WO2021159944A1 - Capteur d'image, ensemble caméra et terminal mobile - Google Patents

Capteur d'image, ensemble caméra et terminal mobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021159944A1
WO2021159944A1 PCT/CN2021/073294 CN2021073294W WO2021159944A1 WO 2021159944 A1 WO2021159944 A1 WO 2021159944A1 CN 2021073294 W CN2021073294 W CN 2021073294W WO 2021159944 A1 WO2021159944 A1 WO 2021159944A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pixel
color
cross
section
panchromatic
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PCT/CN2021/073294
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨鑫
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Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Publication of WO2021159944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021159944A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
    • H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of imaging technology, and in particular to an image sensor, a camera assembly and a mobile terminal.
  • Mobile terminals such as mobile phones are often equipped with cameras to realize the function of taking pictures.
  • An image sensor is provided in the camera.
  • the image sensor In order to realize the collection of color images, the image sensor is usually provided with color pixels, and the color pixels are arranged in a Bayer array.
  • full-color pixels with higher sensitivity than color pixels are added to the image sensor.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an image sensor, a camera assembly, and a mobile terminal.
  • the image sensor includes panchromatic pixels and color pixels, wherein the color pixels have a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixels.
  • the pixel area of the color pixel is larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel.
  • the doping concentration of the n-well layer of the panchromatic pixel is greater than the doping concentration of the n-well layer of the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel; and /Or, the depth of the n well layer of the panchromatic pixel is greater than the depth of the n well layer of the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel.
  • the present application also provides a camera assembly.
  • the camera assembly includes a lens and an image sensor.
  • the image sensor includes panchromatic pixels and color pixels, wherein the color pixels have a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixels.
  • the pixel area of the color pixel is larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel.
  • the doping concentration of the n-well layer of the panchromatic pixel is greater than the doping concentration of the n-well layer of the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel; and /Or, the depth of the n well layer of the panchromatic pixel is greater than the depth of the n well layer of the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel.
  • this application also provides a mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal includes a housing and a camera assembly, and the camera assembly is combined with the housing.
  • the camera assembly includes a lens and an image sensor.
  • the image sensor includes panchromatic pixels and color pixels, wherein the color pixels have a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixels.
  • the pixel area of the color pixel is larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel.
  • the doping concentration of the n-well layer of the panchromatic pixel is greater than the doping concentration of the n-well layer of the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel; and /Or, the depth of the n well layer of the panchromatic pixel is greater than the depth of the n well layer of the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of exposure saturation time for different color channels
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pixel circuit in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of photoelectric conversion elements (or filters) in the pixel array in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is another schematic diagram of the arrangement of photoelectric conversion elements (or filters) in the pixel array in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram of the arrangement of photoelectric conversion elements (or filters) in the pixel array in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic diagram of the arrangement of photoelectric conversion elements (or filters) in the pixel array in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a pixel array in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another pixel array in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another pixel array in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a camera assembly in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides an image sensor 10 that includes panchromatic pixels W and color pixels.
  • the color pixel has a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixel W, and the pixel area of the color pixel is larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel (as shown in FIG. 8), so that the panchromatic pixel W has a larger full well than that of the color pixel.
  • the depth H1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the depth H2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel (as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10), so that the panchromatic pixel W has more than the color pixel Larger full well capacity.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is the same as the shape of the cross section of the color pixel, and the length of at least one side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than that of the panchromatic pixel W The length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the color pixel; when the length of the partial side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, the length of the remaining side of the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the length of the panchromatic pixel The length of the corresponding side of the cross section of W.
  • the cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W are rectangular, and the cross-sectional width W of the color of the color pixels is larger than the width W of the cross section of a full-color pixel W full length L of the cross section of the color pixel color is greater than or equal to the length L of the whole cross-section of a full-color pixel W.
  • the cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W have rectangular cross-section and the length L of the color-color pixels is greater than the length L of the cross section of panchromatic pixels W color, the color cross-sectional width W of the color pixels is equal to or greater than the width W of the whole cross-section of a full-color pixel W.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is different from the shape of the cross section of the color pixel, the number of side lengths of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the number of side lengths of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the color The length of any side of the cross section of the pixel is greater than or equal to the length of any side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the cross section of the color pixel is a regular octagon
  • the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is a square
  • the side length L of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is the same as the width of the color pixel. a cross-sectional side length L equal color.
  • color pixels include multiple types, and different types of color pixels have different spectral responses, and the pixel area of a color pixel with a wider spectral response is less than or equal to that of a color with a narrower spectral response.
  • the pixel area of the pixel is less than or equal to that of a color with a narrower spectral response.
  • the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel form a two-dimensional pixel array, and the two-dimensional pixel array includes a minimum repeating unit.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged at the first diagonal In the line direction D1, the color pixels are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2, and the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the panchromatic pixels W and the color pixels form a two-dimensional pixel array.
  • the two-dimensional pixel array includes a minimum repeating unit. In the minimum repeating unit, a plurality of color pixels and at least one panchromatic pixel are included.
  • the diagonal direction D1 at least two second color pixels B are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the present application also provides a camera assembly 40.
  • the camera assembly 40 includes a lens 30 and an image sensor 10.
  • the image sensor 10 receives light passing through the lens 30 to obtain an original image.
  • the image sensor 10 includes panchromatic pixels W and color pixels.
  • the color pixel has a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixel W, and the pixel area of the color pixel is larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel (as shown in FIG.
  • the panchromatic pixel W has a larger full well than that of the color pixel. Capacity; and/or, the depth H1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the depth H2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel (as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10), so that the panchromatic pixel W has more than the color pixel Larger full well capacity.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is the same as the shape of the cross section of the color pixel, and the length of at least one side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than that of the panchromatic pixel W The length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the color pixel; when the length of the partial side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, the length of the remaining side of the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the length of the panchromatic pixel The length of the corresponding side of the cross section of W.
