WO2021134119A1 - System and process for extracting hydrogen from salt water and generation of electricity, pure water and hydrogen gas - Google Patents

System and process for extracting hydrogen from salt water and generation of electricity, pure water and hydrogen gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134119A1
WO2021134119A1 PCT/BR2019/050577 BR2019050577W WO2021134119A1 WO 2021134119 A1 WO2021134119 A1 WO 2021134119A1 BR 2019050577 W BR2019050577 W BR 2019050577W WO 2021134119 A1 WO2021134119 A1 WO 2021134119A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
tank
combustion engine
electrolysis
alternators
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PCT/BR2019/050577
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Haroldo DE MELO GARCIA JUNIOR
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De Melo Garcia Junior Haroldo
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Priority to PCT/BR2019/050577 priority Critical patent/WO2021134119A1/en
Publication of WO2021134119A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134119A1/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K53/00Alleged dynamo-electric perpetua mobilia
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present application refers to a system and a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water, in general, capable of generating pure water, electricity and hydrogen in a cyclical energy feedback process, which enables its economic viability and environmental.
  • the desalination process is dedicated only to obtaining potable water, which is not commercially attractive, leaving the state of technique the production of products with greater added value such as hydrogen and electricity before obtaining the water itself.
  • At least one tank for storing saline water the tank comprising electrodes to act as an electrolysis tank;
  • At least one gas reservoir for storing hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of saline water
  • At least one combustion engine that will use hydrogen as fuel the combustion engine being powered by hydrogen coming from the gas tank and having a long axis where a plurality of alternators connected to that same rotation axis are installed,
  • the plurality of alternators when moved by the long axis of the combustion engine, supplies a plurality of transformers alternating current to direct and power transformers if necessary, which feed back electrical energy to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank.
  • the set of alternators of the system and process object of this certificate of addition invention being comprised of a plurality of permanent magnets lined up straight so that the equal poles are facing each other and spaced from each other by a minimum distance of 5 cm and the plurality of magnets being connected together by means of wires/cables of conductive material and with their wire ends being connected to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank.
  • the system comprises a turbine that uses water vapor generated by burning hydrogen in the combustion engine to generate electricity.
  • the combustion engine is disposed in a dip tank, the dip tank enclosing a first fluid with a first specific heat, the first fluid exchanging heat with a second fluid with a second specific heat, of in order to generate a volume expansion and vapor escape; and the system also includes a turbine that receives this escaped steam and uses it to generate electricity.
  • the system can further comprise at least one mixer and at least one combustion chamber, which are used for recycling and disposal of by-products from the process.
  • the electrolysis tank may include an inclined bottom, which facilitates the handling and removal of precipitates from the process, in cases where they occur due to the presence of impurities in the water used.
  • This application also contemplates a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water and generating pure water, electricity and hydrogen gas, which comprises:
  • At least one tank for storing saline water the tank comprising electrodes to act as an electrolysis tank;
  • [0027] provide a plurality of alternators on the long axis of the combustion engine
  • [0030] use power and current transformers to transform electrical energy into its proper form to supply the electrodes of the electrolysis tank with electrical energy.
  • the process of the present application may further comprise the step of using the water vapor generated by the burning of hydrogen in the combustion engine to power an electric power generation turbine.
  • the process further comprises the steps of reacting the hydrochloric acid with a metal generating hydrogen gas and the metal chloride, directing the chloride from the metal to a mixer which mixes the metal chloride with sodium hydroxide to form metal hydroxide precipitate, and directs the precipitate to a combustion chamber to burn the metal hydroxide with hydrogen to generate water and recycled metal.
  • Figure 1 - is a schematic representation of the system according to the preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • the system of the present application comprises at least one reservoir or tank 1 for storing saline water.
  • saline water is sea water added with sodium sulfate.
  • the saline water is fresh water added with only dissolved sodium sulfate.
  • the tank acts as an electrolysis tank.
  • the tank also comprises electrodes to carry out the electrolysis of the saline water stored there.
  • the electrodes can be of any suitable type, for example, electrodes of graphite, platinum, steel or alloys of such materials.
  • the tank can also include a selective membrane for separating the elements present in the positive and negative electrodes.
  • reservoir 2 the gases are compressed until the compression necessary to feed a combustion engine 3. That is, compressed hydrogen feeds the combustion engine.
  • the combustion engine must have adequate power to move the plurality of alternators...
  • the system comprises a plurality of combustion engines, which are located close to the reservoir.
  • the gases are piped to the flare site.
  • combustion engines will always use hydrogen as their fuel 3.
  • the hydrogen generated by the process of electrolysis of saline water is fed to the engines.
  • a plurality of alternators 4 is connected to a long shaft installed in the combustion engine, which transmits through the same axis rotation movement to all alternators, by means of synchronized belts or long shaft composed of gears and worm thread, by example. As the volume of hydrogen to be produced increases, more systems like these are needed.
  • the configuration of said set of alternators is arranged in the form of straight wire alternators without the need for associated coils.
  • a plurality of NeFeB permanent magnets Neodymium magnets
  • the plurality of changers is connected by wires associated with each of the alternators and having its two ends of wires connected to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank, and the wires must be conductors for the passage of electrical current generated by the plurality of alternators.
  • the amount of magnets used is dependent on the voltage that you want to obtain, that is, more magnets will be used the greater the required voltage and, therefore, the length of the row of the plurality of alternators.
  • Said permanent magnets are supported on a shaft, which can also be called a skeleton or central support, which must be of non-magnetic material, for example, aluminium.
  • NeFeB permanent magnets Neodymium magnets
  • enameled wires cables 0.2mm in diameter
  • each end of each wire (cable) a current transformer and a pair of electrodes in a cell for electrolysis
  • the queuing of the plurality of alternators can be done in single row (straight line), but it can also be done in double row (round trip).
