WO2021143595A1 - 一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2021143595A1
WO2021143595A1 PCT/CN2021/070461 CN2021070461W WO2021143595A1 WO 2021143595 A1 WO2021143595 A1 WO 2021143595A1 CN 2021070461 W CN2021070461 W CN 2021070461W WO 2021143595 A1 WO2021143595 A1 WO 2021143595A1
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glucuronic acid
xymannan
weight
low
molecular
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French (fr)
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袁清霞
赵龙岩
李宏
韦子怡
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广西中医药大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0205—Oxygen-containing compounds comprising carbonyl groups or oxygen-containing derivatives, e.g. acetals, ketals, cyclic peroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/16—Copper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medicine, in particular to a low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xylan, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Immune low or immune system disorders are closely related to the occurrence and development of a series of diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes, including metabolic syndrome, tumors, etc.). Immunomodulators can effectively enhance the host's defense response, improve the body's resistance, prevent disease invasion, and enhance and improve physical fitness. It brings new hopes for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, and plays a positive role in the prevention and control of a series of major health problems. Research and development of drugs Immunomodulators with significant effects and low side effects are still the focus of new drug development. Some natural immune modulators have been widely used, such as ginseng polysaccharides, mannan peptides, tripterygium polyglycosides and so on.
  • Fungal polysaccharides are a class of active substances extracted and isolated from fungal fruit bodies, mycelium or fermentation broth. It has been proved that fungal polysaccharides have the effects of lowering blood lipids, immune regulation, anti-virus and anti-tumor, and have small toxic and side effects, and are safe and reliable. In particular, their immunomodulatory activity has attracted much attention and is known as a natural "immune enhancer". At present, some fungal polysaccharides such as lentinan, schizophyllum polysaccharide, Yunzhi polysaccharide, polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide, etc. have been used clinically, which can effectively improve the immune function of the body, enhance immunity, and be used as an anti-tumor adjuvant therapeutic agent to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy .
  • lentinan schizophyllum polysaccharide
  • Yunzhi polysaccharide Yunzhi polysaccharide
  • Tremella (Tremella aurantialba Bandoni et Zang) is a fungus belonging to the genus Tremella of the Basidiomycotina subdivision, commonly known as brain ears and golden fungus. It is a precious dual-purpose fungus for food and medicine. Modern studies have shown that golden ears are rich in nutrients and active ingredients such as protein, amino acids, polysaccharides, etc. The polysaccharide content is particularly eye-catching, accounting for 60 to 70% of the dry weight of the fruit body, which is much higher than the proportion of other edible fungi polysaccharides.
  • Glucuronoxylomannan is an acidic polysaccharide composed of glucuronic acid, xylose, and mannose. It exists in the fruiting bodies of Golden Ear (Food Hydrocolloi d, 2015, 43:459- 64; Carbohydr Res, 2009,344(5):672-678), also found in white fungus, fungus and other fungi (Int J MedMushrooms, 2,169-93; Chem Commun, 2018, 54(51), 6995-6998), but The structure of glucuronic acid-xymannan from different species is quite different.
  • the natural auricularia glucuronic acid-xymannan has biological activities such as enhancing immunity, lowering blood lipids, anti-tumor, protecting liver, and anti-oxidation, especially having strong immune-enhancing activity.
  • TAG still has some pharmaceutically unacceptable physical properties, such as high viscosity and poor solubility.
  • Properly depolymerized oligo-TAG can retain the immune enhancing activity of natural TAG, and the viscosity is significantly reduced, the solubility is significantly enhanced, and it has good druggability.
  • Relevant studies in this field have shown that acid hydrolysis degradation of polysaccharides is not selective, cannot maintain the basic structure of the prototype polysaccharide, and damages the structure of the polysaccharide greatly, and the acid hydrolysis conditions and the quality of depolymerization products are difficult to control. Due to the particularity of TAG chemical structure, common polysaccharide depolymerization methods such as enzymatic depolymerization, acid or alkali depolymerization, etc. are difficult to apply to TAG depolymerization.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-molecular-weight golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan and its preparation method and application.
  • the low-molecular-weight golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan (LTAG) has strong body immunity
  • the enhanced activity can act on the TLR4 receptor to activate macrophages and promote the production of various immune factors. Therefore, it can be used to prevent and/or treat diseases related to immunodeficiency.
  • the present invention provides a low-molecular-weight golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan (LTAG), the low-molecular-weight golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan is derived from the homologous glucuronic acid-xymannan
  • LTAG low-molecular-weight golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan
  • A is ⁇ -D-mannose-1-base
  • B is ⁇ -D-mannose-1-base
  • C is ⁇ -D-glucuronic acid-1-group
  • D is ⁇ -D-xylose-1-base
  • R1 is —OH or –2–O– ⁇ –D–mannose
  • R2 is -H or (1 ⁇ 2,3)- ⁇ -D-mannose
  • R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are independently -H or -COCH 3 ;
  • the compound is a deacetylated derivative of low molecular weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan.
  • the polydispersity index (PDI, the ratio of weight average to number average molecular weight, M w /M n ) of the low-molecular-weight auronic acid-xylan of the present invention is generally between 1.0 and 2.0; preferably low
  • the PDI of molecular weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan is between 1.1 and 1.6.
  • the low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xylanose contains mannose (D-Man, corresponding to A and B in the above structural formula), glucuronic acid ( D-GlcA, corresponding to C in the above structural formula), xylose (D-Xyl, corresponding to D in the above structural formula)
  • the molar ratio of the three monosaccharide residues to the contained -COCH 3 is 3: (1 ⁇ 0.3): (1 ⁇ 0.3):(0.5 ⁇ 0.05);
  • the number of moles of COCH 3 contained in the low-molecular-weight golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan deacetylated derivative is 0;
  • n is an integer with a mean value of 4-12.
  • the low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xylan is a gold separated and extracted from the fruiting bodies of the genus Tremella of the Basidiomycotina, the class Tremella, and the fermented mycelium or the fermentation broth thereof. Depolymerization product of auronic acid-xymannan.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan is in the range of 8,000-24,000 Da.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan is in the range of 10,000-20,000 Da.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan is 19,300 Da.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan is 14700 Da.
  • the average value of n of the homologous glucuronic acid-xymannan derivative is 5-10.
