WO2021157498A1 - Windmill equipment and windmill blade - Google Patents

Windmill equipment and windmill blade Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021157498A1
WO2021157498A1 PCT/JP2021/003413 JP2021003413W WO2021157498A1 WO 2021157498 A1 WO2021157498 A1 WO 2021157498A1 JP 2021003413 W JP2021003413 W JP 2021003413W WO 2021157498 A1 WO2021157498 A1 WO 2021157498A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
wind
blade
floating
rotation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2021/003413
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
菅野優
Original Assignee
株式会社Okya
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2020018600A external-priority patent/JP6810311B1/en
Priority claimed from JP2020138598A external-priority patent/JP7028395B1/en
Priority claimed from JP2020166853A external-priority patent/JP2022059242A/en
Application filed by 株式会社Okya filed Critical 株式会社Okya
Publication of WO2021157498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021157498A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wind turbine equipment and blades, floating wind turbine equipment, and windshields of floating wind turbine equipment.
  • offshore wind power generation facilities is expanding because they can be operated in an environment with better wind conditions than on land without being restricted by the area on land.
  • Floating offshore wind turbines are generally wind turbines in which three blades (wings) rotate around a horizontal axis of rotation, which is called a horizontal axis and has good power generation efficiency and is easy to increase in size. There is.
  • the floating structure may be shaken and tilted by the waves.
  • the blade pitch is adjusted to reduce the rotation speed in order to keep the rotation speed of the rotor constant. Then, the resistance of the wind to the blade becomes small, and the floating structure is inclined upwind.
  • the relative wind speed with respect to the blade becomes small, and the rotation speed of the rotor of the generator decreases.
  • Control is performed to increase the rotation speed by adjusting the pitch of the blades in order to keep the rotation speed of the rotor constant. Then, the resistance of the wind to the blade increases, and the floating structure further tilts downwind. Such a phenomenon is called negative damping.
  • the rotation axis of the wind turbine is used as the horizontal axis between the fixed bearing frames, and a plurality of rotors are connected to the horizontal axis. Is disclosed in parallel with the horizontal axis, and a technique of a horizontal axis power generation device having high rotational torque and high power generation efficiency even at a low wind speed is disclosed (Patent Document 3).
  • Patent Document 4 a technique is disclosed in which a floating offshore wind turbine not only lands on the seabed and is moored, but also moves to another place by receiving wind from a sail laid on the floating body.
  • Patent Document 5 a means for acquiring a relative angle between a floating body and a wind direction and a method for controlling the posture are disclosed (Patent Document 5), and a method for controlling the posture of the floating body.
  • Examples include a method of changing the angle of the rudder in water, a method of inserting a resistance plate on the leeward side or leeward side of the floating body, a method of using an auxiliary sail in front of or behind the floating body, and a method of using a thruster in water.
  • the facing beams have an acute angle at the joint with each rotation axis, and the support beam is parallel to the rotation axis on the vertically lower side and receives on the upper side.
  • the technology of a wind turbine rotating device capable of expanding the wind body and folding the wind receiver on the lower side is described, and an example of installing the wind body on a floating body structure is illustrated (Patent Document 6).
  • Examples of wind turbines that receive power by receiving wind include horizontal axis wind turbines represented by propeller type wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines such as Darius type wind turbines and gyromill wind turbines. Each has a rotating shaft and one or more blades provided around the rotating shaft.
  • the types of wind turbine blades are classified into a lift type that rotates using the lift generated by the wind and a drag type that rotates using the force that the wind pushes the blade.
  • a vertical axis wind turbine that uses the lift generated by the blades is difficult to obtain rotational torque and has poor startability.
  • a vertical axis wind turbine that utilizes drag on the blades can be activated even in a weak wind, but the rotation of the blades only increases to the same level as the wind speed, resulting in poor energy efficiency. Therefore, the lift type wind turbine is often used in combination with the drag type wind turbine.
  • the startability is improved, when the wind turbine starts to rotate, the drag-type wind turbine portion becomes a resistance to rotation, and the rotation efficiency is lowered.
  • Solidity is one of the important characteristic coefficients that characterize the performance of wind turbines. Solidity is defined as "the ratio of the total projected area of the rotor blades to the sweeped area of the wind turbine". However, the projected area here means projection on a plane perpendicular to the wind direction.
  • drag-type wind turbines have greater solidity than lift-type wind turbines, so the torque generated on the blades is larger than that of lift-type wind turbines.
  • the drag-type wind turbine is better for starting from a stationary state to a weak wind. However, it cannot rotate at a peripheral speed higher than the wind speed acting on the wind turbine.
  • the lift type wind turbine has a small solidity, it can rotate at a high peripheral speed ratio that is several times higher than the wind speed because it uses the lift generated by the blades. Therefore, the energy efficiency obtained is higher in the lift type wind turbine than in the drag type wind turbine.
  • the vertical type Darius type wind turbine belonging to the lift type wind turbine has a demerit that the startability is poor. It is often devised by combining it with the Savonius type of drag-type wind turbine (Patent Document 7).
  • the wind receiving surface is divided into a plurality of vertically long blades, each of which has a rotation axis on one of its vertical sides, and the direction of rotation of the wind receiving surface is behind. It can be opened and closed freely on the side, and when the wind receiving surface is a tail wind, each wing closes and receives the wind, and when the wind is headwind, each wing opens to reduce the wind resistance (Patent Document 9). ). Drag-type wind turbines cannot obtain great energy efficiency because the wind receiving surface cannot move faster than the wind speed.
  • Patent Document 10 A proposal is made in which a lift type wind turbine blade is combined with the proposal of Patent Document 9 (Patent Document 10).
  • Patent Document 10 the vertical blade is in an open state regardless of the wind direction.
  • the vertical blade becomes a resistance to rotation, even if it is slight, and reduces energy efficiency.
  • offshore wind power generation facilities is expanding because they can be operated in an environment with better wind conditions than on land without being restricted by the area on land.
  • Floating offshore wind turbines are generally installed in a landing type in relatively shallow waters, and the application of floating type is considered in deep waters.
  • the wind turbine blade which is a wind receiver, generally stops rotating when the wind speed exceeds a predetermined speed in a strong wind, and is called a cutout. ..
  • FIG. 7 shows the state when the inclination of the horizontal axis wind turbine to the windward side or the leeward side becomes large due to the shaking caused by the influence of the disturbance on the floating structure.
  • the reference position of the wind turbine is 22 with respect to the wind 11.
  • the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 21 and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 23. Regardless of which direction the wind turbine is tilted, the wind receiving area is reduced and the power generation efficiency is reduced.
  • the angle between the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine becomes large, the load on the constituent mechanism of the wind turbine increases, and equipment failure is likely to occur.
  • the inclination of the wind turbine tends to cause the tower to bend or buckle.
  • Fig. 8 shows how the tower tilts upwind and leeward due to the shaking of the floating structure, using a vertical axis wind turbine called the Savonius type as an example.
  • the reference position of the wind turbine is 32 with respect to the wind 11.
  • the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 31 and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 33. Regardless of which direction the wind turbine tilts, the power generation efficiency decreases and the risk of failure increases, as with the horizontal axis type wind turbine.
  • the present invention provides equipment for rotating a wind turbine from a low wind speed region to a high wind speed region, which protects the wind turbine from wind in a storm region and prevents the wind turbine from breaking down even if a floating body shakes. ..
  • the problem to be solved by the first invention is that the sway of the floating structure due to the disturbance such as the wave of the sea surface changes in conjunction with the angle consisting of the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction.
  • the second invention aims to provide a wind turbine having excellent startability and high energy efficiency.
  • the third invention is an object of the floating wind turbine equipment to provide a wind turbine equipment capable of reducing damage to the wind turbine portion under strong wind.
  • the rotation axes of the wind turbine are arranged horizontally and intersect the wind direction in order to stabilize the angle consisting of the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction. The most important feature is to do.
  • the floating structure is also characterized by having a mechanism in which the posture follows the changing wind direction.
  • the direction of rotation of the wind turbine is such that the blade is from leeward to leeward on the upper side of the rotation axis, and the blade is from leeward to leeward on the lower side.
  • the wind turbine has a structure in which the rotation axis is horizontal and intersects the wind direction, for example, a straight-wing vertical axis wind turbine is tilted sideways.
  • the direction of rotation of the wind turbine is such that the blade is from leeward to leeward on the upper side of the rotation axis, and the blade is from leeward to leeward on the lower side.
  • the wind turbine blade is provided with a lid that can be freely opened and closed toward the rotating shaft on the inside of the blade rotation, that is, on the surface on the rotating shaft side.
  • the support shaft for opening and closing the lid is on the rotation traveling side, and the free side is on the rotation rear side.
  • the opening angle of the lid is restricted within a desired range.
  • the lid of the blade above the rotation axis opens downward within the range limited by its own weight, and the open lid becomes the wind receiving surface and generates the starting torque of the wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine has a structure in which the rotation axis is horizontal and intersects the wind direction, for example, a straight-wing vertical axis wind turbine is tilted sideways.
  • the direction of rotation of the wind turbine is such that the blade is from leeward to leeward on the upper side of the rotation axis, and the blade is from leeward to leeward on the lower side.
  • the most important feature of the third invention is to install a windshield between the floating structure and the wind turbine.
  • the windshield is a position that does not block the wind at all when the floating wind turbine equipment is upright, or blocks the wind in the lower half of the rotation axis of the wind turbine, and exerts the windshield effect when it is sufficiently inclined to the leeward side. And install in shape.
  • the floating wind turbine equipment of the first invention is used in a form in which a wind turbine generally called a vertical axis type is laid down sideways.
  • a wind turbine generally called a vertical axis type is laid down sideways.
  • the atmosphere In the range from the surface of the earth called the friction layer of the atmosphere to 1000 m, the atmosphere is decelerated by the friction with the surface of the earth. In other words, the higher the place, the faster the wind speed.
  • the lid on the rotation shaft side of the blade hangs down and opens due to its own weight.
  • the opening angle of the lid is limited by the stopper, and the lid becomes the wind receiving surface, increasing the solidity and improving the maneuverability of the wind turbine.
  • the lid closes to the blade side due to its own weight or wind. When the blade moves toward the headwind side, the wind receiving surface becomes smaller.
  • the lid of the blade When the number of rotations of the wind turbine becomes sufficiently large, the lid of the blade is always closed to the blade side regardless of the positional relationship with the rotation shaft due to the centrifugal force received and the traveling wind of rotation. Since the solidity is small and the blade continues to generate lift, it can rotate at high speed and improve energy efficiency.
  • FIG. 7 shows a state in which the wind turbine is inclined to the windward side or the leeward side. Since the opening and closing of the lid provided on the blade is generated by its own weight and the traveling wind pressure, it functions according to the vertical vertical positional relationship without being affected by the tilted state of the wind turbine.
  • the windshield changes the flow path of the wind, the amount of air directly received by the wind turbine is reduced, and the damage to the wind turbine equipment is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a method of implementing a floating wind turbine facility.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view showing an implementation method of a floating wind turbine facility.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view when the horizontal axis wind turbine is tilted to the windward side or the leeward side.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view when the horizontal axis wind turbine is tilted to the windward side or the leeward side.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a wind turbine called a Savonius type as an example of a vertical axis wind turbine when it is tilted to the windward side or the leeward side.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view when the wind turbine portion of the first invention is inclined to the windward side or the leeward side.
  • FIG. 10 shows a blade in which the wind turbine is stationary or in a low-speed rotation range and is above the rotation shaft, and the lid on the leeward side of the blade is opened by its own weight from the support shaft on the inner side surface of the rotation from the rotation shaft side. It is a seen perspective view. (Example 4) FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a state in which the wind turbine is in the high-speed rotation range and the lid on the inner surface of the rotation of the blade above the rotation axis is closed to the blade side, as viewed from the rotation axis side.
  • Example 4 In FIG. 12, the windmill is stationary or in the low speed rotation range, and the lid on the inner side surface of the rotation of the blade above the rotation axis opens by its own weight and is lowered to the position of the stopper, and the blade below the rotation axis.
  • It is a side view of a schematic configuration example in a state where the lid is closed by its own weight. (Example 4)
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a schematic configuration example in a state where the lid is closed by its own weight.