  • the cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W are rectangular, and the cross-sectional width W of the color of the color pixels is larger than the width W of the cross section of a full-color pixel W full length L of the cross section of the color pixel color is greater than or equal to the length L of the whole cross-section of a full-color pixel W.
  • the cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W have rectangular cross-section and the length L of the color-color pixels is greater than the length L of the cross section of panchromatic pixels W color, the color cross-sectional width W of the color pixels is equal to or greater than the width W of the whole cross-section of a full-color pixel W.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is different from the shape of the cross section of the color pixel, the number of side lengths of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the number of side lengths of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the color The length of any side of the cross section of the pixel is greater than or equal to the length of any side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the cross section of the color pixel is a regular octagon
  • the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is a square
  • the side length L of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is the same as the width of the color pixel. a cross-sectional side length L equal color.
  • color pixels include multiple types, and different types of color pixels have different spectral responses, and the pixel area of a color pixel with a wider spectral response is less than or equal to that of a color with a narrower spectral response.
  • the pixel area of the pixel is less than or equal to that of a color with a narrower spectral response.
  • the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel form a two-dimensional pixel array, and the two-dimensional pixel array includes a minimum repeating unit.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged at the first diagonal In the line direction D1, the color pixels are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2, and the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • panchromatic pixels W and color pixels form a two-dimensional pixel array.
  • the two-dimensional pixel array includes a minimum repeating unit. In the minimum repeating unit, a plurality of color pixels and at least one panchromatic pixel are included.
  • the diagonal direction D1 at least two second color pixels B are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the present application also provides a mobile terminal 60.
  • the mobile terminal 60 includes a housing 50 and a camera assembly 40.
  • the camera assembly 40 is combined with the housing 50.
  • the camera assembly 40 includes a lens 30 and an image sensor 10.
  • the image sensor 10 receives light passing through the lens 30 to obtain an original image.
  • the image sensor 10 includes panchromatic pixels W and color pixels.
  • the color pixel has a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixel W, and the pixel area of the color pixel W is larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel.
  • the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel (as shown in FIG.
  • the panchromatic pixel W has a larger full well than that of the color pixel. Capacity; and/or, the depth H1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the depth H2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel (as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10), so that the panchromatic pixel W has more than the color pixel Larger full well capacity.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is the same as the shape of the cross section of the color pixel, and the length of at least one side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than that of the panchromatic pixel W The length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the color pixel; when the length of the partial side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, the length of the remaining side of the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the length of the panchromatic pixel The length of the corresponding side of the cross section of W.
  • the cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W are rectangular, and the cross-sectional width W of the color of the color pixels is larger than the width W of the cross section of a full-color pixel W full length L of the cross section of the color pixel color is greater than or equal to the length L of the whole cross-section of a full-color pixel W.
  • the cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W have rectangular cross-section and the length L of the color-color pixels is greater than the length L of the cross section of panchromatic pixels W color, the color cross-sectional width W of the color pixels is equal to or greater than the width W of the whole cross-section of a full-color pixel W.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is different from the shape of the cross section of the color pixel, the number of side lengths of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the number of side lengths of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the color The length of any side of the cross section of the pixel is greater than or equal to the length of any side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the cross section of the color pixel is a regular octagon
  • the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is a square
  • the side length L of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is the same as the width of the color pixel. a cross-sectional side length L equal color.
  • color pixels include multiple types, and different types of color pixels have different spectral responses, and the pixel area of a color pixel with a wider spectral response is less than or equal to that of a color with a narrower spectral response.
  • the pixel area of the pixel is less than or equal to that of a color with a narrower spectral response.
  • the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel form a two-dimensional pixel array, and the two-dimensional pixel array includes a minimum repeating unit.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged at the first diagonal In the line direction D1, the color pixels are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2, and the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the panchromatic pixels W and the color pixels form a two-dimensional pixel array.
  • the two-dimensional pixel array includes a minimum repeating unit. In the minimum repeating unit, a plurality of color pixels and at least one panchromatic pixel are included.
  • the diagonal direction D1 at least two second color pixels B are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2.
  • pixels of different colors receive different exposures per unit time. After some colors are saturated, some colors have not yet been exposed to an ideal state. For example, exposure to 60%-90% of the saturated exposure may have a relatively good signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • RGBW red, green, blue, and full color
  • the horizontal axis is the exposure time
  • the vertical axis is the exposure
  • Q is the saturated exposure
  • LW is the exposure curve of the panchromatic pixel W
  • LG is the exposure curve of the green pixel G
  • LR is the red pixel R
  • the exposure curve of LB is the exposure curve of the blue pixel.
  • the slope of the exposure curve LW of the panchromatic pixel W is the largest, that is, the panchromatic pixel W can obtain more exposure per unit time, and reach saturation at t1.
  • the slope of the exposure curve LG of the green pixel G is the second, and the green pixel is saturated at time t2.
  • the slope of the exposure curve LR of the red pixel R is again the same, and the red pixel is saturated at time t3.
  • the slope of the exposure curve LB of the blue pixel Bu is the smallest, and the blue pixel is saturated at t4.
  • the panchromatic pixel W has been saturated, and the exposure of the three pixels R, G, and B has not yet reached the ideal state.
  • the present application provides an image sensor 10.
  • the image sensor 10 increases the pixel area of the color pixels with lower sensitivity to make the pixel area of the color pixel larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel W, thereby reducing the amount of light received by the panchromatic pixel W; on the other hand, the image sensor 10 Also by increasing the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W with higher sensitivity or increasing the depth H1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W with higher sensitivity, the panchromatic pixel W has more color Larger full well capacity of pixels.
