WO2021139070A1 - 一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备 - Google Patents

一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备 Download PDF

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WO2021139070A1
WO2021139070A1 PCT/CN2020/092544 CN2020092544W WO2021139070A1 WO 2021139070 A1 WO2021139070 A1 WO 2021139070A1 CN 2020092544 W CN2020092544 W CN 2020092544W WO 2021139070 A1 WO2021139070 A1 WO 2021139070A1
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arc extinguishing
electrical equipment
gas
insulated electrical
hexafluoro
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PCT/CN2020/092544
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐念
李丽
周永言
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广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院
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Publication of WO2021139070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021139070A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02BBOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/035Gas-insulated switchgear
    • H02B13/055Features relating to the gas

Definitions

  • Gas insulating medium is widely used in various electrical equipment and is especially used in the insulation of gas insulated switchgear or its conductive parts. Among them, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) gas is used as a gas insulating medium to extinguish arcs at medium and high voltages. /Insulated electrical equipment is the most widely used.
  • SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) gas has excellent arc extinguishing performance and relatively high insulation strength. Under standard atmospheric pressure, its breakdown voltage is nearly three times that of air. At the same time, the gas presents properties such as chemical inertness, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-explosive and thermodynamically stable. Based on the above advantages, medium-voltage and high-voltage electrical equipment using SF 6 and its mixed gas as insulation and arc extinguishing medium dominate the power grid.
  • SF 6 is a gas with a serious greenhouse effect. Its Global Warming Potential (GWP) is approximately 23900 times that of CO 2 and its survival time in the atmosphere is approximately 3200 years. One of the six greenhouse gases whose emissions are restricted, and it is also the gas with the largest GWP among the six gases.
  • GWP Global Warming Potential
  • the current research mainly focuses on the following three aspects: On the one hand, it is to replace SF 6 with conventional gas, such as air, N 2 and CO 2 (for example, patent WO 2008/073790).
  • conventional gases have stable properties, low liquefaction temperature, and low greenhouse effect, conventional gases have relatively low electronegativity, their ability to adsorb electrons is much smaller than SF 6 , and their insulation strength is less than 40% of SF 6.
  • Conventional gas as an insulating medium can replace SF 6 in some medium and low voltage equipment, but it is generally necessary to increase the gas pressure in the equipment and increase the size of electrical equipment, which will increase the area of electrical equipment to a certain extent, and the economic cost will also be corresponding. Increase, affecting the widespread use of electrical equipment.
  • the last aspect is to find an insulating substitute gas or its mixed gas with strong electronegativity to completely replace the application of SF 6 in gas insulated equipment.
  • these substitute gases mainly include:
  • PFC gases such as cC 4 F 8 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8, etc., but the GWP of these gases is still very high, and at the same time, they are also affected by factors such as temperature and air pressure during use;
  • CF 3 I gas The GWP value of CF 3 I gas is equivalent to that of CO 2 gas, and its life in the atmosphere is only 1 to 2 d, and its insulation strength is better than that of SF 6 gas, which has superior dielectric strength and GWP value.
  • CF 3 I gas is easy to decompose during the application process, and the decomposition products have an impact on arc extinguishing and insulation properties. At the same time, it is expensive.
  • the average occupational exposure level is 3-4ppm. It is classified as a grade 3 carcinogen, reproductive toxic substance and The use of substances that induce mutations in organisms is prohibited on an industrial scale;
  • the present invention provides an arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment.
  • the gas medium of the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment of the present invention is trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro -2-butene or mixed gas containing trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene can replace SF 6 as medium and high voltage arc extinguishing and/or insulating medium, Has good electrical insulation and arc extinguishing performance, low GWP.
  • the gas medium of the arc extinguishing and/or insulating electrical equipment is trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene or containing the trans-1,1,1,4 ,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene mixed gas;
  • the mixed gas also includes one or more of dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and rare gases;
  • the electrical equipment is a medium pressure equipment
  • the pressure of the gas medium is 1.0 bar to 1.8 bar
  • the minimum temperature of the gas medium is -30°C to 0°C;
  • the pressure of the gas medium is 4.0 bar to 8.5 bar, and the minimum temperature of the gas medium is -20°C to 0°C.