  • FIG. 13 is a side view of a schematic configuration example in which the wind turbine is rotating clockwise at a high speed around the rotation axis and the lids on the inner side surfaces of rotation of all the blades are closed. The lid is shown slightly away from the blade for clarity, but in actual operation it is integrated with the blade and does not become a resistance to rotation.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a schematic configuration example showing a state in which a wind turbine to which a blade with a lid is applied is loaded on a floating body on water.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a schematic configuration example showing a state in which a wind turbine to which a blade with a lid is applied is loaded on a rotary table. (Example 5) FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a side view of the wind turbine equipment in an upright state.
  • FIG. 17 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined in the windward direction.
  • FIG. 18 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined in the leeward direction.
  • FIG. 19 is a side view showing a state in which the wind is extremely strong and the wind turbine equipment is greatly inclined in the leeward direction.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined in the leeward direction.
  • FIG. 6 FIG.
  • FIG. 21 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment having a large volume at the lower edge of the windshield is inclined in the leeward direction.
  • FIG. 22 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment in which the windshield can slide up and down within a predetermined range of the wind turbine post is inclined in the leeward direction.
  • FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a state in which a side wall is provided on the side surface of the wind turbine blade and the lid on the side surface of the rotating shaft is open.
  • FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing a side wall of each blade and a lid that can be opened and closed on the rotation shaft side, and the lid of the blade at the upper part of the rotation shaft is open to the stopper.
  • Example 9
  • Embodiments of the first invention are shown in Examples 1 to 3.
  • the purpose of stabilizing the angle between the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction regardless of the shaking of the wind turbine is to arrange the rotation axis of the wind turbine horizontally and intersect the wind direction. It was realized by maintaining the attitude of being in the direction of doing.
  • the wind turbine uses a type in which the blade or the wind turbine rotates around the rotation axis by receiving the wind from the side surface of the rotation axis.
  • the wind turbine that receives the wind from the side surface of the rotating shaft may be one that is pushed by the wind called a drag type and rotates, or one that is rotated by the lift generated by the wind called a lift type.
  • the axis of rotation of the wind turbine When the axis of rotation of the wind turbine is crossed horizontally and with the direction of the wind, the axis of rotation may be a double-sided type in which both ends are supported by a support, or a cantilever type in which only one side is supported by a support. In the case of the cantilever type, it is easy to balance the load by attaching rotating shafts on both sides of the support. Structural strength can be obtained by holding the rotating shaft on both sides.
  • the rotation of the wind turbine may be used as mechanical power or may be used for a power generation device.
  • Example 1 of the first invention equipment is shown in FIG. 1, and a side view is shown in FIG.
  • the wind turbine rotates together with the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to the generator to generate electricity.
  • the floating body 5 contains a power generation facility, a power storage facility, and a power control unit.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the angle at which the wind direction intersects with the wind turbine rotation axis does not change even if the equipment of the first invention is tilted in the leeward direction or in the leeward direction due to the shaking caused by the disturbance.
  • the reference position of the wind turbine is 42 with respect to the wind 11.
  • the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 41, and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 43.
  • the wind receiving area does not change regardless of which direction the wind turbine is tilted.
  • Example 2 of the first invention device is shown in FIG. 3, and a side view is shown in FIG.
  • the sail 6 receives the wind and generates lift. Since the equipment of the present invention is not fixed, it moves by the force of the wind.
  • the ladder 7 changes the angle of travel of the moving equipment. Changing the traveling angle of the equipment includes adjusting the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction so that they are not parallel to each other. These help move the equipment of the present invention to sea areas with suitable wind conditions at sea.
  • the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine is best when the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine are orthogonal.
  • the second embodiment may travel diagonally toward the windward side or toward the leeward side, depending on the angle of the movement target sea area with respect to the wind direction.
  • Example 3 of the first invention equipment is shown in FIG. 5, and a side view is shown in FIG.
  • the mooring line 9 connects the equipment of the present invention to the seabed or other structures.
  • the tail feather 6 faces leeward when the wind hits it. It is useful to orient the equipment of the present invention so that the axis of rotation of the wind turbine intersects the wind direction.
  • the crossing means a state in which the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine have an angle, including orthogonality, rather than parallel.
  • Embodiments of the second invention are shown in Examples 4 and 5.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show the open / closed state of the blade and the lid of the second invention.
  • the blade 52 applied to the wind turbine equipment of the fourth embodiment has an airfoil shape.
  • the opened lid 54a is connected to the blade by a support shaft 57 and can be freely opened and closed.
  • the position of the support shaft 57 on the blade is free and may be close to the leading edge of the blade or close to the trailing edge.
  • the position of the support shaft 57 on the blade also includes being on the outer side of rotation, which is the opposite side of the rotation shaft.
  • the position of the free end of the lid is also free, and it may be the trailing edge of the blade, or any position between the trailing edge and the support shaft. The longer the length between the support shaft and the free end of the lid, the larger the area used as the wind receiving part.
  • the length of the lid with respect to the blade length direction may be one piece over the entire length, may be divided into a plurality of pieces, or may be arranged intermittently.
  • the surface of the lid has a shape that becomes part of the airfoil profile of the entire blade.
  • a lid 54 (the open lid is 54a) is attached to the surface of the blade near the rotation axis, with an axis parallel to the rotation axis as a support axis and freely opening and closing toward the rotation axis.
  • the lid is integrated with the blade in the closed state, and the maximum opening angle is up to the stopper 55 in the open state.
  • the stopper may be attached to the arm 53, for example.
  • a method of connecting the lid and the blade with a wire to limit the maximum opening angle of the lid may also be used. By limiting the maximum opening angle of the lid with a stopper or the like, an appropriate wind receiving surface can be obtained.
  • FIG. 12 shows a side view of the fourth embodiment when the wind is weak and the wind turbine is stopped or the rotation speed is low.
  • the lid of the blade above the axis of rotation opens by its own weight.
  • the maximum opening angle is limited by the position of the stopper.
  • the air receiving area is increased by the amount that the lid is opened, so that the solidity is increased and the starting torque of the wind turbine rotation is increased.
  • the lid of the blade located below the rotation axis closes to the blade side due to its own weight. Since the wind receiving area is smaller than when the lid is open, the wind resistance when the blade returns to the windward side can be reduced.
  • FIG. 13 shows a state when the wind speed is sufficiently high.
  • the lid of the blade is pressed against the blade by the centrifugal force of the wind turbine and the traveling wind of rotation, and is always in a closed state regardless of the position. That is, the solidity becomes smaller. It is possible to eliminate the restriction of the rotation speed due to the wind resistance of the wind receiving portion as seen in the vertical axis drag type wind turbine.
  • FIG. 14 shows a state in which the embodiment of the fourth embodiment is installed in the floating structure.
  • the wind turbine is supported by columns 63 at both ends of the rotating shaft and is connected to the floating body 61.
  • the floating body is a catamaran composed of two bodies, and the two floating bodies are connected by a connecting stand 62 to form a wind turbine facility.
  • the wind turbine equipment is moored to the seabed, surrounding structures, ships, etc. by the mooring line 64, and is blown away by the wind so that the wind turbine rotation axis and the wind direction always intersect.
  • the generator 65 connected to the rotating shaft 51 is rotated to generate electricity. Further, the rotation of the wind turbine may be used as direct power.
  • the electricity generated by the generator is stored in a storage battery loaded in the floating body and used to drive the equipment loaded in the floating body, or the surrounding water is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen and stored in the tank. It can be supplied to the outside through an electric wire.
  • FIG. 15 shows the overall configuration of the embodiment of the fifth embodiment. This embodiment is not limited to offshore and may be carried out on land.
  • a plurality of blades are laid at equal intervals around the rotating shaft 51 of the wind turbine via the wind turbine wheel 56.
  • the axis of rotation is horizontal and has a positional relationship that intersects the wind direction of the wind 11.
  • the leading edge of the blade should face leeward when the blade is at the top of the rotation.
  • a lid 54 (the open lid is 54a) that freely opens and closes toward the rotation axis is attached with an opening / closing shaft in a direction parallel to the rotation axis as a fulcrum.
  • the lid is integrated with the blade in the closed state, and the maximum opening angle is up to the stopper 55 mounted on the wind turbine wheel in the open state.
  • the wind turbine is supported by columns 63 via bearings 71 at both ends of the rotating shaft, and is fixed to the wind turbine stand 72 to form the wind turbine equipment.
  • the positional relationship is such that the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction always intersect.
  • the wind turbine wheel is located at a position deviated from the center of rotation of the generator wheel, and the center of rotation of the wind turbine stand is coaxial with the center of rotation of the generator wheel. Can generate electricity with its position fixed.
  • the electricity generated by the generator can be stored in a storage battery and used as an independent power source, or can be connected to a wiring system and used over a wide area.
  • Embodiments of the third invention are shown in Examples 6 to 9.
  • FIG. 16 shows a state in which the wind turbine equipment of the third invention is upright.
  • One or more blades 52 are laid at equal intervals around the shaft 51 of the wind turbine via the arm 53.
  • the leading edge of the blade should face leeward when the blade is at the top of the axis of rotation.
  • the wind turbine is supported on the floating body 61 by a post 63.
  • the wind turbine rotates in response to the wind 11 and operates a generator 65 connected to the wind turbine to generate electricity.
  • the generated electricity is stored in a storage battery installed in the floating body.
  • the floating body is on the water surface 12, and the floating wind turbine equipment is fixed to the ocean by being installed on the anchor 66 seabed 10 through the mooring line 64.
  • the windshield 67 is attached between the floating body and the wind turbine via a post.
  • the windshield does not interfere with the rotating space of the wind turbine.
  • the flow of the wind passing through the wind turbine equipment, that is, the air flow 14, is shown.
  • the windshield does not block at least the wind above the rotation axis of the wind turbine.
  • the wind below the axis of rotation of the wind turbine may be shielded.
  • FIG. 17 shows Example 6 in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined to the windward side. The windshield does not affect the wind that the windmill receives.
  • FIG. 18 shows a state in which the wind turbine equipment of Example 6 is inclined to the leeward side.
  • the windshield shields the lower part of the wind that the windmill receives. However, the windmill can continue to rotate due to the wind received at the top.
  • FIG. 19 shows a state in which the wind turbine of Example 6 is greatly inclined downwind.
  • the wind turbine equipment rotates in response to the wind while repeating shaking between the states shown in FIGS. 17 to 18 to 19.
  • the center of the swing width of the sway will incline to the leeward side.
  • the windward edge is referred to as the upper edge portion 67-1 and the leeward edge is referred to as the lower edge portion 67-2.
  • the wind turbine equipment tilts further to the leeward side, and when it tilts from a predetermined angle, the state shown in FIG. 19 is continuously obtained. Since the airflow bypasses the wind turbine by the windshield, the amount of air received by the wind turbine is reduced, or the wind turbine loses its rotational force because it does not receive the wind. It is possible to prevent the wind turbine from being damaged by over-rotation under strong wind.
  • the predetermined angle of the wind turbine equipment is determined by the rotation diameter of the wind turbine, the height of the rotation shaft of the wind turbine from the floating body, the height of the windshield, the shape of the windshield, the wind speed and the course of the airflow, and is not uniform.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the third invention in a state where the wind turbine equipment is greatly inclined in the leeward direction.
  • the windshield has a length that covers at least the entire width of the wind turbine.
  • the windshield receiving surface is the lower surface when the wind turbine equipment is upright, but it is curved in a convex shape so as to reduce the resistance of the airflow when the wind turbine equipment is tilted to the leeward side.
  • the upper and lower edges of the windshield are folded back at an acute angle or a curved surface shape equivalent to it so that the airflow detoured on the wind receiving surface does not wrap around the wind turbine but separates from the windshield and flows backward.
  • a concave curved surface is desirable on the wind turbine surface side of the windshield, but this is not the case.
  • the windshield only needs to function when the wind speed is extremely high, and when the wind speed is extremely high, the wind turbine equipment always inclines only to the leeward side. Therefore, the windshield simply acts as a windshield, and the windward can be shortened on the leeward side in order to prevent damage due to water landing on the windshield.
  • FIG. 21 shows a side view of Example 7 in a state where the volume of the lower edge portion of the windshield is increased.
  • the angle at which the wind turbine equipment tilts can be restricted by using the buoyancy that increases the volume of the lower edge of the windshield.
  • FIG. 22 is a side view showing a state in which the windshield can slide up and down within a predetermined range of the wind turbine post according to the eighth embodiment.