  • the viscosity of the low-molecular-weight golden ear-glucuronic acid-xylan is between 0.05-0.50 dL/g, and at this viscosity, the low-molecular-weight golden ear-glucuronic acid-xylan has a viscosity of 0.05-0.50 dL/g.
  • Glycans are easily soluble in water and have strong medicinal properties.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of low molecular weight aureuronic acid-xylan, said preparation method comprising the following steps:
  • Tremella Extract the total polysaccharides of Tremella, namely Tremella glucuronic acid-xymannan from the fruiting bodies, fermented mycelium or fermentation broth of Tremella genus Tremella of the Basidiomycete subdivision;
  • Extracting golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan (TAG) from golden ear can refer to methods known in the art, generally including but not limited to the following steps: hot water extraction or enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the extract; Ethanol and/or acetone precipitation to obtain the crude polysaccharide extract; followed by dialysis, ultrafiltration or gel filtration to remove small molecular impurities; ion exchange chromatography purification (DEAESepharose Fast Flow), etc.; finally, aureus glucuron was obtained by freeze drying Acid-xylan (TAG).
  • the specific method of using peroxide to depolymerize aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan in the step (2) is: depolymerizing aureus glucuronic acid-xylin obtained in step (1)
  • the mannose is dissolved in deionized water to obtain an aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.05-10%, and then a metal ion catalyst with a mass fraction of 0.05-0.5% is added to the resulting aqueous solution, and then a peroxide with a mass fraction of 1-6% is added.
  • the compound whose R1 is -OH can account for the total amount of LTAG in terms of mole percentage More than 90%.
  • the metal ion catalyst is copper acetate; and the peroxide is hydrogen peroxide.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a deacetylated derivative of low-molecular-weight aureuronic acid-xymannan.
  • the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • Tremella 1) Extract the total polysaccharides of Tremella, namely Tremella glucuronic acid-xymannan from the fruiting bodies of Tremella genus Tremella of the Basidiomycete subdivision, fermented mycelium or its fermentation broth;
  • step 2) The aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan obtained in step 1) is formulated into an aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.05-10%, and then a NaOH solution with a final concentration of 0.05-0.5M is added to the resulting aqueous solution, at the reaction temperature The reaction temperature is 10-40°C for 0.5-6h. After the reaction is completed, the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 with hydrochloric acid, and small molecular impurities are removed by dialysis, ultrafiltration or gel column chromatography to obtain the low molecular weight aureus glucuron Acid-a deacetylated derivative of xylan.
  • Extracting golden ear glucuronic acid-xylan (TAG) from golden ear can refer to methods known in the art, generally including but not limited to the following steps: hot water extraction or enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the extract, Ethanol and/or acetone precipitation to obtain the crude polysaccharide extract, followed by dialysis, ultrafiltration or gel filtration to remove small molecular impurities, ion exchange chromatography purification (DEAESepharose Fast Flow), etc., and finally obtain auricular glucuron by freeze drying Acid-xylan (TAG).
  • the present invention also provides an application of low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan, which utilizes the above-mentioned low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xylan and low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid -Deacetylated derivatives of xylan or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the two to prepare immune enhancers.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt by using a cation exchange column.
  • the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition of an immune enhancer, said pharmaceutical composition containing an effective dose of the LTAG of the present invention and its deacetylated derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical excipients .
  • the pharmaceutical composition containing low-molecular-weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan can be selected as a systemic formulation, suitable for intravenous injection, intramuscular and/or subcutaneous injection.
  • the preferred dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition is a freeze-dried powder for injection, an aqueous solution for injection, and the like.
  • the LTAG of the present invention is a polysaccharide compound with good stability, it can be used in combination with existing clinical drugs, including simultaneous administration with existing drugs such as anti-tumor drugs, or to form a pharmaceutical composition preparation.
  • the above-mentioned pharmaceutically acceptable salts may all be organic ammonium salts, alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of low molecular weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan.
  • all the above-mentioned pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be calcium salts, sodium salts or potassium salts.
  • the present invention first discovered that the low molecular weight Tumuronic acid-xylan (LTAG) with potent immune-enhancing activity can significantly promote macromolecules within the experimental dose range (12.5-200 ⁇ g/mL).
  • the proliferation of phages stimulates macrophages to release NO and secrete immune factors such as IL-1 ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ in a dose-dependent manner.
  • the present invention also found that as an immune enhancer, the LTAG is characterized by binding to cells.
  • TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
  • LTAG low-molecular-weight aureuronic acid-xylan
  • the present invention solves some pharmacologically unacceptable problems in natural golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan (TAG). Physical properties such as high viscosity and poor solubility. In addition, it can retain the immune activity of the depolymerized product (LTAG). While the immune activity is basically not reduced, the molecular weight of the polymer is reduced, and the compound structure is clearer. The viscosity is reduced, the solubility is improved, and the medicine is stronger.
  • TAG golden ear glucuronic acid-xymannan
  • LTAG Tumuronic Acid-xylan
  • Figure 1 shows the HPGPC spectrum of TAG derived from golden ear and its low molecular weight product LTAG;
  • Figure 2 shows the LTAG 1 H detection map
  • Figure 3 shows the detection spectrum of LTAG 13 C NMR
  • Figure 4 shows the detection spectrum of LTAG DEPT135°
  • Figure 5 is a superimposed map of LTAG 1 H- 1 H COSY, TOCSY and ROESY anomeric hydrogen signal regions;
  • Figure 6 shows the detection spectrum of LTAG 1 H- 1 H HSQC
  • Figure 7 shows the detection spectrum of LTAG 1 H- 13 C HMBC
  • Figure 8 shows the 1 H NMR detection spectrum of LTAG deacetylated derivatives
  • Figure 9 shows the effect of LTAG on the proliferation of macrophages, showing that LTAG can make macrophages proliferate
  • Figure 10- Figure 12 shows the effect of LTAG on the production of NO, IL-1 ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ , showing that LTAG can stimulate the production of NO, IL-1 ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ ;
  • Figures 13-15 are data graphs showing the effect of LTAG on cytokine levels in the presence or absence of anti-TLR4 antibodies, showing that the membrane receptor that LTAG acts on is TLR4.
  • the reagents used for H 2 O 2 , Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ H 2 O, NaCl, NaOH, ethanol, etc. are all commercially available analytical reagents.