  • the panchromatic pixels will not be overexposed early, which improves the utilization rate of the color pixels, thereby improving the overall sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the image sensor 10, which is conducive to obtaining higher-quality images.
  • the exposure curve in FIG. 1 is only an example, and the slope and the relative relationship of the curve will vary according to different pixel response bands, and the application is not limited to the situation shown in FIG. 1.
  • the slope of the exposure curve of the red pixel R may be lower than the slope of the exposure curve of the blue pixel Bu.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the image sensor 10 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the image sensor 10 includes a pixel array 11, a vertical driving unit 12, a control unit 13, a column processing unit 14 and a horizontal driving unit 15.
  • the image sensor 10 may adopt a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) photosensitive element or a charge-coupled device (CCD, Charge-coupled Device) photosensitive element.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • CCD Charge-coupled Device
  • the pixel array 11 includes a plurality of pixels (not shown in FIG. 2) arranged two-dimensionally in an array, and each pixel includes a photoelectric conversion element 117 (shown in FIG. 3). Each pixel converts light into electric charge according to the intensity of the light incident on it.
  • the vertical driving unit 12 includes a shift register and an address decoder.
  • the vertical drive unit 12 includes readout scanning and reset scanning functions. Readout scanning refers to sequentially scanning unit pixels line by line, and reading signals from these unit pixels line by line. For example, the signal output by each pixel in the pixel row that is selected and scanned is transmitted to the column processing unit 14.
  • the reset scan is used to reset the charge, and the photocharge of the photoelectric conversion element 117 is discarded, so that the accumulation of new photocharge can be started.
  • the signal processing performed by the column processing unit 14 is correlated double sampling (CDS) processing.
  • CDS correlated double sampling
  • the reset level and signal level output from each pixel in the selected pixel row are taken out, and the level difference is calculated.
  • A/D analog-to-digital
  • the horizontal driving unit 15 includes a shift register and an address decoder.
  • the horizontal driving unit 15 sequentially scans the pixel array 11 column by column. Through the selection scanning operation performed by the horizontal driving unit 15, each pixel column is sequentially processed by the column processing unit 14, and is sequentially output.
  • control unit 13 configures timing signals according to the operation mode, and uses various timing signals to control the vertical driving unit 12, the column processing unit 14 and the horizontal driving unit 15 to work together.
  • each pixel (panchromatic pixel W or color pixel) in the pixel array 11 includes a pixel circuit 110, a filter 1182 and a micro lens 1181.
  • the microlens 1181, the filter 1182, and the pixel circuit 110 are arranged in sequence.
  • the micro lens 1181 is used to condense the incident light.
  • the filter 1182 is used to pass light of a certain waveband and filter out the light of other wavebands.
  • the pixel circuit 110 is used to convert the light passing through the corresponding filter 1182 into an electrical signal and transmit the electrical signal to the column processing unit 14 shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel circuit 110 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the pixel circuit 110 in FIG. 3 is applied to each pixel in FIG. 2.
  • the working principle of the pixel circuit 110 will be described below in conjunction with FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
  • the pixel circuit 110 includes a photoelectric conversion element 117 (e.g., photodiode PD), an exposure control circuit 116 (e.g., transfer transistor 112), a reset circuit (e.g., reset transistor 113), and an amplifier circuit (e.g., amplifier The transistor 114) and the selection circuit (for example, the selection transistor 115).
  • a photoelectric conversion element 117 e.g., photodiode PD
  • an exposure control circuit 116 e.g., transfer transistor 112
  • a reset circuit e.g., reset transistor 113
  • an amplifier circuit e.g., amplifier The transistor 114
  • the selection transistor 115 for example, the selection transistor 115.
  • the transfer transistor 112, the reset transistor 113, the amplifying transistor 114, and the selection transistor 115 are, for example, MOS transistors, but are not limited thereto.
  • the gate TG of the transfer transistor 112 is connected to the vertical driving unit 12 through an exposure control line (not shown in the figure); the gate RG of the reset transistor 113 is connected through a reset control line (not shown in the figure). ) Is connected to the vertical driving unit 12; the gate SEL of the selection transistor 114 is connected to the vertical driving unit 12 through a selection line (not shown in the figure).
  • the exposure control circuit 116 (for example, the transfer transistor 112) in each pixel circuit 110 is electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion element 117 for transferring the electric potential accumulated by the photoelectric conversion element 117 after being irradiated.
  • the photoelectric conversion element 117 includes a photodiode PD, and the anode of the photodiode PD is connected to the ground, for example.
  • the photodiode PD converts the received light into electric charge.
  • the cathode of the photodiode PD is connected to the floating diffusion unit FD via the exposure control circuit 116 (for example, the transfer transistor 112).
  • the floating diffusion unit FD is connected to the gate of the amplifying transistor 114 and the source of the reset transistor 113.
  • the exposure control circuit 116 is the transfer transistor 112, and the control terminal TG of the exposure control circuit 116 is the gate of the transfer transistor 112.
  • the effective level for example, VPIX level
  • the transfer transistor 112 is turned on.
  • the transfer transistor 112 transfers the charge photoelectrically converted by the photodiode PD to the floating diffusion unit FD.
  • the drain of the reset transistor 113 is connected to the pixel power supply VPIX.
  • the source of the reset transistor 113 is connected to the floating diffusion unit FD.
  • a pulse of an effective reset level is transmitted to the gate of the reset transistor 113 via the reset line, and the reset transistor 113 is turned on.
  • the reset transistor 113 resets the floating diffusion unit FD to the pixel power supply VPIX.
  • the gate of the amplifying transistor 114 is connected to the floating diffusion unit FD.
  • the drain of the amplifying transistor 114 is connected to the pixel power supply VPIX.