  • Alternators 4 as for the movement of the combustion engine shaft, generate alternating electrical energy that has its power transformed when and if necessary, and will necessarily cease to be alternating current and will become direct current using a current transformer ( AC-DC) suitable to be fed back to the saline water tank electrodes.
  • AC-DC current transformer
  • the alternators supply a plurality of transformers (power and/or current) 5 that will supply the electrodes with direct current electrical energy at the required voltage.
  • the electrical energy fed back to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank has a voltage between 2V and 3V (DC).
  • the multiplicity of alternators 4 connected on the same long axis (or a timing belt) of the combustion engine 3 generates a set capable of supplying the hydrogen extraction system with enough energy for the process to become cyclic, allowing, including that the system produces an excess amount of hydrogen that can be used for purposes other than feedback.
  • combustion products will be water vapor. This water vapor can be used to move a turbine 6 to generate electricity. After passing through turbine 6, the cooled water vapor will become liquid water.
  • the combustion engines are immersed in immersion tanks, so that the heat generated by the engines is harnessed.
  • the immersion tanks comprise a casing where the motor is disposed, the casing enclosing a first fluid with a first specific heat (for example, water). This first fluid will exchange heat with a second fluid with a second specific heat, generating a volume expansion and steam escape (steam generator 7 in figure 1). This steam can be used to move turbines 8 for generating electricity.
  • a first specific heat for example, water
  • both the steam from burning hydrogen in the engine can be harnessed by turbine electric power generation, and the steam generated by heat exchange with the immersion tank fluid can be harnessed by power generation electric turbine.
  • An important feature of the system according to this application is the destination of by-products when the process is carried out with saline water containing chlorine.
  • the chlorine released on the positive electrode and collected through the hood can be burned with hydrogen and generate hydrochloric acid.
  • the sodium hydroxide in the tank can be combined with hydrochloric acid, resulting in a neutralization reaction where the final product is water and the same salt that came from the sea.
  • a third by-product, sodium hypochlorite, can be burned with hydrogen and will also give rise to water and the same salt that came from the sea.
  • the oxygen gas formed in one of the electrodes can be sold commercially or burnt with hydrogen obtaining a higher temperature burn if it is more commercially favorable.
  • the hydrochloric acid will react with the metal generating hydrogen gas and the metal chloride.
  • the metal chloride can be directed to a mixer 9 which mixes with sodium hydroxide forming a metal hydroxide precipitate for further routing to a combustion chamber 10 where it will be burned with hydrogen and will result in water and recycled metal.
  • the excess hydrogen that is not consumed in the combustion engines used to generate electrical energy for the feedback of the tanks can be sold as an isolated product or burned in thermoelectric plants to generate electrical energy outside the cycle, which can also be sold.
  • the electrolysis tank 1 is built with an inclined bottom so that all the precipitate is directed to a location in the tank, enabling the efficient removal of the precipitate from the bottom. This feature makes the tank can be installed in the ocean without any environmental impact.
  • a motorized device can be used to collect the precipitate from the tank, facilitating the process.
  • combustion engines can be mounted in more distant and high locations as hydrogen gas can be easily transported (such as, for example, in non-coastal cities), so that the water generated in combustion can generate electrical energy in the fall by gravity as in a SHP (small hydroelectric plant) and then the water can be sent to the consumption points.
  • SHP small hydroelectric plant

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The present application relates to a system and a process for extracting hydrogen from salt water that is capable of generating pure water, electricity and hydrogen gas in a cyclical feedback process enabling its economic viability and with no environmental impact.

Description

SISTEMA E PROCESSO PARA EXTRAÇÃO DE HIDROGÉNIO DE ÁGUA SALINA E GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA, ÁGUA PURA E GÁS SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF HYDROGEN FROM SALINE WATER AND GENERATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY, PURE WATER AND GAS
HIDROGÉNIOHYDROGEN
CAMPO DA INVENÇÃO FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] O presente pedido refere-se a um sistema e a um processo de extração do hidrogénio de águas salinas, em geral, capaz de gerar água pura, energia elétrica e hidrogénio em um processo cíclico de realimentação energética o que possibilita sua viabilidade económica e ambiental. [001] The present application refers to a system and a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water, in general, capable of generating pure water, electricity and hydrogen in a cyclical energy feedback process, which enables its economic viability and environmental.
FUNDAMENTOS DA INVENÇÃO FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION
[002] São conhecidos do estado da técnica alguns processos para obtenção de água potável a partir da água do mar, como a destilação, o congelamento e a osmose reversa. [002] Some processes for obtaining potable water from sea water are known from the state of the art, such as distillation, freezing and reverse osmosis.
[003] São também conhecidos do estado da técnica meios através da eletrólise para extração de hidrogénio da água salina em pequena escala. [003] Means through electrolysis for extracting hydrogen from saline water on a small scale are also known from the state of the art.
[004] Um dos maiores inconvenientes relacionados aos processos de extração do hidrogénio e obtenção de água potável de água do mar é o consumo energético. Tanto o processo de extração do hidrogénio quanto a potabilização da água do mar consomem grande quantidade de energia, seja ele para realizar a eletrólise propriamente dita ou na separação do sal da água, sendo que a estrutura necessária para o bombeamento e transporte da água do mar também consome uma grande quantidade de energia. [004] One of the biggest inconveniences related to hydrogen extraction processes and obtaining drinking water from seawater is energy consumption. Both the hydrogen extraction process and the potabilization of sea water consume a large amount of energy, whether to carry out the electrolysis itself or to separate the salt from the water, being the structure necessary for the pumping and transport of seawater it also consumes a lot of energy.