  • TAG Golden Ear Glucuronic Acid-xylan
  • LTAG low molecular weight aureus glucuronic acid-xymannan
  • the obtained precipitate was dissolved in 20 ml of water, exchanged into sodium salt by Dowex 50WX8 type cation exchange resin, then dialyzed against a dialysis membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 1000 Da for 24 hours, and freeze-dried to obtain 1.66 g of depolymerized sample LTAG-1 with a yield of 83.0%.
  • HPGPC detection spectra of TAG and its depolymerized product LTAG-1 are shown in Figure 1, and the monosaccharide composition and physical and chemical parameter determination results are shown in Table 1.
  • the 1D and 2D NMR detection spectra are shown in Figure 2-7, 1 H/ 13 C
  • the signal attribution of the NMR spectrum data is shown in Table 2.
  • test results in Table 1 show that compared with TAG, the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of LTAG-1 are significantly reduced, while the monosaccharide composition and acetyl content remain stable (molar ratio is about 3:1:1:0.5).
  • LTAG-1 Take LTAG-1 as an example to briefly describe its signal attribution and structural analysis.
  • the 1 H/ 13 C NMR spectrum of LTAG-1 is shown in Figure 2-3 and Figure 4, and the signal attribution data is shown in Table 2.
  • the figure is 1 H- 1 H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY spectra.
  • Figure 5 shows that the prepared depolymerization product LTAG-1 contains seven sets of spin coupling systems.
  • the signals located at 5.14, 5.19, and 5.19 ppm in the low field region are the ⁇ -1,2-Man, ⁇ -1,3-Man and ⁇ -1,2,3-Man sugar residues of the free end of the main chain, respectively.
  • End group hydrogen signal The ⁇ -terminal hydrogen signal appears at about 4.3-4.7 ppm.
  • 4.38, 4.52, 4.61, and 4.67 ppm signals correspond to ⁇ -1,3-xyl, ⁇ -1,4-glcA, ⁇ -T-Man and ⁇ -T-Xyl, respectively.
  • Acetyl protons appear at about 2.1-2.2 ppm.
  • the 1 H- 1 H NOESY spectrum shows the coupling of the terminal hydrogen of ⁇ -1,2,3-Man with its own H3 and the coupling with the H3 of ⁇ -1,2-Man; ⁇ -1,3 -Man end group hydrogen is coupled with ⁇ -1,2,3-Man H3; ⁇ -1,2-Man end group hydrogen is coupled with ⁇ -1,3-Man H3; ⁇ -1,3-xyl, ⁇
  • the terminal hydrogens of -1,4-glcA are coupled to the H2 of ⁇ -1,2,3-Man; the terminal hydrogens of ⁇ -T-Xyl are coupled to the H3 of ⁇ -1,3-xyl; ⁇ -T-
  • the terminal hydrogen of Man is coupled to H3 of ⁇ -1,4-glcA.
  • this figure is a 1 H- 13 C HSQC spectrum. According to Figure 6, it can be judged that the ⁇ -1,2-Man, ⁇ -1,3-Man, and ⁇ in the 13 C-NMR spectrum are -1,2,3-Man, ⁇ -1,3-xyl, ⁇ -1,4-glcA, ⁇ -T-Man and ⁇ -T-Xyl C1 peaks appear at 104.57, 105.10, 103.51, 106.28, 104.74, 104.74, and 106.29 ppm.
  • the carbonyl carbon (C6) in the carboxyl group of GlcA and the carbonyl carbon (C7) in the acetyl group appeared at almost the same positions at 178.2 and 177.2 ppm, respectively.
  • this figure is a 1 H- 13 C HMBC spectrum.
  • the H1 of ⁇ -1,2,3-Man is coupled to its own C3, and that of ⁇ -1,2,3-Man Coupling between C3; ⁇ -1,3-Man H1 and ⁇ -1,2,3-Man C3 coupling; ⁇ -1,2-Man H1 and ⁇ -1,3-Man C3 coupling; ⁇ -1 H1 of ,3-xyl and ⁇ -1,4-glcA are coupled to C2 of ⁇ -1,2,3-Man respectively; H1 of ⁇ -T-Xyl is coupled to C3 of ⁇ -1,3-xyl; ⁇ - H1 of T-Man is coupled to C3 of ⁇ -1,4-glcA.
  • This further confirms the connection between LTAG-1 constituent monosaccharides. Through the signal changes before and after deacetylation, the acetyl group of LTAG-1 is substituted on the OH group at the
  • Table 2 1 H/ 13 C NMR detection data of LTAG-1 prepared by the golden ear fruit body TAG ( ⁇ [ppm])
  • the TAG derived from the fruit body of Tremella auriculariae was prepared by the same method as in Example 1.
  • the reagents used for H 2 O 2 , Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ H 2 O, NaCl, NaOH, ethanol, etc. are all commercially available analytical reagents.
  • LTAG product detection detection of glucuronic acid (D-GlcA) content by carbazole sulfate method (Zhang Weijie, Biochemical Research Technology of Sugar Complex (Second Edition), Zhejiang: Zhejiang University Press, 1999, 11-21);
  • the Uzbek viscometer is used to determine the intrinsic viscosity according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) Four General Principles 0633 Viscosity Determination Method; High Performance Gel Chromatography (HPGPC) to detect molecular weight and distribution; the composition of monosaccharides is detected by pre-column derivatization HPLC.
  • the molecular weight distribution of the depolymerized product prepared by the hydrogen oxide depolymerization method of the TAG derived from the golden ear fruit body is relatively narrow, the uronic acid content and monosaccharide composition do not change significantly, and the characteristic viscosity decreases as the molecular weight decreases.
  • TAG and LTAG-1 derived from the fruiting bodies of Tremella were prepared by the same method as described in Example 1.
  • the reagents used in NaCl, NaOH, ethanol, HCl, etc. are all commercially available analytical reagents.
  • LTAG deacetylation product LTAG-1a detection detection of glucuronic acid (D-GlcA) content by carbazole sulfate method (Zhang Weijie, Biochemical Research Technology of Sugar Complex (Second Edition), Zhejiang: Zhejiang University Press, 1999 ,11-21); Use a Uzbek viscometer to determine the intrinsic viscosity according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) Four General Rules 0633 Viscosity Determination Method; High Performance Gel Chromatography (HPGPC) to detect the molecular weight and distribution; the monosaccharide composition is pre-column derivatization HPLC detection. The integrated area of the 1 H NMR methyl peak is calculated as the mole percentage of acetyl group.