  • the amplifying transistor 114 After the floating diffusion unit FD is reset by the reset transistor 113, the amplifying transistor 114 outputs the reset level through the output terminal OUT via the selection transistor 115.
  • the amplifying transistor 114 After the charge of the photodiode PD is transferred by the transfer transistor 112, the amplifying transistor 114 outputs a signal level through the output terminal OUT via the selection transistor 115.
  • the drain of the selection transistor 115 is connected to the source of the amplifying transistor 114.
  • the source of the selection transistor 115 is connected to the column processing unit 14 in FIG. 2 through the output terminal OUT.
  • the selection transistor 115 is turned on.
  • the signal output by the amplification transistor 114 is transmitted to the column processing unit 14 through the selection transistor 115.
  • the pixel structure of the pixel circuit 110 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 3.
  • the pixel circuit 110 may have a three-transistor pixel structure, in which the functions of the amplifying transistor 114 and the selecting transistor 115 are performed by one transistor.
  • the exposure control circuit 116 is not limited to a single transfer transistor 112, and other electronic devices or structures with a control terminal to control the conduction function can be used as the exposure control circuit in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the implementation of the single transfer transistor 112 Simple, low cost, and easy to control.
  • the color pixel has a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixel W, and the pixel area of the color pixel is larger than the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel. Since the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel is smaller than that of the color pixel, it is possible to balance the amount of light received by the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel W will not be overexposed prematurely and improve the utilization rate of the color pixel. It should be noted that the pixel area here refers to the cross-sectional area of the filter 1182 in each pixel.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W (that is, the cross section of the filter 1182 of the panchromatic pixel) is the same as the shape of the cross section of the color pixel (that is, the cross section of the filter 1182 of the color pixel) Same, and the length of at least one side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the length of the remaining part of the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the length of part of the side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, the length of the remaining part of the side of the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W length.
  • the cross section of a color pixel has only one side that is longer than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the length of the other sides of the cross section of the color pixel excluding this side are all equal to the length of the panchromatic pixel W
  • the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the color pixel; or, the cross section of the color pixel has two sides that are longer than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the cross section of the color pixel is excluding the two sides
  • the length of the remaining sides is equal to the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W; or, the length of all sides of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the length of the corresponding side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the image sensor 10 (shown in FIG. 2) includes a panchromatic pixel W and a color pixel.
  • the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W and the cross section of the color pixel are both rectangular.
  • Cross-section of cross-section W panchromatic pixels and color pixels each comprising a length and width, cross-sectional area greater than a color pixel cross-sectional area of panchromatic pixels W, a cross-sectional width W of the color of the color pixels is greater than the panchromatic pixels the cross section of the full width W, length L and cross-section of the color of the color pixels is equal to the full cross-section length L of panchromatic pixels.
  • cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W when the cross-section of the cross-section of the panchromatic pixels and color pixels W are rectangular, can have a length L is a transverse cross-section of the color pixels is greater than the color panchromatic pixel W color section length L, width W and the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the cross-sectional color panchromatic pixel W of full width W of the cross section so that the color of the pixel is larger than the area of cross panchromatic pixel W is, in this No restrictions.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the color pixel and the cross-sectional shape of the panchromatic pixel W are both rectangular, which can reduce the structural complexity of the filter 1182 and simplify the manufacturing process of the image sensor 10.
  • the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W and the cross section of the color pixel may also be polygons such as rectangle, square, parallelogram, rhombus, pentagon, hexagon, etc., as long as the cross section area of the color pixel is greater than
  • the area of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the shape of the cross section of the color pixel is the same as the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, which is not limited here.
  • the shape of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is different from the shape of the cross section of the color pixel, wherein the number of side lengths of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the number of side lengths of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W, and the color The length of any side of the cross section of the pixel is greater than or equal to the length of any side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the cross section of the color pixel is a pentagon, the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is a quadrilateral, and the length of any side of the cross section of the color pixel is greater than the length of any side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W; or ,
  • the cross section of the color pixel is a hexagon, the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is a quadrilateral, and the length of any side of the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the length of any side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W; or,
  • the cross section of the color pixel is octagonal, the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is quadrilateral, and the length of any side of the cross section of the color pixel is equal to the length of any side of the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the image sensor 10 includes panchromatic pixels W and color pixels.
  • the cross-sectional area of the color pixel is larger than the cross-sectional area of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the shape of the cross section of the color pixel is a regular octagon, that is, the length of the eight sides of the cross section of the color pixel are all L colors ;
  • the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W is square, that is, the cross section of the panchromatic pixel W side length L four sides are full, and the cross section edge length L color of the color pixels is equal to the cross section of panchromatic pixels W edge length L full.
  • the color pixels include multiple types, different types of color pixels have different spectral responses, and the pixel area of a color pixel with a wider spectral response is smaller than or equal to a pixel area of a color pixel with a narrower spectral response.
  • the image sensor 10 shown in FIG. 2 includes panchromatic pixels W and color pixels.
  • the color pixels include red pixels R, green pixels G, and blue pixels Bu with different spectral responses.
  • Bu blue pixel cross section width W B cross-sectional width W of the red pixel R R> cross-section width W of the green pixel G G> cross section of the full width W of the panchromatic pixels, and the blue pixel Bu
  • the area of the cross-sectional area of the red pixel R> the cross-sectional area of the green pixel G> the cross-sectional area of the panchromatic pixel.
  • the green pixel G Since the green pixel G has a wider spectral response than the blue pixel Bu and the red pixel R, if the cross-sectional area of the green pixel G is equal to the cross-sectional area of the blue pixel Bu and the cross-sectional area of the red pixel R At this time, the green pixel G will absorb more light than the blue pixel Bu and the red pixel R, so that when the green pixel G reaches saturation, the blue pixel Bu and the red pixel R have not yet been exposed to an ideal state. If the embodiment as shown in FIG.