[005] A utilização de energia fóssil para esse tipo de processo é, naturalmente, insustentável sob o ponto de vista ambiental. Além disso, os resíduos gerados pelo processo - incluindo aditivos químicos e os próprios subprodutos naturais da dessalinização - causam impactos ambientais de difícil equalização. [005] The use of fossil energy for this type of process is, of course, unsustainable from an environmental point of view. In addition, the residues generated by the process - including chemical additives and the natural by-products of desalination - cause environmental impacts that are difficult to equalize.
[006] Assim permanece no estado da técnica a necessidade de um processo de eletrólise e dessalinização que seja autossustentável e minimize seu impacto ambiental. [006] Thus, the need for an electrolysis and desalination process that is self-sustainable and minimizes its environmental impact remains in the state of the art.
[007] Além disso, o processo de dessalinização é dedicado apenas a obter água potável o que não é atrativo comercialmente, restando ainda ao estado da técnica a produção de produtos com maior valor agregado como hidrogénio e energia elétrica antes de obter a água propriamente dita. [007] In addition, the desalination process is dedicated only to obtaining potable water, which is not commercially attractive, leaving the state of technique the production of products with greater added value such as hydrogen and electricity before obtaining the water itself.
OBJETIVOS DA INVENÇÃO OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
[008] É um objetivo do presente pedido proporcionar um processo de extração de hidrogénio de água salina que seja autossustentável do ponto de vista energético através do processo de realimentação dos eletrodos e através da instalação de vários alternadores ligados a um mesmo eixo de rotação que serão capazes de fornecer energia suficiente para que este processo seja autossustentável. [008] It is an objective of the present application to provide a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water that is self-sustainable from an energy point of view through the electrode feedback process and through the installation of several alternators connected to the same rotation axis that will be capable of providing enough energy for this process to be self-sustainable.
[009] É outro objetivo do presente pedido prover um processo de extração de hidrogénio de água salina compreendendo uma configuração de alternadores que gerem maior eficiência ao processo. [009] It is another objective of the present application to provide a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water comprising a configuration of alternators that generate greater efficiency to the process.
[0010] É outro dos objetivos do presente pedido proporcionar um processo de extração de hidrogénio de águas salinas, em geral, incluindo, portanto, a água do mar, que seja capaz de gerar água pura, energia elétrica e gás hidrogénio. [0010] It is another of the objectives of the present application to provide a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water in general, therefore including sea water, which is capable of generating pure water, electricity and hydrogen gas.
[0011] É outro dos objetivos do presente pedido proporcionar um processo de extração de hidrogénio de água salina que minimize seu impacto ambiental. BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DA INVENÇÃO [0011] It is another objective of the present application to provide a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water that minimizes its environmental impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012] O presente pedido atinge esses e outros objetivos por meio de um sistema para extração de hidrogénio de água salina e geração de água pura, energia elétrica e gás hidrogénio, que compreende: [0012] This application achieves these and other objectives through a system for extracting hydrogen from saline water and generating pure water, electricity and hydrogen gas, which comprises:
[0013] pelo menos um tanque para armazenagem da água salina, o tanque compreendendo eletrodos de modo a atuar como um tanque de eletrólise; [0013] at least one tank for storing saline water, the tank comprising electrodes to act as an electrolysis tank;
[0014] pelo menos um reservatório de gases para armazenar hidrogénio gerado pela eletrólise da água salina; [0014] at least one gas reservoir for storing hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of saline water;
[0015] pelo menos um motor a combustão que utilizará hidrogénio como combustível, o motor a combustão sendo alimentado por hidrogénio oriundo do reservatório de gases e possuindo um eixo longo onde é instalada uma pluralidade de alternadores ligados a esse mesmo eixo de rotação, [0015] at least one combustion engine that will use hydrogen as fuel, the combustion engine being powered by hydrogen coming from the gas tank and having a long axis where a plurality of alternators connected to that same rotation axis are installed,
[0016] em que a pluralidade de alternadores, quando movimentada pelo eixo longo do motor de combustão, abastece uma pluralidade de transformadores de corrente alternada para contínua e transformadores de potência se necessário, que realimentam energia elétrica para os eletrodos do tanque de eletrólise. [0016] in which the plurality of alternators, when moved by the long axis of the combustion engine, supplies a plurality of transformers alternating current to direct and power transformers if necessary, which feed back electrical energy to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank.
[0017] O conjunto de alternadores do sistema e do processo objeto do presente certificado de adição invenção sendo compreendido por uma pluralidade de imãs permanentes enfileirados retilineamente de modo que os polos iguais fiquem voltados uns para os outros e espaçados entre si de uma distância mínima de 5 cm e sendo a pluralidade de imãs ligadas entre si por meio de fios/cabos de material condutor e com suas extremidades de fio sendo ligadas aos eletrodos do tanque de eletrólise. [0017] The set of alternators of the system and process object of this certificate of addition invention being comprised of a plurality of permanent magnets lined up straight so that the equal poles are facing each other and spaced from each other by a minimum distance of 5 cm and the plurality of magnets being connected together by means of wires/cables of conductive material and with their wire ends being connected to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank.
[0018] Na concretização preferida do sistema do presente pedido, o sistema compreende uma turbina que utiliza vapor d’água gerado pela queima de hidrogénio no motor de combustão para geração de energia elétrica. [0018] In the preferred embodiment of the system of the present application, the system comprises a turbine that uses water vapor generated by burning hydrogen in the combustion engine to generate electricity.
[0019] Também na concretização preferida, o motor a combustão é disposto em um tanque de imersão, o tanque de imersão encerrando um primeiro fluido com um primeiro calor específico, o primeiro fluido trocando calor com um segundo fluido com um segundo calor específico, de modo a gerar uma expansão de volume e escape de vapor; sendo que o sistema inclui ainda uma turbina que recebe esse vapor escapado e o utiliza para geração de energia elétrica. [0019] Also in the preferred embodiment, the combustion engine is disposed in a dip tank, the dip tank enclosing a first fluid with a first specific heat, the first fluid exchanging heat with a second fluid with a second specific heat, of in order to generate a volume expansion and vapor escape; and the system also includes a turbine that receives this escaped steam and uses it to generate electricity.