  • Step 2 The measurement results of the obtained deacetylated product LTAG-1a are shown in Table 4.
  • the deacetylation product LTAG-1a prepared by the treatment of LTAG-1 with weak alkali has a narrow molecular weight distribution, and the uronic acid content and monosaccharide composition do not change with that of LTAG-1.
  • the characteristic viscosity increases with the increase of the acetyl group. Removal and significantly reduced.
  • the 1 H NMR spectrum is shown in Fig. 8.
  • the deacetylation product of LTAG-1 prepared by weak alkali treatment, LTAG-1a has the acetyl signal peak at 2.0-2.2ppm in the hydrogen spectrum completely disappeared.
  • Test sample LTAG-1 and LTAG-3 (Mw19.3 and 11.1kDa) prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 were dissolved in water for injection and stored at 4°C.
  • MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumb romide, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purchased from Sigma; high-glucose medium (High-glucoseDulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin (penicillin), and streptomycin (streptomycin) were purchased from HyClone; IL-1 ⁇ ELISA kit was purchased from BDBiosciences; TNF- ⁇ ELISA kit was purchased from Simbosheng company; NO determination kit was purchased from Progema company; AntiTLR2 (6C2) monoclonal antibody and Anti-TLR4 (MTS510) monoclonal antibody were purchased from eBioscience company.
  • DMEM High-glucoseDulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • penicillin penicillin
  • streptomycin streptomycin
  • RAW264.7 cells were purchased from the China Type Culture Collection. The cells were frozen and recovered according to conventional methods.
  • both LTAG-1 and LTAG-3 can significantly promote the secretion of NO, IL-1 ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ by macrophages in the experimental dose range. The effect is more obvious at the concentration, which is comparable to the positive control group.
  • LTAG-1 promotes the secretion of NO, IL-1 ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ by macrophages at a concentration of 100-200 ⁇ g/ml. There is no significant difference compared with the prototype TAG, indicating that the depolymerization product LTAG-1 can be well retained Immune enhancing activity of prototype TAG.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)及其制备方法和应用，特别涉及本发明涉及医药技术领域。本发明提供的LTAG重均分子量为8,000-24,000Da，本发明提供制备LTAG的方法，采用过氧化物法解聚金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖以获得低分子量产物，然后通过阳离子交换树脂交换成药学上可接受的盐，所得LTAG结构清晰、黏度低、溶解性好，具有强效机体免疫增强活性，能够作用于TLR4受体激活巨噬细胞，促进各种免疫因子的产生，因此，可用于预防和/或治疗免疫低下相关疾病。

Description

一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其制备方法和应用
本申请要求于2020年1月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010061256.9、发明名称为“一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其制备方法和应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域，尤其涉及一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
免疫低下或免疫***失调与一系列疾病(肥胖及2型糖尿病等在内的代谢综合症、肿瘤等)的发生发展息息相关。免疫调节剂能有效增强宿主防御应答、提高机体抵抗力、防止疾病侵袭以及增强并改善体质，为许多疾病的预防及治疗带来新的希望，对防控系列重大健康问题起积极作用，研发药效显著且毒副作用小的免疫调节剂仍是新药开发的关注点。已有部分天然免疫调节剂广泛使用，如人参多糖、甘露聚糖肽、雷公藤多苷等。
真菌多糖是从真菌子实体、菌丝体或发酵液中提取分离得到的一类活性物质。已证实真菌多糖具有降血脂、免疫调节、抗病毒及抗肿瘤等功效且毒副作用小，安全可靠，尤其免疫调节活性备受关注，被誉为天然的“免疫增强剂”。目前已有香菇多糖、裂褶菌多糖、云芝多糖、猪苓多糖等部分真菌多糖应用于临床，能有效改善机体免疫功能、提高免疫力，并作为抗肿瘤的辅助治疗剂，减轻放化疗副作用。
金耳(Tremella aurantialba Bandoni et Zang)属担子菌亚门层菌纲银耳属真菌，俗称脑耳、金木耳，是一种珍贵的食药两用真菌。现代研究表明，金耳富含蛋白质、氨基酸、多糖等营养物质及活性成分，尤其多糖含量引人注目，占子实体干重的60～70％，远高于其他食用菌多糖所占比重。其中，葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(Glucuronoxylomannan)是一种由葡萄糖醛酸、木糖、甘露糖构成的酸性多糖，存在于金耳子实体中(Food Hydrocolloi d,2015,43:459-64；Carbohydr Res,2009,344(5):672-678)，也见于银耳、木耳等真菌中(Int J MedMushrooms,2,169-93；Chem Commun, 2018,54(51),6995-6998)，但不同物种来源的葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖结构差异较大。天然的金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)具有增强免疫、降血脂、抗肿瘤、护肝、抗氧化等生物活性，尤其具有强效的免疫增强活性。
然而，天然TAG仍存在一些药学上难以接受的物理特性，如黏度大、溶解性较差等。适当解聚的低聚TAG可保留天然TAG的免疫增强活性，而且黏度显著降低、溶解性显著增强且具有良好的成药性。本领域相关研究显示，酸水解降解多糖不具有选择性，不能保持原型多糖的基本结构，对多糖的结构破坏较大，而且酸水解条件及解聚产物质量难以控制。由于TAG化学结构的特殊性，酶法解聚、酸或碱解聚等常用的多糖解聚方法均难以应用于TAG解聚。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其制备方法和应用，该低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)具有强效机体免疫增强活性，能够作用于TLR4受体激活巨噬细胞，促进各种免疫因子的产生，因此，可用于预防和/或治疗免疫低下相关疾病。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖为同系葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖衍生物的混合物，其结构式如下：