  • the cross-sectional area of the green pixel G is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the blue pixel Bu and the cross-sectional area of the red pixel R, so that the green pixel G and the blue pixel Bu can be balanced.
  • the amount of light received by the three and the red pixel R prevents the green pixel G from being exposed in advance, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the blue pixel Bu and the red pixel R and improving the image quality.
  • the cross-sectional area of the blue pixel Bu may also be greater than the cross-sectional area of the red pixel R, and the relationship between the cross-sectional areas of the other types of pixels is the same as that in the embodiment described in FIG. 7. This will not be repeated here. Since pixels with different spectral responses have different cross-sectional areas, and pixels with a narrower spectral response width, the larger the cross-sectional area, in order to balance the light collection of pixels with different spectral responses to improve The utilization rate of all pixels in the image sensor 10 improves the overall sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the image sensor 10, which is beneficial to obtain a higher-quality image.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show various schematic cross-sectional views of the pixel array 11 taken along the light-receiving direction of the image sensor 10 in any one of the embodiments described in FIGS. 4 to 7.
  • Each panchromatic pixel W and each color pixel includes a microlens 1181, a filter 1182, and a photoelectric conversion element 117.
  • the microlens 1181, the filter 1182, and the photoelectric conversion element 117 are sequentially arranged.
  • the photoelectric conversion element 117 can convert received light into electric charges.
  • the photoelectric conversion element 117 includes a substrate 1171 and an n-well layer 1172 formed inside the substrate 1171.
  • the n-well layer 1172 can realize light-to-charge conversion. Conversion.
  • the filter 1182 is disposed on the surface of the n well layer 1172 away from the substrate 1171, and the filter 1182 can pass light of a specific wavelength band.
  • the microlens 1181 is arranged on the side of the filter 1182 far away from the n-well layer 1172. The microlens 1181 is used for condensing light and can guide the incident light to the photoelectric conversion element 117 more.
  • the saturated exposure amount Q of the pixel is related to the full well capacity of the photoelectric conversion element 117.
  • the full well capacity is related to the doping concentration and volume of the n-well layer 1172 of the photoelectric conversion element 117.
  • the full well capacity of the photoelectric conversion element 117 is related to the volume of the n well layer 1172 of the photoelectric conversion element 117, and the volume of the n well layer 1172 is larger , The larger the full well capacity.
  • the volume of the n-well layer 1172 is related to the cross-section and depth of the n-well layer.
  • the volume of the n well layer 1172 can be increased by increasing the depth.
  • the full well capacity of the photoelectric conversion element 117 is related to the doping concentration of the n well layer 1172 of the photoelectric conversion element 117, and the doping concentration of the n well layer 1172 The larger is, the larger the full well capacity is.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pixel array 11 of any one of the embodiments described in FIGS. 4 to 7 taken along the light-receiving direction.
  • the size of the multiple cross-sections of the n-well layer 1172 of each pixel is the same; the size of the cross-section of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is smaller than the n-potential of the color pixel.
  • the size of the cross section of the well layer 1172; the depth H1 of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is equal to the depth H2 of the n well layer 1172 of the color pixel, and the doping concentration of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W C1 is greater than the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel W has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel to the cross-sectional area of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is N, and the doping concentration of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel C1
  • the ratio of the doping concentration C2 to the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel is M, N and M are both greater than 1, and M is greater than N, that is, the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel
  • the ratio of the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 is greater than the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the well layer 1172 of the color pixel n to the cross-sectional area of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel, so that the panchromatic pixel
  • the full well capacity of the n well layer 1172 of W is greater than the full well capacity of the n well layer 11
  • the dimensions of the multiple cross-sections of the n-well layer 1172 of the same pixel are all equal.
  • the side lengths are all equal.
  • the cross-section can be a rectangle, square, parallelogram, rhombus, pentagon, hexagon, etc. polygons, of course, along the light-receiving direction, the size of multiple cross-sections of the n-well layer 1172 of each pixel (the same pixel) It can also be unequal, and there is no restriction here.
  • the panchromatic pixel W since the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel, the panchromatic pixel W has a larger full well capacity than that of the color pixel. , The exposure amount Q at which the panchromatic pixel W is saturated is increased; on the other hand, since the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel W is smaller than that of the color pixel, the amount of light entering the filter 1182 in the panchromatic pixel W can be reduced. Under the combined effect of these two aspects, the problem of premature saturation of the panchromatic pixel W can be avoided, the exposure of the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel can be balanced, and the image shooting quality can be improved.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pixel array 11 of any one of the embodiments described in FIGS. 4 to 7 taken along the light-receiving direction.
  • the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the full-color pixel W is equal to the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel.
  • the size of the multiple cross-sections of the n-well layer 1172 of each pixel is the same; the size of the cross-section of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is smaller than the n-potential of the color pixel
  • the size of the cross section of the well layer 1172; the depth H1 of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the depth H2 of the n well layer 1172 of the color pixel.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel to the cross-sectional area of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is N
  • the depth H1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel is equal to the color
  • the ratio of the depth H2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the pixel is M, N and M are both greater than 1, and M is greater than N, that is, the depth H1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W and the n-well layer of the color pixel
  • the ratio of the depth H2 of 1172 is greater than the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the well layer 1172 of the color pixel n to the cross-sectional area of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel, so that the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W
  • the volume of is greater than the volume of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel,
  • the panchromatic pixel W has a larger full-well capacity than that of the color pixel, increasing the panchromatic The amount of exposure Q at which the pixel W is saturated; on the other hand, since the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel W is smaller than the pixel area of the color pixel, the amount of light entering the filter 1182 in the panchromatic pixel W can be reduced. Under the combined effect of these two aspects, the problem of premature saturation of the panchromatic pixel W can be avoided, the exposure of the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel can be balanced, and the image shooting quality can be improved.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pixel array 11 of any of the embodiments described in FIGS. 4 to 7 taken along the light-receiving direction.