[0020] O sistema pode compreender ainda pelo menos um misturador e pelo menos uma câmara de combustão, os quais são utilizados para a reciclagem e descarte dos subprodutos do processo. [0020] The system can further comprise at least one mixer and at least one combustion chamber, which are used for recycling and disposal of by-products from the process.
[0021] O tanque de eletrólise pode incluir um fundo inclinado, o qual facilita o manejo e retirada dos precipitados do processo, nos casos onde ocorram devido à presença de impurezas na água utilizada. [0021] The electrolysis tank may include an inclined bottom, which facilitates the handling and removal of precipitates from the process, in cases where they occur due to the presence of impurities in the water used.
[0022] O presente pedido também contempla um processo para extração de hidrogénio de água salina e geração de água pura, energia elétrica e gás hidrogénio, que compreende: [0022] This application also contemplates a process for extracting hydrogen from saline water and generating pure water, electricity and hydrogen gas, which comprises:
[0023] proporcionar pelo menos um tanque para armazenamento da água salina, o tanque compreendendo eletrodos de modo a atuar como um tanque de eletrólise; [0023] to provide at least one tank for storing saline water, the tank comprising electrodes to act as an electrolysis tank;
[0024] realizar a eletrólise da água salina, gerando hidrogénio; [0025] armazenar pelo menos parte do hidrogénio gerado pela eletrólise da água salina em um reservatório de gases; [0024] perform the electrolysis of saline water, generating hydrogen; [0025] store at least part of the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of saline water in a gas reservoir;
[0026] utilizar pelo menos parte do hidrogénio armazenado para retroalimentar um motor a combustão tendo um eixo longo que seja suficiente para acoplar vários alternadores nele; [0026] use at least part of the stored hydrogen to feed back a combustion engine having a long shaft that is sufficient to couple several alternators therein;
[0027] proporcionar uma pluralidade de alternadores sobre o eixo longo do motor a combustão; [0027] provide a plurality of alternators on the long axis of the combustion engine;
[0028] girar o eixo do motor a combustão fazendo com que os alternadores da pluralidade de alternadores gerem energia elétrica para realimentação; [0028] turning the shaft of the combustion engine causing the alternators of the plurality of alternators to generate electrical energy for feedback;
[0029] utilizar a energia elétrica gerada pelos alternadores para abastecer uma pluralidade de transformadores de potência; [0029] use the electrical energy generated by the alternators to supply a plurality of power transformers;
[0030] utilizar os transformadores de potência e corrente para transformar a energia elétrica na sua forma adequada para abastecer com energia elétrica os eletrodos do tanque de eletrólise. [0030] use power and current transformers to transform electrical energy into its proper form to supply the electrodes of the electrolysis tank with electrical energy.
[0031] O processo do presente pedido pode compreender ainda a etapa de utilizar o vapor d’água gerado pela queima de hidrogénio no motor de combustão para alimentar uma turbina de geração de energia elétrica. [0031] The process of the present application may further comprise the step of using the water vapor generated by the burning of hydrogen in the combustion engine to power an electric power generation turbine.
[0032] Além disso, quando este processo é realizado com água salina com a presença de cloro, o processo compreende, ainda, ainda a etapas de reagir o ácido clorídrico com um metal gerando gás hidrogénio e o cloreto do metal, direcionar o cloreto do metal a um misturador que mistura o cloreto do metal com hidróxido de sódio para formar precipitado de hidróxido do metal, e direcionar o precipitado a uma câmara de combustão para queimar o hidróxido do metal com hidrogénio para gerar água e metal reciclado. [0032] In addition, when this process is carried out with saline water with the presence of chlorine, the process further comprises the steps of reacting the hydrochloric acid with a metal generating hydrogen gas and the metal chloride, directing the chloride from the metal to a mixer which mixes the metal chloride with sodium hydroxide to form metal hydroxide precipitate, and directs the precipitate to a combustion chamber to burn the metal hydroxide with hydrogen to generate water and recycled metal.
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DOS DESENHOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] O presente pedido será descrito a seguir com mais detalhes, com referências aos desenhos anexos, nos quais: [0033] The present application will be described in more detail below, with references to the attached drawings, in which:
[0034] Figura 1 - é uma representação esquemática do sistema de acordo com a concretização preferida do presente pedido. [0034] Figure 1 - is a schematic representation of the system according to the preferred embodiment of the present application.
DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DA INVENÇÃO DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0035] O presente pedido será descrito a seguir com base em um exemplo de concretização preferida do processo e sistema de acordo com o presente pedido. [0036] Em sua concretização preferida, o sistema do presente pedido compreende pelo menos um reservatório ou tanque 1 para armazenamento da água salina. [0035] The present application will be described below based on an example of preferred embodiment of the process and system according to the present application. [0036] In its preferred embodiment, the system of the present application comprises at least one reservoir or tank 1 for storing saline water.
[0037] Em concretizações do presente pedido, a água salina é água do mar adicionada de sulfato de sódio. Em concretizações alternativas, a água salina é uma água doce adicionada apenas com sulfato de sódio dissolvido. [0037] In embodiments of the present application, saline water is sea water added with sodium sulfate. In alternative embodiments, the saline water is fresh water added with only dissolved sodium sulfate.
[0038] No processo do presente pedido, o tanque atua como um tanque de eletrólise. Assim, o tanque compreende ainda eletrodos para realizar a eletrólise da água salina ali armazenada. [0038] In the process of the present application, the tank acts as an electrolysis tank. Thus, the tank also comprises electrodes to carry out the electrolysis of the saline water stored there.