Figure PCTCN2021070461-appb-000001
所述结构式中，
A为α–D–甘露糖–1–基；
B为β–D–甘露糖–1–基；
C为β–D–葡萄糖醛酸–1–基；
D为β–D–木糖–1–基；
R1为–OH或–2–O–α–D–甘露糖；
R2为–H或(1→2,3)–α–D–甘露糖；
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9相互独立地为-H或-COCH 3；
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9均为–H时，化合物为低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物。
本发明之低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的多分散指数(PDI,重均/数均分子量之比，M w/M n)一般介于1.0至2.0之间；优选的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的PDI介于1.1至1.6之间。
本发明中，进一步地，以摩尔比计，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖所含甘露糖(D-Man，对应上述结构式中的A和B)、葡萄糖醛酸(D-GlcA，对应上述结构式中的C)、木糖(D-Xyl，对应上述结构式中的D)三种单糖残基与所含–COCH 3的摩尔比为3:(1±0.3):(1±0.3):(0.5±0.05)；
所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖脱乙酰化衍生物所含–COCH 3的摩尔数为0；
所述n是均值为4-12的整数。
本发明中，进一步地，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖为担子菌亚门层菌纲银耳属金耳子实体、发酵菌丝体或其发酵液中分离提取的金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的解聚产物。
本发明中，进一步地，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的重均分子量范围为8,000-24,000Da。
本发明中，进一步地，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的重均分子量范围为10,000-20,000Da。
本发明中，进一步地，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的重均分子量为19300Da。
本发明中，进一步地，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的重均分子量为14700Da。
本发明中，进一步地，所述同系葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖衍生物的n的均值为5-10。
本发明中，进一步地，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的黏度介于0.05-0.50dL/g，在该粘度下，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖易溶于水，成药性强。
本发明还提供一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)从担子菌亚门层菌纲银耳属金耳子实体、发酵菌丝体或其发酵液中提取金耳总多糖，即金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖；
(2)利用过氧化物解聚步骤(1)所得的金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，以获得其低分子量的解聚产物，即低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖。
从金耳中提取金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)可参考本领域已知的方法进行，一般包括但不限于以下步骤：热水提取或加酶酶解处理获得提取液；乙醇和/或丙酮沉淀得到粗多糖提取物；再进行透析、超滤或凝胶过滤除小分子杂质；离子交换色谱法纯化(DEAESepharose Fast Flow)等；最后通过冷冻干燥法获得金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)。
本发明中，进一步地，所述步骤(2)中采用过氧化物解聚金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的具体方式为：将步骤(1)所得金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖用去离子水溶解得到质量分数为0.05-10％的水溶液，接着向所得水溶液中加入质量分数为0.05-0.5％的金属离子催化剂，接着加入质量分数为1-6％过氧化物，于25-55℃温度下反应；期间进行HPGPC检测，待检测到解聚产物分子量达到所述重均分子量范围时，加入金属离子螯合剂终止反应，再加入乙醇或丙酮将解聚产物沉淀，离心收集沉淀，采用超滤、透析或凝胶色谱法进行脱盐处理，即可得到所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖。
以本发明上述方法制备的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)中，根据产物 1H NMR谱图计算，以摩尔百分比计，R1为-OH的化合物可占LTAG总量的90％以上。
本发明中，进一步地，所述金属离子催化剂为乙酸铜；所述过氧化物为过氧化氢。
本发明还提供一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)从担子菌亚门层菌纲银耳属金耳子实体、发酵菌丝体或其发酵液中 提取金耳总多糖，即金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖；
2)将步骤1)所得金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖配成质量分数为0.05-10％的水溶液，接着向所得水溶液中加入终浓度为0.05-0.5M的NaOH溶液，在反应温度为10-40℃下反应0.5-6h，反应结束后用盐酸调节pH为6.5-7.5，透析、超滤或过凝胶柱层析除去小分子杂质，即得到所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物。
从金耳中提取金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)可参考本领域已知的方法进行，一般包括但不限于以下步骤：热水提取或加酶酶解处理获得提取液，乙醇和/或丙酮沉淀得到粗多糖提取物，再进行透析、超滤或凝胶过滤除小分子杂质，离子交换色谱法纯化(DEAESepharose Fast Flow)等，最后通过冷冻干燥法获得金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)。
本发明还提供一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的应用，是利用以上所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖、低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物或以上两者在药学上可接受的盐制备免疫增强剂。
本发明中，进一步地，所述药学上可接受的盐是通过采用阳离子交换柱将所得产品转化为药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还进一步提供一种免疫增强剂的药物组合物，所述药物组合物中含有有效剂量的本发明LTAG及其脱乙酰化衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐，及药用赋形剂。含低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的药物组合物可选择***给药制剂，适合静脉注射给药、肌肉内和/或皮下注射给药制剂。这些制剂中，优选的药物组合物剂型为注射用冻干粉针剂、注射用水溶液等。
由于本发明之LTAG为多糖类化合物具有良好的稳定性，因此可以与现有临床用药联合使用，包括与现有药物如抗肿瘤药物同时给药，或组成药物组合物制剂。
本发明中，进一步地，以上所述药学上可接受的盐均可以是低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的有机铵盐、碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。