  • the windshield may be able to slide freely along the windmill post within a predetermined range.
  • the windshield 7' is at the lower limit of the movable range of the wind turbine post due to gravity.
  • the windshield moves to the upper part within the movable range along the wind turbine post due to the wind pressure.
  • the distance between the windshield and the windmill can be increased, and when the windshield is needed, the windshield can be moved closer to the windmill to prevent the wind.
  • 23 and 24 are views showing a state in which a side wall is provided on the side surface of the blade of the ninth embodiment and the lid of the blade above the rotation axis is open.
  • the blade on the upper side of the wind turbine rotation shaft has an increased wind receiving area with the lid 54a open.
  • the side wall 66 makes the wind receiving portion bag-shaped, and the received wind does not pass through the side surface of the lid. Rotational energy can be efficiently extracted even in a weak wind.
  • the side walls When the lid is closed, the side walls have almost no wind resistance and do not affect rotational efficiency.
  • the side wall on the side of the blade may be a fixed type, or may be a foldable or sheet-like soft material that moves in conjunction with the opening and closing of the lid.
  • the wind turbine equipment having a general lift type blade has poor startability in a weak wind, and there is a risk of the blade being damaged in a strong wind, whereas the wind turbine equipment of the third invention is weak as described above. It has the feature that it can be activated in the wind and can protect the blade in the strong wind.
  • the first invention is to have a structure and equipment in which the rotation axis of the wind turbine intersects the wind direction and has a horizontal positional relationship. It can be applied because there is no decrease in equipment and there are few equipment failures.
  • the wind turbine equipment and the wind turbine blade of the second invention may be used in a floating offshore wind turbine for a horizontal and horizontal axis wind turbine in which the crossing relationship between the rotation axis and the wind direction of the wind turbine does not change even if the floating body shakes. There is.
  • the floating wind turbine facility with a windshield of the third invention can be used in a floating offshore wind turbine facility in which the crossing relationship between the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction does not change even if the floating body shakes. There is sex.
  • Windmill 2 Rotating shaft 3 Bearing 4 Indicator 5 Floating structure 6 Sail 7 Ladder 8 Tail feather 9 Mooring rope 11 Wind 12 Water surface 13 Seabed 14 Airflow 21 Horizontal axis tilted forward with respect to wind direction Windmill 22 Horizontal axis at reference position with respect to wind direction Wind turbine 23 Horizontal axis wind turbine tilted backward with respect to the wind direction 31 Vertical axis wind turbine tilted forward with respect to the wind direction 32 Vertical axis wind turbine with reference position with respect to the wind direction 33 Vertical axis wind turbine tilted backward with respect to the wind direction 41 First tilted forward with respect to the wind direction Windmill of the invention equipment 42 Windmill of the first invention equipment at a reference position with respect to the wind direction 43 Windmill of the first invention equipment tilted backward with respect to the wind direction 51 Rotating shaft 52 Blade 53 Arm 54 Lid 54a Open lid 54b Closed lid 55 Stopper 56 Generator wheel 57 Lid support shaft 58 Side wall 61 Floating body 62 Connecting stand 63 Prop 64 Mo

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Abstract

[Problem] In windmill equipment installed on a floating structure, to stabilize the angle between the wind direction and the rotational shaft of a windmill without being affected by rocking of the floating structure and the windmill equipment due to disturbances such as waves. [Solution] In windmill equipment installed on a floating structure, a windmill is of a type in which a blade or a wind receiving body rotates around the rotational shaft of the windmill by receiving wind from a direction intersecting the rotational shaft, the equipment having the function of adjusting the orientation of the floating structure such that the rotational shaft of the windmill is supported horizontally and arranged so as to intersect the wind direction.

Description

風車設備および風車ブレードWindmill equipment and windmill blades
　本発明は、風車設備およびブレードと、浮体式風車設備と、浮体式風車設備の風防に関するものである。 The present invention relates to wind turbine equipment and blades, floating wind turbine equipment, and windshields of floating wind turbine equipment.
　洋上風力発電設備は、陸上の面積の制約を受けず、陸上より風況がよい環境で稼働できることから開発が広がってきている。 The development of offshore wind power generation facilities is expanding because they can be operated in an environment with better wind conditions than on land without being restricted by the area on land.
　浮体式洋上風力発電設備は、発電効率がよく大型化しやすい、水平軸型と称される水平な回転軸まわりを、主に3枚のブレード(翼)が回転する風車が一般的に用いられている。 Floating offshore wind turbines are generally wind turbines in which three blades (wings) rotate around a horizontal axis of rotation, which is called a horizontal axis and has good power generation efficiency and is easy to increase in size. There is.
　浮体式洋上風力発電設備では、波により浮体構造物が動揺し傾くことがある。このとき、ブレードが風上に傾斜すると、ブレードに対する相対風速が大きくなり、発電機のロータの回転数が増加することになる。風力発電設備は発電量を時間的に一定に維持したいため、ロータの回転数を一定に保持するためにブレードのピッチを調整して回転数を低下させる制御を行う。すると、ブレードに対する風の抵抗が小さくなり、さらに浮体構造物が風上に傾斜することになる。反対に、ブレードが風下に傾斜すると、ブレードに対する相対風速が小さくなり、発電機のロータの回転数が低下することになる。ロータの回転数を一定に保持するためにブレードのピッチを調整して回転数を増加させる制御を行う。すると、ブレードに対する風の抵抗が大きくなり、さらに浮体構造物が風下に傾斜することになる。このような現象をネガティブダンピングという。 In a floating offshore wind turbine, the floating structure may be shaken and tilted by the waves. At this time, if the blade is tilted upwind, the relative wind speed with respect to the blade increases, and the rotation speed of the rotor of the generator increases. Since the wind power generation facility wants to keep the amount of power generation constant over time, the blade pitch is adjusted to reduce the rotation speed in order to keep the rotation speed of the rotor constant. Then, the resistance of the wind to the blade becomes small, and the floating structure is inclined upwind. On the contrary, when the blade is tilted downwind, the relative wind speed with respect to the blade becomes small, and the rotation speed of the rotor of the generator decreases. Control is performed to increase the rotation speed by adjusting the pitch of the blades in order to keep the rotation speed of the rotor constant. Then, the resistance of the wind to the blade increases, and the floating structure further tilts downwind. Such a phenomenon is called negative damping.
　このようなネガティブダンピングは、浮体式洋上風力発電設備において安定した発電の妨げとなる恐れがある。これらの対策として、ネガティブダンピングを抑制する技術が開発及び開示されている。 Such negative damping may hinder stable power generation in floating offshore wind turbines. As these measures, techniques for suppressing negative damping have been developed and disclosed.
　浮体構造物または海底に据え付けられるタワーの先端に設けられる風力タービンが備える発電機のロータ軸の回転数に基づいて、風力タービンのブレードピッチ角に対してPI演算を含むピッチ角基本制御を施し、補正制御部において、発電機の出力や風力タービンの動揺等に基づきピッチ角基本制御に補正を加える技術が開示されている（特許文献１）。また、ナセルの振動の加速度に基づいて、ナセルの振動を打ち消すようなスラスト力を風車ブレードに発生させるアクティブ制振手段を備える風力発電装置が開示されている（特許文献２）。 Based on the rotation speed of the rotor shaft of the generator of the wind turbine installed at the tip of the tower installed on the floating structure or the seabed, basic pitch angle control including PI calculation is performed on the blade pitch angle of the wind turbine. A technique for correcting the basic pitch angle control based on the output of a generator, the sway of a wind turbine, or the like is disclosed in the correction control unit (Patent Document 1). Further, a wind power generator including an active vibration damping means for generating a thrust force for canceling the vibration of the nacelle on the wind turbine blade based on the acceleration of the vibration of the nacelle is disclosed (Patent Document 2).
　固定された軸受け枠の間に風車の回転軸を横軸とし、その横軸に複数のロータを連設し、そのロータは横軸から放射方向へ突設された支持腕の先端に揚力型ブレードを横軸と平行に固定し、低風速でも高い回転トルクで発電効率の高い横軸発電装置の技術が開示されている（特許文献３）。 The rotation axis of the wind turbine is used as the horizontal axis between the fixed bearing frames, and a plurality of rotors are connected to the horizontal axis. Is disclosed in parallel with the horizontal axis, and a technique of a horizontal axis power generation device having high rotational torque and high power generation efficiency even at a low wind speed is disclosed (Patent Document 3).
一方で、浮体式洋上風力発電設備は海底に着床、係留するのみでなく、浮体上に敷設したセイルに風を受けることで場所を移動する技術が開示されている（特許文献４）。また、着床、係留させない浮体式洋上風力発電設備において、浮体と風向との相対角度を取得する手段と姿勢を制御する方法が開示されており（特許文献５）、浮体の姿勢を制御する方法としては、水中のラダーの角度を変える方法、浮体の風上側または風下側に抵抗板を挿入する方法、浮体の前方または後方の補助セイルを用いる方法、水中のスラスターを用いる方法がある。 On the other hand, a technique is disclosed in which a floating offshore wind turbine not only lands on the seabed and is moored, but also moves to another place by receiving wind from a sail laid on the floating body (Patent Document 4). Further, in a floating offshore wind power generation facility that does not land or moor, a means for acquiring a relative angle between a floating body and a wind direction and a method for controlling the posture are disclosed (Patent Document 5), and a method for controlling the posture of the floating body. Examples include a method of changing the angle of the rudder in water, a method of inserting a resistance plate on the leeward side or leeward side of the floating body, a method of using an auxiliary sail in front of or behind the floating body, and a method of using a thruster in water.
拡縮可能な受風体を、同受風体を両側から支持する向き合う梁が各々の回転軸との接合部において鋭角であって、支持梁が回転軸に対して鉛直下側では平行となり、上側では受風体を広げ、下側では受風体をたたむことができる風力回転装置の技術が記載されており、水上浮体構造物上に設置する例示がされている(特許文献６)。 Supporting the expandable and contractible wind receiver from both sides The facing beams have an acute angle at the joint with each rotation axis, and the support beam is parallel to the rotation axis on the vertically lower side and receives on the upper side. The technology of a wind turbine rotating device capable of expanding the wind body and folding the wind receiver on the lower side is described, and an example of installing the wind body on a floating body structure is illustrated (Patent Document 6).
　風を受けて動力を得る風車としては、例えばプロペラ型風車に代表される水平軸風車と、ダリウス型風車やジャイロミル風車などがある垂直軸風車が挙げられる。それぞれ回転軸と、回転軸の周囲に具備された1枚または複数のブレードを有している。 Examples of wind turbines that receive power by receiving wind include horizontal axis wind turbines represented by propeller type wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines such as Darius type wind turbines and gyromill wind turbines. Each has a rotating shaft and one or more blades provided around the rotating shaft.
　風車のブレードの種類については、風によりブレードに発生する揚力を利用して回転する揚力型と、ブレードを風が押す力を利用して回転する抗力型とに分類される。 The types of wind turbine blades are classified into a lift type that rotates using the lift generated by the wind and a drag type that rotates using the force that the wind pushes the blade.
　ブレードに発生する揚力を利用する垂直軸風車は、回転トルクが得にくく起動性に乏しい。一方、ブレードへの抗力を利用する垂直軸風車は、弱い風でも起動するものの、ブレードの回転が風速と同程度までしか上がらないためエネルギー効率が悪い。そのため揚力型風車を抗力型風車と組み合わせて利用することが多い。起動性は向上するものの、風車が回転し始めると抗力型風車部が回転の抵抗となり、回転効率を低下させてしまう。 A vertical axis wind turbine that uses the lift generated by the blades is difficult to obtain rotational torque and has poor startability. On the other hand, a vertical axis wind turbine that utilizes drag on the blades can be activated even in a weak wind, but the rotation of the blades only increases to the same level as the wind speed, resulting in poor energy efficiency. Therefore, the lift type wind turbine is often used in combination with the drag type wind turbine. Although the startability is improved, when the wind turbine starts to rotate, the drag-type wind turbine portion becomes a resistance to rotation, and the rotation efficiency is lowered.
