WO2021154034A1 - System for preventing solar overheating and freezing-and-bursting by temperature difference control apparatus - Google Patents

System for preventing solar overheating and freezing-and-bursting by temperature difference control apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021154034A1
WO2021154034A1 PCT/KR2021/001218 KR2021001218W WO2021154034A1 WO 2021154034 A1 WO2021154034 A1 WO 2021154034A1 KR 2021001218 W KR2021001218 W KR 2021001218W WO 2021154034 A1 WO2021154034 A1 WO 2021154034A1
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Prior art keywords
heat
temperature
mode
heat medium
storage tank
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PCT/KR2021/001218
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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이만숙
하재현
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이만숙
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Publication of WO2021154034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021154034A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F24S40/52—Preventing overheating or overpressure by modifying the heat collection, e.g. by defocusing or by changing the position of heat-receiving elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/70—Preventing freezing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar overheating and freezing prevention system by a differential temperature control device in a solar thermal system using solar radiation energy for heating and hot water. It consists of a heat storage unit that stores the collected heat, a utilization unit that uses the collected heat, and a control unit for efficiently managing it.
  • a control system in response to a change in solar load according to seasons, it relates to a control system that prevents overheating with an overheat prevention function in summer and prevents freezing with a freeze prevention function in winter.
  • solar heat is mainly used as a system for heating and hot water, and is used to improve the solar heat utilization rate by grafting it with a boiler to supplement the insufficient heating load, or by linking with a heat pump system with air heat and geothermal heat. there is.
  • Solar heat collectors are largely divided into flat plate type and vacuum tube type, and in the structure that collects heat by circulating water directly to the solar heat collector, with the recent development of heat pipe type collectors due to the improvement of solar heat collection technology, only a heat pipe is installed on the heat collector, The heat collected in the pipe is being transferred to a heat medium piping line connected to a manifold and configured as a system for heat storage.
  • the heat medium is used to transfer heat to the connecting piping line between the heat collecting part and the heat storage part, but the durability of the device is rapidly falling due to the pressure increase and overheating of the entire heating medium circulation line due to the high temperature in summer, and the dilution concentration of the heating medium oil is insufficient in the winter season. As a result, the heating medium piping line is frozen, causing serious defects such as paralysis of system functions and freezing of attached equipment.
  • the present invention has been developed to solve the above problems, and in a solar thermal system using a heat pipe type collector, it is possible to prevent overheating due to high temperature in summer and freezing caused by low temperature in winter.
  • the thermal storage tank overheat prevention function prevents the thermal storage tank from overheating by returning to the initialization when the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) reaches the overheat prevention temperature set value ⁇ T4.
  • the operation of the initialization mode is to stop the automatic pressure pump P5 for the initial circulation of the heat medium, stop the heat medium circulation pumps P1 and P2, the circulation direction of the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is switched to AB->B, and the electric valve for heat medium recovery (M5 ) OPEN, the electric valve (M1) for controlling the heat medium is OPEN, and it returns to the initialization mode.
  • the thermal oil on the heating medium piping line 10 is recovered to the service tank 22, the inside of the heating medium piping line is in an empty state, and the superheated air collected in the heat collecting unit waits through the open M1 valve. to prevent overheating and freezing of the solar system.
  • the motorized valve M1 for controlling the heat medium so that the return to the initialization mode to realize the function of preventing overheating of the heat collecting part and the heat medium piping line due to a heat medium circulation failure due to a power failure or a circulation pump failure or system abnormality is operable even during a power failure.
  • the electric valve M5 for heat medium recovery is set to be normally open, and the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is set so that the circulation direction is normally open as AB->B.
  • the overheat prevention function does not boil over in the summer season, and the heat medium piping line does not freeze with the freeze protection function in the winter season, thereby maintaining a stable solar thermal system.
  • FIG. 1 is a representative diagram showing the overall configuration of a solar thermal system
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a temperature difference control method and an overheat prevention function of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing an initialization mode according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing a preliminary operation mode of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing a normal operation mode of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a view showing a heat storage method by a heat exchanger between the heat collecting part and the heat storage part;
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the solar overheating and freezing prevention system control unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a solar overheat and freeze protection system according to the present invention.
  • the pressure used in the present invention is a value set based on the gauge pressure, and the pressure, temperature, and time are not absolute values, but may be arbitrarily set to help understanding, and may be changed during system operation
  • FIG. 1 is a representative diagram showing the overall flow of the solar system, a heat collecting unit 100 for collecting solar heat, a heat storage unit 300 for storing the collected heat, and a heating medium piping line for transferring heat to the heat collecting unit and the heat storage unit ( 10) and the flow of the ondol and fan coil unit, which is the heating use unit 500 using the stored heat, and an example of a grafting method with an auxiliary boiler are shown.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a prior art differential temperature control method and a method of installing and cooling a heat dissipation fan to prevent overheating of a heat storage tank.
  • the high temperature heat medium oil does not go through the heat storage tank by a three-way valve installed in the heat medium circulation line, but is connected to the circulation pump and circulated to prevent overheating by the cooling fan. .
  • the differential temperature control method of the prior art is limited to the process of collecting and storing solar heat.
  • the technical difference in the overheating and freezing prevention function and the clear operation method of the sealing and open circuit of the initial solar system are technical differences. Able to know.
  • the freeze prevention function stops the system and the circulation direction is changed by the three-way valve to recover the heating medium, but it may be difficult to smoothly recover the heating medium to the heating medium tank in a closed state of the heating medium piping line.
  • FIG 3 shows the flow of the solar system in the initialization mode according to the present invention, the configuration and control method of the entire system are as follows.
  • the system of the present invention is broadly divided into ⁇ initialization mode ⁇ preliminary operation stage, ⁇ normal operation standby mode, and ⁇ normal operation mode by differential temperature control, ⁇ heat storage unit overheat prevention mode and ⁇ heat collector overheat prevention mode and ⁇ It is composed of freeze protection mode.
  • the automatic pressure pump P5 for initial circulation of the heat medium is stopped sequentially, the heat medium circulation pumps P1 and P2 are stopped, and the circulation direction of the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is changed to AB->B, and the electric valve for heat medium recovery ( M5) and the electric valve M1 for controlling the heat medium are opened, and the heat medium on the heat medium piping line 10 between the heat collecting part and the heat storage tank is recovered to the service tank 22 by its own weight and the inside of the piping line is empty.
  • the opening of the electric valve M1 for controlling the heat medium serves to supply air to the upper part of the heat medium piping line so that the heat medium oil on the heat medium piping line can be smoothly recovered to the service tank by its own weight. It has a function of discharging the superheated air collected in the heat collecting part to the atmosphere.
  • the opening of the electric valve for heat medium recovery (M5) is a valve installed for the smooth recovery of heat medium on the heat medium piping line to the service tank. It plays a role of recovering the heating medium of the service tank to the service tank.
  • the purpose of installing the air chamber 23 of the heat collecting part is to prevent the water hammer action caused by air bubbles while the heat medium circulates along the piping line by the circulation pump, and to facilitate the circulation of the heat medium.
  • the air chamber structure installed on the upper part of the heat medium circulation line has an inlet installed in the middle of the air chamber, so bubbles generated while the heat medium oil circulates are collected at the upper part of the air chamber, and the heat medium is circulated by the circulation pump through the outlet installed at the lower part of the air chamber. .
  • the heating medium constitutes an open type heating medium circulation circuit that is circulated to the service tank 22 along the piping line.
  • the circulation of the heating medium is empty, and the circulation load of the initial heating medium is increased due to friction loss, head pressure, and head pressure due to the height of the pipe. Therefore, it circulates with the automatic pressure pump (P5) for initial circulation of the heating medium.
  • P5 automatic pressure pump
  • the pressure pump for initial circulation of the heating medium (P5) is an automatic pump controlled by setting the head pressure of 2 to 2.5 kg/cm2. It has a function of smoothly circulating the heating medium in the initial preliminary operation stage, and the commercial operating pressure of the heating medium piping line in the normal operation mode. It functions to always maintain the pressure above the set pressure of 2 ⁇ 2,5kg/cm2.
  • the air in the piping line is removed and only the heating medium oil circulates, the heating medium does not go through the service tank 22.
  • the circulation direction of the three-way valve (V2) for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is changed to AB->A so that it can be circulated only through the heat medium piping line, and the normal operation standby state is obtained, and the heat medium circulates in a closed state in the heat medium piping line.
  • the reason for switching to a closed circuit without passing through the open service tank 22 is the purpose of preventing heat loss due to temperature rise while the thermal oil circulates, and the heat medium circulating load of the closed piping line operated at commercial operating pressure. There is also the purpose of reducing power by changing the circulation to the heat medium circulation pump (P1).
  • the heat medium is circulated along the closed circuit by the heat medium circulation pump P1 from the normal operation standby state.
  • 5 is a normal operation mode under the conditions set as a process of accumulating the solar heat collected by the heat collector 100 in the heat storage tank in the normal operation mode, and the heating medium circulation pump (P1) is started at the differential temperature start temperature by the differential temperature control, , the operation of stopping at the differential temperature end temperature is repeated.
  • the purpose of installing the sealed expansion tank 18 on the heating medium piping line is that the heating medium circulation line 10 does not expand at high temperature as the heating medium oil circulates through the open service tank in the preliminary operation state. By circulating along the closed piping line without going through the tank, it absorbs the expansion pressure due to the increase in specific volume caused by the temperature rise, thereby maintaining the pressure of the piping line constant.