  • the trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene molecule contains six fluorine atoms, which are located at the two ends of the molecule and exist symmetrically at the same time, making it excellent Arc extinguishing performance and relatively high insulation strength, trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene has low toxicity (acute inhalation toxicity LC50 (rat): >25400ppm, no acute Inhalation toxicity), non-explosive, ODP (The Ozone Depletion Potential, atmospheric ozone depletion potential) is 0, GWP is 18, with little or no impact on the environment, its liquefaction temperature is 7.5°C, and the saturated vapor pressure is high.
  • Trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is composed of elements, compound structure and gas physical and chemical properties, etc.
  • SF 6 replacement gas it has obvious advantages, with trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene or trans-1,1,1,4,4 , 4-hexafluoro-2-butene mixed gas as medium and high voltage arc extinguishing and/or insulating medium, has good electrical insulation and arc extinguishing performance, can greatly improve the insulation capacity, and replace SF 6 in the arc extinguishing and/or insulating medium.
  • filling in insulated electrical equipment reducing the impact of SF 6 emissions on the environment, can fundamentally solve the problem of SF 6 emissions, and expand the application temperature range of arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment.
  • the GWP value of the mixed gas is lower than the GWP value of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, and dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are added to the mixed gas And/or rare gas, can make the gas medium can still maintain a gaseous state under the influence of pressure and temperature.
  • dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and rare gases are non-toxic, non-explosive, ODP value is 0, GWP value is low, with little or no impact on the environment, and low liquefaction temperature.
  • the electrical equipment when the electrical equipment is a medium-pressure equipment, the pressure of the gas medium is 1.0bar ⁇ 1.8bar, and the minimum temperature of the gas medium is -30°C ⁇ 0°C; the electrical equipment is a high-pressure equipment, and the pressure of the gas medium is 4.0bar ⁇ 8.5bar, the lowest temperature of the gaseous medium is -20°C ⁇ 0°C, the partial pressure of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is less than or equal to the saturation at the lowest temperature Vapor pressure enables trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene to always exist in electrical equipment in gaseous form regardless of the temperature of electrical equipment.
  • the direct current in the medium voltage equipment exceeds 1KV but not more than 75KV
  • the alternating current in the medium voltage equipment exceeds 1KV but not more than 52KV
  • the direct current in the high voltage equipment exceeds 75KV
  • the alternating current in the high voltage equipment strictly exceeds 52KV.
  • dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and/or rare gas are filling gases.
  • trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene or containing trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- When the pressure of the mixed gas of butene is 7.0bar and the temperature is -20 ⁇ 0°C, the partial pressure when trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is gaseous is shown in the table 2 shown.
  • the internal pressure of the gas medium in the arc extinguishing and/or insulating electrical equipment is affected by the electrical equipment, and trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is used in the electrical equipment It is completely or almost completely in the form of gas at the lowest temperature, and the filling gas is added to the electrical equipment to reach a given filling pressure.
  • the medium pressure equipment must be filled to 1.2bar (that is, 120KPa), then 0.17bar trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- Butene is mixed with 1.03bar filling gas.
  • the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment is a medium voltage equipment
  • the mole percentage of the trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in the mixed gas is 20%-50%.
  • the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment is a high-voltage equipment
  • the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment is a high-voltage equipment
  • the mole percentage of the trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in the mixed gas is 6%-12%.
  • the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment is a high-voltage equipment
  • the pressure of the gas medium is 5.0 bar to 7.0 bar.
  • trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene exists in the mixed gas at a partial pressure of 0.17 bar, and does not Liquefaction occurs.
  • trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene exists in the mixed gas at a partial pressure of 0.74bar without liquefaction.