　風車の性能を特徴づける重要な特性係数のひとつにソリディティ(solidity)がある。ソリディティは「風車の掃過面積に対するロータ・ブレードの全投影面積の比」として定義される。ただし、ここでの投影面積は風向に垂直な面への投影を意味している。 Solidity is one of the important characteristic coefficients that characterize the performance of wind turbines. Solidity is defined as "the ratio of the total projected area of the rotor blades to the sweeped area of the wind turbine". However, the projected area here means projection on a plane perpendicular to the wind direction.
　一般に抗力型風車は揚力型風車よりソリディティが大きいためブレードに発生するトルクが揚力型風車よりも大きい。静止状態から弱風の起動性も抗力型風車の方が良い。しかし風車に作用する風速以上の周速度で回転することができない。 Generally, drag-type wind turbines have greater solidity than lift-type wind turbines, so the torque generated on the blades is larger than that of lift-type wind turbines. The drag-type wind turbine is better for starting from a stationary state to a weak wind. However, it cannot rotate at a peripheral speed higher than the wind speed acting on the wind turbine.
　一方で揚力型風車はソリディティは小さいものの、ブレードに生じる揚力を利用するため、風速の数倍以上の高い周速比で回転することが可能である。したがって得られるエネルギー効率は揚力型風車の方が抗力型風車よりも高い。ところが、例えば揚力型風車に属する垂直型のダリウス形風車は起動性に乏しいというデメリットがある。抗力型風車のサボニウス形と組み合わせるなどの工夫をされることが多い(特許文献７)。 On the other hand, although the lift type wind turbine has a small solidity, it can rotate at a high peripheral speed ratio that is several times higher than the wind speed because it uses the lift generated by the blades. Therefore, the energy efficiency obtained is higher in the lift type wind turbine than in the drag type wind turbine. However, for example, the vertical type Darius type wind turbine belonging to the lift type wind turbine has a demerit that the startability is poor. It is often devised by combining it with the Savonius type of drag-type wind turbine (Patent Document 7).
　垂直軸風車において、揚力型風車部と抗力型風車部を回転軸の上下に配置し、機械的に連結したり解除したりする方法が提案されている(特許文献８)。 In a vertical axis wind turbine, a method has been proposed in which a lift type wind turbine unit and a drag type wind turbine unit are arranged above and below the rotation axis to be mechanically connected and disconnected (Patent Document 8).
　垂直軸風車であるサボニウス形風車の改良として、受風面を縦長の複数の羽に分割し、各々の羽がその縦辺の一方に回転軸を有し、受風面の回転進行方向うしろ側において自由に開閉でき、受風面が追い風の場合は各々の羽が閉まり風を受け、向かい風の場合は各々の羽が開くことで風の抵抗を減じる方法が提案されている(特許文献９)。抗力型風車は、受風面は風速より速くは動けないため、大きなエネルギー効率を得ることはできない。 As an improvement of the Savonius type wind turbine, which is a vertical axis wind turbine, the wind receiving surface is divided into a plurality of vertically long blades, each of which has a rotation axis on one of its vertical sides, and the direction of rotation of the wind receiving surface is behind. It can be opened and closed freely on the side, and when the wind receiving surface is a tail wind, each wing closes and receives the wind, and when the wind is headwind, each wing opens to reduce the wind resistance (Patent Document 9). ). Drag-type wind turbines cannot obtain great energy efficiency because the wind receiving surface cannot move faster than the wind speed.
　特許文献９の提案に揚力型風車翼を組み合わせた提案がされている(特許文献１０)。高速回転風域では、前記縦型翼は風向によらず開放状態となる。しかし、前記縦型翼はわずかながらでも回転の抵抗となりエネルギー効率を低減させてしまう。 A proposal is made in which a lift type wind turbine blade is combined with the proposal of Patent Document 9 (Patent Document 10). In the high-speed rotating wind region, the vertical blade is in an open state regardless of the wind direction. However, the vertical blade becomes a resistance to rotation, even if it is slight, and reduces energy efficiency.
　洋上風力発電設備は、陸上の面積の制約を受けず、陸上より風況がよい環境で稼働できることから開発が広がってきている。 The development of offshore wind power generation facilities is expanding because they can be operated in an environment with better wind conditions than on land without being restricted by the area on land.
　浮体式洋上風力発電設備は、比較的水深が浅い海域では着床式で設置されることが一般的であり、水深が深い海域では浮体式の適用が検討される。 Floating offshore wind turbines are generally installed in a landing type in relatively shallow waters, and the application of floating type is considered in deep waters.
　洋上は陸上より風況が良いのは風の遮蔽物がないためであるが、台風通過時など強風から受けるエネルギーも陸上と比べて大きくなる。そのため、風車構造物や海底基礎、係留器具の要求強度は高くなる。 The wind conditions on the ocean are better than on land because there are no wind shields, but the energy received from strong winds such as when a typhoon passes is also greater than on land. Therefore, the required strength of wind turbine structures, seabed foundations, and mooring equipment is high.
　一般的な風力発電に用いられるプロペラ型風車では、受風体である風車ブレードは強風時は所定の風速を超えると破損防止のため回転を停止することが一般的であり、カットアウトと称される。 In a propeller type wind turbine used for general wind power generation, the wind turbine blade, which is a wind receiver, generally stops rotating when the wind speed exceeds a predetermined speed in a strong wind, and is called a cutout. ..
特開２０１４－１１１９２４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-111924 ＷＯ２００５／０８３２６６号公報WO2005 / 083266A 特開２０１９－８２１２４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-82124 特開２０１６－１４８３２０号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-148320 特開２０１９－１８９０５９号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-189059 韓国登録特許第１０－１０３４９２４号公報Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1034924 特開昭５６－１４３３６７号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 56-143367 特開２０１６－２０５２５５号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-205255 特開２０１２－０１７７２９号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-017729 特開２０１５－７４１７号公報JP 2015-7417
　浮体構造物への外乱の影響による動揺により、水平軸風車の風上側または風下側への傾斜が大きくなった際の状態を図７に示す。風１１に対し風車の基準位置が２２である。風上寄りに傾斜した状態が２１、風下寄りに傾斜した状態が２３である。風車はいずれに傾斜しても受風面積が低減し発電効率が低下する。風向と風車の回転軸との角度が大きくなり風車の構成機構への負荷が増し、設備故障を起こし易くなる。風車の傾斜はタワーの折れ・座屈を引き起こし易くなる。 FIG. 7 shows the state when the inclination of the horizontal axis wind turbine to the windward side or the leeward side becomes large due to the shaking caused by the influence of the disturbance on the floating structure. The reference position of the wind turbine is 22 with respect to the wind 11. The state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 21 and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 23. Regardless of which direction the wind turbine is tilted, the wind receiving area is reduced and the power generation efficiency is reduced. The angle between the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine becomes large, the load on the constituent mechanism of the wind turbine increases, and equipment failure is likely to occur. The inclination of the wind turbine tends to cause the tower to bend or buckle.
　図８にサボニウス型と呼ばれる垂直軸風車を例に、浮体構造物の動揺でタワーが風上側、風下側に傾斜する様子を示す。風１１に対し風車の基準位置が３２である。風上寄りに傾斜した状態が３１、風下寄りに傾斜した状態が３３である。風車はいずれに傾斜しても水平軸型風車と同様に、発電効率は低下し、故障発生リスクは高くなる。 Fig. 8 shows how the tower tilts upwind and leeward due to the shaking of the floating structure, using a vertical axis wind turbine called the Savonius type as an example. The reference position of the wind turbine is 32 with respect to the wind 11. The state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 31 and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 33. Regardless of which direction the wind turbine tilts, the power generation efficiency decreases and the risk of failure increases, as with the horizontal axis type wind turbine.
特許文献１，２に記載の発明においては、機構が複雑で故障要因が増えることとなり設備コストも増大する。 In the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the mechanism is complicated, the number of failure factors increases, and the equipment cost also increases.
特許文献３に記載の発明では、ロータの支持台は固定であり、常に流体の向きが一定の条件で使用される。 In the invention described in Patent Document 3, the support base of the rotor is fixed, and the fluid is always used under a constant direction.
　本発明は、低風速域から高風速域まで風車が回転する設備であって、暴風域では風車を風から防護し、浮体が動揺しても風車が故障しにくい風車設備を提供するものである。 The present invention provides equipment for rotating a wind turbine from a low wind speed region to a high wind speed region, which protects the wind turbine from wind in a storm region and prevents the wind turbine from breaking down even if a floating body shakes. ..
第１の発明が解決しようとする課題は、海面の波など外乱よる浮体構造物の動揺が風車の回転軸と風向とからなる角度と連動して変化することである。 The problem to be solved by the first invention is that the sway of the floating structure due to the disturbance such as the wave of the sea surface changes in conjunction with the angle consisting of the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction.
　第２の発明は、起動性に優れ、かつエネルギー効率が高い風車を提供することを目的としている。 The second invention aims to provide a wind turbine having excellent startability and high energy efficiency.
　第３の発明は浮体式風車設備において、強風下で風車部の損壊を低減できる風車設備を提供することを目的としている。 The third invention is an object of the floating wind turbine equipment to provide a wind turbine equipment capable of reducing damage to the wind turbine portion under strong wind.
　第１の発明は、浮体構造物が波など外乱によって動揺しても風車の回転軸と風向とからなる角度を安定させるために、風車の回転軸を水平に、かつ風向に交差するように配置することを最も主要な特徴とする。 In the first invention, even if the floating structure is shaken by a disturbance such as a wave, the rotation axes of the wind turbine are arranged horizontally and intersect the wind direction in order to stabilize the angle consisting of the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction. The most important feature is to do.
　浮体構造物は、変化する風向に対して姿勢が追従する機構を有することも特徴とする。 The floating structure is also characterized by having a mechanism in which the posture follows the changing wind direction.
　風車の回転方向は、回転軸の上側ではブレードは風上から風下へ、下側ではブレードは風下から風上へ向かう形で用いる。 The direction of rotation of the wind turbine is such that the blade is from leeward to leeward on the upper side of the rotation axis, and the blade is from leeward to leeward on the lower side.
　第２の発明は、風車は回転軸を水平、かつ風向と交差する構成とし、例えば直線翼垂直軸風車を横に倒した形とする。 In the second invention, the wind turbine has a structure in which the rotation axis is horizontal and intersects the wind direction, for example, a straight-wing vertical axis wind turbine is tilted sideways.
　風車の回転方向は、回転軸の上側ではブレードは風上から風下へ、下側ではブレードは風下から風上へ向かう形で用いる。 The direction of rotation of the wind turbine is such that the blade is from leeward to leeward on the upper side of the rotation axis, and the blade is from leeward to leeward on the lower side.
　風車ブレードには、ブレードの回転内側、つまり回転軸側の面に、回転軸の方に自由開閉可能なフタを設けることを第２の発明の最も主要な特徴とする。例えばフタを支軸を利用して開閉する形体においてはフタ開閉の支軸が回転進行側、自由側が回転後方側とする。フタの開き角度は所望の範囲で制約する。 The most important feature of the second invention is that the wind turbine blade is provided with a lid that can be freely opened and closed toward the rotating shaft on the inside of the blade rotation, that is, on the surface on the rotating shaft side. For example, in a form in which the lid is opened and closed using a support shaft, the support shaft for opening and closing the lid is on the rotation traveling side, and the free side is on the rotation rear side. The opening angle of the lid is restricted within a desired range.
　風車は静止状態か低い回転速度の状態では、回転軸より上側のブレードのフタは自重により制限された範囲内で下側に開き、開いたフタは受風面となり風車の起動トルクを発生させる。 When the wind turbine is stationary or at a low rotation speed, the lid of the blade above the rotation axis opens downward within the range limited by its own weight, and the open lid becomes the wind receiving surface and generates the starting torque of the wind turbine.
　風車は静止状態か回転速度が小さいときにブレードが回転軸より下側にある状態では、フタは自重および風に押されて閉じる。 When the wind turbine is stationary or the rotation speed is low and the blade is below the rotation axis, the lid is pushed by its own weight and the wind and closes.
　風車の回転速度が十分に大きくなると、ブレードのフタは開くことがなくなる。フタに働く遠心力およびブレードが回転する進行風圧によりブレードに押し付けられるためである。 When the rotation speed of the wind turbine became sufficiently high, the blade lid would not open. This is because the centrifugal force acting on the lid and the traveling wind pressure that the blade rotates presses against the blade.