[0039] Os eletrodos podem ser de qualquer tipo adequado como, por exemplo, eletrodos de grafite, platina, aço ou ligas de tais materiais. [0039] The electrodes can be of any suitable type, for example, electrodes of graphite, platinum, steel or alloys of such materials.
[0040] O tanque pode incluir ainda uma membrana seletiva para separação dos elementos presentes nos eletrodos positivos e negativos. [0040] The tank can also include a selective membrane for separating the elements present in the positive and negative electrodes.
[0041] Durante a eletrólise da água salina gás hidrogénio é liberado no eletrodo negativo e cloro e oxigénio são liberados no eletrodo positivo. Esses gases fluem para a superfície do tanque 1 e são recolhidos, por exemplo, através de uma campânula, e fluem por uma tubulação até um reservatório de gases 2. Naturalmente, aqueles versados na técnica entenderão que o meio de recolhimento e transporte de gases poderia ser alterado dentro do conceito inventivo do sistema proposto pelo presente pedido. [0041] During the electrolysis of saline water hydrogen gas is released at the negative electrode and chlorine and oxygen are released at the positive electrode. These gases flow to the surface of tank 1 and are collected, for example, through a hood, and flow through a pipe to a gas reservoir 2. Naturally, those skilled in the art will understand that the means of collecting and transporting gases could be changed within the inventive concept of the system proposed by the present application.
[0042] No reservatório 2, os gases são comprimidos até a compressão necessária para alimentação de um motor a combustão 3. Ou seja, hidrogénio comprimido alimenta o motor a combustão. [0042] In reservoir 2, the gases are compressed until the compression necessary to feed a combustion engine 3. That is, compressed hydrogen feeds the combustion engine.
[0043] Em uma concretização exemplificativa do presente pedido, o motor a combustão deve ter potência adequada para movimentar a pluralidade de alternadores... [0043] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the combustion engine must have adequate power to move the plurality of alternators...
[0044] Em concretizações do presente pedido, o sistema compreende uma pluralidade de motores a combustão, os quais estão localizados próximos ao reservatório. Em concretizações alternativas, os gases são transportados por tubulações até o local da queima. [0045] Preferencialmente, os motores a combustão sempre utilizarão hidrogénio como seu combustível 3. Assim, o hidrogénio gerado pelo processo de eletrolise da água salina é alimentado aos motores. [0044] In embodiments of the present application, the system comprises a plurality of combustion engines, which are located close to the reservoir. In alternative embodiments, the gases are piped to the flare site. [0045] Preferably, combustion engines will always use hydrogen as their fuel 3. Thus, the hydrogen generated by the process of electrolysis of saline water is fed to the engines.
[0046] Uma pluralidade de alternadores 4 é ligada a um eixo longo instalado no motor a combustão, que transmite pelo mesmo eixo movimento de rotação para todos os alternadores, por meio de correias sincronizadas ou eixo longo composto por engrenagens e rosca sem fim, por exemplo. Conforme aumenta o volume de hidrogénio a ser produzido, se faz necessário mais sistemas como estes. [0046] A plurality of alternators 4 is connected to a long shaft installed in the combustion engine, which transmits through the same axis rotation movement to all alternators, by means of synchronized belts or long shaft composed of gears and worm thread, by example. As the volume of hydrogen to be produced increases, more systems like these are needed.
[0047] Em uma concretização preferencial do conjunto de alternadores utilizados no sistema do presente pedido, a configuração do dito conjunto de alternadores é disposta sob a forma de alternadores de fio retilíneo sem a necessidade de bobinas associadas. De acordo com esta configuração, uma pluralidade de imãs permanentes de NeFeB (imãs de Neodímio) são agrupados sucessivamente em uma fileira, de modo que os polos iguais ficam uns voltados aos outros - isto é, polos Norte voltados a polos Norte e polos Sul voltados ao Sul - e espaçados entre si de uma distância determinada, preferencialmente 6cm. A pluralidade de alteradores é ligada por fios associados a cada um dos alternadores e tendo suas duas extremidades de fios ligadas aos eletrodos do tanque de eletrolise, sendo que os fios devem obrigatoriamente ser condutores para a passagem de corrente elétrica gerada pela pluralidade de alternadores. [0047] In a preferred embodiment of the set of alternators used in the system of the present application, the configuration of said set of alternators is arranged in the form of straight wire alternators without the need for associated coils. According to this configuration, a plurality of NeFeB permanent magnets (Neodymium magnets) are successively grouped in a row, so that equal poles face each other - that is, North poles facing North poles and South poles facing to the South - and spaced from each other at a certain distance, preferably 6cm. The plurality of changers is connected by wires associated with each of the alternators and having its two ends of wires connected to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank, and the wires must be conductors for the passage of electrical current generated by the plurality of alternators.
[0048] A quantidade de imãs utilizados é dependente da tensão que se deseja obter, isto é, serão utilizados mais imãs quanto maior for a tensão necessária e, portanto, o comprimento da fileira da pluralidade de alternadores. Assim, uma vez que a tensão gerada tem a seguinte relação: f.e.m~=B x L x v, onde quanto maior a intensidade do campo (B) e maior o comprimento (L) maior a força eletromotriz (f.e.m), o aumento da força eletromotriz pode ser obtido pelo aumento do comprimento da fileira da pluralidade de alternadores. Os referidos imãs permanentes são apoiados sobre um eixo, que também pode ser chamado de esqueleto ou suporte central, que deve ser de material não magnético, por exemplo, alumínio. [0048] The amount of magnets used is dependent on the voltage that you want to obtain, that is, more magnets will be used the greater the required voltage and, therefore, the length of the row of the plurality of alternators. Thus, since the generated voltage has the following relationship: emf~=B x L xv, where the greater the field strength (B) and the greater the length (L), the greater the electromotive force (emf), the increase in force electromotive can be obtained by increasing the row length of the plurality of alternators. Said permanent magnets are supported on a shaft, which can also be called a skeleton or central support, which must be of non-magnetic material, for example, aluminium.