  • the doping concentration C1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the doping concentration C2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel.
  • the size of the cross section of the n well layer 1172 of each panchromatic pixel W gradually increases, and the size of the cross section of the n well layer 1172 of each color pixel gradually decreases.
  • the size of the smallest cross section of the n well layer 1172 of W is smaller than the size of the smallest cross section of the n well layer 1172 of the color pixel, and the size of the largest cross section of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is larger than that of the color pixel.
  • the depth H1 of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the depth H2 of the n-well layer 1172 of the color pixel, so that the volume of the n-well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is larger than that of the n-well layer of the color pixel.
  • panchromatic pixel W has a larger full well capacity than color pixels.
  • the depth H1 of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the depth H2 of the n well layer 1172 of the color pixel, so that the volume of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is larger than that of the color pixel.
  • the volume of 1172 even if the panchromatic pixel has a larger full well capacity than the color pixel, increases the exposure Q of the panchromatic pixel saturation; on the other hand, because the pixel area of the panchromatic pixel W is smaller than that of the color pixel Therefore, the amount of light entering the filter 1182 in the panchromatic pixel W can be reduced. Under the combined effect of these two aspects, the problem of premature saturation of the panchromatic pixel W can be avoided, the exposure of the panchromatic pixel W and the color pixel can be balanced, and the image shooting quality can be improved.
  • the depth H1 of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel may be greater than the depth H2 of the n well layer 1172 of the color pixel. That is, while the volume of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than the volume of the n well layer 1172 of the color pixel), the doping concentration C1 of the n well layer 1172 of the panchromatic pixel W is greater than that of the color pixel.
  • the doping concentration C2 of the n well layer 1172 increases the exposure Q at which the panchromatic pixel W is saturated, and avoids the problem of early saturation of the panchromatic pixel W.
  • FIGS. 11 to 27 show examples of pixel arrangement in various image sensors 10 (shown in FIG. 2).
  • the image sensor 10 includes a two-dimensional pixel array composed of a plurality of color pixels (e.g., a plurality of first color pixels A, a plurality of second color pixels B, and a plurality of third color pixels C) and a plurality of panchromatic pixels W (i.e., The pixel array 11 shown in FIG. 2).
  • the color pixel has a narrower spectral response than the panchromatic pixel W.
  • the response spectrum of the color pixel is, for example, a part of the W response spectrum of the panchromatic pixel.
  • the two-dimensional pixel array includes the smallest repeating unit ( Figures 11 to 27 show examples of the smallest repeating unit of pixels in a variety of image sensors 10), the two-dimensional pixel array is composed of multiple smallest repeating units, and the smallest repeating unit is in rows and columns. Copy and arrange on top.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged in the first diagonal direction of the minimum repeating unit, the color pixel is arranged in the second diagonal direction of the minimum repeating unit, and the first diagonal direction is opposite to the second diagonal direction.
  • the line direction is different.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a minimum repeating unit 1811 pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application; the minimum repeating unit is 4 rows, 4 columns and 16 pixels, and the subunits are 2 rows, 2 columns, and 4 pixels.
  • the way is:
  • W represents a full-color pixel
  • A represents a first color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • B represents a second color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • C represents a third color pixel among multiple color pixels.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged in the first diagonal direction D1 (that is, the direction connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner in FIG. 12), and the color pixels are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2 (for example, as shown in FIG. The direction connecting the lower left corner and the upper right corner in 12), the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line are perpendicular.
  • the minimum repeating unit includes four sub-units, and each sub-unit includes two single-color color pixels and two full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper left corner includes two pixels A of the first color and two pixels W of the panchromatic color.
  • the sub-unit in the upper right corner includes two second color pixels B and two panchromatic pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the lower right corner includes two third-color pixels C and two full-color pixels W.
  • first diagonal direction D1 and the second diagonal direction D2 are not limited to the diagonal, but also include directions parallel to the diagonal.
  • the explanation of the first diagonal direction D1 and the second diagonal direction D2 in FIGS. 13 to 27 below is the same as here.
  • the "direction" here is not a single direction, but can be understood as the concept of a "straight line” indicating the arrangement, and there can be two-way directions at both ends of the straight line.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1812 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the minimum repeating unit is 4 rows, 4 columns and 16 pixels, and the sub-units are 2 rows, 2 columns and 4 pixels.
  • the arrangement is as follows:
  • W represents a full-color pixel
  • A represents a first color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • B represents a second color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • C represents a third color pixel among multiple color pixels.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged in the second diagonal direction D2 (that is, the direction connecting the upper right corner and the lower left corner in FIG. 13), and the color pixels are arranged in the first diagonal direction D1 (for example, as shown in FIG. The direction where the upper left corner and the lower right corner are connected in 13).
  • the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line are perpendicular.
  • the minimum repeating unit includes four sub-units, and each sub-unit includes two single-color color pixels and two full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper left corner includes two pixels A of the first color and two pixels W of the panchromatic color.
  • the sub-unit in the upper right corner includes two second color pixels B and two panchromatic pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the lower right corner includes two third-color pixels C and two full-color pixels W.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1813 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1814 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a green pixel G
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1813 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1814 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a green pixel G
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a blue pixel.
  • the response band of the panchromatic pixel W is the visible light band (for example, 400 nm-760 nm).
  • the panchromatic pixel W is provided with an infrared filter to filter out infrared light.
  • the response wavelength band of the panchromatic pixel W is the visible light wavelength band and the near-infrared wavelength band (for example, 400 nm-1000 nm), which matches the response wavelength band of the photoelectric conversion element 117 (for example, the photodiode PD) in the image sensor 10.