  • the partial pressure of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in the mixed gas ranges from 0.17bar to 0.74bar.
  • the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment is a gas insulated transformer, a gas insulated combined electric appliance, a gas insulated circuit, a bus bar group or a power switch.
  • the metal material in the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment is selected from iron, silver, copper and/or aluminum;
  • the insulating material in the arc extinguishing and/or insulating electrical equipment is selected from epoxy resin, fluoroplastic, perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer and/or EPDM rubber;
  • the sealing material in the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment is selected from nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, EPDM, polyvinyl chloride and/or polyether ether ketone.
  • the present invention provides an arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical device, the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical device is a medium voltage device or a high voltage device; the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical device is gas
  • the medium is trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene or a mixture containing trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene Gas
  • the mixed gas includes one or more of dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and rare gases
  • the electrical equipment is a medium pressure equipment, the pressure of the gas medium is 1.0 bar to 1.8 bar, so The minimum temperature of the gaseous medium is -30°C to 0°C; if the electrical equipment is a high-pressure device, the pressure of the gaseous medium is 4.0bar to 8.5bar, and the minimum temperature of the gaseous medium is -20°C to 0°C .
  • trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene or trans-1,1,1,4,4,4 The mixed gas of 4-hexafluoro-2-butene is used as medium and high voltage arc extinguishing and/or insulating medium. It has good electrical insulation and arc extinguishing performance. It can greatly improve the insulation capacity and replace SF 6 in arc extinguishing and/or Or filling in insulated electrical equipment, reducing the impact of SF 6 emissions on the environment, can fundamentally solve the problem of SF 6 emissions, and expand the temperature range of arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment.
  • the pressure of the gas medium is 1.0bar ⁇ 1.8bar, and the minimum temperature of the gas medium is -30°C ⁇ 0°C; the electrical equipment is high-pressure equipment, and the pressure of the gas medium is 4.0bar ⁇ 8.5bar.
  • the minimum temperature of the medium is -20°C ⁇ 0°C, and the partial pressure of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is less than or equal to the saturated vapor pressure at its lowest temperature.
  • Figure 2 shows the trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas (HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2 ) fixed trans-1 in Example 2 ,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene partial pressure 0.7bar, power frequency breakdown voltage vs. inflation pressure curve;
  • Figure 3 shows the process of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas (HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2 ) and SF 6 in Example 3.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the power frequency breakdown voltage of the mixed gas with the mole percentage of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in the mixed gas in Example 4 of the present invention, Among them, HFO-1336mzz(E)+CO 2 represents trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas, HFO-1336mzz(E)+Air represents reverse Formula -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/dry air mixed gas;
  • Figure 5 shows the power frequency breakdown of insulating gases SF 6 , g 3 /CO 2 , C5-PFK/Air, HFO-1336mzz (E)/CO 2 and HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2 in Example 5 of the present invention
  • SF 6 stands for pure gas SF 6
  • g 3 /CO 2 stands for heptafluoroisobutyronitrile C 4 F 7 N keeps the partial pressure of saturated vapor pressure at -25 °C unchanged
  • C5-PFK/Air represents the mixed gas of perfluoroketone which keeps the saturated vapor pressure at 0°C and increases the dry air.
  • HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2 represents trans-1,1, 1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene keeps the partial pressure of saturated vapor pressure at 0°C unchanged and increases CO 2 mixed gas
  • HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2 represents cis-1,1, 1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene keeps the partial pressure of the saturated vapor pressure at 0°C unchanged and increases the CO 2 mixed gas.
  • the present invention provides an arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment.
  • the gas medium of the arc extinguishing and/or insulated electrical equipment of the present invention is trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butane Ene or mixed gas containing trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, which can replace SF 6 as medium and high voltage arc extinguishing and/or insulating medium, and has good electrical properties Insulation and arc extinguishing performance, low GWP.