[0049] Em um exemplo da configuração do conjunto de alternadores, são usados imãs permanentes de NeFeB (imãs de Neodímio) de campo aproximado de 5000-7000 Gauss enfileirados de forma que eles estejam sempre se repelindo, ligados por fios (cabos) esmaltados de 0,2mm de diâmetro, e tendo cada uma das extremidades de cada fio (cabo) um transformador de corrente e um par de eletrodos em uma célula para eletrólise... [0049] In an example of the alternator set configuration, they are NeFeB permanent magnets (Neodymium magnets) of approximately 5000-7000 Gauss field are used in a row so that they are always repelling each other, connected by enameled wires (cables) 0.2mm in diameter, and having each end of each wire (cable) a current transformer and a pair of electrodes in a cell for electrolysis...
[0050] O enfileiramento da pluralidade de alternadores pode ser feito em fileira única (linha reta), mas também pode ser feito em fileira dupla (ida e volta). [0050] The queuing of the plurality of alternators can be done in single row (straight line), but it can also be done in double row (round trip).
[0051] Os alternadores 4, quanto do movimento do eixo do motor a combustão, geram energia elétrica alternada que tem sua potência transformada quando e se necessário, e necessariamente deixará de ser corrente alternada e passará a ser corrente contínua usando um transformador de corrente (AC-DC) adequado para ser realimentada nos eletrodos do tanque de água salina. [0051] Alternators 4, as for the movement of the combustion engine shaft, generate alternating electrical energy that has its power transformed when and if necessary, and will necessarily cease to be alternating current and will become direct current using a current transformer ( AC-DC) suitable to be fed back to the saline water tank electrodes.
[0052] Para tanto, os alternadores abastecem uma pluralidade de transformadores (de potência e/ou corrente) 5 que vão abastecer os eletrodos com energia elétrica de corrente contínua na voltagem necessária. Geralmente a energia elétrica realimentada para os eletrodos do tanque de eletrólise tem tensão entre 2V e 3V (DC). [0052] To do so, the alternators supply a plurality of transformers (power and/or current) 5 that will supply the electrodes with direct current electrical energy at the required voltage. Generally, the electrical energy fed back to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank has a voltage between 2V and 3V (DC).
[0053] Assim, a multiplicidade de alternadores 4 ligados no mesmo eixo longo (ou uma correia sincronizadora) do motor a combustão 3 gera um conjunto capaz de abastecer o sistema de extração de hidrogénio com energia suficiente para o processo se tornar cíclico, permitindo, inclusive que o sistema produza uma quantidade de hidrogénio em excesso que pode ser utilizada para outros fins que não a realimentação. [0053] Thus, the multiplicity of alternators 4 connected on the same long axis (or a timing belt) of the combustion engine 3 generates a set capable of supplying the hydrogen extraction system with enough energy for the process to become cyclic, allowing, including that the system produces an excess amount of hydrogen that can be used for purposes other than feedback.
[0054] A retroalimentação do sistema do presente pedido torna o processo economicamente viável, já que os motores de combustão alimentados a hidrogénio acabam por gerar energia elétrica que alimenta os eletrodos para a eletrólise. [0054] The feedback of the system of this application makes the process economically viable, since combustion engines powered by hydrogen end up generating electrical energy that feeds the electrodes for electrolysis.
[0055] Como os motores a combustão estão queimando hidrogénio, o produto da combustão será vapor de água. Esse vapor d’agua pode ser aproveitado para movimentar uma turbina 6 para geração de energia elétrica. Após a passagem pela turbina 6, o vapor d’agua resfriado se tornará água líquida. [0056] Na concretização preferida do presente pedido, os motores a combustão são imersos em tanques de imersão, de modo que o calor gerado pelos motores é aproveitado. [0055] As combustion engines are burning hydrogen, the combustion product will be water vapor. This water vapor can be used to move a turbine 6 to generate electricity. After passing through turbine 6, the cooled water vapor will become liquid water. [0056] In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the combustion engines are immersed in immersion tanks, so that the heat generated by the engines is harnessed.
[0057] Os tanques de imersão compreendem um invólucro onde o motor é disposto, sendo que o invólucro encerra um primeiro fluido com um primeiro calor específico (por exemplo, a água). Esse primeiro fluido trocará calor com um segundo fluido com um segundo calor específico, gerando uma expansão de volume e escape de vapor (gerador de vapor 7 na figura 1 ). Esse vapor pode ser aproveitado para movimentar turbinas 8 de geração de energia elétrica. [0057] The immersion tanks comprise a casing where the motor is disposed, the casing enclosing a first fluid with a first specific heat (for example, water). This first fluid will exchange heat with a second fluid with a second specific heat, generating a volume expansion and steam escape (steam generator 7 in figure 1). This steam can be used to move turbines 8 for generating electricity.
[0058] Assim, na concretização preferida, tanto o vapor da queima de hidrogénio no motor pode ser aproveitado por geração de energia elétrica por turbina quanto o vapor gerado pela troca de calor com o fluido do tanque de imersão pode ser aproveitado por geração de energia elétrica por turbina. [0058] Thus, in the preferred embodiment, both the steam from burning hydrogen in the engine can be harnessed by turbine electric power generation, and the steam generated by heat exchange with the immersion tank fluid can be harnessed by power generation electric turbine.
[0059] Uma característica importante do sistema de acordo com o presente pedido é a destinação dos subprodutos quando o processo for realizado com água salina contendo cloro. [0059] An important feature of the system according to this application is the destination of by-products when the process is carried out with saline water containing chlorine.