本发明中，进一步地，以上所述药学上可接受的盐均可以为钙盐、钠盐或者钾盐。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明首先发现，所述强效免疫增强活性的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)，其在实验剂量范围内(12.5-200μg/mL)均能显著促进巨噬细胞的增殖，剂量依赖性地刺激巨噬细胞释放NO及分泌免疫因子如IL-1β、TNF-α等，此外，本发明还发现，作为免疫增强剂，所述LTAG的特点是结合细胞的Toll-样受体4(TLR4)；由于针对巨噬细胞激活的免疫增强剂已成为增强免疫药物研制的重点方向，因此，本发明之低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)对于研制免疫增强剂具有重要的应用价值。
2、本发明在制备低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)的过程中，解决了天然金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)存在一些药学上难以接受的物理特性如黏度大、溶解性较差等问题，此外，还能保留解聚产物(LTAG)的免疫活性，在免疫活性基本不降低的同时，降低了解聚物的分子量，其化合物结构更清楚，黏度降低，溶解性提高，成药性更强。
3、申请人经过多次试验发现，酶法解聚、酸或碱解聚等常用的多糖解聚方法均难以应用于金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)解聚，经研究可能是由于TAG化学结构的特殊性导致，为避免解聚过程对TAG特征结构的影响，本发明通过金属离子催化的过氧化物解聚法实现TAG解聚，试验结果显示，该方法除了降低结构单元的聚合度外(结构中n的数值降低)，基本不影响解聚产物的基本结构如单糖组成、重复结构单元特性，不影响乙酰基等特征化学官能团，即不影响低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖结构式的结构通式。
4、以本发明上述方法制备的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)中，根据产物1HNMR谱图计算，以摩尔百分比计，R1为-OH的化合物可占LTAG总量的90％以上。
说明书附图
图1为金耳来源的TAG及其低分子量产物LTAG的HPGPC图谱；
图2为LTAG  1H检测图谱；
图3为LTAG  13C NMR检测图谱；
图4为LTAG DEPT135°检测图谱；
图5为LTAG  1H- 1H COSY、TOCSY和ROESY异头氢信号区域叠加 图谱；
图6为LTAG  1H- 1H HSQC检测图谱；
图7为LTAG  1H- 13C HMBC检测图谱；
图8为LTAG脱乙酰衍生物 1H NMR检测图谱；
图9为LTAG对巨噬细胞增殖影响，显示LTAG能够使巨噬细胞增殖；
图10-图12为LTAG对NO、IL-1β、TNF-α产生的影响，显示LTAG能够刺激NO、IL-1β、TNF-α的产生；
图13-图15为LTAG在有或无抗TLR4抗体存在下对细胞因子水平的影响数据图，显示LTAG作用的膜受体为TLR4。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其制备方法和应用进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)的制备
1.材料和方法
(1)材料
金耳(Tremella aurantialba Bandoni et Zang)，市售品；
H 2O 2、Cu(CH 3COO) 2·H 2O、NaCl、NaOH、乙醇等所用试剂均为市售分析纯试剂。
(2)方法
1)金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(TAG)制备：取金耳干燥子实体，粉碎，提取、分离、纯化，获得TAG，得率50.6％，纯度98％(HPGPC，面积归一化法)，重均分子量(Mw)为6.24×10 5Da。
2)低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)制备：取步骤1)所得TAG2.0g与一水乙酸铜混合后加入反应瓶中，加蒸馏水20ml溶解，35℃水浴，在15min内滴加10％的H 2O 210mL，反应过程中用1M的NaOH溶液控制pH值范围为5.0-6.0。连续搅拌反应约0.5h后，向反应液中加入40mg EDTA-2Na终止反应，加入无水乙醇120ml，4000rpm离心15min得沉淀。将所得沉淀加水20ml溶解，经Dowex 50WX8型阳离子交换树脂交换成 钠盐，然后以截留分子量1000Da的透析膜透析24小时，冷冻干燥，得到解聚样品LTAG-1 1.66g，得率为83.0％。
3)将所得TAG及其解聚产物LTAG-1理化性质及结构检测：硫酸咔唑法检测葡萄糖醛酸(D-GlcA)含量(张惟杰，糖复合物生化研究技术(第二版)，浙江：浙江大学出版社，1999,11-21)；采用乌式粘度计按照中国药典(2015版)四部通则0633黏度测定法测定特性黏数；高效凝胶色谱法(HPGPC)检测分子量及分布；单糖组成采用柱前衍生化HPLC检测。
4)采用甲基化分析TAG多糖连接方式；AVANCEAV 600核磁共振谱仪(600MHz)检测NMR谱图解析糖结构(瑞士Bruker公司，溶剂为D 2O含Trimethylsilyl-propionic acid(TSP-d4)内标，温度25℃)； 1H NMR甲基峰积分面积计算乙酰基摩尔百分比。
2.结果：
TAG及其解聚产物LTAG-1的HPGPC检测谱图见附图1，单糖组成、理化参数测定结果见表1；1D和2D NMR检测谱图见附图2-7， 1H/ 13C NMR谱图数据的信号归属见表2。
表1金耳子实体来源的TAG及LTAG-1的理化参数、单糖组成检测结果
Figure PCTCN2021070461-appb-000002
表1检测结果显示，与TAG相比，LTAG-1分子量和特性粘度显著降低，而单糖组成及乙酰基含量保持稳定(摩尔比约3:1:1:0.5)。
以LTAG-1为例简述其信号归属与结构解析。LTAG-1的 1H/ 13C NMR谱图见附图2-3和附图4，其信号归属数据见表2。
如附图5所示，该图为 1H- 1H COSY、TOCSY、ROESY谱图，图5中显示制备的解聚产物LTAG-1含有七组自旋耦合***。位于低场区5.14、5.19、5.19ppm处信号分别为主链α-1,2-Man、α-1,3-Man和α-1,2,3-Man糖残基的游离末端的α-端基氢信号。β-端基氢信号出现在约4.3-4.7ppm处。 其中，4.38、4.52、4.61、4.67ppm信号分别对应β-1,3-xyl、β-1,4-glcA、β-T-Man和β-T-Xyl。乙酰基质子出现在约2.1-2.2ppm。 1H- 1H NOESY谱则分别显示了α-1,2,3-Man的端基氢与自身的H3耦合，以及与α-1,2-Man的H3之间耦合；α-1,3-Man端基氢与α-1,2,3-Man的H3耦合；α-1,2-Man端基氢与α-1,3-Man的H3耦合；β-1,3-xyl、β-1,4-glcA的端基氢分别与α-1,2,3-Man的H2耦合；β-T-Xyl的端基氢与β-1,3-xyl的H3耦合；β-T-Man的端基氢与β-1,4-glcA的H3耦合。该结果表明了单糖之间的连接关系：Man以α(1→2)和α(1→3)糖苷键相互连接形成主链，Man则以β(1→4)糖苷键连接于GlcA形成支链连接于主链Man的2位，另外两个Xyl以β(1→3)糖苷键相连形成支链连接于主链Man的2位。
如附图6所示，该图为 1H- 13C HSQC谱图，依据该图6可判断， 13C-NMR谱中的α-1,2-Man、α-1,3-Man、α-1,2,3-Man、β-1,3-xyl、β-1,4-glcA、β-T-Man和β-T-Xyl的C1峰分别出现在104.57、105.10、103.51、106.28、104.74、104.74和106.29ppm。GlcA羧基中的羰基碳(C6)与乙酰基中的羰基碳(C7)出现在几乎相同的位置分别为178.2和177.2ppm。
如附图7所示，该图为 1H- 13C HMBC谱图，图7中可见α-1,2,3-Man的H1与自身的C3耦合，以及与α-1,2-Man的C3之间耦合；α-1,3-Man H1与α-1,2,3-Man的C3耦合；α-1,2-Man H1与α-1,3-Man的C3耦合；β-1,3-xyl、β-1,4-glcA的H1分别与α-1,2,3-Man的C2耦合；β-T-Xyl的H1与β-1,3-xyl的C3耦合；β-T-Man的H1与β-1,4-glcA的C3耦合。由此进一步确认LTAG-1组成单糖之间的连接关系。通过脱乙酰化前后的信号变化，LTAG-1乙酰基取代位于Man 6位的OH基上。
表2金耳子实体TAG制备的LTAG-1的 1H/ 13C NMR检测数据(δ[ppm])
Figure PCTCN2021070461-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021070461-appb-000004
*加粗体表示糖残基的取代位点。
综合LTAG-1氢谱、碳谱及其相关谱可见，本品三种组成单糖中，α-Man通过α-(1→2)和α-(1→3)糖苷键相互连接组成聚糖主链，侧链是由β-xyl、β-glcA和β-Man形成的二糖连接于主链的Man的2位。乙酰基取代位点位于Man的6位OH上，而仅有少数Man残基的6位OH基被乙酰基取代，氢谱中可计算出乙酰基摩尔百分比约为10％。
实施例2
系列分子量LTAG的制备
1.材料和方法
(1)材料
金耳子实体来源的TAG，同实施例1所述方法制备。
H 2O 2、Cu(CH 3COO) 2·H 2O、NaCl、NaOH、乙醇等所用试剂均为市售分析纯试剂。
(2)方法