  • a safety valve 15 for heating medium operating at a set pressure is installed for the safety management of the piping line and heat collecting part in case of an unexpected increase in pressure, and the discharged thermal oil is returned to the server tank.
  • system is made up of
  • FIG. 6 is a heat storage system of a heat exchange method mainly used when the heat storage tank is large in a large-capacity solar thermal system, in which a heat exchanger 21 and a convection circulation pump P2 for heat exchange are installed, and the heat exchanger temperature T3 in a normal operation state is heat storage When it is higher than the tank temperature (T2), P2 is started and heat is stored.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the solar system control unit, which shows the overall configuration in which the temperature, pressure and time are measured from the detection unit, and the set values are compared and detected and sequentially controlled according to the conditions given by the operation unit.
  • the control method is as follows. .
  • Preliminary operation phase Normal operation standby mode. It constitutes the control unit of the solar system in the normal operation stage and overheating and freezing prevention mode.
  • the initialization mode refers to the initial operation standby state of the solar system
  • the automatic pump P5 for initial circulation of the heat medium the heat medium circulation pump P1 and the convection circulation pump P2 for the heat exchanger are stopped, and the three-way valve V2 for controlling the circulation direction of the heat medium is the circulation direction.
  • the motorized valve M1 for controlling the heat medium and the motorized valve M5 for recovering the heat medium are opened, and the standby mode is set to the initialization mode.
  • the heat collecting part temperature (T1) is equal to or higher than the heat collecting part low temperature setting value ( ⁇ T5) (T1 ⁇ T5), and the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) If the pre-operation start limit is equal to or lower than the set temperature of the thermal storage tank ( ⁇ T1) (T2 ⁇ T1), the motorized valve M1 for controlling the heat medium and the motorized valve M5 for recovering the heat medium are closed to enter the preliminary operation standby state.
  • the preliminary operation standby state is a preliminary operation standby state for the purpose of preventing heat loss through the M1 valve opened during the process of collecting heat from the heat collecting part and for preventing overheating of the heat collecting part.
  • the temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) and the temperature of the heat storage part (T2) are detected, and if the temperature of the heat collecting part is equal to or higher than the temperature of the heat storage part than the differential temperature setting value ( ⁇ T2) for starting the preliminary operation ( T1-T2 ⁇ ⁇ T2), the pump P5 for initial circulation of the heating medium is started and the preliminary operation is started.
  • the initial circulation pump P5 is a pressure control type automatic pump and maintains the pressure of the sealed pipe line at the set pressure of 2 to 2.5 kg/cm 2 .
  • Normal operation standby state even if the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is higher than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature set value ( ⁇ T4) (T2> ⁇ T4), or is equal to or lower than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature setting value ( ⁇ T4) ( T2 ⁇ T4), if the difference between the heat collecting part temperature (T1) and the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is lower than the differential temperature starting temperature set value ( ⁇ T3-A) (T1-T4 ⁇ T3-A), normal operation standby state becomes
  • the temperature of the heat collecting part is higher than ⁇ T7, which is the set value of the heat collecting part overheating prevention temperature (T1> ⁇ T7), it enters the heat collecting part overheating prevention mode and returns to initialization.
  • the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is equal to or lower than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature set value ( ⁇ T4) (T2 ⁇ T4), and the temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) is different from the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) If the temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature ( ⁇ T3-A) of 8°C (T1-T2 ⁇ T3-A), the thermal medium circulation pump P1 is started to return to normal operation, and the temperature difference between T1-T2 When it is lower than 3°C (T3-B) (T1-T2 ⁇ T3-B), the thermal medium circulation pump P1 stops and the temperature difference is terminated and returns to the normal operation standby state.
  • the temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) increases due to a malfunction of the circulation pump or the occurrence of an abnormality in the system.
  • the overheat prevention temperature is higher than the set value ⁇ T7 ( T1> ⁇ T7), it enters the overheat prevention mode of the heat collector and returns to initialization to prevent overheating.
  • the heat medium control valve M1 and the heat medium recovery motorized valve M5 are set to normally open type, and the three-way valve V2 for heat medium circulation direction control is set to AB->B as normally open type.
  • FIG. 1 an example of a general grafting method of a solar heat utilization unit is described.
  • the solar heat circulation pump (P4) and the boiler circulation pump (P3) are separately installed and operated, and the solar heat A dedicated room temperature controller 51 is installed.
  • the present invention as described above can be widely used in the field of solar thermal systems.
  • V1 Three-way valve for hot water selection
  • V2 Three-way valve for controlling the circulation direction of the heating medium
  • V4 Three-way valve for heating selection
  • ⁇ T1 Preliminary operation start limit heat storage tank temperature setting (90°C setting)
  • ⁇ T2 Differential temperature setpoint for preliminary operation start (set at 10°C)
  • ⁇ T3 Differential temperature setpoint for normal operation control
  • ⁇ T6 Solar-only heating temperature setpoint ( 55°C setting)
  • ⁇ TIME 1 Preliminary operation start time: 3 minutes from P5 start

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for preventing solar overheating and freezing-and-bursting by a temperature difference control apparatus, wherein a main configuration of the system largely comprises an initialization mode, a preliminary operation mode, a normal operation standby mode, a normal operation mode, a heat-collecting unit overheating prevention mode, a heat storage tank overheating prevention mode, and a heat-collecting unit freezing-and-bursting prevention mode, and in which, by comparing and detecting a high-temperature sensor (T1) of a heat-collecting unit and a high-temperature sensor (T2) of a heat storage tank, and linking T1 and T2 to a set temperature value (△T4) for preventing the overheating of the heat storage tank, a set temperature value (△T7) for preventing the overheating of the heat-collecting unit, and a set low-temperature value (△T5) of the heat-collecting unit, the system realizes the function of preventing the overheating of the heat storage tank so that the heat storage tank does not boil over, the function of preventing the heat-collecting unit and a heating medium pipeline from being overheated by the circulation failure of the heating medium due to a power failure, malfunction of a circulation pump, system abnormality, or the like, and the function of preventing the freezing and bursting of the heat-collecting unit and the heating medium pipeline in winter.

Description

차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템Solar overheat and freeze protection system by differential temperature control device
본 발명은 태양의 복사 에너지를 이용하여, 난방 및 온수로 사용하는 태양열 시스템에서 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템에 관한 것이다.더욱 상세하게는, 태양열은 크게 열을 모으는 집열부와, 집열한 열을 저장하는 축열부, 축열한 열을 사용하는 이용부 및 이를 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 제어부로 구성된다.The present invention relates to a solar overheating and freezing prevention system by a differential temperature control device in a solar thermal system using solar radiation energy for heating and hot water. It consists of a heat storage unit that stores the collected heat, a utilization unit that uses the collected heat, and a control unit for efficiently managing it.
태양열 시스템에서, 계절 변화에 따른 태양열의 부하변동에 대응하여, 여름에는 과열방지 기능으로 끓어 넘침을 예방하고, 겨울에는 동파방지 기능으로 어는 상태를 방지하는 제어 시스템과 관한 것이다.In a solar thermal system, in response to a change in solar load according to seasons, it relates to a control system that prevents overheating with an overheat prevention function in summer and prevents freezing with a freeze prevention function in winter.
신. 재생 에너지 중 태양열은 난방 및 온수를 사용하기 위한 시스템으로 주로 사용되고 있으며, 부족한 난방 부하를 보충하기 위하여 보일러와 접목하거나, 공기열, 지열 등과 함께 히트펌프 시스템과 연계하여, 태양열 이용률을 향상시키기 위하여 사용하고 있다.God. Among renewable energy, solar heat is mainly used as a system for heating and hot water, and is used to improve the solar heat utilization rate by grafting it with a boiler to supplement the insufficient heating load, or by linking with a heat pump system with air heat and geothermal heat. there is.
태양열 집열기는 평판형과 진공관형으로 대분되며, 태양열 집열판에 직접 물을 순환시켜 집열하는 구조에서, 태양열 집열 기술의 향상으로 최근에는 히트파이프형 집열기의 개발로 집열판에는 히트파이프만 설치되고, 히트파이프에 집열되는 열은 매니폴더(manifold)에 연결된 열매체 배관라인으로 전달하여 축열하는 시스템으로 구성되는 추세이다. Solar heat collectors are largely divided into flat plate type and vacuum tube type, and in the structure that collects heat by circulating water directly to the solar heat collector, with the recent development of heat pipe type collectors due to the improvement of solar heat collection technology, only a heat pipe is installed on the heat collector, The heat collected in the pipe is being transferred to a heat medium piping line connected to a manifold and configured as a system for heat storage.
이처럼 태양열 집열 기술은 향상되고 있으나, 여름에는 고온 집열되어 과열에 의한 축열 탱크의 끓어 넘치는 현상과, 부속 설비의 과열 팽창 및 변형 등으로 인한 잦은 하자 발생으로 소비자의 불만이 속출하고 있는 실정이다.As such, solar heat collecting technology is improving, but in the summer, high temperature is collected and the heat storage tank boils over due to overheating, and frequent defects due to overheat expansion and deformation of attached facilities are causing complaints from consumers.