[0060] O cloro liberado no eletrodo positivo e recolhido através da campânula pode ser queimado com hidrogénio e gerar ácido clorídrico. [0060] The chlorine released on the positive electrode and collected through the hood can be burned with hydrogen and generate hydrochloric acid.
[0061] O hidróxido de sódio no tanque pode ser combinado com ácido clorídrico, resultando em uma reação de neutralização onde o produto final é água e o mesmo sal que veio do mar. [0061] The sodium hydroxide in the tank can be combined with hydrochloric acid, resulting in a neutralization reaction where the final product is water and the same salt that came from the sea.
[0062] No caso de o tanque não usar a membrana para separar os eletrodos, o cloro se juntará com o hidróxido de sódio e formará um precipitado, [0062] In case the tank does not use the membrane to separate the electrodes, the chlorine will join with the sodium hydroxide and form a precipitate,
[0063] Um terceiro subproduto, o hipoclorito de sódio, pode ser queimado com hidrogénio e também dará origem a água e o mesmo sal que veio do mar. [0063] A third by-product, sodium hypochlorite, can be burned with hydrogen and will also give rise to water and the same salt that came from the sea.
[0064] O gás oxigénio formado em um dos eletrodos pode ser vendido comercialmente ou queimado com hidrogénio obtendo uma queima de temperatura mais elevada se for comercialmente mais favorável. [0064] The oxygen gas formed in one of the electrodes can be sold commercially or burnt with hydrogen obtaining a higher temperature burn if it is more commercially favorable.
[0065] Na concretização preferida do presente pedido, o ácido clorídrico irá reagir com o metal gerando gás hidrogénio e o cloreto do metal. O cloreto do metal pode ser direcionado a um misturador 9 que mistura com hidróxido de sódio formando um precipitado de hidróxido do metal para posterior direcionamento a uma câmara de combustão 10 onde será queimado com hidrogénio e resultará em água e o metal reciclado. [0065] In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the hydrochloric acid will react with the metal generating hydrogen gas and the metal chloride. The metal chloride can be directed to a mixer 9 which mixes with sodium hydroxide forming a metal hydroxide precipitate for further routing to a combustion chamber 10 where it will be burned with hydrogen and will result in water and recycled metal.
[0066] O hidrogénio em excesso que não é consumido nos motores de combustão utilizados para gerar energia elétrica para realimentação dos tanques pode ser vendido como produto isolado ou queimado em termelétricas para gerar energia elétrica externa ao ciclo, a qual também poderá ser vendida. [0066] The excess hydrogen that is not consumed in the combustion engines used to generate electrical energy for the feedback of the tanks can be sold as an isolated product or burned in thermoelectric plants to generate electrical energy outside the cycle, which can also be sold.
[0067] Dessa reciclagem no misturador 9 restará outro subproduto que é o cloreto de sódio - que é o mesmo sal do mar que pode ser descartado. [0067] From this recycling in mixer 9 there will be another by-product which is sodium chloride - which is the same sea salt that can be discarded.
[0068] Em uma concretização do presente pedido, o tanque de eletrólise 1 é construído com um fundo inclinado para que todo o precipitado seja direcionado a um local do tanque, possibilitando a retirada eficiente do precipitado do fundo. Essa característica faz com que o tanque possa ser instalado no oceano sem nenhum impacto ambiental. [0068] In an embodiment of the present application, the electrolysis tank 1 is built with an inclined bottom so that all the precipitate is directed to a location in the tank, enabling the efficient removal of the precipitate from the bottom. This feature makes the tank can be installed in the ocean without any environmental impact.
[0069] Um aparelho motorizado pode ser utilizado para recolhimento do precipitado do tanque, facilitando o processo. [0069] A motorized device can be used to collect the precipitate from the tank, facilitating the process.
[0070] Em concretizações do presente pedido, os motores a combustão podem ser montados em locais mais distantes e altos pois o gás hidrogénio pode ser facilmente transportado (como, por exemplo, em cidades não litorâneas), de modo que a água gerada na combustão possa gerar na queda por gravidade energia elétrica como numa PCH (pequena central hidrelétrica) e depois a água pode ser enviada para os pontos de consumo. [0070] In embodiments of the present application, combustion engines can be mounted in more distant and high locations as hydrogen gas can be easily transported (such as, for example, in non-coastal cities), so that the water generated in combustion can generate electrical energy in the fall by gravity as in a SHP (small hydroelectric plant) and then the water can be sent to the consumption points.
[0071] Assim, tendo sido descritos exemplos de concretizações do presente pedido, deve ser entendido que o escopo do presente pedido abrange outras variações possíveis do conceito inventivo descrito, sendo limitadas tão somente pelo teor das reivindicações anexas, aí incluídos os possíveis equivalentes. [0071] Thus, having described examples of embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the scope of the present application encompasses other possible variations of the described inventive concept, being limited only by the content of the appended claims, including possible equivalents.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES
1 . Sistema para extração de hidrogénio de água salina e geração de energia elétrica, água pura e gás hidrogénio caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende: pelo menos tanque (1) para armazenagem da água salina, o tanque compreende eletrodos de modo a atuar como um tanque de eletrólise; pelo menos um reservatório de gases (2) para armazenar hidrogénio gerado pela eletrólise da água salina; pelo menos um motor a combustão (3), o motor de combustão sendo alimentado por hidrogénio oriundo do reservatório de gases e possuindo um eixo longo onde é instalada uma pluralidade de alternadores (4); em que a pluralidade de alternadores de fio retilíneo (4), quando movimentada pelo mesmo eixo longo do motor a combustão, abastece uma pluralidade de transformadores de corrente e potência (5) que realimenta com energia elétrica os eletrodos do tanque de eletrólise; a pluralidade de alternadores de fio retilíneo (4) sendo compreendida por uma pluralidade de imãs permanentes enfileirados retilineamente com os polos iguais voltados uns para os outros e espaçados entre si e sendo a pluralidade de imãs ligadas entre si por meio de fios de material condutor e com suas extremidades de fio sendo ligadas aos eletrodos do tanque de eletrólise 1 . System for extracting hydrogen from saline water and generating electricity, pure water and hydrogen gas characterized by the fact that it comprises: at least tank (1) for storing saline water, the tank comprises electrodes in order to act as a tank of electrolysis; at least one gas reservoir (2) for storing hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of saline water; at least one combustion engine (3), the combustion engine being powered by hydrogen from the gas tank and having a long shaft on which a plurality of alternators (4) is installed; wherein the plurality of straight wire alternators (4), when moved by the same long axis of the combustion engine, supplies a plurality of current and power transformers (5) that feed back electrical energy to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank; the plurality of straight wire alternators (4) being comprised of a plurality of straight-lined permanent magnets with equal poles facing each other and spaced apart and the plurality of magnets being connected together by means of wires of conductive material and with its wire ends being connected to the electrodes of the electrolysis tank
2. Sistema, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda uma turbina (6) que utiliza vapor d’água gerado pela queima de hidrogénio no motor de combustão para geração de energia elétrica. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a turbine (6) that uses water vapor generated by burning hydrogen in the combustion engine to generate electricity.