　第３の発明は、風車は回転軸を水平、かつ風向と交差する構成とし、例えば直線翼垂直軸風車を横に倒した形とする。 In the third invention, the wind turbine has a structure in which the rotation axis is horizontal and intersects the wind direction, for example, a straight-wing vertical axis wind turbine is tilted sideways.
　風車の回転方向は、回転軸の上側ではブレードは風上から風下へ、下側ではブレードは風下から風上へ向かう形で用いる。 The direction of rotation of the wind turbine is such that the blade is from leeward to leeward on the upper side of the rotation axis, and the blade is from leeward to leeward on the lower side.
　浮体構造物と風車の間に風防を設置することを第３の発明の最も主要な特徴とする。風防は浮体式風車設備が正規直立した状態では全く風を遮らないか、あるいは風車の回転軸より下半分の風を遮る程度であり、風下側に十分に傾斜した状態で風防効果を発揮する位置と形状に設置する。 The most important feature of the third invention is to install a windshield between the floating structure and the wind turbine. The windshield is a position that does not block the wind at all when the floating wind turbine equipment is upright, or blocks the wind in the lower half of the rotation axis of the wind turbine, and exerts the windshield effect when it is sufficiently inclined to the leeward side. And install in shape.
　第１の発明の浮体式風車設備は、一般的に垂直軸型と称される風車を横に倒した形で使用する。回転軸が風向と直交する位置関係に配置するとき、海面の動揺や風の抵抗で浮体が傾斜しても風向と回転軸からなる角度は直交状態から変化しないため安定して風車を回転させることができるという利点がある。 The floating wind turbine equipment of the first invention is used in a form in which a wind turbine generally called a vertical axis type is laid down sideways. When the rotation axis is arranged so that it is orthogonal to the wind direction, the angle between the wind direction and the rotation axis does not change from the orthogonal state even if the floating body tilts due to the shaking of the sea surface or the resistance of the wind, so the wind turbine should be rotated stably. There is an advantage that it can be done.
　風向と風車の回転軸との角度が変わらないため、風車の受風面積も変わらない。 Since the angle between the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine does not change, the wind receiving area of the wind turbine does not change either.
　大気の摩擦層と呼ばれる地表から１０００mまでの範囲において、大気は地表との摩擦によって減速させられる。つまり、高所ほど風速は早くなる。風車の回転軸を水平にすることにより、受風側、向風側のブレード・受風体の特性を使い分けることができる。 In the range from the surface of the earth called the friction layer of the atmosphere to 1000 m, the atmosphere is decelerated by the friction with the surface of the earth. In other words, the higher the place, the faster the wind speed. By making the rotation axis of the wind turbine horizontal, it is possible to properly use the characteristics of the blade / wind receiver on the wind receiving side and the wind receiving side.
　第２の発明によれば、風車の静止状態、あるいは回転数が低い状態では、ブレードが回転軸より上側に位置する場合、ブレードの回転軸側にあるフタは自重により垂れ下がり開く。フタの開き角度はストッパーで制限され、フタが受風面となりソリディティが大きくなり風車の機動性が向上する。一方で、ブレードが回転軸よりも下側に位置する場合、フタは自重または風を受けてブレード側に閉じる。ブレードが向かい風側に運動する際は受風面が小さくなる。 According to the second invention, when the wind turbine is stationary or the rotation speed is low, when the blade is located above the rotation shaft, the lid on the rotation shaft side of the blade hangs down and opens due to its own weight. The opening angle of the lid is limited by the stopper, and the lid becomes the wind receiving surface, increasing the solidity and improving the maneuverability of the wind turbine. On the other hand, when the blade is located below the axis of rotation, the lid closes to the blade side due to its own weight or wind. When the blade moves toward the headwind side, the wind receiving surface becomes smaller.
　風車の回転数が十分に大きくなると、受ける遠心力と回転の進行風とにより、回転軸との位置関係によらずブレードのフタは常にブレード側に閉じた状態となる。ソリディティが小さくブレードは揚力を発生させ続けるため高速回転できエネルギー効率が良くなる。 When the number of rotations of the wind turbine becomes sufficiently large, the lid of the blade is always closed to the blade side regardless of the positional relationship with the rotation shaft due to the centrifugal force received and the traveling wind of rotation. Since the solidity is small and the blade continues to generate lift, it can rotate at high speed and improve energy efficiency.
　浮体構造物上に設置した風車は風や水面の波による外乱の影響で動揺する。例えば図７は風車が風上側あるいは風下側に傾斜している状態を示している。ブレードに具備されたフタの開閉は自重と進行風圧により発生するため、風車の傾斜状態に影響されず鉛直方向上下の位置関係によって機能する。 The wind turbine installed on the floating structure is shaken by the influence of the disturbance caused by the wind and the waves on the water surface. For example, FIG. 7 shows a state in which the wind turbine is inclined to the windward side or the leeward side. Since the opening and closing of the lid provided on the blade is generated by its own weight and the traveling wind pressure, it functions according to the vertical vertical positional relationship without being affected by the tilted state of the wind turbine.
　第３の発明によれば、風防が風の流路を変えるため、風車が直接受風する風量が減少し風車設備の損壊が低減される。 According to the third invention, since the windshield changes the flow path of the wind, the amount of air directly received by the wind turbine is reduced, and the damage to the wind turbine equipment is reduced.
図１は浮体式風車設備の実施方法を示した斜視図である。（実施例１）FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a method of implementing a floating wind turbine facility. (Example 1) 図２は浮体式風車設備の実施方法を示した側面図である。（実施例１）FIG. 2 is a side view showing an implementation method of a floating wind turbine facility. (Example 1) 図３は浮体式風車設備の実施方法を示した斜視図である。（実施例２）FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment. (Example 2) 図４は浮体式風車設備の実施方法を示した側面図である。（実施例２）FIG. 4 is a side view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment. (Example 2) 図５は浮体式風車設備の実施方法を示した斜視図である。（実施例３）FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment. (Example 3) 図６は浮体式風車設備の実施方法を示した側面図である。（実施例３）FIG. 6 is a side view showing a method of implementing the floating wind turbine equipment. (Example 3) 図７は水平軸風車が風上側、または風下側に傾斜した際の斜視図である。FIG. 7 is a perspective view when the horizontal axis wind turbine is tilted to the windward side or the leeward side. 図８は垂直軸風車の例としてサボニウス型と呼ばれる風車が風上側、または風下側に傾斜した際の斜視図である。FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a wind turbine called a Savonius type as an example of a vertical axis wind turbine when it is tilted to the windward side or the leeward side. 図９は第１の発明の風車部分が風上側、または風下側に傾斜した際の斜視図である。FIG. 9 is a perspective view when the wind turbine portion of the first invention is inclined to the windward side or the leeward side. 図１０は風車が静止、または低速度回転域であり、回転軸より上にあるブレードであって、回転内側面の支軸からブレード風下側のフタが自重で開いている状態を回転軸側から見た斜視図である。（実施例４）FIG. 10 shows a blade in which the wind turbine is stationary or in a low-speed rotation range and is above the rotation shaft, and the lid on the leeward side of the blade is opened by its own weight from the support shaft on the inner side surface of the rotation from the rotation shaft side. It is a seen perspective view. (Example 4) 図１１は風車が高速度回転域であって、回転軸より上にあるブレードの回転内側面のフタがブレード側に閉じている状態を回転軸側から見た斜視図である。（実施例４）FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a state in which the wind turbine is in the high-speed rotation range and the lid on the inner surface of the rotation of the blade above the rotation axis is closed to the blade side, as viewed from the rotation axis side. (Example 4) 図１２は風車が静止、または低速度回転域であって、回転軸より上にあるブレードの回転内側面のフタが自重で開き、ストッパーの位置まで下がっていて、回転軸より下にあるブレードのフタは自重により閉じている状態の模式的構成例の側面図である。（実施例４）In FIG. 12, the windmill is stationary or in the low speed rotation range, and the lid on the inner side surface of the rotation of the blade above the rotation axis opens by its own weight and is lowered to the position of the stopper, and the blade below the rotation axis. It is a side view of a schematic configuration example in a state where the lid is closed by its own weight. (Example 4) 図１３は風車が回転軸を中心に図中時計回りに高速度で回転しており、すべてのブレードの回転内側面のフタが閉じている状態の模式的構成例の側面図である。分かり易いようにフタがブレードからわずかに離れて示しているが、実運用時はブレードと一体化して回転の抵抗にならない状態となる。（実施例４）FIG. 13 is a side view of a schematic configuration example in which the wind turbine is rotating clockwise at a high speed around the rotation axis and the lids on the inner side surfaces of rotation of all the blades are closed. The lid is shown slightly away from the blade for clarity, but in actual operation it is integrated with the blade and does not become a resistance to rotation. (Example 4) 図１４は水上の浮体上に、フタ付きブレードを適用した風車を積載した状態を示す模式的構成例の斜視図である。（実施例４）FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a schematic configuration example showing a state in which a wind turbine to which a blade with a lid is applied is loaded on a floating body on water. (Example 4) 図１５は回転テーブル上に、フタ付きブレードを適用した風車を積載した状態を示す模式的構成例の斜視図である。（実施例５）FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a schematic configuration example showing a state in which a wind turbine to which a blade with a lid is applied is loaded on a rotary table. (Example 5) 図１６は風車設備が直立している状態の側面図である。（実施例６）FIG. 16 is a side view of the wind turbine equipment in an upright state. (Example 6) 図１７は風車設備が風上方向に傾斜している状態の側面図である。（実施例６）FIG. 17 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined in the windward direction. (Example 6) 図１８は風車設備が風下方向に傾斜している状態の側面図である。（実施例６）FIG. 18 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined in the leeward direction. (Example 6) 図１９は風が著しく強く風車設備が風下方向に大きく傾斜している状態の側面図である。（実施例６）FIG. 19 is a side view showing a state in which the wind is extremely strong and the wind turbine equipment is greatly inclined in the leeward direction. (Example 6) 図２０は風車設備が風下方向に傾斜している状態の斜視図である。（実施例６）FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined in the leeward direction. (Example 6) 図２１は風防の下縁部の体積を大きくした風車設備が風下方向に傾斜している状態の側面図である。（実施例７）FIG. 21 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment having a large volume at the lower edge of the windshield is inclined in the leeward direction. (Example 7) 図２２は風防が風車ポストの所定の範囲で上下にスライドできる風車設備が風下方向に傾斜している状態の側面図である。（実施例８）FIG. 22 is a side view showing a state in which the wind turbine equipment in which the windshield can slide up and down within a predetermined range of the wind turbine post is inclined in the leeward direction. (Example 8) 図２３は風車ブレードの側面に側壁があり、回転軸側面にあるフタが開いている状態の斜視図である。（実施例９）FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a state in which a side wall is provided on the side surface of the wind turbine blade and the lid on the side surface of the rotating shaft is open. (Example 9) 図２４は各々のブレードの側面の側壁と、回転軸側に開閉可能なフタが付いており、回転軸の上部にあるブレードのフタがストッパーまで開いている状態の斜視図である。（実施例９）FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing a side wall of each blade and a lid that can be opened and closed on the rotation shaft side, and the lid of the blade at the upper part of the rotation shaft is open to the stopper. (Example 9)
　第1の発明の実施形態を実施例１から実施例３に示す。 Embodiments of the first invention are shown in Examples 1 to 3.
　風車の動揺によらず風車の回転軸と風向とからなる角度が安定するという目的を、風車の回転軸を水平、かつ風向に交差する配置とし、浮体構造物は風車の回転軸が風向と交差する向きとなる姿勢を維持することにより実現した。 The purpose of stabilizing the angle between the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction regardless of the shaking of the wind turbine is to arrange the rotation axis of the wind turbine horizontally and intersect the wind direction. It was realized by maintaining the attitude of being in the direction of doing.
　風車は、回転軸の側面から風を受けてブレードまたは受風体が回転軸まわりを回転する型を用いる。 The wind turbine uses a type in which the blade or the wind turbine rotates around the rotation axis by receiving the wind from the side surface of the rotation axis.
　回転軸の側面から風を受ける風車は、抗力型と呼ばれる風に押されて回転するものであっても、揚力型と呼ばれる風で発生する揚力で回転するものであっても良い。 The wind turbine that receives the wind from the side surface of the rotating shaft may be one that is pushed by the wind called a drag type and rotates, or one that is rotated by the lift generated by the wind called a lift type.