한편, 집열부와 축열부간의 연결 배관라인에는 열매체를 사용 열을 전달하고 있으나, 하절기 고온에 의한 열매체 순환라인 전체의 압력 상승과 과열로 기기의 내구성이 급속히 떨어지고 있으며, 동절기에는 열매체유의 희석농도 부족으로 인하여 열매체 배관라인이 얼어 시스템 기능의 마비와 부속 기기의 동파 등으로 심각한 하자가 발생하고 있다.On the other hand, the heat medium is used to transfer heat to the connecting piping line between the heat collecting part and the heat storage part, but the durability of the device is rapidly falling due to the pressure increase and overheating of the entire heating medium circulation line due to the high temperature in summer, and the dilution concentration of the heating medium oil is insufficient in the winter season. As a result, the heating medium piping line is frozen, causing serious defects such as paralysis of system functions and freezing of attached equipment.
특히, 정전이나 열매체 순환펌프의 고장 또는, 시스템 이상으로 열매체 순환장애 현상 발생 시 집열부 및 열매체 배관라인이 과열되어 열매체의 누수 현상과 부속기기의 과열 부식에 의한 집열 효율이 떨어지는 심각한 문제가 발생하고 있다.In particular, when a power failure, a malfunction of the heat medium circulation pump, or a heat medium circulation disorder occurs due to a system abnormality, the heat collecting part and heat medium piping line overheat, causing a serious problem of poor heat collection efficiency due to heat medium leakage and overheating corrosion of accessory equipment. there is.
상기와 같은 이유로, 태양열 집열 기술의 향상으로 히트파이프형 집열기의 보급에도 불구하고, 태양열에 대한 소비자의 신뢰성이 떨어지고 있어 이를 해결할 수 있는 태양열 이용 기술의 개발이 요구된다.For the above reasons, despite the spread of the heat pipe type collector due to the improvement of the solar heat collecting technology, the consumer's reliability of the solar heat is falling, and there is a need to develop a solar heat utilization technology that can solve this problem.
<선행기술 문헌><Prior art literature>
(1) 특허공개 제10-2010-0039526호(1) Patent Publication No. 10-2010-0039526
(2) 특허공개 제10-2009-0053022호 (2) Patent Publication No. 10-2009-0053022
(3) 특허공개 제10-2011-0061175호 (3) Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0061175
(4) 특허등록 제10-1332326호 (4) Patent Registration No. 10-1332326
본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 개발된 것으로 히트 파이프형 집열기를 사용하는 태양열 시스템에서, 하절기 고온에 의한 과열을 방지하고, 동절기 저온에 의한 동파를 예방할 수 있다.The present invention has been developed to solve the above problems, and in a solar thermal system using a heat pipe type collector, it is possible to prevent overheating due to high temperature in summer and freezing caused by low temperature in winter.
특히, 정전이나 순환펌프의 고장 및 태양열 시스템의 이상으로 열매체의 순환 장애로 인한 집열부(100)와 열매체 배관라인(10)의 과열도 방지할 수 있다. In particular, it is possible to prevent overheating of the heat collecting part 100 and the heat medium piping line 10 due to a circulation failure of the heat medium due to a power failure or a failure of the circulation pump and an abnormality of the solar heat system.
상기 해결 과제 중 축열탱크 과열 방지 기능은 과열방지 온도 설정치인 △T4에 축열조 온도(T2)가 도달하면, 시스템은 초기화로 복귀되어 축열탱크의 과열을 방지한다.Among the above solutions, the thermal storage tank overheat prevention function prevents the thermal storage tank from overheating by returning to the initialization when the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) reaches the overheat prevention temperature set value ΔT4.
또, 집열부 과열 방지 기능은 집열부 과열방지 온도 설정치(△T7)에 집열부 온도(T1)가 도달하면, 시스템은 초기화로 복귀되어 집열부의 과열을 방지한다.In addition, in the heat collecting part overheat prevention function, when the heat collecting part temperature (T1) reaches the heat collecting part overheating prevention temperature set value (ΔT7), the system returns to initialization to prevent overheating of the heat collecting part.
또한, 집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 저온 설정치(△T5) 로 내려가면, 동파 방지 모드가 되어 시스템은 초기화로 복귀되어 동파방지 기능을 실현한다. Also, when the heat collecting part temperature T1 drops to the heat collecting part low temperature setting value ?T5, it enters the freeze protection mode, and the system returns to initialization to realize the freeze prevention function.
초기화 모드의 작동은, 열매체 초기 순환용 자동 압력펌프 P5 정지, 열매체 순환펌프 P1 및 P2 정지, 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브 V2 의 순환방향이 AB->B 로 전환되고, 열매체 회수용 전동밸브(M5) OPEN, 열매체 제어용 전동밸브(M1)가 OPEN 되어, 초기화 모드로 복귀된다. The operation of the initialization mode is to stop the automatic pressure pump P5 for the initial circulation of the heat medium, stop the heat medium circulation pumps P1 and P2, the circulation direction of the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is switched to AB->B, and the electric valve for heat medium recovery (M5 ) OPEN, the electric valve (M1) for controlling the heat medium is OPEN, and it returns to the initialization mode.
초기화 모드가 되면, 열매체 배관라인(10) 상의 열매체유는 서비스 탱크(22)로 회수되어, 열매체 배관라인 내부는 비어있는 상태가 되고, 집열부에 집열되는 과열 공기는 개방된 M1밸브를 통하여 대기로 방출되어, 태양열 시스템의 과열 및 동파를 방지하게 된다.In the initialization mode, the thermal oil on the heating medium piping line 10 is recovered to the service tank 22, the inside of the heating medium piping line is in an empty state, and the superheated air collected in the heat collecting unit waits through the open M1 valve. to prevent overheating and freezing of the solar system.
상기 해결 수단 중 정전이나 순환펌프 고장 및 시스템 이상으로, 열매체 순환장애로 인한 집열부 및 열매체 배관라인의 과열 방지 기능을 실현하기 위한 초기화 모드로의 복귀는 정전 시에도 작동 가능하도록 열매체 제어용 전동밸브 M1 및 열매체 회수용 전동밸브M5 는 상시 개방형으로 설정하고, 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브 V2는 순환방향이 AB->B로 상시 개방되게 설정한다. Among the above solutions, the motorized valve M1 for controlling the heat medium so that the return to the initialization mode to realize the function of preventing overheating of the heat collecting part and the heat medium piping line due to a heat medium circulation failure due to a power failure or a circulation pump failure or system abnormality is operable even during a power failure. and the electric valve M5 for heat medium recovery is set to be normally open, and the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is set so that the circulation direction is normally open as AB->B.
본 발명에 의하여, 하절기에는 과열 방지 기능으로 끓어 넘치지 않으며, 동절기에는 동파 방지 기능으로 열매체 배관라인이 얼지 않아, 안정된 태양열 시스템을 유지 할 수 있다.According to the present invention, the overheat prevention function does not boil over in the summer season, and the heat medium piping line does not freeze with the freeze protection function in the winter season, thereby maintaining a stable solar thermal system.
특히, 정전이나 순환펌프 고장 및 시스템 이상 발생으로 열매체 순환 장애로 인한 집열부 및 열매체 배관라인의 과열을 방지할 수 있다.In particular, it is possible to prevent overheating of the heat collecting part and the heat medium piping line due to a heat medium circulation failure due to a power failure, a circulation pump failure, or a system abnormality.
태양열 시스템에서, 과열 및 동파는 하자 발생 빈도수 증가와 내구연수 감소의 최대의 원인으로, 본 발명을 통하여 하자 발생을 줄이고, 내구연수를 보장할 수 있는 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템으로 태양열 이용 기술을 향상 시킬 수 있다.In the solar thermal system, overheating and freezing are the biggest causes of the increase in the frequency of occurrence of defects and the decrease in the durability. It can improve the technology of using solar power.
도 1은 태양열 시스템의 전체 구성을 나타낸 대표도,1 is a representative diagram showing the overall configuration of a solar thermal system;
도 2는 선행기술의 차온 제어 방법 및 과열 방지 기능을 도시한 도면,2 is a view showing a temperature difference control method and an overheat prevention function of the prior art;
도 3은 본 발명에 의한 초기화 모드를 도시한 도면,3 is a view showing an initialization mode according to the present invention;
도 4는 본 발명의 예비운전모드를 도시한 도면, 4 is a view showing a preliminary operation mode of the present invention;
도 5는 본 발명의 정상운전모드를 도시한 도면,5 is a view showing a normal operation mode of the present invention;
도 6은 집열부와 축열부 사이에 열교환기에 의한 축열 방법을 도시한 도면,6 is a view showing a heat storage method by a heat exchanger between the heat collecting part and the heat storage part;
도 7은 본 발명에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템 제어부의 블록도7 is a block diagram of the solar overheating and freezing prevention system control unit according to the present invention
도 8는 본 발명에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템의 흐름도이다.8 is a flowchart of a solar overheat and freeze protection system according to the present invention.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예들을 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
다만, 본 발명을 설명함에 있어 이미 공지된 기능 및 구성에 대한 설명은 본 발명의 요지를 명료하게 하기 위하여 생략하기로 한다.However, in describing the present invention, descriptions of already known functions and configurations will be omitted in order to clarify the gist of the present invention.