  • FIG. 1 shows the trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas (HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2 ) in Example 1
  • Formula -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene partial pressure is 0.6bar, and the inflation pressure is 7bar, the graph of the power frequency breakdown voltage with the electrode distance.
  • Figure 1 shows that with the increase of the electrode distance, the power frequency breakdown voltage of the trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas increases approximately linearly, and the electrode distance When it is 1mm, the power frequency breakdown voltage is 51kV, when the electrode distance rises to 5mm, the power frequency breakdown voltage is 140kV, and the rate of rise is 26.25kV/mm.
  • the results show that under a uniform electric field, the power frequency insulation strength of the trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas increases linearly with the increase of the electrode distance , The ascent rate is fast.
  • the power frequency breakdown voltage is 92.3kV
  • the power frequency breakdown voltage is 124.5kV
  • the rate of rise is 16.1kV/bar.
  • trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas and trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro
  • Figure 4 shows the power frequency breakdown voltage of the mixed gas in Example 4 of the present invention.
  • Trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is a graph showing the change of mole percentage in the mixed gas, where HFO-1336mzz(E)+CO 2 represents trans-1, 1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas, HFO-1336mzz(E)+Air represents trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro- 2-Butene/dry air mixed gas.
  • HFO-1336mzz(E)+CO 2 represents trans-1, 1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas
  • HFO-1336mzz(E)+Air represents trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro- 2-Butene/dry air mixed gas.
  • the power frequency breakdown voltage is 30.72kV; when the mole percentage of trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is trans-1, When the 1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene/CO 2 mixed gas is 50%, the power frequency breakdown voltage is 48.5kV; when other conditions remain unchanged, the trans-1,1,1 For every 1% increase in the mole percentage of 4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, the power frequency breakdown voltage increases by 0.57kV.
  • the power frequency breakdown of the insulating gases SF 6 , g 3 /CO 2 , C5-PFK/Air, HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2 and HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2 was detected in the plate electrode.
  • the electrode distance is 5mm.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Abstract

一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,该灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中,以反式‑1,1,1,4,4,4‑六氟‑2‑丁烯或含反式‑1,1,1,4,4,4‑六氟‑2‑丁烯的混合气体作为中压和高压灭弧和/或绝缘介质,具有良好的电绝缘和灭弧性能,能够提升绝缘能力,取代SF6在灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的填充,减少SF6排放对环境的影响,能够解决SF6的排放问题,并扩展灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备应用的温度范围。

Description

一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备
本申请要求于2020年01月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010028119.5、发明名称为“一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于电气设备技术领域,尤其涉及一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备。
背景技术
气体绝缘介质被广泛应用在各种电气设备中且特别应用于气体的绝缘开关设备或其导电部件的绝缘,其中,六氟化硫(SF 6)气体作为气体绝缘介质在中压和高压灭弧/绝缘电气设备应用最为广泛。
六氟化硫(SF 6)气体具有优良的灭弧性能与相对较高的绝缘强度,在标准大气压下,其击穿电压将近空气的三倍。同时该气体呈现化学惰性、无毒、不可燃、无***性以及热力学稳定等性能。基于以上优势,以SF 6及其混合气体作为绝缘和灭弧介质的中压和高压电气设备在电网中占据主导地位。
