stator 6 with stator windings.
  • the direction of action of the two spring elements 7, which can also be a single spring element 7 around the shaft 1, is directed such that the rotors left 2 and right 4 are pushed away from each other (in FIG. 1 a to the left and right).
  • the maximum air gap air gap b is defined by a left fixed stop Max left 10 and a right fixed stop Max right 11 with respect to the respective rotor left 2 and rotor right 4.
  • the fixed stops mentioned in relation to the figures are limiters that allow freedom of movement in the axial direction (the only way to move the rotors left 2 and right 4) be limited to one area.
  • a minimum air gap b is defined by a left fixed stop Min left 8 and a right fixed stop Min right 9 with respect to the respective rotor on the left 2 and the rotor on the right 4.
  • the fixed stops (8, 9, 10, 11) can be used as a concentric form around the Shaft be attached or single or several rigid elements connected to the shaft 1.
  • the spring elements 7 cause a force in the direction of the fixed stop Max left 10 or the fixed stop Max right 11, the spring elements 7 each pressing the rotor left 2 against the fixed stop Max left 10 and the rotor right 4 against the fixed stop Max right 11.
  • the fixed stop Min left 8 and the fixed stop Min right 8 can be designed as a single part.
  • the part can concentrically surround a part of the spring element 7 and thus limit a path of the rotors between the respective fixed stops Min 10 / Max 11 and the stator.
  • the fixed stops 8 and 9 are spacers for the rotors 2 and 4 left and right, so that the rotors 2 and 4 do not come into contact with the stator 6 and a defined torque can be applied.
  • FIG. 1a shows the state if there is no external force acting on the rotors.
  • FIG. 1 b the influence of an externally added force is described based on FIG. 1 a.
  • FIG. 1a may have one or more optional additional features that correspond to one or more aspects that are mentioned in connection with the proposed concept or embodiments described below with reference to FIGS. 1b and 2.
  • Figure 1b shows a schematic representation of a field strengthening in the axial flow machine.
  • a force which can act mechanically and electromechanically on the rotors on the left 2 and right 4 is applied to the rotors on the left 2 and right 4 against the force of the spring elements 7.
  • the spring elements 7 are compressed and the air gap b between the stator 6 and the respective rotors left 2 and right 4 is reduced.
  • the rotors left 2 and right 4 change their axial position from the respective fixed stops Max 10 and 11 in the direction of the fixed stops Min 8 and 9.
  • the force or forces F1 and F2 acting from the outside on the rotors left 2 and right 4 must be Exceed the spring force of the spring elements 7.
  • a force F1 can also be applied to just one of the spring elements 7 in order to achieve a predetermined torque.
  • the externally acting forces F1 and F2 can on the one hand be transferred to the rotors on the left 2 and right 4 via a bearing. carried out mechanical actuation and on the other hand via a phase-controlled actuation of the stator windings of the stator 6.
  • Fig. 1b may have one or more optional additional features that correspond to one or more aspects that are in connection with the proposed concept or one or more above (z. B. Fig. 1a) or below (z B. Fig. 2) described embodiments are mentioned.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a radial flow machine.
  • the radial flow machine comprises a shaft 1, which runs along an axis of rotation Rx, and a rotor 12 connected to the shaft 1.
  • the rotor 12 has several pole caps, each of which is equipped with rotor magnets 13.
  • the individual pole caps have rotor windings 15 which are provided for providing an additional magnetic flux.
  • the air gap width b can be increased by the corre sponding rotor magnets 13 are reduced. This is shown by the rotor thickness d in FIG.
  • the rotor 12 can be enlarged in its circumference or its pole caps can be enlarged.
  • the air gap b can maintain its width in this case, the respective rotor magnets 13 being designed correspondingly smaller.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur électrique pour un entraînement de véhicule automobile ou des unités auxiliaires de celui-ci, comprenant un arbre (1) pour la sortie de couple, l'arbre (1) étant relié à au moins un rotor (2, 4, 12) pour une rotation conjointe, le ou les rotors (2, 4, 12) étant fonctionnellement reliés pendant le fonctionnement à un stator associé (6, 14), et des moyens structurels étant associés au ou aux rotors (2, 4, 12) pour mettre en œuvre une amélioration de champ dans un entrefer (b) entre le ou les rotors (2, 4, 12) et le stator (6, 14) dans l'état opérationnel d'une densité de flux magnétique souhaitée dans l'entrefer (b).
PCT/DE2021/100106 2020-02-21 2021-02-04 Moteur électrique avec amélioration de champ WO2021164815A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020104575.1A DE102020104575A1 (de) 2020-02-21 2020-02-21 Elektromotor mit Feldverstärkung
DE102020104575.1 2020-02-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021164815A1 true WO2021164815A1 (fr) 2021-08-26

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PCT/DE2021/100106 WO2021164815A1 (fr) 2020-02-21 2021-02-04 Moteur électrique avec amélioration de champ

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DE (1) DE102020104575A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021164815A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114884243A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-08-09 山东大学 一种基于混合转子的轴向磁通永磁电机

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6137203A (en) * 1997-12-12 2000-10-24 New Generation Motors Corporation Electric motor with active hysteresis-based control of winding currents and/or having an efficient stator winding arrangement and/or adjustable air gap
DE202007007217U1 (de) * 2007-05-18 2007-08-02 Yeh, Don-Lon Bürstenloser Motor mit einer lastabhängigen, automatischen Verstellung von Luftspalt
JP2010041742A (ja) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-18 Asmo Co Ltd アキシャル磁気浮上回転モータ及びアキシャル磁気浮上回転モータを用いたターボ形ポンプ
DE102011120434A1 (de) * 2010-12-13 2012-06-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Bürstenlose Permanentmagnetmaschine mit Axialfluss
GB2511542A (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-10 Ashwoods Automotive Ltd Axial flux electrical machines
EP2782226A2 (fr) * 2013-03-20 2014-09-24 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Rotor de machine électrique à aimants permanents avec flux magnétique contrôlé

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018217983A1 (de) 2018-10-22 2020-04-23 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Rotor und Maschine mit supraleitendem Permanentmagneten in einem Rotorträger

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6137203A (en) * 1997-12-12 2000-10-24 New Generation Motors Corporation Electric motor with active hysteresis-based control of winding currents and/or having an efficient stator winding arrangement and/or adjustable air gap
DE202007007217U1 (de) * 2007-05-18 2007-08-02 Yeh, Don-Lon Bürstenloser Motor mit einer lastabhängigen, automatischen Verstellung von Luftspalt
JP2010041742A (ja) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-18 Asmo Co Ltd アキシャル磁気浮上回転モータ及びアキシャル磁気浮上回転モータを用いたターボ形ポンプ
DE102011120434A1 (de) * 2010-12-13 2012-06-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Bürstenlose Permanentmagnetmaschine mit Axialfluss
GB2511542A (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-10 Ashwoods Automotive Ltd Axial flux electrical machines
EP2782226A2 (fr) * 2013-03-20 2014-09-24 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Rotor de machine électrique à aimants permanents avec flux magnétique contrôlé

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114884243A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-08-09 山东大学 一种基于混合转子的轴向磁通永磁电机
CN114884243B (zh) * 2022-04-25 2024-01-19 山东大学 一种基于混合转子的轴向磁通永磁电机

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