  • the panchromatic pixel W may not be provided with a filter or a filter that can transmit light of all wavelength bands, and the response wavelength band of the panchromatic pixel W is determined by the response wavelength band of the photodiode, that is, the two are matched.
  • the embodiments of the present application include, but are not limited to, the above-mentioned waveband range.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1815 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1816 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a yellow pixel Y
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1815 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1816 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a yellow pixel Y
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a blue pixel.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1817 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1818 pixel arrangement in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is magenta pixel M
  • the second color pixel B is cyan pixel Cy
  • the third color pixel C is Yellow pixel Y.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of another pixel arrangement of the smallest repeating unit 1911 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the smallest repeating unit is 36 pixels in 6 rows and 6 columns, and the sub-units are 9 pixels in 3 rows, 3 columns, and the arrangement is:
  • W represents a full-color pixel
  • A represents a first color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • B represents a second color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • C represents a third color pixel among multiple color pixels.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged in the first diagonal direction D1 (that is, the direction connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner in FIG. 20), and the color pixels are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2 (for example, as shown in FIG. The direction connecting the lower left corner and the upper right corner in 20), the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line are perpendicular.
  • the smallest repeating unit includes four sub-units, some of which include four single-color color pixels and five full-color pixels W, and some sub-units include five single-color color pixels and four A panchromatic pixel W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper left corner includes four pixels A of the first color and five pixels W of the panchromatic color.
  • the sub-unit in the upper right corner includes five second-color pixels B and four full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the lower right corner includes four third-color pixels C and five full-color pixels W.
  • all sub-units may include four single-color color pixels and five panchromatic pixels W, or all sub-units may include five single-color color pixels and four panchromatic pixels W, There is no restriction here.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1912 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the smallest repeating unit is 36 pixels in 6 rows and 6 columns, and the sub-units are 9 pixels in 3 rows, 3 columns, and the arrangement is:
  • W represents a full-color pixel
  • A represents a first color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • B represents a second color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • C represents a third color pixel among multiple color pixels.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged in the second diagonal direction D2 (that is, the direction connecting the upper right corner and the lower left corner in FIG. 21), and the color pixels are arranged in the first diagonal direction D1 (for example, as shown in FIG. 21), the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line are perpendicular.
  • the smallest repeating unit includes four sub-units, some of which include four single-color color pixels and five full-color pixels W, and some sub-units include five single-color color pixels and four A panchromatic pixel W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper left corner includes five pixels A of the first color and four pixels W of the panchromatic color.
  • the sub-unit in the upper right corner includes four second-color pixels B and five full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the lower right corner includes five third-color pixels C and four full-color pixels W.
  • all sub-units may include four single-color color pixels and five panchromatic pixels W, or all sub-units may include five single-color color pixels and four panchromatic pixels W, There is no restriction here.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1913 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1914 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a green pixel G
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1913 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1914 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a green pixel G
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a blue pixel.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R; the second color pixel B is a yellow pixel Y; and the third color pixel C is a blue pixel Bu.
  • the first color pixel A is a magenta pixel M; the second color pixel B is a cyan pixel Cy; and the third color pixel C is a yellow pixel Y.
  • the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to this.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1915 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the smallest repeating unit is 8 rows, 8 columns and 64 pixels, and the sub-units are 4 rows, 4 columns and 16 pixels.
  • the arrangement is:
  • W represents a full-color pixel
  • A represents a first color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • B represents a second color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • C represents a third color pixel among multiple color pixels.
  • the panchromatic pixel W is arranged in the first diagonal direction D1 (that is, the direction connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner in FIG. 24), and the color pixels are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2 (for example, as shown in FIG. The direction connecting the upper right corner and the lower left corner in 24), the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line are perpendicular.
  • the smallest repeating unit includes four sub-units, and each sub-unit includes eight single-color color pixels and eight full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper left corner includes eight first-color pixels A and eight full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper right corner includes eight second-color pixels B and eight full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the lower right corner includes eight third-color pixels C and eight full-color pixels W.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1916 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the smallest repeating unit is 8 rows, 8 columns and 64 pixels, and the sub-units are 4 rows, 4 columns and 16 pixels.
  • the arrangement is:
  • W represents a full-color pixel
  • A represents a first color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • B represents a second color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • C represents a third color pixel among multiple color pixels.
  • the panchromatic pixels W are arranged in the second diagonal direction D2 (that is, the direction connecting the upper right corner and the lower left corner in FIG. 25), and the color pixels are arranged in the first diagonal direction D1 (for example, as shown in FIG. The direction connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner in 25), the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line are perpendicular.
  • the smallest repeating unit includes four sub-units, and each sub-unit includes eight single-color color pixels and eight full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper left corner includes eight first-color pixels A and eight full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the upper right corner includes eight second-color pixels B and eight full-color pixels W.
  • the sub-unit in the lower right corner includes eight third-color pixels C and eight full-color pixels W.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1917 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1918 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a green pixel G
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1917 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of another minimum repeating unit 1918 pixel arrangement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R
  • the second color pixel B is a green pixel G
  • the third color pixel C is a blue pixel.
  • Color pixel Bu is a blue pixel.
  • the first color pixel A is a red pixel R; the second color pixel B is a yellow pixel Y; and the third color pixel C is a blue pixel Bu.
  • the first color pixel A is a magenta pixel M; the second color pixel B is a cyan pixel Cy; and the third color pixel C is a yellow pixel Y.
  • the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to this. Please refer to the above description for the specific connection mode of the circuit, which will not be repeated here.
  • the number of pixels in rows and columns in the smallest repeating unit is equal.
  • the minimum repeating unit includes, but is not limited to, a minimum repeating unit of 4 rows and 4 columns, 6 rows and 6 columns, 8 rows and 8 columns, and 10 rows and 10 columns.