3. Sistema, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 ou 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que o motor de combustão é disposto em um tanque de imersão, o tanque de imersão encerrando um primeiro fluido com um primeiro calor específico, o primeiro fluido trocando calor com um segundo fluido com um segundo calor específico, de modo a gerar uma expansão de volume e escape de vapor; em que o sistema inclui ainda uma turbina (8) que recebe esse vapor escapado e o utiliza para geração de energia elétrica. 3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion engine is arranged in a dip tank, the dip tank enclosing a first fluid with a first specific heat, the first fluid exchanging heat with a second fluid with a second specific heat so as to generate a volume expansion and vapor escape; in which the system also includes a turbine (8) that receives this escaped steam and uses it to generate electricity.
4. Sistema, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 3, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda pelo menos um misturador (9) e pelo menos uma câmara de combustão (10). 4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises at least one mixer (9) and at least one combustion chamber (10).
5. Sistema, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 4, caracterizado pelo fato de que o tanque de eletrólise (1 ) possui um fundo inclinado. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the electrolysis tank (1) has a sloping bottom.
6. Sistema, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que os imãs permanentes estejam afastados de pelo menos 5 cm. 6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets are spaced at least 5 cm apart.
7. Processo para extração de hidrogénio de água salina e geração de energia elétrica, água pura e gás hidrogénio caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende: proporcionar pelo menos um tanque (1) para armazenamento da água salina, o tanque compreendendo eletrodos de modo a atuar como um tanque de eletrólise; realizar a eletrólise da água salina, gerando hidrogénio; armazenar pelo menos parte do hidrogénio gerado pela eletrólise da água salina em um reservatório de gases (2); utilizar pelo menos parte do hidrogénio armazenado para alimentar um motor de combustão (3) tendo um eixo longo; proporcionar uma pluralidade de alternadores (4) sobre o eixo longo do motor a combustão; girar o eixo longo do motor a combustão fazendo com que os alternadores (4) da pluralidade de alternadores gerem energia elétrica; utilizar a energia elétrica gerada pelos alternadores para abastecer uma pluralidade de transformadores (5); utilizar os transformadores (5) para abastecer com energia elétrica os eletrodos do tanque de eletrólise. 7. Process for extracting hydrogen from saline water and generating electricity, pure water and hydrogen gas characterized in that it comprises: providing at least one tank (1) for storing saline water, the tank comprising electrodes in order to act as an electrolysis tank; perform the electrolysis of saline water, generating hydrogen; store at least part of the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of saline water in a gas reservoir (2); using at least part of the stored hydrogen to power a combustion engine (3) having a long shaft; providing a plurality of alternators (4) on the long axis of the combustion engine; turning the long shaft of the combustion engine causing the alternators (4) of the plurality of alternators to generate electrical energy; using the electrical energy generated by the alternators to supply a plurality of transformers (5); use the transformers (5) to supply the electrodes of the electrolysis tank with electrical energy.
8. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda a etapa de utilizar o vapor d’água gerado pela queima de hidrogénio no motor de combustão para alimentar uma turbina (6) de geração de energia elétrica. 8. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises the step of using the water vapor generated by burning hydrogen in the combustion engine to feed a turbine (6) for generating electricity.
9. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 6 ou 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda a etapa de queimar hidrogénio em excesso não consumido no motor de combustão com gás cloro proveniente da eletrólise para gerar ácido clorídrico. 9. Process according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that it further comprises the step of burning excess hydrogen not consumed in the combustion engine with chlorine gas from electrolysis to generate hydrochloric acid.
10. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 8, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda a etapas de reagir o ácido clorídrico com um metal gerando gás hidrogénio e o cloreto do metal, direcionar o cloreto do metal a um misturador (9) que mistura o cloreto do metal com hidróxido de sódio para formar precipitado de hidróxido do metal, e direcionar o precipitado a uma câmara de combustão (10) para queimar o hidróxido do metal com hidrogénio para gerar água e metal reciclado. 10. Process according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises the steps of reacting the hydrochloric acid with a metal generating hydrogen gas and the metal chloride, directing the metal chloride to a mixer (9) that mixes the metal chloride with sodium hydroxide to form metal hydroxide precipitate, and direct the precipitate to a combustion chamber (10) to burn the metal hydroxide with hydrogen to generate water and recycled metal.
PCT/BR2019/050577 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 System and process for extracting hydrogen from salt water and generation of electricity, pure water and hydrogen gas WO2021134119A1 (en)

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