본 발명에 사용되는 압력은 게이지 압력을 기준으로 설정한 값이며, 압력과 온도 및 시간은 절대적인 수치가 아니라, 이해를 돕기 위하여 임의 설정한 값으로 시스템 운영상 변경될 수도 있다The pressure used in the present invention is a value set based on the gauge pressure, and the pressure, temperature, and time are not absolute values, but may be arbitrarily set to help understanding, and may be changed during system operation
도 1은 대표도로서 태양열 시스템의 전체 흐름을 나타내고 있으며, 태양열을 모으는 집열부(100)와 집열한 열을 저장하는 축열부(300) , 집열부와 축열부에 열을 전달하는 열매체 배관라인(10)과 축열한 열을 사용하는 난방 이용부(500)인 온돌 및 팬코일 유닛의 흐름과, 보조 보일러와 접목방법의 일례를 도시하고 있다.1 is a representative diagram showing the overall flow of the solar system, a heat collecting unit 100 for collecting solar heat, a heat storage unit 300 for storing the collected heat, and a heating medium piping line for transferring heat to the heat collecting unit and the heat storage unit ( 10) and the flow of the ondol and fan coil unit, which is the heating use unit 500 using the stored heat, and an example of a grafting method with an auxiliary boiler are shown.
도 2는 선행 기술의 차온 제어 방법의 흐름도와 축열조의 과열을 방지하기 위하여 방열팬을 설치 냉각 시키는 방법을 도시하고 있다.2 is a flowchart of a prior art differential temperature control method and a method of installing and cooling a heat dissipation fan to prevent overheating of a heat storage tank.
보충 설명하면, 과열 방지 기능은 축열조의 온도가 오르면 열매체 순환라인에 설치된 삼방 밸브에 의하여 고온의 열매체유는 축열탱크를 경유하지 않고, 순환펌프로 연결되어 순환하면서 냉각팬에 의하여 과열을 방지하고 있다. As a supplementary explanation, when the temperature of the heat storage tank rises, the high temperature heat medium oil does not go through the heat storage tank by a three-way valve installed in the heat medium circulation line, but is connected to the circulation pump and circulated to prevent overheating by the cooling fan. .
따라서, 축열탱크의 과열은 방지할 수 있으나, 집열부와 열매체 배관라인은 냉각팬과 순환펌프의 가동으로 인한 전열 손실과 하절기에는 냉각 부족으로 집열부의 과열을 방지하는 데는 한계가 있다.Therefore, overheating of the heat storage tank can be prevented, but there is a limit in preventing overheating of the heat collecting part due to heat transfer loss due to the operation of the cooling fan and circulation pump in the heat collecting part and the heat medium piping line and lack of cooling in summer.
또한, 정전이나, 순환펌프의 순환장애, 냉각팬의 냉각능력 부족으로 인한 집열부와 열매체 배관라인의 과열로 열매체의 누수 및 집열기의 변형 등 심각한 하자가 발생하는 문제점이 있다.In addition, there is a problem in that serious defects such as leakage of the heat medium and deformation of the heat collector occur due to overheating of the heat collecting part and the heat medium piping line due to a power failure, circulation failure of the circulation pump, or insufficient cooling capacity of the cooling fan.
또, 다른 방법으로 집열부에 차양막을 설치하여 햇볕을 차단 과열을 방지할 수 있으나, 차양막의 설치 및 관리에 애로점이 있으며, 동절기 동파 방지 기능은 없어 열매체 순환라인이 어는 현상이 발생하는 단점이 있다.In addition, it is possible to prevent overheating by blocking sunlight by installing a awning on the heat collecting part in another way, but there are difficulties in installing and managing the awning, and there is no function to prevent freezing in winter, so there is a disadvantage that the heating medium circulation line is frozen. .
선행 기술의 차온 제어 방법은 태양열을 집열 및 축열하는 과정에 한정된 것으로, 본 발명과 비교해 보면, 과열 및 동파 방지 기능의 기술적 차이와, 초기 태양열 시스템의 밀폐 및 개방 회로의 명확한 운전 방법의 기술적 차이를 알 수 있다. The differential temperature control method of the prior art is limited to the process of collecting and storing solar heat. Compared with the present invention, the technical difference in the overheating and freezing prevention function and the clear operation method of the sealing and open circuit of the initial solar system are technical differences. Able to know.
또, 선행 기술에서 동파 방지 기능은 시스템이 정지하고 삼방 밸브에 의하여 순환 방향이 전환되어 열매체를 회수한다고 하지만, 열매체 배관 라인이 밀폐된 상태에서 열매체 탱크로의 원활한 회수가 어려울 수 있다.In addition, in the prior art, the freeze prevention function stops the system and the circulation direction is changed by the three-way valve to recover the heating medium, but it may be difficult to smoothly recover the heating medium to the heating medium tank in a closed state of the heating medium piping line.
보충 설명하면, 밀폐된 배관라인에서 자중에 의하여 열매체를 회수 하려면 배관라인 상부에 공기 유입이 없으면, 열매체가 회수되는 만큼 진공이 생겨 기압의 차이에 의하여 열매체의 원활한 회수가 어렵게 된다. As a supplementary explanation, in order to recover the heating medium by its own weight in a closed piping line, if there is no air inflow in the upper part of the piping line, a vacuum is created as much as the heating medium is recovered, making it difficult to recover the heating medium smoothly due to the difference in atmospheric pressure.
도 3은 본 발명에 의한 초기화 모드에서의 태양열 시스템의 흐름을 도시하고 있으며, 전체 시스템의 구성 및 제어 방법은 다음과 같다.3 shows the flow of the solar system in the initialization mode according to the present invention, the configuration and control method of the entire system are as follows.
본 발명 시스템을 크게 나누면 ㉮ 초기화 모드에서 ㉯ 예비운전 단계를 거쳐 ㉰정상 운전 대기모드가 되고, 차온 제어에 의하여 ㉱정상운전’ 모드가 되며, ㉲축열부 과열 방지모드 및 ㉳ 집열부 과열 방지모드 와 ㉴동파 방지모드로 구성된다. The system of the present invention is broadly divided into ㉮ initialization mode ㉯ preliminary operation stage, ㉰ normal operation standby mode, and ㉱ normal operation mode by differential temperature control, ㉲ heat storage unit overheat prevention mode and ㉳ heat collector overheat prevention mode and ㉴It is composed of freeze protection mode.
초기화 모드로 복귀는, ①집열부 과열 방지모드 작동 시, ②축열부 과열 방지모드 작동 시 , ③ 집열부 동파 방지모드 작동 시 및 ④ 정상운전 대기시간이 △TIME2가 되면 초기화 모드로 복귀된다.To return to the initialization mode, ① when the heat collector overheat prevention mode operates, ② when the heat storage part overheat prevention mode operates, ③ when the heat collector freeze prevention mode operates, and ④ when the normal operation standby time reaches △TIME2, it returns to the initialization mode.
초기화 모드에서는 순차적으로 열매체 초기 순환용 자동 압력 펌프 P5 정지, 열매체 순환펌프 P1 및 P2가 정지되고, 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브 V2는 순환방향이 AB->B로 전환되며, 열매체 회수용 전동밸브(M5) 및 열매체 제어용 전동밸브(M1)는 개방되어, 집열부와 축열탱크 사이 열매체 배관라인(10)상의 열매체는 자중에 의하여 서비스탱크(22)로 회수되어 배관라인 내부가 비어지게 된다.In the initialization mode, the automatic pressure pump P5 for initial circulation of the heat medium is stopped sequentially, the heat medium circulation pumps P1 and P2 are stopped, and the circulation direction of the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is changed to AB->B, and the electric valve for heat medium recovery ( M5) and the electric valve M1 for controlling the heat medium are opened, and the heat medium on the heat medium piping line 10 between the heat collecting part and the heat storage tank is recovered to the service tank 22 by its own weight and the inside of the piping line is empty.
초기화 모드에서 열매체 제어용 전동밸브 M1의 개방은 열매체 배관라인상의 열매체유가 자중에 의하여 서비스 탱크로 원활하게 회수될 수 있게, 열매체 배관라인 상부에 공기를 공급하는 역할과, 집열부 과열 방지기능 작동 시에는 집열부에 집열되는 과열 공기를 대기로 방출하는 기능을 한다. In the initialization mode, the opening of the electric valve M1 for controlling the heat medium serves to supply air to the upper part of the heat medium piping line so that the heat medium oil on the heat medium piping line can be smoothly recovered to the service tank by its own weight. It has a function of discharging the superheated air collected in the heat collecting part to the atmosphere.
또, 초기화 모드에서 열매체 회수용 전동밸브(M5)의 개방은 열매체 배관라인 상의 열매체를 서비스 탱크로의 원활한 회수를 위하여 설치되는 밸브로, 열매체 순환 방향 제어용 삼방 밸브((V2) 와 함께 열매체 배관 라인의 열매체를 서비스 탱크로 회수하는 역할을 한다.In addition, in the initialization mode, the opening of the electric valve for heat medium recovery (M5) is a valve installed for the smooth recovery of heat medium on the heat medium piping line to the service tank. It plays a role of recovering the heating medium of the service tank to the service tank.
집열부의 에어챔버(23) 설치 목적은 열매체가 순환펌프에 의하여 배관라인을 따라 순환하면서 기포에 의하여 발생하는 수격작용을 방지하며, 열매체의 순환을 원활하게 한다.The purpose of installing the air chamber 23 of the heat collecting part is to prevent the water hammer action caused by air bubbles while the heat medium circulates along the piping line by the circulation pump, and to facilitate the circulation of the heat medium.