1)系列分子量LTAG样品制备：金耳子实体来源的TAG三份各2g，采用实施例1步骤2)所述方法解聚，但反应终止的时间点分别为60，120，180min。经超滤脱盐，阳离子交换柱交换，制备获得的LTAG解聚产物分别编号为：LTAG-2、LTAG-3和LTAG-4。所述解聚产物的得率均大于75％；
2)LTAG产物检测：硫酸咔唑法检测葡萄糖醛酸(D-GlcA)含量(张惟杰，糖复合物生化研究技术(第二版)，浙江：浙江大学出版社，1999,11-21)；采用乌式粘度计按照中国药典(2015版)四部通则0633黏度测定法测定特 性黏数；高效凝胶色谱法(HPGPC)检测分子量及分布；单糖组成采用柱前衍生化HPLC检测。
2.结果
所得系列解聚产物LTAG-2、LTAG-3、LTAG-4的测定结果，如表3所示。
表3金耳子实体来源的LTAG的理化参数、单糖组成检测结果
Figure PCTCN2021070461-appb-000005
根据表3检测结果显示，金耳子实体来源的TAG经过氧化氢解聚法制备的解聚产物分子量分布较窄，糖醛酸含量和单糖组成没有明显变化，特征黏度随分子量降低而降低。
实施例3
LTAG脱乙酰化衍生物的制备
1.材料和方法
(1)材料
金耳子实体来源的TAG及LTAG-1，同实施例1所述方法制备。
NaCl、NaOH、乙醇、HCl等所用试剂均为市售分析纯试剂。
(2)方法
1)LTAG脱乙酰化样品制备：取LTAG-11g，加入去离子水10mL，向所得LTAG-1水溶液中滴加1M的NaOH水溶液1mL，反应温度为30℃，反应4h。反应结束用1M HCl调pH为7.4，过Bio-Gel P2凝胶柱层析除去小分子杂质，采用阳离子交换柱将所得产品转化为药学上可接受的盐；所述脱乙酰化产物命名为LTAG-1a，得率大于85％；
2)LTAG的脱乙酰化产物LTAG-1a检测：硫酸咔唑法检测葡萄糖醛酸(D-GlcA)含量(张惟杰，糖复合物生化研究技术(第二版)，浙江：浙江大学 出版社,1999,11-21)；采用乌式粘度计按照中国药典(2015版)四部通则0633黏度测定法测定特性黏数；高效凝胶色谱法(HPGPC)检测分子量及分布；单糖组成采用柱前衍生化HPLC检测。 1H NMR甲基峰积分面积计算乙酰基摩尔百分比。
2.结果
步骤2)所得脱乙酰化产物LTAG-1a的测定结果如表4。
表4 LTAG-1的脱乙酰化产物LTAG-1a的理化参数、单糖组成检测结果
Figure PCTCN2021070461-appb-000006
根据表4检测结果显示，LTAG-1经弱碱处理制备的脱乙酰化产物LTAG-1a分子量分布较窄，糖醛酸含量和单糖组成与LTAG-1没有变化，特征黏度随着乙酰基的脱除而明显降低。
1H NMR谱图见附图8，根据附图检测结果显示，LTAG-1经弱碱处理制备的脱乙酰化产物LTAG-1a，其氢谱中2.0-2.2ppm处的乙酰基信号峰完全消失，表明LTAG-1a的脱乙酰化程度为100％。糖残基其他所有信号峰未见改变，表明弱碱处理不影响LTAG-1的基本结构。
实施例4
低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖(LTAG)免疫活性
1.材料与试剂
(1)检测样品：实施例1和实施例2制备的LTAG-1和LTAG-3(Mw19.3和11.1kDa)溶于注射用水中，4℃下保存。
(2)试剂：MTT(3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumb romide、脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)购自Sigma公司；高糖培养基(Hi gh-glucoseDulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium,DMEM)、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)、青霉素(penicillin)、链霉素(streptomycin)购自HyClo ne公司；IL-1βELISA kit购自BDBiosciences公司；TNF-αELISA kit购 自欣博盛公司；NO测定试剂盒购自Progema公司；AntiTLR2(6C2)单克隆抗体、Anti-TLR4(MTS510)单克隆抗体购自eBioscience公司。
(3)细胞：RAW264.7细胞购于中国典型培养物保藏中心。细胞均按常规方法冻存和复苏。
2.实验方法
(1)金耳多糖对RAW264.7的细胞活力检测：对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞悬液(1×10 6/mL)接种于96孔板，37℃下5％CO 2培养过夜，弃上清，加入不同浓度金耳多糖，37℃下5％CO 2培养24h后，MTT法检测细胞毒性。Tecan酶标仪测定OD值，计算细胞活力。
(2)金耳多糖对RAW264.7释放NO及细胞因子的影响：将对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞悬液(5×10 5/mL)接种于6孔板，37℃下5％CO 2培养过夜后，弃去上清，加入不同浓度金耳多糖，37℃下5％CO 2培养24h后，通过试剂盒检测NO及细胞因子含量。
(3)膜受体的检测：将对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞悬液(4×105/mL)接种于6孔板，37℃下5％CO 2培养过夜后，弃上清，加入10μg/mL抗体预处理2h后再加入100μg/mL金耳多糖孵育24h，试剂盒检测NO及细胞因子含量。
3.实验结果
(1)LTAG对巨噬细胞活力影响：如附图9结果显示，LTAG-1和LTAG-3在实验剂量范围能够极显著促进巨噬细胞的增殖；根据配制最高浓度药物(200μg/ml)未见显著的细胞毒性。
(2)LTAG对免疫因子的影响：如附图10-12结果显示，LTAG-1和LTAG-3在实验剂量范围均能够极显著促进巨噬细胞分泌NO、IL-1β和TNF-α，高浓度时效果更明显，可与阳性对照组相媲美。LTAG-1在浓度为100-200μg/ml时促进巨噬细胞分泌NO、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平与原型TAG相比无显著性差异，表明解聚产物LTAG-1能够很好地保留原型TAG的免疫增强活性。
(3)LTAG免疫增强活性的膜受体：如附图13-15结果显示，在抗体Anti-TLR4存在下LTAG-1促进巨噬细胞分泌NO、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平明显降低，而在抗体Anti-TLR2存在下未见影响，表明TLR4为LTAG影 响巨噬细胞的膜受体。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖为同系葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖衍生物的混合物，其结构式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2021070461-appb-100001
    所述结构式中，
    A为α-D-甘露糖-1-基；
    B为β-D-甘露糖-1-基；
    C为β-D-葡萄糖醛酸-1-基；
    D为β-D-木糖-1-基；
    R 1为-OH或-2-O-α-D-甘露糖；
    R 2为-H或(1→2,3)-α-D-甘露糖；
    R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9相互独立地为-H或-COCH 3；
    当R 3、R 4、R 5、R6、R 7、R 8和R 9均为-H时，化合物为低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，以摩尔百分比计，R 1为-OH的化合物占所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖总量的90％以上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖中，乙酰基摩尔百分比为10％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征 在于，以摩尔比计，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖所含甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、木糖三种单糖残基与所含-COCH 3的摩尔比为3:(1±0.3):(1±0.3):(0.5±0.05)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，以摩尔比计，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖所含甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、木糖三种单糖残基与所含-COCH 3的摩尔比为3.01:0.98:0.99:0.5、3.04:1.02:1.03:0.54或3.08:1.12:1.10:0.52。
  6. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物所含-COCH 3的摩尔数为0。
  7. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述n是均值为4～12的整数。
  8. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求7所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述n的均值为5～10。