　風車の回転軸を水平に、また風向と交差させるにあたり、回転軸はその両端を支持体で支持する両持ち型であっても、片側のみ支持体で支持する片持ち型であっても良い。片持ち型の場合、支持体の両側に回転軸を取り付けると加重バランスがとりやすい。回転軸は両持ちとする方が構造強度が得られる。 When the axis of rotation of the wind turbine is crossed horizontally and with the direction of the wind, the axis of rotation may be a double-sided type in which both ends are supported by a support, or a cantilever type in which only one side is supported by a support. In the case of the cantilever type, it is easy to balance the load by attaching rotating shafts on both sides of the support. Structural strength can be obtained by holding the rotating shaft on both sides.
　風車の回転は、機械的動力として利用してもよく、発電装置に利用してもよい。 The rotation of the wind turbine may be used as mechanical power or may be used for a power generation device.
　第１の発明設備の実施例１の斜視図を図１に、側面図を図２に示す。水面１２上にある浮体構造物５上に２つの支持体４に支持された回転軸２と軸受３があり、回転軸に連結されて回転する風車１が取り付けられている。風１１が風車回転軸と交差する角度で吹くと、風車は回転軸とともに回転し、回転軸は発電機と連結されており電気を発生する。 A perspective view of Example 1 of the first invention equipment is shown in FIG. 1, and a side view is shown in FIG. On the floating structure 5 on the water surface 12, there are a rotating shaft 2 and a bearing 3 supported by two supports 4, and a wind turbine 1 that is connected to the rotating shaft and rotates is attached. When the wind 11 blows at an angle intersecting the wind turbine rotating shaft, the wind turbine rotates together with the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to the generator to generate electricity.
　浮体５の中に発電設備、蓄電設備、パワーコントロールユニットが入っている。 The floating body 5 contains a power generation facility, a power storage facility, and a power control unit.
　第１の発明設備が風に押されて風下方向に傾斜しても、またはその反動で風上方向に傾斜しても、風向と風車回転軸との交差する角度は変化しない。 Even if the equipment of the first invention is pushed by the wind and tilts in the leeward direction, or even if it tilts in the leeward direction due to the reaction, the angle at which the wind direction and the wind turbine rotation axis intersect does not change.
　第１の発明設備が外乱による動揺により風下方向に傾斜しても、または風上方向に傾斜しても、風向と風車回転軸との交差する角度は変化しない様子を図９に示す。風１１に対し風車の基準位置が４２である。風上寄りに傾斜した状態が４１、風下寄りに傾斜した状態が４３である。風車はいずれに傾斜しても受風面積が変わらない。 FIG. 9 shows that the angle at which the wind direction intersects with the wind turbine rotation axis does not change even if the equipment of the first invention is tilted in the leeward direction or in the leeward direction due to the shaking caused by the disturbance. The reference position of the wind turbine is 42 with respect to the wind 11. The state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 41, and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 43. The wind receiving area does not change regardless of which direction the wind turbine is tilted.
　第１の発明装置の実施例２の斜視図を図３に、側面図を図４に示す。セイル６は風を受けて揚力を発生させる。本発明設備は固定されていないため風の力で移動する。ラダー７は角度を変えて移動する設備の進行角度を変える。設備の進行角度を変えることには、風車の回転軸と風向とが平行にならないように調整することが含まれる。これらは、洋上において本発明設備が適する風況の海域に移動するのに役立つ。 A perspective view of Example 2 of the first invention device is shown in FIG. 3, and a side view is shown in FIG. The sail 6 receives the wind and generates lift. Since the equipment of the present invention is not fixed, it moves by the force of the wind. The ladder 7 changes the angle of travel of the moving equipment. Changing the traveling angle of the equipment includes adjusting the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction so that they are not parallel to each other. These help move the equipment of the present invention to sea areas with suitable wind conditions at sea.
　風車の発電効率は、風向と風車の回転軸が直交すると最も良い。実施例２は移動目標海域の風向に対する角度に応じて、風上寄りに、または風下寄りに斜めに進行することがある。 The power generation efficiency of the wind turbine is best when the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine are orthogonal. The second embodiment may travel diagonally toward the windward side or toward the leeward side, depending on the angle of the movement target sea area with respect to the wind direction.
　第１の発明設備の実施例３の斜視図を図５に、側面図を図６に示す。係留索９は本発明設備を海底または他の構造体とつなげる。尾羽６は風が当たると風下を向く。風車回転軸が風向と交差する向きになるよう本発明設備の向きを合わせるのに役立つ。 A perspective view of Example 3 of the first invention equipment is shown in FIG. 5, and a side view is shown in FIG. The mooring line 9 connects the equipment of the present invention to the seabed or other structures. The tail feather 6 faces leeward when the wind hits it. It is useful to orient the equipment of the present invention so that the axis of rotation of the wind turbine intersects the wind direction.
交差とは、平行ではなく、直交を含め、風向と風車の回転軸とが角度を有している状態を示す。 The crossing means a state in which the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine have an angle, including orthogonality, rather than parallel.
　第２の発明の実施形態を実施例４、実施例５に示す。 Embodiments of the second invention are shown in Examples 4 and 5.
　図１０、１１は第２の発明のブレードとフタの開閉状態について示す。 FIGS. 10 and 11 show the open / closed state of the blade and the lid of the second invention.
　本実施例４の風車設備に適用されるブレード５２は、翼型形状をしている。開いたフタ５４ａは支軸５７でブレードと連結されており、自由開閉ができる。支軸５７のブレード上の位置は自由であり、ブレードの前縁部に近くてもよく、後縁部に近くてもよい。支軸５７のブレード上の位置は、回転軸の反対側である回転外側にあることも含まれる。フタの自由端の位置も自由であり、ブレード後縁部でもよく、後縁部と支軸の間の任意の位置でよい。支軸とフタの自由端までの長さが長いほど受風部として用される面積が大きくなる。 The blade 52 applied to the wind turbine equipment of the fourth embodiment has an airfoil shape. The opened lid 54a is connected to the blade by a support shaft 57 and can be freely opened and closed. The position of the support shaft 57 on the blade is free and may be close to the leading edge of the blade or close to the trailing edge. The position of the support shaft 57 on the blade also includes being on the outer side of rotation, which is the opposite side of the rotation shaft. The position of the free end of the lid is also free, and it may be the trailing edge of the blade, or any position between the trailing edge and the support shaft. The longer the length between the support shaft and the free end of the lid, the larger the area used as the wind receiving part.
　フタのブレード長さ方向に対する長さは、全長に渡って一枚でもよく、複数枚に分割しても、断続的に配置してもよい。 The length of the lid with respect to the blade length direction may be one piece over the entire length, may be divided into a plurality of pieces, or may be arranged intermittently.
　フタが閉じた状態では、空気抵抗を生じさせないように凹凸が極力ないこととする。 When the lid is closed, there should be as little unevenness as possible so as not to cause air resistance.
　フタが閉じた状態では、フタの表面はブレード全体の翼型プロファイルの一部となる形状となることが望ましい。 When the lid is closed, it is desirable that the surface of the lid has a shape that becomes part of the airfoil profile of the entire blade.
　図１２、１３は実施例４の実施形態の構成を表す。 12 and 13 show the configuration of the embodiment of the fourth embodiment.
　第２の発明の風車設備に適用されるブレード５２は、風車の回転軸５１の周囲にアーム５３を介してひとつ、または複数のブレードが等間隔に敷設される。回転軸は水平に、かつ風１１の風向と交差する位置関係にある。ブレードの前縁部は、ブレードが回転の上部にあるとき風下を向くようにする。ブレードの回転軸寄りの面には、回転軸と平行な向きの軸を支軸とし、回転軸寄りに自由開閉するフタ５４（開いた状態のフタは５４ａ）が取り付けられている。フタは閉じた状態ではブレードと一体化し、開いた状態では最大開き角度はストッパー５５までとなる。風車が回転すると回転軸に接続された発電機６５で電気を発生する。 In the blade 52 applied to the wind turbine equipment of the second invention, one or a plurality of blades are laid at equal intervals around the rotating shaft 51 of the wind turbine via the arm 53. The axis of rotation is horizontal and has a positional relationship that intersects the wind direction of the wind 11. The leading edge of the blade should face leeward when the blade is at the top of the rotation. A lid 54 (the open lid is 54a) is attached to the surface of the blade near the rotation axis, with an axis parallel to the rotation axis as a support axis and freely opening and closing toward the rotation axis. The lid is integrated with the blade in the closed state, and the maximum opening angle is up to the stopper 55 in the open state. When the wind turbine rotates, electricity is generated by the generator 65 connected to the rotating shaft.
　ストッパーは例えばアーム５３に取り付けてよい。フタとブレードをワイヤでつなぎ、フタの最大開き角度を制限する方法でもよい。ストッパーなどでフタの最大開き角度を制限することで、適切な受風面を得られる。 The stopper may be attached to the arm 53, for example. A method of connecting the lid and the blade with a wire to limit the maximum opening angle of the lid may also be used. By limiting the maximum opening angle of the lid with a stopper or the like, an appropriate wind receiving surface can be obtained.
　図１２は実施例４の風が弱く風車が停止している、または回転速度が小さい場合の側面図を示している。回転軸より上にあるブレードのフタは自重で開く。最大開き角度はストッパーの位置で制限する。フタが開いていない状態と比較して、フタが開く分受風面積が増えるためソリディティが大きくなり、風車回転の起動トルクが増大する。 FIG. 12 shows a side view of the fourth embodiment when the wind is weak and the wind turbine is stopped or the rotation speed is low. The lid of the blade above the axis of rotation opens by its own weight. The maximum opening angle is limited by the position of the stopper. Compared to the state where the lid is not opened, the air receiving area is increased by the amount that the lid is opened, so that the solidity is increased and the starting torque of the wind turbine rotation is increased.
　回転軸より下に位置するブレードのフタは自重によりブレード側に閉じる。フタが開いている状態より受風面積が小さくなるため、ブレードが風上側に戻る際の風の抵抗を小さくすることができる。 The lid of the blade located below the rotation axis closes to the blade side due to its own weight. Since the wind receiving area is smaller than when the lid is open, the wind resistance when the blade returns to the windward side can be reduced.
　図１３は風速が十分に大きい場合の状態を示す。風車の遠心力と回転の進行風によりブレードのフタはブレードに押し付けられ、位置にかかわらず常に閉じた状態となる。すなわちソリディティが小さくなる。垂直軸抗力型風車にみられるような受風部の風の抵抗による回転速度の制約を排除することができる。 FIG. 13 shows a state when the wind speed is sufficiently high. The lid of the blade is pressed against the blade by the centrifugal force of the wind turbine and the traveling wind of rotation, and is always in a closed state regardless of the position. That is, the solidity becomes smaller. It is possible to eliminate the restriction of the rotation speed due to the wind resistance of the wind receiving portion as seen in the vertical axis drag type wind turbine.
　図１４は実施例４の実施形態を浮体構造物に設置した状態を表す。 FIG. 14 shows a state in which the embodiment of the fourth embodiment is installed in the floating structure.
　風車は回転軸の両端を支柱６３で支持され、浮体６１に接続される。浮体は本実施形態では2体から構成される双胴船としており、2体の浮体は連結架台６２で連結されて風車設備を構成している。風車設備は係留索６４で海底や周囲構造物、船舶等に係留され、風で吹き流されることで、常に風車回転軸と風向が交差する位置関係となる。 The wind turbine is supported by columns 63 at both ends of the rotating shaft and is connected to the floating body 61. In the present embodiment, the floating body is a catamaran composed of two bodies, and the two floating bodies are connected by a connecting stand 62 to form a wind turbine facility. The wind turbine equipment is moored to the seabed, surrounding structures, ships, etc. by the mooring line 64, and is blown away by the wind so that the wind turbine rotation axis and the wind direction always intersect.
　風車が回転すると、回転軸５１と連結した発電機６５を回して電気を発生する。また風車の回転は直接動力として利用してもよい。 When the wind turbine rotates, the generator 65 connected to the rotating shaft 51 is rotated to generate electricity. Further, the rotation of the wind turbine may be used as direct power.
前記発電機で発電された電気は、浮体内に積載された蓄電池に貯められ浮体に積載した機器の駆動に使用されたり、周囲の水を電気分解して水素を発生させタンクに貯留したり、電線を通じて外部に供給することができる。 The electricity generated by the generator is stored in a storage battery loaded in the floating body and used to drive the equipment loaded in the floating body, or the surrounding water is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen and stored in the tank. It can be supplied to the outside through an electric wire.