但是,SF 6是一种具有严重温室效应的气体,它的全球变暖潜能值(Global Warming Potential,GWP)约为CO 2的23900倍,在大气中的存活时间约为3200年,被列入排放受限制的六种温室气体之一,同时也是六种气体中GWP最大的气体。
因此,寻找环境友好型的SF 6替代气体作为绝缘气体介质用于电气设备中已成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
在寻找绝缘气体介质替代SF 6的研究过程中,需要着重考虑替代气体的相对电气强度(Er,相对于SF 6)、温室效应潜能值与液化温度(Tb),同时也要考虑其臭氧消耗潜能值(ODP)、生态毒性、稳定性、热传导能力、灭弧性能、放电分解产物的性质等。
目前的研究主要集中在以下三个方面:一方面是利用常规气体替代SF 6,如空气、N 2和CO 2等(例如专利WO 2008/073790)。通过研究发现虽然常规气体性质稳定,液化温度低,且具有较低的温室效应,但是常规气体的电负性较小,对电子的吸附能力远小于SF 6,绝缘强度小于SF 6的40%。常规气体作为绝缘介质可以在部分中低压设备中替代SF 6,但一般需要增加设备中气体气 压以及增大电气设备的尺寸,一定程度上造成电气设备占地面积的增加,经济成本也会相应的增加,影响电气设备大范围的推广使用。
其次通过在SF 6中添加其它气体,在保证绝缘性能的前提下降低SF 6气体的使用量和排放量,以减少它对环境的影响,如SF 6/N 2、SF 6/CO 2与SF 6/CF 4等混合气体(例如专利WO 2009/049144)。但是这种方法并不能完全杜绝SF 6气体的使用,无法从根本上解决温室效应问题。SF 6与其他气体混合后会降低其液化温度,可以一定程度上实现SF 6混合气体在高寒地区的应用,在工程方面具有一定的意义。由于在SF 6中添加其它气体,致使混合气体的灭弧和绝缘性能都有所降低,限制了其适用范围。
最后一方面则是寻找电负性强的绝缘替代气体或其混合气体,以完全替代SF 6在气体绝缘设备中的应用,目前这些替代气体主要有:
1)PFC气体,如c-C 4F 8、C 2F 6、C 3F 8等,但这些气体的GWP仍然很高,同时在使用过程中还受到温度、气压等因素的影响;
2)CF 3I气体,CF 3I气体的GWP值与CO 2气体相当,在大气中的寿命只有1~2d,且其绝缘强度优于SF 6气体,具有优势的介电强度和GWP值。但是,CF 3I气体在应用的过程中容易分解,分解产物对灭弧和绝缘性能有影响,同时价格昂贵,平均职业接触水平在3-4ppm,被列入3级致癌物、生殖毒性物质以及诱导有机体突变物质中,在工业规模上禁止使用;
3)g 3气体(七氟异丁腈气体C 4F 7N与CO 2的混合气体)和PFK气体(全氟酮气体C 5F 10O),已经开发出相应的中高压电气设备并开展了示范应用中,但七氟异丁腈有一定的致癌风险且本身温室效应GWP指数仍然较高,全氟戊酮液化温度很高,应用环境受限,绝缘性能难以满足高电压等级设备的需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,本发明灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备的气体介质为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体,能够替代SF 6作为中压和高压灭弧和/或绝缘介质,具有良好的电绝缘和灭弧性能,GWP低。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备或高压设备;
所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备的气体介质为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体;
所述混合气体还包括干燥空气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳和稀有气体中的一种或多种;
若所述电气设备为中压设备,所述气体介质的压强为1.0bar~1.8bar,所述气体介质的最低温度为-30℃~0℃;
若所述电气设备为高压设备,所述气体介质的压强为4.0bar~8.5bar,所述气体介质的最低温度为-20℃~0℃。
本发明中,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯分子中含有六个氟原子,分别在分子的两端,同时对称存在,使其具有优良的灭弧性能与相对较高的绝缘强度,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯毒性低(急性吸入毒性LC50(大鼠):>25400ppm,无急性吸入毒性)、不具有***性、ODP(The Ozone Depletion Potential,大气臭氧损耗潜能值)为0、GWP为18,对环境影响很小或没有影响,其液化温度为7.5℃,饱和蒸气压较高,同时具有优良的灭弧性能与相对较高的绝缘强度,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯从元素构成、化合物的结构和气体的理化性质等方面,作为SF 6替代气体都具有明显的优势,以反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体作为中压和高压灭弧和/或绝缘介质,具有良好的电绝缘和灭弧性能,能够极大地提升绝缘能力,取代SF 6在灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的填充,减少SF 6排放对环境的影响,能够从根本上解决SF 6的排放问题,并扩展灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备应用的温度范围。
本发明中,混合气体的GWP值低于反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的GWP值,在混合气体中加入干燥空气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳和/或稀有气体,能够使得气体介质在受到压力和温度的影响依然能够保持气态状态。并且,干燥空气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳和稀有气体无毒、不具***性、ODP值为0、GWP值低,对环境影响很小或者没有影响,液化温度低。
本发明中,电气设备为中压设备时,气体介质的压强为1.0bar~1.8bar,气体介质的最低温度为-30℃~0℃;电气设备为高压设备,气体介质的压强为 4.0bar~8.5bar,气体介质的最低温度为-20℃~0℃,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的分压小于或等于其最低温度下的饱和蒸汽压,能够使得电气设备无论在何种温度下,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯一直会以气态形式存在于电气设备中。
本发明中,中压设备中的直流电超过1KV但不超过75KV,中压设备中的交流电超过1KV但不超过52KV;高压设备中的直流电超过75KV,高压设备中的交流电严格超过52KV。
优选的,所述混合气体为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯和干燥空气。
采用干燥空气与反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯形成混合气体具有如下优点:
1)干燥空气与反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯具有很好的协同效应,绝缘能力更强;
2)在放电或过热等不利情况下,采用干燥空气能对反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯分解出碳粉的过程产生抑制作用,从而保障设备的绝缘能力和使用的安全性;
3)对于中压设备,使用干燥空气就无需对设备抽真空或冲洗置换气体,使用更加方便友好。
本发明中,干燥空气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳和/或稀有气体为填充气体。