  9. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的多分散指数为1.0～2.0。
  10. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的黏度为0.05～0.50dL/g。
  11. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖为担子菌亚门层菌纲银耳属金耳子实体、发酵菌丝体或其发酵液中分离提取的金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的解聚产物。
  12. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求1所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的重均分子量范围为8,000-24,000Da。
  13. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    权利要求1～12任一项所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)从担子菌亚门层菌纲银耳属金耳子实体、发酵菌丝体或其发酵液中提取金耳总多糖，即金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖；
    (2)利用过氧化物解聚步骤(1)所得的金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，以获得 其低分子量的解聚产物，即低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖。
  14. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中采用过氧化物解聚金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的具体方式为：将步骤(1)所得金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖用去离子水溶解得到质量分数为0.05-10％的水溶液，接着向所得水溶液中加入质量分数为0.05-0.5％的金属离子催化剂，接着加入质量分数为1-6％过氧化物，于25-55℃温度下反应；期间进行HPGPC检测，待检测到解聚产物分子量达到所述重均分子量范围时，加入金属离子螯合剂终止反应，再加入乙醇或丙酮将解聚产物沉淀，离心收集沉淀，采用超滤、透析或凝胶色谱法进行脱盐处理，即得到所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖。
  15. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，将所述质量分数为1-6％过氧化物替换为质量分数为10％的过氧化物。
  16. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述终止反应的时间点为30min、60min、120min或180min。
  17. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属离子催化剂为乙酸铜。
  18. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述过氧化物为过氧化氢。
  19. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属离子螯合剂为EDTA-2Na。
  20. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述于25-55℃温度下反应过程中，使用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液控制pH值范围为5.0～6.0。
  21. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    一种制备如权利要求1所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    1)从担子菌亚门层菌纲银耳属金耳子实体、发酵菌丝体或其发酵液中提取金耳总多糖，即金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖；
    2)将步骤1)所得低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖配成质量分数为0.05-10％的水溶液，接着向所得水溶液中加入终浓度为0.05-0.5M的NaOH溶液，在反应温度为10-40℃下反应0.5-6h，反应结束后用盐酸调节pH为6.5-7.5，透析、超滤或过凝胶柱层析除去小分子杂质，即得到所 述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物。
  22. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)之前还包括：利用过氧化物解聚步骤(1)所得的金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖，得到低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖；所述利用过氧化物解聚为权利要求15～22任意一项所述制备方法中的步骤(2)。
  23. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求21或22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中：使用终浓度为1M的NaOH溶液替换所述终浓度为0.05-0.5M的NaOH溶液。
  24. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    权利要求1～12任一项所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖和/或权利要求13～20任一项所述制备方法制备得到的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖或权利要求21～23任一项所述制备方法得到的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的脱乙酰化衍生物在制备免疫增强剂上的应用，所述免疫增强剂为两者在药学上可接受的盐。
  25. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求24所述的应用，其特征在于，所述药学上可接受的盐是低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖的有机铵盐、碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。
  26. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求25所述的应用，所述碱金属盐包括钠盐或钾盐，所述碱土金属盐包括钙盐。
  27. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    一种免疫增强剂的药物组合物，所述药物组合物中含有有效剂量低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖及其脱乙酰化衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐，及药用赋形剂；所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖为权利要求1～12任一项所述的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖或权利要求13～20任一项所述制备方法制备得到的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖；所述低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖脱乙酰化衍生物为权利要求21～23任一项所述制备方法得到的低分子量金耳葡糖醛酸-木甘聚糖脱乙酰化衍生物。
  28. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求27所述的药物组合物，其特征在于，所述药物组合物还包括抗肿瘤药物。
  29. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求27或28所述的药物组合物，其特征在于，所述药物组合物的给药制剂包括静脉注射给药剂、肌肉内注射给药制剂或皮下注射给药制剂。
  30. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    根据权利要求29所述的药物组合物，其特征在于，所述药物组合物的剂型为注射用冻干粉针剂或注射用水溶液。
  31. [根据细则91更正 29.01.2021]
    权利要求27～30任一项所述药物组合物在***中的应用。
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