  • the number of pixels in rows and columns in sub-units in the smallest repeating unit is also equal.
  • subunits include, but are not limited to, subunits with 2 rows and 2 columns, 3 rows and 3 columns, 4 rows and 4 columns, and 5 rows and 5 columns. This setting helps to balance the resolution and color performance of the image in the row and column directions, and improve the display effect.
  • the smallest repeating unit in the two-dimensional pixel array includes a plurality of color pixels and at least one panchromatic pixel W, wherein the color pixels include at least one first color pixel A, at least two second color pixels B, and at least A third color pixel C. At least one first color pixel A and at least one third color pixel C are arranged in a first diagonal direction, and at least two second color pixels B are arranged in a second diagonal direction.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the pixel arrangement of a minimum repeating unit 1711 in the embodiment of the present application; the minimum repeating unit 1171 includes the minimum repeating unit 1711 including a first color pixel A, a third color pixel C, and two second color pixels. Three-color pixels B and four full-color pixels W.
  • the arrangement method is:
  • W represents a full-color pixel
  • A represents a first color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • B represents a second color pixel among multiple color pixels
  • C represents a third color pixel among multiple color pixels.
  • the first color pixel A and the third color pixel C are arranged in the first diagonal direction D1 (that is, the direction connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner in FIG. 11), and the second color pixel B is arranged in The second diagonal direction (for example, the direction connecting the lower left corner and the upper right corner in FIG. 11), the first diagonal direction D1 is different from the second diagonal direction D2.
  • the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line are perpendicular.
  • the panchromatic pixel W can be set at any position in the minimum repeating unit, and there is no limitation here.
  • the number of panchromatic pixels W may also be one, two, three, five, ten, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the panchromatic pixel W may not be arranged between multiple color pixels, for example, four color pixels are directly arranged in a Bayer array arrangement, and then panchromatic pixels W are added at the periphery of the Bayer array.
  • the pixel array 11 formed by the smallest repeating unit 1811 shown in FIG. 12 will superimpose the pixel values of multiple color pixels in the same sub-unit during subsequent processing, which will reduce the resolution of the final image.
  • the minimum repeating unit 1711 shown in FIG. 11 directly contains all color pixels required to form a color image.
  • the pixel value of each color pixel of the minimum repeating unit 1171 does not need to be superimposed, which can make the final generated image have a higher Resolution.
  • each minimum repeating unit 1711 contains panchromatic pixels, and the panchromatic image generated by panchromatic pixel W can perform brightness correction on the color image generated by the color pixels, thereby improving the brightness of the final color image to obtain higher quality. Image.
  • the present application provides a camera assembly 40.
  • the camera assembly 40 includes the image sensor 10, the processing chip 20, and the lens 30 described in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the image sensor 10 is electrically connected to the processing chip 20.
  • the lens 30 is provided on the optical path of the image sensor 10.
  • the image sensor 10 may receive light passing through the lens 30 to obtain an original image.
  • the processing chip 20 can receive the image output by the image sensor 10 and perform subsequent processing on the image. For example, the full-color image generated by the panchromatic pixels is used to correct the brightness of the color image generated by the color pixels to obtain the final color image.
  • the processing chip 20 can choose whether to use a full-color image to correct the brightness of the color image according to different application scenarios.
  • the full-color image is used to correct the brightness of the color image to improve the imaging quality of the color image; when the remaining power of the camera assembly 40 is low, the brightness of the color image may not be corrected.
  • the power consumption of the camera assembly 40 is reduced, and the battery life of the camera assembly 40 is extended.
  • the full-color image is used to correct the brightness of the color image to improve the imaging quality of the color image; when the ambient brightness is high, the brightness of the color image is already bright enough, and the brightness of the color image is not correct at this time.
  • the correction can prevent the camera assembly 40 from performing unnecessary data processing.
  • the present application also provides a mobile terminal 60.
  • the mobile terminal 60 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart wearable device (such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a smart glasses, a smart helmet, etc.), a head-mounted display device, a virtual reality device, etc., which are not limited here.
  • the mobile terminal 60 includes a housing 50 and a camera assembly 40.
  • the housing 50 and the camera assembly 40 are combined.
  • the camera assembly 40 may be mounted on the housing 50.
  • the mobile terminal 60 may also include a processor (not shown).
  • the processing chip 20 and the processor in the camera assembly 40 may be the same processor or two independent processors, which is not limited here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un capteur d'image (10), un ensemble caméra (40) et un terminal mobile (60). Le capteur d'image (10) comprend des pixels panchromatiques et des pixels de couleur. La zone de pixels des pixels de couleur est supérieure à celle des pixels panchromatiques. La concentration de dopage (C1) des couches de puits à potentiel n (1172) des pixels panchromatiques est supérieure à la concentration de dopage (C2) des couches de puits à potentiel n (1172) des pixels de couleur, de telle sorte que les pixels panchromatiques ont une capacité de puits complète supérieure à celle des pixels de couleur ; et/ou, la profondeur (H1) des couches de puits à potentiel n (1172) des pixels panchromatiques est supérieure à la profondeur (H2) des couches de puits à potentiel n (1172) des pixels de couleur, de telle sorte que les pixels panchromatiques ont la capacité de puits entière supérieure à celle des pixels de couleur.
PCT/CN2021/073294 2020-02-11 2021-01-22 Capteur d'image, ensemble caméra et terminal mobile WO2021159944A1 (fr)

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JP2023516410A (ja) * 2020-03-03 2023-04-19 ホアウェイ・テクノロジーズ・カンパニー・リミテッド イメージセンサおよびイメージ光感知方法
CN112235494B (zh) * 2020-10-15 2022-05-20 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 图像传感器、控制方法、成像装置、终端及可读存储介质

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