在中压设备中,以反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体压强为1.2bar时,温度为-30~0℃时,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯为气态时的分压如表1所示。
表1中压设备中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯饱和蒸汽压
Figure PCTCN2020092544-appb-000001
在高压设备中,以反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟 -2-丁烯的混合气体压强为7.0bar时,温度为-20~0℃时,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯为气态时的分压如表2所示。
表2高压设备中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯饱和蒸汽压
Figure PCTCN2020092544-appb-000002
本发明中,灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的气体介质的内部压力受电气设备的影响,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在电气设备中最低温度下完全或者几乎完全呈现气体形式,填充气体被添加在电气设备中来达到给定的填充压力。例如,在-30℃条件下,中压设备必须填充至1.2bar(即120KPa),则在常温下需要将0.17bar反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯和1.03bar的填充气体混合。
由于反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯比填充气体具有更优良的灭弧性能与相对较高的绝缘强度,通过反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯来优化填充。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备;
所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为5%~60%。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备;
所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为20%~50%。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备;
所述气体介质的压强为1.2bar~1.3bar。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为高压设备;
所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为4%~18%。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为高压设备;
所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为 6%~12%。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为高压设备;
所述气体介质的压强为5.0bar~7.0bar。
本发明中,在最低应用温度为-30℃时,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯以0.17bar的分压存在于混合气体中,而不出现液化。在最低应用温度为0℃时,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯以0.74bar的分压存在于混合气体中,而不出现液化。在中高压设备中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在混合气体中的分压范围为0.17bar-0.74bar之间。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为气体绝缘变压器、气体绝缘组合电器、气体绝缘线路、母线组或电力开关。
本发明中,气体绝缘变压器可为测量变压器或电源变压器;气体绝缘组合电器、气体绝缘线路、母线组或电力开关可用于配电或电力输送,可为断路器、开关、开关与保险丝间的熔断器组、接地开关、分离器和触点。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备包括母线、仪表室、柜体、气体密度传感器、三位置隔离开关、三位置隔离开关操动机构、控制和保护单元、断路器、断路器操动机构、电压互感器、ZnO避雷器、电流互感器、电缆终端、泄压通道、上充气壳体和下充气壳体,上述电气部件相互连接形成灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备;
所述气体介质密封于所述上充气壳体和所述下充气壳体中。
优选的,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的金属材料选自铁、银、铜和/或铝;
所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的绝缘材料选自环氧树脂、氟塑料、全氟乙烯丙烯共聚物和/或三元乙丙橡胶;
所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的密封材料选自丁腈橡胶、氟橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚氯乙烯和/或聚醚醚酮。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备或高压设备;所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备的气体介质为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体;所述混合气体包括干燥空气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳和稀有气体中的一种或多 种;若所述电气设备为中压设备,所述气体介质的压强为1.0bar~1.8bar,所述气体介质的最低温度为-30℃~0℃;若所述电气设备为高压设备,所述气体介质的压强为4.0bar~8.5bar,所述气体介质的最低温度为-20℃~0℃。
本发明灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中,以反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体作为中压和高压灭弧和/或绝缘介质,具有良好的电绝缘和灭弧性能,能够极大地提升绝缘能力,取代SF 6在灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的填充,减少SF 6排放对环境的影响,能够从根本上解决SF 6的排放问题,并扩展灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备应用的温度范围。电气设备为中压设备时,气体介质的压强为1.0bar~1.8bar,气体介质的最低温度为-30℃~0℃;电气设备为高压设备,气体介质的压强为4.0bar~8.5bar,气体介质的最低温度为-20℃~0℃,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的分压小于或等于其最低温度下的饱和蒸汽压,能够使得电气设备无论在何种温度下,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯一直会以气态形式存在于电气设备中。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为实施例1中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体(HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2)在反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯分压为0.6bar,充气压力7bar时,工频击穿电压随电极距离变化的曲线图;