　図１５は実施例５の実施形態の全体構成を表す。本実施形態は洋上に限らず陸上の実施でもよい。 FIG. 15 shows the overall configuration of the embodiment of the fifth embodiment. This embodiment is not limited to offshore and may be carried out on land.
　実施例５の風車設備に適用されるブレード５２は、風車の回転軸５１の周囲に風車ホイール５６を介して複数のブレードが等間隔に敷設される。回転軸は水平に、かつ風１１の風向と交差する位置関係にある。ブレードの前縁部は、ブレードが回転の上部にあるとき風下を向くようにする。ブレードの回転軸寄りの面には、回転軸と平行な向きの開閉軸を支点とし、回転軸寄りに自由開閉するフタ５４（開いた状態のフタは５４ａ）が取り付けられている。フタは閉じた状態ではブレードと一体化し、開いた状態では最大開き角度は風車ホイール上に取り付けられたストッパー５５までとなる。風車が回転すると風車ホイールが発電機ホイールを回し、発電機ホイールに接続された発電機６５で電気を発生する。 In the blade 52 applied to the wind turbine equipment of the fifth embodiment, a plurality of blades are laid at equal intervals around the rotating shaft 51 of the wind turbine via the wind turbine wheel 56. The axis of rotation is horizontal and has a positional relationship that intersects the wind direction of the wind 11. The leading edge of the blade should face leeward when the blade is at the top of the rotation. On the surface of the blade near the rotation axis, a lid 54 (the open lid is 54a) that freely opens and closes toward the rotation axis is attached with an opening / closing shaft in a direction parallel to the rotation axis as a fulcrum. The lid is integrated with the blade in the closed state, and the maximum opening angle is up to the stopper 55 mounted on the wind turbine wheel in the open state. When the wind turbine rotates, the wind turbine wheel rotates the generator wheel, and the generator 65 connected to the generator wheel generates electricity.
　風車は回転軸の両端を軸受け７１を介して支柱６３で支持され、風車架台７２に固定されて風車設備を構成している。風車設備は尾羽７４が敷設されることで、常に風車回転軸と風向が交差する位置関係となる。風車ホイールは発電機ホイールの回転中心とずれた位置にあり、風車架台の回転中心は発電機ホイールの回転中心と同軸上にあるため、風向が変化し、風車設備の向きが変わっても発電機は位置固定のまま発電できる。 The wind turbine is supported by columns 63 via bearings 71 at both ends of the rotating shaft, and is fixed to the wind turbine stand 72 to form the wind turbine equipment. By laying the tail feather 74 in the wind turbine equipment, the positional relationship is such that the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction always intersect. The wind turbine wheel is located at a position deviated from the center of rotation of the generator wheel, and the center of rotation of the wind turbine stand is coaxial with the center of rotation of the generator wheel. Can generate electricity with its position fixed.
　前記発電機で発生した電気は、蓄電池に貯留して独立電源として利用したり、配線系統に接続して広域に利用することができる。 The electricity generated by the generator can be stored in a storage battery and used as an independent power source, or can be connected to a wiring system and used over a wide area.
　第３の発明の実施形態を実施例６から実施例９で示す。 Embodiments of the third invention are shown in Examples 6 to 9.
　図１６は第３の発明の風車設備が直立した状態を示す。 FIG. 16 shows a state in which the wind turbine equipment of the third invention is upright.
　風車のシャフト５１の周囲にアーム５３を介してひとつ、または複数のブレード５２が等間隔に敷設される。ブレードの前縁部はブレードが回転軸の上部にあるとき風下を向くようにする。風車はポスト６３で浮体６１上に支持されている。風車は風１１を受けて回転し、風車と連結した発電機６５を動かし電気を発生させる。発生した電気は浮体内に具備される蓄電池に蓄えられる。 One or more blades 52 are laid at equal intervals around the shaft 51 of the wind turbine via the arm 53. The leading edge of the blade should face leeward when the blade is at the top of the axis of rotation. The wind turbine is supported on the floating body 61 by a post 63. The wind turbine rotates in response to the wind 11 and operates a generator 65 connected to the wind turbine to generate electricity. The generated electricity is stored in a storage battery installed in the floating body.
　浮体は水面１２上にあり、係留索６４を通じてアンカー６６海底１０上に設置されることで浮体式風車設備が洋上に固定されている。 The floating body is on the water surface 12, and the floating wind turbine equipment is fixed to the ocean by being installed on the anchor 66 seabed 10 through the mooring line 64.
　風防６７はポストを介して浮体と風車との間に取り付けられる。風防は風車の回転空間に干渉しない。風車設備を通過する風の流れ、つまり気流１４を示す。風車設備が直立した状態において風防は少なくとも風車の回転軸より上側にあたる風は遮蔽しない。風車の回転軸より下部の風は遮蔽してもよい。 The windshield 67 is attached between the floating body and the wind turbine via a post. The windshield does not interfere with the rotating space of the wind turbine. The flow of the wind passing through the wind turbine equipment, that is, the air flow 14, is shown. When the wind turbine equipment is upright, the windshield does not block at least the wind above the rotation axis of the wind turbine. The wind below the axis of rotation of the wind turbine may be shielded.
　図１７は実施例６で、風車設備が風上側に傾斜している状態である。風防は風車が受ける風に影響を与えない。 FIG. 17 shows Example 6 in which the wind turbine equipment is inclined to the windward side. The windshield does not affect the wind that the windmill receives.
　図１８は実施例６の風車設備が風下側に傾斜している状態である。風防は風車が受ける風の下方の一部を遮蔽する。しかし、風車は上部に受ける風で回転を続けることができる。 FIG. 18 shows a state in which the wind turbine equipment of Example 6 is inclined to the leeward side. The windshield shields the lower part of the wind that the windmill receives. However, the windmill can continue to rotate due to the wind received at the top.
　図１９は実施例６の風車が風下に大きく傾斜している状態を示す。 FIG. 19 shows a state in which the wind turbine of Example 6 is greatly inclined downwind.
　定常の稼働状態においては風車設備は図１７～図１８～図１９の状態の間で動揺を繰り返しながら風車は風を受けて回転する。風が強くなるにつれて動揺の振れ幅の中心は風下側に傾斜していくこととなる。 In the steady operating state, the wind turbine equipment rotates in response to the wind while repeating shaking between the states shown in FIGS. 17 to 18 to 19. As the wind gets stronger, the center of the swing width of the sway will incline to the leeward side.
風防は便宜上、風上側の縁を上縁部６７－１、風下側の縁を下縁部６７－２と称する。 For convenience, the windward edge is referred to as the upper edge portion 67-1 and the leeward edge is referred to as the lower edge portion 67-2.
　風が十分に強くなると風車設備はさらに風下側に傾斜し、所定の角度より傾斜すると連続して図１９の状態となる。気流は風防により風車を迂回するため風車は受ける風量が低減するか、風を受けなくなり風車は回転力を失う。強風下で風車が過回転により破損することを回避することができる。風車設備の所定の角度とは、風車の回転径と、風車の回転軸の浮体からの高さ、風防の高さ、風防の形状、風速と気流のコースによって定まり一様ではない。 When the wind becomes sufficiently strong, the wind turbine equipment tilts further to the leeward side, and when it tilts from a predetermined angle, the state shown in FIG. 19 is continuously obtained. Since the airflow bypasses the wind turbine by the windshield, the amount of air received by the wind turbine is reduced, or the wind turbine loses its rotational force because it does not receive the wind. It is possible to prevent the wind turbine from being damaged by over-rotation under strong wind. The predetermined angle of the wind turbine equipment is determined by the rotation diameter of the wind turbine, the height of the rotation shaft of the wind turbine from the floating body, the height of the windshield, the shape of the windshield, the wind speed and the course of the airflow, and is not uniform.
　風が弱くなり風車設備が立ち上がると、再び風車に風が当たるため回転し始める。 When the wind became weak and the wind turbine equipment started up, the wind turbine was hit by the wind again and started to rotate.
　図２０は第３の発明の実施形態の、風車設備が風下方向に大きく傾斜している状態の斜視図である。 FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the third invention in a state where the wind turbine equipment is greatly inclined in the leeward direction.
　風防は、少なくとも風車の全幅に渡る長さがあることが望ましい。 It is desirable that the windshield has a length that covers at least the entire width of the wind turbine.
　風防の受風面は、風車設備が直立した状態では下面であるが、風車設備が風下側に傾斜した際に気流の抵抗を小さくするよう凸状に曲面とする。風防の上縁部、下縁部は、受風面で迂回した気流が風車に回り込まず風防から剥離し後方へ流れるよう、鋭角もしくはそれに準ずる曲面形状で折り返す。風防の風車面側は凹状の曲面が望ましいがその限りではない。 The windshield receiving surface is the lower surface when the wind turbine equipment is upright, but it is curved in a convex shape so as to reduce the resistance of the airflow when the wind turbine equipment is tilted to the leeward side. The upper and lower edges of the windshield are folded back at an acute angle or a curved surface shape equivalent to it so that the airflow detoured on the wind receiving surface does not wrap around the wind turbine but separates from the windshield and flows backward. A concave curved surface is desirable on the wind turbine surface side of the windshield, but this is not the case.
　風防は風速が著しく大きい場合に機能すればよく、風速が著しく大きい場合は風車設備は常に風下側にのみ傾斜する。したがって、風防は単純に風防効果を果たし、かつ風防の着水による損壊を防ぐためには風防は風下側を短くできる。 The windshield only needs to function when the wind speed is extremely high, and when the wind speed is extremely high, the wind turbine equipment always inclines only to the leeward side. Therefore, the windshield simply acts as a windshield, and the windward can be shortened on the leeward side in order to prevent damage due to water landing on the windshield.
　図２１は実施例７の、風防の下縁部の体積を大きくした状態の側面図を示す。 FIG. 21 shows a side view of Example 7 in a state where the volume of the lower edge portion of the windshield is increased.
　風防の下縁部の体積を大きくした浮力を利用して、風車設備が傾斜する角度を制約することができる。 The angle at which the wind turbine equipment tilts can be restricted by using the buoyancy that increases the volume of the lower edge of the windshield.
　図２２は実施例８の、風防が風車ポストの所定の範囲内で上下にスライドできる状態を示す側面図である。 FIG. 22 is a side view showing a state in which the windshield can slide up and down within a predetermined range of the wind turbine post according to the eighth embodiment.
　風防は風車ポストに沿って所定の範囲で自由にスライドできるようにしてもよい。適正な風速域の場合は風防７’は重力により風車ポストの可動範囲内の最下限にある。風速が著しく大きく風車設備は常に風下側にのみ傾斜すると風防は風圧により風車ポストに沿って可動範囲内の上部に移動する。風防が不要な際は風防と風車の距離を空け、風防が必要な際は、風防が風車寄りに移動し風を防ぐことができる。 The windshield may be able to slide freely along the windmill post within a predetermined range. In the proper wind speed range, the windshield 7'is at the lower limit of the movable range of the wind turbine post due to gravity. When the wind speed is extremely high and the wind turbine equipment always tilts only to the leeward side, the windshield moves to the upper part within the movable range along the wind turbine post due to the wind pressure. When the windshield is not needed, the distance between the windshield and the windmill can be increased, and when the windshield is needed, the windshield can be moved closer to the windmill to prevent the wind.
　図２３、２４は実施例９のブレード側面に側壁を設け、回転軸より上部にあるブレードのフタが開いている状態を示す図である。 23 and 24 are views showing a state in which a side wall is provided on the side surface of the blade of the ninth embodiment and the lid of the blade above the rotation axis is open.
　風車回転軸の上側にあるブレードはフタ５４ａが開いた状態で受風面積が増える。この時、側壁６６により受風部は袋状となり、受けた風がフタの側面をすり抜けなくなる。弱い風でも効率よく回転エネルギーを取り出すことができる。フタが閉じた場合は、側壁は風の抵抗がほぼなく回転効率に影響しない。 The blade on the upper side of the wind turbine rotation shaft has an increased wind receiving area with the lid 54a open. At this time, the side wall 66 makes the wind receiving portion bag-shaped, and the received wind does not pass through the side surface of the lid. Rotational energy can be efficiently extracted even in a weak wind. When the lid is closed, the side walls have almost no wind resistance and do not affect rotational efficiency.