열매체 순환라인 상부에 설치되는 에어챔버 구조는 에어챔버 중간에 입구가 설치되어 열매체유가 순환하면서 발생하는 기포는 에어챔버 상부에 모아지고 열매체는 에어챔버 하단부에 설치되는 출구를 통하여 순환펌프에 의하여 순환된다.The air chamber structure installed on the upper part of the heat medium circulation line has an inlet installed in the middle of the air chamber, so bubbles generated while the heat medium oil circulates are collected at the upper part of the air chamber, and the heat medium is circulated by the circulation pump through the outlet installed at the lower part of the air chamber. .
도 4는 예비운전 모드로서 집열부 온도(T1)와 축열탱크 온도(T2)를 비교 검출하여 예비운전 모드가 되면, 전동밸브 M1 과 M5는 CLOSE 되고, 열매체 초기 순환용 자동 압력펌프 P5는 기동되어 열매체는 배관라인을 따라 서비스탱크(22)로 순환되는 개방형 열매체 순환 회로를 구성한다.4 shows a preliminary operation mode by comparing and detecting the heat collecting part temperature (T1) and the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) and entering the preliminary operation mode, the motorized valves M1 and M5 are closed, and the automatic pressure pump P5 for initial circulation of the heating medium is started The heating medium constitutes an open type heating medium circulation circuit that is circulated to the service tank 22 along the piping line.
초기 예비 운전 단계에서의 순환은 열매체 배관라인이 비어있는 상태로 마찰손실 수두압과 배관 높이에 의한 수두압 등으로 초기 열매체의 순환 부하가 높아져 열매체 전용 순환펌프(P1)로는 열매체의 초기 순환이 어려울 수 있어 열매체 초기 순환용 자동 압력 펌프(P5)로 순환하게 된다.In the initial preliminary operation stage, the circulation of the heating medium is empty, and the circulation load of the initial heating medium is increased due to friction loss, head pressure, and head pressure due to the height of the pipe. Therefore, it circulates with the automatic pressure pump (P5) for initial circulation of the heating medium.
열매체 초기순환용 압력 펌프(P5)는 수두압 2~2.5kg/㎠으로 설정 제어되는 자동 펌프로 초기 예비운전 단계에서는 열매체를 원활하게 순환시키는 기능과, 정상 운전 모드에서는 열매체 배관라인의 상용 운전압력을 항상 설정 압력인 2~2,5kg/㎠이상으로 유지하는 기능을 한다.The pressure pump for initial circulation of the heating medium (P5) is an automatic pump controlled by setting the head pressure of 2 to 2.5 kg/cm2. It has a function of smoothly circulating the heating medium in the initial preliminary operation stage, and the commercial operating pressure of the heating medium piping line in the normal operation mode. It functions to always maintain the pressure above the set pressure of 2~2,5kg/cm2.
예비운전시간을 △TIME1으로 설정하여 열매체가 배관라인을 따라 서비스탱크(22)로 순환하면서 배관라인의 에어가 제거되고 열매체유만 순환하는 상태가 되면, 열매체는 서비스탱크(22)를 경유하지 않고 열매체 배관라인으로만 순환될 수 있도록 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브(V2)의 순환방향이 AB->A로 전환되어 정상운전 대기상태가 되며, 열매체 배관라인은 밀폐된 상태로 열매체가 순환하게 된다. When the preliminary operation time is set to ΔTIME1 and the heating medium circulates along the piping line to the service tank 22, the air in the piping line is removed and only the heating medium oil circulates, the heating medium does not go through the service tank 22. The circulation direction of the three-way valve (V2) for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is changed to AB->A so that it can be circulated only through the heat medium piping line, and the normal operation standby state is obtained, and the heat medium circulates in a closed state in the heat medium piping line.
열매체유가 개방형의 서비스 탱크(22)로 경유하지 않고 밀폐회로로의 전환이유는 열매체유가 순환하면서 온도 상승에 의한 열 손실을 방지하는 목적과, 상용운전 압력으로 운전되는 밀폐형 배관라인의 열매체 순환부하가 적게 되어, 열매체 순환펌프(P1)로 변경 순환시켜 동력을 절감하는 목적도 있다.The reason for switching to a closed circuit without passing through the open service tank 22 is the purpose of preventing heat loss due to temperature rise while the thermal oil circulates, and the heat medium circulating load of the closed piping line operated at commercial operating pressure. There is also the purpose of reducing power by changing the circulation to the heat medium circulation pump (P1).
따라서, 정상운전 대기상태에서 부터 열매체의 순환은 열매체 순환펌프(P1)에 의하여 밀폐회로를 따라 열매체가 순환하게 된다.Therefore, the heat medium is circulated along the closed circuit by the heat medium circulation pump P1 from the normal operation standby state.
도 5는 정상 운전모드로 집열부(100)에서 집열한 태양열을 축열탱크에 축열하는 과정으로 설정된 조건의 정상 운전모드가 되며, 차온 제어에 의하여 열매체 순환펌프 (P1)가 차온 시작 온도에서 기동하고, 차온 종료 온도에서 정지되는 동작을 반복하게 된다.5 is a normal operation mode under the conditions set as a process of accumulating the solar heat collected by the heat collector 100 in the heat storage tank in the normal operation mode, and the heating medium circulation pump (P1) is started at the differential temperature start temperature by the differential temperature control, , the operation of stopping at the differential temperature end temperature is repeated.
본 시스템에서 열매체 배관라인에 밀폐형 팽창탱크(18) 설치목적은 예비운전 상태에서는 열매체유가 개방된 서비스탱크를 경유하여 순환함으로 열매체 순환라인(10)이 고온 팽창 하지 않지만, 정상운전 상태에서는 열매체유가 서비스탱크를 경유하지 않고 밀폐된 배관 라인을 따라 순환함으로 온도 상승에 따른 비체적 증가에 의한 팽창 압력을 흡수하여, 배관라인의 압력을 일정하게 유지한다.In this system, the purpose of installing the sealed expansion tank 18 on the heating medium piping line is that the heating medium circulation line 10 does not expand at high temperature as the heating medium oil circulates through the open service tank in the preliminary operation state. By circulating along the closed piping line without going through the tank, it absorbs the expansion pressure due to the increase in specific volume caused by the temperature rise, thereby maintaining the pressure of the piping line constant.
밀폐형 팽창 탱크(18)의 설치에도 혹시 모를 압력 상승에 배관라인 및 집열부의 안전관리를 위하여 설정 압력에서 작동하는 열매체용 안전밸브(15)를 설치하고, 방출되는 열매체유는 서버탱크로 회수되는 시스템으로 구성된다. Even with the installation of the sealed expansion tank 18, a safety valve 15 for heating medium operating at a set pressure is installed for the safety management of the piping line and heat collecting part in case of an unexpected increase in pressure, and the discharged thermal oil is returned to the server tank. system is made up of
도 6은 주로 대용량 태양열 시스템에서 축열조가 클 경우 사용하는 열교환 방식의 축열 시스템으로 열교환기( 21)와 열교환용 대류 순환펌프 (P2)를 설치하고, 정상 운전 상태에서 열교환기온도(T3)가 축열탱크 온도(T2)보다 높을 때 P2가 기동되어 축열하게 된다. 6 is a heat storage system of a heat exchange method mainly used when the heat storage tank is large in a large-capacity solar thermal system, in which a heat exchanger 21 and a convection circulation pump P2 for heat exchange are installed, and the heat exchanger temperature T3 in a normal operation state is heat storage When it is higher than the tank temperature (T2), P2 is started and heat is stored.
도 7은 태양열 시스템 제어부의 블록도로서 검측부로부터 온도와 압력 및 시간을 계측하고 설정 값을 비교 검측하여 동작부에서 주어진 조건에 따라 순차적으로 제어되는 전체 구성을 도시한 것으로 제어 방법은 다음과 같다.7 is a block diagram of the solar system control unit, which shows the overall configuration in which the temperature, pressure and time are measured from the detection unit, and the set values are compared and detected and sequentially controlled according to the conditions given by the operation unit. The control method is as follows. .
도 8은 본 발명에 의한 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파방지 시스템의 제어 방법과 흐름도로서, 제어부의 구성을 크게 나누면, 초기화모드 . 예비운전 단계 . 정상운전 대기모드. 정상운전 단계와 과열 및 동파 방지 모드로 태양열 시스템의 제어부를 구성한다.8 is a control method and flow chart of the solar overheat and freeze prevention system by the differential temperature control device according to the present invention. Preliminary operation phase. Normal operation standby mode. It constitutes the control unit of the solar system in the normal operation stage and overheating and freezing prevention mode.
제어부에서, 초기화모드는 태양열 시스템의 초기운전 대기상태를 말하며, 열매체 초기 순환용 자동펌프 P5 , 열매체 순환펌프 P1 및 열교환기용 대류 순환펌프 P2가 정지하고, 열매체 순환 방향 제어용 삼방밸브 V2는 순환방향이 AB->B로, 열매체 제어용 전동밸브 M1과 열매체 회수용 전동밸브 M5는 OPEN되어, 대기상태의 초기화 모드로 된다. In the control unit, the initialization mode refers to the initial operation standby state of the solar system, the automatic pump P5 for initial circulation of the heat medium, the heat medium circulation pump P1 and the convection circulation pump P2 for the heat exchanger are stopped, and the three-way valve V2 for controlling the circulation direction of the heat medium is the circulation direction. At AB->B, the motorized valve M1 for controlling the heat medium and the motorized valve M5 for recovering the heat medium are opened, and the standby mode is set to the initialization mode.