图2为实施例2中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体(HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2)固定反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯分压0.7bar,工频击穿电压随充气压力变化的曲线图;
图3为实施例3中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体(HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2)和SF 6的工频击穿电压试验结果图;
图4为本发明实施例4中混合气体工频击穿电压随反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在混合气体中摩尔百分数变化的曲线图,其中,HFO-1336mzz(E)+CO 2代表反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体,HFO-1336mzz(E)+Air代表反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/干燥空气混合气体;
图5为本发明实施例5中绝缘气体SF 6、g 3/CO 2、C5-PFK/Air、HFO-1336mzz (E)/CO 2和HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2的工频击穿电压随充气压力变化的曲线图,其中,SF 6代表纯气体SF 6,g 3/CO 2代表七氟异丁腈C 4F 7N保持在-25℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加CO 2的混合气体,C5-PFK/Air代表全氟酮保持在0℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加干燥空气的混合气体,HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2代表反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯保持0℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加CO 2的混合气体;HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2代表顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯保持0℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加CO 2的混合气体。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,本发明灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备的气体介质为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体,能够替代SF 6作为中压和高压灭弧和/或绝缘介质,具有良好的电绝缘和灭弧性能,GWP低。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例检测了反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在不同电极距离组配的工频绝缘特性。请参阅图1,为实施例1中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体(HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2)在反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯分压为0.6bar,充气压力7bar时,工频击穿电压随电极距离变化的曲线图。图1表明,随着电极距离的增加,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体的工频击穿电压近似线性上升,电极距离为1mm时,工频击穿电压为51kV,当电极距离上升到5mm时,工频击穿电压为140kV,上升率26.25kV/mm。结果表明,在均匀电场下,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体工频绝缘强度随着电极距离的升高而线性升高,上升速率快。
实施例2
本实施例检测了反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在不同气压组配的工频绝缘特性。请参阅图2,为实施例2中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体 (HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2)固定反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯分压0.7bar,工频击穿电压随充气压力变化的曲线图。图2表明,随着充气压力的升高,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体的工频击穿电压近似线性上升,在3bar时,工频击穿电压为92.3kV,当气压上升到5bar时,工频击穿电压为124.5kV,上升率16.1kV/bar。结果表明,在均匀电场下,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体工频绝缘强度随着充气压力的升高而线性升高,上升速率快。
实施例3
本实施例进行反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体和SF 6的工频击穿电压试验,结果请参阅图3,为实施例3中反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体(HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2)和SF 6的工频击穿电压试验结果图,结果表明,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯分压为0.6bar,充气压力为1.2bar时的工频击穿电压为52.7kV,与SF 6在该充气压力条件下的工频击穿电压相当,表明反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯具有很好的绝缘性能。
实施例4
本实施例检测了反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体与反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/干燥空气混合气体在平板电极下的工频绝缘特性,电极距离5.0mm,气压1.2bar,结果请参阅图4,为本发明实施例4中混合气体工频击穿电压随反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在混合气体中摩尔百分数变化的曲线图,其中,HFO-1336mzz(E)+CO 2代表反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体,HFO-1336mzz(E)+Air代表反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/干燥空气混合气体。结果表明,混合气体的工频击穿电压随反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯摩尔百分数增大而线性增大。