　ブレード側面の側壁は固定型でもよく、またフタの開閉と連動して動く折り畳み式やシート状の柔らかい素材であってもよい。 The side wall on the side of the blade may be a fixed type, or may be a foldable or sheet-like soft material that moves in conjunction with the opening and closing of the lid.
　一般的な揚力型ブレードを有する風車設備は弱い風のときは起動性に乏しく、強風のときはブレードが破損する危険性が伴うのに対し、第３の発明の風車設備は上記の通り、弱い風のときの起動性があり、強風のときにはブレードを保護することができるという特徴を併せ持つ。 The wind turbine equipment having a general lift type blade has poor startability in a weak wind, and there is a risk of the blade being damaged in a strong wind, whereas the wind turbine equipment of the third invention is weak as described above. It has the feature that it can be activated in the wind and can protect the blade in the strong wind.
　以上の実施形態では係留型の風車設備として示してあるが、船舶への積載は可能であり、風車回転軸と平行な方向に進行する帆船への利用は側舷の風を利用できるため最適である。 In the above embodiment, it is shown as a mooring type wind turbine facility, but it can be loaded on a ship, and it is most suitable for a sailing ship traveling in a direction parallel to the wind turbine rotation axis because the side wind can be used. be.
　第１の発明は、風車回転軸を風向と交差し水平な位置関係になる構造、ならびに設備とすることで、風車を搭載した浮体設備が風や水面の動揺で傾斜振動する環境で、発電効率の低下がなく、設備故障が少なく、適用できる。 The first invention is to have a structure and equipment in which the rotation axis of the wind turbine intersects the wind direction and has a horizontal positional relationship. It can be applied because there is no decrease in equipment and there are few equipment failures.
　第２の発明の風車設備および風車ブレードは、浮体式洋上風力発電設備において、浮体が動揺しても風車の回転軸と風向との交差関係が変わらない水平横軸風車に利用されていく可能性がある。 The wind turbine equipment and the wind turbine blade of the second invention may be used in a floating offshore wind turbine for a horizontal and horizontal axis wind turbine in which the crossing relationship between the rotation axis and the wind direction of the wind turbine does not change even if the floating body shakes. There is.
第３の発明の風防付き浮体式風車設備は、浮体式洋上風力発電設備において、浮体が動揺しても風車の回転軸と風向との交差関係が変わらない浮体式風車設備に利用されていく可能性がある。 The floating wind turbine facility with a windshield of the third invention can be used in a floating offshore wind turbine facility in which the crossing relationship between the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction does not change even if the floating body shakes. There is sex.
　１　　風車
　２　　回転軸
　３　　軸受
　４　　指示台
　５　　浮体構造物
６　　セイル
７　　ラダー
８　　尾羽
９　　係留索
１１　　風
１２　　水面
１３　　海底
１４　　気流
２１　　風向に対し前傾した水平軸風車
２２　　風向に対し基準位置の水平軸風車
２３　　風向に対し後傾した水平軸風車
３１　　風向に対し前傾した垂直軸風車
３２　　風向に対し基準位置の垂直軸風車
３３　　風向に対し後傾した垂直軸風車
４１　　風向に対し前傾した第1の発明設備の風車
４２　　風向に対し基準位置の第1の発明設備の風車
４３　　風向に対し後傾した第1の発明設備の風車
５１　　回転軸
５２　　ブレード
５３　　アーム
５４　　フタ
５４ａ　　開いたフタ
５４ｂ　　閉じたフタ
５５　　ストッパー
５６　　発電機ホイール
５７　　フタ支軸
５８　　側壁
６１　　浮体
６２　　連結架台
６３　　支柱
６４　　係留索
６５　　発電機
６６　　アンカー
６７　　風防
６７－１　　上縁部
６７－２　　下縁部
６７’　　スライド範囲下限にある風防
７１　　軸受
７２　　風車架台回転テーブル
７３　　発電機ホイール
７４　　尾羽 1 Windmill 2 Rotating shaft 3 Bearing 4 Indicator 5 Floating structure 6 Sail 7 Ladder 8 Tail feather 9 Mooring rope 11 Wind 12 Water surface 13 Seabed 14 Airflow 21 Horizontal axis tilted forward with respect to wind direction Windmill 22 Horizontal axis at reference position with respect to wind direction Wind turbine 23 Horizontal axis wind turbine tilted backward with respect to the wind direction 31 Vertical axis wind turbine tilted forward with respect to the wind direction 32 Vertical axis wind turbine with reference position with respect to the wind direction 33 Vertical axis wind turbine tilted backward with respect to the wind direction 41 First tilted forward with respect to the wind direction Windmill of the invention equipment 42 Windmill of the first invention equipment at a reference position with respect to the wind direction 43 Windmill of the first invention equipment tilted backward with respect to the wind direction 51 Rotating shaft 52 Blade 53 Arm 54 Lid 54a Open lid 54b Closed lid 55 Stopper 56 Generator wheel 57 Lid support shaft 58 Side wall 61 Floating body 62 Connecting stand 63 Prop 64 Mooring line 65 Generator 66 Anchor 67 Windshield 67-1 Upper edge 67-2 Lower edge 67'Windshield 71 at the lower end of the slide range Bearing 72 Windmill stand Rotating table 73 Generator wheel 74 Tail

Claims (8)

  1. 　浮体構造物に据え付けられた風車で、
    風車は、回転軸に交差する方向から風を受けてブレードまたは受風体が回転軸まわりを回転する型であって、
    風車の回転軸を水平に、かつ風向に交差するように配置することで、風車が動揺しても風車の回転軸と風向とからなる角度が安定することを特徴とする浮体式風車設備。     A windmill installed on a floating structure
    A wind turbine is a type in which a blade or a wind turbine rotates around a rotation axis in response to wind from a direction intersecting the rotation axis.
    Floating wind turbine equipment characterized by arranging the rotating shafts of the wind turbine horizontally and intersecting the wind direction so that the angle between the rotating shaft of the wind turbine and the wind direction is stable even if the wind turbine shakes.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の浮体式風車設備であって、
    浮体構造物上には風を受けて推進力を得るセイルと、風車の回転軸と風向が平行にならないように浮体構造物の姿勢を制御する機構を有した浮体式風車設備。     The floating wind turbine equipment according to claim 1.
    Floating wind turbine equipment that has a sail that receives propulsion from the wind on the floating structure and a mechanism that controls the posture of the floating structure so that the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction are not parallel to each other.
  3. 　請求項１に記載した浮体式風車設備であって、
    海底または他の構造物への係留索と、風車の回転軸と風向とが平行にならないための尾羽を有する浮体式風車設備。     The floating wind turbine equipment according to claim 1.
    Floating wind turbine equipment with mooring lines to the seabed or other structures and tail feathers to prevent the axis of rotation of the wind turbine from being parallel to the wind direction.
  4. 　回転軸が水平で、かつ風向と交差する位置関係にあり、その回転軸まわりには少なくともひとつのブレードが具備されそのブレードは、回転軸より上側では風上から風下に向かって回転する風車設備であって、ブレードの回転軸寄りの面の一部あるいは全てが回転軸側に所定の範囲で自由開閉できるフタが具備されており、風車の回転速度が小さいときには回転軸より上部にあるブレードのフタが開いて受風面となり起動トルクを発生させ、回転軸より下部にあるブレードのフタは閉じて向かい風の抵抗を減じ、回転速度が大きいときには遠心力と進行風圧によりフタがブレード側に閉じて回転の空気抵抗を抑制することを特徴とする風車ブレードとその風車設備。 The axis of rotation is horizontal and intersects the wind direction, and at least one blade is provided around the axis of rotation. Therefore, a part or all of the surface of the blade near the rotation axis is provided on the rotation axis side with a lid that can be freely opened and closed within a predetermined range, and when the rotation speed of the windmill is low, the lid of the blade above the rotation axis. Opens to become a wind receiving surface and generates starting torque, the lid of the blade below the rotation axis closes to reduce the resistance of the head wind, and when the rotation speed is high, the lid closes to the blade side due to centrifugal force and traveling wind pressure and rotates A windmill blade and its windmill equipment characterized by suppressing the air resistance of the windmill.
  5. 　前記風車設備を、係留型浮体上に積載した浮体式風車設備。 Floating wind turbine equipment with the wind turbine equipment loaded on a moored floating body.
  6. 風車の回転軸が水平で、かつ風向と交差する位置関係にあり、その回転軸まわりには少なくともひとつのブレードが具備される浮体式風車設備であって、
    浮体構造物と風車の間に風防が具備されており、浮体式風車設備が所定の角度より傾斜した時に風防により風車に受ける風量を低減できることを特徴とする浮体式風車設備。     Floating wind turbine equipment in which the rotation axis of the wind turbine is horizontal and intersects the wind direction, and at least one blade is provided around the rotation axis.
    Floating wind turbine equipment is characterized in that a windshield is provided between the floating structure and the wind turbine, and the amount of air received by the wind turbine can be reduced by the wind turbine when the floating wind turbine equipment is tilted from a predetermined angle.
  7. 　請求項６に記載の風車設備であって、ブレードの回転軸側面に所定の範囲で自由開閉可能なフタを有し、風車の回転速度が小さいときはフタが開き、回転速度が大きいときにはフタが閉じて、ブレードの受風面積を変えて風車の起動性と高いエネルギー効率を得る風車設備。 The wind turbine equipment according to claim 6, which has a lid that can be freely opened and closed within a predetermined range on the side surface of the rotating shaft of the blade, the lid opens when the rotating speed of the wind turbine is low, and the lid opens when the rotating speed is high. Wind turbine equipment that closes and changes the wind receiving area of the blade to obtain the startability and high energy efficiency of the wind turbine.
  8. 　請求項６,７に記載の風車設備であって、風車ブレードの側面は側壁を有しブレードのフタが開いている状態ではブレードの受風部は袋状に閉じていることを特徴とする風車設備。 The wind turbine equipment according to claims 6 and 7, wherein the side surface of the wind turbine blade has a side wall, and when the lid of the blade is open, the wind turbine receiving portion of the blade is closed like a bag. Facility.
PCT/JP2021/003413 2020-02-06 2021-01-29 Windmill equipment and windmill blade WO2021157498A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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JP2020018600A JP6810311B1 (en) 2020-02-06 2020-02-06 Floating wind turbine equipment
JP2020-018600 2020-02-06
JP2020-138598 2020-08-19
JP2020138598A JP7028395B1 (en) 2020-08-19 2020-08-19 Windmill equipment and windmill blades
JP2020166853A JP2022059242A (en) 2020-10-01 2020-10-01 Floating wind turbine facility comprising windshield
JP2020-166853 2020-10-01

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2264754A (en) * 1992-03-04 1993-09-08 Zoysa Garumuni Newton De A wind turbine.
JP2003172245A (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-20 Koji Iizuka Windmill
JP2008115781A (en) * 2006-11-06 2008-05-22 Ogasawara Insatsu Kk H-darrieus type windmill having opening and closing auxiliary blade
KR20100032268A (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-25 원인호 Floating Wind Power Generator
US20100329841A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-12-30 O'neil John Lee California wind engine
KR101034924B1 (en) * 2010-11-15 2011-05-17 우정택 Rotation apparatus for wind power generator having inclined two rotation axes
JP2016148320A (en) * 2015-02-15 2016-08-18 優 菅野 Floating type ocean wind turbine generator system
WO2020021256A1 (en) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Cross-Flow Energy Company Limited Power plant with wind turbine

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2264754A (en) * 1992-03-04 1993-09-08 Zoysa Garumuni Newton De A wind turbine.
JP2003172245A (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-20 Koji Iizuka Windmill
JP2008115781A (en) * 2006-11-06 2008-05-22 Ogasawara Insatsu Kk H-darrieus type windmill having opening and closing auxiliary blade
KR20100032268A (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-25 원인호 Floating Wind Power Generator
US20100329841A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-12-30 O'neil John Lee California wind engine
KR101034924B1 (en) * 2010-11-15 2011-05-17 우정택 Rotation apparatus for wind power generator having inclined two rotation axes
JP2016148320A (en) * 2015-02-15 2016-08-18 優 菅野 Floating type ocean wind turbine generator system
WO2020021256A1 (en) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Cross-Flow Energy Company Limited Power plant with wind turbine

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