본 발명에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템의 흐름은, 초기화 모드에서, 집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 저온 설정치(△T5)보다 같거나 높고(T1≥△T5), 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 예비운전 기동제한 축열탱크 온도 설정치(△T1) 보다 같거나 낮으면(T2≤△T1), 열매체 제어용 전동밸브 M1 및 열매체 회수용 전동밸브 M5는 CLOSE되어 예비운전 대기 상태가 된다. The flow of the solar overheating and freezing prevention system according to the present invention, in the initialization mode, the heat collecting part temperature (T1) is equal to or higher than the heat collecting part low temperature setting value (ΔT5) (T1≥ΔT5), and the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) If the pre-operation start limit is equal to or lower than the set temperature of the thermal storage tank (ΔT1) (T2≤ΔT1), the motorized valve M1 for controlling the heat medium and the motorized valve M5 for recovering the heat medium are closed to enter the preliminary operation standby state.
보충 설명하면, 집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 저온 설정치(△T5)보다 높아도, 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 예비운전 기동 제한 축열온도 설정치(△T1) 보다 높으면( T2>△T1), 초기화 모드 상태로 있고, T2가 △T1보다 낮으면(T2<△T1) 예비운전 대기단계가 된다.As a supplementary explanation, even if the heat collecting part temperature (T1) is higher than the heat collecting part low temperature setting value (ΔT5), if the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is higher than the preliminary operation start limiting thermal storage temperature setting value (ΔT1) ( T2>ΔT1), initialization In the mode state, if T2 is lower than ΔT1 (T2<ΔT1), it enters the preliminary operation standby stage.
예비운전 대기 상태는 집열부 온도가 집열되는 과정에서 OPEN된 M1밸브를 통한 열 손실을 방지하기 위한 목적과 집열부 과열을 방지하기 위한 목적으로 예비운전 대기 상태가 된다.The preliminary operation standby state is a preliminary operation standby state for the purpose of preventing heat loss through the M1 valve opened during the process of collecting heat from the heat collecting part and for preventing overheating of the heat collecting part.
따라서, 집열부 저온 설정치(△T5)와 예비운전 기동 제한 축열 온도(△T1)를 검측하여, 축열탱크의 축열 온도가 △T1 이상으로 높을 경우 집열부 온도가 올라가도 초기 기동을 제한하여, 초기화 모드로 있기 때문에 집열부의 과열을 방지하는 기능과, 축열 탱크 온도가 △T1 보다 낮고 집열부 온도가 △T5보다 높으면 개방된 M1 밸브를 통한 열손실을 줄이기 위하여 예비운전 대기 단계가 된다. Therefore, by detecting the low temperature setting value of the heat collecting part (ΔT5) and the heat storage temperature limiting the preliminary operation start (ΔT1), if the thermal storage temperature of the thermal storage tank is higher than ΔT1, even if the temperature of the heat collecting part rises, the initial start is restricted, In order to prevent overheating of the heat collecting part, and when the heat storage tank temperature is lower than ΔT1 and the heat collecting unit temperature is higher than ΔT5, it becomes a standby operation standby stage to reduce heat loss through the opened M1 valve.
예비운전 대기단계에서, 집열부 온도(T1)와 축열부 온도(T2)를 검측하여, 예비운전 기동용 차온 설정치(△T2) 보다 집열부 온도가 축열부 온도보다 같거나 높으면( T1-T2≥△T2), 열매체 초기 순환용 펌프 P5는 기동되어 예비운전이 시작된다.In the preliminary operation standby stage, the temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) and the temperature of the heat storage part (T2) are detected, and if the temperature of the heat collecting part is equal to or higher than the temperature of the heat storage part than the differential temperature setting value (ΔT2) for starting the preliminary operation ( T1-T2≥ ΔT2), the pump P5 for initial circulation of the heating medium is started and the preliminary operation is started.
예비운전에서, P5 기동 후 예비운전 기동시간 설정치인 △TIME1이 경과되면, 비어있던 열매체 배관라인에 열매체유가 서비스탱크(22)로 경유 순환하면서 기포가 제거되어 열매체유만 순환하는 단계가 된다. In the preliminary operation, when ΔTIME1, which is the set value of the preliminary operation starting time after starting P5, has elapsed, the thermal medium oil in the empty heating medium piping line is circulated with light oil to the service tank 22, bubbles are removed, and only the heating medium oil is circulated.
따라서, △TIME1(예비운전 기동시간)에서 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브 V2가 AB->A로 순환방향이 전환되어 열매체유가 서비스탱크를 경유하지 않고 열매체 배관라인(10)으로만 순환하는 밀폐된 상태의 정상운전 대기상태가 된다.Therefore, in ΔTIME1 (preliminary operation start time), the circulation direction of the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is changed to AB->A, so that the heat medium oil circulates only through the heat medium piping line 10 without going through the service tank. is in the standby state for normal operation.
이때, 초기 순환용 펌프 P5는 압력제어 방식의 자동 펌프로 설정압력인 2~2.5kg/㎠에서 밀폐된 배관라인의 압력을 유지하게 된다. At this time, the initial circulation pump P5 is a pressure control type automatic pump and maintains the pressure of the sealed pipe line at the set pressure of 2 to 2.5 kg/cm 2 .
정상운전 대기상태는, 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 축열탱크 과열 방지 온도 설정치(△T4)보다 높거나(T2>△T4), 또는, 축열탱크 과열방지 온도 설정치(△T4)보다 같거나 낮아도(T2≤△T4), 집열부 온도(T1)와 축열탱크 온도(T2)의 차이가 차온 시작온도 설정치(△T3-A)보다 낮으면(T1-T4<△T3-A), 정상운전 대기상태가 된다. Normal operation standby state, even if the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is higher than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature set value (ΔT4) (T2>ΔT4), or is equal to or lower than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature setting value (ΔT4) ( T2≤ΔT4), if the difference between the heat collecting part temperature (T1) and the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is lower than the differential temperature starting temperature set value (ΔT3-A) (T1-T4<ΔT3-A), normal operation standby state becomes
이때, 정상운전 대기시간이 길어져, 집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 저온 설정치인 △T5보다 낮으면 (T1<△T5) 집열부 동파방지 모드가 되어 초기화로 복귀하게 된다. At this time, if the normal operation standby time is long and the temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) is lower than the low temperature setting value of the heat collecting part, ΔT5 (T1<ΔT5), the heat collecting part freeze protection mode is returned to initialization.
또한, 집열부 온도가 집열부 과열방지 온도 설정치인 △T7보다 높으면 (T1>△T7) 집열부 과열방지 모드가 되어 초기화로 복귀한다. Also, if the temperature of the heat collecting part is higher than ΔT7, which is the set value of the heat collecting part overheating prevention temperature (T1>ΔT7), it enters the heat collecting part overheating prevention mode and returns to initialization.
또, 정상운전 대기시간이 길어져 △TIME2가 되면 초기화로 복귀되어 시스템의 안정화를 이루고, 전체 시스템은 최소 1일에 한번 이상은 초기화로 복귀되어 부속기기들의 동작 상태가 점검되며, 장기간 미사용에 따른 부속기기의 동작 불량 상태와 같은 부작용 등을 예방할 수 있다. In addition, when the normal operation standby time becomes longer and reaches △TIME2, it returns to initialization to achieve system stabilization, and the entire system returns to initialization at least once a day to check the operation status of accessory devices, and It is possible to prevent side effects such as malfunctioning state of the device.
정상운전 대기상태에서, 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 축열탱크 과열 방지온도 설정치(△T4)보다 같거나 낮고(T2≤△T4), 집열부 온도(T1)가 축열탱크 온도(T2)보다 차온 시작온도 설정치(△T3-A)인 8℃보다 같거나 높으면(T1-T2≥△T3-A), 열매체 순환펌프 P1이 기동되어 정상 운전 상태가 되고, T1-T2 온도차가 차온 종료온도 설정치(△T3-B)인 3℃보다 낮으면(T1-T2<△T3-B), 열매체 순환펌프 P1이 정지하여 차온 종료가 되어 정상운전 대기상태로 돌아간다.In the normal operation standby state, the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is equal to or lower than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature set value (ΔT4) (T2≤ΔT4), and the temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) is different from the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) If the temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature (ΔT3-A) of 8°C (T1-T2≥ΔT3-A), the thermal medium circulation pump P1 is started to return to normal operation, and the temperature difference between T1-T2 When it is lower than 3℃ (T3-B) (T1-T2<ΔT3-B), the thermal medium circulation pump P1 stops and the temperature difference is terminated and returns to the normal operation standby state.
정상운전 상태에서, 집열부와 축열부 사이에 열교환기(21)가 설치된 경우(도6 참조) 열교환기 온도(T3)가 축열탱크 온도보다 높으면(T3>T2) 대류 순한펌프 P2가 기동되어 축열조를 가열하게 된다. In the normal operation state, when the heat exchanger 21 is installed between the heat collecting part and the heat storage part (see Fig. 6), if the heat exchanger temperature (T3) is higher than the heat storage tank temperature (T3 > T2), the convection gentle pump P2 is started and the heat storage tank will heat up
또, 정상운전 상태가 지속되어, 축열조 온도(T2)가 축열조 과열방지 온도 설정치(△T4)인 95℃ 보다 높으면(T2>△T4), 축열탱크 과열방지 모드가 되어 초기화 모드로 복귀되어 과열을 방지한다. In addition, if the normal operation condition continues and the heat storage tank temperature (T2) is higher than 95℃, which is the heat storage tank overheat prevention temperature set value (ΔT4) (T2>ΔT4), it enters the storage tank overheat prevention mode and returns to the initialization mode to prevent overheating. prevent.