当反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的摩尔百分数为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体的18.89%时,工频击穿电压为30.72kV;当反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的摩尔百分数为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体的50%时,工频击穿电压为48.5kV;其他条件不变时,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的摩尔百分数每增加1%,工频击穿电压增加0.57kV。当反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的摩尔百分数为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/干燥空气混合气体的18.89%时,工频击穿电压为38.7kV;当反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的摩尔百分数为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/空气混合气体的50% 时,工频击穿电压为59.6kV;其他条件不变时,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的摩尔百分数每增加1%,工频击穿电压增加0.67kV。结果表明,反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/干燥空气混合气体的绝缘性能要优于反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯/CO 2混合气体。
实施例5
本实施例在平板电极中检测了绝缘气体SF 6、g 3/CO 2、C5-PFK/Air、HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2和HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2的工频击穿电压随充气压力变化的情况,电极距离为5mm。结果请参阅图5,为本发明实施例5中绝缘气体SF 6、g 3/CO 2、C5-PFK/Air、HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2和HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2的工频击穿电压随充气压力变化的曲线图,其中,SF 6代表纯气体SF 6,g 3/CO 2代表七氟异丁腈C 4F 7N保持在-25℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加CO 2的混合气体,C5-PFK/Air代表全氟酮保持在0℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加干燥空气的混合气体,HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2代表反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯保持0℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加CO 2的混合气体;HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2代表顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯保持0℃饱和蒸气压的分压不变增加CO 2的混合气体。结果表明,HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO 2与g 3/CO 2在相同充气压力条件下的工频击穿电压接近,远优于C5-PFK/Air和HFO-1336mzz(Z)/CO 2
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备或高压设备;
    所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备的气体介质为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯或含所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的混合气体;
    所述混合气体还包括干燥空气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳和稀有气体中的一种或多种;
    若所述电气设备为中压设备,所述气体介质的压强为1.0bar~1.8bar,所述气体介质的最低温度为-30℃~0℃;
    若所述电气设备为高压设备,所述气体介质的压强为4.0bar~8.5bar,所述气体介质的最低温度为-20℃~0℃。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述混合气体为反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯和干燥空气。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备;
    所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为5%~60%。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备;
    所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为20%~50%。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为中压设备;
    所述气体介质的压强为1.2bar~1.3bar。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为高压设备;
    所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为4%~18%。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为高压设备;
    所述反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯在所述混合气体中的摩尔百分数为6%~12%。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为高压设备;
    所述气体介质的压强为5.0bar~7.0bar。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备为气体绝缘变压器、气体绝缘组合电器、气体绝缘线路、母线组或电力开关。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备包括母线、仪表室、柜体、气体密度传感器、三位置隔离开关、三位置隔离开关操动机构、控制和保护单元、断路器、断路器操动机构、电压互感器、ZnO避雷器、电流互感器、电缆终端、泄压通道、上充气壳体和下充气壳体;
    所述气体介质密封于所述上充气壳体和所述下充气壳体中。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备,其特征在于,所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的金属材料选自铁、银、铜和/或铝;
    所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的绝缘材料选自环氧树脂、氟塑料、全氟乙烯丙烯共聚物和/或三元乙丙橡胶;
    所述灭弧和/或绝缘电气设备中的密封材料选自丁腈橡胶、氟橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚氯乙烯和/或聚醚醚酮。
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