또한, 정전이나. 순환펌프의 고장, 시스템의 이상 발생으로 집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 Also, power outages. The temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) increases due to a malfunction of the circulation pump or the occurrence of an abnormality in the system.
과열방지온도 설정치인 △T7 보다 높으면( T1>△T7), 집열부 과열 방지 모드가 되어 초기화로 복귀되어 과열을 방지한다. If the overheat prevention temperature is higher than the set value ΔT7 ( T1>ΔT7), it enters the overheat prevention mode of the heat collector and returns to initialization to prevent overheating.
따라서, 열매체 제어용 밸브 M1 및 열매체 회수용 전동밸브 M5는 상시 개방형으로 설정되고, 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브 V2는 AB->B로 상시 개방형으로 설정되어, 정전 시에도 초기화 모드로 복귀되어 기능을 실현할 수 있다.Therefore, the heat medium control valve M1 and the heat medium recovery motorized valve M5 are set to normally open type, and the three-way valve V2 for heat medium circulation direction control is set to AB->B as normally open type. can
대표도 도1을 참조하여 태양열 이용부의 일반적 접목방법의 일례를 설명하면 태양열과 보일러가 완전 분리된 상태의 접목 방법으로 태양열 순환펌프(P4)와 보일러 순환펌프(P3)가 별도 설치 운영되며, 태양열 전용 실내온도 조절기(51)가 설치된다.Referring to FIG. 1, an example of a general grafting method of a solar heat utilization unit is described. As a grafting method in a state in which solar heat and a boiler are completely separated, the solar heat circulation pump (P4) and the boiler circulation pump (P3) are separately installed and operated, and the solar heat A dedicated room temperature controller 51 is installed.
난방 선택용 제어 기능은, 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 태양열 전용 난방온도 설정치(△T6)보다 같거나 높으면( T2≥△T6), 난방 선택용 삼방밸브(V4)의 순환방향이 AB→B로 전환되고, As for the control function for heating selection, when the temperature of the thermal storage tank (T2) is equal to or higher than the set value of the solar heating temperature (ΔT6) ( T2≥ΔT6), the circulation direction of the three-way valve (V4) for heating selection is AB→B. converted,
축열탱크의 난방 공급관(52)으로 접목되어 태양열 난방 대기단계가 된다.It is grafted to the heating supply pipe 52 of the thermal storage tank and becomes a solar heating standby stage.
반대로, T2가 △T6 보다 낮으면 (T2<△T6), 보일러 난방이 되도록 V4의 순환방향은 AB→A 로 전환되어, 보일러 난방 대기 상태가 된다.Conversely, when T2 is lower than ΔT6 (T2<ΔT6), the circulation direction of V4 is changed to AB→A for boiler heating, and the boiler heating standby state is established.
이상과 같이 본 발명을 설명 하였으나, 반드시 이러한 예들에 국한되는 것이 아니고, 다양하게 변형 실시 될 수 있으므로 본 발명이 제안하는 기술적 보호 범위는 청구항의 범위에서 기술의 특성과 원리로 해석 되어야 하며, 이와 동등한 범위 내에 있는 모든 기술적 사항은 본 발명의 권리에 포함되는 것으로 봐야 할 것이다. Although the present invention has been described as above, it is not necessarily limited to these examples, and since various modifications can be made, the technical protection scope proposed by the present invention should be interpreted as the characteristics and principles of the technology within the scope of the claims, and equivalent All technical matters within the scope should be considered to be included in the right of the present invention.
상기한 바와 같은 본 발명은 태양열 시스템 분야에 널리 이용될 수 있다. The present invention as described above can be widely used in the field of solar thermal systems.
100 : 집열부100: heat collecting part
10 : 열매체 순환 라인10: heat medium circulation line
11 : 열 교환용 대류 순환라인 11: Convection circulation line for heat exchange
12 : 급수 관12: water supply pipe
13 : 온수 관13: hot water pipe
15 : 열매체용 안전밸브15: safety valve for thermal medium
18 : 열매체용 밀폐형 팽창 탱크18: sealed expansion tank for heating medium
21 : 열 교환기21: heat exchanger
22 : 열매체 저장용 서비스 탱크22: service tank for storage of heating medium
23 : 에어 챔버 23: air chamber
300: 축열부300: heat storage unit
130 : 축열 탱크130: heat storage tank
33 : 온수 열교환용 코일33: coil for hot water heat exchange
35 : 열매체 열교환용 코일35: coil for heat medium heat exchange
37 : 첵크 밸브37: check valve
41 : 드레인41: drain
500 : 이용부500: use department
51 : 실내 온도 조절기(R/C)51: room temperature controller (R/C)
52 : 난방 공급관52: heating supply pipe
53 : 난방 환수관53: heating water pipe
54 : 난방 부하 순환라인54: heating load circulation line
<순환펌프><Circulation pump>
P1 : 열매체 순환펌프P1 : Heat medium circulation pump
P2 : 열 교환기용 대류 순환펌프P2 : Convection circulation pump for heat exchanger
P3 : 보조 보일러용 순환펌프P3 : Circulation pump for auxiliary boiler
P4 : 태양열 난방 순환 펌프P4: Solar Heating Circulation Pump
P5 : 열매체 초기 순환용 자동 압력펌프P5 : Automatic pressure pump for initial circulation of heating medium
<온도 계측 센서> <Temperature measurement sensor>
T1 : 집열부 고온 센서T1 : Heat collecting part high temperature sensor
T2 : 축열조 고온 센서T2 : Heat storage tank high temperature sensor
T3 : 열교환기 용 온도 센서T3 : Temperature sensor for heat exchanger
T5 : 축열조 하부 온도 센서T5 : Heat storage tank lower temperature sensor
<제어용 밸브><Control valve>
M1 : 열매체 제어용 전동 밸브M1 : Electric valve for controlling the heating medium
M5 : 열매체 회수용 전동밸브M5: Electric valve for heat medium recovery
V1 : 온수 선택용 삼방 발브V1 : Three-way valve for hot water selection
V2 : 열매체 순환 방향 제어용 삼방 밸브V2 : Three-way valve for controlling the circulation direction of the heating medium
V4 : 난방 선택용 삼방 밸브V4 : Three-way valve for heating selection
<온도 설정치><Temperature set point>
△T1 : 예비운전 기동 제한 축열조 온도 설정치 ( 90℃ 설정 )△T1 : Preliminary operation start limit heat storage tank temperature setting (90℃ setting)
△T2 : 예비운전 기동용 차온 설정치 ( 10℃ 설정)△T2: Differential temperature setpoint for preliminary operation start (set at 10℃)
△T3 : 정상 운전 제어용 차온 설정치△T3 : Differential temperature setpoint for normal operation control
- 차온 시작 온도 설정치 (△T3-A ) : 8 ℃ 설정 - Differential temperature starting temperature setpoint (△T3-A): 8 ℃ setting
- 차온 종료 온도 설정치 (△T3-B ) : 3 ℃ 설정 - Differential temperature end temperature set point (ΔT3-B ): 3 ℃ setting
△T4 : 축열탱크의 과열 방지 온도 설정치 ( 95℃)△T4 : Set value of overheat prevention temperature of thermal storage tank ( 95℃)
△T5 : 집열부의 저온 설정치 (T1) : 15℃ 설정△T5 : Low temperature setting value of heat collecting part (T1) : 15℃ setting
△T6 : 태양열 전용 난방 온도 설정치 ( 55℃ 설정) △T6 : Solar-only heating temperature setpoint ( 55℃ setting)
△T7 : 집열부 과열 방지 온도 설정치 ( T1 : 100~120℃ : 105℃ 설정)△T7 : Temperature setting value for overheating prevention ( T1 : 100~120℃ : 105℃ setting)
<시간 설정치><Time set value>
△TIME 1 : 예비운전 기동시간 : P5 기동으로부터 3 분 설정 △TIME 1: Preliminary operation start time: 3 minutes from P5 start
△TIME 2 : 정상운전 대기 시간 : 3시간 설정△TIME 2 : Normal operation standby time : 3 hours setting

Claims (7)

  1. 태양열 집열부 배관라인 최상부에 설치되는 열매체 제어용 전동밸브(M1)와 집열부 고온센서(T1) 및 에어챔버(23)와;an electric valve (M1) for controlling a heat medium, a heat collecting part high temperature sensor (T1), and an air chamber (23) installed at the top of the solar heat collecting part piping line;
    열매체 순환라인 하단에 설치되는 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브(V2) 및 열매체 회수용 전동밸브(M5), 열매체를 저장 및 공급하는 서비스 탱크(22)와 정상운전 시 열매체를 순환 시키는 열매체 순환펌프(P1)및 열매체 초기 순환용 자동압력 펌프(P5), 열매체의 팽창 압력을 흡수하는 밀폐형 팽창탱크(18) 및 안전밸브(15)로 구성되는 열매체 순환 라인과; A three-way valve (V2) for controlling the heat medium circulation direction installed at the bottom of the heat medium circulation line and a motorized valve for heat medium recovery (M5), a service tank 22 that stores and supplies heat medium, and a heat medium circulation pump (P1) that circulates the heat medium during normal operation ) and an automatic pressure pump for initial circulation of the heat medium (P5), a closed type expansion tank (18) absorbing the expansion pressure of the heat medium, and a safety valve (15); a heat medium circulation line;
    축열탱크(130)의 고온센서(T2)로 구성되는 태양열 집열 및 축열 시스템에 있어서; In the solar heat collection and heat storage system consisting of the high temperature sensor (T2) of the heat storage tank (130);
    상기 태양열 집열 및 축열 시스템의 구동 제어부는 크게 초기화 모드, 예비운전모드, 정상운전 대기모드, 정상운전모드, 집열부 과열 방지모드, 축열탱크 과열 방지모드, 동파 방지모드로 구성되어, 집열부 고온센서(T1)와 축열조 고온센서 (T2)를 비교 검측하여, 축열탱크 과열 방지온도 설정치(△T4) 및 집열부 과열 방지온도 설정치(△T7)와 집열부의 저온 설정치(△T5)가 연계되어 구동제어 되는 것을 특징으로 하는 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템. The driving control unit of the solar heat collection and heat storage system is largely composed of an initialization mode, a preliminary operation mode, a normal operation standby mode, a normal operation mode, a heat collector overheat prevention mode, a heat storage tank overheat prevention mode, and a freeze prevention mode. (T1) and the heat storage tank high temperature sensor (T2) are compared and detected, and the heat storage tank overheat prevention temperature set value (ΔT4), the heat collector overheat prevention temperature set value (ΔT7), and the heat collector low temperature set value (ΔT5) are linked and driven Solar overheating and freezing prevention system by a differential temperature control device, characterized in that controlled.
  2. 청구 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    초기화 모드로의 복귀 시점은, 축열탱크 과열 방지모드 작동 시, 정전 또는 태양열 시스템 이상 발생으로 집열부 과열 방지모드 작동 시와, 동파 방지모드 작동 시 및 정상운전 대기시간이 △TIME2이면 초기화 모드로 복귀되며,The time to return to the initialization mode is when the thermal storage tank overheat prevention mode is operated, when the heat collector overheat prevention mode is activated due to a power outage or a solar system error occurs, when the freeze prevention mode is activated, and the normal operation standby time is △TIME2. becomes,
    초기화모드로의 복귀 순서는, 열매체 초기 순환용 압력펌프 P5정지, 열매체 순환펌프 P1 및 P2 정지, 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브 V2 순환방향 AB→B로 전환, 열매체 회수용 전동밸브(M5) OPEN, 열매체 제어용 전동밸브(M1) OPEN의 순서로 제어되고, 집열부 및 열매체 배관라인 상의 열매체유는 개방된 M1밸브를 통한 공기 유입으로 자중에 의하여 서비스 탱크로 회수되며, 열매체 배관라인은 비어지게 되어, 태양열 시스템이 초기화 모드로 복귀되는 것을 특징으로 하는 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템.The order of return to initialization mode is to stop the pressure pump P5 for the initial circulation of the heat medium, stop the heat medium circulation pumps P1 and P2, the three-way valve V2 for controlling the heat medium circulation direction change the circulation direction from AB to B, and open the motorized valve for heat medium recovery (M5), Controlled in the order of OPEN of the electric valve (M1) for controlling the heat medium, the heat medium oil on the heat collecting part and the heat medium piping line is returned to the service tank by its own weight by inflow of air through the opened M1 valve, and the heat medium piping line becomes empty, Solar overheat and freeze protection system by the differential temperature control device, characterized in that the solar system returns to the initialization mode.
  3. 청구 1항의 초기화 모드에서, In the initialization mode of claim 1,
    집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 저온 설정치(△T5)보다 같거나 높고(T1≥△T5), 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 예비운전 기동제한 축열탱크 온도 설정치(△T1) 보다 같거나 낮으면(T2≤△T1), 열매체 제어용 전동밸브 M1 및 열매체 회수용 전동밸브 M5는 CLOSE되어 예비운전 대기 상태가 되고,When the heat collecting part temperature (T1) is equal to or higher than the heat collecting part low temperature setting value (ΔT5) (T1≥ΔT5), and the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is equal to or lower than the preliminary operation start limiting thermal storage tank temperature setting value (ΔT1) (T2≤ΔT1), the motorized valve M1 for controlling the heat medium and the motorized valve M5 for recovering the heat medium are closed and ready for preliminary operation.
    예비운전 대기 상태에서, 집열부 온도(T1)와 축열부 온도(T2)를 검측하여, 예비운전 기동용 차온 설정치(△T2) 보다 집열부 온도가 축열부 온도보다 같거나 높으면( T1-T2≥△T2), 열매체 초기 순환용 펌프 P5는 기동되어 예비운전이 시작되며,In the standby state for preliminary operation, the temperature of the heat collecting part (T1) and the temperature of the heat storage part are detected (T1-T2≥) △T2), the pump P5 for initial circulation of the heating medium is started and the preliminary operation is started,
    예비운전 기동 후 예비운전 기동시간인 △TIME1 되면, 열매체 순환방향 제어용 삼방밸브 (V2)의 순환방향이 AB→A로 전환되어 밀폐회로의 정상운전 대기 모드가 되는 예비운전 제어 시스템.After the preliminary operation is started, when △TIME1, the preliminary operation start time, the circulation direction of the three-way valve (V2) for controlling the heat medium circulation direction is changed from AB to A, the preliminary operation control system becomes the normal operation standby mode of the closed circuit.
  4. 청구 3항의 정상운전 대기 모드에서,In the normal operation standby mode of claim 3,
    집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 저온 설정치(△T5)보다 낮으면(T1<△T5), 동파 방지 모드가 되어, 초기 순환용 펌프 P5정지, 열매체 펌프 P1, P2 정지 및 삼방밸브 V2는 AB->B로 OPEN되고, 제어용 밸브 M5 및 M1은 OPEN되어, 열매체 배관라인 상의 열매체는 자중에 의하여 자동으로 서비스 탱크(22)로 회수되어 열매체 배관라인이 비어져, 집열부 및 열매체 배관라인의 동파를 방지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템.When the heat collecting part temperature (T1) is lower than the heat collecting part low temperature setting value (ΔT5) (T1<ΔT5), it enters the freeze protection mode, the initial circulation pump P5 stops, the heat medium pumps P1 and P2 stop, and the three-way valve V2 is AB -> OPEN to B, control valves M5 and M1 are OPEN Solar overheating and freezing prevention system by the differential temperature control device, characterized in that to prevent.
  5. 청구 3항의 정상운전 대기 모드에서,In the normal operation standby mode of claim 3,
    집열부 온도(T1)가 차온 시작온도 설정치(T1-T2≥△T3-A)까지 올라가도, 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 축열탱크 과열방지 온도 설정치(△T4)보다 높아(T2>△T4), 정상운전 대기상태로 장시간 있을 경우 집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 과열 방지온도 설정치(△T7)보다 높아지면, 집열부 과열 방지 모드가 되어 초기화로 복귀 집열부 과열을 방지하는 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템.Even if the heat collecting part temperature (T1) rises to the differential temperature starting temperature setting value (T1-T2≥ΔT3-A), the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) is higher than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature setting value (ΔT4) (T2>ΔT4), When the heat collector temperature (T1) is higher than the heat collector overheat prevention temperature set value (ΔT7) when it is in the normal operation standby state for a long time, it enters the heat collector overheat prevention mode and returns to initialization. Solar overheat and freeze protection system.
  6. 청구 1항 있어서, The method of claim 1,
    정상 운전 상태에서, 열매체 순환펌프 P1의 연속적인 기동으로 축열탱크 온도(T2)가 축열탱크 과열 방지온도 설정치(△T4)보다 높아지면( T2>△T4) 축열탱크 과열 방지 모드가 되어, 초기화 모드로 복귀 축열탱크의 과열을 방지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템.In normal operation, if the thermal storage tank temperature (T2) becomes higher than the thermal storage tank overheat prevention temperature set value (ΔT4) due to continuous start of the thermal medium circulation pump P1 ( T2>ΔT4), it enters the thermal storage tank overheat prevention mode and enters the initialization mode. Solar overheating and freezing prevention system by a differential temperature control device, characterized in that it prevents overheating of the furnace return heat storage tank.
  7. 청구 6항의 정상운전 상태에서,In the normal operation state of claim 6,
    정전이나, 순환펌프의 고장 또는 시스템의 이상으로 열매체의 순환 장애가 발생하여 집열부 온도(T1)가 집열부 과열방지온도 설정치(△T7) 보다 높으면(T1>△T7) 집열부 과열방지 모드가 되어, 초기화 모드로 복귀 열매체는 서비스 탱크로 회수되어, 열매체 배관라인이 비어지게 되고, 집열부의 과열공기는 개방된 M1밸브를 통하여 대기로 방출 집열부와 열매체 배관라인의 과열을 방지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차온 제어 장치에 의한 태양열 과열 및 동파 방지 시스템.If the temperature of the heat collector (T1) is higher than the set value of the heat collector overheat prevention temperature (ΔT7) (T1>ΔT7) due to a power failure, a malfunction of the circulation pump, or a system abnormality, the heat medium circulation failure occurs. , returning to the initialization mode, the heating medium is returned to the service tank, the heating medium piping line is emptied, and the superheated air of the heat collecting part is discharged to the atmosphere through the open M1 valve. Solar overheating and freezing prevention system by the differential temperature control device.
PCT/KR2021/001218 2020-01-30 2021-01-29 System for preventing solar overheating and freezing-and-bursting by temperature difference control apparatus WO2021154034A1 (en)

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